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jFomp autJ eolomal SntclKrante
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TO HEADERS AND FKDZNDS. TO HF.A1YF.nsi iwn TrnTRNns
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UOT unendg wilJ , no donbr , feel surprised al the singular heading to this day ' s papei \ The transfer of the Journal from its late to it * present Proprietor * hi * necessitated the passing through all the formalities attendant on the publication of a netb newspaper . WehaTe complied with all the requirements of the Stamp Office ; but it has been impossible ta prepare the netr distinctive die in time for this number , wanting which , it would hare been illegal for the paper to hare appeared undeif 1 && title , solely and exclusively , of the Star of freedom . ' No doubt , next week we shall be in <\ position to appear under our proper de > igaa&tti >
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PAST , PRESENT , AND FUTUHE . Givetne the liberty to know ; to utter , and to argue frtelj , according to conscience , abdVe ail liserlics . - —JiliTOK . FGOitEEK YeakS have passed away since the (* Northern' ) 'Ster' arose in the political firmament loillonline and guide the Buffering children Of toil in % ek straggles towards a tetter , brighter , future . PdbSfcg a flood of light upon the land , its fays en-Wfed the homes of the humblest , and men who had politically been Bitting in the Valley 01 the Shadow of Death , came to see and know each other as brethren A God-like impulse forthwith dictated that uiion—that confederation of numbers—by
which the weak become mighty , and the poor ( usually so poweiieEs ) are made invincible . From hill and Tale—from the stiuing factory and the grimy workshop—from loom and forge , poured forth a people 'onrecognised by legislators and rulers , excepting in the -character of blind unreasoning instrumentshewers of wood , and drawers of water—bondmen to create wealth , and slaves to build up the bloodcemented greatness of their rich and privileged masters . That thesa unhappy heirs of poverty and alaTery should presume to speak of themselves as ' the people , ' vas insolence unexampled , presumption
unparalleled . So argued aristocrats and plutocrats . Nothing heeding , that ' people' unknown to the ' Constitution * (!) , that nation within a nation , raised louder and louder its cry for Liberty—the liberty to litre the true life of Humanity—the liberty to cast off the fetters of serfdom , and assume the franchises and dirties of the Free . Then was heard a Bound like that of armies marching to battle—the tramp of thousands , and tstas tif thousands , as they gathered around Frgedda& ' B banner in those mighty assemblages for which the years 1838 aud 1839 , will * riil long be memorable . What though nominally no
national Hnion er association had existence , though the people , in their respective localities , united under » uch designations as convenience , taste , or tradition suggested , —some in « Political Unions , ' others in ' Radical , ' Chartist , ' Democratic / and « Working Men ' s * Associations )—wanting a paper union , there was something better—the union of hearts . Had that union continued , the establishment of popular soverei gnty might have dated from the year 1839 ; oat division crept into the people ' s ranks , and all was
lo&t . It would be worse than useless to make this or that section or person responsible for the reverses experienced then and at subsequent times . There wore faults all round the compass . Undoubtedly , the worst evils were caused by Egotism and Falsehood , the eternal and most fatal foes to Democracy , Enough of the Past . My purpose is not tore-open old wounds , but to revive the recollections of former Energy , and , if possible , to Bummon that Energy to renewed life and action . Despite mistakes , failure , and suffering , the cause is as sacred and as worthy of
a people s support now as it was in the days of' Peferioo , or the first years of Chartism . Popular Education has advanced , the truculent tenets of ansient Toryism are disavowed by the heirs of PiTiand CJsuBnEAGH ; the Whigs have lost their mischievous influence ; and even the middle-class Radicals , though they shrink from adopting the good and safe prin' ciple of ? Justice to all ^ -Privilege to none , ' yet are fain to confess their impotency unaided by the work-Wig classes , thus inviting the unrepresented to dictate We terms on whfchto found a trul y national movement , ^^• nce inaugurate such a movement , what is there needed ? Simply the abnegation of personal pretensions , and an unmietakeable desire to make all considerations subservient to the one great end—that of the People ' s Emancipation .
