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Northern Star (1837-1852), 20th March 1852, Edition 1 of 2, Page 8, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      After a discussion , the debate was adjonrned fora fortnight , for the purpose of further inquiry . AnoMBTOCTHAOES H THB SOBIH OF IRELASD . - 'TheI A ™ BGeseral for lEELiSD moved for a Select ; Comnntee to m quire iuto the causes of crime and outr agerprevaamg _ i counties of Armagh , Mouaghan , and JW >« n :. * " -f £ Deech this motion , the ^ J-JjgJ * S ^ S on such occasions , by g ving a « e * "S r ^ llMnta ? F interfeoutrages and cnmes which caaoyor Pam ^ rence , and instanced a nun . !) " of mnrae ^ wh committed besmmnsin J ^ W ^ Twas attributable sassaas »^ teg required a iiATCHB .. .. . .: ,. - —^ T ^ ror a fort

      aur . * -r ^ " ^ - ^ late special commissions SAtrvf ^ rea thoug h the evidence on which he procalculated upon verdicts . He , however , wished to aay that healone was responsible for the prosecutions which had hppn instituted , and not the Lord Lieutenant , who had been S ^ ropSy blamed for them . He trusted that the result of the committee would be the preparation of a nvasnre which would meet the existing crime in Ireland , tiiooffh it was unfortunately no new feature in itshistory , but had in various shapes , and with different objects , formed the subject of legUtitioa for the last thirty years .

      Mr . Halliwell thanked the government for having taken up the subject . Mr . M'Culxagh deplored the existence of crime in Irean' 1 , but hoped that the committee would not confine itself to the immediato causes of that crime , but would also investigate it 3 latent and remote causes . The present Lord Chancellor of Ireland had been sent to Limerick in 1 SA 7 , when that district was in a Btate even . more disorganised than that which they were then discussing . He had not found it necessary to alter the fundamental criminal law ; nor was it necessary in the present instance . The motion was then agreed to . On the motion of Mr . Headlaxd , a Committee on the Lawi of Mortmain was appointed . WEDNESDAY , Mahch 17 .

      BOUSE OF COMMOKS . —A debate of Borne length arose upon the second reading of a private bill—the Manchester and Salford Education Bill — whioh , was moved by 3 Ir . Beothebtox , who stated that the measure had originated with the inhabitants of those boroaghs , amongst whom -were three parties , all desirons of promoting education , but who differed a 3 to the means , tke bill being promoted by the party in favour of a combined religious education , whilst only the advocates of the voluntary system opposed the bill altogether .

      ilr . SI . Gibsos moved , as an amendment , the appoint , menl of a Select Committee to inquire into the state of education in Manchester and Salford , and to report whether it was desirable to make any and what further provision for the education of their inhabitants by means of local rates . He looked upon this as a very extraordinary private bill . The reasonable mode of dealing with this subject was by setting the general principles of a measure applicable to the whole community , and then to allow particular localities to avail themselves , if they thought fit , of the general provisions . So important a change in public policy should be preceded by inquiry . Independently of this preliminary objection , he disliked some of the provisions of the bill , though not averse to the supporting of edncation by local rate * . In the course of the discussion that followed

      , R . r . \ imiovB , commending the motives of the p romoters of this measure , and desiring to assist them , thought the house should not sanction the second reading of the bill DUt Should , adopt the amendment , with some alteration ! The rating clauses of the bill would supersede the voluntary efforts of religious bodies to contribute to the education of children of the humbler classes , and the making all Mhools open to all children ' was a ' priuciple the consequences of which should be well weighed . There were other principles in the bill which required consideration , and he recommended the house , as the safest course , to adopt the amendment , omitting the words relating to local rating .

      liord J . Russell agreed in the main principles laid down by Mr . Walpole , and thought the promoters of the me . iV sure could not do bslter than consent to the appointment Of a Committee , and suspend the bill until the Committee had made its report . Lord John indicated his views upon the subject of these schools , which , he believed , could only be supported by something in the shape of a local rate . He concurred in the great ( . rlnciple contained in tiie bill , that edncation ought not to be purely secular . Sir R . Indus objected to rise principle of the bill , maintaining that the education of the people was a national concern , and onsht to be conducted by the Church .

      Mr . Fox objected that the bill introduced a new principle of legislation , that of extending church establishments . He supported the amendment , and truste-J that the inquiries of the Committee w » nid throw important light on the question of education . Colonel Thompson observed that there were only two modes of proceeding in such a mutter—either to establish a plan of education in which all could join , or to let ministers ot ail denominations teach religion to the children and receive their proportion of the money raised for edncation Ultimately a cemprmniss was asreed to between Mr Bkothertck and Mr . Gibsox , the second rending of the kili was postponed for a montu , and \\ was referred to a select com-Tulit-CBThe Pharmacy Bill was read a second time . M rJfe * 5 E ^ obtainM 1 ^ t 0 l ) rln , j n a W y abol . sh Property qualifications for members of parliament

      THURSDAY ; Mahch 18 . IIOTJSE OF LORDS—The Earl of Malmesbbrt admitted , in answer to Lord Beacmoxt , the truth of a statettent that a British , officer bad been cut down by a Tuscan official at Leghorn , who , he said , had been imprisoned for the offence . The Earl of Derm , on being questioned ly the Earl of tLLTESBORouGH , stated that the government concurred in the decision of the late ministry not to grant aid io volunteer nfle corps . The Earl of Shmtesbukt moved an address to the Crown n furtherance of the cst , i ? i ! i s ! iment of a state lunatio asylum for the custody of criminal lunatics ; but the Earl withdraw eCUn 5 > ^ motiou wa 3 < after some discussion , The house adjourned at seven o ' clock .

      r , £ ? p i ° I * p 0 XS .-In reply to a question from « tl ****** * the CHiSCEIAOBoftheExCHEQBEaSaid , that the British government had insisted that reparation ^ should be made by the Tuscan government for the outrage SS P ° a Mr * MatbCT > at FlMence ' by some Austriln « £ i J ™ ende f onred if > obtain information as'to fnv ? Sf g . 0 TCmm « it would explain their financial plains before the dose of the financial year-on the 5 th April , but i Iw ;/ hB Chancellor of the Exchequer siinplv replying ^ SH ? &tt £ " * «—f -JU ^| = SK S ^ e « Lt

      The Chaxcklwk ofthQ Exchequeb resisted the motion on the ground that the £ 30 , 000 granted in 1850 was pa das a settlement of the question . mot im ? " Hebbehi advised 3 Ie ' Reynolds to withdraw the preSiSoTd ^ vfton : Se teC ° mraendrf Mr - *«^ »* to Mr . Hvxe strongly advised Mr . Reynolds not to Dress thi » SWtffitSl !' ioias - - * «* S 5 S ! •^ CTS 0 ! S efmt - l BcnSBi 0 D ' ' ^ ynolds declining to lcS a < Sns ? l \ ° ' ™ neSatl ? ed UpOa a A ™ ° * £ Mr . Susnr moved for leave to bring in a bill to legalise the formation of industrial and provident partnership the principal features of which he shortly explained ' Mr . Walpole not objecting on the part of the government , leave was given . 6 The house was soon afterwards counted out . ob !

