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Northern Star (1837-1852), 9th August 1851, Edition 1 of 2, Page 3

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    • SKIN KKJJPTIOJV.S KEISVO8JS JJjBBIIiM'Y, Scrofula, BiiscASts of the Hones ami (xlnuils.
    • = =-— A^il^TVtl
    • Kemewfi*
    • ~~^^ fcJsmeiFtf. M^^^M
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      Untitled Ad

      FjB ROOS' CONCENTRATED XJ GUTT ^ : VIT ^! ( or Life Drops ) is as its name implies a safe and permanent restorative of manly vigour , whether deficient Jrom long residence in hot or cold climates , or arismj ; from solitary habits , youthful delusive excesses , infection , &c . It will also be found a speedy corrective of aU the above dangerous symptoms / weakness of the eye ? , loss of hair and teeth , disease and decay of the nose , sore throat ,. pains in the side , back , loins , 4 c . ; obstinate diseases of the kidneys and bladder , gleet , stricture , seminiil weakness , loss of memory , uetv «\ isness , h ^ aiiacbe , giddiness , drowsiness , palpitation of the heart , indigestion .

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      CALIGULA'S EXAMPLE

      * Britons as pay yearly rent 3 & nf ten "ood pounds , aud rates beside—Sicts of Parliament provide—, Jcboose tbe " honourable " gents , ^ ffho Tery kindly undertake ^ - " Verelv , d course , for " honour's . " Eake—Oar clear and useful laws to make . sfres or palaces—no matter . .. . ' ^ The test of -voting fitness , Kept , ... js universal , and is meant . . s i , ow that Justice cannot flatter Peers more than pigs ; the test is fit por both—the house and not the wit Of those inside , who pay for it . - flnnira pay rent ? I'faitb . they do , v Or else 'tis paid by men wjio feed them .

      peers are a " fancy stock ; we breed them , f-nTKle tnem victuals , dwellings too ; * ' The parallel hold * good all through ; They neither earn their meat—hex do ; I ' to seen both de ' ck'd with ribbons tOO I , j { precedents may yet be cited , 3 Even from polished , classic Borne , ( For which see any schoolboy ' s tome ) jiiai brutes , as citizens , were kni ghted—5 ayj wore , were senators at times , I ' ale so by Emperors whose crimes I'd rather not weave into rhymes . saade of Caligula ! behold What Talue Englishmen do set On thy example eTeu yet 1 jij horse , the senators were told To rank as one of them : the beast "Was in brutality the least Of thee and him ! Eank Folly ' s feast

      1 ; still set forth , and even yet Mankind , as in tby own foul time , Still slavish wait on princely crime— ' C ; ill do their dignity forget ! - But not for erer in the mire ' ,. Snail lie the torch of Freedom's fire—\ & soon shall holy Troth expire ! Potteries . W . B

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      The Six Colonies of Hero Zealand . By "W . Pox . London : Parker and Son . 2 fEW Zealand is , perhaps , one of the deplorable illnstrations of the perversity of our Colonial office , and the systematic way in which that department of the Executive does ' those things which , it ought not . to do , and leaves undone those things which it oug ht to do . ' The story of its misgovernmeiit , and the deplorable consequences has often been told , but never before so well as by Mr . Fox . In 1810 the author left the Inner Temple , of which he is a member , with the intention of becoming a practical Colonist . Circumstances arose , however , which prevented Mm from converting a

      lawyer into a husbandman . He was called upon to nil various offices of trust and responsibility for the New Zealand Company ; and on leaving the country , at the breaking up of tho Company ' s establishment , he wa 3 appointed honorary political agent in England for the Wellington Colonists .. In the course of his official experience he became well acquainted with the various settlements , and on hh return home , after nearly nine years reBidence in the colony , he found the Mgnorance . of the many , who inow nothing about it , only exceeded by the misapprehensions of the few , who know a little ;* under these circumstances lie felt it an incumbent duty to give the results of his experience .

      Mr . Fox divides his book into three sections . The first contains a descriptive and statistical account ef the islands ; the . second is devoted to the natives ; the third to the goverment . ' Statistics , ' * description , * and * the natives , * however , are very different topics in Mi . Fox ' s hands from what they are in the generality of publications on colonies . Everything is fresh , the product of observation , or of reflection on the realit y itself , not of statements about the keis , however able . There is an earnestness and directness about the book , -which literary skillj , however great it may be , does sot attain . The author proposes to fornisa information of a certain kind , wit hwhich his own mind is full , and he furnishes it—everything that is not essential to the purpose is thrown aside ..

      In looting at the geography and capabilities of the islands , and of the six settlements that have been founded , Mr . Fox sees more than the mere material characteristics of each , or the kind of industry that physical circumstances of necessity give rise to . The extinction of the natives * is a fertile sobjeet for declamation , projects and discussion . Mr . Fox treats of the subject , but in a more philosophical-way . He pronounces extinction probable , almost certain , and that within-two generations . Amalgamation mi g ht take place if there were time , but there is

      cot . The causes which will , extinguish the aboriginal race are—1 . physical , and physical practices ( originating , however , in moral dc « fects ) j 2 . moral . Notwithstanding the numbers who have written upon the subject , we have never seen so clear an explanation of the action of what is so uniform as to seem an inevitable law—the extinction of the Red before the civilized man ( for the Negro and the Mongolian have a power of resistance ) . Having enumerated the five physical causes that are reducing the native race , Mr . Fox proceeds to the moral . '

