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Northern Star (1837-1852), 13th November 1852, Edition 1 of 2, Page 11, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      against their children , despoiled by them of their patrimony , which it took * S olutions to regain-lastly , a crime against themselves / for n dkhnnt , tm * l «* they committed suicide . Now , Citizens , you are invited I xen ^ MWhw * lease of servitude ; you are calledto the second Em " * J £ Z m its godmother is not victory but the police ; and its Italian campus IZ called Mazas , Cayenne , and Lambessa ! If France , dazzled by the Xr o ? a ^ t s ^ ord dishonoured and lost herself iu the calends of the yeaf y l at ^ iULe thought of you , mature Citizens , enlightened by two revoluta aS ^ ^ police to crown the Cesar of burglars ? Conscience has but one nLe W guCU a suicide-cowardice ; and history will have no page for such 1 Tnnl ! w * - •**¦ Citos , ' « 'e exercise of the sovereignly isb « t an a £ om £ S ^ son , and the most melancholy of human farces when liberty guards not tl \ l ^» "J ^ S ?^^? ??™ - -veveigntyV T dSto " of assassination the of the gainst their children , despoiled by them of their natrimonv . Wh 5 n 7 T ?~

      ship men 2 nd of December ! Ev / n seer t vXg is W organised theft when they are emptied by falsehood under the au nfee of force ; bat who empties them now these sacred bvUetvns dropped in the u n under the eve of the gendarmes ? The incarnate lie , the bloody and hypocrUicai perjury , thesystem of the 2 nd of December . A people may vote for o ^ a " nst ou taxation , on peace , on war , and on the relative formsof sovereignty when it mterferesnot with theoriginai right , but on the very existence of that sovereign } v on the inalienabl y eternal zight , on the principle and the e ^ ToU ^ TOte is a crime there should be no reply but by arms t But what is now i „ qnestion ? The Empire- * he hereditary Empire-that is to say , ma ZZ sinking into eternal servitude , like the sun in the sea , perpetual S £ S £ voluntary death , and ^ honour ! Citizens , you will not commit such a horrible crime ; you w . ll not spread , like a winding-sheet , over the tomb of the Republic sealed by you , the slamed purple of a Cssar of the highway ; you will not im ' t an impious hand on your revolutions , your trophies , y 0 Ur hopes , ou civilisation which lives but in liberty , on your children , and on yourselves ! You will not

      consummate that murder of renown and duty . You , will not vote ' I eave the police and the everlasting parasites to labour at the imperial garland , and you prepare the avenging hemp ! Yes , night and day , in public and in private , organise and fortify yourselves , so that each live in all and all in each . May you be animated w ! th a common faith , the revolutionary faith , implacable , persevering and bold , like tna , of our fathers of ' 92 , and be always ready to arise , to strike Citizens , in presence of a tyrant , a perjurer , an assassin of the public liberties this is the one great duty you have to fulfil ! ' London , November 3 , 1852 .

      Untitled Article

      MANIFESTO OF THE REFUGEES IN JERSEY . The French exiles resident in Jersey have issued the following pro clamation , "which is clandestinely circulated in Paris :

      TO THE PEOPLE . Citizess , —The empire is about to be created . Is a continuation of abstention necessary ? Such is the question addressed to us . In the department of the Seine , a certain number of Republicans , of those who , till now , have abstained , as they-ought , from taking a part , under any form whatever , in the acts of the government of M . Bonaparte , who seem now to think that on the occasion of the Empire , a hostile demonstration ^ the part of Paris might be useful , and that , perhaps , the proper moment shall have arrived to intervene in the election . They add , that in any case , the vote will be a means of numbering the Republican party . They ask our advice . Our reply will be simple ; and what we say for the town of Paris may he said for all the departments . M . Bonaparte

      has not decided on declaring himself Emperor without having first decided with hig accomplices the number of votes he needs to surpass the 7 , 500 , 000 of his 20 th of December . At this hour , whatever it be , eight millions , nine millions , or ten millions , the number is settled . We need not take the trouble to recall to you what is M . Bonaparte ' s " Universal Suffrage "—M . Bonaparte's ballot . A manifestation from the town of Paris , or from the town of Lyons , a numbering of the ^ Republican party , is that possible ? Where is the guarantee of the ballot 1 Where is the control ? Where are the searchers ? Where is Liberty ? Think of these mockeries . What is it that will issue from the urn ? The will of M . Bonaparte—nothing else . M . Bonaparte has in his hands the keys of the ballot-boses , the votes , the oui and the non . After the work of the prefects and