      { From our &cond Edition of last weeLj FRIDAY , JIahch 12 . M iSSS £ ^ SS ^ — ' rali 0 f ""* Lord Ltsdhchsi called the attention of the house to the senous interruption which a dissolution of parliament would cause to the progress of private bills , and moved for a return of those bills then pending before the house «¦? ££ « " ? . tU ) B then entere ( i into a statement of the intentions of the government as to the measures of Law . Reform now before the house , and concluded a Bneeeb rSd'ASLToFS 116 -- ^ desirablowitu mSSsss ^ a&S satia&ction at what w were

      orl ^ H ^ l 1 ? 0 ?^/^ by Uti Lyndhorst then HrnkwiSrSSS " ^ n adjonrned . SiHS-rSSSS ^ fSSIB ^ mLidiaupon this subject , with the intention of S « itin the form ofanamendmentof lESSSSiiSST ^ On the order of the day for the secondSffifS ' the Parliamentary Representation BUI , « u « uk w we ™ W « . J -fS 3 Tx saii 5 ? fcfcwtaeed this bill as a JImister of the Crown , and in pursuance of the recommendation contained in her Majesty ' s epeechfrom the ThronB hut he did not think he should be able to tarEvhS ?! not

      bill of this important nature as a private member of Par ^ ?«^ propose , therefore , to proceed with the bill this session , not precluding bimBelf , however from moving a general resolution on the subject of an amend ment of the representation . He moved the postponement of the second reading for three months . . ilr . Hbmb expressed Ms regret that the bill , however ^ perfect , was not to be proceeded with . After some observations from Mr . W . Williams , Mr T uuncombe , and Mr . G . Berkeley , the motion was agreed * to Bill ™ econd reading of the Corrupt Practices at Elections iJiu was poBtnoned till rtm 9 Xth inat vvu aiwvi

      \ 1 !• TT ? - * ^ w »* V # *^ ^« Ternmenw ^ ^^^^ tne in tention s of the present go"grffifc ^ JtS ^^* 1 " * cead wilh SlI 0 Hlntimated that he w 38 prepared to pro-On fl » SJfrP * Amendment BUI . lutat Bill , tea ttmgof the St . Alban ' s Disfranohise

      Untitled Article

      ———— ^————^ Mr . J . Beil complained that tbtfmasfcjrewas unjust towards those who , having given evidedoe to tbe ^ Commis . sioners , were to be disfranchised inconsequence of thejr disclosures , in violation of the pledge of indemnity . He then offered to the house elucidations of the general system of corruption , and his advice as to the best remedies—the result , he said , of experience which he had acquired at his own cost . He moved that the debate beadjourned ; but the motion was not « eonded . , . . , Mr . Home hoped that the history which the house had heard would induce the present government to attacK the root of the evil , and deal with other cases as well as that ot St . AlbanB . . _ The bill was read a second time , after a remark by Sir De Lacy Evans upon the case of Harwich . The house then weiit into committee upon the Personal Estates of Intestates Bill . , , , The house adjourned at a quarter past seven o clock until Monday . Mr . J . BEU complaineTSl ^ nWewas unjust to-

      Untitled Article

      THE ELECTIONS . Kildarb . —Withdrawal op Lord Saas . - Lord Derby s Chief Secretary for Ireland has been signally defeated . The electors of the Irish agricultural county of Kildare would not send him back as % member of the Protectionist Cabinet , to represent them in Parliament ; and being at length thoroughly convinced of their determination , he has nisely saved himself and his friends from the disgrace of being sent away from the hustings in a ridiculous minority , and withdrawn in time from the contest . Cork Cousn . —Mr . M'Carthy , one of the liberal candidates for Cork county , has withdrawn from the contest , leaving the field to the only remaining liberal , Mr . Scully , and to Mr . Frewen , the Protectionist , who , under preaent circumstances , is not likely to go to the poll .

      South Lascashidb . —Reiurs op Sir Jobs Trollope . — Sir John Trollope , the newly-appointed President of the Poor Law Board , was re-elected yesterday at Sleaford . There wers not at any time more than 200 persons present . Sir John Thorold , Bart ., of Syston , briefly proposed , and Mr . Anthony Wilson , leconded the nomination ; and no other person being nominated the undor-sheriff declared Sir John Trollope duly elected . Sir John in . returning thanks , said he should soon have to make another appearance before the electors , as the present Parliament was doomed , and would no doubt in the course of a very short time be dissolved .

      BncEisoHAMSHiRE . —Re-election op Mr . Disraeli . —The election of a member for this county , consequent on the acceptance of the office of Chancellor of the Exchequer by Mr . Disraeli , took place at Aylesbury yesterday , and terminated , as was expected , ia ' the re-election of the right hon . gentleman , after a show of opposition on the part of Dr . Lee , of Hartwell-liouse , who uas on former occasions been put in nomination . The election was held in one of the assize courts , which was densely crowded . —Mr . P . D . P . Duncombe proposed , and Mr . G . Carrington seconded , the nominaiion of Mr . Disraeli . Mr . Gibbs , of Aylesbury , aad Mr . Shaw , briefly nominated and seconded Dr . Lee , of H&rtwell-house . Mr . Disraeli , who was received with enthusiastic cheering , delivered a lengthy speech , at the commencement of which ho promised to give a most definite

      description of whatis the intended policy of the Government . The hon . gentleman wa 3 of opinion that the repeal of the Corn Laws , the sugar duty , and the navigation laws , was not carried into effect on principles of political and financial justice . He then proceeded as follows : —The income tax in this country is levied upon an income , in round numbers , of something more than £ 200 , 000 , 000 a year . Now , real property , which contributes exactly half of the revenue upon which the income tax is levied , namely , something more than £ 100 , 000 , 000 a year , one moiety of the great national income upon which tbe tax is levied—real pro * perty , besides contributing to the general taxation of the country , the imperial taxation , pays in . Great Britain alone £ 10 , 000 , 000 per annum extra . ( Hear . ) Why , then , it is quite clear upon the surface , that if £ 100 , 000 , 000 worth of property