      The moral cause hi operation is perhaps less ob-¦ nous , hut no less' certainly at work , and probably little less effective . It consists in a depression of spirits and energy , which in the mind of the savage ensues upon hia contact with civilized men . Be SDon see 3 his inferiority : 'bis pride may struggle against an admission of it for a time , —he may still occasionally bedeck himself ' with the ornaments of the wa » ior , ~ and ' ehdea * our to sname by his barbaric splendour the plainness of civilized industry , tut the great ships thai throng His harbours , the ( to him ) magnificent buildings that spring np on erery side , —the display , if there beany , of military force , —nay , - what ^ to ' the colonial are the

      merest articles of every-day use ,. his watch , bis plough , his axe , his pocket knife , all declare , in a language which he cannot mis-understand , that it H a superior race which has come to share his country . From the day when lie make 3 this acknowledgment to himself , he feels that his greatness is departed , that !»« nation is henceforth a nation of Ilelote . He cannot form in his mind the hope of rising to the level of the superior race ; its existence , and everything connected "With it , are a mystery to him—what the 2 forth Americans call a " great medicine , " the 3 Sew Zealanders a Tvpo , or divinity . The gulf between him and the newcomer is too great ; he cannot conceive the possibility of

      OndglDg it , —SO ho Sits down and broods in silence Ml his appointed time . " Tfcejnost probable method by which the operation wtuese feelings could ; have been checked inlfew Zealand , wouls have been the encouragement , to we greatest extent . compatible with the general go-Terninent of the eolony , of the institution of chief-£ inship , which we found existing among ; the natives , ^ ue men of" the most enlarged minds and of the g reatest influence were of toat class ; aud had they " ^ n , asl think they might , maintained in an elected position , and their feudal authority suppor-• j-d at least for some years , it would have given "H an a position round Which the rest of the race

      « 5 pt hate rallied , and , " whence they might nave "aen their first step towards one more elevated and 3 « anced . But , with the exception of the early 'panders of the Wellington , settlement , ifc has been 'JS policy of those in whose hands were the destinies <* the natives , to discoHrage the institution of ctil 2 ft : unshi p , and to reduce to a general level all Je sses of natives . An individual chief may oe ' eaai" % , and sometimes"feryindiscreetlv , have been PSied aid encouraged . But the " chieftainship , " JO the various shades of nobility and gentry sub-Ruinate to it , have been allowed to sink into ruin ; £ 1 carry all along with them to a lower social level ^ o be fore .

      The erection of this Bpecies of feudal society ^ & * k not have been easy under any circumjj ^ ce s ; wi th the missionaries on the spot and ^ Government at a distance it seems to * ve been impossible . Familiarity , says the £° * rb , breeds contempt . "With the New s 'ander it produces . something more—aver j j from his gross habits and grosser morals * o or three generations mignthave obviated rj » probabl y ; but there was still a difficulty Pof . ? Cted with the chieftains . Those who E 2 S 5 ed energy of character enough to govern

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      were too energetic to be trusted to govern . This is a well-known ruler- ^ one specimen too of a ' convert . ' ¦ _ . ¦ ; - . ¦ '¦'¦ ' > Kauperaha tas often been described . His cruel reatment of his enemies , whom he seduced' on board a ship , hanging them by hooks through their ; humbs , cutting them to pieces and boiling them for food in the ship ' s coppers . ; his treachery to his uf ^ Z Te ^ ehi , whomin the critical moment of oattlo he deserted , securing thereby his own elevation to the chieftainship of the tribe ; -, and the part which he bore in the Wairau massacre ; are the leading events by which his name has become : familiar to the English reader . After the latter event he placed himself under missionary protec * VCGVA 01 iar > siofi / % ! , « . J-..- ^ t _ J »_ ' "

      JOii ; and by pretended conversion , and likening himself to St . Paul / he succeeded in hoodwinking his protectors , aud persuading the government of his fidelity , at the very time that he was supplying Ilaughiaeta , the " open rebel with arms and ammunition . Detected , seized , and imprisoned on board the Calliope frigate , he was released at the end of a twelvemonth , and handed over to the chief of the Waikatos , who beoame bail for his good behaviour . Carried by him to the Kortby ho wa 3 upbraided by Teraia , the man eater , while the more generous TeWhero-whero endeavoured to sooth his affliction . After a few months he was permitted to return to Otaki ,. the place of his tribe . There he resumed his pretensions to sanctitv . "Isavri" says an

      intelligent but newly arrived clergyman , who Yisited him at this time , " amongst the other men of note the old and once powerful chief of Rauperaha ; and who notwithstanding his great age of more than eighty years , is BeldooY missed from his clasis : and who after a long life of perpetual turmoil spent in all the savage excitement of cruel and bloody wars , is now to be seen every morning in his accustomed place , repeating those blessed truths which teach him to lore the Lord with all his heart , and mind , . and Soul and strength '/ and his neighbour as -himsslf . " Those who knew Rauperaha better , "may perhaps doubt whether the jEthiop had so

      completly changed his . skin as to justify the belief in which an enlarged charity , exercised by an amiabie man , thus led its possessor to indulge . A few days before Ms death , when suffering under the malady which carried him off , two' settlers called to see him . While there a neighbouring missionary came in and-offered him the consolations of religion . ' Rauperaba demeaned himself in a manner highly becoming such an occasion ; but the moment the missionary was gone he turned to his other visitors and said , " What is the use of that nonsense ? that will do my belly no good . " He then turned the conversation on the TVaganui races , where one of his guests had been running a horse .

