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Northern Star (1837-1852), 22nd May 1852, Edition 1 of 2, Page 3

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      i . ^ , - nflpnenflence of principle consists in haring no B > aa "f tS Send ? and ireetlrinWns . not m thinking princi ple o ? ^ ; fee fi » i thinking ; -ia an age when men ^ ' ^ S wep f&eir tonguls , keep anything enept * & h 0 ld f JndXuTmOtaS patiently , except their character ; *** « a *^ rSSwtbeSaitealt . toinstrnctitdangerous ; ^ inS ^* of amending it who cannot at the same ^ je amuse it

      «™ w ' s Poetical Wobks . Third Edition . UOGBaifl ^ y ^ f <* ,., Lonaon . T « iai 3 I » Ws Paian . Iioutledge , 2 , Farringdon-^ street , London . n- nE Ancients were quite right when they proclaimed w fpoet must be born , not made . Not but that a ftifflTand art will make the best of born Poets f Jr . till , without certain given material , all the rfSd development in the world wll never produce Pipt V Poet by nature must have a warm , elec-ULt temperament—indeed , wo think with Emerson , Jw a man ' s temperament 13 the measure of his iiwtv large heart and brain are essential , seeing Sot £ >« cfl P acity J lnt thero is something of al > so " ln tp inspiration in temperament , or a man ' s amount times to

      I ? pieetiidtv , which enables mm at oveneap ^ ordinary capacity , and pluck the veil from hidden myster ies . Everyone who has written poetry will inVw that they have had to exalt , condense , and mjgnsify their whole being ; and , vre flunk , temperaineut islhe power of intensifying one ' s being , so as f 0 produce those sndden luminous impulses , which imWe and burst in the brain as thoughts , in the « me manner as bubbles rise in the water after you hare thrown in the stone . But in addition to this treasure of temperament , the Poet must have intense andfiery passions ; for these , properly guided and

      rei < m ° d , are the glorious beasts of strength , which draVthe chariot of Genius up the mountain of Immortality' Ho must also have great perceptive rowers and large ideality , which is the creative power ca lled Imagination , with that magical inward beauty which can stamp the impress of itself upon all outward things . He must also possess that vehement passion for melody which leads him a rhythmical life , buoys his very footsteps into measured tune—his s peech into song—and opens his annointed eyes and ears to the beauty and melodiousness of the universe

      But , above all , the Poet must live his own life—he must not trust existence upon hearsay , but live for himself , and feed in the depths of his own nature . A asan contains more in his own single nature than all the books in the world . It is a newly discovered mniQ of treasure , and the more he digs it the richer lie bec omes . There never was an inspired Poet who ras not thu 3 endowed , and who lived not such a self-CDmmcning life !

      Such aro the world's genuine Poets , who have the magic to unlock the sources of human smiles and tears , and to send the electric throb of sympathy ihrongh the universal heart of humanity . In this sense , Shakespeare ^ Dante , Beranger , Burns , and Shelly , are Poets . They are Creators , Seeta , and Prophets , as well as Singers . Bat , there are others vhodo not belong to the band of these great roasters of immortal thought , who are yet Poets , and exquisite Binders . Perhaps they do not feel inspired to sing as a relief for their overflowing nature , nor believe

      themselves sent on earth to work revolutions , and issue the grand decrees of thought toman ; nevertheless , their song is genial , pleasant , and welcome , and the realms of Poetry are large enough to admit them as humble denizens . If they do but interpret , and popularise , the great thoughts , and the wondrous melodies of the Gods in the realm of mind—if they do Irat ran like small channels from the great rivers , and penetrate into the waste places of the world , making the desert blossom and the bye-ways of humanity fruitful , they do a great and glorious work , and we should give them onr grateful thanks .

      Such , a . Poet is Longfellow , and perhaps the best and mosl genuine of this kind . There are few better understood , or more welcome to the homes of the people . He has little passion , small poetic force , and no sublimity . His natural insight i 3 so dim that he is compelled to looktbronghthe spectacles of literature , be is a perpetual plagiarist from all the languages he knows . Now all poets are plagiarists . ' Do you ask the genius , says Goethe 'to give an account of what ho has taken from others . As well demand of the hero an account of the beeves and loaves which nave

      nourished him to such , martial stature ; but the Gexius possesses a fire in which it melte down all that is cast into it , to come forth richer and rarer a thousandfold ; Longfellow does not , and yon can point to ideas in his poems and say : this is from Goethe , this is from Milton , this is from Calderon , oftenerthan you can say , this is Longfellow's own ' . Heroic , daring , and fiery-hearted earnestness he has not , but , he is unequalled in setting a brave sentiment to music which shall thrill through the heart of all humanity , as in his noble - ¦

      PSALM OF LIFE . TniiT THE HEABI OF THE TOUXG MAS SAD ) 10 THE FSAI 4 HST Tell me not , in mournful numbers , "Life is but an empty dream !" For the soul is dead that slumbers , And things arc not what they seem . Life is real ! Life is earnest ! And the grave is not its goal ; "Dust thon art , to dust returne 3 fc , " "Was not spoken of the soul . Sot enjoyment , and not sorrow Is our destined end or way ; Bat to act , that each to-morrow Find us farther than to day . Art i 3 Ion ? , and Time is fleeting

      , And our heart 3 , though stout and brave , Still , like muffled drums , are beating Funeral marches to the grave . In the world ' s broad field of battle , In the bivouac of Life , 2 e not like dumb , driven cattle ! Be a hero in the strife ! Trust no future , bowe'er pleasant ! Let the dead Past bury its dead ! Act , —act in the living Present ! Heart within , and Godo'erhead ! Lives of great men all remind us "We can make oar lives sublime , And , departing , leave behind us Footsteps on the sands of time :

      footprints , that perhaps another , Sailing o'er Life ' s solemu main , A forlorn and shipwrecked brother , Seeing , shall take heart again . Let us , then , bo up and doing , "With a heart for any fate ; Still achieving , still pursuing , Learn to labour and to wait . This is fine , and a true inspiration ; it 13 akin to the valiant soul ' s earnest conviction , and rings out a rare accompaniment to the beating of the hearts of

