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Northern Star (1837-1852), 23rd October 1852, Edition 1 of 2, Page 13, Untitled Article

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      Ibos Paper—A manufacturer in ; TVurtemburg , has invented a mode of - . U-inga surface-coanns to sheet Kon , which enables it to take freel , the mark 3 te P" ^ itU ' tO ^ rauchli S hter . « nd ™ ch less liable to injury ^ ° co mon ^ e . Baron v ^ , n K ! e t , the proprietor of some iron works 5 [ » " - , ' k in Bohemia , Has lately produced sheet iron paper , from which great thin ** [ to te expected . ° se £ i VJ 3 SERABLE PATRIOT . —Died , at Gorey , on Friday , the 1 st inst at Hie w « o > llis daUghter ' "' ^ aftha EaVl ' * J 0 htt Webster , of BaUvrahar , risl . of Kilmichaelogue , and d . ocese of Ferns , at the advanced a * e of 100 year * ' £ « . « . e oldest man in flu . pansh , the last surviving member of the iS , Volunteer * in this part of Ireland , and the father of the numerous and respectable lirytf Stephen Earn , Vsq .-Wexford Independent . res Pe ^ abIe TKos PAPEK .-A ^? . S ^ embui «' ; "" rntr 77 ^ TTi

      Escape of PotrncAL ExiLES—Fourteen of the French political prisoners < ent 1 ) V Louis Kapoleon to Cayenne , lately attempted to escape in a boat . They p oceeded « o the south , hut were driven hack by the leather , and thrown ashore % utc 1 i Guiana , the governor of which had cast them into prison . There was a pea t deal of secrecy observed about this affair in the West Indies , and the atove ^ ere all the particulars that could be obtained . * ^ oistJIEnt of a River Posr ^ .-m consequence of a representation havinS been roade to the Post-master General of the very great inconvenience to ^ passengers and others on board sh , ps at Gravesend were subjected , owinlol non-delivery of letters , &c , a river postman has been appointed whose jutvitwillbetodehver letters , newspapers , &c , that may arrive by po ^ t addl ed to persons on board of vessels in the rivet , off Gvavesend . " '

      The ltfELBODBN £ .-PLYMonTH , Oct . 1 G .-After the accident to this shin on Wednesday , the arhsans from the arsenal were quickly put on board and working niglit and day , were enabled to complete her repairs by Friday ' She started about two o ' clock in the afternoon for her destination , St Vincent Cape of Good Hope , St . George's Sound , Adelaide , Port , Philli p , and Sydney ' taking mails also for Sierra Leone , Natal , Van Diemen ' s Land , and New Zealand . The tow Gazette op Rotterdam states that a bottle has been found jn , he waters of Harlington , and sent to the Dutch consul at London , containing anote with the following words scarcely legible;— « Sir John Franklin lias been found , with fifteen of his crew , in the Arctic regions which has been shipwrecked and two ships buovs Mr . . • hasseeuhiiu . " The note is signed "J . G ., " to which are ' added Hie words , " iu haste . "

      The Yacht America . —Another acceptance of Lord deBlaquiere ' schallan-e lias been made . Lord Londesborough has offered to run a schooner of 180 tons O . M ., just laid down for him by the Messrs . Lymington , of Poole , against the America , upon any course which Lord De Blaquiere may namethe match to be for one thousand guineas , and to be sailed in the month of September next , that being the earliest period , at ^ yhich his vessel can be built aud her proper trim found .

      As Ambassador from Pitcaikxs Islasd . —Among the passengers by ibe Orinoco steamer , which arrived at Southampton on Saturday , from the West Indies , was an inhabitant of Pitcairns Island , celebrated as the residence of the descendants of the mutineers of the Bounty . He was the bearer of dispatches from Admiral Moresby , in the Pacific Ocean , and his object in coming to England is to obtain some assistance for the religious education of the people of Pitcairn ' s Island , and to induce the government to allow English ships of war to visit the island ofterner than they now do .

      CHM 3 TMAS Revels ix Windsor Castle . —We are enabled to state that the Christmas revels of the olden time will be again held at Windsor this yeai , and with a novelty which recalls the time of " the great Eliza . " Queen Vic'oria will open her dramatic campaign with a new poetical-prose comedy of English life , from the pen of Douglas Jerrold . This is a good beginning of the dramatic new year—with an agreeable smack of old days and of a literary court about it . The play will be brought out at the Princess's Theatre on tha night following that on which it is to he prodnced before the Queen and court at Windsor Castle . —AthcnatjUL Shepmeld School of Desigx . —The annual meeting sf the friends of this institution and the distribution of prizes to the pupils took place on Tuesday last at the Music-hall , under the presidency of the Duke of Newcastle . The large hail was well filled .

