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Northern Star (1837-1852), 29th May 1852, Edition 1 of 2, Page 4, Untitled Article

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    • THE STAB OF FREEDOM SATURDAY, MAY 39, 1833.
    • ©o ©GrospttUfltta. *ra ffnrrwmmfllMitt.
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      Untitled Article

      Ifo . YL—Mb . Duxcombe axd the Chaster . TO THE EDITOR OF THE STAtt 0 ? TKEEDOM . Sik , — In my letters for Working Men—by which I mean men who work , be they of the handicraft class or not , I shall not care to turn aside from the course I chalk ont for myself to notice such observations as may be provokid by my opinions , or the manner of their expression , unless such observations seem tome called forth by some misconception of my meaning , or that they bear directly upon the points I undertake to argne . I ilud two such matters wortli notice in

      LETTERS FOE WORKING "MEN . TETTERS FOE WORKING * IEN .

      the ? Star' of last week . The one is Mr . Rogers ' letter , the other in the article by « L'Ami du Peuple . ' Mr . Rogers has quite misunderstood me , if he thinks I would depreciate oar good friend Mr . Buncombe . I thought that speaking ef him so would have prevented any misapprehension , I yield to no man in respect for the service rendered by Mr . Buncombe to the People ' s Cause . Frank , chivalrous , honest , indomitable , untiring , —I know not if we ever had his fellow . It has always been enough for Mm to inow that a wrong needed redress , and his generous and constant service was ensured ; or that a right needed advocacy , and he was the prompt , unhired , and fearless advocate . I had too much to do with Mm in his

      exposure of the rascally government spy system at the Post Office ( of which 1 will shortly have to spoak , since I see the Austrian tool 3 Sir James Graham , is already prophecied of as one of the ' coming men ' ) nottobe well aware of the deep debt of gratitude which "we owe iiim so for as that question was concerned ; and as regards the Charter , its history can never be fairly written without placing in the foreground the Chartist Member of Parliament , Thomas Slingsb y Duncombe . But my unreserved admiration for his steady adherence to our cause , —my perfect faith in his high integrity , do not , and may not , prevent me

      from criticising bis propositions , a » d speaking of them what I deem the truth . I think then tha ° his proposition of a nevr Charter is unwise ; and his stipulation of residence , even for six months , quite enough to damn it , even if it was wiser . Surely we have not forgotten the old terms of hirin g country servants , for so many weeks , in order that they might not get a parish settlement . Surel y the case " of Moltou in Yorkshire is sufficient in point—Molten , ruined by Free Trading , Lord Ettzwiliiam , who raised all his rents—the rents of the whole town , because his candidate was opposed . Without leases '

      • what masses of workmen would be sure of their six months' residencein a given district , wheuoncetheirpoliticalteudencieswereknovm ^ And if you beat down , our argument of the mischievous abuse of this residential , of any residential qualification , by showing that it would not be a disenfranchising enactment , then we have a fair right to rejoin . * For what purpose do you lave it V It should be required of the proposers of all these residential , and rateable , and other disqualifications , to show us very satisfactorily what numbers and what classes would be effected by them . Till

      they do this , and very exactly , we are bouud to be suspicious of the schemes ( no matter who the schemers : honest men often ignorantly propose dishonest plans ) and to reject them on the ground that not rate and residence , and such like , k the reason why a man should be enfranchised , but for the satisfaction of his natural right to perform all the duties of manhood . It lies on those who would deprive any of this right to show why ; and it lies on them who propose grounds of deprivation , to show how many would be thereby effected . I look on all these things as dodges j and when , as in the present case , I find a man of

      undoubted honesty proposing one , I simply say he does not see the bearing of it . I turn from Mr . Duncombe to my other friendly opponent . VAmi du Pevple * cannot tell what is to be gained by the adoption of the proposition of Spartacus to go for Manhood Suffrage only , sinking all details . What is to be gained is an access of numbers to the cause , and that from the very class most able to help the cause—the intelligent and well-principled portion of the middle class—the clase that has political power . What is to be gained by it is the chance of carrying then our one point , with such assistance . Without that

      assistance the working class , which will not fight , and which has no constitutional means of oct . on , cannot carry even that one poin *; no , not though they utterly zeformed their conduct , and foreswore all their past errors except this one , —thisone , whichhaslain at the root of all Chartist failure , though being satisfied ¦ with a class movement , and that a peaceable movement , of the class which has no power except in then- strong hands . Do not mistake" me to be lamenting the abstinence from insurrection . We had no means of turning that to accouut , and would have failed that way too . Neither do I recommend insurrection now ; I recommend the other course—the only course reall y open to ns—that of making our movement national . It is well to blame others for

      the stupid folly which will refuse the aid of the middle class' even for the Charter ; ' but on a smaller scale , and in a quieter way , we follow the same folly , when we insist on that which a long course of years and experiments shows ns to be equivalent 0 refusing their aid . The middle class will not become Lliartiats . I , myself , would not become so now , if I ¦ was just about to join a movement . Chartism ( however perfect the enactments of the Charter ) is the name of a class movement ; mid oae class no more than another has the right to dictate what a national movement shall be . It should be subject of a < n-eeawait , not of dictation , under any circumstances put when we know tl at our terms will be refused , ? s is not something akin to asking a rejection to insist tnem

      apon < Ana farther , in every matter of agreement , the fewer the heads or details the more likely the agreement . Resolutions , at public meetings or eisewere , which aim at combining numbers bv even What is called the compromise of patting in something to plesse all , always fail in their object If you have two heads , you throw off all who a < ree with only one of those heads , and retain onlv those vho agree with the combination . Have three heads your chances of agreement are eo much worse . How M it possible to be otherwise ? WLat ia to be rained therefore by holdiu ? to simply the Princi ples of the Charter and abandoning , for the present the name and details ?

