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Northern Star (1837-1852), 6th September 1851, Edition 1 of 2, Page 1, Untitled Article

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    • POVERTY AND SZR1M*
    • -$!Wtfst Shftflfficiitt.... ^m.~ ' . . . _ .
    • . «¦ $tti»Kc $tottng&
    • 33umir Slimiifttttttti*.
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      Untitled Article

      jilii . EfciroR , —Iffie-sfafiBticspf arnation ' s criminality are tho prognostications of a de ' epl spreading degeneracy . Uo man sau look . uppn toe figareB quoted in tins Letter , wttKKlt ex * periencing a feeling of abhorrence , that so m uch crime fibould prevail in'tfae land , and no remedy be devised by the Government to sfoyjts progress ,, much less to dunhiiBh . its fearful amount . Emay be * referred to Mr , C . I * ear- ;

      son ' s movements , ascertains to oar juvenile criminals , and be pointed to the able writings of Mi " . Bill , &e Ktfcorder of Birmingham ; hub , whilst acknowledging the benevolent © iertions of these gentlemen , and others who have followed in their steps , I emphaticall y observe , that therulera of the people have been wholly regardless in the advocacy of remedial measures ( albeit , they have talked much rer spectingthe evil itself ) , at all calculated to meet the difficulty in question . •• ,..

      " Sow , let my readers observe , feat the facts are these , briefly and simply stated . That , daring the last forty years , just as t ^ e nation has grown great and glorious , rich almost beyond credence ^ powerful in position both at home and abroad , and-imm 6 nsely progressive in respect to her achievements in science and art ; I say , jnsfc in proportion as these tilings have stamped themselves upon the country ' s annals , the crime of its subjects has fearfully increased . In 1811 , the population for England and Wales is returned as 10 , 150 , 615 /* the number of criminal offenders , 5 , 337 .

      In 1850 , the population for England and Wales is returned as 17 , 721 , 906 / the number of criminal offenders , 26 , 813 . Tuns , whilst the population las increased 7 , 571 , 291 bouIs , in forty years , the criminal offenders have augmented to 21 , 476 additional , go that for about two-thirds more subjects iiiereare more than ^ re times ^ i ^ ouroBer qfe criminals . If this be not ' progress to the devil , ' aBMr . Disraeli would -say , then I know not what -srould justify theuse of so comprehensive an expression .

      But this increase is not a thing of accident , nor of unforeseen occurrence . It is the gradual development of a long course of years , each decennial period of which gives stronger indications than its predecessor of the everon-vard tendency of this moral degradation . Here are the figures in decennial periods , for population , and for criminals : — Population . Criminals . JS 11 10 , 150 , 615 5 , 337 1 S 21 11 , 978 . 875 13 , 115 1831 13 , S 97 , IS 7 19 , 647 ISil 15 , 014 , 148 27 , 750 1 S 50 17 , 721 , 906 26 , 813

      Certainly , the concluding figures are full of hope , showing a diminution , notwithstanding an increase of population of 1 , 807 , 758 orer that of 18 il , " of 937 criminals in the latter nine years ; but when we come to dissect flie return , and notice the figures for certain yours , the satisfaction is considerably lessened by the recollection that the years 1842 , 18 i 3 , llMj . 1848 , are conspicuous for a very high rate of criminal offenders , the intervening jears somewhat reducing the general condition , and the average for the nine years bein * an increase of 101 over the number of 1841 . The numbers stand thus for the

      respective years : — Xainber of criminals in ISil 27 , 750 „ 1843 . 31 , 309 , ' 1843 . 29 . 591 „ 1849 . 30 , 319 „ 1849 27 , 816 The average for the five years here mentioned is 29 , 570 , being 1 , 829 additional to the numbers of 1841 . For the redeeming yeaw , the figures appear as follows : —

      3 > ua \ ber of criminals in 1 S 44 . . 26 , o 42 „ 1845 ... 24303 „ 1846 . 25 . 107 „ 1850 2 fi , 813 The average being for these four years 2 o , ( sQ l , a diminution of 2 , 059 of the number forlS-il . For the ten years , including 1841 , the mean numbers are , 27 , 841 , —a slight increase ( viz . ' ninety-one ) of the figures at the top of the list . Our proficients in the ¦ philosoph y of figurea prefer averages to isolated years . They are right in so doing , providing they start fairly . The mean numbers for the decennial periods alluded to stand thus : —

      ' Average number of ) criminal offenders for >¦ 9 , 733 len rears , 1811 to 1820 I increase Ditto 1 S 2 UO 1 S 30 15 , 318 5 , 535 Dkto ISHtolSiO 22 , 305 6 , 987 Ditto lSiltolSoO 27 , 841 S , 53 ( i Tailing these last figures alone , as the evidence produced , showing that crime is making r-jiiii strides in this laud of freedom and freeiratJe , enough proof is furnished , I v enture to think , for establishing a charge against the government of gross neglect of the social condition of the people , otherwise , no such terrible quotations could be made from documents of tiieir own compiling .

      The late Sir Robert Peel , when he passed his Police Bill , ' doubtless did much to render life and property more secure , and at the same time to bring to justice many persons who , previous to its enactment , committed crime with impunity . But not all we can say on I-dirJfof the vigilance of the civil service , now that more than twenty years practice has tended to perfect its discipline as an effective organisation , will ever shake the conclusions tkzse figures themselves establish . Gives the increase of population for the more effective vigilance of the police , — -that is , allowing it

      to be nearly twice as perfect as it was forty years ago , I believe there are as many persons wltti commit depredations , and are not detected in their acts , either at the time of committal or subsequently , in 1851 as there were in 1811 ; which if true , does not alter the position previously stated , that crime is on tho increase in this country in a five-fold ratio . L-.: « kin « r , then , with an inquiring eye , upon tl-e analysis previously t > iven of the progress of crime during the last forty years , another important fact strikes ns immediately tie inures are read . It is this ;—that Poverty