      Although two sections of the volume are devoted to the physical features and natural capabilities of tiie country , or to the position and prospects of the settler , or to the natives in various aspects , the subject of the third section is found everywhere . The government no-government , or uiisgoverament of Downing'Street , meets the colonist everywhere , to vex or injure . The islands were snatched by individual Englishmen from foreign dominion not only without encouragement from government but in defiance of the Colonial Office but the first settlement in NewZealand no sooner gave sigus that it would flourish , than it was pounced upon by this Office , ' and perverted to purposes of patronage . From that day to the present hour , the public money of this

      country has been uselessly squandered , and the prosperity of the colonists wantonly or ignorantly retarded by the Colonial Secretary , or his viceroys over him abroad and at home . They have continued to unite the evils of an established despotism with the drawbacks of a state of one remove from nature . In New Zealand everything goes by the rule of contrary . From the title of his land—nay from the means of flow procuring new and waste land , ( the promise of which made him a New Zealauder , ) to the providing of a passage boat—the government professes to do all , and does nothing ; nor will it allow the settler to do for himself . Amply provided with means from England ; raising a sufficient revenue in the colony for its own purposes , Downingstreet waBtes the whole in rank jobbery .

      Wellington was the place chosen by the New Zealand Company for their first settlement . The Colonial Office in Ha desire to appear wiser than the Company , made an alteration , and that alteration was to make Auckland the capital of New Zealand . The town of Auckland is the largest and most compact in the colony . It has one or two very good streets , but the lower parts are as filthy as " Dcptford and Wappjng , navy-building towns . " Very little except sbopkeepiDg was going on at Auckland when I was there . The amount of cultivation was very small , and consisted almost entirely of a few fields of grass , within four or five miles of the town , where newly-imported stock were kept alive till the

      butcher was ready to wait upon them for the benefit of the troops and townsmen . In short , the settlement was a- mere section of the town of Sydney transplanted to the shores of 2 Jew Zealand , filled with tradesmen who were reaping a rich hnrrest from the expenditure of a regiment of soldiers , a Parliamentary grant , missionary funds , and native trade . As an instance of colonisation , it was altogether rotten , delusive , and Algerine . The population had no root in the soil ; as was proved by some hundreds of them packing up their wooden houses and rushing away to California , as soon as the news of that land of gold arrived . In Cook ' s Straits not half-a-dozen persons were moved by that bait . If the government expenditure had ceased ,

      and the troop 3 been removed at that time , I believe Auckland would have melted away like a dream . The expenditure of British money by the government has been enormous in this part of the colony , and easily accounts for so large a town having so suddenly sprung up . The troops stationed there have not expended much , if anything , less than £ 100 , 000 a . year . Two sets of vevy costly barracks have been erected , with a lofty stone wall round each , which cannot have cost less than about £ 100 , 000 more . The pensioners' houses at least £ 50 , 000 : their pensions about £ 12 , 000 a year ;

      besides a variety of contingent expenses . From the Parliamentary grant , from" £ 10 i 000 to £ 20 , 000 a year expended on roads and otherwise . The revenue of the Northern Province about . £ 25 , 000 a year . The outlay of the three missions , which , I was told on undoubted authority , amounted to the same sum . Two men of war ( not always , but frequently ) in harbour for long periods , in short , in addition to the local rerenus , not less than certainly £ 200 , 000 a year of British money has , on an average , been expended annually for the last four or five years ; and one or two lump sums ,, amounting to not less than £ 150 , 000 , in addition .

      Nearly the whole population of Auckland has been imported from Sydney and Van Diemen's Land . With the exception of the pensioners , I believe only one , or at most two regular emigrant-shipsthat is vessels carrying bodies of men of the labouring class—lever proceeded from this country to that settlement . The returns of crime , compared with those of the Southern settlements , exhibit fearful traces of the origin of-its population , and display the greai-importance of . colonising on a regular system , which may insure a pure origin for a colony . In the year ending December 1847 , there were no fewer than 1 , 083 criminal cases disposed of by the Resident Magistrate ut Auckland ,-of which there were 994 in which Europeans only were concerned ; 857 conyictious , and 529 for drunkenness ; that is to say , one in six of tho population was convicted of some crime or other , one in eight of drunkenness . At Wellington , the proportion was one in forty : at Jfelson , one in seventy-nine .

      Having erected a fungus capital—a town without a country—Downfng-street felt that a rural population was needed , and , with military pensioners ( Lord Grey ' s pet project ) , went to work in this wise ;—lnAprill 849 , Ivi ? ited all the pensioner villages in the neighbourhood of Auckland , then four in number . They had been established between one and two years . - The conclusion I arrived at was , that whether viewed in a military or colonizing aspect , they are costly failures , affording a mo 3 t decided warning against the continuance of the experiment , ' or its renewal elsewhere . The same

      conclusion is arrived at by a-careful examination of the few documents relating to them in the Blue Books . In a military point of view they are altogether useless . Placed as a sort of cordon round Auckland , to protect it from the large tribes to the south and west , but bieng mere straggling villages without any sort of fortification , if the natives should ever wish to attack the capital , they would any morning before daylight , walk through the whole of them , massacre the inhabitants in their beds , and , having seized their arms and ammunition , proceed on their way to Auckland . The pensioners are for the most part considerably beyond the middle period of life , many of them with constitutions shattered by climate and hard living , and a large proportion of them of very intemperate habits .

      Regarded in a colonising point of view the Pen . sioner system couid prove no other than a failure . With the single exception of convicts , it would not be possible ' to select a worse class for emigration fhan old broken down soldiers , stiffened into military habits , or only relaxed by the vkes of barracks ane canteens , Kor are their ' families likely to be ranch" better than themselves . Then , the manner hi which-they are located is equally objectionable .

