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Northern Star (1837-1852), 7th December 1850, Edition 1 of 3, Page 3, Untitled Article

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  • Departments (4)
    • 3S ?Qmg. TadtttV'
    • £»e&ceiB£.
    • T^msum*
    • HEALTH WHERE 'TIS SOUGHT! [TOLLOWAT'S PILLS/
  • Adverts (2)
  • Text (12)
  • Transcript

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      Untitled Ad

      uo-e 0 / a Disordered Liver and Stomach , when in a most hopeless state . TrIn et A ° - ^ f . erfrom Mr - Matthew Harvey , of Chapel Sin Ym ,, " > ? co"an ( 1 . d"ted the 15 th of January , 1856 . p ^ M « J ?™ H UabU > piUs have been the moans . with n ^ S ?^ " ?^ t 0 a state of perfect health , doing what they could for „„ , SltlmUh y ' cSskS my case as hopeless I ought to say that Ihoo been suffer , ing from a hver and stomach complaint of long standing , which during the last two years got so much worse that everyone considered my condition as hopeless . I as a last resource , got a box of jour pills , which soon gave relief and by persevering in their use for some weeks , together with , rubbing uight and morning your Ointment over ray chest and stomach , and right side , I have by their means alone got completely cured , and to the astonishment of nivself and everybody who knows me ( Signed ) JlATTHEw Uia . VEr . —To JL ' rofessor Houoway . Cure of a Case of Weakness and debility , of Fow

      Untitled Ad

      Thirty-Fifth Edition , Containing Vie Remedy for the Prevention of Disease . Illustrated with Twenty-Six Anatomical Coloured Engravings on Steel . ON PHYSICAL DISQUALIFICATIONS , GENERATIVE . INCAPACITY , AND IMPEDIMENTS TO MARRIAGE . A new and improved Edition , enlarged to 186 pages , price 2 a . Gd ; by post , direct from the Establishment , 8 s . fid , in postage stamps . T . H vE SILENT FRIEND ; a Medical Work on tho Exhaustion and Physical Decaj of the System , produced by Excessive Indigence , the const guences of Infection , » r the abuse of Mercury , with explicit Directions for the use of the Preventive Lotion , followed by Observations on the Married State , and the disqualirieatiors which prevent it ; illustrated by twenty-sixcoloured Engravings , and by the detail of Cases . ' By I { . and L . VEKBX and Co ., 19 , Berriers-street , Oxfordstreet , London . Published by the authors , and sold by Strange , 21 , Pater , noster-roiv : Hannay , 63 , and Sangcr , 100 , Oxlord-streef ; Starie , 23 , Tichborne-street , Haymarket ; and Gordon , 146 , Leadenhall-street , London ; J . and R . Raimes and Co ., Leithwalk , Edinburgh ; 1 ) . Campbell , Argyll-street , Glasgow ; J . _ Priestly , Lord-street , and T . Kewton , Churchstreet , Liverpool ; It . Ingram , Market-place , Manchester .

      Untitled Article

      THE POOR MA ^ S SABBATH . fly the a uthor of " The Omnipotence of the Deity , " * «« Leisure Hours , " and other Poems . Blessed day—the day God-givep , Rest-time from our weary toil ; Only one of all the seven Free from crushing xrork and moil . Sabhath—rest-day—day of sleeping , Solace for the six days' care ; Ease for limbs with pain still creeping , From the long week' s wear and tear . Blessed Sabbath , gift of hearen , Man-begrudged , and man-denied ; TJncomtnanded , unasked given , When the suffering man-God died .

      How we love ye , and the giver , For the boon we fondly prize ; For the woodland , field , and river , Blessing then our weary eyes ; Tor the beauty , for the glory , Of the flowers , and sun , and sky ; For the poem , paper , story—Sabbath ' s privilege and joy . Though for us , nor harp nor tabor , "Wake their soft ^ Eoiian strains , After days of crushing labour , After nights of aches and pains ; Though for as , nor organs swelling , Church , nor priestly blessing given Though for ns nor parson telling ; Seat , nor pew , nor way to heaven j

      We have Sabbath-music , pealing From the universe of God ; And onr raggedness finds kneeling Bounteous on the daisied sod . And amocg the heather stealing , And upon the balmy wind , Trnths are whisper'd , hopes revealing Sweet as heaven-light to the blind . Sermons , too , the woods are preaching , Lessons great the press supplies , Weighed , and understood , and teaching Poor men ' s worth and destinies . Sabbath , then , we'll prize thee ever J Struggling—wear the galling chain Riveted bv eheapen'd labour ,

      Hamper'd money , tyrant s reign-Till our moral power and uses , Rights and liberties , shall be Subjected to no abuses—Owned and granted , full and free Then the day—the rest-day—given From our woeful , weary toil , Shall be every day in seven—Rest for labour , bliss for moil . Hot with pride our minds inflating , Scorn of work and bate of rank Best and labour alternating—Life a prize , and not a blanK .

      Bising upwards to our level—Feeling all our might and power-Sot misusing it for eril—Wide-world ' s blessing , bulwark , tower Casting down the tyrant ' s places-Banishing the curse of war—Raising up down-trodden faces—Or what good power's given for . Till the nations glorious rising , To the privilege erst given-Each the right of other prizing , Earth becomes a type of Heaven .