      Hiid Crime are constantly observed in con > » > : uiy with each other . We all remember the } Varl 842 as one of profound distress throughout the manufacturing districts . It was then iiu > .-t > riots took place , which a Tory governii : snt suppressed , not by ameliorating the condition « if the so called rioters , but by imprisoning- their leaders , and men who preached : « 3 ;> i ! t » and obedience to the law . This year -C :: nds conspicuous for its preponderance of ¦ 'rlidfials , no less than 31 , 309 ; and , as may

      hi supposed , the subsequent year was but little better for the extent of employment aiortleil , the numbers being still very heavy—19 & 91 : The year 1847 is too memorable to i . sed anv enlargement , a money panic and a : iifi-aent harvest , with an Irish famine , being lie causes as-i-nied for the depression of employment in it . Here , - esola , the figures are « yerwhelaiJiMr—28-S 33 ; and deeply did these ' Wilts tell unoii the industry of the subse' ,-ent year , assisted , as they were ,- by Con-«« ental and civil brawls , for the numbers lun

      '• r ; lo 30 . 349 . And so , la a contrary turectioa , &re t hose years Known for the more general : k » vmerit <> f the peuple , such as those o ? ' -44 , " 1843 . 1340 , when the construction of r - " -r-vavs . and subseijHemh' the mania for ilia 5 -liicr erection of nevr ones , absorbed mu «'» ' ' : s-e i : nrn !|! l !> ye .-l Jas > aur of the people , « i « d through the better distribution of the currency ' •'' . \ vi country , gave an impetus to trade of a 1 "" in ; s- ; : rt ; ins nature . These years are

      -- ] -iraojis fur the diminution of the number 1 « 'riis : i ; iai offenders ; and hence comp lete the J' -eciicn -ihlcli the Poverty and the Crimin-

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      ality : bfrft ^' .. - people « 9 a to be . constantly pointingt ^; .:, ,, ; . .:. ., _ -. - ¦ ¦ : . , ,: , \ ' . '¦ : ; ; % •; It ^^ tfra-BOTa ^ of ^ l ^ B ^ liat'r . ' - 'jpt- oh . liged to : mate sif ^ eOm&on associatingJ&at whichris ; a : ^ forten ' ftw | h that which is decidedly wrong . Butifcisihere , thattheruler of a nation ought to . find , the solution of the jjreat problem before them . To find an induatriousjace of ^ nen , i with - their families , constantly exposefl to itiiS fluctuations -ofi trade * ^ aij ^ a ^ 'lirti ^ jE ^ tlti ^ vpf twelve months ; at leaftt ; fhre ^^ Hife ^ K || ie < nTunber will find : them . wiflibBfe ^ rQrfc : Mdi hebce without food and aUrbutYid 6 « as ^ ' istaobserve ^ fact which should : flugg % iio th ^ n / as the governoraof alii-c ? ' WP : ~ 4-l * X * -- ;— 11 -i-ii * _ 1 _ ... »

      aoch- inefii * th # necessify : of . inquiring , into the eajueB of thesfl ! Qverre-comng periods of inactivity . TJie ^ orlliiiginiaja of England hag an indescribable abhorrence to the . workhouse and its vice-engendenngpTopensitiea ; his eonscience tells Mm , that ^ to be an inmate themm is not falfiUing his ; mission upon thisearthT hejaroirfl that he was bora for I ^ noblw ^ irpose . ; -Deeply inceised with : this convjicfion , great ^ ia his struggle : of selfirestramKtd'keep withduf itswalls . TeJi pressed ; by ^ fitui g ^ perhaps by a louder / cry , that J > f afamtl ^ ed wife aii » diatese stricken chUdren , he ifaTl into . jtt ^ te irible abyssjaf woe ^ and su ^ ini

      auother vTctira ; ana such an one swells the number . of our criminal offenders . " This is the connection between Poverty and Crime . The latter is the consequence of the former , I vevy mueh fear , amongst that class of labourers whose offencess are committed in the year of depression and great dearth of trade . Otherwise , there is a dignity connected -with Poverty which is far more noble than that which

      titular honours ever can bestow . There is no natural relationship between it and Crime . When they come together , it is the unchristian pursuits of men , in their avarice and grasping dispositions , which have brought them into juxtaposition . I defend the English labourer , because I know him to be a well-meaning man ; I loathe your money-monger or commercial jobber , because 1 feel that his God is

      Mammon ; to possess which the labour and the sinews of an industrious and energetic race of toilm are hourly being sacrificed to appease the demands of his metallic deity . May Heaven defend the English workman . ' for he has but few friends on Earth , who , by their daily conduct , entitle themselves to so exalted a name as the Labourers' Friends . Censob .

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      NATIONAL LOAN SOCIETY . At the meeting of this body at Grolden-lane , on Wednesday evening , after the routine business had been transacted , Mr . Stratton was called to the chair . —The Secretary r « ad communications from nearly thirty important towns enclosing scrip to the amount of nearly £ 200 , and numerous applications for the establishment of branches . The Secretary then reported relative to the election on the ensuing day of an official manager , and stated that there were twelve candidates in the field ,

      and arrangements were made relative to the election . It was also decided that the first of a series of public meetings on behalf of the Loan Society should beheld on Sunday evening , September 6 th , at the Hall , 26 , Golden lane , and also one on the ensuing Sunday evening , at the Whittington and Cat , Bethnal Green . Much regret was expressed'that the Society had not earlier taken up the case of the election for official manager , so as to have given the country branches time to have more efficiently recorded their votes . Several loans were granted and instalments received .

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      THE QUEEN'S VISIT TO THE NORTH .