      * ngiana s stern old Commonvealth men , and confcjMS a lesson we should lay to heart . Think of the g ' onous , the divine significance of life ! We are sent jmo the world as battlers , or builders , or as delineawsoi what the true battler or builder should be , and whichever our vocation , let u 3 work like men , JJJ be heroes in the strife . Do not let ns dodge and g * about the world as though we had no right in W l / OTld Was made for us-for U 3 tas ^ Shi ? f 5 time '; let U 3 ™ retBrn do something Wlf ; , ana 11 d 0 something . Do not the * fi » iff *} T \ remit 4 * tbat we can ™ * p SfaSw Let " * thca > ^! Let not our CfES t 0 CMse r ^« nCe as we have to " »» the ignorance of our forefathers . OfW w

      i ofXSTr f ! we - other We jS-Thp ft 6 ) hal r g n ypt ° t TCry ; de £ P of a 11 Nicies , also JrJ ® «» qnered , so can we . Longfellow has sS ^ 'MftMrh

      EXCELSIOR . te& ssssttr * fcxcelsior ! S&iF *? ** ejebeneath , jfiSLSdi * ! chion * its sheath > SeSf - ^ ntongue , wfe oid eshe fw ^ KgW sagges *

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      . ! £ i , ot the Pa 8 s : " the old mau s 3 ii > Dark Iower 3 the tempest overhead , ine roaring torrent is deep and wide ' . " And loud that clarion voice replied , Excelsior ! " 0 stay , " the maiden said , " and rest Thy weary head upon this breast !" A tear stood in his bright blue eje , But still he answered , with a Bigli , Excelsior ! " Beware the pine-tree's withered branch ! Beware the awful avalanche !" This was the peasant's last Good-night , A voice replied , far up the height , Excelsior '

      At break of day , as heavenward The pious monks of Saint Bernard Uttered the oft-repeated prayer , A voice cried through the startled air Excelsior ! A traveller , by the faithful hound , Half-buried in the suow was found , Still grasping in his hand of ice That banner with tUe strange device Excelsior ! There in the twilight cold and gray , Lifeless , bnt beautiful , he lay , And from the sky , serene and far , A voice fell , like a falling star , Excelsior ! '

      What a glorious aspiration is that for all who have a cause to wiu ! Excelsior I up higher ' . higher , evermore higher . That same Excelsior has been the very life-pulse in the heartsof all who have foughtinthevanguard of humanity ; and of all who have yearned to write their names in starry glory upon the pages of history . 'Excelsior' is thebattle-anthemofallwhocorabat for freedom and right ! Excelsior , exclaimsthemartyr , even though , friends should fail , and the night gather darkly around . Excelsior , shouts the patriot , though the scaffold loom ominously in his way , though the axe gleam , and his nest step be the death-plunge into the grave . Excelsior is the cry burstiug from the

      hearts of all who have grasped that ' banner with the strange device' to bear it heaven-ward , so that all the world may read what is written thereon ! 'Excelsior , ' cries the hero , as he plants his feet up the steep ascent he has to climb ; the old man warns him that the way is full of danger ; lie can see the light of happy homes smiling out into the falling darkness ; the loving maiden bids him stay and rest his weary ^ head upon the pill ow of her budding bosom : but , stern in the work lie has to perform , and strong in its might , he answers warning , welcome , and gentle lure with the clarion-cry— 'Excelsior , ' We never read this poem without thinking of brave

      Robert Nichol ! The lire of that devoted spirit wag a proud , living embodiment of' Excelsior . ' ' Bo not follow Literature , ' was the advice of his friends ; ' its aye poorly paid . " He answered , ' Excelsior . ' ' Poets are always poor , Robert , ' pleaded his mother , and still he answered , ' Excelsior . ' ' You are killing yourself , ' said his beautiful betrothed ; ' give up writing for a year or two . ' ' A tear stood in his bright blue eye , ' and still he answered , ' Excelsior ' —aye , ' Excelsior' to the death . Neither of these

      poems are marred by Longfellow ' s great defect of manufacturing figure ; , and lugging them in in the most mal-apropos situations . We don ' t object to Yankee' calculating ; ' but we must protest against this eternal figuring in American poetry , in which conceit Longfellow cuts one of the worst figures . It is in poems like the following that this poet is most himself . Many such delicious drops of song haB he scattered along his path , and they are akin to the very highest poetry—resembling it ( to quote one of his own similes ) ' as the mist resembles the rain' : —

      .. FOOTSTEPS OP ANGELS . "When the hours of Day are numbered , And the voices of tho Night Wake the better soul , that slumbered , To a holy , calm delight ; Ere the evening lamps are lighted , And , like phantoms grim and tail , Shadows from the fitful fire-light Dance upon the parlour wall ; Then the forms of the departed Enter at the open door ; The beloved , the true-hearted , Come to visit mo once more ; He , the young and strong , who cherished Noble longings for the strife , By th . e road-side fell and perished , Weary with the march of life !

      They , the holy ones and weakly , Who the cross of snffering boro , Folded their pale hands so meekly , Spake with us on earth no more I And with them the Being BeautoouB , \ 7 ho unto my youth was given , More than all things else to love me , And is now a saint in Heaven . "With a alow and noiseless footstep Comes tbat messenger divine , Takes the vacant chair beside m ? , Lays her gentle hand in mine . And she sits and gazes at me With those deep and tender eyes , Like the stars , so still and saint-like , Looking downward from the skies .