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      The first essential to colonial success particularly among the ' labouring class / is perfect freedom of action ; , liberty . to go . > here r , or ! there , -or everywhere ; to . follow the calling of . previous years , or turn the hand , to any new employment that offers . Tinai mimary colonisation IS fatal to such liberty . I found the largest of these villages ( Howick ) locarod fifteen miles from-Auckland ; on a bare and poor soil , without a Btick of firewoood within many miles , remote from any employers of labour , and separated from them and from Auok : land by ari unfordable river . JReports of actual starvation among the inhabitants of this village , the winter after I saw it , were circulated in the Auckland papers : and , unless it was staved ' off by eleemosynary , means , I do not see how it could have failed to . result from the circumstances in which the Pensioners were placed . .. , . -. /* . .. _ " " - .: - * *

      A great charge against that incarnation of selfishness , Louis Philippe , was his corruption of France by , the multiplication of placemen . This Office' is obnoxious to the same charge , without the same excuses . . ... .: On the other hand there is too much government . Tho official establishments are altogether disproportioued to the . community whose affairs they . administer , In the Southern Province of New Zealand there are " not less than one hundred paid officials ( bpsidos about forty- policeman ) to govern a population ( at the time the estimate was made ) of not more than 10 , 000 Europeans . - This is attributable to two causes : 1 st , the necessity which the weakness of the goyernm ' ent creates for the employment of a great many bands io'h e ' p'it i making up in quantity what it wants in quality ; ' and 2 nd , ' The tendency which all . despotic " : ' government have to buy support by patronage . In the Southern

      Province , in the year 1850 , with an ordinary revenue of , £ 19 , 000 , no less than £ 14 , 000 ( minus a ' small sum for contingencies used in the offices ) appears to have gone into the pockets of the officials as salary ; while nearly all the remainder was expended in police , printing , or other matters involving patronage , and attaching the recipients to the interest of government . In 1846 , Governor Grey proposed the appointment of a Lieutenant Governor for the Southern Province , and pledged himself , if one was appointed , "judiciously to curtail" : the existing cost of government . But he has found it impossible , and will so long as the present system exists . At the date of that pledge , the " entire annual cost of government at ; Wellington was £ 4409 : ALieutenant Governer was appointed in 1848 , and the cost of government , so far from' having been "judiciously curtailed , " has •' swelled to £ 16 , 060 while the ordinary revenue , in the same period , has increased less then £ 5 , 000 .

      Such is the system of production : here is the article : — ; Patronage being so exercised , it is not surprising to hear the colonists complaining of the inefficiency and incompetency of the officials . An instance or two may be given . In January last ; a deputation of settlers waited on the Governor on business of importance . The Attorney-General and . Colonial Secretary were present officially . To the surprise of the deputation , the Governor and both the above-named officials werej entirely ignorant that the lands within thei settlementsi which had formerly been vested in the New Zealand Company , had for six months past been re-vested in the Crown . The point arose on an act of Parliament , whioh had been

      constantly before them for three years and a half , and for some months' past ought' to have' been their daily study ; and it involved the rights Of the Crown and Local Government over all the settled lands in the Southern Province . It was not till a correspondence had taken place with , the Colonial Secretary the following day , that the Governor could be convinced ofthe ^ oversight . , Afew months before this , in consequence of a dispute between a party and the . Registrar of Deeds , a case was referred to the Supremo Court for decision ; when it turned out that the system of registration in force was directly contrary to the provisions of the ordinance establishing it—that the Government had in fact for ten years been working the wheels of its

      own machine the wrong way , and all it had done was invalid in consequence ; A complaint was made against a resident magistrate . The Colonial Secretary of the Southern Province wrote to the complainants admitting its justice ; andjjby the same post he wrote to the Magistrate thanking biiii for the able manner in which he had always performed his duties . The Magistrate got a copy of toe other letter , put both into an envelope , and sent them back again . The Colonial Secretary of tlic other province refused in Council to receive a protest , "because it contained no reasons in favour of the measure protested-against ; " and the same gentlemau moved . tO Strike out of an appropriation bill the wordB " not exceeding . " . . .

      A specimen of attention to intercommunication . ¦ : . : ¦ . . The means of communication with Auckland ( theseatof Government ) are very defective , Thero is an overland mail , carried by a , native , which is three weeks , on the road , and affords the prospect of an anawer in seven or eight weeks from tho date of writing . There is also a Government brig , which occasionally , but with- no sort of regularity , visits the different settlements .. In fact , for months together , no communication by sea between Auckland and the Southern settlements takes place . On one occasion , the Lieutenant-Governor sent despatches to the former place by way of Sydney : and I have

      myself been upwards of five months in receiving a reply to a letter of pressing importance . The Government vessel might have been of considerable use in lessening the inconveniences arising from the distance of tho capital , had she been used a 3 a regular packet between the settlements . " The colonists ,- however , complain of her mismanagemen t , auu state , tbat though her maintenance has since the colony was founded cost nearly £ 20 , 000 , she has not really done work to tne value of as many shillings . She has generally beenin an unsea worthy condition , and the accommodation , for passengers so extremely bad , that nobody who had been once -on board of her would sail in her again if he could make the voyage in any , other way . . \ ¦

      Mr . Fox shows that this systematic misgovernment has been perpetrated by the Whigs , in defiance of their recorded opinions when out of office . In 1845 Lord Ho wick— -now Earl Grey , and Colonial Secretary—distinctly stated his opinion to be that it was impossible for Downing-street to rule the colonies in a centralised system , ' 'while Mr . Hawes , his under secretary , more plainly avowed his conviction , that the colonies must be emancipated fromthe Colonial . office , and invested with the right of local government . Both of these individuals have now been in office ever since 1846 ( and their practice has been in direct opposition to their own declarations . The result is that , in almost every one of our colonies there is an incipient rebellion , and the most of them are only waiting the time to throw off what is a detestable and a detested yoie .