it . a (' . XOTtbera ") ' Star » has run its course . In iuiuy it enjoyed an influence unexampled in the nwiory of weekl y journals . Other newspapers have h 5 S cirCQlation > tat not one of them haB „ . th ® wfiuence over masses of mBb * at one time exercised by the'Star . That it should decline in way sense of the term , was but natural . It was es sentiall y the representative of a past phase of politic al progress . Democracy , as now understood , !™* eiy q , 8 erB from the Democracy of 1839 . The democracy of the present aspires io a solution of more Man the political question . The right to life in-« udes more than the right to a vote , or the " ghtto be freed from some portion of the burden of taxation . The right to labour , and to a n £ uttibus appropriation of the fruits of his own labour ,
are part and parcel of the * Rights of Man . But toy mere rerbal recognition of these rights in any Declaration , Charter , or Constitution , would be hut a mockery . Nominally , all Britons are'freeborn ; ' but do they so live ? The Rights above-named nuut be mere abstractions , so long as privileged da ues shall continue to monopolise the soil , credit , * nd the instruments of production ; and so long as "ticious arrangements compel the wealth-producer to toil chiefly for the benefit of tax-eaters , consumers of
re nts and dividends , and a class or classes of distributors multitudinousl y superfluous . The abolition of proletarimiBm , tha abrogation of that system , of ^ ages-slavery , by which the working classes are held jn a descri ption of serfdom , in some respects worse SKr * thatchatt le-filavery against which Exeter-hall pmianthrop ists raise such loud outcries , is the mission 1 democracy . Unaccompanied by the possession * nd exercise of their Social Rights the people would 2 ? PoUUcal Ri S bt 8 ba ™ and Talueles 3 ' la * eeo , history has demonstrated , and never more
jnkingly than within the past few years , that , failing R ; {"" feKknd , possess , and exercise their Social rpw , rtlsnot possible for a people to long retain gjw on of their Political Rights . Universal W"S ? M been re P eate % established by Revolu-Urnoi rones tave been ovettunied and Republics S « n ^ ; but because the P ° p fe were not suffi-™ uy enli ghtened and determined to make corresr 9 lng social changes , their victories , their sufferings fte dS ^ va 5 n- ? l o od bas flow ed li ke wa t «" . jet rienct \? bave S ^ ne (* literacy nothing but expeof tjjat ^ w * sdom which should be the fruit Peonies PPerie » ce develop itself when asain the J ; sfau b 8 in a p 0 Sifi 0 Il t 0 forecast their future . to be ^ m ] 1101 ! , tf labour to Capital ; and the means pation v ! l f ° - tbe worting man > s socia * emanci —ftegg j | ? ut v'olence or wrong to any other man , Patabu lniPwtanc questions are henceforth iosg .
. Oll 'ts ;;? S 0 ' Clated wHh Democracy . Social ^ ' Jkfcr J ' ri m the Jess depended ' " -erorm ^ ^¦ eat Larr ^ - tU ^ . u Class-legislati « n arn ^ dad re yer J 7 ^? . and the imme . ^ « all thofi 9 soeial ri ghts
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and pdwers Wanting which Labour must remain the dependant , the slavo of Money and Privilege . In another , and most important , respect , the Democracy of 1852 differs from that of 183 § . Among other lessons taught by experience roust be included that of the ' ' solidarity of nations . ' Had Frauce carried her Revolution of February beyond the frontier , the Reaction would have been stifled in its birth , Europe would have been free , and France would have escaped her present humiliation . England is not blameless . The British Government coerced the Portuguese , deluded and abandoned the Sicilians , connived at the destruction of Italian Freedom , and _ , .... * . * . .
permitted the subjugation of Hungary by a foreign invader ; Atthishouri it is in the name of JSngland that our rulers basely pay homage to the tyrants of the Continent , and still more meanly submit to wrong and insult at the bands of the slaveB and satellites of Austria . To this policy , at once both slavish and criminal , the sentiments of the British people are opposed-. But their sentiments are unrepresented in the Cabinet and Legislature . Far from reflecting that sympathy for ' oppressed nationalities , ' which , undoubtedly , is cherished by the majority of the British
People , British Statesmen , so-called , are eager to apologise for the crimes of the European despots , both legitimate and illegitimate . That the chiefs of the two great parties , the leaders of both tho late and present Governments , vied with each other in their praise of the French usurper , at a moment when the heart of every honest man beat with the strongest indignation at the contemplation of that tyrant's atrocities , is a fact that TeSecta not more disgrace npou a Pemjt and a RUssell , than humiliation upon the county dishonoured by their rule .
It is time that England should forsake her policy of selfish isolation , and assume a position answering to the claims of Humanity . All other European nations are gagged or overawed , and if not here , then nowhere on this Bide of the Atlantic may freedom look for a true and faithful ally . Nations have their duties as well as individuals ; aad certain it is that all the duties of this country are not comprised in the Manchester formula—to * buy in the cheapest and
sell in the dearest market . ' One grand , leading duty tor this nation to perform , is to take the initiative and the lead in that organisation of the peoples which no terror , no proscription , can much longer prevent . In the great war of principles , England will be compelled to take a side . The sympathies of our rulers are evidently on the side of the despots . To nullify this great evil British Democracy must declare its unequivocal adhesion to the cause of the . peoples .
" THE STAR OF FREEDOM " will represent these advanced phases of Democracy . It will contend for the Social Ri ghts aud Social Salvation of the People ; and will insist upon the necessity and duty of all nations combining to work out their common deliverance . But above and before all , the " Siar of FbeedOM " will advocate such a reform in our Political Institutions as will invest the People with sovereign authority , and thereby enable them to work out
their own regeneration , and to give effective aid to their Brethren of other lands . Of all Political Reforms , the first to be sought is Reform in Parliament ; and of all schemes for reforming tbe Representation , there is but one worth y the People ' s support—that which will enable every man to exercisa his rights as a citizen , fully and freely , through the means of Universal Suffrage , Vote by Ballot , Annual Parliaments , Equal Electoral Districts , No PnoPEBTr Qualification , and Payment of Members .
To revive the energy and to re-establish the union so strikingly manifested in the early days of -the Northern Star , ' to Collect the scattered forces of Democracy , to unite hearts and hands in national combination for the triumph of our sacred principles , will be tbe unceasing , unswerving aim of L'AMI DU PEUPLE .
