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Northern Star (1837-1852), 19th October 1850, Edition 1 of 3, Page unpag, Untitled Article

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    • T.HE-CHA31TEB, THE;WHOLE CHAE ' ^ TEJL'JJXD NOTHING BUT " THE CHARTJEE.
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      " United , you stand . Divided , you fall . " '

      TO THE CHARTISTS . My Fmesds , — Although , as I hare frequently stated , ineverhaTe . aiidli . e ^ r sh ^ < kr any opposition to W . «« S * 2 rfS Sy otter movement to extinguish or even weaken our principles . . On Monday last I attended a meeting at the the Parliamen

      London Tavern ; convened by - tary Reform Association ; and I did so not for the purpose of removing their stepping-stone , but for the purpose of convincing theto that I , at all events , would not adopt any measure sliort of the-six-points .- They have not adop ted either of the two great points to which I attach the greatest importance , and without which I would not give you a straw for their Drinci plcs . * mean , AJftsTJAL

      PARLIASlENTS and PAYMENT OF MEMBERS . T hey contend for Triennial Parliaments ; hut Lear hi mind , that you have had Triennial Parliaments since the ~ passing of the Reform 33 ill- Tou had a general election in 1832 , in 1831 , in 1837 , in 1841 , and in 1847 . From 1832 to 1847 includes fifteen years ; and you ] iave had five elections within that period ; and what benefit have you derived from them ? Jfot a particle . Aid then , with regard to Payment of Members , where would he the use of doing away ,-with Property Qualification , if an enlightened and industrious maa , worthy the confidence of the p , e 6 ple , was incapable of sitting in the House of Commons , because he

      mmmmmm tal hiborn ^ which ; : would be more valuable to his order and to Eociety . at large ? I found , at the several meetings of this association which I previously attended , that the object of the 'Managing Committee , was to exting uish Chartism altogether ; and I also found that this paid committee , like other paid committees , acted upon the old maxim , that "Self-interest is the basis of human action . " I have fevery confidence in the members of Parliament who attended that meeting , namely—Joseph Hume , Sir JoshuaIYal&siet , George Thompson , Mr . Fox , Lord Dudley Stuart , and Col . Thompson : while ,

      at the same time , however great the experience of many of them may be , they have not associated with tbe working classes as I have ; and , however long their experience may be , they do not understand their feelings and their principles as well as I do . Mr . Huhe is certainly a veteran politician ; while , at the same time , his mind has been principally directed to mere Parliamentary mechanism .- He always Las contended , that it is the rig ht of the middle class to deal as . they think proper with the working class ; while I have always stated , that the middle class have no right , and ought to have no power , to compel the working classes to pay taxes for the power of suppressing their mind by tyranny and hrnte force .

      1 have gained no little experience as to the intellect of the working classeB , from the very slight progress that the Parliamentary Reform . Association has made ; and the people might have looted upon me as a trafiicking politician if 1 had opposed then- principles before they were thoroughl y developed . I do not even oppose them now ; but I would not allow them to convince the government , and the country , that the people had abandoned Chartism , and adopted the New Parliamentary JReform system . The Press never reporte our proceedings , while there were thirteen or fourteen

      reporters at the meeting on Monday last . As a matter of course , in the centre of this wealthy metropolis , a number of money speculators attended at that meeting ; and , _ as a matter of course , they reprobated and hissed my repudiation of their juggling system ; while it is my pride and my boast to Eay , that an overwhelming majority cheered and supported my principle ? . Tbe meeting was announced for twelve o ' clock , a time when the working classes had not an opportunity of

      attending ; while , nevertheless , to their credit , numbers of them were present , althoughwhat I consider to beurifair , unjust , and partial—it was a ticket meeting . Many of the speakers landed the Freehold Land System , but not one of them adverted to my Land System , the only system—if you had the Charter —by which your order could he made happy and * independent , and ^ fae system which every political economist as now beginning to aivneate .

      My friends , I wish to prepare you for the corning struggle . The Morning Chronicle of ibis week has published several able and irrefutable statements from its Paris correspondent . He truly defines the state of Paris , the object of the " Special-Constable ' President , tbe caprice of parties , and the growing mind of ihepeoijle . He tells you—and trnly—that when the National Assembly meets—which -b ill be ia a short time—that the different parties straggling for different principles will create unheard of dissatisfaction : and it is

      because the state of France will have a greater efibct upon the English government than Chartism , Financial Reformism , and all other " isms , " that I-wish to prepare you for the coming struggle . HZo matter how a few may endeavour to disunite the Chartist wind of England , rest assured that when that struggle comes , neither folly nor trickery can disunite tlie mind of this country . The Times does not give ns so fair a definition of the present state of France as the Chronicle does ; and why ? Because the Times is the tool of the -government , and to France the government looks as tbe means of upholding tyranny in this country .