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      PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED . The Girlhood of Slialcespcan ' s Heroines . Tale 9 . Rosalind and Celia ; the Friends . By Mary Cowden Clarke . W . H . Smith and Son ' , Strand . The Home . No . 15 . Edited by Itichard Oastler , York-stveet , Catherine-street . La Solution Economiqite Pour 1852 , ou U Credit Gratuite Mhabilite , Par ' M . Fevdin , and E ; A . Gasc . Londres , Delizy , Regent-stn > et . Robert Owen's Journal . Part 10 , Watson , Queen ' s .. Head-passage , . ?

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      SCE . VKS IN THK SPANISH BULL ClRCUS . —MADRID , July 20 . —Yesterday the Bull Circus of Anjurez became the . theatre of a spectacle worthier of theage of ' the Romans of the Empire than of the nineteenth ¦ . century ' . ' Severral wild beasts were ; introduced successively to fight in the arena ; The Qiieeu Mother and her familys together with the . King and theDuke of RisinZiires , were present , in the Royal Box .: The first fight was between a , wolf and several dogs . The wolf looked at first excessively frightened , ' and made several leaps to ¦ clear the lofty iron ' grating that surrounds the arena . ThesAefforfcs became'desperate when hesaw'bound into ' the circus four powerful dogs , which in a few moments reduced him to

      auch a pitiful state . that it was necessary to withdraw him . The wolf stood merely on tlie defensive —he shook off the ¦ dogs but did not attack them . Next entered a hyena , against which four dogs were likewise loosed . . One of : the dogs distinguished himself greatly in this combat , and several times mastered the hyena alone , dragging him over to the ground , ' but he was so punished by the fierce bites of tho wild beast , that he was fain to enter the arena and withdraw him from the combat amid salvos of applause . The hyena was then withdrawn in rather a mangled condition . sThe next wild beast that appeared was a ; sturdy surly bear , against whom wevo launched as many as thirteen dogs . The enemy was now evidently of amove

      formidable kind , lor the dogs were no longer so eager to grapple with the object of their attack , but contented themselves with barking around him in a ring , " and . when any ot the number ventured into -closer quarters , be received a hug and a bite that left him apparently' lifeless during a few seconds . The public now loudly called for the intrepid dbg who had first maimed the hyena . This . Was the first ! of the pack who dared to seize the bear with his teeth , The others imitated his example with less pluqk , but no effect seemed to be produced by any of the assailants upon thesha « gy beast , and the bravest of them seemed baffled by the thickness Of his coat , which defied the gripe of his adversaries ; The last act of the spectacle was that which had more particularly attracted crowds by railroad to Anjurez . The fight was now between aiion and a bull . " The first waaoneof the finest of his species . " No sooner was he loosed into the

      arena and espied the bull than he made towards him at once , and attacked him with fury . But he only succeeded in seizing the tail of his horned foe , by which he clung on with his claws . TllO hull thus attacked from . behind , was unable to defend himself by his horns ; ' but presently , the lion having bitten his tail off close to the rumpj the'bull turned on him , and frantic with pain charged with tremendous fury , tossing the lion , notwithstanding its size into the air , which so damped the pluck of the latter , that it became at once clear on which side the victory would be declared . The lion sat down dejected , and moaning with pain , while the bnll charged several times in succession , instigated by the crowd outside the grating , more than by his own will , for aa soon as the lion was liors de combat the bull sought no longer to molest him , and would have left him alone but for the stimulation which was applied to him by the spectators . The lion was killed .

      Government Appointments . —Mr . Lewis Charles Tennyson D'E yncourt , of the Inner Temple , is appointed a polica magistrate for the district of the metropolis , in the room ' of Mr . liurvell , of the Westminster Court . Mr . Fletcher Conyers Norton has been transferred as attache from her Majesty ' s mission at Brussels to the mission at Naples . Mr . Joseph Cuffe is appointed registrar of tho Supreme Court at Ceylon . ' ' ' Tmb Independence , « . f Brussels , eays it is very probable that the Queen of England and Prince Albert will visit Brussels during the fetes of September . • .-. ,

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      -HapfiNXSS . —Where isstrue hnppiness with cer-¦ tairity to 'be found ?—in the , Dictionary . 1 Fashion . —What is' fashion ?— -Dinners at mid'riighiand headaches in the morning . . Quite a Church Question . —What is the meaning of the word " See ?"—An Ocean of money . — Punch . ¦ India rubber gloves are capital things for those who wish to wash themselves without wetting their hands ! Sights Gratis . —The Museum of Practical Geology , Jennyn-street , is open ( Free ) on Mondays , Tuesdays , and Wednesdays . The Inner Temple . Hall ,, Inner Temple-lane , Fleet-street , ib open ( Free ) without tickets every day rom ten till four .

      The beautiful Temple Church is also open ( Free ) every day without orders , at the same hours . ' A Poet . —lie is not worthy of the name of a poet who would not rather be read a . hundred times by one reader than once by a hundred . Hint to Church Goers . —When you go to church go to sleep ; for philosophers say that shutting your eyes makes your sense of hearing more acute . ' , ' The head School of Design in London has 460 pupils ; the branch schools connected with it contain no less than 3 , 000 pupili ' V Time . " —Since Time , saith Goethe , is not a person , we can overtake when be is past , let us honour him with lairtli and cheerfulness of heart while he is passing .