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FRANCE . ( From our own CormpondentJ . Pabis , Wednesday , April 21 st , 1852 . From Paris starts the signal for the upriging of nations . Of Jate it has always been the French who bave set the example of sacred insurrection and rorolution . Over the whole continent of Europe , the enslaved , depraved , and wretched people bave no hope save * in a general appeal to arms . They wait the signal . The tocsin must sound here , the clang of arms , the beating of drums , the roaring of cannon io Paris , will , therefore , be sweet music to the eara of the oppressed nations of Europe .
Europe presents a strange spectaolo . She is like some flock of innocent sheep , with , at the throat of every one , a furious bull-dog pinning them to tho earth . In the centre is a sullen old ram , held down by ono of the fierce hounds that once guarded the gates of Hadea . The old ram is still , but only preparing to struggle . The rest look on anxiously ; at the least movement of \ ue leader they will struggle also . Hungary , though trodden under foot by despotism ] though crushed by taxes , though overrun with spies , is but a volcano gradually inflaming , and its lava mounting to tho surface ; Poland sighs to bo in motion ; Rome is Sept still by an army of police and twenty thousand foreign troops ; Yenice longs , ardently , to see her beloved Maniu once more ; Milan is more sombre and Auatrian-hafcing than ever ; Vienna ia kept still only by an overwhelming military force ; Berlin the same ; Baden . Hesse-Cassel and tYurtemburg likewise ; while Trance lies for the mo « ment prostrate beneath the yoke of an . iron despot the rival of Nero and Caligula . '
But France is only temporarily quiet . She longs for action . A vast army , the apathy consequent on February and June , ISiS , lavish expenditure of public money , the anxtety for some repose , keep the French still . But when the end of the year comeB , when a reckoning takes place , when a crushiug deficit astound the -whole nation , when a year shall have wearied the people of a gagged press , a defunct tribune , a sham representative ; when they shall Bicken at being plundered , robbed , stripped by a gang of bandits , as shameless and vile aa Jack Sheppwd , Maudvin , or Cartouche ( one taking twelvemillions , another 100 , 000 francs , another 30 , 000 , and so on ) theu the hatred , contempt , and disgust of the nation will explode , and we shall again be launched on the stormy path of revolution
. The present calm is wholl y factitious . An insurrection in Paris , which is being prepared unceasingl y by Orleanists and Republicans , would end all . Let the Republicans rise and triumph m Paris , and the face of Europe would be changed in a week . The Pope would fly once more and the wretched ruffian of Naples would be expelled from his throne , while Mazzmi at Rome , Maninat Yenice , Kossutb ia Hungary , other patriots at Milan , Vienna , Berlin would vindicate the rights of man , and establish , once for all peace , unity , and concord .
Let none deceivo themselves . Thia democratic revolution must , and will take place . The sooner it comes the better . The state of the press is dismall y ludicrous . The editors know not what to say , so they say nothing They are threatened with seizure for a gibe , for the merest allusion which looks like opposition . The Charivari" has been threatened with extinction , for a hint telling againBt the President's nasal organ . He has not forcotten the continued satires upon himself which appeared before December .
The review and fete of the tenth is finall y selected as the day on which the Empire is to bo proclaimed—accidents excepted . Now the accident that stands in the way is O " determined opposition of tbe Emperor of Eu >> --upheld the so-called rights . of Henry y On .- The Muscovite Czar is very Trill s- .. „ brine the French people '" ¦ ' -ia , who notions , to ma ka ?•¦ ^ CA ? bord - to militav- - « oot , to teacfthl ° leOn J ° . „ ,. -uem nund authoritv tn h em reasonable ., and priestly rule , all Ji \ C habltu ! l t ° them .. .... ions restoration of the divine richt n a Tiew to . the perial dynasty on the tbrone , firmly fivlH Url ) Ons < A ' against this blessod consummation Rn M ° J ! tnilitate Russia protests , and Napoleon hesitates Emperor of A pretty thing it is that a conclave ' of mffi ' v ' Alexander Russia , Francis Austria tw ! - 5 ~ such aB Louis France and fools , such as IlJnrL v " ? Bomba anything to do with the fate of the unfLnn s f houll . . have These fellows actually fancy that the nSn , f ^ lIll 0 "l ' !>»• been mtoteiWE&i ^! ^*'"*
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for a ridiculous accident , they might have been born John Tomkins , 13 : 11 Slater , oi- any other heroic democratic individual , or wretched nobody , there will be no real progress until we strip rank , power , title , of its gaudy trappings , and look at them iii their nakedneas . Tho history of monarchy is this : Ahundred men , a hundred families find themselves on an island . There are ninety industrious , hard working men , and ten idle rascals . But these idle rascals are clever and acute , ' and audacious ' so they band together , take advantage of the disunion and ignorance of their fellows , and levy plunder on the rest , which they call taxes . Then the cleverest rogue of tho ten is aarned captain ; duke , king ; while td ensure the continuations of his tyrannyi he rewards his assooiates with . ....
. titles , a share of the plunder , makes ' -himself hereditary chief , and 80 on . In . course of time , thanks to the ignorance of the ninety and thoir descendants , they forget how rascally their rulers came to be over ug , ' and are led to believe that God put them at their . hend . Hence tho abaurb belief in divine right . In aircoutitries some similar process , in barbarous times , has Jed to monarohy and aristocracy , which , from tradition , we are ninies enou » h enoueh to rogard with veneration and respect . ' * "There ' s a good titnocoming . ' : Tho gradual abolition of the standing aritiy in- France is called for by the Republicans . They arb convinced that there is no ljope for economy , or retrenchment , or for Democracy , until tbts nuisance is abolished .