      It has often been predicted that each coining Session of Parliament would he the Most confused , and that parties would be in the greatest antagonism . I have frequently thought so myself , not being able to see the possibility of a Government upholding its position by the diffusion of patronage and conversion of some of its opponents ; now , however , that the landlords are in a doleful state , when all other countries are beginning to compete with English manufactures , and when tbe great wealth of this country is centralised in the hands , of the few who' have

      manufactured it . by machinery ; in consequence , I say , of the present state of Em-ope , the present condition of the landlords , and ¦ vrhat is likely to be the condition of the Capitalists , 1 am of opinion , that the next Session of Parliament will astonish the Government , the people , the country , and the world . And , it it is for that coming" struggle that I wish to prepare the mind of those out of whose industry power , capital , tyranny and poverty are manufactured .

      I have frequently told you that the mail who has jumped out of his clogs into Spanish leather boots , and out of his dung cart into a carriage , weeps and wails and gnashes his teeth , if one year ho loses ten thousand pounds out of half a million that he has manufactured out of the dependence and servility of the working classes . He never reflects upon the worse stale he was in ; he always thinks of the better state he ia in "

      The Irish landlords are now beginning to squeak ; and of so much importance does the Times consider their influence over the minds of the Irish people ,, that that paper ' s columns are daily filled with the strongest censure of their conduct . The state of Ireland , however , tviU have a greater effect upon the English Government , if the landlords and peasants Poll together , than even the state of France . 1 have no great confidence in many of the Irish members of Parliament , but 1 have con-

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      e power that the Irish people can exercise over the English Government ; arid I have confidence in that nhion ' and co-operation which will very speedily be cemented between the English and the Irish people . Let me now g ive you the strongest instance of the roily of our system , and of the injustice of our rulers . There is now in the . Exchequer a surplus of over four millions of money -an amount extracted from the industrious' labourer , and yet not a fraction of that will go to the support of the poor , or to the reduction of poor rates . : Working menT— .

      - " words are but . wind , . ,, » . Actions speak the mind . ' ' And I think if you required a true definition of this maxim , you will find it in the fact , that while you laud , you praise and eulogise the brave Polish and Hungarian refugees , you are allowing them to . starve in this country ; while a mite from each would not only support them in comfort , h " ut . wonld ; : convince " your own rulers , and those of-the countries from which

      they ^ vere exile d for then * patriotism , that the ^^^^^^ E 5 # fi ^^^ o ^ a ^ lext at Cowper-streetJ for the purpose of aiding and assisting those brave and expatriated exiles , who lost their liberty at home by contending for the liberty of their country , and who have now a just claim upon the English people , who should have received them harmoniously . 1 trust the meeting will be a bumper ; and , in conclusion , I beg to subscribe myself as Tour faithful Friend and Advocate , Feaegus O'Conxok .

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      NATIONAL REFORM ASSOCIATION .

      A public meeting , called by the members of this associatiOD , was held on Monday , in the large room of the London Tavern ; Sir Joshua Walmsley , M . P ., president of the association , in the chair . The meeting was advertised to be held precisely at twelve o ' clock , but it was not till half-past twelve that the chairman and his friends made their appearance on tbe platform , and at that hour the room was not more than two-thirds full . Those that did attend manifested considerable impatience at tbe delay , -which was , however , changed into vociferous cheering when Mr . Feargus O ' Connor made his appearance on the platform . There were present Mr . Hume , M . P ., Mr . John Williams , M P ., Mr . Fox , M . P ., Colonel Thompson , M . P ., Lord D . Stuart , A 1 . P ., Mr . O'Connor , M . P ., " Mr . Tindal Atkinson , Mr . H . Yincent , EungoBapogee , &c .

      The CiumuAX , on taking his seat , was received with much applause . Ue said that , it had appeared to the Council of the National Association expedient to convene the present meeting in the city of London lor the following among other reasons , — they thought it would furnish a fitting opportunity for a review of the late session of Parliament , from the proceedings of which little could he gathered in the way of encouragement , although something might be learned to guide the people in their future efforts to advance their own cause . The council

      were also desirous of making known the changes which , since the general conference held in March List , had been made in their constitution , with the view of bringing it as far as possible into harmony with tbe objects and principles of the association , and of carrying out the original wish of its founders , —namely , a cordial union for a common end , of the various classes of the community , without respect to property . ( Hear , hear . ) Finally , the council having it in their comtemplation to hold a series of meetings in the provinces , considered it an appropriate prelude to hold a meeting like the present one in the metropolis . The only lesson which it seemed to him they could extract from the proceedings of the late Parliamentary session was this ,