      Edinburgh , Friday . —Her Majesty and the Royal party left Holyrood this morning at eight o'clock . Her Majesty arrived at the Stonehaven station at 12 . 43 , where she took leave , and immediately afterwards proceeded by road to Balmoral , which was reached by half-past six o ' clock . The honour of knighthood was conferred upon the Xiord Provost in the evening . . « . ,

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      Singular Cause of RioT . —On Wednestfa morning word was brought down to the police station , Bow-atreet , that an alarming riot had broken out in Drury-laae ; forty constables of the reserve were despatched , who found between three and four hundred women , who had congregat d round a liuendraper ' s ( Taylor ' s , 106 ) , lighting for aome real bargains , sl : gbtly ' dsmiged by a fire that had occurred on \ be premises on Monday evening . So uproarious were ihe Jadies , that the police had to carry off several to the station before they could restore order . The Oriesial Bank . —A royal Charter has been grouted to t&e Oriental Bank , constituting it a Bank of issuein C- » vlon and China , and empowering it to . carry on exchange , deposit , and remittance business anywhere to the east of the Cape of Gooti Hope .

      XJiE Ro \ JJi V IKIT . —ROBRKniES AT DoXCASIEH . — Daring thu temporary ltoval visit aud sojourn in this t'lWii a number of robberies havo been commuted , from Oise gentleman-a silver watch was taken near the A . ngel ; another bad his pocket picked of a gold lever watch near the shop oi Messrs . Fox ; aud another persoa hud his watch abstracted whilst standing opposite the Angel During tte aitrrsioon of Wednesday some houses were entered . Amongst them v / ns the residence oi Miss Clark , situate in the Horse Fair , from which

      a number of valuable articles , aud a puvsu ami rive shillings in silver were . taken , the property of a lodger . On Thursday inoruing , about the Lime of her Majesty ' s ui > p ; irtur <> , : i ^ oid watch wiihgold dial was stolen from a lady in . the street , or whilststandnig ai the platform . Several of the swell mob ironi Li'Csis , Birmingham , Manchester , ' ¦ jrerp&oJ , r . v . d other places , have been tai ; en in custoiiv by the police ; and on king taken before ; hc mag istrates were committed to the House oi Correction for iiiaeject periods , varying twenty-one d : ivs to a month . -

      „ . -V Kailwax G ' ate-Keepbb was Kiiaed by a ( rain near Broefcehbujst . on the Davchestor line , on \ Vedne-day iast . Ke was not quick enough in opening the c- " > te , acd the train dashed through aai cut him to pieces .

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      NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION . : Officea ~| i ; Sosithampton-stseety Stvaud . The E 3 tecatH ^ Committe& of this body held their usual . weekly meeting as above on Wednesday evening last . Present : MflBsrSi Aroott , Milne , and Reynolds . Messrs . Harney , Jones , jind O'Connor , being out of town , were absent ' ; arid Messrs . Graasby , through illness ; Holyoake and Hunt , through other important engagements , were also absent . John Milne presided . A vast amount of correspondence , of a most encouraging character , was read , including a report from ErneBt Jones .

      ; | The Secretary reported that' he had learned with mvioh pleasure that Mr . Thomas Cooper , at . a recent lecture delivered to a crowded audience at ;/ $ ewca 8 tle-on-Tyne , had . etrongly nrged orr- the people to join the National Charter Association , and that he stated to the meeting that when he got back to London he intended immediately to join the movement . Also that " the democrats ef HulJ , in order to arouse the dormant spirit of Chartism in that town , had engaged Mr . Thomas Cooper to lectura . there on Wednesday , the 10 th , and , Thuriday , the U |; h of September . % 35 fo Secret ^ ry ^ iarfcher reported that the * * Circular ' . for the present month waB now ready , and trusted that all sub-secretaries and friends would at once send their orders for the Bame .

      Arrangements having been made relative to the aggregate meeting of tho metropolitan members , on Sunday afternoon , September the 6 th , the Committee adjourned to "Wednesday evening , September the 10 th . " Signed on behalf of the Committee , John Aenotx , Gen . Sec . Kbport or erskst jones ' s tour . On Monday evening , the 25 th ult ., I lectured at Coventry . The Mayor having refused the use of St . Mary ' s Hall , expressing himself surprised that it ahoufd be applied for , for " tho use of a convicted

      criminal ; " the good men of Coventry , determined to be beholden to God alone for their meeting place , and accordingly an open air meeting took place on Grey Friar ' s Green , at half-past six in the evening . At least 3 , 000 attended , the general estimatebeing 5 , 000 . Distress is increasing in Coventry—and democracy ia rapidly rising . It being out of doors , and dark before tho meeting concluded , enrolment was impossible , —nevertheless twenty-four found their way to the place of meeting for the locality , whither we had adjourned , and took out cards of membership . Twenty more were disposed of by the Council .

      On Tuesday I was at Congleton . This little town suffers under an unusual degree of persecution and tyranny . The placo of meeting w&& the ground-floor of a disused factory belonging to a veteran democrat , Mr . Booth , between eighty and ninety years of age !—a gentleman who has long and nobly fought the battle of truth in Congleton . As the time of meeting drew near , the masterB and overlookers stationed themselves about the town to seo who dared attend the meeting , and the magistrates clerk took " post and battalion " at the door of the meeting place . Notwithstanding tho workingmen congregated in great numbers—a locality was formed , a meeting place appointed—( the same factory , )—I enrolled thirty-four members , and the new locality disposed of thirty-six cards besides .

      On Wednesday I attended in the large new Hall at Stockport . The audience was very largeand so would , I believe , the enrolment , had not a teetotal lecturer , and a gentleman named Nathan Wood , sown division in the meeting , by stating that teetotalism was the real way to gain the Charter . It is due , however , to the body concerned in that great and beneficial movement , to say that they discountenanced the disturbance created by the gentlemen , alluded to . Thus one set of reformers cannot allow another to do good , if it is not done just in their own particular way !