      Untitled Article

      Eeport of tlte Speech of Henry MayTiew , Esq ., at St . Martin ' s Hall , October 20 , 1850 . London . This speech was delivered by the well-known ** Special Correspondent" of the "Morning Chronicle , " atameeting convened by the Tailors' Committee , for the purpose of exposing the falsehoods contained in an article in that paper on " The Sweating System , " and to exhibit the terrible evils engendered by that system , whether regarded in a moral , physical , religions , or sanitary point of view . The Committee have Tery judiciously published a full report , with the evidence adduced at that meeting , on these points ; and a more appalling record of the misery inflicted by our present system it is scarcely possible to imagine . '

      It is also important to know the reason why Mr . Mayhew was removed from a position in which he was rendering so much service to society . Mr . Mayhew said : — ; When he first entered into his engagement on this subject with the conductors of the Chronicle , knowing their views upon political economy , he stipulated that not a fact should be altered or withheld in any of his communications , and tfeey pledged him their words that if he supplied them with facts , those fsets they wonld print , no matter what theory or peculiar line of policy they might appear to interfere withlie soon found , however , thatif he put any

      , gtatementinhisletters which clashed withtheeditor ' s idea 3 of free trade , the pen was immediately drawn through it . On one occasion , whilst employed on the bootmakers * trade , this suppression wa 3 so strongly marked that he could no longer , as a honest man , submit to it . In this case two passages were omitted from his manuscript , which appeared to lim to be perfectly fair statements , and which no one but a person determined to . suppress the truth , would ever have thoaght of erasing . The one "was a statement from a working man , concerning the influence of French boots upon his trade—the other a matter of fact , recorded by Mr . JIayhew

      himself . Here they were •— « , * « . « " The trade , I know , generally consider that free trade is of advantage to the monied man , and not to the working classes . A man who has a regular income can get more for his money when things are cheap . The working classes of this country are unable to compete with foreigners . We are too highly taxed and stand at too great rent 3 to do it . let us be free altogether / and then we will compete with any nation you please , both in the style and the price of our work .. But with dear governments and dear rents it is useless talking of cheap prices in this country , unless they are obtained at the ruin of the working classes . Let us be free , I say , and then people may talk of free labour as much as &ey like But we have no means of saying our c ~ if rra JinM mililic meetines . government calls

      , it a conspiracy I take it , though , wes are as much an element of the State as either the landlords or the capitalists : and I look upon it as a dead robbery that I should be forced to pay taxes that I have not the least voice in imposing . You see , government puts taxes upon us without allowing us one word in the matter . They expect us to pay them , and at the same time tbey let in the produce of foreigners doty free—that js , without making them contribute anything to the Stete-and then expect U 3 to compete with them after they have overburdened ns with duties and tuxes on almost everything at home ; as they have token the taxes off foreign goods , let them take the taxes off : STand then , and not fill then , shall we be able to compete with the foreigners . " ThA spi-ond narasraph omitted was as follows : —

      " Such I am bound in candour to confess , is tne opinion of all such portions of the working classes al I have already been brought into communication with . Tne Spitalfields wearers were almost to a - man protectionists , dating the decline of their . wages from the reduction of the duties on foreign goods ; and though the tailors were not so violently opposed to the free trade policy as the siih weavers ( many of them declared themselves sup ¦ porters of the doctrine , ) still I found them generally of opinion that some enactment was requ / reo in order to protect the operative , and restrict the masters from Laving work done off their premises . Arain . tbe coalwhipi . ers dater their prosperity from

      ' the bill which prohibited the coal owners from employing other than registered labourer in delivering the cargoes of their ships ; and they com-• plained bitterly of the operation of the bona fide clause , which allowed masters to engage any hands ¦ they pleased , provided they could make out tbey 1 takvn them into their service fourteen days - previously . T am bound , I fay , in common honesty to the trust which his been confided to me—viz ., to register the truth whithersoever it way lead—to make known these facts as regards tbe working men ' s opinions : whether such opinions Sire formed * upon the sound and enlightened principles of au £ enlarged commercial policy , I leave others to derecord factsand

      < dare . My function is to , certainly not ' to uphold or to oppose theories . ' / Now , without entering at all into the question " of free trade , he ( Mr . Afayhew ) thought no one " could affim that these U 6 passages should , in ' fairness , have been withheld from the public . But -. the Editor thought differently ; he had told him ' fMr Mayhew ) . previously that he considered the U Articles on tUo bootmakers were all against free * " trade ; but his ( Mr . ilayhew ' s } reply was tbat he ' iad nothing to do with that-his business being ii simply to record the facts as he found tLetn , and o ^ c erteinlyn ' ot ; to give those only which appeared to - iaV . OBT the peculiar policy of the ifonriiig Chrouidt * " Accordingly ,, on P erceiving the two plages before ' "" cited , omitted from tbe primed region of Lis letter "• on the boot and shoemakers , he despatched the - following note to the Editor : —

      Untitled Article

      " 1 , Leigh-street , Burton-eresenfc , .... „ _ Feb . Sthf 1850 . * aT i ' 7- - , ur osely absented myself from the office last night because I was anxious to consult with certain private friends , concerning my position upon the Morning Chronicle . I think I have told you before , that in matters affecting my own interests , or touching my own feelings , I never permit myself to act upon my own unadvised opinions . " In the proofs of my last letter there occurred the two passages which I send herewith , and which you thought it right to omit . Now , believe me , my dear sir , I have not the least wish or disposition to interfere with , or question the fit exercise of your offiee as Editor of the Morning Chronicle , still , I myself am bound by the trust that you have confided to me , to see that the truth , of which you have made me the seeker , is not rendered subservient to the politics of the journal of which you are the Editor . J » . Jiel S a-8 treefc , Burton-eresenfc .