      At a Meeting ot f the Bath Town Council on Tuesday , it was resolved that in future the public clocks of the city should be . regulated by Greenwich time . Iroh Shipbuilding . —Two new iron ships will be laid down immediately at the Dingle Works , and it is said that Mr . Laird has now in hand orders for iron screw steamers to the extent of 10 , 000 tons . . Foreign Frtjit . —An importation of some cases of pears has taken placefrom Italy by the vessel Vivid , arrived in the river f . 'om Leghorn . The importation of lresh fruits of this nature from Italy is not ' usual among the supplies from abroad , and the arrival is theretore of some interest .

      The New Line of Screw Steamers about to be started by the Cunard Company to run from Liverpool to Chajrres via New York has just been advertised . The fleet is to consist of six vessels , each of from 1 , 500 to 2 , 000 tons burileii , and between S 00 and 400 horses power , and the names are to be the " Andes , " the "Alps , " the " Taurus , " the "Etna , " the "Jura . " and the "Caucasus . " Two or thr-je of them are already launched , and the first is to sail on the 8 th of December next . Alleged Safet * of Sir John Franklin ' s Vessels . —The follow ing brief announcement appears in th « "San Francico Herald" of August 21 , received tin ' s morning , under a letter from its correspondent at Monteret , dated August 19 , 1852 . We fear there is no foundation , however , for the report , which is too good new * , to be true . " We learn that the English dtcovery ships , Erebus' and ' Terror , ' have arrived at Santa Barbara , with many of the crews down with tha scurvy . "—Standard of Monday .

      A Veritable Miser . —Died at Bellaghy , on the 1 st instant , Rachel H'Cartney , aged sixty-seven . ^ Through wretchedly pennvious habits she nvenaged to save a considerable sum of money . A short time before her death she swallowed fifty notes of £ l . each , and also some sovereigns . Rarely has there been such an instance of the auri sacra fames , or of "the ruling passion strong in death . ' ' In her wretched pallet and on her person were found , after death , large sums of money .

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      OUR PEN AND INK PORTRAIT GALLERY ;;

      ABD-EL-KA . DER . Abd-el-Kader , the " slave of the Most High , " was born in ISfiS in 1 = S : SES 5 of antiquity , cried out , " Behold the child aimouiced by the Ho y men . Hakem-Cherera , behold him whom you expected" » 153 ? *!?!» as CCTasshe Imsiasticfe the

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      Mahi Edlf £ hl \ I " > i ad fe i ? «» ambitious projects of SSiii t ? ' ° ' throwoff suspicion , proclaimed . a pilkma-e to AhS ? i ' * f ° rt ° nly eXcited umbra S ^ ^ unusuanuxSry . Abd-e UKader wen t-to defend his aged father before the Bev . ™ % Allah , » he said to Hassan ,. » I abjure thoe to give up my father I speak m the name of the tribe of the Hakem-cW . lto £ ' tJ § 1 A A \ ° f ° innocence of Mahi-Eddin ! " The child then prol Sm nf vtTT ™' ' m « cMocce 8 s that , upon therecommei darf ti ? * , f , lmSe 1 ^' Bey Of Tanis P laced a bri ^ ^ the orders ftt the lather and son for their pilgrimage to Mecca by Alexandria . I was in that city where he beheld the reforms of Mehemit Ali , and above all at Bagdad , at the foot of the tomb of one of his ancestors a tamous marabout , that the young man conceived the idea of reviving Arabian nationality in Mount Atlas . After the fall of the Turkish authority in Africa in 1830 , the family of Abd-el-Kader was suddenly called on to play an important part . After the capture of Oran by the French the Arabs of the

      Western province fell into deplorable anarchy , hi order to rally them under a common banner , Mahi-Eddiu preached a Holy War aud at his voice several thousands of the inhabitants of the soil united under the walls of Oran to attack the French garrison . Abd-el-Kader distinguished himself in the first ranks of the assailants , and had a horse killed under him . Soon afterwards , the tribes , weary of the divisions which the absence of all other authority created amon * them , had recourse to the experience of the old Marabout . A

      general assembly Avas held in the plains of Eghres , which surround Mascara , and it was here that Mahi-Eddin , making use of his ascendancy , and upon the strength of certain prophecies made for the occasion , proposed his son for the choice of his fellow-countrymen . The young warrior , who had already made himself known by his knowledge , piety , intelligence , and bravery , was accepted without discussion , and proclaimed Sultan amidst the acclamations of an enthusiastic multitude . This took place at the end of the year 1832 , and when Abd-el-Kader was between twenty-three and twenty-foui years of age .