      Uttered not , vet comprehended , Is the spirit ' s voiceless prayei ' , Soft rebukes , in blessings ended , Breathing from her lips of air . 0 , though oft depressed and lor . ely , All my fears are laid aside , If I but remember only Such as these have lived and died ! In Europe , Longfellow is acknowledged chief of American song ; and , we have no intention of disputing it , though we believe there are others on the threshold of the age who will far surpass him . We should have quoted more , and said more , l ) ut Ms poems are pretty well known ; and , by the aid of Mr . Koutledge ' s cheap edition , may be in the hands of all .

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      Rienzi , the Roman Tribune . The saviours of the world are betrothed to martyrdom as to a bride . They are sure to fall upon evil times , who come as the vicegerents of Freedom , and the sign of their proud mission , naming on their noble brows , has ever been fatal to them as the brand of Cain . The hemlock for Socrates ; the rack for Galileo ; the dungeon , the torture , and the stake , for the ' unnamed demigodg , ' and countless heroes . This , in the past , bas been their lot who have devoted

      themselves to the emancipation of mankind from its multitudinous tyrannies . There is not a beam of the light of that knowledge which now illumines the world , hut is made up of souls that have gone down in darkness . There is not a path to freedom , now smooth and easy , but has been beaten out of the ragged and thorny wastes , by ths bruised and bleeding feet of the forerunners ! The lives of heroic temper have ever been beaten out on the furnace-forge of Suffering , beneath the blows of Persecution . Ajrain and again have the world ' s brave-hearted Redeemers been crucified and slain in the Past , that the Future

      might go free . Far back in the ages arose the lar * eheartedand noble Nazarine , Christ , to preach his divine doctrines of Liberty , Equality , and Praternity-that magnificent formula , wLicli was inscribed on the banner of the French Revolutionists ! He arose to wear the thorny crown of the kings of Sorrow and Salvation , and to climb the cross , and from its eminence obtain a glimpse of the glory of the coming time of which he had spoken , to crown the earth ' s long , dark years of travail , blood , and tears He-the glorious , god-like Gallilean-was hounded down and crucified by the people whom he came to save . _ Five centuries ago , that splendid snirit

      Rienzi , burst upon the astonished world , to redeem Rome and Italy from ages of shame and degradation He expunged much of the crime from her dark and bloody archives , humbled the rapacious and haughtv barons , readjusted the bandage which had slipped from the eyes of the olden ' Justice / and bade fair to reinstate Rome m all her olden glory as'the mistress of the world ; and he , too , fell a victim to popular ignorance—sacrificed at the shrine of Tyranny . Nicolas Cola di Rienzi-or Nicolas Rienzi Gabrini , as he is differently named—was born in Rome early in the fourteenth century . An innkeeper and a washerwoman were the parents of Home ' s future deliverer , by name , Lawrence arid Magdalen Gabrini . They lived near the Tiber , opposite to St . Thomas , under the Jews' Synagogue . Thus , like manv other

      noble spirits who have stood in the foremost ranks of the vanguard of Progress , Rienzi sprung from a very humble origin ; and , after all , it is only those who have suffered with the people , and known their wrongs and miseries from experience , who can truly lead the people upward in their mighty march to the

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      fulfilment of their glorious destiny . p as were the parents of Rienzi , they painfully to iled to give him an education . He dwelt apart , and deeply studied the writings of Cicero , Seneca , Livy and others , the boast find glory of Roman Literature . He was soon far beyond the plebeians of his time ' wellread in history , and he was wont to pass whole days among the marbles and monuments of Rome , reading their inscriptions , until he became rich , in the lore of Roman antiquity . By constant familiarity with the names and deeds of the mighty dead , he had built

      up his life on the old heroic model , and began to reflect bitterly on the degeneracy and d egradation of the Romans of his day until he glowed with ideas of freedom , and yearned to impart them to his couni ; ry . men . 'Where , ' said he , 'are the old Romans of whom I read ? "Where are their heroic virtues ? Where is all the olden grandeur ? Gone—all gone . ' As he walked among the monuments of the Past old days sang round him , old times would come aeain and the departed would rise from their tombs of cenhivitW

      to noia neroic converse with him . Every breath of hil lowed Roman air kindled his heart like a flame for freedom Rome became the divinity of his soul ' s worship Rome that had been tho peerless mistress of nations and crowned queen of the world ! Rome , the magnificent " the regal ! the beautiful ! and now ' the fo&SdJnd degraded . Ho had gotten all her past beauty by heart , and loved her more in her desolation and imperial sorrow ! He saw her scars , her agonies her stripes and chains , and thought her more lovely and ' worshipful , crowned with tears , than whan M . n ! . . ;„„ . ~ t to the

      Ttn ° ; ha / f ^ d place tiara on her bW Tien dawned the thought , the hope , the resolve , to set her free He would walk among the people , and talk , as if to himself , of justice and liberty , and ancient grandeur , without taking the least notice of the impression which his speeches made upon the people who surrounded him . and followed him , until " Rienzi" the " Republic" and the good estate" became familiar words with them ; About this time he had a In-other assassinated in the feuds which then raged between the Colonna and the Orsini , in Rome , bahsfaction not being given , Rienzi resolved to go to Avig-? r ' S rf ^ nc ^ f the ? ° Pe * bufc ta ^ another object tnan the death of his brother , in consulting the Pope . Such was the state of Rome at this time that Petrarch has described itas "tho most wicked and miserable of citiesthe