      Thursday happening to be an unengaged day , ( owing to the meeting at Manchester being postponed to Tuesday , ) the Stockport friends invited me to deliver another lecture in tho large room of the locality . The meeting was convened by word of mouth during the dinner hour on Thursdayand the room was full by six o ' clock . I enrolled twenty-three members , and the Council disposed of seventy cards . After the meeting , the kind friends at Stockport had proposed a public supper , and accordingly we sat down to a sumptuous repast , —and music having been provided also , the dance , song , and recitation were kept up till a late hour of the night , with the greatest possible hilarity and spirit . On Friday , the 50 th ult ., the magnificent Hall in

      Jolton was completely crammed with an overflowing audience . Mr . Isaac Burrow , a rich master builder , and staunch democrat , was called to the eliair . Tiiia is tho borough represented by Sir J . Tffalmosloy . Tlie leading financial reformers of Bolton attended , which caused me to seize that occasion for exposing the delusion , snare , and mockery , comprised in their measure of reformchallenging them to defend their measure if they found it defensible—a challenge which was reiterated several times by the chairman . But not one of them stood forward . I enrolled fifty-four members , ( the chairman being the first to tuke out a card)—and the Council disposed of twenty-five cards besides .

      On Sunday , the 31 st ult . ) I lectured twice ia P . idiham , and enrolled twenty-two members . The audiences were very large—and the lecture in the evening being on " the errors of . the co-operative movement as at present conducted , " excited considerable discussion , which was , however , conducted in a very friendly spirit . The result was , that it was arranged I should meet Mr . Lloyd Jones at Padibam in about six weeks—to vindicate the following position : — " That the co-operative

      movement , as at present conducted , is based upon an error ; instead of preventing competition , it recreates it—instead of destroying profitmongering , it renews it—and instead of abrogating the centralisation of wealth , it re-establishes it—carrying within itaelf the germs of dissolution—and being utterly at variance with the true principles of justice and coopevation . " On Monday , the 1 st inst ., I addressed a crowded audience in the Assembly ltoorus at Wigan . Mr . James Ilyslop , a veteran Chartist , in the chair . A branch of the 2 fotion . il Charter Association was

      formed , a meeting place appointed , Mr . James Hilton elected Secretary , and Mr . John Tyles , Treasurer . I enrolled forty-five members , and the locality disposed of forty cards . This makes an addition of 913 to tho Chai'tist ranks during the tour . EKNB 3 T JONKS .

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      JtexiKVAL Gkees . —On Sunday evening last , the late Crown and Anchor locality met in the large room of the White Horse Tavern , Hare-street . Mr . Vaughan was called to the chair , and in a business address introduced Mr . William Davis , who delivered an argumentative and instructive lecture on Free Trade and Protection . An animated discussion ensued , in which Messrs . Delaforce , Bioomfleld , Slocombe , Ferdinando , and Arnott took part . Votes of thanks to tbe lecturer and chairman closed the proceedings . The audience was numerous , aud several members were enrolled .

      Bk . vdfohd ( Yorkshire ) . —On Sunday last a public meeting was held in North ' s People's Gardens , Low Moor , on behalf of the Sunday School for Secular Education iu connexion with the Chartist council of the town . The meeting was numerously and respectably attended , and the committee and teachers were present . Mi . Charles Boon , ono of the superintendents of the school , occupied the

      chair . The proceedings comiueuced with a hymn , after which the chairman briefly introduced the subject of the moGtiug . Mr . Robert Eider moved— That in the opinion of this meeting the education given to our youth should be of a strictly secular character , inasmuch . aa when imbued with sectarianism it prejudices aud debases the mind . ' Mr . Joseph Aidcrson seconded the motion , which was supported by Mr . Shaw , of Leeds , and unani-

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      mouslyf carried . Mr . Scharfetoo moved the second resoltttion-- ' That ttfe meeting vUges itself to . snpjjprt , by peeunfory and other meMM ^ Jfe adoption of the secular principle w the education of our-youth / This resolutionwm seconded by Mr . Milford , Mppbrted : by Mr . Jfcushton , of Halifax and carried unammousl | . Thanks were given to the chairman and speakers , and were daly acknowledged . 4 A . collection was made in aid of the funds ofrthe school , and was liberally reaponded to by those present . The above is the first of a series of meetings which it is the intention of the Bradford Secular School Committee to hold on Education * and it is hoped that the democrats of other towna will follow their noble example .

      Finsbuby Democratic Association . —A meetmg ' of members was held last Sunday night . at the Coffee-house , 21 , Vine-strees , Clerkenw-ell . Mr . Jones in the chair . The motion for establishing several auxiliary democratic associations in various districts in ; and near this borough , was unanimously carried , and on the motion of Mr . Cater , the council was instructed to prepare a plan for the government of those associations , including general rules and bye-laws . Another motion , was agreed to , ( falling on the members to pro * cure subsdflBers and donations for the gratuitous distribution of the forthcoming 'Democratic Journal , ' for which purpose collecting books were distributed among the members ,

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      CHARTIST ORGANISATION . A public meeting was held on Tuesday evening at the Literary aud Scientific Institution , Leicester , place , Little Saffron-hill . Mr . Weedon having been called to tbe chair , read a letter of apology for tbe absence of Mr . Holyoake . The Chairman said , the working classes were not sufficiently aware of the value of meeting places like the present . Tbe late caae of homicide in Shoe-lane would never have been investigated if they had not taken tbe initiatory steps in that institution—all others would have been closed against them . By union and perseverance they could alone achieve their permanent independence .

      Mr . T . Wheeler moved the following resolution , and strongly urged upon tbe meeting the necessity of making renewed and increased exertions : — That on viewing the present position of affairs , this meeting is of opinion that much depends on the energies of the working classes as to what the future shall be , and being convinced that the possossion of political power , as guaranteed by the People ' s Charter , would be the most effectual means of removing the monstrous evils in our social system , and also that this can only be obtained by unity of action and concentration of purpose , we therefore resolve to orgunise eurselves for tUis desirable object .