      Is the greatest postihlo number of adherents tobe the main objoct of our wishes ? On-e settle that point , and it will be easy to learn what otter points can be added to the bond of agreement without ttomach wakening w loosening that bond What is to be gained by this is , therefore , M the ° Z ^ % ? i - ? J ^ ™* d- / fc eLni of Success . « L Ami du Peu-, ie' mvst forgive me for not flunking much of Uw danger of unsettling 'all that has been determined , not merel y by ChaF&t localities , bat by tiieeuli gi , teii « l conclusions of wise and faithful reformers / Th « actual determination at which Cha-tist laities have : i 3 Tired , is * onlv the nonpayment of a rift , ofivUand the inaUlity to main tarn

      . even hepo * ,- « sbadow Of organisation . It is by no m * u , 8 v , U-a 3 HI ) t l ( i hav * comhmullv to be crymgom _ that the dead should be removed out of the 2 i / tL ! g ; bnt wbat else c : ' » » n « *» when the pubucthor . u ! 1 t , re 58 Sl , e » ntinu .-JI , blocked up ? SdTwm nfe 1 n < ; liart * m , events all other She ^ i * ' n " - ° Wi " " ^ to ^ nd tofi s Cll * rri * - » . •*»** they tell me is not moTanf 6 r Dits ! ^ ag ^ ? And not any mT « f S '! " *• ' *!•¦ •* «« & «« . « hen , of talk-£ ? I aiS | St •; - ealltk ' ? -w »« yk <* p « P the deluaiw i \ - -, ' , llat withi " "' > ' »> fl-8 of London areiocal , ues-. v . U .-, gMof «« n « 2 . 000 » . uls , with yet , alter all our lab-uire , »* ten nominal Chartists there ! x Know m »« iiu } a «; ariH 2 wiwus . with their

      tensofthon-8 MuU .. f Inha-. it 8 KK , and not ten Chartists banded togeth , r « v , u 1 ;; e . And I know a « w . than one of our agricultural Antics iu * vhMi , * , «»« « f all « nr ton y «« ..., « ,., ! :. v nna so ; , I ( :, lv U , | I yi > a w | , „ CllurUst is . \\ h hnr ^ il ,,, b ^ i ! , ' over „»»!„ : and therefore w « -mrty . a' ^ ii jc-uihj . od » * , Lw < r fi , titl , r _ p ,, H a Wuer oiu , „ || l > Y , , . AllJ A , . the ^ onc ! u 8 ion 8 ^ " "" ^^ ' ^ I * « uU ccmclndeby cr-,.. ^ ' )' " " "' " Wigo uli ' ^ - i ! lA 5 i m ^ « r is DemonJ . l" bl' - tr := « liU » n al ? Vvn * I find no stancher Cons " t - '" - "' »« .-ij !> i aim no siancuer

      r tic Oi , : ? s ;! : , : iIiain ; »? - ' >" . vtn , ] Hl 8 theOemoera . " ut 6 ; ; ; ' - Wil" wil 1 h ^ ^ ** » «« neor the mii » t ^* ; : . ? . yT :. ryof U , em . lL That uhich c « un . f ,, rti [ i '"" llvl 1 - ' ^ ' ^ g ' - -n-l an-l true men should by-.. VMi ; P ! , V ;; . ^< ' »> -fuHr ' , . ve can get them uotbiui Hi ,. < v *• . ' «« ojprinci ple . I say not—care *« . ' ¦ - •» - «« W « S «? . ^ y them be BuLject enlivhtnwd ^ .. ^ , T *' . »¦ anf 5 foitbful reformers , Cple . - " ^ mbine uroB . » he repeal r \ n' ¦ Spaiixacos .

      Untitled Article

      T . P . Gbees is thanked for his encouraging letter . liv . SKELTuN ' s "Medical Adviser " advertised in last week ' s " Star of Freedom , " i 3 published at One t ' enuy , and not at a shilling , as announced The Usfdgees . —Among the Polish exiles who were recently expelled from SepaWican France , for being Republicans , is a veterinary su ^ eon . who completed his studies in the celebrated T etennarj / School of Ah ' o > I , near Paris . Besides a perfect knowledge of the art o « treating the different maladies peculiar to ail ammals , ii « is also versed in the s-tuffiDg of qaadvupeds and birds , m which -havingstudied zootomy-heexcels . We give insertion to these few lines thinking that sorce of our readers might be in want ot sushHn assistance . An act of philanthropy would ftt the same Furtbec informa

      time bs psrformed by givins him emplojinent . - tion can bo acquired of Mr . Krynski , French shoemaker , 10 , Crawforii-street , Baker-Btrcet , Xew Toafl ( London . WEhaveno room for "Old John . " , . . a , P . G ., Ediniiu ^ h .-We are so overwhelmed with matter that we are Tinable atpresentto give insertion' 0 the Ciimmumcation wliicn , however , shall have publicity at the earliest opportunity . 1 W We should be glad to hear from Henry Cvoucher , Vfho lived , some years since , at . Messrs . Swau and Edgar ' s , Begentstreet , tonilon , should he chance to see this notice . Weave informed by a Correspondent that ths " Boy Jones has bi-en at UucVmgham ralaceagain . TbesamewiiterSURgeststhat a certain principle of " reciprociQ '" means a mutual TAK&w / The Lord preserve ns from " Punsters !" J . Siu . VDEKs , XewRadford , received . Mb . Hassaed . —liecdved . Thanks .