      mayors terminates , this government of highwaymen will shut itself up with the ballot-boxes , and pillage theni . What is it to this government to increase or diminish votes , alter a 2 > roee 8-veibal . invent a total , and fabricate a figure . A lie , that is a trifle ; a falsehood , that is nothing . Adhere to principles , Citizens . This is what vre have to say to you : M . Bonaparte finds that the time has come to call himself Majesty . He did not restore a Pope to leave him nothing to do ; he means to be consecrated and crowned . Since the 2 nd of December he has had the fact , despotism , now he desires the name Empire . So be it . We , Bepublicans , what is our duty ? what should he our attitude ? Citizens , Louis Bonaparte is an outlaw—he is beyond the pale of humanity . During the ten months that this scoundrel has reigned , the right of insurrection has been

      envermanence , and governs the situation At the present hour , a perpetual call to arms exists in every conscience . But be tranquil ; that which revolts every conscience , wili not be very long before it places arms in every hand . Friends and brothers , in presence of that infamous government , negation of all morality , and obstacle to all social progress , in presence of that murderer of the people , assassin of the Republic , and violator of the laws , of that ^ government born of force , and which must needs perish of force , of that government raised by crime , arid which must be brought down by right , the French Citizen worthy of the name knows

      not and cares not to know , whether there be some semblance of the ballot , a comedy of universal suffrage , and the parody of an appeal to the nation : he seeks not to know whether there be men who vote , or men who may vote , whether there be a flock , called the Senate , that deliberates , and another flock called the people , that obeys ; he seeks not to know whether the Pope will tome to consecrate at Notre-Dame the man who—doubt it not , such is the invitable future—will he claimed by the hand of the executionor . In presence of M . Bonaparte and his government , the citizen , worthy of the name , will do but one thing , and has but one thing to do—to load his musket and wait . Tive la

      Rcpublique ! For the French democratic-socialists resident in Jersey , met in general asse ? n-% on the dlst of October , 1853 . Victor Hugo , Fonberteatjx , Philippe Faure . THE FR ATERNAL DEMOCRATS . At a meeting of the Committee of this Society on Sunday evening , November 7 th ., the following resolutions were unanimously adopted : —

      1 st . —That having read in the Star of Freedom an account of the atrocious execution of twenty-four Italian patriots at Sinigaglia , and nine at Ancona , by order of that incarnation of priestcraft and tyranny , the Papal Government , we hereby express our heartfelt grief and indignation , and our earnest resolution to aid , by every possible means , the Italian Republicans , and their cause , —which is that of European Freedom . 2 nd . —That viewing the Shilling Subscription for European Freedom , to he one of the most effectual means of aiding the Italian National Cause , we resolve to give it our support , individually and collectively , and we urge our brother members and fellow countrymen generally , to co-operate with us m this good work .

      3 rd . -That a sub-committee he appointed to draw up an address to the British People expressing the views of this Society on the present state of continental Europe , and the ' best means of bringing public opinion to bear upon the British Parli ament and Government , so as to procure the active intervention of Great Br itain in aid of Italian Freedom . 4 th . -That immediate correspondence be entered into by this Society with Democratic journals , and personal friends in America and Australia , m order to Mng int 0 closer intimacy the different branches of the ^ S ^ f " . ^' ^ ' with the same language , traditions , and love of freedom should take the lead in the great work of human regeneration . 5 . -That Democratic Journals on the continent he ,-and hereby are requested to copy these resolutions in order that a correspondence may be established between this Society and the Continental democrats . ,

      6 th . —That copies of these resolutions be forwarded to Joseph Mazzim , and to tte Society of the Friends of Italy . ( Signed in the name of the Committee ) John Milne , Chairman . G . JULIAN HAKNBY , 1 Secl . etaries . Alexander Bell , j All Communications , newspapers , to ., to be addressed to George Julian fi « ney , 4 . Brunswict-row , Queen-square , Bloomsbury , toudon . j