      Mr . G . Wheeler seconded the resolution . Men were willing slaves , but it only wanted determination to throw off the yoke for ever . If they only dis played a portion of that energy in working for their own benefit which they did in working for the benefit of others , they would soon become the possessors of political power , and reap the benefits resulting from the adoption of that { measure . Mr . Reynolds supported the resolution . Never was there a time when it more behoved them to exert themselves . All Europe was in a state of convulsion . The coming year was looked forward to with fear by tyrants , and with hope by the friends of liberty—past failures had only given them th of

      experience ^ had not damped e ardour the Republican party . When the storm of revolution should again sweep over Europe , he trusted and hoped that tbe people would seize upon their tyrants , acd prevent them from ever again exercising power . This could be done without erecting the scaffold . Bid they think when the hour of liberty arrived that the people of their respective countries would ever forget the tyrannies of Ferdinand of Naples , of the Monarchs of Prussia , Austria , and Russia , and other despots who had , by their tyrannies , disgraced human nature ? He would give up twenty years of his life to see the day when all the Democrats of Europe should unite to march

      against Nicholas oi Russia , and crush for ever that despotism to which the other depots looked up for aid and support . The present system ot society was like tbe villas and gardens that adorned the slopes of Vesuvius . All looked gay and bright without , but the volcano raged beneavb , and would some day explode and scatter destruction around . Society was founded on a wrong basis , tbe most valuable men were the worst treated , and were actually despised . Every working man had to support two oinev persons besides Iriroaelf , and the only plan to emancipate himself was to sbake off the incubus which pressed upon him . These meu , not content with robbing them of the best portion of their

      wealth , would also legislate for them , professing to represent them . If a few costermongers , &c , were to say they intended to make laws to rule Dukes , Marquises , &c , they would scout the idea , and say that they knew nothing of their wants and wishes ; but this was not a bit more ridiculous than that Dukes and Marquises should pretend to represent working men . i'he House ot Commons and the Press were constantly boasting of the wealth of the country , whilst they had a million ° * paur . ers , and an immense amount of distress among those partially employed . To boast of wealth under these circumstances was to add insult to injury ; it was like showing them a table piled , with luxuries , and

      throwing them nothing but a mouldy crustt Why should they ue burdened with supporting in idleness a host of men of whom they knew nothing ? What had the Duke of Grafton , or any other state pensioner , done to benefit the people , or to earn ( he money they wrung fmrn them ? They wanted men in the House of Commons not to represent themsalves or to make fortunes for their families , but men who would represent the people who deputed them . Scarcely a member of that house had any sympathy with the people . They did not even represent the small section of the ' people who elected them ; the way in which they expended the people ' s money was not satisfactory even to

      the bulk of tbe present electors . Mr . Reynolds then alluded 10 the promised Reform Hii ! of Lord John Russell , and warned them not to ho again deceived or led astray . If two or thne raillions were added to the present constituency they Tvould belong to the middle class of society , and would bo garrison our present institutions that the people would not have the Charter for a century to come , A league would perhaps be iormed of all those who had something , against those who had nothing , and true re ; orm would be more remotB than ever . The same argument applied to Sir

      Joshua Walmsley ' s scheme ; they bad taken the peouifi ' s Charter , which was beami ' ul as a whole , and struck out some of its most important points j they d d not include payment of members , without which m > working man could he e'ectfcti . He auviseri ibcm not to give their sympathy or support to these men . They were disciples of the Manchester school ) and if they were foolish enough to be ltd away b / them they w < uld deserve to be slaves . M ' . Reynolds concluded a long and much applauded speech by strongly urging upon them lUe necessity of union and energy ,

      Mr . Dick inquired whether Mr . Reynolds waa no ' , a member of the Parliamentary Reform Associa iiun . Mr . Revnolds stated that he once was a memijer , Ullt Was not at the present time , lie then entered into a detail of the reasons which induced iiiiu to join that body , and said that when he found they would not come out for the Charter , as they ha . i promised him , he ieff- the . Association . Mr . Dicks then made some further remarks relative to the meetings at the Eclectic Institution , aud wished to know why the noiice of their meet . i ; ,-gs had been omitted frum the executive advertiseinenia in Roj / mWs Papa-and the Northern Star . Mr . Ki . TNUi . DS gave a satisfactory explanationihc fault , \ i am , \ aiii with Mr . Arnott . Mr . J . Fi'SSELL supported the resolution , and

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      ¦^^¦¦^^ HPHHMHM ^ MMIMn ^ MMBMaHaai gave his viewj \ jpoti the policy of suiting th « s Parlfamentary-Reform Aswxnation . Tbe working classes were not yet prepared for the Charter , if they 5 « re they wonld . be more earnest in their endeavour to obtain itl Instead of theGhaiter Association consisting of a few tbouBBatf memb « rs it would consist of m 9 } ions ; instead of supporting inslitulrans like the one ihey were me ? in , they were supporting institutions-of the worat description . Mr . Fusselll then- dwelt opon the aspect of European affairs , dwelling more particularly upon the trials and sentences passedmpon tbeLyoneseconspira'tors . denouncing the condoct - --

      of Lools Napoleon in the strongest terras , and espressing his opinion that the ensuing year would witness tbe establisbnrent of a Veritable Republic-in Prance . The present system , both at home and abroad , was rotten , and mu « sooner or later fall . Capital bad an undue weight in all our undertakings . As long as men could accumulate wealth by . living on the labour Oi otbers , so long would the working man be at the bottom of the social acale . Unlm tbe Charter gave them measures which would improve their social position it would be entirely useless ; Mr . WlNDMIM , aupported the resolution .