      , sort of devils , tho sink , of debauchery , and a very hell upon earth ; and he ^ exclaims- '' 0 , God ! send us down again aero , send us Domitian , their persecution will be more open , a secret ppison consumes us . Wo have not-the power to lire a virtuous life , nor to die a glorious death . " And the citizens cf Rome had been in the habit of sending deputations to tho Pope to represent their grievances and the condition of Rome , hitherto , with but little success , bo they hxed on Rienzi to head another deputation ; By this time he must havo been looked up to as a man of great importance , for he was now chosen to fill the position whioh Petrarch had occupied some fow years before . At this time the feud of the Colonna and the Ursini was racing with all tho fury of the Guclpha and Gibelines ; tliorc was no Bueh thing as justice in Rome ; the poor were outraged and

      trampled under foot , commerce languished , and foreigners feared to go to Rome , lest they should be robbed and murdered . This was the representation Rienzi was appointed to bear to Popo Clement the sixth , then at Avignon , and to pray him to return and dwell in Rome . Rienzi charmed the court of Avignon with his eloquence and genius ; ho told the Popo that the grandees of Rome were robbers , public thieves , infamous adulterers , and illustrious profligates , the perpetrators of tho worst of crimes ; to them he attributed the desolation of the Holy City , and he succeeded in incensing Clement against tho Roman nobility . Rienzi was appointed the apostolic notary , and returned laden with favours . It waa his policy to get the sanction and authority of the Pope as a leverage to work out the grand scheme now brooding in his mind . lie took up his office of

      notary , and his probity , justice , and honesty , contrasting with the vices of tho nobles , firmly established him in the affections of the people . He now harangued them publicly in tho streets nnd churches . Tho privileges of Rome—her eternal sovereignty—her olden grandeur—her undying b ? auty—her past pride , and present shame , with a glimpse of coming deliverance ; these made up the theme of his discourses , which fell like fire on the hearts of the people . He now made a bold stroke . One day , at a full councilboard , he rose up suddenly , and , with enthusiasm , exclaimed to the senators—" You are bad citizens , you suck the blood of the people yet , relieve them not ! " He had no press to work with in those days , so he caused a symbolical picture to be drawn , which should represent the condition of Italy . This painting exhibited a ship tossing , without

      rudder or sails , in the midst of a tempestuous sea . On board appeared a woman in a widow ' s habit wringing her hands and kneeling in her agony , over her was written , " Rome . " On the right were four ships wrecked and sinking ; in each was a woman upon deck , representing Babylon , Carthage , Troy , and Jerusalem ; One label showed that injustice had ruined those cities , and another that Rome , once greater than all , was now in her desolation , fast following them . There were rocks around , on one of which was clinging tho " Christian religion" with this label , " 0 , God ! if Rome perish where shall I go ? " Above was represented four rows of horrible animals with horns , through which they blew the waves into fury , and endeavoured to sink the snip labelled Rome . " The first row , which were lions , wolvc 3 , and bears , was inscribed , "

      Behold 1 our governors , senators , and nobles ! " In tho second , dogs , hogs , and she-goats , inscribed , " Evil councillors and flatterers of nobility , " with various other significant groups and inscriptions ; while over all was painted " fleayen , " whence descended offended Deity with two swords ' . The people understood thia fantastical allegory and looked upon Itienzi as the man to take their interests in hand , and of restoring the tottering state . Thia scheme wbb admirably successful . Tho supine nobles , little aware of the effect Rienzi was working on the people , affected to despise him and his representations . Indeed they looked upon him as a sort of jester or mountebank , performing for their special amusement . He was often invited to the palace of the Colonna , to make sport for them . They did not see the modern Brutus concealed beneath the mask of folly , aDd the cha «

      tactey of buffoon . Sometimes he would wax warm , and utter threats and predictions .. On one occasion he exclaimed , " If I am kini- ' or emperor I shall hang and behead all the grandees who 067 near me > " atld his terrible meaning made rare sport for * bem , and produced inextinguishable laughter . Other piotuu 3 he h . P ainted and placed at the court-gate of the Senate , > T llich conveyed to the people more than the meaning of words . •• Ji ie la ? fc tUat he exhibited contained these words— "In a sMi t >» 1 ! e the Romans shall be restored to their ancient good estate . " llio time of this most wonderful of revolutions wag now at hand . He had gathered around him the best men amongst tho Roman populace , and he took those he considered most fitting , one by one , and laid hia conspiracy before them . Afterwards , they assembled toother in

      a secret place upon Mount Aventine , and there formed the plot which was destined to overthrow tho lawless rule of the Roman nobility , and to make Rienzi the Tribune of tho leoplo , with more than Imperial power . For the success of his measures , Rienzi judged it necessary to have tlio Pope ' s Yioar , Raymond , on their side . Having succeeded in winning Mm over , Rienzi . now made his greatest cow data on the 20 th of May , 1347 , he marched with all his adherents , upon tho capital , in great pomp of splendour and magnificence . Here he harangued tho delighted and daring people , and had the laws , which he had drawn up road to thorn , assuring them that if they woufd . resolve to observo those laws , he would pledge himself to wih-for thorn the . " Good Estate , " and re-eatabliah them in all their olden grandeur . The people were enrapturedthe idea of freedom