Arrests ,. transportations , exiling , continue with unabated vigour . No man is safe . No mandates to express an opinion for fear of arrest . The least disrespectful allusion to the Prince President is followed by arrest and imprisonment . The infamous spy system . is carried out to a frightful extent—it is tho bulwark of the new constitution . ° I shall keep you well up to the Democratic ' news of Pans and send you extracts from the reports of my correspondents at Vienna , Venice , and Berlin / fcc , Thore aro events of moment at hand .
CRUSADE AGAINST THE FOREIGN JOURNALSTHE COMING "EMPIRE " -THE VICTIMS OF
TYRANNY-PRECAUTIONS AGAINST THE WORKMEN—DEATHS OF NOTABLE CHARACTERS . On Sunday a general razzia was made on the foreicn newspapers received at the post-office . ] n answer to inquiries , tho applicants were informed that otdevs had been sent from M . do Maupas to send all the journals received from abroad to the ministry of police ' . Such an act of despotism exceeds the tyrannical system of Russia and Austria . For some time past great irregularity has been experienced in the distribution of foreign papers , the greater part of which , particularly those from Belgium and Bwitterlaiid , are kept back till their inte } ii « enco is out of date . Evidently the system of terror on which the present government , leans is , instead of relaxing , growing more intense .
Discontent multiplies , and in proportion must be multiplied the pressure whioli coerceB all complaint . No class escapes the vexatious activity of thegovernmeiTt , whoso iron hand p inches in all directions , and smites alFwho groan under the infliction . But of all the fantastic schemes afoot , tho debasement of tho copper coinage is that which will most completely depopularise the President , whostjeffigy is to be spread by this means . " VYtiat peasant throughout France will be brought to understand how he can suffer aught but loss by being forced to give up a penny that wei ghs an ounce to receive in turn one that .. wei ghs' only half an ounce . What better argument against ' tbe government de facto would tho factions of . pre 5 and . ers desiro to put in the hands of all Frenchmen than " thwV . dwarfed copper piece , which is to penetrate everywhere ; A government that shows so little policy iri its reforms is likely at no
very distant period , to afford a . vory gratifying spectacle to its enemies , by making use of . the ' rope allowed it in the manner they most desire . Hence , there is little tendenoy towards fresh adhesions on the part of important men . The purses afforded out of the public pocket to senatorial sinecures aro unenvied by tho prudent inrftrpportion to the smothered indignation of tho oppressed jgjx-payer . It is reported that several < % ; ingj £ fttied professional men have refused the oath of fidelity to the President as weii at M . Martin ( de Strasbourg . ) Among these are M . Villemain . secretary of the Academy ; Jules Simon , professor at the Sorbonne , and formerly member of the constituent assembl y ; Boissonnarde , profeasor at tho Sorbonne , and a celebrated Greek scholar ; Bouasingault , member of tbo Academy of Sciences , and professor at the Conservatoire des Arisefc Metiers ; " and eeveral professors of rhetoric in the colleges of Paris .
. v « ° 1 I ° " "F P assa £° ° f ^ e " Momteur de l'Armee , " the official military journal , has been much noticed :-"The grand ceremony of the 10 th of May will bo an adnurable military fete , in which tho entire army will borepresented , and will give to the head of the state a fresh assurance of its devoted concurrence towards all the great measures which are about to lift society upon a solid aad durable base , " It is impossible that language can speak clearer the ntention of the army to propose the empire ; these words admit of no other interpretation . What is to be the President ' s demeanour in the presence of this demonstration , and how is he to make good his spoechof March 20 at the Tuileneal In the meantime , this ereat military ft . t
absorbs public attention . An altar will be erected in the midst of tbo square , mass will be celebrated in the open air , as in the great civic fetes of the first revolution , and then the distribution of the eagles will commence , upon the same spot whore the Emperor in person performed this function after his coronation . Five thousand plates for officers' schakos have been ordered from a manufacturer of the Marais , bearing the eagle , with a spaco left for a crown . The miniater of general police has sent a circular to the prefects of departments , containing directiona with respect to political offenders who have been condemned by the departmental commiasiona to intenwncnt ( forced residence in a particular place ) , and to sur veillance of the police . Tho minister saya that the object of tho internement is to " de-¦ troy relations and influencesjwhich had produced grave disorders and veritable dangers ; " and that the Object of iw veWfoneeis
"to prevent communications destined to favour plots against the sa ety of the state , or manoeuvres of a nature to compromise public tranquillity . " The internet are to be subjected to surveillance , and both they and tho survetlle ) are to present themselves once a fortnight before the local authorities of the place in which they reside . They are not to leave tbe department , even for a temporarv purpose , without permission , and the prefect of the department to which they may wish to go is to be informed when tne permission is granted . The prefects are to display great severity with respect to demands to visit Lyons and the neighbourhood or Versailles , and are to display great reserve m granting authorisations to visit the departments of the Allier , the Basse 3-Al pes , the Ardeohe , tbe Cher , the Herault , the Indre , the Nievre , and the Var . Tho minister reserves to himself alono the power of giving authorisations to visit Paris or its banlieue , and intimates that they will only bo granted as an exceptional favour in very serious