      of the £ 200 , 000 , 000 , pays £ 10 , 000 , 000 extra , it pays £ 5 , 000 , 000 more than it ought to pay . But then it is said that real property consists of something else besides land . I admit it . I will put the case with great fairness . I will suppose that if re » l property is assessed to the income tax , for example , at something more than £ 100 , 000 , 000 land , only supplies , £ 50 , 000 , 000 , or a moiety of it . These are tho premises of our opponents . I will admit them . Then it follows that laud must pay £ 2 , 500 , 000 more than it ought to pay ; that is quite clear . It is quite clear , therefore , that by your system of local taxation , upon the question as stated by the Free Traders , land is subject to £ 2 , 500 , 000 per annum more than any other property in the country . ( Hear , hear . ) How , that is a very great burden , when you are calling upon the cultivator of the soil to

      enter into unrestricted competition with the cultivators of the soil of all other countries . ( Hear , hear . ) The British farmer had been told of hte years that heproduces too much wheat , ami tbat he should grow something else . But what is the case ? When you come to barley , what does the Legislature of this country do ? Why , it raises upon barley a revenue amounting to £ 11 , 000 , 000 sterling —( hear , hear , ) —a revenue equal to the revenuo of powerful Monarchies and ancient empires ( hear ); that is the amount of the revenue raised by the malt tax and the spirit tax . ( Hear hear . ) Sow , I say that that is monstrous ( hear , hear ) that that is a system which no doubt could have existed when you gave an artificial priee , as you say , to the farmer for his wheat ; but when you tell thQ farmer , " We have subjected you to such a severe competition that you must

      give up even growing wheat , " you are bound to take care that his production of the inferior crop is not laden with severe restrictions and heavy imposts . ( Hear , hear . ) Is tfeai justice ? ( " No , no . " ) Have your cheap bread and your foreign flour , but have them bp the exertion and by the gains of your own industry , and not by unjustly taxing your fellow countrymen , the producers of Great Britain Mr . Disraeli flatly denied the rumour that her Majesty ' s ministers shrank from appealing to the people . He did not think that Lord John Russell , who on quitting office did not consider that he was justified in recommending a dissolution , would turn round upon his successor , and challenge him to do tbe very act which he had himself described as one injurious to the country ? It was the intention of the government to bring in a bill for

      Chancery Reform , to proceed with the bill for disfranchising St . Albans , the Mutiny bill was not passed . The hon . gentleman concluded as follows : —I shrink from no immediate decision ; but allow me to say that , as far as I am concerned , the issue shall not be narrowed to the mere question of commercial legislation I shall ask the country to decide upon the policy of the late government in every respect and in every department — -upon that foreign policy which we endeavoured to check two years ago , though we were defeated in the attempt , and which the late Foreign Minister of England , only two months ago , virtually announced that we were right in opposing . I shall ask the opinion of the country upon tho colonial policy of the late Administration —( hear , hear )—a decisiou of the House of Commons upon which

      they escaped—I will not say they evaded—by the local militia . ( Laughter . ) I shall ask the opinion of the country upon that question of law reform to which I have referred . I shall ask the country if the recommendations of the Commissioners for the reform of the Court of Chancery ate to be carried into effect or not . I will make ? he issue wide and multiform , and whatever may be the Parliament that is collected together , that parliament shall be one which , at least , shall represent the decision of the people of England , not upon a single question , but upon all those great principles which should give colour to the policy and form to the conduct of a strong Administration . I know well the difficulties we have to encounter , but I confess that though our position may be critical I for one do not belk «« that it is perilous . I may express my hope that whatever may be the fate of the government , when we leave

      office tnere will at leaBt be among all temperate and impartial men a sense that , however humble may have been our efforts , we have endeavoured to do our duty to our countt j , to wre sovereign , and to our God . ( The right hon . gentleman was loudly cheered at the close of this address . ) After a few questions had been put to Mr . Disraeli by Mr . Barry , Dr . Lee briefly addressed the electors . ~ The show of hands was then taken ; it was decidedly in favour of Mr . Disraeli . —Dr . Lee , after consulting with his friends , said he should decline to go to the poll on this occasion . —It was thereupon declared , amid much cheering , that Mr . Disraeli was duly elected . —Mr . Disraeli thanked the electors , and a vote of thanks to the Sheriff closed the proceedings . —As the crowd quitted the hall three cheers were given for Free Trade by a considerable proportion of them . Mr . Disraeli dined in the afternoon with 300 of his friends at the George Hotel .

      Untitled Article

      MINIMUM RATE OF WAGES FOR UNSKILLED LABOUR . TO THE EDITOR OF THE STAR . Dear Sin ,-In my last letter it was stated m what way I proposed that an "act of Parliament , fixing the minimum rate of wages for unskilled labour , should oporato , and some circumstances were mentioned whioh , Dr . Adam Smith shows , would justly cau 3 C the nominal remuneration of labour to vavy in ' different emp loyments . This subjeot he pursues at greater length in the tenth chapter of his First Book—from which ( as I think it of great importance that the working classes should clearly understand this part of the subject ) I shall presently make copious extracts . MINIMUM OF WAGgT ^ UNSKILLED

      i snowed also in my last letter , by Adam Smitn a testimony , that the state of society we advocute , wherein labour shall , in practice , be tho only standard and measure of value ; and wherein the remuneration of labour , shall be , the whole of the produce of labour , is the only natural state of 8 ociety . Dr . Adam Smith further states , that this natural state of things could not last beyond " The first introduotion of the appropriation of land , and the accumulation of stock or capital , " in tbe hands of the few , for the employment of the many . And this unnatural 8 tate of things , we may add , was made still more unnatural and artificial by making gold and silver the standard of value , instead of labour ; by the introduction of interest ou money and capital , and , still further , by the exaction of an enormous amount of taxation by Church and State , all of which are

      derived from the produce of the labour of the people ; Labour being the only source of wealth , the only fund from which these revenues are , or can , eventually be paid . Hence , it is every where seen that , though improvements have been continually made , and particularly during the last century , by means of superior manual skill and dexterity , by clieraistry , machinery , and scionoe generally , enabling each workman to produce by his day ' s labour , tenfold , one hundredfold , and oven one thousandfold more wealth , and of far better quality than could have been produced by his forefathers ; still , that the labourers , the masB of the people , in all civilised countries ( eo-oalled ) , have always remained in the same semi-feudal , half-barbarous , oppressed , ienorant . and miserable condition in whioh we

      find them at present , and whioh their well-to-do neighbours continually tell them is the natural and inevitable lot of the groat majority of the labouring portion of every oommunity , and . therefore , that it is their moral and religious duty to be therewith content . But Wm . Cobbett , who was & great friend and instructor of tbe working classes , used to say , " I hate the man that is poor And contented , there is no hope of him . " No ! working men ! you must not be content as you are , but see , examine , and inquire for yourislves , whether your present be , or bo not , your natural and inevitable oondition . " The Bereans were more noble than those of Thessalonica , in that they searched daily and diligently , to see whether the things really were ao . " You must go to the origin , and to the plain first principles of

      society , if you would understand true political economy ; and I , therefore , invite you , on the present occasion , to accompany me to tbe chapter referred to above , in Smith ' s " Wealth of Nations . " Our present nquiry , remember , ii , that , supposing the minimum rate of wages for unskilled labour , to be fixed by law , on what principle shall we proceed in fixing the rate of wages for all other kinds of labour ? I would just remind the reader , that Dr . Adam Smith describes the state of different trades at the time he wrote—v ' u ., about the year 1780 . Great changes have taken place in most trades since then , but the principles he lays down do not change . They remain the same under all

      changes . The doctor says : — " The five following are the principal oircumstanoes , which , bo far as I have been able to observe , make up for a small pecuniary gain in some employments , and counterbalance a great one in others : —Firstly , the agreeableneas or disagreeableness of the employments themselves . Secondly , the easiness and cheapness , or the difficulty and expense of learning them . Thirdly , the constancy or inconstancy of employment in them . Fourthly , the small or great trust which must be reposed in those who exeroise them ; and , Fifthly , the probability or improbability of success in them . "