      that if the people-would gain an extension of their political rights , they must win it through their own exertions . ( Cheers . ) Yarious measures affecting , more or less , the great question of the franchise were brought before the Houso of Commons during their late sitting . "What had been their fate ? They had all , without exception , been fruitless , save the Government measure for Ireland . ( Hear ,. hear . ) The veteran leader ( Mr . Hume ) niadebia annual motion , embodying the principles which formed the basi 3 of their present movement . The case was complete , | his arguments were unanswerable , he had truth and justice on his side , but he lost bis motion . The hon . member for East Surrey took up the cause of the occupying tenants in counties who pay

      rents ranging between £ 10 and £ 50 , but who were , nevertheless , as much disfranchised as if they were lunatics , felons , or aliens . He showed the monstrous injustico of excluding from tho exercise of political power this class of their fellow subjectsa class as respectable , as intelligent , and as eligible in all respects for the discharge of every civil duty and political right as any body of persons in the kingdom . Bat , though Air . Locke King had reason and fact to support him , he was defeated . The People's Charter was brought forward by Ihe hon . member for Nottingham , who was allowed to occupy the attention of the Houso for seventeen minutes , when the claims of millions of the working classes were summarily disposed of by the Parliamentary

      process of what was technically called a " count out . " The hon . member for the Tower Hamlets ( Sir W . Clay ) introduced , for tho second or third time , a bill to relieve what were called compound householders from some of the vexatious impedimenta thrown in the way of their getting upon the register ; but the Government managed , by , the arrangement of the vote papers , to prevent its proceeding beyond the second reading , and with a host of other bills in various stages it had gone into winter quarters . Let them not , however , suppose that the House of Commons came together and deliberated and voted and did nothing . Much was done by that hon . House , though there might be a difference of opinion respecting the value and

      patriotism of its measures . It voted £ 12 , 000 a-year to the son of the late Duke of Cambridge—( " Oh , oh ! " and hisses)—in addition to his private fortune and his pay and allowances as an officer of high rank in the British army . It voted money for the building of stables at Malborough-house , because it might be some day tbe residence of a Prince now nine years of age . ( Renewed hisses . ) It voted £ 14 , 700 to complete the house of the ambassador at Constantinople , in addition to £ 12 , 000 voted in 1849 , £ 12 , 000 in 1848 , £ 12 , 000 in 1846 , £ 13 , 000 in 18 i 5 , £ 10 , 000 in 1844 , and £ 10 , 000 in 1843 , making in all £ 83 , 700 for the mere residence

      of the English ambassador at the Court of the Sultan , and adding £ 14 , 000 a-year salary , and other expenses for the same period ( eight years , ) or £ 112 , 000 , they obtained a grand total of £ 195 , 700 as the cost of the English embassy at the Sublime Porte . From these small items they would gather that the people's representatives in Parliament had not been inattentive to that which was their duty , namely , to watch over the expenditure of the peoples money . He had alluded to a change which had been made in their constitution . The council for that association formerly consisted of those who were subscribers to their funds to the amount of £ 10 and

      upwards The conference recommended a revision of this part of tbe constitution , and tbe council , readily yielding to that recommendation , proceeded to abolish the £ 10 money qualification . lie could not omit to notice , as a gratifying proof of tho pro-« ress of their principles , the recent election for the borough of Lambeth , which resulted in the choice bv the independent and Radical electors of that constituency , of a gentleman long distinguished for his unswerving integrity in the House of Commons , and who e e re-election to a seat in Parliament was an important gain to their small band . They were asking for nothing but that which the constitution had solemnly guaranteed to the people of England . They demanded just and equal representation ; and , mi loner ns that was denied , though they were in

      theory , living under a government of Queen , Lords , and Commons , they were , ia fact and in reality , under the government of an oligarchy . Did the constitution say that the people should elect tne House of Commons ? So one would deny that the constitution said that the people should do so . Did the people in reality elect the House of Commons ? Who that knew anything of their system would say they did ? Had every man a vote ? No , only one in seven . Was every man who had a vote a free agent ? Again he believed ho might with truth say no , not one in seven . Did those who were free control the elections ? No , the scale was invariably turned by tho timid , the slavish , and the corrupt . t ? ^ v of aN the constituencies in the Kingdom the balance of power was in the hands of U > oso . s ! iu -grcvo influenced by impure and improper