      The CfBRK of the Ecclesiastical Weather . — Mr . Horseman has been described as " a'TVeathercock to point out to Bishops which way the wind was ' blowing over the Established Church . " — Punch , . . . ADVERTisEMENT .-j ohn , you are implored not to return , your mother is in perfect health , nothing can be arranged satisfactorily , and your family generally get on much better without you . —The Month . . : . A . Cute "Lad .- " Mother , don't you wish you had the tree of evil in your garden ?"— " Why , Josh you sarpent , what do you mean ?"— " As money ' s the root of all evil , if we had the tree , couldn ' t we get aUlhe precious stuff ?" Hujianitt for the Horsr . —A . Low , of Dundee , exhibits a mouth-bag for horses , having a gauze wire front for facilitating respiration . It is labelled "Humanity for the Horse . This admirable improve : ment explains and recommends itself .

      "Darnisq . "—A female writer says J— " Nothing looks worse on a lady than darned stockings . " Allow us to observe that stockings which need darning look much worse than darned one . 8 . Darned if they don't I—Boston Post . Choice Candidates . —Among the candidates for the National Council in the Cherokee Nation , we see the names of " Spring Frog , Spirit Pot , Laughat : much , and Lightning-bug . " For Sheriff , the names of Fish-tail and Pelican Tiger are mentioned .

      A Sinecure . —Curran being angry in a debate one day , put his hand on hia heart , saying , "I am the trusty guardian of my own honour . " " Then , " replied Sir Boyle Boach , " I congratulate my honourable friend on the snug sinecure to which he has appointed himself . " Exhibition Visitors . —It is a curious fact , but well attested by the observations of the police , that up to the present time the proportion- of country to town visitors at the Great Exhibition ha 8 been in the ratio of fire to two , arid that of the five , four have been from the agricultural districts . The great masses of the northern operatives have not yet ) epuu to move in earnest .

      A reverend sportsman was once boasting of Ins infallible skill in finding a hare . "If I were a hare , " said a Quaker who was present , "I would take my seat in a place where I should be sure of not being disturbed by thee from the first of January to the last of December . "— " Why , where would YOU go ? " "In thy study . " ' = 'Nottingham Lace . —In the year 1813 , plain patent net lace made at Nottingham was sold at the rate of a guinea a yard ; and , at tke present time , owing to tbe use of improved mechanism , lace of the same land , but of better quality , is sold under the same circumstances at 3 d . per yard ; in other words , within less than forty years the price of the industrial produce has diminished to one eighty-fourth part of its original price ! ¦

      Water . Ballast . —The Newcastle Intelligencer says that the principle of ballasting vessels with water instead of by the ordinary means has been successfully carried out at that place . The water , which is admitted through an aperture in tbe bottem of the veaselt is encased in bags , and is discharged through the same aperture by means of an improved patent pump , which , in the experiment " made , worked admirably . :. Hibernicism . —A Nottingham coach-painter made a bargain with ope of his assistants to call him up every morning during the week exactly at four o ' clock . On Monday he was punctual to a minate , but on Tuesday Patrick overslept himself . Hurrying on his clothes as he went , the Irishman rushet

      to his master ' s bedroom door , and knocking iiflpatiently exclaimed , " Get up , sir , directly , for it ' s an hour later than it was this time yesterday morning ! " . . Qualifications for a Trooper (? Robber . )—Cartouche , the celebrated French robber , who flourished in 1719 , being told a young man was desirous of becoming a member of his band , took him' under examination , and asking him where he had served , was answered : — " Two years with an attorney , and six months under an inspector of police at Paris . " "Then , said Cartouche , with transport , " Ishall consider it the same thing as if you had rode all that time in my troop ; " and the young man took rank accordingly , ' . :

      Mahomhedan REr-RooF . against Self-Righteousness . — " Having in my youth , " says a celebrated Persian writer , " notions of severe piety , I used to rise in the night to watch , pray , and read the Koian . One , night , whilst deeply engaged in these exercises , my father , a man of practical virtue , awoke whilst I was reading . Behold , ' said I to him , ' thy other children are lost in irreligious slumber , whilst I alone wake to praise God . ' ' Son of my soul , ' he answered , * it is better to sleep than wake to remark the faults of thy brethren . '" Marrikd Men and Bachelors . —HufelancV

      regarded married life , arid Kent celibacy , as the more conducive to longevity . Both referred to experience in support of their views ; the one to the examples recorded of married persons' attaining a great age , arid the other to thehealthy appearance of old bache-Ior 3 . ^ The solution of the problem is probably to be found inthefact . that in the one case vital energy is preserved by celibacy , and in the other the ' enfeebled frame is fostered by 'domestic care . ^ Tue statisticians of the present day tell us that , unmarried-folks have the'best of it . —Medical Times .

      Flying Machine . — Hie Patrie states that the French Academy of Sciences is just now examining a flying machine , invented by one Don Diego de Salanwnca , who declares . that he can make his way through the air as fast as a carrier pigeon . The machine consists of a case two feet long and one . foot wide , jfastened by a band of leather round the waist , buckled , behind .:, / Two won rods fixed to the case support a small piece of wood on which the feet repose , i The case contains a simple mechanism , similar to that employed to set-ah automaton in motion , worked by means' of " a handle . The wings are ten feet long , and made of very thin caoutchouc , covered with feathers . . ;• - ' . ' ¦ : ¦ ¦¦ '• - '•'