      " Firstly , the wages of labour vary with the ease or hardship , the cleanliness or dirtiness , the honourablonO 9 or dishonourableness of the employment . Thus , in most places , take the year round , a journeyman tailor earns less than a journevman weaver . His work is much easier . A journeyman weaver earns less than a journeyman Smith . His work is not always easier , but it is muoh cleanlier . A journeyman blacksmith , though an artificer , seldom earns so much in twelve hours as a collier , who is only a labourer , does in eight . His work is not so dirty , and is less dangerous . The trade of a butcher is brutal and odious , but , in most places , is more profitable than most trades . Hunting and fishing , the most important employments of mankind , in the rude state of society , become , in its advanced 6 tate , their most agreeable amusements , and they pursue , for pleasure what they once followed from necessity . In the advanced Btate of society , therefore , hunters , poachers , and

      Ushers , who follow as a trade what other people pursue as a pastime , are all very poor people ; their labour is always cheap . " * " Seoondly . —The wages of labour vary with the easiness and cheapness , or the difficulty and expense of learning the business . If a man be educated at the expense of muon labour and time , to any Of those employments which require extraordinary dexterity and skill , the work which he learns to perform , it must be expected , over and above tho wages of common labour , will replace to him the whole expense of his education , with , at least , the ordinary proflts of » n equally valuable capital , and it must do this , too , in a reasonable time , regard being had to the very uncertain duration of human life . The difference between the value of skilled labour and common labour , is founded upon this principle . Education , in tho ingenious artB , and in the liberal professions , is still more tedious and expensive ¦ the pecuniary recompense , therefore , of painters and soulntorB . oi

      lawyers ana pnysicians , ought to be muoh more liberaland it is so accordingly . " ' " Thirdly . —The wages of labour , in different occupations , vary with the constancy or inconstancy of employments Intbepreaterpartof manufactures a journeyman may be pretty sure of employment every day throughout the year A mason or bricklayer , on the contrary , can work neither in hard frost nor in foul weather ; anS ' as hi 8 ! m Ployment at nil other times , depends upon the occasional calls of hs customers , he is liable , in consequence , to be frequentlv wuhoutany What ho earns , therefoi ' e , while heTs em . ployed , must not only maintain him while he is idle but make him some compensation for those anxious and desponding momunts which the thought of so precarious a lBtuation must sometimes occasion . Where the computed earnings of the greater part of manual ™™ o » 3 " , °

      , are nearly upon a level with common labourers , those of masons and bricklayers are generally from one half " ore to double thoBe wages . No species of skilled labour however seems more easy to learn than that f mason ' ^ d bricklayers . The high wages , therefore , of those workmen are not so much the recompense of their skill as the com " pensation for the inconstancy of their employment When the inconstancy of employment is combined with the hardahip , duajgreeableneas , and distiness of the work it sometimes raises the wages of the most common labour above those of the most skilful artificers . The coalheavers of London exercise a trade which , in hardship , disagreeableness , and distiness , almost equals that of the colhers themselves , and from the unavoidable irre « ulafitv in

      tue arrivals of coal-ships , the employment of the greater part of them is neceasarilly very inconstant , and af a consequence , in the inquiry made into their condition a few years ago , it was found , that , at tbe rate at which they were then paid , they could earn from six shillings to ten shillings per day . If their wages were found more than sufficient to compensate all the ' disagreeable circZ ances of the business , the great number of competitors thev would have to meet would quickly reduce them to a lower " Fourthly-The wages of labour vary according to the smaller great trust which must be reposed in the workmen . The wages of goldsmiths and jewellers ire erery . where superior to those of many othe / workmen , not onfy of equal but of much superior ingenuity : on acconnt d iht > premous materials with which they aw eStvSSd Again we trust our health to the physician , our fortunefCi

      : ™ r "w ancI reputation , to the lawyer and attor . ney . Such confidence could not safely be reposed in nerm , ? L a ° h and mean . condition . Their reward , therefore , must be uch as may give them that rank in society which exSe whLh ^ f ITft T ^ « time aod & » iSS S 3 K ? « i ™ ° ,, InU 3 . laid out in their education , when ssa&T ^ ssite-- — »— -i -a » w 2 ii , ? addto w ? atDr * Smith say 3 thftl f < * m ^ Vara Tn ^ / J ? ' ^ eepors , cashiers , and SS entVedT ^ Sr ing and ° , ther e 9 tabli 8 hment 8 , «• tinMandSKnMh , g fate ° f romune ™ f'on for heir uS Wahlith T 17 Ten of the rao 8 t skilful ™ rkmen . in establishments where the nrinninah »« f »; om ,,

      HfrSs ??~ = r « Sailed atjfflimS ? , , ™ 8 corporations , as they are HSHi mmMm wcessJrv h , T } i ™ from tirae to tlme as he ^ M * * SSSSViSfoJSS ffi 6 P ° Wer is 8 iven tohim t 0 choose ^ 1 aid 1 £ Je 5 S «/ M ! ! er 8 , f 0 remen > t 0 reraove tbcm blishiSafth ^ f •? ' Pl 6 a 8 ure > and t 0 mn& & the esta " OriM ^ ron }¦ ^ " aCtUal ) y Own > h ° bcinS the only person directlyresnons ble to t . hfiHirnnfn ™ n » A „ £ „ ., «