      The reaolution was then put to the ' meeting , and carried unanimously . A vote of thanks was given to Mr . 'Reynolds and the Chairman . •• The meeting was crowded , and a good collection made in aid of the funds at ita termination . Several ' mewbei ^ eri ^ o ^ rpHoirs .- , . , . ^ ,, ^^

      Untitled Article

      POLITICAL VICTIMS' ASSOCIATION , The members met at Mr . Duddridge ' s , Queenstreet , Soho , on Sunday evening—Mr . Philip Martin in the chair . The address from the " Star " was then read and commented upon in terms of approval , and Messrs . Bt'yson , Fussell , and Bezer , were appointed a committee to draw up another address , still further explaining their * views to thoir country brethren , and to lay it before the meeting at its next sitting . Messrs . Prowting , Fussell Gurney , Bezer , and Argue were appointed a committee to prepare the business of the association . A discussion ensuing as to the future objects of the association ,

      Mr . Brison said , their primary object was to ensure a full investigation of their treatment before the House of Commons ; but they had also another duty , which was , to give aid'and counsel to their brethren , and to watch the political hori 9 On , taking advantage of all that might tend to further the people ' s en use . Mr . Bezer was of opinion that their work would not bB finished when tbe parliamentary inquiry was over , and they had taught the government that , henceforth , political prisoners must be treated as human beings . They had a far higher and

      holier object in view than the redress of their individuai grievances . Mr . J . Fussell , and other membors , having ex « pressed similar opinions , arrangements were made for holding a meeting ou Tuesday , September 9 th , at the Literary Institution , Ilatton-garden , to consider the trials and sentonccs of tbe Lyonnese patriots . 31 es 8 rs . Duncombe , Wakiey , O'Brien , Cameron , and others , were ordered to bo invited , and it was decided that the meeting should be advertised , in order that the people on the continent might see that English working men were not indifferent spectators of the struggles of their brethren in other lands .

      During the evening , the receipts and expenditure for the mouth were read , when it appeared that the receipts had been £ 1 as . 2 d ., and tho expenditure the same ; for which sum threo public meetings had been held . After the discussion of other matters connected with the propaganda of this infant but prosperous body , a vote of thanks was given to the chairman , and the meeting separated .

      Untitled Article

      QUEEN'S THEATRE . An original drama by Mr . C . Stanfiold JamoJf , ' ' entitled the Kaffir War , ' is the chief attraction at .. this theatre . The plot is soon told , ltob llust * ( Mr . E . Green ) a daring Bush-ranger and terrotf of the settlers , has , prior to the action * of th 8 P iece , hvtcomo attached to Alice Hey wood , ( Mieff Hirers ) tin * daughter of an old settler . She , how « ever , enoouragea the addresses of Cyril Elwyflj ( Mr . H . Chester , ) in conseqmnoo of whtoh RoU neglect * his farcw , becomes reckless and desperate ; and

      after coauakiiilg various depredations ill tbj settlement turns bosfl-ivwger , and joins the Kaffir ^ 1 to gratify his rever-ge against his rival / and tO I I obtain possession of illice . His victims , ¦ who afd several times in his power are protected by EeyoJa » the ehieftain's daughter ; ( tMtvs M . liuddart ) TfllO if also- enamoured of the youn ^ x settler . The Bush * ranger escapes to the mountain * with Alice , hotly pursued by tho British trocpa ; > fho shoot him juaft as hera-aboutto precipitatahis victim down ' tha ravine . In the meantime t . Wsettlcra attack an * defeat tho saragas , and the cartaiu * Ma on a mag * Hificent tableau , representing the-tniuriph of thev British arms . This drama abounds wiJh incidents i 1 I

      ' events folloiveaeb other in rar ^ d'aucces sjoi ) , and lithe interest never flings . The scenery and appoint-, ' ments are in good kptping , and the-8 tng& director * ; oannot be too liighJyeoinplimonted for-bis judicious : tasto in arranging ths various tablijaas ,. aad othet complicated business connected with this piece , which is carried * out with ease and precision . All the characters were well sustained ,, and the ap « probation of the- house- was testified by- repeated plaudits . Tho favourite domestic draawvof Tew pcranca followed , and th&entertainmeuDsconcluded with The Death SignaX , a drama written uy Thomn « son 7 ownsend , Ksq .., the scene of which is- laid is the time of tho C&mm on wealth ,

      r . O-YAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION . The chemical profeMC-r of this establishment , Mr . Pepper , is still engaged in delivering lectures on the deposits id the Great Exhibition , aiwl has takon metals and th& dies from which tbo > - are obtained for his subject . Their value and importance cannot be too highly estimated ; taken as sirupla bodies , they represent fifty out of ttio Bixty-tbr . ee elements , of which the babituble world is composed .. Their place in the Catalogue of tbe Exhibition will at once Show that tho meiaU and their application comprehend ten of the thirty classes of tbe productions of the'United Kingdom . \ Vith such a host of . juatejualg ^ jiU may be easily imagined howJnWreBt ^ ing tho course of Lectures' inust'b ' ecbrne ^ and ytQ snail , tlierofbro , Yratch their progress with pleasure . After a goner . il view of tbe metals , the JparmL Professor observed , that ho should confine himself

      chiefly to the chemistry of the subject ; and if that was to be commenced properly the Alchemists , ths true fathers of the Science , must not bo passedover in silence , they had a further claim on our respect and consideration , because the idea of thu . possibility of transmutation had been once morerevived , and was now- engaging tue attention of thehighest ranks of science . It would be impossible for us to follow Mr . Pepper through his varied and beautiful experiments ; we can only , say that those intentions , which were twofold , ( viz ., to show tho chemical preparation of nu-wls , to demonstratethe chemical affinity , and to he an apology for tho seeming folly of tho Alchemists idea of transmutation , ) was admirably fulfilled ; and the audience appeared well satisfied with thu popular , aud , tit the sntne time , sciontinc style with which this discourse was delivered .

      Untitled Article

      MR . O'CONNOR A 2 fD THE LAND PLAN .