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      motives . Where , then , was the freedom and puril of election over which the consti { ution . watched , vil such jealous eyes , and for the preservation pf . w ^ K so many provisions had been made ? ' If hotninatio ' j bribery , corruption , and intimidation . wer ^' . rife ' ii the boroughs , what should they say of t ' He counties Were they , or were , they not , in a statoqf abje < subjection to a landed oligarchy ? lie-would-no except the very ^ largest of them , for the fact , ha longbeeri notorious that the great division of Tor shire , for which Mr . Cobden then sat , . was ion ! wrested from the ' dominion of Landlordism by . \' tli purchase of freeholds in the county by the inen' < Leeds , Bradford ;' arid of Manchester . ? Tho samg'ws equally true of the next largest cdnstitueribj % th southern . division of Lancashire . Ii ? order to reified . .

      these evils they advocated the extension of the franchise to all adult male . occupiers of nbon&fide dwel ^ ling , whether it were the whole or a part of a bouse ' . To insure the country against imposition " theysaid ; let the . occupier be : registered for twelve . ' months on the parish books ; they said , let tbik vcjter have the security of the ballot . Let th ' e sacijed trust he was called on to discharge be' ' pnfc tected from outrage by the secrecy of the yotje . Let , him . have an opportunity Of Voting independently by having the opportunity- * of-i votipgl in sueh ' a way . ttiat the fact of thepersoniiorwhonielKe voted ' shoyld bo known only tojiin $ eJfcE ;> Wds ,-iheiJ third proposition a 8 tartlingjOne . t : " Mpre-iriSim ParU am ^ 'fe ^ 'iuvasidmS ^^ &n 8 fito ^ ffi ?* Why a « B «( i »«^ BiBi « l had

      been most denounced in this country ; was' that committed by the Parliament which passed the Septennial Act ; Had they proposed annual Parliaments , they would havebeeu going back to the system which prevailed for ages and centuries . They thought , however , that a . three years' reckoning , under the other arrangements they advocated , with the influence of the general public opinion in the meantime , as well as the vigilant oversight of a large constituency , might be frequent enought to keep representatives tolerably honest . One of the' most important alterations they proposed was that of the equalisation of the numbers of the constituencies . At present the contrast between the larger and the smaller constituencies was ridiculous and monstrous . Their gross number of electors was

      1 , 000 , 000 , but a clear majority of the Ilouse of Commons was returned by 141 , 000 , or one-seventh of the whole number . Was it not preposterous that while the twelve largest county constituencies in the kingdom , numbering 163 , 000 voters , sent only twenty-four men to the Ilouse of Commons , 227 other constituencies , nuHiberingonly 141 , 000 . should send 339 ? Was it not equally preposterous that Thetford , with 210 voters , should send two members , while the West Hiding , with 36 , 750 , and the Tower Hamlets , with 21 , 000 , should send only two each ? They proposed tken to equalise the numbers , not with absolute arithmetical precision , which would be impracticable , but as far as known and well-defined boundaries would allow of it , and

      thus -to make every member amenable to a large and independent electoral body , a body that , on account of its numbers , should be equally beyond the ' reach , of corruption and of dictation . Such were the objects they sought , and such tho changes " through which they sought them . They again appealed for assistance to their metropolitan friends ' in aid of the great cause ; they had hitherto , been faithful stewards , and bad adhered inflexibly , to the principles on which they first Bought assistance . In conclusion let him exhort those he had the honour to address , and all to whom his humble words might come , to renew their exertions in the cause of Parliamentary Reform . ( Great cheering . ) Mr . Searle moved the first resolution : —

      Tliat , on a deliberate view of the proceedings of the last session of Parliament , this meeting feels called upon toespress its strong dissatisfaction with many of tbe votes cf public money , —votes altogether unwarranted by the reasons assigned for them , or by the financial condition of the country ; that , connecting these rotes with the neglect of numbers of petitions from the people for Parliamentary and other reforms at home ; the disregard of general and just complaints from our fellow subjects in the colonies abroad ; the continuance of heavy and oppressive taxation , and the maintenance of overgrown and unnecessary establishments ; this meeting is deeply impressed with the nocsssity for a radical reform in the Commons House of Parliament , for the purpose of giving to the people a constitutional control over the proceedings of that assembly , and , consequently , over the taxation and expenditure of the country . . ¦ .. . .