      " You will remember that , before I began the inquiry , you yourself expressed it to be your wish as strongly a 3 it was my determination , that the truth , and the troth alone , should be sought and developed , no matter what party or peculiar principles it might appear to favour or militate against This , I believe , was the express and tacit understanding between us . The labour question was to be investigated without reference to any particular prejudice , theory , party , or policy , and it was with this spirit that I set out upon my mission . I made

      up my mind to deal with human nature as a natural philosopher or a chemist deals with any material object ; and ,. as a man who had devotedsome little of his time to physical and metaphysical science , I must say I did most heartily rejoice that it should have been left to me to apply the laws of the inductive philosophy for the first time , I believe , in the world to the abstract questions of political economy . I am thus prolix because I wish you to understand that 1 am anxious to raise no frivolous objection to the exercise of your functions as Editor of the Morning Chronicle .

      " Tha enclosed paragraphs you have thought fit to erase from my printed letter of last Monday . This ( I am sure you will pardon me in so saying ) appears to me to be an interference with the duties entrusted to me , that I am bound in honour and honesty to protest against . I am well aware that the opinions expressed in those paragraphs are not consonant with the politics of the Morning Chronicle . With that , however , I , as a person collecting and registering facts ( without reference to any particular creed or theory ) am in no way concerned ; and I must say , that if £ cese facts are to be omitted because tbey are thought not to coincide with certain preconceived notions , or a peculiar line of policy , I must decline continuing my labours upon the Morning Chronicle .

      " I say this after consultation with my friends , and those friends , moreover gentlemen advocating the same princi p les as the Morning Chronicle itself ; and the conclusion come to among us is , that I cannot in honour consent to pursue my investigations until I have an assurance from you that the enclosed paragraphs shall be inserted in my next letter , and that in future no matter of fact bearing upon the subject of my inquiries shall be omitted from my letters . " I trust you will receive this in the spirit that it is written , and see that far from having any wish to dictate to you in the exercise of your office , I am anxious only to carry out to the letter the terms of my engagement with yon , and to do my duty both to yoa and the public in as fair and iust a manner as I nosibly can .

      "I shall feel obliged by your answer in the course of this evening . I leave town to-night and shall return early in the morning ; so if you will oblige me with a line , saying that I may continue my labours in the same impartial spirit as I began , I will immediately set to work again as cheerfully and heartily as ever . If , however , you think that in making the insertion of the enclosed paragraphs an express stipulation of the continuation of my inquiries , I am demanding too much of you , or seeking to interfere with your duties in a manner that you cannot permit , then ( as I am anxious to put you to as little inconvenience as I can ) I shall be happy to complete my inquiries into the income and condition of the shoemakers , so that my labours upon the Morning Chronicle may terminate with as little disagreeableness as possible .

      " Be your decision , however , as it may , I trust that this misunderstanding will in no way even cool the friendship tbat exists between us , and which makes me subscribe myself , " 3 Jy dear Sir , your very sincere friend , " Hexht AIayjiew . " The Editor then gave Mr . 1 L his assurance tbat no erasure should be thereafter made without fir » t consulting him on the snbjeet , but in a few weeks tbe same dishonest tampering again took place with his articles , and his situation on the paper became one of a not very amicable nature . He and the conductors were continually disputing , and

      be was as continually reminding the gentlemen tbat hs wished to be quit of his engagement ; and he should have been quit of it long ago , had they not told him that if he left they wtuld get somebody else to write his letters—and he certainly did not " wish to father other persons * articles . ( Hear , hear . ) At last they proposed to him that he should describe the state of the workers in metals , in two articles ; but feeiing that he could not , in justice to the operatives or himself , do so as a honest man , he replied , "So ; I have done with it ; " and he then left . Two or three days after this out came the article respecting the Messrs . Nicoll , gainsaying all he had said .

      That " The Special Correspondent" has been led to very different conclusions from our Free Trade journals and economists , by his personal and practical experience , will be seen from the following extract : — But , after all , he asked , was it possible to have things cheap ? Political economists told them that cheapness was to be tlte great national Messing ; indeed , the " cheap age" uas to le the political " Millenium . " Hut how was cheapness possible but by exalting one trade at the expense of another ? ( Hear ) Tor instance , suppose that one coat were exchanged for one hat and that the quantity of coats were to be doubled . It was clear that in tbat case two coats would exchange for one hat . But suppose the number of bats to be in their turn doubled , would it not then come to the same thingone coat wonld still exchange against only one

      hat ; so that make everything cheap , we WERE SIMPLY IN THE TLACE WHERE WE WEBB BEFOBE , notwithstanding all the hurry and scramble to dp that which cannot be done . It was , in fact , as impossible to have every thing cheap or dear , as it was to have every man short or tall . These were relative terras , and both supposed one common standardthe mere deviation from which they expressed . The common standard of value was cost of production , and that article alone was cheap which fell below this point . "Whether this was the blessing that political economists raved about—whether they wished all thingsor even half , or a smaller

      frac-, tion , to fall below the cost of production—or whether they really did know what they meant when they talked about cheapness and its advantage to a community , Mr . Mayhew was at a loss to comprehend . The tendency of the cheap mania was to enable one trade , or one man in a trade , to rum all the rest , by forcing the price of his or their goods below the current price . The means by which it was ordinarily done were as follows : —There was a legitimate cheapness and an illegitimate cheapness . The former was the result of an extensive production—it was brought about when , by scientific

      improvements and a division of labour , or by tne use of machinery , we got to do our work with « smaller number of hands , and so to produce at a diminished expense . To produce a greater amount of wealth viitJt a lesser amount of labour was laid to be the greatest blessing to a community . And so rr woulp be PHOWDED WE HAD KOT TOO MAST UNEMPLOYED LABOOREKS ALBEAPV , AND WE COULO KILL OFF THOSE wnou we thus deprived of work . But we must keep our surplus paupers . Let us put them aside as much as we pleased , still if vie did not keep tliem as honest worhnen , they would appear around us as paupers and criminals . We might conceive the whole wealth of the country to be produced by the pers' -ns who were merely employed to make and attend upon the machines ; but what was to become of the people got rid of by these means ? _ We liad nut . them on one side ; could we wring their necks ?