      IO FEAHGGB o ' COSSOB , ESQ ., 3 T . I * . Respected Sib , —I beg to assure you that my confidence both in your Land Plan , and your integrity is as strong as it ever was , and it . vexes me to see * your friends so indifferent , for I know there are plenty who would go any length to sustain you against your enemies , although they seem not to know how to set about it . I will , however , show them the war . I am . 1 four acre shareholder iu the Sheffield Branch , and have paid up all dues and demands . I bnve also paid a tolerable amount into the Uani , and I will , with the greatest cheerfulness , hand over to you , sir , both scrips for Land aud Bank , if you will accept them ; and , further , I have iustracted tbe Secretary , George Cavill , of our Branch , that as soon as you commence another Land Society , to enrol my name for a number of shares , so satisfied am I ot your integrity and the value of your Laud Plan in connexion with your banking for the working classes . Hoping BOOU . to Sefi JOU wielding the sceptre once more , I remain , truly , one of your children , Edwin Lee . Bowl Hill , near Sheffield , Sept . 2 nd . [ We have received sereral letters from numerous correspondents , of which the above may be taken asasauiple .-Ed . "U . S . " ]

      Poverty And Szr1m*

      POVERTY AND SZR 1 M *

      -$!Wtfst Shftflfficiitt.... ^M.~ ' . . . _ .

      - $ ! Wtfst Shftflfficiitt ... . ^ m . ~ ' . . . _ .

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      33umir Slimiifttttttti*.

      33 umir Slimiifttttttti * .

      Untitled Article

      Sokpected MukdeR . —A strange rumour , whiclx we believe had its origin at Friskney , is in circulation relative to the mysterious disuppearancu of a boy named Knderby some fifteen or sixteen yearsago . The lad was about thirteen years of age , the adopted son of tho late Mr . EnJerby , Inn-keeper , of SkegneBs . On the morning of his disappearance he arose between two and three o'clock to fetch up tho horses to go to Louth with a load of corn , but after quitting the house was never seen or heard of again . It was evident he had been in the field with the horses , for he had brought them through one gate and closed and fastened it ; his c . ip was also , it is remembered ltft in the field . Every search was made without avail , and even conjecture at last bad exhausted its own ample resources . The remembrance

      of the event , however , still lived and lingered in tneu'a minds . A few years since a man of the name of Milnes , of Croft , made some unintelligible reference to this mysterious event before he died , but nothing definite and conclusive could be gathered from his semi-delirious ravings . However , a " nawie , " called Candy Taylor , who had manned a sister of MiJnes , died very recently , and before his death made the following horrible disclosure , viz .: —That as young Enderby was returning with tho horse ia all the boyish joyousness at the expectation of going to Louth , he lighted upon Taylor and Milnes engaged in slaughtering a sheep ; that , to prevent detection , they murdered the poor lad and buried his corpse in the sand about fuur miles off , at Ingold-mells Out-end . These two fellows , Taylor and . Milnes , were desperate characters , and the terror of tho neighbourhood . —Boston Utvald .

      A F / LTUUaDttOwNED W 1 HLB ATTEMPTING TO UliSCtTB his Daughter . — -An inquest was held on Saturday Jast at West Can , near Euwovlh , upon the boding of a father and daughter , named Iteubon Mid Ann Leggott . It appeared from the evidence that there had been some disagreement on the previous Thursday between Mrs . Leggott and her daughter , and in the quarrel the father interfered , remarking , in a tone of reproach , that he did not know what " was to be done with the deceased girl . The latter siiid hastily , that she knew what was to be done with her , and walked out of the house . In a few minutes screams were heard , and on running outin tho direction of the sound , the parents saw that their daughter h : id thrown hcrsflf into a deep pit , which

      had been maiie in the progress of sonm warping operations in the neighbouring land . The father instantly plunged in , in tho hope of saving his child , but she clung to him so tightly that he was unable to extricate himself , and , tho sides of the pit being nearly perpendicular , both were d r PlYHP , ( lieT 6 rii any assistance could rendered . The mother was an eye-witness of the catastrophe , which she could not avert . A verdictt of temporary insanity was returned in the case of the daughter , aud om--of accidental death in that of Mr . Leggott . TilO respective ages of the deceased wero lorty-eigbb and eighteen . Tim Colliery Accident at Kixgswood , niur fJltisroL . —On Wednesday afternoon W . J . Ellis , Ksq ., the coroner for the district of Gloucestershire in which tho Beer Pit Colliery is situated ,

      commenced an inquest on the body of Stephen Newman , who was killed by filling down the pit . The coroner briefly stilted to tho jury the nature of the in-5 uiry upon which they were about to enter . Moaea effries , who acted as bauksu . au of the pic , deposed to tho fact of the cart being raised beyond the level . Three of the men who were hauled up , viz ., thu deceased , a man named Bryant , and another named Stone saw their danger , and jumped from the cart . Bryant and Stone managed to secure a safe tooting , but tbe deceased staggered backwards , and fell do * n the pit . The coroner then adjourned the inquest till Tuesday next , and directed that the engineer ( Stone ) should he taken into custody . He was accordiugly arrested , and will be detained iu custody to await the verdict ot the coroner'sjury .

      MttoU interest las been excited in America by tbo discovery , in the State of Maine , of large tracts of genuine peat-bog , of a very superior quality ; and the arrangements are already on foot for bringing it to the Atlantie cities , as un article of

      com erce . The Advertisement Duxr Nuisance . —We have received the following official notice from the Stamp office t— " It having been tho practice of some of the publishers of newspapers of inserting ii list of ' Arrivals at Hotels , ' 1 am directed to infoun you that the advertisement duty attaches to such , announcement iu respect to each hotel , and that any such list , with the hotel mimed , will be uharged if it appear alter this notiuB . " Wo have occasionally given such notices , aa mutters of news , which it has coat us something to obtain , and we have no doubt our readers felt interest in perusing tho movements of important personages which we re-COldod . We do hope that this new regulation will

      be carried out strictly and impartia-ly , that our metropolitan contemporaries will be forbidden to mention the namo of tho hot . l where her Majesty may happen to stop on her journeys , as at Donea ter last week . Let the announcement cf "distinguished foreignirs" at Mivivvt ' s Hotel , be prohibited , under like penalty . Let the riamea of all thu principal guests who attend public dinner ? , or public meetings , at inns , bo charged as advertisements , if the nsn : o of the iisn be mciitioucil . Lit this most frivolous and vexatious ot " all existing imposts be rairied out in all its repulsive strictuosts , and the \> ^ ^ " ^ then , but '< ve fear not till tliun , see the nroprioty of udtiuitig for its repeal . Wo hope this will prove the last mm ot this detestable '" screw . "—Mmdntoue Gvzelt *