cases . . The following ia the form of a recantation which the po-Iitioal prisoners in tho south of France have been forced to wgn bythe < 7 race commissioner , M . Quentin Bauchart , before the clemency of the President could be extended to them : — " I , the undersigned , , declare that I accept with gratitude the pardon granted me by the Prince President of ™ a Republic of the penalty of expulsion from France , to which I was condemned by tho mixed commission , and I promise never to belong to any secret society , never again to occupy myself with politics , and to bo faithful to the government which France gave to herself by the votes of 20 th and 21 st Dec , 1851 . I also promise to conform as a person under surveillance , ' to the orders of the authorities . "
Orders have been sent to several prefects in the south of France to send no more political exiles into Belgium , but only to England . Some few from some of the proviuce » are to bo sent into Spain , but upon condition of proving their means of existence , and undertaking not to reBide near the frontier . Two newBpapei' 3 in tho department of the Gironde , the 11 Journal du Peuple" and the " Courier de la Gironde . " have been seized . The term of the imprisonment of i [ , vexpired , he has been exiled into . Ji " ' been fixed as his place of * ' " ' A letter from , B » tfJ were ae ^ o - ' - » oudhon havir b . ^ e ^^ ' ^ ' ^ Bastognehi
-. ueaux of the 14 th inst . atatp . ?! , „» iu . ¦•«» women amonest th « nnisVl \ ¦ that tner < . «? * ^^ dKSffKSX SsBSSSSpSSSS awawafsasssa ! "W « " * i SUSS S 5 SAJJSSS
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Very few aro likely to obtain these necessary documents , as it is to bo a condition t'iat they shall possess sufficient resources to enable them to lire a month in tho capital without labofir . Prince Paul of Wurtemberg , brother of tho feigning King of Wurtemberg , brother-in-law of Jerome Bonaparte , and consequently undlo of the President , expired on Friday the 16 th , at liis hotel iu the Place Vendotne . It is said that tho prince w » 8 con ? erted before bis death from tho Protestant faith to Roman Catholicism . Marshal Gerard died on Saturday , at four in the afternoon , in tho seventy-ninth year of hia age . Etienne Maurice Gerard , Count and Marshal of France , was bom in April , 1773 ,. at Damvilliers ( Meuae ) . Ho entered the
army aa a volunteer in 1701 . He was present at Fleurus ; was at ono time aide . de camp of Bernadotte ; was colonel at Austerlitz J general of brigade in the Russian campaign ; general of division in September , 1812 ; count of the Empiro in 1 § 13 ; warstial ' biMpCfi . in 1830 j peer of France . at the satftfr-timc ^ Agenemp ^ ibief-i ^ t tho taking of Antwerp in 1832 ; 't * i <» Mini « fr § r ' of War j twice 1 resident- of the Council of Ministers ; ;< fommander iu-eh'ief' of the National Guards ' of the ^ Seihe ; twice Grand Chancellor of the Logion of Honour - 'GraM Cross of that order Bince July 29 , 1814 ... Tae . deoea 8 e 4 i ~ tOjolt part in all ' the great battles of the Empire . ¦ InSfeonsequenoe of the death of Marshal Gerard there remain -at present only five marsnals in Franoe-Reille ; pr * Brdted ' itr ; 1847 j Jerome Bonaparte ,
in 1850 ; and Excelmah 8 , H » p ^;; and Yaillant , in 1851 . The money hitWto ' iaiBeJ % i rte ^ ale-pfXpuia Philippe ' s books has been seized . TMt « Bale will ^ ioubtless be suspended . Some of the members of tlie ^ onseil des rPrud'hommea , and the delegates of the workmen employed in the shawl manufactories of the department of the Seine , have presented a petition to the President of ., the Republic , praying him to cause an import dlityqf ; l OOOf . ' eachto be placed on long Cachemire shawls of foreign manufacture , and 600 f , on square shawls . The petitioners state that this duty is necessary for their n / otection , aa , although the shawls of French manufacture are , they say , superior in beauty and quality to the Indian Cachemires imported from England , the latter bate a preference , merely because they are of foreign make .
A letter from Bourgcs of the 16 th mst . announces an incendiary fire to haVe taken place on Ea 3 ter Sunday morning in a wood not far front . the town , by which aa extent of twenty-five acres was burnt down . There appears to exist no doubt that this fire was the work of incendiaries , who fifteen days previously , set Sre to the forett of Plaimpied , tbe property of the hospitals of-Bourges . The " Journal de 1 'Tonne" of . the 16 th inst . contains an account of a great number of incendiary fires which bad taken place in that department within a few days . On Monday nii'htjJOO political prisoners were packed off
in oompanies , frcwcuePfort of Ivry , to the terminus of the Rouen Railway , whence they , were oonveyed to Havre to be embarked fur thepeh ' al colony of Lambessa , in Africa . Among these unfortunate > j ; eraoii 8 was M . Souesme , whose pardon having been " announced in some paper drew reclamations from the " Asscmblee Rationale" against thia excess of clemency . " : - The extinction of opinion in two fresh provincial newspapers iaaunounced , to-day . The " Union" ofDinan , and tho "Commerco Breton " , of St ,, Malo , announce that they cease under the present circumstances oi tho press , to have anything todo with politics . ¦ ; :.: ; ' '!