      Merited Rktort . — -Madame D . had a magnificent cat . Mv de . C . amused himself one day bykillingit , for want of something else to shoot . Madame ~ D . caused to be set in her ow . n house j . and in the houses of her friends , all sorts of mbuae trails ; and when three or four hundred mice were canght ^ she had them put into a'box which was forwarded . to Madamede C ., at her country house . .. 'J'he ' lady eagerly opened tllC box hevself , ekpecting'to fend in it . spnie new , fashions . The mice jumped out , and ^ presently , , tilled the house '; while' at the bottom of the box was feund a note 'directed to Madanie de C .: — " Madame . your husband has killed my cat—1 send you my mice , 'AlphonseKarr . ¦' ' ' ' - ' ¦ : : Longevity of Quakees . — Ithas been ascertained

      from authentic statistics , that one half of tbe human race die before reaching the age of twenty-one ' years ; and the bitts of mortality published in large cities , show that one half die before attaining theage of five years . JVith these undisputed facts before us , it will seem strange that the average age of Quakers in Great Britain is fifty-one years ,, two months , ' and'twentyone daya . v This ib ,, no doubt , attributable to the : restraints arid moderation which tbe principles ' of that sect impose upon its members—the restraint they are under in avoiding many of tbe dissipations and pernicions indulgences that hurry thousands to premature graves . What an excellent example for the instruction of the world !¦ ¦ ¦ > ' ¦• ¦¦ ' •>¦ ¦ ; . " ' • .

      " TnEBE ' s nae Luck aboot me House . "—I was reading this song toafriend , as well as a tongue not Scottish would let me , when an intelligent young person , below the rank that is called a lady , sat at worlvin the room . She smiled as I concluded , and said , half to herself , « ' Singing . that song got my sister a husband ! " " Is she so fine a singer ?" inquired niy friend . "No , " ma ' am , not a fine singer at all ; only somehow everybody likes to Lear her , because Bhe seems to feel the wordsishe sings , and so makes other people feel iheml But it was in her

      choosing that song that won William s love . He said that a woman ^ ho put so much heart into the description of a wife ' s joy in getting her husband home again , would be sure to make a good wife herself . And so she does . There never were a happier couple . . It has been . aluckly song . for them I am sure" Now itseems to me that this true story is worth all the criticisms ' in the world , hotli . on this particular ballad and on the manner of . ' sieging ballads in general . Let the poet and his song ' gtnssoaly put heart into them , and the lady , at least sees her reward , —Mas Mufobo , .. r ;

      Untitled Article

      Salmon Fishery in the TnAMKs . —This was onca of great importance to tho inhabitants of the villages upon the . banks of the Thames ; who appeav to have had ' cabh their- " assignod bounds for their fishery . j n t | 10 Churchwarden ' s Book of Wands-%° \ trl under *? ate 15 ? ° » is the following entry : — w . D . that thisyere in somer the fishinge Rome of wandesirorthe was by certen of Putney denyedand long Bute before my L . Maybr of London confl ^ V'Tv M , last ' according to Right , restorod by . the Lord Mayor and . the Councell of Loudon . And m this eoiner the fyshshers . of Wandosworthe tooke betwecne Monday and Saturday seven score salmons m the same fishinge , to the erefc honor of God . I have heard my mother sav that Thames salmon was plentiful when she was a young woman , and that it was the most esteemed of any ! She died recently , aged eighty-nine .-- From Not ' s and Queries .

      Value of a Private Soldier .. —The veteran sol . dier , cured of his wounds , or recovered from disease , is ordinarily of more " value than'the riew ] y 7 raised recruit , inasmuch aa he is more instructed in . his art , more confident in his military powers . It becomes , then , a measure of economy , independently of humanity , to husband the lives of our soldiers and our seamen , by the best attention to health that the medical art commands , This , perhaps , may be better under- * stood by a reference to pounds , shillings and pence , when it is shown , that the marketable valuable ot every private soldier dying in our East India possessions , is £ 135 ; this sum being required to train * equip , and bring from Europe another man to place in his stead . —Medical Times .

      Skin Kkjjptiojv.S Keisvo8js Jjjbbiiim'y, Scrofula, Biiscasts Of The Hones Ami (Xlnuils.

      SKIN KKJJPTIOJV . S KEISVO 8 JS JJjBBIIiM'Y , Scrofula , BiiscASts of the Hones ami ( xlnuils .

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      Untitled Article

      The United States : its Power and Progress . By GuilLAUME ; Tell . Poussur . Trans-: latcd by E . L . Du Barry , M . D ., Surgeon TT . S . Navy . Delf . ..:--. M . Poussin was the French Minister at Washington from the Eepiiblic of 1848 , —and during . his whole life lie has taken , great interest in most American questions . The most important . feature in the book is the prominence given to the : history of the . French discoveries and settlements in different paitB of the New World ; and in these portions of the narrative there is , as was perhaps inevitable , some degree of disproportionate diffuseness and partiality .

      M . Poussin givea a : substantially correct account of that singular and gigantic trading corporation , the Hudson ' s Bay Company—a company -which ,. considering t » e magnitude of its power , reBonrcea , and , operations , the curious incidents that have marked its career , and the extraordinary character of the . populations p laced under its care—has attracted too little notice in this country . : We must premise . by saying that in 1819 the animosity and competition which had prevailed so long between the Hudson ' s Bay Company and tho North-Western Company was terminated by the former association absorbing the latter : — ¦> ¦ ¦ ¦

      The Hudson ' s Bay- and the Kortb / WeBt Companies , as we have just stated , were merged into one , under the title of " Hudson's Bay Fur Company , to which parliament granted the entire monopoly ol the for trade in the terms of the concession made by Charles the Second , and invested it with civil jurisdiction over all the country it occupied . By virtue of the privileges thus awarded , the Hudson s Bay Company extended its jurisdiction , not only over all the British possessions in Hudson s Bay but also over all the territory of Oregon , and even over a part of California . It thus became , in relation to America , what the - East India Company is to tho mercantile and financial aristocracy of England—a means of extending itsmpnopoly , to its government an element of , encroachment and usurpation . This position , which , by-the-by , is not a novel one , and consequently ' should occasion no surprise , arises from the ordinary course of policy of that half-merchant and half-aristocratic power