      Untitled Article

      " AIL JIES ABE BHEinRES , " £ L SOIREE , consisting of a TEA PAHTY AND PUBLIC MEETIKG , IN HONOUR OF

      "THE STAR OF FRBfiDOM , " "Willaalie'd in the Literary and Scientific Institution , John-street , Tottenlmiu-couvt-road , ou Tuesday evening , June the 8 th , 185-. The following fiiends to political and social reform will attend and take part in the proceedings : —Louis Blanc , Robert Le Blmid , Walter Cooper , G . Julian llarnty , Samuel il . Kydd , Gerald Slassey , D . W . llu % , andJoha lettie . T . S . Buncombe , Esq ., M . P ., Thornton Hunt , G . J . Holyoake , :. ; nd others , are also invited , and expected to attend . Tea on ta ' ole at half-past six o ' ebek precisely ; and tho putlic m < eting to commence at eight o ' clock . Admission to the Tea and Public Meeting , 9 d each . To Public ilettir-g onlj , Gallery , 3 d ., Hall , 2 a .

      Tickets may be had of J ohn Shaw , 24 , Gloscester-street , Commercial road , East ; Jolm Mathias , 80 , Broad street , Katcliff ; Win , Br :-field , Globe House , ilile end-road ; A , E . Delaturce , 10 , Northsquare , Portland-place , Globe-road , Mile-end ; Mr . Kell , White Ilorse . Hare-street , Bethnal-grecn ; Wm . Travers , 17 , Margaretplace , Hackney ; C . T ? . Sicbols , 10 , Great Winenesttr-strcet , City ; John Washington . 1 S 6 , GoUen-tane , Barliican ; George Taylor , 1 G 3 , Goswell-sireet ; John Be 2 ° r , 183 , Fleet-street ; Henry Holyo . tke , 3 , Qae-n ' s Head-passage , Paternosjer-row ; James Graesby , 96 , Ke » ent-street , l . ambetU ; John Milne , 1 , UnUm-ftreet , BcrUeleysquare ; Isaac Wilson , 7 , Sheffield-street , Clare-market ; Rub--r ( Varks , 52 , Little Windmill-street , Haymarket ; D . W .-ltuffy , Vi , Tottenham-court , Sew road ; John Arnott , 11 , Middlesex-place , Somcrs Town ; and Edward Trueiove , at the Institution . S . B . —The proceeds will be givea to the Kefogee Fosd .

      Untitled Article

      THE ORGANISATION OF REFORMERS . WHAT DOES IT MEAN , AND HOW IS IT TO BE ACCOMPLISHED ? ON SUNDAY EVENING , May 80 th , at Halfpast Seveno'Clofk , ilv . ( J a . HwioiKE , E 4 \ tot » f tire "Rea si > ner , " will lecture on the above sul ject at the Literary Institution ; John Street , Pitzroy Square . Admission—To the Hall 3 d . . Gallery 3 d . N . B , —The Appolonic Society will perform before and after the Lecture .

      Untitled Article

      Notice . In the " Star of Freedom , " of Satu- < 3 ry next , will be Published , A SMASH FOR THE SMASHERS . THE OLDEN SPIRIT AND THE OLDEN POWER .

      'It is mournful to hear our young men talk , says a morning contemporary . It is , indeed , mournful . Puerile ideas seem to be the only ones by which their minds are capaWe of oeing impressed . All lofty and manly thoughts are far above the mental capacity of the majority of them , and should their attention be directed to such , they seem to consider them matters with which they have not any capability for interference , or profess any interest in . How widely does the present youth of the nation differ

      irom that of the olden time ! Even the best educated ate becoming little better than absolutely foolish , for , in accordance with the modern educational system—a system as fatal as it is absurd—the mind is attempted to be forcibl y developed , while the body is left uncared for—or , rather , it is too much cared for , wrapped up as it is , and shaded from even the gentle breezes of spring , as if the insensate parents and so-called ' educators' would outlaw nature , contradict her laws , and change all the causes of health and disease .

      We would rather see again the happier days of our forefathers , than these days of degeneracy , disease , anil death . If men did then possess less intellect , they were endowed with vigorous and healthy frames , and noble and manly feelings ; and although , in their ignorance , they submitted to kingly and priestly tyranny , they did not do so from any feeling of cowardice , or inability tork-ht themselves ; but because the double usurpation of fraud and force had been handed

      down to them , time-honoured and unquestioned . Very different are the feelings and the power of the men ef the people of to-day . They have gained enougn intelligence to know their wrongs and to hate and execrate the tyrannies under which they are crushed , and which have none of the hallowing associations of those of 6 M . But they have altogether lost that physical power nece 83 ary to enforce the decrees of justice , and they have moreover been deprived of arms , and of a knowledge of their use . ' Sach

      are the insidious cancers that are eating away the heart of the nation . Such are the evils that are undermining the foundations of our national greatness , and hastening the fall of our national power and glory . They are two-fold , the radically bad system of education , or , say rather , compression ; for it is not really education , but the dwarfing of-the mind and bod y of the future man , and that execrable social state , which has deprived the masses of the people of the many holidays they once enjoyed , of pure air , and of healthy exercises and amusements ; turned , in fact those who should have been men , into wizen-faced , weak , and listless toiling machines .

      A a regards the first , consistently with the very liberal , but not very ennobling « principle' of laissez alkr , the education of the young has been left to paternal stupidity and incompetence , notwithstanding that every page of history is a distinct demonstration of the great truth , that the education of the nation's children can be efficiently performed only by the nation itself . If that was a faulty system which followed the fall of the Lower Empire , giving to the body all the Btrength and powers of endurance of which it was capable , while , the mental powers were allowed to he dormant , that which succeeded it—the

      attempt to educate the mind alone—was not merely faulty , but was absurd and impossible . If the body be weakened , or its forces allowed to remain undeveloped , it will not be long before i t pulls down the mind to the level of its own condition . The onlv possible method of raising m intelligent and physically vigorous people , is b y an education which shall develop all the powers of the individual—those of tlw body , as well as those of the mind . Military training , forming part of such a system , we should have constantly raised a body of true Militia an army of enlightened and stout-limbed citizens soldiers ever ready to be the nation ' s defenders against internal and external tvrants .