      , inspired them to fanaticism . They declared Rieniiithe Sovereign of Rome , and granted- him the power of life and death , of rewards and punishments , with supreme authbrity over all the extensive territories of Rome . Rienzi stipulated that they should nominate the Pope ' s vicar as his co-partner , and that ho himself should simply be called the "Tribune of the People . " This was a subtle stroke of policy , as , while the holy father would have no authoritv , it would be a kind of papal sanction to the proceedings of Rienzi . The nobles were now alarmed , and began to think of putting down this audacious plebeian , but it was too late . The Colonna fled , aud at the order of Rienzi the nobility departed for their estates . He now proceeded to execute justice on all criminals with the utmost rigour , and as great numbers of these had been among the people ' s optheir

      pressors , punishment won the hearty thanks of tho oppressed , and made Rienzi omnipotent in Rome . So complete was this revolution , and so firmly was the People ' s Tribune established , that the Papal Court of Avignon was compelled to acknowledge his authority , and countenance the people ' s choice . "At this time" ( says the historian ) " the woods began to rejoice that they were no longer infested with robbers , the oxen began to plough , the roads and inns were replenished with travellers , trade , plenty , and good faith were restored to com « meroe , nnd a purse of gold might be exposed without danger in the public highway . " Such is a glimpse of tho state of Rome under the rule of Rienzi . The deliverance of Rome so successfully accomplished , Rienzi was now inspired with that grand dream of uniting the various sta ^ s

      of Italy into a great federative republic , with Rome for the head , which Mazzini , the Rienzi of our time , has fought for and preaches in these days . But they were not ripe for it then . Although the messengers of Rienzi sent on this mission , were every whero received by kneeling multitudes , who implored heaven for the success of their undertaking , and Venice , Florence , and many other cities offered their lives and fortunes to the good estate . The tyrants of Lombardjr , Tuscany , and other states would not unite with tho plebeian author of a } , free constitution . Petrarch , the friend of Rienzi , rejoiced in his triumphs , and proclaimed that he had given to the world every token of the golden age . The TribHne of the People had now attained the summit of his ambition—it was a summit of dizzy height , and perhaps his head swam a little when

      he looked down from the lofty pinnacle of . his fame . Hitherto he hai * avoided ceremony , and was easy of access to the poorest and the meanest , he began to keep an elegant table , served with the . choicest and daintiest wines , and doubtless became somewhat enervated by luxury . He suffered himself to be called " Nicholas , severe and merciful deliverer of Rome , defender of Italy , august tribune , &c . " He copied the manners and magnificence of princes . The populace were gratified at any public exhibition of his splendid pomp , it gratified their vanity , as he was the man of their choice , and in him and his dazzling glory , they also where glorified , but when he deviated from the strict rule of frugality in his private life , they b ' eoame provoked , and many saw his yioes in a worse light than if they had been the vices of Kings . These disaffected soon joined the

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      old nobles , who were only awaiting an opportunity of wreaking their vengeance upon tha Tribune of tho People The war which Rienzi had had to wage against rebels and " the old animosities of the Ursini and Colonna had drained the treasury , tho troops becamo discontented , and all seemed disposed to a general murmur . The Colonnas rallied their troops in Palestrina , and with all the discontented who gathered to their standard , advanced upon Rome , but were beaten and cut to pieces by the soldiers of Rienzi . But perhaps the greatest cause of tho fall of Rienza was his clemency to the chiefs of the nobles , who were adjudged worthy of death , he dreaded the effect of their mimea , the inconstancy of the people , and pardoned them . This wounded their pride , to lie forgiven by him , and raade them a thousand-fold more implacable , while tho

      peopfe nursed up unjust feelings against him , and cried , " Had th ey been poor and of us , they would have inevitably expiated their crimes . " At length , a conspvacy burst out in Rome against the Tribune , and he escaped , from the city , intending to retire for a time from the strife and turmoil of his public life . But we must pass on . After his flight , the Barons and other rapacious monsters thronged to Rome like Vultures to tho field of carnage . For a time their old bloody feuds tore Rome to its very heart , and the populace soon began to sigh for the return of Rienzi , and amid their increased misfortunes his faults were forgotten After an exile of seven years , he returned . Ho suffered ' endless persecutions' and imprisonments ; his noble faith was almost quenched , and His proud heart broken . Ho came back conquered , rather than as a conqueror . TT 1 _* 1 * 4 . A . has been

      He accused of intemperance , jealousy , and a large development of the darker passions in his senatoraliip ; but his history aud character have only been written by bis enemies . It is certain , however , that he lost favour with the people , and that his troasuros were exhausted by civil war , which occasioned his soldiers to desert his cause We shall only have space to transcribe tho lust scene of his career , from Father Cerceau ' s work on Rienzi . It was on the 8 th of October , 1354 , when Rienzi was disturbed in his bed with loud and repeated cries of "Long live the People " and " Let the T yrant perish . " This be could see was a t the instigation of secret ring . leaders , who were urging the people on . The city was speedily up and shouting "Down with tno Tyrant , " the guards declared against him . Tho capital was invested , and the windows of the- Tribune smashed with stones ; the cause was said to bo the obnoxious excise-tax recently laid on . Rienzi came out on the balcony , where he had so often harangued the people , and was met with a volley of atones and execrations

      . In no wise disconcerted , he held up the hand they bad wounded , and begged to be heard ; and suoh was tho might ot his wonderful eloquence that , could he but have obtained silence , he would havo turned the hearts of that wild multitude , even as the wind sways a field of standing corn . This hu » enemies well knew ; and redoubled their clamours and imprecations . Ho took up the noble Gonfalon the standard of the people , the bannor of Liberty , and waved it , but all to no purpose . At length , | despairin « of being heard , and finding the pa ' aco was deserted , and en fare , he endeavoured to escape , but was recognised , and carried to the Lion's steps , whence so many heads had r -lied , it was the place of execution ! flore hs stood for a whole hour , without voice ot ' motion . Ho stood in tho midst of the savage multitude , half naked and half dead " - and while , on the one hand , he ba 1 not tho strength to sp » ak ' on the other , they wero dumb , and had not the darim' to attack him . Feelings of comoasaion and reveron ™ 1 M