      Untitled Article

      THE MARTYRDOM OF ROBERT BLUM . ANNIVERSARY COMMEM ORATION ^^ MSSSrSS French Tt , il 5 S " g C 1 Wded ' Theve was P vesent * sprinkling of SSSl , GSn Sud ^ 0 " " " : ' T" EngliSh ; bUt the 8 ™ ' » - " " inm-c i 1 ^ ' lncludinSa considerable number of ladies . Th » 4 r charmin . * evitace of to- Z ? ?" actastl ° »* «» . «>» Mies 6 a , e unikeable uncwoui . We should add , that at the bock or tin platform Vu a . tare , ! mrl b «« ., f « oil painting presentlng a mosl sMt ] , Jes ™ ™ ^ f ™«

      a P elude of mus . c , he addressed the meeting ( in German ) . He commenced by G—e 17 J ™ that R ° ' fc BIUm hadb 6 C 0 me tlie i « fl . -d mSyr J wasTIt 7 " m WaS thS thOrOUgh Geman representative man . He was ntense y the man of the German poeple ; he incorporated all their instincts a 1 heir faiths a 1 their aspirations ; he embodied the people ' s demand for those * XTfl 6 n , ^ ° leOn lml t 0 be CVyShed but nevei " S ™ nted 5 and h <> was he w of the people ' s generosity when they had their tyrants in their power and should not have been generous . He was the man of the era-preeJy the man to translate and put in action the passions of the time . All Germany spoke ZIT great !* effect that he ™ SP ™" *» n the democracy not &P Whei 1 the

      ^ ^ . ^ s S SJni 5 r- ^^ , mMnBWOTM 0 U ^ Genoans i » i Z ? r ; > the SWOnl Was left in the hands of those kings , and the democracy had suffered accordingly for that fault . Blum , however , was intensely the democrat . He was a large-hearted , clear-headed , practical man , nating wrong , and loving his race ; and he had determined to do and to call on others to do precisely that which he believed ti . e time demanded . The speaker proceeded to sketch Blum ' s political life—the political action he had called into existence in Saxony , and the impetus he gave by his personal dauntlessnew to the religious anti-papal movement of Ronge . Mer a rapid survey of the history of the Frankfort parliament , and the appointment of Blum ( with Flobel

      and Hartman , the poet ,, as a deputation to the Viennese revolutionists , he entered into a defence of Blum ' s conduct during the struggle in Vienna . Vienna was , at the time , the turning point of all the efforts of enslaved Europe in 1848 . If Vienna were made secure again in the hands of her Emperor , and without conditions , Hungary could not long have resisted , Italy would have been overwhelmed ; and the Austrian empire reformed , the rest of Germany would have been overrun with reaction . Blum unaerstood this , and attempted to master the crisis ; and he fought gallantly , and fell like a hero of humanity under the hands of his assassins . But in Blum's blood had been written a new charter for the people ; for , as Pericles said of the Athenians who fell in resisting the Spartans , the grave of a

      great man was the whole earth . This part of the speech , or rather elegiac eloge , was loudly cheered ; and the cheers were taken up again when the orator—announcing his belief that the time was fast approaching when Blum would be avenged by a new and permanently successful revolution throughout Europeexpressed his conviction that , in their next contest for freedom , the Germans would obtain the sympathy of the English people . He distinguished between the English government and the English people . The English people were no longer dictated to by a class or a man—by an aristocracy , or by a Pitt , or a Wellington , as the mouthpieces of classes . The English nation was dictating for itself in these days in its political relations with other peoples ; and it could not be that

      within the same hemisphere there could long be a London and a Naples—British institutions and military despotism . London was becoming the beacon of the world ; and the English nation would soon admit that they must obtain another people , because it fought and did not win , in struggling with despotisms . In Germany force must be met by force ; and the English must not suppose that freedom was to be got , like a reform in degree—bj a motion , or by a division , or by public meetings . The English had used the sword once ; and the Germans had imitated them , and would imitate them again and again . ( Cheers . ) The

      battle would recommence ere long . Humanity still lived ; and people had but to be patient and to have faith in themselves , and to be true to that faith . This faith in the destiny of democracy was the new religion of the world . Professor Ruge went on to point out the errors committed in the years 1848-9 ; and then to vindicate the democrats from the false charges brought against them . The Germans had learnt necessary lessons in their failures . They had learnt to know themselves ; and , still more , to appreciate their tyrants . They might fall again , but it should not be because they were deceived in their kings .