      Yet small wouloV te the benefit to Bociety if our youth , thus trained , were to be drafted from the Nafaonal Schools into the pestilential factory and workshop ; and this brings us to the second part of onr inquiry . , s The martial spiri t of the people is degenerating , as their physical powers become enfeebled , by overtoil and confinemen t in the deadl y atmosphere of the places in which they are pent up ; and if the causes continue , the effect will increase until we become a nation of women , at the disposal of onr guard of . - ¦ - — r """ *** ***** kiacaau \ r * hired he

      assassms r at the feet of some foreign conqueror . For thiS there can be no remedy , nntil we abolish the cause . Let us have comfort and healthy exercise for the now pining overworked toilers , and we shall soon awake in them the old English spirit , winch will be the best of all National Defences . « - iSv ^• , 7 , mnBt havi } something more than any Mihba Bill that comes from our incapable and short-sighted rulers , whose measure will but take afe ^ y of the workers from their industrial dungeons for a week or two in the summer , then return them to be weakened and murdered as before . « Men must hate sports , says tne « Daily News . ' ' Let ns make oar

      own muster on encket-gronnds . Let us have wrestlmg-matches for our exerci 8 es . Let ns have footraces and leapmg matches , as our preparation for matehes . Let us set up our targets , and see how nicely we can pick out the bull ' s eyes . Let oar wiinmeTB seek out tta strongest sire £ mB t and show how valiantly they can charge the enemy , and cast mm off from their broad breasts .

      Untitled Article

      We are sometimes inclined to think , that those of us who may live ou for some thirty or forty years , on looking back , may say , * Well , there has been some Progress in our time , but it has been so slow as to be almost imperceptible ! ' How often have we teemed to be on the verge of that great day which onr firm faith assures us shall yet arise . Again and again have we thought the time had come of which the Prophets and Poets have lore told and sung , for which the Apostles of Progress have toiled and suffered , and for which the countless host of Martyrs have welcomed death with calm front and smiling soul , glad even to climb the scaffold , and strain their

      POPU LAR PROGRESS . '

      weary eyes upon the thick mi 3 ts of ages , to catch one luminous glimpse of the , coming glory , befofe they laid down their noble heads , with the scaffold-block for their last pillow , and bade a . thankless world farewell . . How often have we thought that this day of emancipation for the suffering , plundered poor , had at length arrived ; and thenj _ how bitterly have our hopes been dashed to the ground—how craelly have we been deceived . The tide of re-action has set in ; and our little schemes have been swept away by its destructive might , and our very footprints have been washed out from tho shore and sand of time ! Yet , iu spite of these things , there is Progress withal

      Doubtless , we are too sanguine , and build too largely on expectation , forgetting that a few years , which is much in the life of Man , is but little in the life of Humanity , and little even in the life time of a People . Let us remember that this People , which is now the grand fact of the time , whose very name excites a thousand stirring memories , and a thousand throbbing hopeE , was scarcely whispered about before the French Revolution , save as the Mob . ' Up to that time they wero looked upon somewhat in the spirit of the old French law , which empowered certain nobles , who might return hot and weary from the chase , to embowel two—only two—of their serfs

      that they might bathe and refresh theiv royal &et in the warm entrails ¦ And they were treated something according to this grim and bloody shred of feudal barbarism , and used up for the gratification of their lords . But what a part has this same People played since that Revolution ! The People have come upon the stage of History and the pride of Kings and Princes has withered , and their hearts have perished within them in its majestic presence . There was a time when wo thought a ' Lord' a superior sort of being , made of Nature ' s porcelain , while we were only common clay . We saw him onl y in the gloom of our Ignorance . Now , as we look on our miserable

      imposter-nobles in the light of Knowledge , we see they have not even got a natural crown on their heads , like the common cock that struts at the barndoor ; therefore , we have ceased to hail them as cocks of the world ' s walk any louger . Indeed , we find that their brains do not lio so near to their eyes as our own do , but are mostly at the back of their heads . The workers , as a class , no longer think it right that they should toil and sweat , and drainout their very life's blood , that pimple after pimple may adorn the aristocratic , millocratic , or aldermanic nose , that the palaces of tbe rich may be

      heaped with , princely splendours , and their tables laden with all the fruits and luxuries of the earth , while they , the producers , live scantily , are wretch , edly clothed , and exist in dirty dens , feverous alleys , and a ^ ue-stricken hovels ! The workers ave thinking , and do not drudge on in contented silence , as in times gone by . Where the heart does rmt burst out into bitter wards of rebellion against the present state of things , the scowling brow , set lips , and the clenching lists , will tell what is going on within . The light of knowledge is springing like sunrise in the eyes of the toilers ; a liaht which shall enable

      them to see the incubus which has crushed ! them in the dark so long , and marshalled them for the death grapple with wrong and oppression . They are silently thinking out their revolution , whjch must be thought out before it can be wrought out . They are thinking at the loom , in the field , in the red forge-light , and the murky mine . And , as all institutions are based on ideas , so shall the people ' s institutions inevitably follow the people ' s thinking . Itisin the ignorance which covers the multitude as with a sea of darkness , that tyranny drops its anchor of safety , and maintains itself afloat ; let this i gnorance be removed , and the king-CRAFT , the priest-citAFi and