      SuiredfSbTL f * } book 8 ' P P ' * ccounti > » w ™ - the « rertnr ^ aniSiCCM 8 ible at a 11 reasonable times to the concern faw d - aUdlt ° 1 ° SS to enable them to «» b <> w portfS ft Vf ? h ° ° ' , t 0 give B ful 1 and accurat « w-BharehnlL . m . ™ * Or Other 8 eneral stings of the ffi ? MinSM i Bllla -y gerBllddi " otor 8 are not geneasKK 1 ? . J P ? 0 lfiBd P » ° 8 . » ut retain office so long at St ffin ""' "fot'on to the company , but are removabl ! tencv mZS *? COmpany or the directors for incoi ' Pe . fS-rf ^ uct ' 0 rniismanagemenfc . when proved satissuch ca 9 « eitherofthese >«« K «« the case may be but Sken ? n ? L 1 W " ^* rare , from the great care SarieTriSn M Mn ° f prOper parti 08 ' n d the handsome IS ^» v ^ ? . na 8 er 8 &etftora ^ 1 . 000 to £ 2 , 000 f «/ m . nTf « WllIchsalaryisnottoC ) inuon in 8 « ° * w office for men of first-rate abilities . But , besides their brS

      Untitled Article

      managers have generally many shaves in the business they superintend , for which they of course reoeive their "dividends . Workmen who have shares in the concern at which they nre employed , have no special privilegea on that account over their fellow workmen any more than they would have neve if they were shareholders in a railway , and they are just aa much subject to dismissal from employment by the manager ; and if tho Amalgamated Iron Trades , or any other bony of working men form co-operative workshops in England , for the employment of their men , unless they act upon the principlo of . ohoosing one man , of firstrate abilities and unimpeachable character , give him a good salary and full power to manage the e- > ncern , according to his own beat judgment and experience , thus making him fully responsible for its proper management , I believe they 3 afSg ^ ± S

      neither can nor will suoceed : all my experience leads me to the conclusion that thero can be no unity of purpose and unity of action in any business concern—which is so necessary to its success—unleBS there be one governing mind only , to which all others must ultimately submit . Thus is the principle acted upon at Lowell , and many oth er places in Democratic America , and its fruits have been eminent success and the acquisition of immense wealth . A dividend of ten per cent , profit to tho shareholders is considered a small dividend—fifteen , twenty , thirty , and even more than that , annually have frequently been paid by these American corporations . This paragraph may be in some measure a digression from the subject of this letter , but under this

      fourth head of Dr . Adam Smith , I thought it a favourable opportunity of introducing my opinions on co-operative workshops . In carrying them out on this plan it will be at once perceived that masters and workmen , here as in America , might at once most beneficially and cordially unite , and thua do away with the necessity for any other Trades ' Union . Hitherto , both masters and men have lost sight of great first principles and the general permanent good of all in seeking to secure some supposed petty present advantages to individuala . ' . sections , and sm ; lll bodies of men , not Stopping to consider that if the benefit of the whole can be obtained , that it includes that of each individual . We now proceed to consider Dr . Smith ' s fifth and last causo for a reasonable variation in the rate of wages .

      " Fifthly . —The wagesoflabour , in different employments , vary according to the probability , or improbability of success in them . In a profession where twenty fail for one that succeeds , that one ought to gain all that should be gained by the unsuccessful twenty . To excel in any profession in whioh but few arrive at mediocrity , is the most decisive mark of what is called genius or superior talents . The public admiration which attends upon such distinguished abilities , makes always a part of their re . ward . It makes a considerable part of that reward in tho profession of physio ; a still greater perhaps in that of law ; in poetry and philosophy it makes almost the whole . Some tnlents are very agreeable and beautiful ; but the exeroise of them for gain is considered , whether from reason or prejudice , as a sort of public prostitution . The pecuniary

      recompense , therefore , must be sufficient , not only to pay for the time and expense of acquiring them , but also for the discredit tbat attends their employment . The exorbitant rewards of players , opera-singers , opera-dancers , &c , are founded upon those two principles . " To conclude , Dr . Smith says as follows at the end of this tenth chapter . — "The ; 8 th Geo . III . prohibits , under heavy penalties , all master tailors in London and five miles round it , from giving , and their workmen from accepting , more than 2 s . 7 | d . a day , except in a case of general mourning . Whenever the legislature attempts to regul ;> to tho differences between masters and their workmen , its counsellors are always the masters . Whenever the regulation therefore is in favour of the workmen it is just and reasonable but it is sometimes otherwise , when in favour of the masters . ThuB the law which compels the maBters to pay their workmen in money , and not in goods , is iust

      and equitable It only compels them to pay that value in money which they pretended to pay , but did not roally pay , in goods . This law is in favour of the workmen , but tho 8 th Qeo . III . is in favour of the masters . When masters combine together , in order to reduce the wages of their workmen , they commonly enter into a private bond or agreement , not to give more than a certain wage , under a certain penalty . Were the workmen to enter into a Contrary combination of the same kind , not to accept of a oertain wage , under a certain penalty , the kw would punish them very severely , and if it dealt impartially , it would treat the masters in the same manner . " The laws thus Btigmatised by Adam Smith have of late years been greatly improved ; but equal justice is not even yet done in these respects between masters and their workmen , as was plainly proved in a late trial . In my next I intend to show how , according to Adam Smith , the Natural State of Society was subvorted by the appropriation of land , and the accumulation of capital . I am , &o , Liverpool , March 10 , 1852 . John Finch

      Untitled Article

      RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE COMPANY . The report read at the last half-yearly meeting of this company shows a steady and decided progress . The tickets issued during the six months ending December 31 st , including all classes , amounted to 259 , 975 . Tb © amount received for premiums during the same period was £ 4 , 197 23 . 3 d ,, being an increase of £ 1 , 041 Cs . 6 d , upon tbe previous half-year , and making the total receipts for 1851 £ 7 , 352 18 s . In the course of the half-year , the olaims for compensation made and ad justed were , eight fatal cases , and eighty-five cases of personal injury ; and the entire number of claims met by payments since the formation oi the company consist of ten fatal cases , on which an

      aggregate amount of £ 2 , 580 has been paid , and 184 oases of personal hvjuvy , th © payments on which , in various sums have amounted to £ 3 , 209 3 s ., n alcing a total paid in compensation on 194 claims up to 31 st December last , of £ 5 , 789 33 ., in addition to the eum of £ 321 15 s . 6 d . paid for medical expenses ,. So numerous have been the cases relieved that the effect is now manifest in the receipts , as even at this comparatively less active season of the year tbe weekly increase over the corresponding weeks of last year is conside « rable , inspir ing the directors with increased confideneo in the continued advance of the company in public favour and usefulness . One of the cases of personal injury during the

      last half-year , which was of a most severe character , and to which the directors awarded the sum of £ 150 as compensation , was upon a single journey assurance , for which Id . only had been paid as premium . This case will ( serve to demonstrate ( as the directors are assured it has done in tho sphere in which the unfortunate sufferer in this instance is known)—how beneficial such an institution as ^ this is to the public , and how muoh it deserves general support and encouragement . A dividend at the rate of four per cent ., free of income tax , for the half-year was declared , and a balance in hand of £ 1 , 91313 s ., was carried over to the next half-year .