      He thought that the time had Srriveu * # SSS ? l ^ people should make a strong effort to tree 'tneiriselres , from the necessity of submitting in silence to the exactions of so ill-constituted an assembly as the Ilouse of Commons . Let them look at the present condition of the . national expenditure , and the uses to whichtho public money was put . What a palace had the members been building for themselves—a scene of gewgaw oligarchy , showy enough , but unfit for all its business purposes . ( Hear . ) Led them remember the venerable old Houses of Lords and Commons—venerable for tho acts which

      too £ place in them—and they ¦ would all feel that tho fire which had destroyed them had destroyed one of the country ' s grandest monuments , to make room for an erection such as they might fancy represented in the scene of a playhouse . What had been done by the preseat Ilouse towards reducing the list of admirals ?—( hear , hear)—who wore kept up to live on the shore and grow grey in peace ; without ever seoing the water ? What had been done to help the . administration of their navy , aud prevent their building iron vesssels by the score , vessels so bad that whon . i section of one was put before a battery , in s-pito of sheathing of gutta percha and wood a foot thick , it would not stand the shots fired against it . in a . friendly spirit of trial . ( Hear , hear . ) "What had been done to remove these and other abominations ? and what

      had been done to elevate the ; condition of the people ? . Nothing . . Tho people had a perfect right , as inalienable as that of an individual , to regulate its own expenditure , and that could only he done by extending the franchise . ¦ Thespeaker here glanced at the acts of the'last session of . Parlianieut .. He exhorted them to persevere in their present efforts , and , though their opponents ^ might affect to disregard them , they would ultimately be successful . ( Cheers . ) Mr . Searle then adverted , at . considerable length ,, to .-the present condition of the Continent , and particularly to recent political events affecting . Eussia , Germany , and Austria , lie said , that the English people ought to take an interest in the success of those who struggled for liberty , aa their success in the cause would be something more than an augury of the welfare of their own .

      Mr . W . J . Fox , who was received with great cheering , said that lie should not follow theanalysjs of the last session ; he had several reasons for not doing so . He was not a reformer on account of what passed last year ; he had been so for half a century . He was a reformer when it was a stigma and opprobrium to be . , and . when such a meeting as thai ; at which they were assembled would have been put down by tub strong . arm of the law , and any individual would have taken part at - his .-own peril in that which they now did in skfety , with abundant co-operation and well-merited ; honour . He was a reformer when Lord J . Russell , said , in the House of Commons , that there were a million of men in this country , worthy of possessing the franchise , and that they ought to have it . ( Gear ,

      hear . ) They had had the Reform Bill since , and where was the additional million ? If , in 1825 , a million of men were fit . to have the . franchise , and were not possessed of it , what must be the case .. at the present time , when , during the long interval , knowledge had made such gigantic advances ? One great qualification required to fit the people for the free exercise of the franchise was education . lie ( Mr . Fox ) had been voting in minorities on this question—especially on the bill which lie attempted to introduce . ( Great cheering . ) The fate of that measure . proclaimed two or three instructive lessons . It elicited throughout tho working classes of this country a strong dispositiou to have that knowledge , if their superiors would allow them to have it . ( Hear , hear . ) The majority against him

      on that question was ' greater than usual , because it was a combination of all the priest-ridden factions . Those who so long held Europe in darkness , and were now bringing new titles into this island—such as Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster , sent their members to oppose it . The Puseyites sent their member to oppose it . Tho old hierarchy sent : the government to oppose it . Leading members of sects sent members on the same errand , and thus swelled the majority ; but it was his determination to proceed again , though not in precisely the same form as to details . On the former occasion it was urged that he left too largo a power in the hands of the

      Committee of Council . They should not make that complaint again ., Ho believed that there was a necessity on the part of the people for educatior ., uncontrolled by priests or by government . <{ Great cheering . ) That education should be paid for by self-imposed local taxation , directed by vo ) ' untarily chosen local management ,, free to all clar iSCs , and endeavouring to embrace all classes —( he ? # ¦ hear)—whilst it should be too good for the poorr Jgt \\ . should be good enough for tbe wealthiest . . (' flear , bear . ) In pledging themselves to parliamentary reform , they did not pledge themselves to r v ^ ut or brief vrork . They had to contend agaip at J ie&t difflcul-