      the state-CRABT , shall be swept away down the stream of time , by the irresistible and rushing waves of Progress . We are making some progress ; witness the many movements , Socialist , Co-operative , Temperance , Poor-law , and numerous others which are springing into existence arouud us , for the ame horation of the condition of labour and its emancipation .- We are manifesting the greatest progress in our belief , in self-reform , and in our growing reliance on ourselves . We have learned thiit if we w 1 freedom we must win it ourselves . We have learned that a man who is a tyrant in his own heart would be a tyrant stilL thoueh

      the Charter were the law of the land to-morrow . We have learned that men m ; iy be called Democrats , and yet be the veriest slaves and humbugs . We have learned , that if we would carry our cause te victory , it is not sufficient that we rally round men , but round principles , and , if need be , we must cheerfully sacrifice men at the shrino of those principles . We have learned that our greatest of curseBis in the tyranny we exercise over ourselves and that onr governors can afford to laugh at all our brag and bluster , and mock at our impotent struggles

      to obtain Reform , so long as we are content to spend annually in drink more than the cost of the whole imperial taxation , which is now done , as is proved by Government returns . We lia ? e learned in short , that avicioua , tyrannical , Government cun only exist by virtue of the vice and slavishness of the people which it mal-governs . This is much that cannot pass away . This ia something on the roaa of Progress The people are thinking—let us aid them , let it be our duty to supply them with fitting food . There is much to be done in the work of education which has been

      neglected . Let us teach them what to do to win the Charter , and what to do with it when won , rather than be eternally harping upon the one string of self , and what the Charter will do for us . Set the people—the whole people—thinking , and action will follow , us the fruit follows the flower , and Spring follows Winter , and there is-no power on earth can prevent a people —ripe for freedom—from hastening to a swift fulfilment of its glorious destiny .

      Untitled Article

      RUSSIA DOMINANT IN EUROPE . We have long held the opinion that the 'Holy Alliance' of Kings would not for any length of time exist as a fraternal fact with co-equal members ; bnt that all the divisions of the army of absolution would coalesce under the banner of the Czar . Ami so it has come to pass . Every despot aud would-be despot vie with each other in their endeavours to obtain the patronage of the Emperor « f Russia . Through the land of the murdered Blum—thmuirli that Germany , so celebrated for the geiiiuB and the bravery of her children , the assassin of Poland and Hungary , rides in triumph , and iu evM-y town which he visits in the enchained Fatherland of the Our mans , there is some one of her many tyrants kneeling at the feet of the Muscovite , aud owning the Emn .-r . » i of the Russias for hia lord and . muster

      It is patent to the world that Austria , does not even now exist as a great power ; that from the , lay «•!>« . ) the Cossack hordes burst into Hungary to crush th , conquering army of Republican freedom tlu-ve . th « v « was nothing conserved of the once mi « hty Auiiri ^ i Empire but the bare name , and that ft th ' -n became a mere Russian province , and its Neko imifei'itig Emperor ^ nothing more than a lieutenant " of tho Ozab . Aa . Buch he has been treated by Nicholas dnnng the late visit of that crowned briaiuid ' to Vienna , where he accepted with glorious eoiiiieuMi .

      Untitled Article

      sionallthe servile attentions of his imperial vassal ana the miserable , sickly , ' popular , enthusiasm ' ££ && 2 & ai 88 OT 6 iMM ' * ' •» *• -i * Not alone , however , has the ruined and rotten Austran Empire cast itself into the arms of the Archdespot of Northern Prussia , or , rather the King of Prussia has also sunk to the degradation of being the vassal of a foreign power . At a banquet given to Nicholas at Berlin , the royal drunkard and hypocritical knave , Frederick William , pledged his liege lord , and prayed that God might' preserve him 8 io ?^ t h 7 ^^^

      to that portion of tho world which he has given Mihfor an inheritance , and to our epoch , to which he is indispensable . ' The people of Germany would do well to take note of these words , as it is of much importance they be remembered upon tho arrival of the new revolution , when the nation shall again be in possession of power , They will demonstrate the futility of the attempt to transform kings and princes into good and loyal citizens , and to show them that there is no cure for tyranny but extirpation . Here have we the man who in 1848 doffed his hat before the triumphant revolution , and bowed down with

      respect in thepresence of the sovereign people in arms , declaring that the millions of Russia , the Gaucausia , f , and the Pole are the property of this merciless tyrant , bestowed upon him by the Almighty God , to be butchered or brutalisod by him at his pleasure , Can tliere be any hope for humanity while there exist monsters who entertain such atrocious sentiments , and who have not any fear or shame to express such abominable blasphemy . But not only do these royal villains pretend that it is by the will of the Supreme Being that they are seated upon their absolute thrones , and have tho power to scourge and oppress the suffering people ;

      but they actually arrogate to themselves the right to dictate to the whole world ; and to decree that no nation whatsoever shall burst its bonds of slavery , or awake to a life of freedom and progress ; but that tho whole of the human race shall for ever remain crushed under the iron sceptre of brutal aud debasing despotism . It is for no other purpose than that of preparing for a crusade against the last remnants of European liberty , that tho Czar ( who is indispensable to the epoch of Kings ) is marching triumphantly through his extended territories , giving his counsels , and , issuing his commands to his servile and obedient dependents , in Germany . Louis Napoleon has

      toilod in their cause , by slaughtering and oppressing the people , and for this he has received the thanks of the red monarchies of Europe ; but he is too slippery , and not respectable enough to become an adopted son of the Czar—much as he has sought tho honour . Besides , he has reached his blood-stained throne on the back » f the hated Revolution , and cannot appeal to that ' divine right , ' which is to be the tyrants ' only charter . France , therefore , must be restored to the Bourbon ; while the timid constitutionalism of