      fighting for him , and might have prevailed had not a dastardly assassin , byname , Cecco de la Vecchio , tuldrn ' y run him through the body with a sword . This was the signal of onset for the other conspirators . Tho notary , Treio . cavo him a great out across the head with his sabre , and many others rushod to stab him , and to outvie each other in insulting and mutiiatinga fallen enemy . Rienzi died with the hrst stroke—without a word or groan . His body was draeeed from tho Capitol to St . Mark ' s with loud huzzas , His head and arms they stuck upon the roads ; his shapeless body they hung by the feet , on a stake , before tho palace of the Colonnas , who had always been his enemies . Such was the end otRionzi , tho most renowned man of bis ago and one . of the greatest pati its tho world has ever seen . He fell a victim to the hatred of the nobles whoso destruction no had vowed , and to the ignorance of the neouln whftsa

      emancipation he had sought to accomplish . But the same hands that stone and crucify the martyrs also build their monuments ; and Rienzi was no sooner dead than thev digcovered what they had lost , and , amid tears and regrets , they remembered only his renowned ' virtues , and the bravery ofu is actions . Geiuu > Masset .

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      THE COUNTESS OF RUDOLSTADT . [ Sequel to " Consuelo . " ] Bt Geokqe Saxd . the joursbt . The day was yet far from breaking when Consuelo , overcome by fatigue , sunk into a profound slumber . When » he awoke m tho morning , sbe found herself alone in the carriago . The Chevalier had seated himself on tho box , where he remained the whole of the following day , during which Consuelo was whirled rapidl y along , she knew not where Towards the middlo of the succeeding night the carriage stopped in a ravine . The weather was gloomy ; the noise of the wind among the foliage resembled that of running water . Ilero Karl informed her that , as they wore about to pass the frontier , it would bo necessary , in order to avoid tho police , that sho should walk a little way while be conducted tho empty carriage by another route To this Consuelo gladly assented , sinco she was to have the unhiovm for her protector . Accordingly , " taking the proffered arm of her silent companion , she immediately set off with him across the fields .

      The night grew darker and darker 5 tho wind kept rising ; and soon it began to pour in torrents . Tho roads became so slippery that Consuolo could only save herself from falling at every stop by clinging to her companion . He allowed her to do so for a few moments , when he took her in his arms , and carried her like a child , and stalked rapidly on through bog and ravine , as though ho had b < " - of an immaterial nature . They arrivod thus at- *' ,, „ f ^ ' 5 of a small river ; tho unknown sprung into ^ e w A " r \?™ aSK ^^ * : a : aKa ^ foTvaVnTS' WhiC , hD 0 W ' ^ "edlnd cove edw' h toam , ran on witn a . gloomy and sinister murmur . The chevalier was already up to his waist in water , and inS t iJf ma , , t ^ CoT 13 ^ al ) Ove fch 0 surface , it wu to be feared that h 13 feet , sunk deep in the mud , micht fail him . Consuelo was alarmed for his safety . « Suffe me to drop , " she said ; "I know how to swim . iTZ

      name m neaven , set me down ! The water continues Swe& « > ' y ° u will be drowned ! " w'Wflues At this ffloiiiC ?* f furious gust of wind struck ono of the trees upon the snoi ' e , ttmCdj which our travellers wo directing their steps , which , dragging With it an enormous mass of earth and stones , for a moment opposed a natural dyke to the violence of tho current . Fortunately , the tree had fallen above tUom in the stream , and the unknown had just began to breathe , when the water , forcing itself a passage through the obstacles which opposed it , flSwed in bo powerful a current that it was almost impossible to struggle against it . Ho stopped , and Consuolo tried to disengage herself from his arms . w

      P T , - ?\ l ld she 5 l wiU n ( > t ^ the cause of your death ! I also have strength and courage ! Let mo struggle through the water with you . " But the chevalier pressed her to his heart with renewed energy . One " wouldhavethoog ' itthatheme anttoperishthere with her . * She folfc afraid of this black mask , of the sS 2 man , who , , like tho Ondines of ancient German baShda Beemed desirous to draw her beneath tho gulf . She dared no further resist . For more than a quarter of an hnm > longer , the unknown combated against the fury of wind and waves , with a cool determination truly frightful , ever sudporting Consuelo above the water , and » ainino „ £ .

      foot of ground m four or five minutes . He reflected unon his situation with calmness . It was as difficult to recede as to advance ; - ho had passed the deepest part , and felt that , m the movement he must make to return , the water mi » nt overpower his resistance and deprive him of his footing At last be reached the shore , and advanced without permitting Consuelo to walk , and without even stopping to take breath , Until he heard tho whistle of Karl who was anxiously awaiting them . Then he deposited his precious burdea . m the arms of the deserter , and fell senseless to tho ground . His breathing only escaped in aeavv solis ; it seamed aa though hia oheat would burst . Thinking ho was about to breathe his last , Consuolo threw herself upon him , exclaiming , " Oh ! do not die ; do you not feel tbat I love you V

      But he was soon able to ' walk to the carriage , where Consuelo held him for an hour in her arms . When the carriage Stopped , ho pressed her to his heart , and , hastily lettine down tho stop , disappeared . ' " At fchecottage , where shejremained during'the nest night , the idea of continuing her Journal occurred to her She had bufc written a confession of her sudden love for tho unknown , when something having attracted her to the adjoining room , sho returned with tho intention of burning her writing , but it was nowhere to be found TOifJj ; roi m ° TntS afte 1 " ' ^ bl ? u S her " lefetcr , which , hand ! Wn * di 3 gUised or trerabling ToM ^ . OTS 5 . mto < e 0 WBi « - Id 0 so " % h . t ° ^ T 1 l 0 TC yOU wil . ' y ! B"t ^ are in the power of the Invisibles-a power without anneal : Adieu

      un , uuu , uavemercy upon mo ! This letter , Karl told her , was from the chevalier , who had departed , telling : him that a' little man in black ' who had just armed , , would henceforth be her guide . That mght their journey was resumed , but how long it * ££ & £ lIt . Consuel ° knew not « asfrora then she ? ost