In the list given by the " Moniteur . ' ! of tho lectures which are to open at the Sorbonne , the ' . riamo of M . Jules Simon , professor of philosophy , doea ' not appear . M . Jules Simon was member of the Constituent , and belongs to the party of Moderate Republicans represented by General Cavaignao . The omission of his name in the official organ is attributed to the r .-fusal of M . Jules Simon to take the oath of fidelity to the President . A new circular has been issued by the Minister of Police , to his subordinates , the polico inspectors-general , designed to put a Bpecious varniBh upon the odious spy system of which he has been made tho head . To theso gentlemen , eight only in liutnber , is . coufided'the "lofty mission" of pouring uernutuiil ffpod ' s . ' oflfotit . u ' noh the . Prinoe President
of tho Republic ' relative to the wTtiits , wishes , interests , ' habits , and tendenciea of thirty millious of Frenchmen . If they act up to M . Maupaa ' a instructions , tuey will certainly be the most hard worked men in France . They are not to rem .-iin long at home , but are to bo continually running about in their bailiwicks , learning the prioe of corn and other provisions , inquiring what leases are to bo renewed , what property is to be sold , how agriculture , commerce , and manufactures are going on , and what may bo the daily State of charitable establishments , mortgage banks , and all useful and philanthropical institutions . Public morala , publio religion , public theatres , and public-houses , are all
to be under their superintendence . They are to push their way into the master ' s manufactory » nd tho operative ' s hovel , and to be continually putting questions to masters and men . In addition to this they are to act as lecturers , and are to preach every whero tbJ& * virtues of tho Prince President of the Republic . The impertinent interference implied in the aboxe catalogue will not in all probability be SO extensive as may be intended because , unless the inspectors be more than mortal , their time will be fully occupied with the more congenial part of their duties pointed out in conclusion , namely , to keep % sharp look-out upon secret societies , books , newspapers , and all political conversation .
The following placard was lately found upon the walls of the mayor ' s house at Florae ( Lozere ) underneath the copy of the President ' s speech at the installation of tho groat bodies of the state ;—" Impudent usurper ! God is our defender , and , in spite of the oppression of your despotism , Socialism , which Ilia Son plaiited upon the earth , will remain standing , for He has said , ' All shall pass away , but My words shall not pass away . ' " ( Signed ) Ah Unfortunate Proscribed . " Underneath this were drawings of a death ' s head and a dagger . The Mayor of Rouen has decreod that the Pluce and Rue de la Republique shall in future bo called tho Place and Rue Imperials , The " Moniteur" announces that the distribution of eagles to the National Guard will not take place at the aamo time as to the army , but is adjourned to August 15 th .
GERMANY . Berlin , Afrit , 16 . —The new constitution for the Electorate of Hesse has beon published at Cassel on tho 11 th inst . Having been drawn up by the federal commissioners and M . Haasenpflug in the plentitude of arbitary power , it maj be taken aa a i ' air sample of tho sort of thing which absolutists in Germany aro willing to let pass under tho name of a constitution . That it offers no real check to tbe governing power may be presumed . Tbe thing is not worth mote than this notice , excepting tho addition that tho enjoyment of civil rights is made dependent on the confession of Christianity , whereby the emancipation of the Jews in Hesse is totall y recinded . Tho death of the Grand Duke of Baden is now hourly expected .
The emigration from Germany has so increased that the Bremen journals record almost with terror tho number of peraons who sailed from that port on ono day , the 15 th . ; it is estimated as above 5 , 000 . An electric despatch from Berlin , dated Aprii ; i 9 , says : — ' The opening of the Congress of the Zolleverein took place to-day . M . de Manteuffel , President of the Council of Ministers , pronounced the opening discourse , in which he expressed a regret that circumstances had not permitted government to convoke the Congress sooner . At
the same time ho hoped that their deliberations would have o for results the renewal of tho Zolleverein , and that it i would be extended to other states , b y means of treaties i having for effect to draw closer the existing union , by i creating new interests , destined to develop mater ' ai « " " p 6 rity « Letters from Cassel state , that sev «>~' have been arrested , on score * ' ' painter , who , ga a --pulated for »«•"•• . „ ,,. his i
-4 <* i political persona wurapensSn ^ foS i- en , by a yoUD £ . - niaintenancrin Zme l h I ISclosure 9 ' i ? ti ' ^ uaies . u ivom e , whilst proseouting by FoSfc ^ Chambws ™ ° Prorogued the I 7 t a
AUSTRIA AND ITALY It is reported at Vienna fW + usUoin ilaly , that fftriS ? 'fr T sucha ^ T jro circumstances which oL , S ,. Ogular P olico duty «" Florence form very pretty ^ S ? V lonS 8 in <* at story . As an Austrian Sard ^ to tli e Mather whether intentionall y or nSvW pa 8 SIn & > an » aM » nspifc close- before the officeMn l nfownw « < M not knowrested the offender , and mJdl „ co ^ I the latter arfnoc A young miJ , tho * £ ? / . the men s P ifc in llis judicial court , whSwa w ^ kin ° tllQ l 1 ^ ide , 1 fc of some toiyn- ' and / iWding / aSeSii ^ th ? - Outskirts of Jim . captain ; ' Tfijj- lawSkWtf — 3 ^ inst dtl ¦ Au 8 tritm which wcro , returnl /»? h - ?( ' i ! aoiuo ' offensiv 0 epithets ,. Italian . Tfii ^ 0 ? tE'L'J ?" ' * the hot -bloodci 1 uniform had the riviif Matter was that tlie man in were infl otari „«« ' ?? arrested ^ enty-fivo bio-2 jd 8 £ ^ tf ^ " 2 & *' asaif tSB&air- ¦