      If we could not , they must live , and that upon a nortion of the produce of the community . ( Hear , Sr ) A » hort time ago he ( Mr . 31 . ) went into Buck'n " h 3 lnshire to look into the allotment , sysfern And , in one parish of ] , S 00 acres , he found thTt only a few years ago , there were seventeen iTzks ?^ s ^ "p ° 4 ^ p ^^ T ^ rr ^ ffiSi ^^ S&SwfeSrSse "psitSSs clergyman tbere , WHO ii- * i *"" . ... _„ , thafthe tun .-thing was «^? X ™? tobrM also ; that small forms were # * SJ ^ enhc ° d Ws , and that half the labourers were J'SP » g | f-TheaPiienltRr . -. ! labourers , at the time Ot Uimj

      the hit census , were 1 , 500 , 000 ; in number ; » •« if tins system had beenf g enerally carried out iJierc must have been formerly 3 , 000 , 000 men at work upon the lands . And vliat , be asked , were iue 1 , 500 , 000 who had been disp laced , now doingwJicre were they gone to ? Had they Tcmatuta at home preying upon tiieir own people—or were tJie > j . gone to after countries—or did they form a part of t « ose bands of ruffians who were wa lking about the «» " «< committing ants at which ffte soul rtvotitd . f The working classes in Great -JBritjiuVwere about four mil- lioas put of a population of eighteen millions and a half . These were the producers' of the entire weslte of the country . And , tfit estimated power cf .

      Untitled Article

      the mechanical labour of the country was 600 , 000 , 000 of mm . No wonder , then , that we tamcbd of ovER-POPOLAtioif , and that there \ m a difficulty for men to pret a crust fortheir day ' s subsistence . The one crying difficulty of the time was what we should do with the men whoso labour was displaced by the progress which had been , and was continually being , made by science and mechanical skill ? They must wake up to Hie actual reality of the state of things around them , and not continue to follow mm like Mr . Golden and Mr . Bright , who told them that they were happy , that iliey were well fed , that they had as much , *„ * T - - - ,- ,- - -

      as they wanted , and that tiieir wives and their children were not at that time starving . Let these men come with him- ( Mr . Mayhew ) but one day , and he PLEDGED niMSBLF TO SHOW THEM SUCH SCENES OF nORROR AND MISERY AS SHOULD AFFRIQnT THEM— if they possessed souls—to thkir vert souls . Be ( Mr . If . ) had no creed as regarded the remedy as yet . He saw evils ; but so many fresh ones were constantly presenting themselves in his pathway that , until the facts were collected , it was impossible for him to state what he thought would cure them .

      There was another evil in the large and scientific system of production as at present carried out , that had not yet been estimated . The labourers displaced by it must , as he said before , be maintained by some means ; if they could no longer earn a subsistence by they labour , they muse be kept at the expense of the State . We could not allow them to die of starvation , even if they would . Let us therefore endeavour to compute how much the country had to pay every year for the support of those vory working men with whose labour wo considered it the highest blessing to be able to dispense . Remember , we can only produce cheap—even in a legitimate way—by creating the same or a greater amount of uicaltli with a smaller quantity of labour , or in other

      words , a fewer number of labourers . If there be 4 , 000 , 000 of workpeople in this country , and we learn bow to do all the work with only ' 3 , 000 , 000 , then it is very clear that the remaining million must be kept in a state of idleness , at the expense of tbe community . If , then , our population bo increaaing by hundreds every day , and every day wo are , from improvements in both the science and art of manufacture , learning how to decrease our labourers by the same amount , it fellows that our paupers and criminals , despite all our gaols , prison discipline , ragged schools , allotments , and such other physical and moral panacea , must be continually increasing at a most alarming and overwhelming rate . Let us , then , endeavour to find out how dear a tiling cheapness may be to a civilised community . In tbe first place , the paupers alone

      cost the country seven millions of pounds a year ; then the sum dispensed in charities , to alms-people , mendicants , the inmates of asylums and hospitals , amounts at least , to three millions more ( the income derived from property bequeathed for charitable purposes is very nearly half tbe amount ); and , lastly , the cost of maintaining the thirty thousand criminals that enter our gaols every year , together with the value of the property stolen , is upwards of a million ; thus making the entire expense of supporting the outcasts of our State amount to less that twelve millions of pounds sterling per annum . Look at it in which way wo please , this sum expresses tho amount by which the working classes of this country are unable to support themselves , and which the community at large has to make up to them .