      , , THE PAVIHON . . pea sho awoke , sho found herself in an excellent bed , A ? w \ r , l 8 M 0 UrfcalD - 0 fwh J , tesatiu »^ t gold fringes . At her bedside , wearing a black mask , was her little tra-V * " ! ^ W ? ' , *> , , her smell a bottle which appeared to dissipate the clouds in which her mind had been enveloped . a Jin ^ ? m ¥ d goneout she a"se and dresiedherself m the rich antique garments which had been placed at her disposal . The pavilion of which she had become an inmate was adorned with every luxury . It was a lodging worthy of a queen for its richness , of an artist for its taste , and of a nun for its chasteness . Outside , all tho beauties of nature soemed concentrated in the small space within which her view was confined ; and she could spy through the foliage the turrets of a castle in the immediate neighborhood , But after a . short time all these attractions of

      Untitled Article

      nature and art ceased to beguile Consuelo ' s hours of capti vity . Tho only person she ever saw in the pavilion was her major-domo Mattcus , who , like the Invisibles she had alread y seen , constantly wore a black mask . The loneliness of her situation * , and tho excitement she had lately expeneticed , brought on a nervous irritability , which eausod her to be disturbed by the merest trifle , and to experience a series of vague terrors , for which she could not frequently account . One evening she fancied she could distinguish tbe distant sound of music . She ascended the terrace , and perceived , iinougu the intervening fn ! i ! im > that the castle was brillia

      ntly illuminated . The resounding and deeiied strains of ti'l f p ? l music uow distinctly reached her , and tho coniwstotthegay scene within the castle with her own for-0111 position , affected her more than sho was willing to ac-; ' T 5 ' . J '** so long since she had exchanged a wora with intelligent and reasonable beings ! The moon s . S ^' sr S ^ ffi ts ^ a asffl 3 = « SS ££ * M ing her with oona-lonce to brinir her thn n . in ™ '' *!? ±

      less , into this stem , though fiiided , prisenFiftd an , ^ one a right to exaettuoh blind obedience without de fi £ ? em SiTSBhf L W ; * " illl i thi 8 » pp *« S oKS couldSn {™ DS a 8 fllure to attract her . Who Inv iilS Everything connected with the conduct of the toSou « f % i OeXtl ; ' dinai 7- 2 avh ^ ' ° » attempting onen SrS « L ft enclo " . «» 'e might find the door ready . om' S « . iS f a T $ Upon the stmtm which le * n £ wn ? f ? rden ° - tIlc p ' Sh 0 scizeti o « this idea—Sen &m ° ? t I H mPMbaWo Of ™ y-an ( 1 descendcd t 0 tha loJZ' de . temin ? i to tempt the adventure . Sho had scarcely advanced fifty yards when sho henrd a * hi « in ?

      ti ! mi MlUrao " stwsbird were Q ) H swiftly ™ . im At , 1 hQ , ^ ° > en t she found herself suras suddenly reappeared , accompanied by a loud report Consuelo soon comprehended that this was neithera m * torK ^^ bufc « imply a commencement o ? fire-ZiuIaL , tle- This entertainment of her host ' s WnSSn \ TF P ectacle fr <> m the terrace , and t £ SST v M - : 8 teps towards the P ™>™> like bv t fl , * . ln S 1 ^ hfc of M nmujement . But twice 5 ™« fi 3 of , Viinous-colourod light which had streamed aoroaB tho garden , sho had seen the tall dark fiSroof a nan standing _ motionless at her side : ffl ZZa

      ™ . ° * at llim i « luminous bomb , descending : in a n % ft V ! i i flre ' dicd awa y » anU lcft a 11 objects bu-S rtWlW ' V 1111 ' ttfemowimponeWi „ ] ' ., hild boon thus for an instant dazzled . Each s rs ^ tfscs ^ tdiS ' syST ^^^ a&ws cry , and totienng would have fallen , had not tho mystonous visitor oaugtat her in his arms . But no sooner didVha L w Z ° SJkh [ 3 ! ipa , ^ her brow - than sS that inn X " T , chTlier-tho unknown-the being fioved . ' b >' whom also sho knew herself to be onoo he sd ° enomfS \ vf f findins , himtbus mtovea tohor . at Sdto SLl " him , T S 1 ° had f 6 lfc Wllile 8 h 0 h ! ld n ° 6 uopiju 10 meet nun . and na h « m » tin „„ , » , > j 1 . jvouf

      pntrairn hime <\ lf tUt- i , . ? . ' ¦ ' » " ««» « u to uisl % ll ! Baa « HS hta ' fZjfn fS ZL tl * T QlUi her feet » and Kddmg fiw ^ r u of , druss , which ho fondly pressel III ! S' f ^ ° momcnt as if Stated by S £ ting emotions of despair and rapture ; then , hastily ronla . eing his mask , and at the samo time sliding ^ letter So Consuelo ' s hand , ho sprang into the pavilion and di ap . peared , without her having seen his features She sought everywhere for him in vain , and thon , by the ntrlyisfollow ^^ ' ' ™ tho lete ' ^ ™ rJwte t neIth ^ T , ' speak to y ° > but l am n ° forbidden to write . If you would reply , I could find your letters in the garden while you slept . Hove youdovotedly ^" iQciCiiy ,