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opinion of my informant that things oannot possibly remain as they now are in Italy for any length of timo . Tho Austrian officers openly say that they should like " to drive tho Italians into the sea , " and the Italians vow that if they had the power they would put every ono of thoir opproBsors to tho sword . Accounts from Naples , dated the Utli instant , state that during the last few days the politically accused , amoffntfag to twenty-eight , had been removed from th& prisbAs o ? Naples to the penal islands . 1 ho accounts from Montefuaco , where Poerlo atid his companions are confined , are still very sad . A special' order hast armed , from the general of the district , at MoStefugco ; which says , " These prisoners are to be treated with ' the full prison severity , especially Poerio and Niaco , who jtffcnafe worthy to live . They are to have no medical treatment . '
IONIAIf ISLANDS . ., „ /? " # ! wjtjten by an English W « tor to Corfu , says : — a ?^? "Plating onLotiisHaitoleon ' a . zrioTflments ana tne doings of the iiew English Mittistry ,-but principally wnn reference to the war queitton' , and auto nay change in the governor of these islands , who- is quite as tyrannical m his way ,- thbugh a Whig , as Loais Napoleon . AS iar as I . can judge tho people will notBtsnd it muoh , longer , and joii will hear moro of hia doing * 3 W England
TURKEY . We have received accounts from Constantinople to thtf Ota in » t . Publio attention was muohexoited ln the Turkish capital by the movements of troops which were taking " place , m the neighbourhood of tho Moldavia-Walaohiau provinces , and by the presence of the Emperor Niohola 9 in Bessarabia , whoro he was about to pass some grand reviews . The Divan , does not , however , appear to share ia the apprehensioua entertained by tho publio ort ihi » aubjeot . : ^ ¦"" bnBB&dorwith a numerous suite has arrived from tandahar . A few daya Bince he remitted his letters of credence to the Snltan , who received him with great courtesy . It is said that the mission relates to certain concessions claimed for the pilgrims of the north of India . Others will have it that it concerns the Herat question , and that the ambassador has instructions to engage the Sultan to deolare war against Persia . A great mystery is attached to tho negotiations with the Porte , which , cannot ultimately but become public . .
SWITZERLAND . A telegraphic despatch received yesterday from our Paris correspondent announces tho termination of the eleotoral contest in the canton of Berne . The question for the voten was , sball the mandate of the council , an executive body , liberal but conservative , be enrolled or not ? The answer is 42 , 000 votes for maintaining the council in office until the lapse of the period for which they were elected , and bufc 36 , 000 for the revocation .
. AMERICA . PARTY CONTESTS-FATAL RIOT—KOSStTfl AT MOBILE . AND NEW ORLEANS-ABOMlNATIONS OF SLAVERY—DREADFUii SIEAM-BOAt MS- - ASTERS—&c , &c . . The « 'New York Tribune ! ' of the 7 th inst . reports tkf th ' tf politicians of both parties have been actively at worii within the two preceding weeks , marshalling their fortes and making preliminary arrangements for the Presidential ! contest in November . The Whigs of Kentuoky seem to have chosen for their candidate as future' President , tho present occupant , Millard Fillmore , in preference to Scott or Webster , Judge Douglas seems to be the favourite of tho Western Democrats . . ' •
An awful not took plaoe at tho election in St . Louis lately ; . 'As near as- can be ascertained , a hit Germans took offence at some cause not stated , and fired with guns * from one of the houses in the vicinity upon a crowd at ono of the . , polls . The latter beoame infuriated , and tore down ! tho house . Tho alarm soon spread , and a mob was speedily collected " who were also fired upon from tttO mniiQwS ot ihree ' or four houags ,-which ' jn their turn were demolished .. A large . number of persons were either killed or wounded during the melee . " ' ¦¦ ¦ Kossuth has had a most enthusiastic reception at Mobile . The meeting was very large and unanimous . Many of the most distinguished Alabamians participated . Tbe date of his return to New York waa uncertain . He wa 3 said to have received a considerable sum of money in aid of hia eausg .
kossuth ' s visit to New Orleans appears to have been rather of a private than a public character . Another fugitive , Ores Preston , has been arrested at New York , torn from his homo and family , and consignd to slavery . " It is useless , " saya the " Tribune , " for us to attempt to depict the grief and despair of Preston ' s wife ,, when her husband was torn from her by tho officors , ntftf the pitiful sorrow of his little step-daughter , who was there to take leave of him ; but In plaoe of our report of toars and exclamations of theso bereaved ones , every wifo and child can imagine what their feelings would be if the
husband and father should be suddenly seized , doomed to endless bondage , and hurried from them for ever . " We are glad to follow with an opposite picture to the above : The late Mrs . Ware , of Frankfort , Kentucky , by her will emancipated all her slaves—thirty in number—and purchased for them thirteen hundred acres of good land ia Ohio , lying on tho Miami Canal . Twenty-seven of these disenthralled human beings recently arrived in Cincinnati from Frankfort in charge of the executor of tho estate o £ their late mistress and were purchasing waggons , agricultural implements , and storeB for their now home .