      Bat if the working classes cannot earn enough by twelve millionB of pounds to maintain themselves , by how much are the trading classes deficient—in other words , what amount of money does the nation lose every year through the reckless and dishonest dealings—the insane competition—the suicidal underselling of its tradesmen ,, in order to keep pace with the national love of cheapness ? THE TOTAL LOSS THROUGH BANKRUPTCIES IS THUS

      ESTIMATED . The dividends paid by the Court of £ Bankruptcy in 1 S 45 , were 1 , 213 , 000 By a return of one Court of the actual result of fifty cases , taken consecutively , the average amount of dividend paid was not three shillings in the pound . This sum , therefore , represents gross debts of £ 8 , 066 , 000 , and a net loss of ( proved by the returns of the Court of Bankruptcy in 1845 ) ...... 6 , 853 , 000 From extensive inquiry , it appears that the cases passing through the Court of Bankruptcy are not one tenth in

      number or . amount of the insolvency of the country , the remaining ninetenths being arranged under deeds of assignment and composition . The dividends , however , on such cases will , on an average , reach seven shillings in the pound , making the aunual loss , under Composition Deeds , assuming this proportion to be correct , amount to the enormous sum of . 52 , 429 , 000 The cases heard before the Insolvent Debtors' Court amounted , in 1843 , to above £ 5 , 000 ; the average loss may be estimated at , per annum 1 , 000 , 000

      Total loss per annum £ 61 , 495 , 000 Now adding the above enormous amount to the twelve millions for the cost of maintaining the paupers and criminals of this country , we have a sum total of seventy-three millions of money , or very nearly one-fourth of the entire National Income lost in the insane attempt to drive down the prices of things below their prime cost . Was there then so dear a luxury as cheapness—so extravagant and ruinous a propensity ? To gratify this same overweening love of bargains , every man , woman , and child had to pay £ 3 5 s . every year . This sum was the common penalty paid for the blind belief that it was possible for a nation to grow rich while each individual was striving to cut down rent , profits , and wages below subsistence point . Such are the evils of cheapness , even when legitimately attained ; that is to say , when effected solely by improved means of production , and so reducing the number of labourers .

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      * m Life , Scenery , and Customs , in Sierra Leone and the Gambia . By Thomas Eyke Poole , D . D ., formerly of Magdalen Hall , Oxford . London : Bentley . Mk . Poole was Colonial Chaplain , and has lived to return and tell his tale of that white man ' s grave . How he escaped is surprising . The every day duties of Colonial and Garrison Chaplain are fatiguing enough in such a climate ; but the visitation of the sick and the burial of the dead are harassing to the last degree , especially as the doctor seems to think the fever infectious as well as contagious ;

      while the numerous funerals are generally performed under circumstances both depressing and noxious . He also had other grounds of annoyance , about which he speaks Bomewhat darkly in his sketches of the morals and manners of the colony . Dr . Poole , however , lived through it all , and . in tolerable enjoyment , too . He not only took his " constitutional" exercise , but made numerous excursions in the neighbourhood of Freetown , and visited our settlements on the Gambia , making a long

      voyage up the river . He exposed himself at all hours , professionally or for . pleasure ; and lived well . The Colonial Chaplain is no ascetic . He enjoys a good dinner , and a glaiss of wine , or grog , or " Bass's pale , " and seems only not to smoke because he cannot . These things , and some other rnattera in costume , &c , which would make a priest or formalist turn up his eyes , either cannot be avoided'in the primitive state of-an African settlement on the Western coast , or are indispensable to existence . " In the Tropics we must live well

      to live at all . , . . The work contains a good deal of information as regards the Coloured and E uropean population of Sierra Leone j with opinions and suggestions respecting this part of Africa and the " natives , of a mixed kind ; some being sensible , and others useless oi' impracticable . There are complaints against the Colonial Office , and many exposures of mismanagement and abuses ; with narratives of excursions , aud sketches of incidents of travel or adventures in the wild .

      All tlie immigrants -vvlio were brought to Sierra Leone during the time of slavery . WBTfl very far beyond the natives . The following will g ive an account of an English preacher ' s duties among the " Niggers " : — A more pleasing and delightful trait of character , of quite a different complexion , and which was exhibited under very interesting circumstances , was once described to me by a friend on the coast , who was himself concerned in the transaction which Drought it to light . This gentleman bad been he le under

      preaching on the previous day to tpeop his care . He was accosted by a native , one of the members of his chnrge , who said he wished very much to speak to him ; and , on being asked the purport of lii-5 question , he told the person what he wanted , which was an explanation of a word he had heard but could not understand . " M : \ ssa . massa , | , p exclaimed , " good morning , massa . You done gpeak , ycBtcrd » y , oiie big word !" . , lle ^ was aske what it was . . The inquirer cont-nued , . ^ Mmm , ; I no can tell , but I-want you to tell me . what ft u . Tbb -entleman wai altogether at . a loss to couiuo ture haw that expression could bo which had made

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      Sttoffl" ? onthis 8 imple bufc 8 incerecon - hf , rwfn £ ^ 8 { lani . { Jr : and tried a variety of words , nf AvnS r ammg afc ttotwHoh was the subject man P atl 0 D ' " ? Z ! ? " asked * he S ^ lefW * nJrt IMn ?? ' " Thilt bri « ht fOT gOOd , but IS «> W > jd . " "Is it GodV continued the gentleman , "Tsavez God be bright , " answered tho inquirer ; "but that not the word . " "Is it llTfi ,, - pur f , ucd my friend . " I savez that , " said the Afl-ican , « tny heart , " putting his hand upon ? t + ' »» h ^ amet"ne ; "that-be good , but it no be tnai . _ ifie gentleman was almost disheartened and reany to give up the inquiry , when he remembered

      navmg used the expression effulgence . " Is it effulgence ? asked the gentleman . The word was scarcely spoken than , in an ecstasy of delight , and laughing for joy , the African exclaimed , " Yes , massa ; yes , massa , that be big word : please tell me what that big vrord mean . " To the best of his ability the person tried to make him understand its meaning by directing his attention to the riaini ? sun , and other , objects calculated to assist hi 3 niind in comprehending it ; when the poor fellow observed , raising his eyes to heaven , and clasping his hands together , "Oh , massa , that just how we shall see God in heaven "