      MB . Oscar Falke gave an eloquent sketch of Blum ' s career , from his early and struggling youth , to the day on which he was shot by order of an Austrian court-martial . At all times he had been a revolutionary—that was , a religious reformer , an opposev of priestly oppression , a writer of the public feelings and sentiments , a man who , whether in Parliament or on the barricade , was ever ready to devote every exertion , and even his life to his country ' s welfare . Keferring to the future , the Speaker expressed hia earnest belief in the speedy coming of the next , revolution which he hinted would begin in Paris by the dethronement and death of the " Caligula of the day . ' His speech was received with repeated bursts of enthusiastic applause .

      DR . TausenAU followed , speaking in English . He speaks our language with ease , if not with elegance . He contended that the meeting could not be regarded as a bragging demonstration . The Germans were not to be silent because they were beaten for the time ; and they could hot but be right in standing on and speaking from the only free platform left them in Enrope , and in encouraging among one another those political virtues of patience and perseverance to which the English had themselves taught the rest of the world to trust . He proceeded to answer the question he was often asked—why the German democrats held Blum in such reverence : repeating the opinions of Blum ' s character previously expressed , and saying that it was not because Blum was the only or even the

      greatest martyr , but because a concurrence of circumstances had made Blum the representative of the whole German people at Vienna ; and because the man himself was of that pure nature—loveable in his family , and thereiore virtuous in the political arena—which excited enthusiasm in arousing regrets . Therefore it is that the name of Eobert Blum will be the rallying cry of the people in the great day of the future—( cheers . ) The learned doctor went on to show that tiie English nation had ludicrously misunderstood the whole German political struggle ; and , as an instance of the fallacious reasoning still influencing our leading statesmen when they had to refer to German politics , he mentioned Mr . Macaulay ' s speech at Edinburgh . That speech , said Dr . Tansenau , was a libel upon the democracy of Europe . He was an admirer of the works of Mr .

      Macaulay ; but tins particular speech had made him pause in his tribute ; and lie had begun to doubt whether the heart of Mr . Macaulay really beat with that of mankind ; whether it did not beat merely for the success of a single party 1 Mr . Macaulay had proved Gibbon to be short-sighted in having thought that civilization could no longer be in danger from barbarians , who were more savage than Huns and Vandals . He ( Dr . Tausenau ) might ask if that could be the real genuine civilization which produced such matters ? ( Great cheering . ) But he did not admit the fact ; and , judging of the army by their leaders , he would ask if Louis Kossuth was a barbarian 1 Was Joseph Mazzini a savjige 1 Was Arnold Euge a Vandal 1 Was Johannes Ronge a Hun ? ( Much cheering . ) Civilization , according to Mr . Macaulay , had been saved ; but where were the signs of this

      salvation 1 Was civilization saved because Vienna . Pragne , Cracow , Veniceall the capitals of Germany and Italy have been bombarded and sacked—beeausc the press was gagged—education in the hands of an ignorant and arrogant priesthood—because the free congregations had been suppressed and popery was everywhere triumphant—because thousands were bucthered in Hungary by cowardly assassins in the pay of the Austrian government—not to speak of those who fell on the battle-field , and the thousands that were slaughtered by the master-hangman Haynau in the shambles , as established by him in Brescia and elsewhere—because in the Hungarian war , ladies' hands were cut off for the sake of the rings on their fingers , children ript up by the swords of the brutal soldiery , and other atrocities too numerous to mention were committed—because Louis

      Napoleon , crowned scoundrel , was about to become an emperor 1 —( cheers ) . Look at the perjuries committed by all the sovereigns , and say if civilization has been served —( enthusiastic applause ) . If that were civilization he would turn Arab or Caffre and make war on that civilization —( great cheering ) . Mr , Macaulay mistook desolation for peace : he did not see that the democrats had never committed a crime , and that they had been crushed only by their oppressors resorting to . all the crimes which were accursed of God and man . Mr . Macaulay lived too much in his closet for the healthy play of his genius . He lived only in the circles of government boards , and did not understand that a people had faith in more than one routine , and that what now existed from Paris to St . Petersburg was false and artificial , and could not last—( loud cheers ) . This Mr . Macaulay would soon- ascertain , and then , perhaps , change his opinion .