      The first care of the new Emir of tho Faithful was to organize the country it its political , military , and financial relations . His measures displayed a ripened spirit , and a rare aptitude for the Government of a ^ Mussulman community . Abd-el-Kader then directed an expedition against some tribes which had not recognised his authority , and in a few days the populations of the Mirra and the Cheliff were subdued and paid tribute .

      From the commencement of General Pesmichel ' s command at Oran , the French troops found themselves engaged with Abd-el-Kader under the walls of Mostaganem ; next , on the 28 th May , 1833 , around the blockhouse of Orleans , in this last affair ; the intrepid Sultan was seen to precipitate himself ,- ' headforemost , into the thick of the fight , to rescue from the French cavaliers the body of one of his nephews , whieh none of the Arabs dared carry off . Numerous combats / in which the young Emir took part , stained the environs of Oran :. but successive defeats and severe losses taught the Arabs and their chief \ he necessity of peace . It was proposed by Abd-el-Kader , and accepted by the French Government .

      In this treaty , Abd-el-Kader was recognised as the "Emir-el-Moumenin" —that is , Prince of the Faithful , and numerous advantages were conceded him , which suggested to him the idea of winning the authority that is attached to the title of Sultan . He would suffer no rival power near him , and set to work to free his path of all the obstacles which he might encounter in it . He began

      by subduing the chiefs of the neighbouring tribes , and benefiting by the instructions of some French officers who had been sent on a mission to him , and by the presence of some French deserters , he formed a nucleus of disciplined troops , and soon had a thousand regular infantry , well armed and sufficiently warlike . It was at this period that he extended his authority over the capital of the Tittery and Milianah .

      Circumstances which have never been well explained having broken the peace with the French , General Trezel found himself , in June , 1835 , in the presence of the Emir . The bloody combat of the forest of Muley-Ismail was followed by die terrible day of the Macla , in which the French arms received a severe check . This was avenged by the expedition of Mascara . During the march of Marshal Clauzel upon the Arab capital , the tribes , seized with a panic terror , abandoned their chief , who saw himself obliged to give

      up his plan of resistance . Alone—wandering , like a vanquished lion , round his burning capital—his heart fuil of rage and grief—he sadly sought the retreat where he had left his family . He found his wife , his mother—all that' belonged to him , plunged in grief : they had been plundered by the Arabs—his own followers . At this spectacle , the Emir felt his courage fail him , and . he was tempted at that moment to abandon the wretches who , not satisfied with flying from the banners of Islamism at the approach of the Christian , had outraged him — their Sultan—in those whom he held

      most dear . But the voice of patriotism , and the faithful support of the Hachems , recalled him to his duty and renewed his energy , for a moment cast down . He mounted on horseback , and , accompanied by a little band of cavaliers , he pursued the French army , which was retiring ; he attached himself to it , ' threatening it from a distance , and thus protesting , in the name of Mussehnan Algeria , against the stain which the" infidel-had cast upon the sanctuary of his power- ¦ '

      . , ,.. . . Upon returning , he found himself in the most perfect destitution : there only remained to him a wretched little tent , in rags , which he was obliged to pitch himself . In the pillage of his goods , one of his lieutenants had seized ' his parasol of command ; another had the audacity to tear liis spurs from his feet . If he did not die from hunger during the time he passed at Argoub-Ismail , it was owing to

      the devotion of the kaid El-Boukari , who took care to provide him with food . Little by little , however , the cowardice which had urged the Arabs to such base acts was replaced by remor . se ; they came and cast themselves at the feet of Abd-el-Kader , who pardoned them ; aud this politic generosity recalled around him those who would not have dared to face his anger . Fortune once more smiled upon him ; he had compelled its favours .