      Here is a good idea of a stylish Negro wedding : _ The behaviour of the applicants / or tho bonds of Hymen is , for the moat part , decorous ; but I am sometimes compelled to read them a lecture , as well as the friends who attend them . I make , however , every allowance for their not knowing better . The most troublesome and " unpleasant part of the duty is to regulate and keep in order the ill-behaved , and very often disreputable characters who noisily and irreverently crowd into the church on such occasions , and would , if not restrained by severe and decisive interference , bring their indecencies and ribaldry up to tho railings of the altur . I have

      often been obliged to send for a policeman to preserve decorum ; and then the miserable beings will run out of the church with laughter and grins and cver . v other expression of icnoraRce and'contempt . Thedress of the bride and bridegroom at the bridal merits a better pen than mine to describe it . The uglier the parties , the more pains they seem to take to show it off to the utmost , by the most conspicuous contrast of colour and finery . Fancy a short , dumpy , waddling bit of a body , black as jot , covered with white silk or satin ! Flounces four dosp , white satin shoes , white gloves , artificial wreath or a fillet of natural flowers encircling her curly pate ' . There is no exaggeration in this . Then the massive earrings of virgin gold depending from two monstrous

      lapping cars , the . almost imperceptible nose , tho pouting lip , and white pearly teeth . So much for the bride . Now for the bridegroom . Scarcely able to turn one way or the other , so tightly is he cased in a bluo swallow-tailed coat with gilt figured buttons , white folding waistcoat , and everything olae to correspond . The wedding-ring must not bo overlooked , as it is frequently a curiosity itself and not always of gold , or plain , but sometimes silver , brass , tin , broad and twisted . The glove of the bashful lady has generally to be violently taken off to admit the putting on the finger the precious emblem of fidelity and perpetuity of love : and I havo never wanted volunteers to officiate for me in helping the most interested of the party to got the ring honestly and fairly in its appointed place .

      The most painful part of my duty in these mattors was to get them to repeat the words of tho service after me . The wretched stupidity they would show in trying to do this , exceeds be ' lief ; and the unseasonable ridicule it would provoke in their own people was distressingly trying . In short , their utter ignorance in numerous cases of tho nature of the responsibilities they were undertaking could not fail of causing regret that they marry ac all .

      Untitled Article

      The Christian Socialist . Parti . Watson , Queen ' s Head-passage , Paternoster-row , We have so recently noticed this excellent periodical , that it is unnecessary for us to do more than acknowledge the receipt of the first part , complete , and to commend it again to the support of all who take an interest in the social welfare of the people .

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      A LARGE Sllir DBSJSFTCD . —Amonjjst the disasters in tllO late gale , » largo timber ship became water-logged , aiid in this state was abandoned off tho south-western coast , by her captain and crew , who were brought safe into Qneenstown . Their statements having led to a knowledge of her position , Mr . N ; Seymour , junr ., took a orew of twenty men out iu the Ainphithrito cutter , belonging to Messrs . Seymour and Co ., and was fortunate enough to board her , and leave the men in charge . The name of the vessel is the Coromandel , of Liverpool , and we understand that her value , including the cargo , exceeds £ 0 , 000 . These become a droit of Admiralty , and will be sold as such .

      Curious Circumstance . — A few days since , as some sportsmen lvere hunting wild bears in tlie Forest of Vilkgusien , near Langies , tho servant of one of tho party fired at a boar , whioh fell , and the man , thinking he was dead , ran to take possession of bis . prize , when tho animal , which , though mortaUy . soun . ied . had still . strehgtli enoug h to rise up , attacked' his assailant , and striking hint withhis tusk ; divideU ' the crural artery , by which ho bled to death in a few minutes . — Gallighanis Messenger .

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      Health Where 'Tis Sought! [Tollowat's Pills/

      HEALTH WHERE 'TIS SOUGHT ! [ TOLLOWAT'S PILLS /

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      A bachelor is like a jug without a handle , there ' s no taking hold of him . Never court the favour of the rich by flattering either their vanity or their vices . Why is the letter S likely to prove dangerous when used in an argument ?—Because it turns words into SwoTtDS , The man that rides the night-mare has challenged the telegraph to trot fifty miles before a waggon . Gigantic crystals have been found in Cairngorm by tho "diggers" engaged in the pursuit ; two especially weighing 231 bs . and 551 bs . Extraordinary Fact . —It is stated , upon the very highest authority , " that the Queen never takes anything to eat in the morning before breakfast . "

      A ghntlk heart is like ripe fruit , which bends so low that ib is at the mercy of every one who chooses to pluck it , wiile tiie hai'dev fruit keeps oat of reach . A Cube for Love . —A quaint author recommends as a cure for love—first , to fast ; then tarry ; thirdly , change thy place ; fourthly , think of a halter , which is very concise and easily to be done . The numbers of the French army have been diminished within the past year from 451 , 000 noen to 396 , 000 . while the ships of war , of which , in 1318 , there were 235 , are now reduced to 125 . Tne Mind . —The mind has a certain vegetative power , which cannot be wholly idle . If it is not laid out and cultivated into a beautiful garden , it will of itself Bhoot up in weeds or flowers of a wild growth .

      An I . O . U . cannot be transferred from one person to another ; but if a person produces in a Court of Law an I . O . U . not directed to any one , unless the contrary is proved , the party producing it is supposed to be the U . Thk higher the order of intellect with which one is brought in contact , the less one has to foar ; true goodness is ali charity , and true genius is the least presumptuous . Knowledge cannot be acquired without pains and application . It is troublesome and like deep digging for pure waters ; but when once you come to the spring , they rise up and meet you .