      Untitled Article

      Louis Napoleon , the patent saviour of civilization , would soon invade Germany or England —(« No ; he can't" ) . Well , he would try . If he invaded Germany , there would be at first only German armies to meet him ; and it was possible that he would conquer those armies . And when rogues fell out honest men came by their own ; and when the German armies were destroyed the German people would look up , would organise such a popular army as would for ever put to flight the French invaders and the German princes—( cheers ) . This was what the successful tyrants of Germany must be now anticipating ; and he ( Dr . Tausenau ) would tell them that though they had 8 , 000 , 000 of bayonets to defend them lie knew they rested uneasily ; for they knew themselves that they were not Mr . Macaulay s saviours of Europe , but Asiatic despots , and that though they had sown disease , death , and destruction , the people , and not they , would reap the fruit—( loud cheers ) .

      Johannes Ronge , the celebrated religious reformer , and founder of the Free Congregations , " next addressed the meeting . He expatiated chiefly on the solidarity of nations . Mr . Lockhaut followed , speaking in English , and was succeeded by Mr . Wevcell , one of the Polish democracy , who read a paper ( in French ) in which he spoke of the noble Blum , and recounted how he had desired and struggled for the freedom of heroic Poland-how he had opposed the reaction in the Assembly , in their mean denial of justice to Poland , and how lie had lived and died heroically in defence of the solidarity of nations , and the holy principles of liberty , equality , and fraternity . The meeting then broke up , but a number of those present remained and partook of a supper , which was served up in the hall .

      Untitled Article

      THE FRIENDS OF ITALY . From the Monthly Record for November published by the above named society -we select the following extracts . . The first contains particulars as to the names of the Sinigaglia victims hitherto unpublished m any English journal . The Roman States , —Since the publication of our last Record , news lias been received of an occurrence in the Roman states more horrible in its individual cruelty than any which has taken place in Italy since the commencement of the Reaction . We alude to the execution of twenty-four political prisons in binigagha—an atrocity to which , we are very swry to say , the British Press , with one or two exceptions , has hardly done more than allude . In the last days

      of September , twenty-four men who had been imprisoned since 1840 , on political charges , and who during that time had endured ti . e sufferings , privations , and tortures peculiar to an Italian prison , were led out-eight , the first day ; six , the second ; and ten , ' the third—into a public place in the town of Simga-lia , and there shot b y Swiss soidiers in the pay of the Pope .. Some of them had been condemned by a sentence of the 31 st of December , 1851 ; others , by a sentence ot the 21 st of Febuary , 1852 ; so that , from the delay , everybody believed that the sentences would never be carried into effect , and the men themselves were Kept lor months in a state of alternation between hope and despair—a refinement of cruelty which conldonlybe practised by Iroquois Indiansor the

      Govern-, ment of the Pope . Among the executed were the following-Giambartelomei , aged 24 , and married , a porter Cirolamia , 35 , married , a hemp-worker Para l venti , 24 . married , a mason ; Perini , 28 , married , a mason ; Rocheggia , 46 , married , a shoemaker ; Clari , 33 , married , a merchant ; Georgietti , 25 , single , a comb-maker ; Guistini , 40 , married , a hemp-worker : Polini , 23 , marred a comb-: nakep : Giantanelli , 25 , single , employed in the hospital ; Marchetti , 34 , married , a shoemaker ; Francesconi , 22 , single , a hemp-worker ; Salvatori 23 single , a shoemaker . The most distinguished of the victims was Girolamo Simoncelli , ex-heutenant of the national guard , a man of the most amiable , generous , and noble character , and universally beloved .

      After three years and a half of imprisonment , and weak and haggard by their sufferings during that time , twenty-four men , selected from a greater number—the rest being condemned to imprisonment lor life or for twenty years —are led out into the light , to go to their death ; and yet all the months of sickness and endurance have not conquered their spirit ; the light of day brings back to them the enthusiasm which dwelt in their breasts when they last saw it ; and they use the last few minutes of their lives in singing the S' Marseillaise , '' and shouting the name of Mazzini .