      Sir . J . D . Piut , the chairman , congratulated the shareholders on the state of their affairs . The principle on which the company is based was still novel , but it was no longer a mere theory , it was a fact , and must be judged by the number of cases actually relieved and benefited by its operation . There bad been several interesting instances this year of the benefit by insuring . A clergyman , who had taken only a penny ticket had been severely injured by a railway accident , and the company made Qve , r to him , without any hesitation , the sum of £ 130 . Another instance was in the case of a lady and gentleman living at Oxford , who were severely hurt in tbe unhappy affair at Bicester ; they had a monthlticket which cost

      y os ., by means of which they obtained £ 150 by way of compensation . A still more unfortunate case was that of a goods guard , who waa killed on duty on the Edinburgh and Glasgow line . He left a widow and family under very distressing circumstances , but , as the man was insured in their company , his family deceived no less than * . iU 0 . Another case he might allude to was that of an engineer at Frodsham tunnel , who wa 9 seriously injured , but who was compensated by the company . All the claims against them had been arranged in the most satis , faotory and harmonious manner , no occasion having yet occurred m which it was necessary to refer the matter to arbitration .

      The report was adopted , the retiring Directors re-elected , and twenty guineas voted to a charitable institution entirely supported by commercial travellers , and the business closed with a vote of thanks to tbe Chairman and Directors . The frequency of accidents on railways , and the easy terms on which the Company guarantees liberal compensation incase of injury , and a fixed mm should the result of any accident be the death of the sufferer , ought to secure to this Company the liberal support of all persons who either travel by ,- or are employed in , connexion with rail , ways . In several instances the Directors of Railways have taken the prudent and enlightened step of insuring their engine-drivers , stokers , guards , porters , and other semntB . But there is still room for a large extension of these insurances . The necsasity of such a precaution isabunenaent

      uanuy worn the recent accidents attended by losa of life on several railways and especially among the men ff TJLm * Wu g th 6 mdin B- The evidence aUhe fi ^^ rtS ^ iR * men wh . ° - wcre killed at the Cam - ™» K « * ? hlle , enga S in ballasting the road , Ei ^ iCv h fc and lmmi ^ nt dangers to * which that $ X SS £ w ? r ° ?*? * i * Mk . foe sad acoi . £ sKs £ S » w ° atation on tlie South Western of thJuE « « f r Ji Slty for such an insurance in ^ e case ssEsss ^^ &s ^ tickets ^^ it thU f gement 3 fc ! 1 > «> e sale if the Company's faSesis £ ^ onX lines ° Th ' ir *? TJ ^ V ^ v&nf - »> m < iAn * a T , + i ,- nes < L " lscertainly does not prefrom enovSTh th l ««> . while it prevents the public SitSS ^ ^ l ^ ^ Company , fflT ! : ^ 88 ™ " 11 " 1 from provid in g for the welfare of

      ^ XS ^* * " !* " «¦»*«««* ^ Which thiSnSffitt ^ T ^ 11614 01 wtfntoess before it in have been biL ! f" ^ ' ° h as yet appears to UB t 0 for short dS- u y worked- The Passenger tramo CoSre ft . h the ™ merou 9 lines which interlace Besides S 9 he . shl 1 ' ? ' and tho West Riding , is very large . S traim , ' ""^ the season ' ^ are frequent excur-I ? t w 2 „ convTn f B » rt ambers of holiday makers , travel lr ge"e ^ lly , knoffn thatf ° * single penny these tecLi STW ? e ?\ er fop busine 8 S «> ' Pleasure-could be pro-S ; af'nst at least the pecuniary consequences of acoi . SSh « « 8 h 0 uld think tho Pr ° g re 8 S of the C ^ P ^ y nn ™ ™ m ™ ow comni ° nsurate with its substantial cluimi upon public support than it has hitherto been .

      Untitled Article

      MARYLEBONE .-The Marhfbon , m fll lisa . Styles tvasagain brought up cfied ife" ** . ^ « l of httwrfe . when Dr . Hassall give it S htt ^ 2 ?> WM that the marks upon four pieces given into i - ^ d h ? . « t 'fil were those of human blood , and two ZS& r KMeS" III ammaUa horse . There were two othe ? D& «» ffiH » ill not been subjected by him to scrutiny . !^ . e * Wfi 111 manded the prisoner till next Monday inu dtow fll Porter to br no- im nn fi . ot j o ,, o ' . ° ir « cicd T ,,.. f fc ; jisl

      clothes from ^ ichrhe ^^ . ad b ^ c . » *« 111 whomadenoobaerva . iou . wasthen con ^^ $ J WORSHIP-STREET . -Assautt t ^ fill charged with a violet a auluSn ";^{ h meS ^ * 41 CLERKENWE LL .-RoBBBuT . -Williaman ,,, ' Willis , young men , brothers , who descriffiff Au ^ t . fl labourers . n ? s < lin < r at q <* r > L _ . t . " . * . A hemsoi _ J l MM

      RTHassssns with stealing a writing desk rontainin J In II *{ IsllnS ' on 11 articles of jewellery and other property ? nd n i * « il B " SSuS J 5 gk s fuIIy comm i eJ&' ¦ S *" < m ffi « asaa ^ 1 published by Mr . William Lawson , of wStt" > ffl Blackfnars-road .-Tiie prisoner who rfnMin ? g n str « e * ' $ thing in answer to ttolnZl ^ J ^^ wi ; . fa

      tral Criminal Court for trial " ""'"" » the oi ® m Om op the " Swam MoB . "_ Tboma 8 Wade < ' M elderly man , described as belonging to the <¦ Si ? 11 , ll nasbroughtupforre . examinat 4 , chSrgcJ w i ' g '' fM Lthi 1 ^ ' containi « l ? * ° ' « e articlesT of ] Z \ £ S 1 clothing , the property of Mr . Cowell , of BlaekKth < v l the terminus of the North Kent Railway .-TheHi ^ i committed for trial * » w * y . -me pri soner ^ , -JS T ^ f ^ ETHl ~ MlJRDERotIs AssATILT - -Stephen Kellv 1 Irish labourer was charged before Mr . Elliott wiS " V 1 derous assault on the person of Edward Reeved £ l Illicit , after commenting on the savage conduct oft W oner , convicted him in two penalties of £ 5 each , or in rt l < Ii fault of payment , to be imprisoned for four months e < II

      Untitled Article

      n W * ^ } c CMB .-Tne sheering-off of tho Rflm , It Catholic M . P . ' s from their old Whig allies , is indloaft II tho statement that " the Roman Catholic aristocrat , I 1 gentry headed by Lords Vaus and Arundel , SIX ? 1 Monse 1 and Bowyer , are actively engaged in establK I an exclusively Catholic Club in the metropolis . The S S ben have a ready roaohed a hundred , to which numW ^ M IS Baid , it will be limited for the first year . The club room 1 will bo in the neighbourhood of Eooadilly . " m I Thb Tolunteer Rifle Clubs have , it is stated , beenmuUd i If by the new government ; and the patriotic ofier of Jff I tous eervice for national defence , has , it isallegad , beend " ; l clmed . Should this statement prove to be true , much feei 1 ing on the subject will doubtless be manifested throughout I tbe country . 8 uut $ .