On the night of the 5 th , a storm of wind , and snow , and hail , combined , broke upon tho city of Now York , doing considerable damage to property . Tho tido in the North River rose bo high that the water In many placosbroko over the piers , and in \ Ve 6 t , and other adjoining Btreets , a large , number of streets were flooded . Destructive fires had occurred at Paducah , Kentucky . Louisville , and Elizabeth City , North Carolina . Intelligence had reached New York of the total loss of the steamshi p North America , Capt . Blethen , whioh vessel belonged to Mr . Vanderbilt , and was employed on the new line between Ban Juan and San Francisco . It appears that
on the night of the 28 th of February , this splendid vessel ran on a sunken reef about soventy miles south of Aoapulco . The night was fortunately oalm and clear , which enabled all the passengers and crew to get ashore in safety . The vessel was bound from San Juan to San FranciacO , fond had on board about 800 passengers . These unfortunate F ° l S ^ crew k Diade theil > wa y t 0 Aoa Pulco by land . The passengers by the steamship Tennessee , whioh touched at that port at the time , bound for San Francisco , generousl y made up a purse of 1 , 000 dollars for the relief of tho sufferers , but thia would render little aid toward supplying the wants of so many peoplo who were in a state of entire destitution .
Tho steamer Independence , with a valuable freight , had been totally wrecked at Malta-Gorda . Sho run aground in a terrible storm , and wont to pieces . The whole oargo , and many of the passengers , were lost . —On the 3 rd , tho steamer Redstone , from Maunson ( Ia . ) , for Cincinnati , with about seventy persons on board , blew up as she was leaving port . . The force of the explosion was terrific , and completely shattered the boat , which immediatel y sunk in twenty feet of water . Only tho captain and clerk were saved , and the former was severel y , if not fatally , injured-On the 4 th the steamer Glencoe , of New Orlean * maKing her landing at St . Louis , burst all h * - ' taking fire , burnt to the water ' s ede » ' Bongers , a largo number of » - ' other Bteamers , lyin * - ' damage , and a »••• were b > - M
" . v- -, whilo wi - ooiJors , and . .. She had 150 pas-.. < iom were killed ; and three amhaH r' ° Z ldc """ Mood considerable ¦« »> killedf m e ofmen belonging to thoso veineli - instant as HmJ [ cx P ° sion .-On tbo evening of tho tbe bay to \ W v , ewner City of Richmond was going up stem ibrnnW 2 ' a schooner waa eoen to settle down when ill « f « : .. our men were Been on board , forward , from thi B £ . , dden disappeared . A boat was lowered Someartini ^ amer buk none of the crew could be found . S ^ o ^^ P ^ edup . nmonffwhich was a waterstill » mJW was ainted " Kainbow . " Her mast-heada stui remained about four feet above water . aaa two E , ? 0 U 8 dor re P ° tJ ) a , e a fleet ' imposed of 'rTimj ? s T and four amaller vesselS l were seen fvW nff whffi ' - was su PP ° sed tWs ffM Flores > "QTOdSKi- u which ho intended to attack that town , and was nr ! - h war a sL enBaSem ? - J , « S » * t had dlP " ' p -r e o mer 8 S 1 . Florcs fc * ' Florea had ' racino isteam Navigation Company ' s steampengaged from 2 , 000 to 2 , 500 men , prin " Irish . ' *
According to correspondence New York , there had be * which had injured the ' Lad . also been aff-. ¦¦ < ¦¦ ¦ ¦ : ¦ - lions ' , were v * r ' . '' , ' . ' '•' . ' ' " ' " ¦ ¦'¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ - . )¦ ¦¦ <[ ¦¦ v , Havana . . ' ' ' : ; ' : ; . (• ., ¦ , . ¦ . . ' -, ¦ ; Adv = : •¦¦¦ ¦¦ ¦¦• ¦ ¦ ' •¦• •* :- . . ' ..:,,.,. - . . , ,. ,.., " . . , : , :
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> fl / fcj £ ( u *^ -Hjtild vy / j » d K - " v ^ -Cf oifo ** ' fl THE STAB & NATIONAL TRADES' JOURNAL *^ WILL , AFTER THIS WEEK , BE PUBLISHED UNDER THE TITLE O ¥ **^^^^ ' ' ^ ^^ mm^^^— ¦ —^—^* — 1 ^^— <*~ iTl^^—X ^^ f 1 ¦ ¦ I ' ' ' ' ** " " '" *— i- »^—^—^— —¦ . 1 - . . . ¦ ¦¦_ _ __ I . ¦— . iilB . IM * ljt "" *^*** ^ *— ^*^ W * ^ ^_ ,
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YOL . iy . no . 754 . LOHDOK , SATDBDAY , APML 24 , 1852 . ^ E 3 Kg ^ £ Sr * ^ i 4- . . ^ ^^^^^^^^ Bam ^ *^^* M
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 24, 1852, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1675/page/1/
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