      Belgium aud Piedmont must he overthrown , and the infamous radicalism' of Switzerland be for ever annihilated by the Polondisation of the land of Tell , When this ' holy' work of' legitimacy' and absolutism shall have been accomplished , the whole continent , bound in the chains of « order , ' and ruled by the Russian despot , through his satellites , it will be time to crush England , and punish her for her sympathy with foreign patriots , and her many other crimes against the curse of European ' law and order . '

      But shall Britain , the certain victim of this conspiracy of the Czar and his serfs , allow them to work out their liberticidal plans without hindrance or molestation ? Shall she not rather fling down the gauntlet to this most unholy alliance , and raise her yet powerful arm in defence of human freedom J . She might do so , if the people , the veritable people , would awake from their apathy , and see it done . If the British nation : would but rouse itself early into action , anil clasp the hand of their American brother , which is now beiiitf stretched out to them so eagerly , they would be invincible , and would be able to hurl the Cossack from his throne , and strike off the fetters which bind the suffering and oppressed nationalities of Europe .

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      COLLIERS : 'KILLING' IN COAL-PITS . TO THE EDITOR OF THE STAR OF FREEDOM . SlR , —It is in our nature , our education , and habits / to reject inquiry intothecausesof human suffering . Each section of society is apt to confine itself to its own specialities , casting it may be an occasional glance at others , hut ever returning in its vitality to its own immediate interests . There is , it is true , much in common among men ; but it is equally true , that certain grades are stamped with the impress of their own vocations , and are at once recognised and recognisable by all . In most cases , the matter ends there .

      The underground portion of the British population , and chief amonj ? those the colliers—are a distinct and separate class , which can only be understood by examining in person , or by direct and authentic evidence , their tastes , habits , associations , manners , customs , labours , dnngers , and rewards . The Colliers of England number many thousands ; and to their industry , in a great degree , our country is indebted for much of her manufacturing greatness . According to Parliamentary evidence , the Colliers enjoy , on an average , relatively , a fair share of the comforts of life . Their food is homely and plentiful , and , since a law was passed to prevent the employment , of women in ci » al mines , their domestic enjoyments have been vastly increased—a fact especially deserving of notice , showing , as it does , that in the end profound humanity is the wisest economy .

      Abo \ , at an early age , enters a coal pit as a trapper , so called from it being his duty to sit in a small cavity in the coal pit for ten or twelve hours , as tiie case may be , and open a trap door when he hears the putter approach with his coal tub . In time , the \ trapper becomes a driver , the driver & putter , the putter u hewer . Tho duty of the driver is , to drive a horse , to which is attached waggons . The putter fills the waggons . The hewer hewa or digs the coal out of the seam . Th <« leading mannger of a coal pit is the viewer

      , whosu ( iiities consist in panning and managing the working of a coal . mine . . " Next in rotation is . the undervifiwer ; whose duties a .-e subordinate to those of his chiuf . Next in rank are the overman and deputy overman , whose duties are to superintend the urac » tical working and safrty of the pit . . All of thvso grades hav . e their share of personal responsibility . The irappcr Loy , by neglecting to shut the . trap door , may-endanger the lives of all tbe persons in the pit . Wu have often heard the

      Colliers in the north complain of the risks to which they were exposed ; h y danger In this respect . Driver , putter , and hewer , may , by inattention , endanger the lives of others ; but the chief cause of coal pit acci-AerAs i » , m many cases , inefficient ventilation . The greater part of the life of a collier is underground : his work to nil not engaged in it must bo esteemed aiiplqnsiint . When above ground the collier associates . with his own order ; and a collier viIUri . presents to the eye of the visitor the abodes of an industrial colony of an exclusive class . The ottages an , small one story buildings ; their furnitur « , in some oases , . for their rank in life , is good , — iu others , indifferent . Th « y invariably burn large ano blitzing fares—the doors of their dwellings being generally ,, pen « hav * mixed much among them , ai

      and tin ve found thftm iifni&tir ... _~ ~ j u ^ - ^ j . < n « ve found them confiding , generous , and hospitattie . lho old practices of dog-fighting and manbglitmg . ire on the decline . Methodism and Chartism iiuvu each oflntTihutad to bring about and accefcrme that improvement . Methodism is the predominant , form of reli gion . So . far as our experience go ™ Ch « n , « n is the ruliug political faith . i h' » . t « Ui « TB compUin of many hardships , and tm ] iie ! ify sulfur grievous injuries , arising from the ovet-ivn uhiiitt ] , i- acti « es of some of their employers

      A « n oviirt . iokers . Strikes are , therefore , of frequt'ii' ocunonce , aud as usual , leave in their wake tiiBttBtnnis conM . q ,, etICM ; . T la 8 fc great ' strike ' w « s iu 1843 w 1844 . We ' were present at many dei < 'jrat . t » siiitl mbur meet ings , and pay a willing tribute of n > sjie F Durham and Northumtitirlniiil . But thus * , ure virtues , which , against the p « w « r uf . united oopiui aro all but powerless . As in ilm - nhyfifc . il condition of the Colliers of the »" r « li . iH'rh , »}« mulling can be more expressive than the > llov ¦! ,, „ quotation " from the appendix to a Parimmuuury H ^ on , published in 1842 . Mr . William | M rr . 8 i . ii , u , inodjcj . attendant of the Lambton C' . il . TH . s , says : — > The outward man distinguishes a pit-iium from every other operative . His stature is diminutive ; his figure mis-shapen and diapropoi