      A Cakwd Rui'lv . — "I shall be happy , " said an expiving husband to his wile , who was weeping most dutifully by the bedside , " if you will only promise not to marry that object of my unceasing jealousy , your cousin Charles . "— " Make yourself quite easy , love , " said the expectant widow , "I am engaged to his brother , " A Quack . — " Ma ' am said a quack to a nervous old lady , " yours is a scrutunary complaint . ""What is that ?"— "It ia the dropping of the nerves . The nerves having fallen into the pizarintura , the chest becomes torberous , the head goes tizarizzen , tizarizzen . "— " Oh , Doctor , you have described by feelings exactly 5 " A Poser . —A cornet in a " crack" regiment of the line was asked by the military examiner whether the sun moved round the earth or tne earth round the sun . The youngster was astonished at the question : —and after hesitating for some time , said at Inst , by

      way of compromise— " Sometimes the one and sometimes the . other . Rather over-Zealotjs . — We have recently heard of a piece of Protestant zeal , which , notwithstanding all our heartiness in the cause , goes , in our opinion , a little beyond discretion . It appears that a gemleman ffho feels an honest indignation at the recent conduct of the Romish hierarch , has refused to deal any longer with his butcher , for sending him a leg of mutton with the Pope ' s eye in it . —Punch , A Serious Joke . —la the reign of Edward the Fourth the sign of the " Crown" in Cheapside was kept by one Walter Walker . This person had observed in joke that Jie would make bis son "heir to the Crown . " The words reached the jealous ears of royalty ; the foolish equivoque was construed into the crime of high treason , and the man was hanged opposite to his own door . —tee ' s London and its Celebrities .

      Cheating , and being Cheated . —Lying is the commonest and most conventional of ail vices ; it is one that pervades , more . or less , every class of the community ; and it is fancied to be so necessary to the carrying on of human affairs , that the practice is tacitly agreed on . In the monarch it is " kingcraft , " in the statesman " expediency , " in the churchman " mental reservation , " in the lawyer " the interest of his client , "in the merchant and shopkeeper , " secrets of trade . " —Men , Women , and Books .

      GOLDEN RULES FOR BRIDES . Resolve every morning to be cheerful that day ; and should anything occur to break your resolution , suffer it not to put you out of temper with your husband . Dispute not with him , be the occasion what it may ; but much rather deny yourself Iho satisfaction of having your own will , or gaining the better of an argument , than risk a quarrel or create a heart-burning , which it is impossible to see the end of . Implicit submission in a man to his wife is ever disgraceful to both ; but implicit submission in a wife to the just will of her husband is what she promised at the altar—what tbe good will revere her for ; and what is , in fact , the greatest honour she can receive .

      Be assured , a woman ' s power , as well as her happiness , hns no other foundation than her husband ' s esteem and love , which it is her interest , by all possible means , to preserve and increase—share and soothe his cares , and , with the utmost assiduity , conceal his errors . Laws of Hospitality . —A Bedawee , having cbtained entrance surreptitiously into the house of a merchant , an inhabitant of Mecca , made up a convenient psreel of goods to decamp with , and was on the point of leaving the premises , _ when he happened , in the dark , to strike his foot against something hard on the floor . Thinking it might be an article of value , he picked it up and put it to his toneue , when , to his equal mortification and disappointment , he found it to be a lump of rock salt . Having thus tasted the salt of the owner , his avarice gave way to his respect for the laws of hospitality ; and throwing down his booty , he withdrew empty-handed .

      RULE OF SUCCESS . Be firm : one constant element in luck Is genuine , solid , old Teutonic pluck . See yon tall shaft—it felt the earthquake ' s thrill , Clung to its base , and greets the sunrise still . Stick to your aim ; the mongrel's hold will slip , But only crowbars loose the bull-Hog's grip ; Small as he looks , the jaw that never yields Drags down the bellowing monarch of the fields . Supply op Wateb . —The Board of Health has published a report on the proposed water-supply to tlie Metropolis . It contains a table of forty springs which

      yield at their source nearly forty millions of gallons per day , of a quality at and under one degree of hardness , equivalent to the supply of more than half a million of houses , at the rate of seventy-five gallons for each house per day ; and guarantees at least ten more millions of gallons per day at and under two degrees of hardness . To the report is affixed a plan of tile drains , which shall catch the waters as they issue from the earth , and led them to a , main trunk that shall flow into a covered reservoir on Wimbledon Common , large enough to contain two _ days' supply against any emergency , and throwing its waste iuto the Thames .

      AUSTRIA , PRUSSIA , AND BAVAHIA . The entire population of Austria is 88 , 000 , 000—of which there are 6 , V 00 , 000 Germans , 16 , 600 , 000 Slavonians , 6 , 700 , 000 Italians , and 5 , 900 , 000 Magyars . The military force of the empire consists of a standing army , and of an army of reserve called the Landwehr . The permanent force , in time of peace , is 414 , 000 men ; and during war , 639 , 059 . The public revenue is £ 15 , 000 , 800 . The public debt is £ 103 , 500 , 000 ; but the army and the internal administration are the principal sources of expense .

      The population of Prussia , including the various provinces , is 16 , 331 , 187 . The standing army is 137 , 000 men ; but the men capable' of bearing arms , and liable to be called upon , amount to 837 , 000 . The budget of lSd 9-50 . mention an army of 217 . 200 men , of which 96 , 100 are soldiers of the Landwher . Military service for three years is imperative on all the male population , who subsequently form the Landwher . The Lartdstrnm comprises all others capable of bearing arms between the flges of 17 and 50 . The public revenue , in ] 849 , was £ 14 , 000 , 000 . The population of Bavaria is 4 , 504 , 874 . The permanent army , in time of peace , amounts to 58 , 239 men , besides four companies of veterans . There is also , in addition , an army of reserve , and the militias , or Landwehr , in which , every Vnale , without exception , is liable to serve . The regular army is raised by conscription .