      The Ratb va Aid in Ireund . ~ A paper has just been 11 printed , by order of the House of Lords , in respect to tfo ? : I rate in aid in Ireland . The amount of rate imposed on tb > $ 5 wo H » "l Irfiand , t 0 the 3 l 8 t of December last wM I « nth «« i ' * n h , amount remaining unappropriate d f on the 31 st of December of the total sum assessed in £ i 1 several unions was £ 22 , 40413 a . G < i £ mprtvte ' f ReTa , le ? ta Vabica F e ° d is a pleasand and effectu n j Hmitt--raC ^ CmeiiRCOnvenienoe ' « Pen 3 e , asitsaveafi ^ ^ «« Li r l m otl ' ™ of < we ) for nerVous stomachic , 3 testmal , hver , and bilious complaints , however deeply rooiS ^ dyapepaa ( nidigestion ) , habitual constipation , diarrSf a ™ 3 ' % nfffi ? fl ? t ? Icncy > oppression , distension , palpitation , eruptS 3 of the skin , sickness at the stomach during pregnancy , at ™ 1 ^ under all dmmstaaaas ; debility in the aged as well as faff & fits , spasms , cramps , paralysis , rheumatism , gout , &c . The i £ '; $ food for mfants ana invalids generally , as it never turns acidm ' the weakest stomach , nor interferes with a good liberal diet , S ? : l pam a healthy relish tor lunch and dinnerTand restores thefS ^ oi

      digestion ana nervous and muscular energy to the most enfeeble ? ^ The only remedy which has obtained 50 , 000 testimonia o 1 ? , ' $ from Lord Stuart d « Ileoie 8 ) the Venerable Archdeacon AleraS & and Harvey , and other persons of the highest respectability 7 ' $ copious extract of 50 000 cures sent gratis by Du Barry andI Oa . V % New Bond-street , London . -Caution .-The name of Menn ft $ Barry's invaluable food , as also that of the firm , have benZ closely 1 imitated , that Hvahds cannot too carefully look at the exact spS I of both , and also Messrs . Da Barry ' s address , 127 , New Bond ' s rw I London m order to avoid being imposed upon by Emlenta S 1 Bavalenta , Arabaca Food , Arabian Hevalenta , or other 4 uS I compounds of peas , beans , Indian and oatmeal , under a clos II imitation of the name , which have , lOthlng to recommend I £ P but the reckless audacity of their ignorant and unscrupS S ? compounded , and which though admirabl y adapted for SKS § M play sad havoc with the delicate stomach of an invalid or infant M See Advertisement m our ( to-day's ) columns . ¥ &

      Ji ^ T ^' 8 P '" s for Bowel Complaints , Diarrhoea , and Dh . * l ordered Stomachs . -PmoTw suVjecttothese complaint cannotu e M r ^ LT Am T ^ - these '""^ naNe Pills , and if taken in mod ^ rate doses , and the diet attended to , a certain cure will be effected . i their strengthening nature speedily renovates the impaired tone Of ^ the stomach , and renders the digestive organs more powerful » ^ and . duorden of the hver may be infallibly cured by their use , a > : s nHnnf jl ^* » » n ? from a l ° - residence in hot climates cannot I % adopt a more effectual remedy than Holloway's Pills Thev ara > ¦ also the best family medicine extant . * y ¦ i

      Untitled Article

      CORN . * Q n . S ? ' ^^ " ^ ^ Ph 15—The quantity of wheatofferinR in : % B ^ t lto iDMiw toin the home counties was small ; but SJ ^ en well supplied during the past week , with both 4 eat , tw i . b 0 th ttrtielcs t 0 da ? was sl 0 ^ . and P «« s of i S rlflnopfl f In " * T J ° ? r than la 8 t week - lowiuinode flour was ! 1 ' « ' 4 Oa- ^ foreign wheat there was little doing , though ' i wW tw T- lt t 0 / reduction . For floating oargoesof ' ¦¦¦ wheat there continues a demand for the continent , and coam slow KW v'Lr ^ ir eek' forthe same ^ stination . Bntey ¦ s ow sale at last Monday ' s prices . Beans and peas without alter / . i Rnlfl ' ulnwi , n f ° , ! ' s of oats > Principally foreign , vflikU ,: sold slowly at last week ' s quotations . f

      CATTLE . | ; nf& ! IHlD ) 1 f ? ' March 15 - For the time of year , the supply | oldvl ° n sale . , ? re t 0- ^ y was extensive , and in full um » ' !; u % P « \ & ^ T "y "' atponionreceived from Norfork andScot . * !?? hn ^ < vlthstand '" S that the attendance of both town ann conn- $ try Buyers was Eood and that Hie weather was favourable lor ; hS 2 , ir f . - tvas in a very depressed state ; yetn = best S ? o ?« wl ? fi ? nohc o 1 u prlces > The extreme value of rtt ?! fected . Per " and a total ^ ance was not A : nlJTAhTt Yn n n t 0 leraWy w , ' but uot to say heavily sup . Snttl 5 A ^ it f 0 il ^ out ofthB W 001- All breeds mctivefj The SS S - CkV 8 0 Urrency was witl > vacuity supi . orlcd . 8 s 8 dpe ? 81 bs ° mthe W °° lSOld at * ! out ° f the "">' affiffiWSSIl ? " ** f ™ . ™* ^ hich sold hearil , s iSS ^ &SK : * " * * Demtheless the demand furthem ' Aft ^ LKeRC transacted - but ffe havc no ! * 8 ^ j PoSfceftoSiio ?* ? . 25 8 s t 0 is 4 d ' Veai : **¦ <* offal ) . S 1 Odl Pnce P "one of 81 bs . ( sinking the

      IasSesTmaKhavT " ' ° nday ' March 15 - si" « Monda J wiS ^^^ t&' ^ js ^

      PROYISIONS . duft ' f tSSS ^ « wmd fw Wah Butter last week wi and prices fn ? S ? Uons aUogether were on a moderate scale , 2 s to 4 s per cwt » \ ? OminaJ - ™^™ & , « t a decline oi board and landed th ^ not ia active « ciuest . For Bacon , on 2 s per cwt Tn wnm TV rea ( ' y sal ° at an » dvance of l 5 ' . vZ „ " and Lard no aeration worth notice . agSEBSSSSa ** from 6 id 7 ? 7 d Pri nf \ ^^ brcad in the metropolis are vnTATAoc : ' househoId di » o , N . to Gd . per 41 bs . loaf . pastwVektr&T ' . Waterside - March 15 . _ Duvir > g the R 5 S d traTeottiS Sfffl **** ° th COa 9 Wise