      ltevt . Lvi . vu Saii . Faciri-LSJo :. ' . —xMr . Watsou a gentleman of fortune residing in Manchester , l-as ' invrnted and patented a revolving sail ship , a model of which , twenty-three feet in ltngvh anil six feet beum , he has been csibiling on the Mersf Ita prominent feature consists iu the iuttouuctioii of a set ot revolving sails , sixteen in nutubur , ahuiiur to the fans of a windmill , which are elevated on a wheel and attached to a kpindlu . As soon as the wind touches the sails , they instantly set in motion tho spmdle . Jwhich acting upon a vtry himple piei-e of machinery , propels a couple of paddies . The olm-CtS » ttaincdarogrewerapte . ibyn > eansof >« a P ^ tlies andot sailingngamst a head wind . The smis can be pointed with ease to any point of ihe compusa . "aad or contrary v . 'inds sre not reeogniEetl , a stiff breeze being a'l lhat is requisite to iko ^ I the vtssel .

      Untitled Article

      FACTS AND INCIDENTS OF THE GREAT EXHIBITION . On Saturday last the receipts at the doors of the buildiug fell to £ 1 , 30 G 15 s ., the number of visitors being only 13 , 052 . If a further reduction iu the price of admissiou is to be made , now is the time for it . The Lock Contkovbksv . —The American picklock , Mr . Hobbs , has accomplished the picking and opening of the famous Bramah ' s patent lock . A few weeks since this gentleman accepted the challenge of Mr . Chubb to pick one of his patent locks , and in a very

      brief period succeeded in opening it with common picklocks . He was then challenged by Messrs . Bramah to experimentalise on what have been styled impregnable lochs , and Wa 8 promised a forfeit of £ 200 if he should succeed in opening it . In order that tho trial might be fairly made , commissioners were appointed to decide upon it , and thirty clear days were granted by MCS ^ S . Br amah to Mr . Hobbs for his operation . Mr . Hobbs went to work ; but in a few days suspended his operations , alleging the -weakness of his instruments . As soon as others had been pvepaved , he deBired to continue his attempt , but to this Messrs .

      Bvamah objected . Tho commissioners , however , interfered , and Mr . Hobbs resumed hia labours , and shortly picked and opened the lock . The reward was , however withheld , on the ground , aB we uudovstand , that , contrary to the conditions , he had employed more than one instrument . This point ia to he decided by the commissioners , whose report is to be published in a few days . With reference to Mr . Hobbs ' s lock in the Exhibition , and the reward of £ 500 offeved to whomsoever shall pick it , no one up to the present time has come forward to accept his challenge . It is what , ia known in America as the Parantothic

      Bank lock , aad is described as being manifestly secure against the attempts of even the inventor , being susceptible of 479 , 001 , 000 changes , through the moveable warda iu the key . On Monday £ 2 , 405 10 s . was the sum taken at the doors of the building , the number of visitors being 50 , 233 . Singularly enough , the sale of season tickets still continues , and in the diurnal bulletin of receipts £ 8 10 s . figures as realized from that Bource . Tho receipts at tho doors ou Tuesday amounted to £ 2 , 407 los ., and tho number of visitors , according to tho police returns , was 49 , 000 . By the sale of season tickets £ 110 s . was realised .

      Amoug the visitors to the Exhibition on Tuesday there came not less than 1 , 000 persons from Sunderland , who had associated for tho purpose , and were headed on tho occasion by the mayor and Mr , James Hartley , the extensive glass manufacturer . Tlic receipts on Wednesday amounted to £ 2 , 080 12 s ., the total number of visitors being 41 , 017 . Wo hear that eighty artisans have been sent over to this country from Sardinia to visit the Exhibition , and that their expenses are defrayed ]) y a subscription" liberally headed by the King . Every arrangement has been made to euablo them to profit by their trip to the fullest extent .

      Tho ( Joalbrook-diUe Iron Company have 6 old their remarkable gatea at the ( aroatExhibitiou for £ 1 , 500 , arid , it is affirmed , havo received orders for other copies of them . The Queen also haa rewarded their spirited first experiments in bronze casting by tho purchu . EC of Boll ' s Andromeda , with its pedestal . The receipts on Thursday lunouuted to £ 2 , 137 10 s . ; the number of visitors being 44 , 209 . There were no less than five schools in and around the metropolis present , and the paupers of St . George ' s , tSouthwark , wore were also kindly treated to a view of the Ci'vatal Palace .

      Untitled Article

      mk vJm > 1 ati 0 nal trIdrs' jo uknal . '

      Untitled Article

      T ' iMi Plljjfefe - : LOHDOB , SATURDAY , SEPTEHIB 1 & 8 , 1851 PlT . ^ ? r ™ - - ' • • ¦ - - ¦ ; . .... — . - .. __ — ¦ . *• -. : ;' . :. - ¦ ¦ : ¦¦ ¦ 1 .. . > » wy F » re Shilling * and Sixpence perQnnrirr ¦ ^^—1 —^^¦ ^^^¦ ^^^^ M ^^^^^^ Mi ^^^^^^^^^ B ^ MMi ^ Ml ^^^^^^ WB ^ fct ^ MM ^^ fcM ' '" " ~ -- - m n - ^ — ~ ¦ w »;• ¦ ¦ . — - ¦¦

      Untitled Article

      It k s .-ii < i tli . tt the ex-royal family of France con to :: i [ 'la ( e tskingji lease 01 Dochtour-housc , a beau tiful mansion sif . inte 011 the confines of Loch 2 u .-33

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 6, 1851, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1642/page/1/