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      jiies . They ^ h ' ad the viajne ' riice of timid people tc resist—people whoyoro alway s / calling to them to let well alone—who said that in stormy times such efforts endangered thd ' state-ia calm times that quiet ought not to be distorted—in times of adver-S fi , i ey ou ght to . attend to the physical wants oi the people ^ and jn tinies of prosperity that th ey . wore not inquired ; A Whig deficiency ' showed' an UD , y ° , u ^ bfe ; time ,, and a Whig surplus-that rare event- ( Iaughter ) -showed ,, that no reform was needed ,. It ; would ' be . easy .. to reverse all this reasoning . andtnrnit upon its authors , were it worth while to do so . ' Thoy '¦ ' had to " contend' against corruption- m boroughs , where votes were gained over byylgm | ! and , ' lastly , 'they had ¦ their ^ heaviest jdrajrbaokjn their . want of union aniong'themselves . H ? A , w thatj manyfrienda . differed among

      themfl $ 5 " asw the , reform , which should ultimately be sought ; but let them unite in the first instance to gefcany reform " at all . To . discuss final ,. measures ' at present-wa s to divide th o ' spoil before the battle was won , and while yet their moat strenuous efforts weroii l ^ equired ^ q bring about : what they desired . Leathern : unite ¦ amongst ' themselves in the first instano . ei ; rememberih g that the cause had been trahsmitted-. tQ them , " and . tiiat they , might have to transmi ^ it to -another , generation ^ to . complete , leaving theii 6 wn . examplea , jvs-v an , encouragement . : They would , ' then find that ; sooner or ^ later , the words' of iHe ? poeii ^ 6 ulc |; bg ^ ffl ^^ P . ;* l- ' iJ '' r $ £ '' i ;; ,. v ,. j . " ' ^ Becfueathedfromdyin ' gsii ' e * Woonj : ' ? . Is baffled oft , but always won . " ,. ' : - ( Great cheering . )! ' ' , : ; Mr . Hume , M . P ; , Lord . Dudley Stuart , and Col . Thompson ; M . P ., successively addressed the meeting in support of the objects of the association . ;

      Mr . O'CONNOR ^ on-rising , was received with loud and long ; continued /' applause ! ; He said , that he was not ' a trafficking politician , and therefore he -vv-aa neither ; " afraid nor ashamed to attend subH' a meeting as the present , although he did not acquiesce in the principles , adopted by that Association ; . ( Cheers . ) Nevertheless , as : he stated ' , in , the outset , he would nov ? repeat it , such gatherings gave the higher and the middle classes an opportunit y of judging of the intellect , the knowledge , and intelligence of the working classes ; while they enabled , the working classes to judge of the folly and cupidity of the higher arid middle

      classes . ( Cheers'and hisses . ) Although he would not oppose the Fiaancial Reformers , yet , nevertheless , however near they niay profess to come to the Chartist principles , lie would never abandon Annual Parliaments , Universal Suffrage , Vote " by Ballot , - 'Equal Electoral Districts , No Property Qualification ,, aud Payment of Meinbers ., ( Loud and long continued cheering . ) Thank God , they were . all beginning to open their eyes now upon the Land Question . ( Cheers . ) The Chairman , : in his opening speech , had told them that one foreign ambassador , in the course of a very few years , had coat the country £ 200 , 000 , an amount which " would purchase 8 , 000 acres of land , which , allowing four acres to a family , would support

      two thousand families , that is , at five to a family , it would support ten thousand people . ( Loud cheers . ) But that was riot all . Mr . Searle , in a very able and powerful speech , described what the House of Commons was . He told them , that notwithstanding the amount it cost the country ' , no voice could be heard in it . He ( Mr . O'Connor ) considered that a great blessing , as he thought it would be better for the people if the rubbish spoken there was never heard . ( Great cheering and laughter . ) But let him give them a valuable bit of information , with reference to the amount that that " show box " cost them ^ the people : it would purchase a hundred thousand acres of good Land , which , at four acres to a knilv , > attdj ^ lft&ira'fittf ^^^^

      I ^ PFtGfl < HrHUNDllEDANb TWENTYFIVE THOUSAND PEOPLE , without paying any rent . ( Loud cheers , ) He had lietened with great pleasure to the speech of Mr . Fox , upon the question of . education ; while , he would ask him , and the meeting ; how it was possible for a child eight years of age , working six hours a day in heated and unhealthy atmospheres , to devote any time to education ? ( Hear , hear . ) How was it possible for a child thirteen years old ^ working ten hours and a half per day , to receive auy education ? And he would tell them , and the Financial Reformers , that it was upon this

      ignorance , uphold by the tyranny of the speculator , that they preserved and upheld their power , and made their fortunes . ( Hisses and loud cheering . ) What did he care for tho hisses of the geese ? He was there to speak the truth , and in spite of any antagonism he would do so . Mr . Hume had told them , that many of tho working classes , who had acquired votes , voted for the moat corrupt members ; : and was it not --a / true' definition of his ( Mi-J O'Connor ' s ) maxim , that their oppressors | based their power upon the people's . disunion ? ' ( Cheers . ) He had frequently defined the construction ' of the House of Commons to the working classes . However , as what he had told their order may be a novelty to the