      -WOOL . p BSntoTnf - marketlias been v « y 8 t « a 3 y ; and the I * Ksever h ^ iZ ! n ""**« 3 * totot were last iveekwU eigty se \ en bales from Germany , and six from Portugal . aotalrTif ^ A - m :-Sc <« cn .-The 1-e is sfill a limited businciJ lateLTi W ^ !^' . imme ^ ate wants of the trade , at I iSff& ^ SSi 1 BqUil ' fOr < FW Cheviotcrossthedc DittodiJn ' I / ii Crosscd ditt 0 - "i washed 10 s . 9 d . to Us . «¦! to 13 s firt' 7 mK- - t 012 s - -: Laid Che « ot ditto , unwashed 11 « . ditto ditto 2 28 K"tO < WaShed 13 S " " t 0168 - - J WllitC CLer lilt m ° iva 7 B S ^ fni o e P ubli 0 sa ! e ^ the 3 rd ™ t- > the stocks being " gat , pi » ate business ig necessarily limited

      COTTON . ^ asSifcSwsaaariafS siTffiB ^ 'Wwsfss ^ lSBOOhnL % h » 3 id ; m ' 1 ' 1 'e imports s nee limnW . f . wjs j ! K £ t-a } , j-ts "id . to 53 d ., continue to be mu .-b sought after , and bad to buy . HIDES . J- ! i « m HAUlt ~; ¥ u arkct llides . 5 Glb . to 041 b ., ljd . to 2 . 1 . P « J " . ditto , 641 b . to 721 b ., 2 d . to 2 id ditto 721 b tnHOlh 21 d . » lf ' ditto , 80 lb , to 881 b ., m to 3 d I d " to 8 Mb totib . > to 3 i f K 110 W « n 8 * 4 t 0 » d- ; ditto , lOYlb to 112 lbV , -td to 4 ld . - Cult-skins , each , Is . 0 a . to 3 s Od . ; horse-hides 5 s . to ( to .

      COALS . , Mondat , March 15 . ~ Our market is without nlteratioo ft'oin i day ,. :- "ett 07 V ? . " ; Rl Hetton ' ' M-Stewart ' s , 1 ^ 7 Sl dylls 15 s Od-Kelloe's , 15 a 9 d-Wylam ' s 13 s 9 d-EfleD , ^ 'L Hartley ' s , 13 » .-Presh arrivals , 110—left from last day , I 1 ' total , ' 264 .

      Untitled Article

      From the Gazette of Tuesday , March 16 !/* . BANKRUPTS . ^ Robert Dilkcs , Warrington , Lancashire , innkeeper- I » , ' ? 5 lii lin , Great Marlsw , Buckinghamshire , innl ( ceper-Sa « ' « " flion Hatcbam New . town , Cambernell , builder—Hemy Holia » ' i ^ » . road , Kensington , builder—William Hougb , jun ., Koclioaie . « ^ sbire , joiner—Robert James , Len ton , Nottinghamshire , is" * , o « —Thomaa Lord , Ashton-underLyue , Lancashire , boot »« maker—George WarhuvBt , Liigb , Lancashire , ironuwng ' SCOTCH SEQUEST 1 UTION . Fergus Robertson , Girvan , surgeon . __ --- *<*

      Untitled Article

      FRWHiFm Suicide is Islington .- —On Thursday morn * ing a carpenter and undertaker named Samuel Wilkinson , residing at No . 9 , Bird ' a-buildings , Wag found by his wife in a dark cellar , where he was repairing the drains , with a frightful gash in his throat and moaning as in the agony of death . She instantly gave the alarm , and Mr . Borer a neighbouring cheesemonger , went into the cellar and found deceased with his windpipe completely cut through and in fact his head well nigh severed from hia body ' A bloody raizor lay close by . Mr , Gill and two other surgeons speedily appeared , but the vital spark had fled His wife also , in consequence of " domestic jars " attempted suicide some time back , but was luckily cut down before life was extinct . SABiH Babber . —This unfortunate woman has terminated her earthly career . Upon her reprieve , it will be recollected that she was ordered to be transported for life tiro .

      paratory to carrying which mitigated sentence into execution , she was removed to the liillbank Penitentiary . The matron and governor are reported to have been ao disgusted with her habits and manners as to be induced to seek her early removal to the Antipodes ; consequently by the very first vessel laden with female transports , she was despatched to one of the Austrian penal settlements . Previous to this her hair was cut close—of which she was very proud—and this had such an . effect upon her mind as to cause her appetite to fail . She continued to decline in health until at length she died , the immediate cause of her death being a sort of rapid consumption . The verT next day her body was wrapped in a shroud , and thrown overboard , seeking its last resting place in the bosom of

      tne ocean , anout half way between England and Sydney Fobeigs Police in LoSDOs .--The Prussian government hasappointed a Lieutenan t of Police ( Greif ) to be stationed in London for the purpose of watching over the movements quaJLSeTeo ;/^ 63 ^ and "P ^ S to head-M ?^ T f' P ^' IC ASD IflB ESROLUEKI O » tHB XSETr ! . , Sa meeting , convened by the Peace InSt , n ° T - ab 0 Te 8 ub-Ject » was held at the Horns Tavern , Kensington , Samuel Sterne , Esq ., presiding Resolutions to the effect that the enrolment of the miHtia was totally unnecessary , was proposed and carried nS monsly , and a petition to parliament having hS resE upon , too meeting separated , wwnea

      ~ M^&Gt; "^L1 ^ ~ Sil^ ^'4^ M

      ~ m ^> " ^ L 1 ^ ~ Sil ^ ^ ' 4 ^ M

      Ittavftrts, &*, I

      Ittavftrts , & * , I

      Untitled Article

      Windmill-street , HaymarKet , in the Citj c-S'ffestmms"pt tb » Proprietors , and published , by the Fatd William G ° » K ? 0 * i office in tbe Batofc jty . eeti and p . iriBtb . ^ at'JTO ^'

      2flf)E (Satette,

      2 flf ) e ( Satette ,

      Untitled Article

      THE STAR . ^ m l RATE

      Rnnted By William G03erey, At The Rrintns-O» Ce ' * ' Fd Rtt« 1 ' Printed By William Goderey, At The Rrinth G-Offic E &Gt;J 6 '{Dt Tto

      rnnted by WILLIAM G 03 EREY , at the rrintns-o » ' * ' fd rtt « 1 Printed by WILLIAM GODEREY , at the rrintH g-offic e > J '{ tto

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), March 20, 1852, page 8, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1670/page/8/