      Untitled Article

      tionate ; his legs much bo ^ eT ^^ : ;^ and greatly developed ; his br 0 W s ** P * S £ ? and the forehead retreats ; the * H ^ M ?' prominent , und the cheek nolW if **? $ cultural labourers , blacksmiths " VeaT * 4 ? he d istressed stocking weaver , t ? S * ' ** & $£ ^ s ^ c . ' ^^ - ^ a ?^ A . *^ 2 ££ Bft ** Z age in appearance is common ; m $ ^ at"r <> 1 forty years may often he t-. l-U f * y-fi »« than they mll / al . . ' £ ^ Zt ^ ^ 1 * geon , Walker Colliery , NorthT ? ' * aih « Hr , it ' They have an aged J ^ ^ JJj £ { ' •* £ In somo parts of England tt » ( £ { $ , £ ' **« £ small in stature and decronif in " aro w Northern CouiS ? . ^ * ^ ' ^ as £ £ rarely to bo mot with . Tho L ? ° ldCo % i Colliers begin work-tho y \^\ « tjj uudergrouml-the painful position they ar 7 *« assume in excavating the coal , som £ P ° rce'U o into an aperture , onlv »? jir L ™ « os crew ^;

      for the contracted motion of thoir „„ , , alIow * 4 tbinr hams , sometimes in ono postu ^ ' 2 ? ^ ° * another iu few instances working upd . 5 ll A n ! « m m a state of nudity , or almost so , S ± - "J » cases to . damp and draughts , subiect to S mma » Y arising therefrom , it 1 . n ^ Z ^ T ^ Morrison never saw a Molly collier' lW-, & . obstacles , some of tho colliers :. re men of S ? the «> muscular power , and many , but for snoK » raU « would have been models of strength . ol ) 8 tac H Every now and again , the heart of England h . i i the news of some fearful coal-pit accident n S , , Ckc ( 1 b ? tragedy , in which human beings in to " f hnrriblfl huiidreds , . are hurried out of Ate ^ i ^ Within thorange of a few days sixtyfemv liv ™ flood at Aberdare ; Uenty-wvenat Pen bnj . fe" * Ilebburn ; thirty-four at Coppul ; in a ! rI tw ° ' * and forty-seven human 0 « W aro « . «?* llUndt < "l aecount-wivos , sisters , moiheii , brother . , J ° . tll 0 'r ? ££ .. £ , S' **; , We have boen oy ^ tS ^

      sequel of a coal-pit accident . Women S 5 « tho streaming eyes , and some toomuoh overcomei h ?" - ^ know the balm of tear 3 . 0 , horrible ! most hm-rlblf ' t 0 The recent coal-pit accidents aro not accident-. « ,, / ,, l usual course , they aro the every day le sons nl \ v Of tlie life Each accident brings witll it thiS w L T ? - 'It was paused by the foolbardincs . of theZ " ^ statement 13 ns often false as it is true . It j , k ° ' , 1 | ll 0 & that tho Pitman should become ' foolh irdv n ^ reasoaable to expect that he will become « ti " ki danger , when all the practical teaclia £ Zffi ° l to make him bo . Who instructs him mo 5 * d * r calling ? Who informs him how S t ^ L ^^ j ™? «™?*™; - ™ ttheoVormn , the viaweftlJ JI

      or me proprietor f jo was not w thouteoodim . »« ! reasons that the government oommiffiC \ ooSS two things . The almost invariable practiceoiSriWin acoidents to the foolhardiness of the mon . SdKS ? Snts . ° 3 UrgG 0118 t 0 prCSMt tbom wi * * Sfir £ It someti mes happens that a coroner's inquest en the livft R th « do « d does not end without a repriof to ho living . Such was the case at Hobbnrn . The jury codM not Sfiparate witbout expressing an opinion iSS colliery . 1 hoy further recommended , that an addition ^ s ^^ j& y ^ awa E&tt ^ s&jxss no explosion would have occurred . ami th ^ r ^ ll t "'

      two men would not have been killed . ' Whose duty was it to aea that tho pit was in ' aafo working condition ? g IIOh was the duty of tlie o * . Who neglected that duty ? The owner . Who , then by " neglect or avarice , caused the death of twentv ' two men ? ino recommendations of the jury answer our question nf t / kk ' o ., 0 f equity ' suPP ° rte < 1 by reason , tho owner of Ilebburn Colliery should pay an indemnification to the heirs of the deceased , for the losses they have sustained , because of the deaths of their husbands , fathers , or brothers as tho case may be . Such a practice is no * recognised in all eases of railway accidents , arising from neglect on the part of railway companies or their servants . Why should coal pit proprietors be exempted from like penalties { If tho owner or owners of Ilebburn Colliery had to pay down £ 10 , 000 to the relatives of the deceased

      comers Killed , because of neglect— ' because there had been a want of caution in the safe working of the colliery ' -we are much mistaken if . suoh a penalty would not , in future , seoure tho ' safe working' ef that and other coal pits . Tho Collier is constantl y exposed to danger—sometimes d u ™ . > as in t - ho oaap of tne Penrirey Colliery in South Wales—sometimes from inflammable gas , as in ' the case of Hobbuvn , and often from other causes ; and it may be that it is impossible to vendev his vocation free from risks , to which o ther trades and crafts are not lii-ble . The fact , however , that the collier is exposed to unusual risks , should render him sn objeot of care on tho part of society find the legislature . Govornment oommissicneru should have the power to ahut up all uoaUitB that are nnt in safn

      working condition until they be made so , and under a strict law of deodand ; the owners of coal pits should be held responsible for the lives of all persons engaged under their superintendence , Any measures short of these will prove futile . Any losseningof the numbers of colliery acoidents , in tho ab . senco ot somo suoh rostriotions as we have hinted a ' , will bo . ° Jje for in vain « ' Conl Ki » gs , ' like' Hallway Kings , ' and Cotton Lords , ' are , in many cases , apt to forget tho responsibility of property , ami in their ambition to sb ire a largo dividend , and pocket handsome proflt 8 , aiibjeut their dependents to unnecessary dancer . If our countrymen

      wisn to escape the horror of such fearful colliery accidents as they have lately heard of , and some of thorn have witnessed , they will lose no time in seeing that such means nr « adopted as shall seoure to the unfortunate collier all the adjutages that science has BUgeested for his behalf , and negligence and avarico alone prevent him from rac ing to Dene&fc ot . Were the interests of labour as much cared for as are those of Capital , at no distant day matters in the caso of the Collier would be much improved . GRACCHUS .