      middle classes , he would now define it for , them . There were admirals , captains , lieutenants in the navy , supporting the party from whom they expected promotion . There were generals ,, colonels , majors , captains , and lieutenants in the army , acting upon a similar principle . ; There were bankers , merchants , manufacturers , trader ' s ! landlords ; traffickers , and all description of classes , ¦ whose vote was based on the power of the Government in office ^ or the party expecting office . Not . one of those cksses had the slightest consideration for the people , norhad the people any , the slightest ^ power over any of those persons . ( Tremendous cheering . ) Ho had ' devoted thirty years of his life 'in .. the endeavour to establish

      that union , and no matter what antagonism he had to contend against , he was resolved to adhere to his principles .: ( Great cheering . ) He would implore of them not to pay any attention to Financial Reform rubbish . The blessing that a reduction of ten millions a year in taxation would confer upon them was received by many foolish men with great applause ; but let him explain the benefit that their order would derive from ' such a reduction . Estimating the population of the United Kingdom at thirty millions , it ! ' would be . six shillings and eight pence a head , a farthing a . ' day , three , halfpence a week , a pint of beer a fortnight , a' quart of beer a month , three gallon ' s of , beer a . year . ' ( Tremendous

      cheering , and loud laughter . ) But as th&knd had been referred to , he would again draw their attention to that subject , and explain to those who ,, perhaps ,, had never hoar . d it . beforei what he had often stated to tho , working classes ; England had a population of 300 to a square mile , Ireland . 2 fl 6 ; Scotland 100 , while they were importing food fi'pm all parts of the world with * idle' land , idle litl&upj , »» d idle money at ho mej' paying eight inillishs : to support ! unwilling idlep ; while in Jersey and ' Guernsey , with a population of nearly 1 , 200 ftoi a . square mil * , four times the amount of England ^ ' population , nearly ; n \ -e times-, the amount » f Ireland ' s , and twelve , tisaos . the amount of Scotland ^ , they were exr porting food , aad had ndt a pauper ia . the country ; Lbud « heers ;\ , "Weli , but , why , was this ? It was

      because the manufacturer and the . trader were enabledtolivoupon their sweaty their marrow , and thea ? blood , by their disunion . ( Tremendous cheers and continued hisses ,- which lasted for" a considerable time . ) Aye ( continued Mr . O Connor ) j the gi-eeso may hiss , but lob him remind the working classes that , the man . who : employed a thousand hands , and made only a shilling » day profit upon each ( while he niade much more ) , would realise £ 50 a day , oi- £ 300 a week profit . ( Loud cheers . ) But ho would give tho Financial Reformers a stronger illustration of theiata'te ; of this country they paid to archbishops ,-, bishops , ( and parsons , aljout ten million three hundred thousand a year ; they paid eight millions to support unwilling idlers in bastiles ; and they paid eight millions to support a useless army : for these three charges , as Much as

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      would pay the . mterest of the National Debt ; whi £ he ^ whole governmental expenses of America waa rii more than eight ' milliona : a year—the , amount thi they paid to suppo ' rtpaupers . "He was glad to 1 amongst'theiii now , inrorder to prepare the mir for the' coming ^ struggle " . '' All Europe was in state of convulsion ; and to-prove to them that tl English system was : based upon the power an union of capitalists ; let him . remind them , that people , in other countries—in France , in Gorman ; in Prussia , ' in Italy ,-in Poland ,, or in flungarystruggled ; for ' their rights , noble lords , . officers , i allclassesi , bankers , ' and merchants , would joi witlTtb ' e' people to ' establish' their rights ; ' while ; i this country ; the poorest shopkeeper , whose wealt

      and power were based upon the poverty of the people ana the tyranny -of the law , would oppose '" . O-Peophj . ( Loud . cheers and hisses : ) Mr .- O Connor , turned round to a gentleman ! upon the platform , and pointing , at him , said , " There is the goose pi- the gander ihafc is hissing . " . ( Loud cheers and laughter , ) Were they yefc aware of thestate of society m this' country ? If a foreigner was' here ' walking through a splendid square or a mawnifiberit street , and asked hisfriend whose home that' was ? His : Grace the / Archbishop of So-and-sdj Whose ia tbaj ; . ? , The , . ^ jiehpp oh Sp-and . SoJ Whose * is' tliat ? My , Lord . W ] gqpmp . opp ; s . 7 Whoseis-ithat ? Colonel Redvag si ^ hwfcJs ^ t . ?^ 4 Ir . i iGhe aysi- i the ] : m ^ immm ^ m ^ m