      Tlemcen had just been occupied by the French troops and the army of Marshal Clauzel was exploring the route of the Tafna . On the 26 th , 1836 , the Emir resolutely barred . the road , upon the borders of the Isser . After several sanguinary- combats , the marshal fell

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      | varmS « S " , ' WhlC J made lhe Arabs believe that he had be ™ yanquifclied . The iame of Abd-el-Kader was increased greatly by w ™! l * Kabyles , ofthe mountains bordering on Morocco from nth AnTl Z ° n obe u ience and fidelityto him - Defeated on the ihl o-l t i EUGaser by General d ' Arlauges , he took his revenge on ft ! 3 ^ n ° v thesaxr l jnonth at Sidi-Yacoub , and maintained round pi « S ? rS ° fTafna 8 ° stdct a blockade that reinforcements were obliged to be sent from France , under General Bugeaud , to deyer the imprisoned garrison . It was also necessary at the same time to deliver the commander Cavaignac . who , shut u in the d A ° Tl ? e l had sus ^ ned heroically during several months

      TIT > 7 tli 2 Q «? and hi 8 kRlift - B « t the victory of the Sikkak Isnp / n ^ fc ) ' ? ° , J the brUlianC ' V Of tlle FrenCl 1 a ™ » d vped out the a am of the defeat at Sidi-Yacoub . After this battle , wir ^ Ktr aVelyex ? f edlusperson ' Abd-el-K ^ ollce m ore saw h ? i ^ b ! thin around hlm » a » d was almost alone , as after the taking of Mascara . It was no easy task to reorganise his scattered forces ^ yet he succeeded in doingso , and was in a condition to resist General Letang , whilst , on the other side , he reduced to obedience severali unsubdued tribes .

      The peace of the 30 th May , 1837 , was a triumph for the Emir , as had been the treaty ot Deamichels . Abd-el-Kader was again reeo * . msed Prince of the Believers . The French abandoned to him the two provinces so long contested , only reserving some isolated spots . I hey restored to him upon conditions Tlemcen and the camp of the lafna , with all his authority ; they delivered to him their allies the Uouairs and all their territory ; and by particular stipulations they engaged to give him arms and ammunition . In short , the treaty was altogether in favour of the Emir , whose hauehty disdain in presence of General Bugeaud , and the humiliation suffered by the trench negotiator , is still remembered .

      The leisure of peace was employed by Abd-el-Kader in several ! expeditions against lukewarm populations , and in the consolidation , ' of his political power . The war which broke out at the end of 1 S 39 » iound him infinitely stronger than ever . He had then to oppose to the French 7 , 000 or 8 , 000 regular infantry , 1 , 800 disciplined cavalry , 12 , 600 horsemen of the tribes , and 6 , 000 or 7 , 000 Kabylos . However brave lhe efforts of the French , they were obliged to make vigorous efforts to put down an adversary so intrepid and pertinacious , lhe campaigns of 1810 and 1841 , which had for their theatre the

      summits ot Mount Atlas , were murderous for both armies . The capture ot the ' lhemiah of Mouzara , the frequent combats in the wood of the Olives , the frequent and difficult provisionings of Medeah and of Milianah , taught the French generals that the war in Algeria was become serious . The destruction of Tagdempt , the definite occupation of Mascara by General Lamoriciere , that of Tlemcen by Genera * Bedeau , the submission of the tribes of the Ouanseris , due to General Changarnier—iu short , the numerous combats , all to the advantageof the French , and the dispersion of the populations that resisted , reduced the Emir to the last extremity , and obliged him to seek & retreat in , Morocco . ¦

      At first he only met with desertion and wretchedness in his exile-Reduced , to find food ibr himself and followers , to sell his wife's jewels , he awaited with a resignation truly Musselman until Tmvidence should send him better days . And , in fact , new prosper soon began to open to his ambition . An active propagandise collected around him numerous partizans , subjects of the Emperor . By degrees hd succeeded in drawing that monarch into a contest with France .

      A year after the French victories at Isly and Mogadore the indomitable Emir again agitated the whole of Algeria , and re-aprpeared in a menacing attitude at the summit of the mountains o . C Truras . Wounded in the engagement of Sidi-Brahim , he proceeded , nevertheless , to execute the plan which he had conceived . He traversed the whole of the southern frontier of the provinces of Oran and Algeria—penetrated into the Great Kabylee—appeared at tho very gates of Algiers , and effected his retreat by the Sahara—a daring expedition , which exhausted the moving columns of the French army , aud compelled Marshal Bngeaud to pronounce Abdel-Kader " untakeable . " The result of this expedition was the emigration to Morocco of several thousand Algerian families .