      gaS a 7 dSte e d ? PaSSi ° natQ r < * ly ' phced U in tho Next morning Mattous appeared to suffer , and Consuelo piessed him to tell her the cause of his affliction . Vfll , then , madame , this morning I saw the most amiable , tho handsomest , the bravest , the youngest the most generous the noblest , the greatest of all my masters , the Chevalier do Liverani taken to prison . " "Liverani ? Who is Liverani ?» cried Consuelo . much disturbed . "To prison ; the chevalier ! Tell mo ! Oh , heaveus 1 Tell me , v ? ho tho chevalier ? "Who is thia Liverani ? 1 I think I havo sufficiently described him to madame . I cannot toll whether madame knows little or much of him * but it is very certain that he is imprisoned in tho great tower for having spoken and written to madame , and foe having refused to let his highness Bee tho answer madama sent him . " The great tower ! Ills highness ! Is all thia actually true , Matteus ? Am I , indeed , in the power of a sovereign princo , who treats mo as a prisoner of state , and who punishes his subjects for any appearance of interest or compassion that they may evince for mo ? Or , am I sufforing under somo eccentric lord , who is trying to frighten me to test my gratitude ? " b Matteus said that thia princo was a philosopher : and . when Consuolo expressed a desire to implore his meroyj ^^ ISSii ^ ^^ ^ ***** him nroh- " , "' " , evor m him ; y ° u Wl 11 novor know to ™ \ jy y ° Wl 11 nCTer hear his name . If you wish . appear before the Council of the Invisibles , your wish shall be complied with ; but reflect well on the consoquonces of your resolution . It will determine the future , life of yourself and of another . " It was tho next evening before she could scad this secoad petition : — " Whatever may be tho consccmenoos to mvself I AmIyh lSble s » d humbl ^ » PP ™ before t ' aeSalof tho ssasa ^ ^^

      Ech '—n , ' A , ? fe Sh Lahberta ! 1 For liberty ! Scarcely had she finished this air when it was taken un and repeated by a fine-toned violcn outaido the window and with an expression to tho full as mournful and pro ' brand . as hcr own . Consuelo ran instantly to the casement , but she could sea no one , and tho strain was dying away fi tho distance . ' & *""' « * It struck her forcibly that those extraordinary tonos , and 8 K f Ti K F TTl of P layin « - coul ( 1 bcI ° ng only to Comt Albert ; but sho rejected the idea as ono of those paintul and dangerous allusions which had already caused ^ m U pK hBUffe ] [ - Nevertheless , Consuelo could not throw off the emotion 9 ho experienced , and sho sank into so profound and sad a revorie , that it was nino o ' clock before she remembered that Matteus had brought hcr neither dinner nor supper , and that she had fasted sinco the mornmg . This circumstance made her fear that ¦«*« . « , « . iifc «

      the chevahor , had fallen a victim to the interest whicli ha had shown her . No doubt tho walls had oyos andJaS Perhaps Matteus had talked too mucih to nor ; ho had evinced dissatisfaction at the chavalier ' s imprisonment , and that was probably sufficient to include him in tho same fate . Iheso fresh subjects of anxiety made Consuelo insensible to anH M *!?**?'? ?? * , T ? ' a 3 t ! l 3 evening advanced , and Mattous failed to make his appoaraiico , aue ventured to nag . Ho one replied . S ! ie felt very faint , aud above all exceedingly dismayed Leaning with hor head between her hands , against the window-frame , sho retraced in memory all tho strange incidents of her life , and folt almost inclined to ask herself , was it the reeolleotion of reality , or onlv a long dream , when a hand , as cold as marble , pressed upon her head , and a low deep-toned voice pronounced these words , " Your request is granted , follow mo' "

      ^ Tf& * , , no * bought of kindling a light , bufc who had hitherto been able perfectly to distinguish every object , now looked round to discover the person whoTd dressed her j but she found herself suddenly oncomnasssd by such thick darkness that the atmosphere apSed to be ono solid mass , and tha " starlit sk , ^ a sheefo ? lead With a feeling of oppression she raised her hand to her S " and found it covered with a thin but impenetrable hood * such as Caghostro had thrown over her Eut her feet ing it . Led by an mvisiblo hand she descended the £ M Efte ^ tbS ffSt ^ eS

      ZnJ ™ ri l eps raore an < 1 more , and ready to But ^ SE M nt l 8 £ - ° , WaS tom P tod t 0 a 8 kto a « 8 P - XflirX Vf r ' , whlch raa ( la ber fear the appearance of tailing back from her resolution , impelled her to struegle courageously . At last she reached the end of hor journey , and was placed upon a seat . She heard at this moment an ominous . sound , hko that of a . tam-tam , slowly strike tho midnight hour , and at tho twelfth stroke tho hood was lifted from her brow bathed in moisture . ( To be ContinuedJ

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      Burns and FEnouss oH—Thnt Bums erected a monu . ment over the grave of Pergusson , the poet , is well SZ -not so , hitherto , a little circumstance of interest cS nectedwith this honourable tribute to a brothelTpoet It now appears tbat two eyears lapsed before Burns was able * ° , Zo for th , T mon ? J- , s witness a letter to Hill data ! in 1793 : — " I send you by the hearer Mr Clark * I ' rtfl , a of mine , six pounds and a shilling , whkhyovTwill"fifi of as follows :-Five pounds ten ehilliags d lmm ? Z to Mr . It . Burn , architect , forerectina ^ tW ™ untIo 1 we ff . M 3 & £ ff 3 w « 3 S ass ^ sssis

      Our S^Anmn Ft Portrait &Lt;3falfa&

      OUR S ^ anMn ft portrait < 3 falfa&

      Lum' Etos.

      lum ' etos .

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      3 lAY 221852 . m THE STAR OF FREEDOM . ^^ 3

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      , * sb = s iTterTt ijre .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), May 22, 1852, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1679/page/3/