      The Roman Catholic Church . —From a return made in tho year 1767 , it appears that the number of Roman Catholics iu England and Wales was 67 , 910 . The number in England and Wales at the present time exceeds 1 , 000 , 000 . During a debate in the House of Commons on the 15 th of March , 1779 , it was stated by Mr . Dempster that the Catholics in Ireland might amount to 12 , 000 or 13 , 000 . ' 1 he number of Catholics now in Scotland is about 200 , 000 . The enormous immigration of Irish is the key to the far greater part of this increase . In the neighbourhood of Glasgow , for instance , there are not much less than 100 , 000 Irish ; and the influx of Irish into Liverpool , Manchester , Birmingham , Leeds ,

      Sheffield , Nottingham , and London , which are the chief seats of the increase noticed above , will account for it almost entirely . The actual conversions , which are comparatively few , are almost entirely among the wealthy and the scholastic , and consist of persons already prepared by the labours of the Puseys and the Philpottses . The Catholic Register , ) mt published , states that in the United States of America there are 3 archbishops , 24 bishops , 1 . 109 priests , 1 , 073 churches , and a Roman Catholic population ot 1 , 473 , 350 , most of whom , too , are also Irish . The pme-fcguter giVes ;> detailed list of'distinguished converts to the Catholic Church' iaGermahyfornongst whomare two princes , one princess , three duke 3 , and three counts . . .- . , ¦ .

      Untitled Article

      December % 1850 . THE ffORTHEftN STAR , ¦ ¦ ..----.... ¦ . ' " ¦ ' » . m ——¦— .

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      ¦¦ ¦ ^ fr The Medical Recorder ; being a Digest oj Practical Medicine and . Surgery . Yml Half-yearly Part . Edited by W . Ealeigh Baxter , L . L . D . London : Palmer and Clayton . This work is intended to supply a deficiency in medical literature which has long been felt ; for , although there are many publications which give recent discoveries in chemistry , and improved modes of treating disease , yet they are so scattered about in different publications , as to be scarcely available to the busy general practitiouer . The" Medical Recorder '' bringB into one volume , in as short a space as possible , everything of importance which has

      occurred within the half-year . The subjects are arranged al p habetically , and are thus easily referred to ; and they are concisely treated , which is a great advantage . There has evidently been great labour in preparing the part before us , and * e think the result is a highly successful one , and that it supplies most satisfactorily the deficiency to which we have alluded . We think"the medical profession will find it a most useful book of reference , and as such we recommend it .

      We give the , following extract , as it may amuse our readers , and is , at the same time , suggestive to those who don't wish to die of over-fat : — Fat , Generation of . —We borrow the following : from Dr . T . K . Chamber ' s " Gulstonian Lectures , " reported in the Lancet for May . The ortolan anecdote has been told before , we believe , in a work addressed to those whose " talk is of bullocks , " and who excel in spoiling meat for the large markets , by over-feeding . We give the extract , however , not merely because it is amusinff , but that its physiological reading is suggestive of hints for the prevention of unhealtblv and unseemly obesity ;— " Perhaps the

      greatest refinement in fattening is exhibited in the manner of feeding ortolans . The ortolan is a small bird , esteemed a great delicacy by the Italians . It is the fat of this bird which is so delicious ; but it has a peculiar habit of feeding which is opposed to its rapid fattening—that is , that it feeds only at the rising of the sun . Yet this peculiarity has not proved an insurmountable obstacle to the Italian gourmands . The ortolans are placed iu a warm chamber , perfectly dark , with only one aperture in the wall . Their food is scattered over the floor of the chamber . At a certain hour in the morning the keeper of the birds places a lantern in the orifice of the wall ; the dim Sight thrown by the lantern on the floor , induces the

      ortolans to believe that the sun is about to rise , and they greedily consume the food upon the floor . More food is now scattered over it , and the lantern is withdrawn . The ortolans , rather surprised at the shortness of the day , think it ( heir duty to fall asleep , as night has spread his sable mantle around them . During sleep , little of the food being expended in the production of force , most of it goes to the formation of muscle and fat . After they have been allowed to repose for one or two hours , in order to complete the digestion of the food taken , their keeper again exhibits the lantern through the aperture . The rising sun again illuminates the apartment , and the birds , awaking from their slumber , apply themselves " voraciously to the food upon the floor ; after having discussed which , they are again enveloped in darkness . Thus the sun is made to shed its rising rays into the chamber four or five times every day , and as many

      nights follow its transitory beams The ortolans thus treated become like little balls of fat in a few days . Here several applications of tbe same principle occur at once : absence of waste from motion , in the extra sleep which the birds get ; absence of the usual chemical changes , from the influence of light ; an unusual supply of food , from their being deluded into taking four meals a day instead of one ; and great facilities for digesting that food , by being removed from the view of those external objects which naturally arouse the anxieties , and so hamper the digestion of waking mortals . A cruel advantage is taken by the natives in India of their knowledge of the above fact . The wild hog will not fatten in confinement , because he is constantly looking about for some way of escape , and is harrassed by the prospect of his prison walls . They therefore eew up . the eyelids of the animal , and then he rapidly becomes fit for the table . "

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 7, 1850, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1603/page/3/