      It was now that the views of the Emir began to disclose themselves more clearly . Weakened by his defeats , compromised in the eyes of his subjects by his alliance with a Christian people , the Emperor of Morocco appeared to him ill able to make head against an aggression which would have for its object the rehabilitation of the outraged Miisselman faith , and for its true end the elevation of the son of Mahi-Eddin to the throne of Maghzeb . An unexpected denouement closed the drama , and , owing to the treachery of the Moors , the " untakeable " Emir became the prisoner of the French . Reduced to the last extremities , he surrendered himself and family , together with a few devoted followers , to General Lamoriciere and

      the Duke d'Aumale ( son of Louis Philippe ) , both of whoiru solemnly engaged not to hold the chieftain captive , but to allow hint ! to retire to ) Egypt , or some other part of the Turkish dominions . On being presented to the Duke d ' Aumale , Abd-el-Kader said - " I have waited for the hour marked by God for this surrender tt > the decree of fate . The general has pfedged me his word , which I rely upon . I do not fear to see it broken by the son of a great king , such as the King of the French . I ask his aman for my family and for _ myself . " The Duke then confirmed in a fewwords , at once simple and concise , the promise of General Lamoriciere . How shamefully that solemn promise was violated by the French Government the Emir ' s many years of captivity testifies .

      The particulars connected with his liberation by order of Bonaparte will be found in the letter of our Paris Correspondent . A writer , describing Abd-el-Kader at the time of his surrender to the French , thus pictured him : " Abd-el-Kader is distinguished by features at once simple , noble , grave , and charming , llis face is ? melancholy and thoughtful ; his hands of the greatest beauty hU feet small ; his stature short , but well-made . To the possession ot an attractive form , and the double title of Marabout and warrior the Emir joins the qualities of the sage and the poet . His friend ^

      tell us that when he mounts his black courser he appears as modest as a young child , and half covers his face-which , however dous ; not prevent ihem from comparing his vigour to that of the lion * That Arabian poetry of the present day repeats to us that the mind of tha knur is more vast than the sea—thai he is the wisest of the wisethe sage of the Marabouts ; and that the greatest writers bend' before his genms-thata letter addressed to him never remains an hour without reply , and that he always makes u ^ e of the most beautiful and the purest expressions . "

      Another writer says " Abd-el-Kader ' s dress is distinguished by the most studied simplicity ; there is not a vestige of gold or embroidery on any part of it . He wears a shirt of very fine linen . Over tho shirt is ahaick , and over the haick two white bernouses ; the uppermost garment is a black bernouse . He wears no arms in his girdle . " " He is said to be a most tender husband . His wife , whether his . only or his favourite wife , we cannot say , lias been described as , being , some years ago , very pretty , and of a tall , slender figure . " When Abd-el-Kader discourses on religion , " says one of his poets , "he makes the soul weep that never wept before . " The verses of Abd-el-Kader are known under- the tents and the

      roofs ot Africa : more than one horseman sings them to drive away the ennui of his long journey , in which often leagues are passed without a tree being met with . . ... ""¦;

      Untitled Article

      FUNERAL OF THE DUKE OP WELLINGTON . We believe that the following programme of proceedings at the funeral of the Duke of Wellington will p rove to be in the main correct . Th . e remains of the Duke will Temain at Waliner until four days before the funeral ,, which will take p lace between the 17 th and 19 th of November . They will then be removed ' to . Chelsea Hospital , where the body will lie in state for three days , and on the evening before the solemnity it will be removed to the Horse Guards . On the morning of lhe funeral , the funeral cortege vy ill be formed at the Horse Guards , and will proceed by Charing

      ^ ross , the Strand , Fleet-street , and Ludg » te-hill , to St . Pauls . Six regiments of Infantry , eight sqnadrons of cavalry , and 17 guns , will take part in the procession , that being the number of troops to which the Duke was entitled by his rank in the army . A body of Marines will also form part of the cortege , which will be headed by 83 veterans from Chelsea Hospital , who shared in the Duke ' s campaigns , the number of 83 representing the years to which he had att ained . We have also reason to believe that the Field-Marshal ' s baton of the deceased Duke will be borne on the occasion by the Marquis of Anglesey , his companion in arms ; and that representatives from tnose ' foreign Sovereigns in whose armies his Grace We the rank of Field Marshal will assist at the solemnity , each

      hearing the baton of the deceased . With a view or diminishing as much as possible the delay from a long file of carriages , it is intended to make the procession as much as possible a walking one , !» id to dispense , as far as consistent with the solemnity of the ° ccasion , with an unnecessary train of vehicles . It is also hoped that the City will , on this occasion , consent to waive its claim to precedence , and that " the Lord Mayor , after meeting the cortege at Temp le-bar , will fall into the procession after the Prince Consort . Finall y , it is not intended to line the streets through which lhe procession will pass with military . The guardianshi p of the thoroughfares being left to the police .

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      ft"" * — nimi h iiib . 1 urt ^ ttt •—— = - — - ^ ' ' ..

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 23, 1852, page 13, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1701/page/13/