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      THE "REBELS"' OP ' 48 . The ' Qalway Vindicator" publishes a long letter from one of those who iigured in the "year of turbulence , " 1343 . Tho writer is Mr . William P . Dowlin c , a young Irish artist , who resided in London , and took an active part ia the Chartist Demonstrations of ' 48 . Ue was transported to Van Diemen ' s Land , uudev the not whiuh prohibited open and advised speaking . Of his companions in exile db eays : — " Cufty is working at his trade , which , until lately , was not very brisk ; but tho recent « old discoveries in tbo neighbouring continent has made every tr ade good u < whe is much respected as a aober and industrious man . m has alwayB been in constant employment , and he ia c ° sidered the best workman in the colony . Lacy has opened

      a shop in Launqe 3 ton , his wife and five ohildreu have come to him , and he is in a fair way of reaping a fortune , WW a great number of men employed , and , particularly since the gold discoveries , has received more orders than lie oa procure men to exeoute . Ritchie lias not been very fortunate , but is no * in employment . With respect to W country Chartists , none of them have been able to 2 « employment at their trades , there being no factories of any consequence in the colony ; they are , however , employ somewhere in tho interior as gardeners , &o . » '" ; O'Brien , since his acceptance of a ticket of leaf 6 . »™ lived in great privacy and retirement in tbe vale of ' ^ fj having , m order to employ his highly cultivated B » n « i condescended to become tutor to the young sons of an ? j . nent Irish physician who resided iu that retired p lace . « constant and dignified demeanour has procured Dim l" « respect of all , even of those most opposed to bim in pn »» pies and politics . He is now . I am informed , in very m ¦

      health , so much so that he has been obliged to give up . »» employment he had accepted , and has got permission w " aide in a different locality . Mitohel has been joined W » wife and family , and with such a family , and with We » ciety of his old and excellent friend , Mr . John Martin , m must he as happy as it is possible for an exiled rebel to »*• O'Meagher still resides in his solitary dominie at l *» Swell , save that the solitude is now somewhat dutujwJJ the presence ^ his amiable and beautiful bride . O » " °° " , is at present in this town , and has just com plete "« i g " £ of his persecutions ia this colony , which would be pw *™* immediately , but in consequence of tbe gold <" f , ° ™ £ printers cannot be procured at any price—they are aii m to the « diggins . " He purposes to have it published in Dublin and London , for tbe benefit of his family . ff ^'" in the colonies and Amerioa . Letters have been Teoei here from M'Manua , enoloaing his business cards to friends—among others , to the Governor and the touiF troller-general . . O'Doherty is practising his profession Hobart Town , and is universally respected . When a * had the pleasure of seeing him he was in excellent heaim *

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      The Esub hshbd Church oj ? ScoTUW . -Tho Gener Assembly of the Established Cburoh of Beotlan | n «* J Edinburgh on the 20 th inst , the Earl of Mansfield being the Lord Hi gh Commissioner . Dr . M'Leod , of Monji Moderator of the past year , preached tho annual sermo n , and proposed the Rev . Dr . Forbes as his 8 UCCess ° ^ ittce Royal letter bebg read by the commissioner , a «» nmi » was appointed to prepare tho reply .. The . assembly J occupied on the following day entire y ^ Jth routtno J ^ ness . It appears that the incomes of tbe Scottish ami" ^ in all the country parishes have been serious y . « m """ fter by the alteration in the corn duties ; and it is only * d intervals of twenty years that an augmentation ° [ * % nd oan be legally obtained , and oveu then thei Heriw n ( W courts of law make muoh opposition . M »*^ f expMtea government on the subject ib resolved on . « « «> jre 8 that both from the assemblies of the Brtablunea »» , ohurohes petitions will be adopted against the cos * of the Maynootb . grant .

      The Stab Of Freedom Saturday, May 39, 1833.

      THE STAB OF FREEDOM SATURDAY , MAY 39 , 1833 .

      ©O ©Grospttufltta. *Ra Ffnrrwmmfllmitt.

      © o © GrospttUfltta . * ra ffnrrwmmfllMitt .

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      Yfi 9 . w us indeed have all . this ! . Bat what opportuni ty have tbe workers for engaging m manl y sports aid healthy exercises , when an _ absence , « i five minutes daring their long Bonn of labour w , ll cause tiiem to be deprived of half their day ' s scanty pittance ? You well know , hypocrite as you are that there is no such fate in store for the people , while the selfish Capitalists , whose cause you advocate possess their present unlimited power over ^ the children of toil . If you really desire to see again a nation , concede our political rig hts and establish the reign of equality , give ns the Franchise , and we will work out our own regeneration ! Deprive us no longer of our just rights , and in the liberated nation we will awake the olden spirit , and build up the olden power ! Yes ; letus indeed hav <» * ^ - ^ . J *^

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      55555 mnp otab OF FREEDOM . 4 __^_^___«__»____^ llixii olAK ^ -i— •^ . ¦ M * wfi&& I I

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), May 29, 1852, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1680/page/4/