      ? Knfthff ? ta 8 Wi Each P artner Placedat ih- S . \ ctorle 3 has a saIa''y equivalent to ? & » ? £ « , aL ^ -twenty-five thousand francs ( fi nfaOJi ^* -n ^ 1 Iar , 9 ) a year ! th « subordinate fBW ^ - ^ the sisteenth of a s *™ - Tlie ^ prmcipul agents hold . an annual' meeting at Y ? o ' H hv % W ' at which ^ e re ports transmuted by the subordinate agents are examined , and fc a ¦ l ^?! I « atl 0 ? pnrffied .- Here they deliberate and discuss the plans , of operation for the following campaign ; the new orders to . begiven to trap . Pers ' - ? 2 8 hor E « such general directions as will increase the profits of the company , and tend to the preservation of the beaver in the dompany ' s districts , Their report Is then sent to the directors in London .. heir

      to The tbreaSn ? ^ «* ° PP a bar » er craJy Let m ^ h 5 fl eXtension of American demo-SgSgSSSHfS transferable , as othei ^ shares . They are held for tow " by trS ^ ° " ly . br «^ ution , tbati 8 H nf J / vw sfei 3 twanged beforehand with the > TZ ?| B fi . ? Part ! e 3 ' «» e - Hew ' proprietor being placed m the same position as his predecessor . The ^ ' * ! ° r ^ t 0 r 3 » le ^ ing in America have the title

      for t personal examination . ' This company , by the po ^ er derived from its constitution , exercises a complete despotism overall its subordinates . It has absolute control of the liberty of all who are . in its ,: sei \ vice , whether as sub-agents , employers , bondsnien , or 3 layes-for the slavery which exists in all the Indian tribes , is also admitted ' throughout the domain of the Hudson ' s Bay Company . The chiefs have , therefore , the power of life and death over any individual who refuses to submit to . the rules ot tho company . They regulate , determine , or withdraw at will the salaries of all their agents or enijrfoj / es . ' They . fix the price pf ' all provisions or articles of . consumption , as . also ' the beaver . skins sold by the natives . From theBe uuvohases . and

      from the sale of their merchandise , they rca'ise a profit of not less than three hundred per cent . The labourers , who are generally natives of the Orhn y Islands , or Canadians , are enlisted for a term of uveyearaintue Korvice of the coapany , and receive from three hundred and aeventy-five lo four handled and twenty francs' a year ( from seventyfive to eighty-five dollars ) . The clerks at the posts are better' paid . .. AH aro armed , disciplined , and subjected to a rule epal in seyority . to that of an army .. | Every act of insubordination is immediately punished with death . Each trapper is accompanied by three or four slaves ; The price of an Indian slave is from ten to twenty blankets—that of a female is higher . If a slave dies within six months

      after be has been purchased , the seller is bound to retunihalf the price paid for him . " The love of gain , with respect to tho sale of a native , is such among Indians , that the instances are frequent in whichi fathers sell their own sons . The company has covered the Oregon territory with factories and military , post ? , which serve as storehouses and rallying points for their agents , arid for the Indians . The central factory or storehouse is at Vancouver , on the northern shore , upwards of one hundred miles above tbe mouth of the Columbia , and at the head of navigation . At the southern portion of this river , the company has built Fort Umaqua , near themouthof a . river of the same name . It has invaded a part of California , and occupies an important post in the harbour of San Francisco—ono of

      the boston the north- west coast oftbe ' Pacific , which vessels of all sizes can enter . It is now mistress of more than five thousand square miles to the west , and of two millions five hundred thousand to the east , of' the Rooky Mountains . In fine , as though the territory of Oregon were insufficient to satisfy the ambition of England , who aspires to become absolute mistress of the whole of the Pacific , and to be independent of the . competition of Russia in tbe market of China , tbe Hudson ' s Bay Company , in 1842 , took a leaso for ten years of air the Russian establishments in North America , at an annual rent of from twenty-six to forty thousand dollars . This treaty , however , does not include . the post at the Island of Setka , where Russia has a very large establishment . The last circumstance we shal

      notice concerning the views of Englandrelatire to America — a circumstance which should justly alarm the Americans , from its tendency to menace their power—is , that the . Hudson ' s Bay Company has recently directed its attention to the permanent occupation of tho Oregon territory , by founding agricultural and manufacturing establishments , and practical schools for the education of a generation it is raising with its own idoas , and tinder its own domination . . To insure its trade with , these countries , the company has a . small naval force at its disposal , composed of four vessels adapted for long voyages , two schooners which sail along the coaat from California' to the Russian settlements / and a steamer . All these . vessels are fully' armed and equipped . Moreover , they have founded an establishment at the Sandwich Islands , where these vessels can take in refreshments and provisions .

      This passage may be described as a favonrable illustration of the general character of the work—allowance being made for the evident disposition to exaggerate , In France , M . . Poussin will become a leading authority on American questions—and he will deserve the distinction .

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      Untitled Article

      RJL to iuGUs ^ , 85 , _ === THE NORTHERN , s rA : :- * •¦•* " *"" ' * inn 4 /\ * mi / ' * ' ¦ : *¦ ' " ' L . ""' " " : V "" | ^^""** M * linw—— nnii » jmft . ¦^ awinm i i W | ¦¦¦ MiMtii li ibi i ¦

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 9, 1851, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1638/page/3/