      If anything were wanting to stamp the character of the Papal government as the worst on earth , these Sinigaglia executiens have supplied it . This horror , the worst of all during a long course of revolution and " reaction , has been reserved , not for the territories of King Bomba , or any other secular despot , but for those of the Pope , Christ ' s vicar on earth-the holy and merciful man who refused to send soldiers against the Austrian invaders because " they vere Christians . " This is right , it is sight that the central spot of the world ' s iniquity—the spot on which the energies of reform must be most powerfully concentrated , in order that the whole world may feel the renovation—should be the spot exhibiting , in the most odious form , the accumulation of all that can disgust men and make them indignant .

      Naples . —There have been seven capital condemnations at Naples , referring to . 1848— the condemned being men of high repute , such as Professor Spaventa . They have not been executed , and perhaps wili not be ; but the prisons of ffaplei know how to kill slowly . Lombardy . —In Lorabardy new political arrests are being made , in continuation of the extraordinary number made alread y . In Verona especially , arrests go on at a great rate . The trials of the arrested are proceeding , the prisoners behaving heroically . There as in the rest of Italy , the atrocity with which political persecution is conducted is really abnormal—hardly any country o : time exhibiting a parallel . The official gazettes are sickening—a true martyrology .

      Untitled Article

      MAZZINI AND KOSSUTH . IMPORTANT MEETING OF THE SOCIETY OF THE FRIENDS OF | ITALY . ' " The first eonversazionc of the season" of this society took place on Wednesday evening at the Music-hall , Store-street . The hall was densely crowded . The English preponderated ; but a large uumber of Italians , Hungarians , Germans , &c , were also present . M . M . Ma 2 zini and Kossath , who were present , were vehemently cheered . The Italian triumvir looked care-worn , but the Hungarian leader , on the contrary seemed to be in excellent health , and not at all depressed in spirits . In speeking he lias greatly advanced in correct accentuation of the English language . The chair was taken by P . A . Taylor , treasurer to the society .

      The Chairman , in opening the proceedings , expressed his gratification at the large attendance . He accepted the fact as an indication that the Society of Friends of Italy was progressng in public opinion , and that the necessity was beginning to be more and more perceived by the English people , if only on selfish grounds , taking more pains to comprehend foreign politics . He afterwards preceeded , in a compact and eloquent speech , to point out the reasons which induced a belief on his part that reaction on the continent , and the apathy in land had reached Its

      Eng nearly limits . Mr . Iebsoit moved a resolution to the following effect : "That considering the great historical recollections associated with the city of Rome ; considering the late nobly-conducted struggle that had been carried on there , and considering further that Rome , tlie centre of Iialian freedom , was at that moment occupied by foreign forces , the meeting were of opinion that a petition from the meeting should be presented to parliament , declaring that this abnormal state of things ought to be abolished . "

      Mr . w . Coningjiam seconded the resolution . M . Maz 2 i . ni then came forward and was , as usual on these occasions verv warmly received . He said—Having only this evening to read to you a petition which the society recommends this meeting and its friends everywhere to adopt I shall prefix only a very few words . Powers of eloquence have never been granted to me ; but even if-they had been I could not have used them on this oi all evenings . And ( he reason is in one word , Every one of you has heard within these three or four days that nine individuals belonging to the popular party of Italy have baen shot in Aneona . That would seem to have been enough ; but I have received to-day and you win probably to-morrow read in

      your newspapers , the further information that 37 were shot the day after those nine had been shot . ( Cries of " Shame , shame . ' ) Before these facts it would be a mockery for me , an Italian , to mak « a long speech . The state of Italy it really sad , and has been realiy sad beyond measure for some time . We havt wholesale butcheries , as you see , in the states of the church , and we have wholesale condemnations ! , not to death , but to the galleys for life or for twenty yeara at Naples . We have wholesale arrests of 100 to 250 persons in Lombardy . Thesi arrests are most likely to lead to condemnations and executions , likethohe a Sinigaglia and at Aneona . It is only two months since one of my persona friends strangled himself with his cravat the first day of his entering a dungeoj

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      November 13 . ] miT 1 . , ~ — — -- — :

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 13, 1852, page 11, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1704/page/11/