      broker , Whose is that ? ' Mi . Slyboots ' , a hamster . ; Wh ' ose is that ? Mr / 'Smndler ' s , a solicitor ; Whoso i 3 th : it ? Div Physic ' s . Who 3 o is that ? Mr . Puke ' s , a druggist . Whose is that ? 'Mr . Hypocrite ' s , the parson of the parish . ( Trethondous cneera , laughter , and hisses . . TJie : ;] augJjXer and cheering lasted lor a considerable time . ) Well ( said Mr . O'Connor ) , ho woald now dcvelopo to the Financial Reformera what his bloodthirsty , notions were , and he'would describe it as he haa frequently described ii to their order . Moral power is the deliberative quality in each man ' s mind , which teaches him how to reason , how to endure , and when forbearance becoines . a crime ; and should that fail to secure for man all the rights to which he is iustlv

      entitled , and should physical force be required—which God forbid—it would come to their aid . like an electric shock , ; but the man who marshalled it destroyed it , " arid the man who , recommended it , was a traitor or' alknave , and' would be ' the' first : to desert it . ' ( Loud cheers ;) As other speakers were to follow him ; ho would conclude by again assuring them that they had nothing to expect except from the union of their own order ; and whatever antagonism and persecution he miifht be subjected to , and however great their own disunion mi ' eht be , lie would hold fast to the principles of the PEOPLE'S CHARTER , and No Surrender ! . Mv . O'Connor resumed his seat ' amid loud cheers and waving of hats ' .

      : The Chairman declared'that the association had never asked any man to abandon bis principles ; but they believed they . had taken the course which , upon the whole , would foonest accomplish reiorm . He condemned the language vrhich bud been used —( hisses)—ho dissented from many of the sentiments which hail been uttered —( repeated hisses)—but he called upon the working men to take the middle classes at their word ^ - ( " humbug" )—to go with them as far as they would go , and then go further , if they thought necessary ; ; The resolution was then put and carried with only one dissentient voice . Mr . Nicholay moved the second

      resolution—That this meeting desires to express its gratification fit the recent changes in the mode of election to the general council ; also the pleasure irith which it hns heard of' tlie activity and extension of the Keform Association throughout the metropolis , and would earnestly en 11 upon the members of this Association , as well as up n the friends of reform throughout the kingdom , to sustain , by prompt contributions the funds of the council , that the necessary means may be obtained for prosecuting with . vigour ani efficiency the great cnuse of the present organisation . Mr . II . Vincent supported the resolution . He said . if anything in that assembly could givo him momentary pain it . was . the-little irritation of feeling which had been exhibited . It was not to be disguised that there were gentlemen present holding

      various views-as to the extent to which , political reforms should be carried . Holding himself the most extreme political principles ^ Jjo ^ iajl yet felt it his uuty'fromT ^ of some reflection , to give his independent support to the association . ( Cheers . ) It must bo obvious to all that there was no political party'in this country which could boast that it had made no mistakG . 3 ; and while moderate mop , might fuel angry with some ' of the bid Chartist body , because they did noi understand its principles , and because they sometimes confounded the ' ' declared opinions of hired servants of the government with the sober convictions of the virtuoii 3 and intelligent Chartists of

      England —( cheers)—on tho other hand , working men were apt to refuse the liberty which they claimed for . themselves . ( Hear , hear , and cheers . ) The object of that association was to create a general public opinion in favour of progressive reform . Principles were , in his judgment , superior to councils , and there were many principles to which he clung as a portion of his creed , though they were not inculcated by that society . . But ho saw ou tho platform-men who , though in sohie respects they differed from himself , yet clung to the progressive character of the institutions of the country , and he was an advocate for such a casting down of prejudice and such a . union for action ns would combine

      in one compact phalanx those who believed that , through their exertions , despotism waa de ' sUned to perish . The tendency ; of things in England was obvious . They had . hehrdfrom the , platform most powerful-arguments for the ' extension of'the suffrage . : 'He would urge upon tbe upper classes- ho would . urgo upon the House ofPeers—nay , ho would urge , with becoming respect ,- upon her Majesty , that the question of extending- power to the people ceased that day to , be a debateablc question , and assumed an aspect ' . important alike to the ruling and the ruled ' classes / ( Loud cheers . ) Tho . power of the-aristocracy as a , distinctive corporation was dead aud gone . Ho would put it to Lord John Russell , or the distinguished leaders of the Whig or tho

      conservative-party , whether they could reckon on fifty rising young men of title to whom the business . like , shrewd , and , energetic , middle' and workingclasses woulk like to commit tho government of this country ? ,, " When death had swept off a fewillustrious names' tjiafc might ) bo , mentioned tho ancient families would be powerless' without a hearty constitutional union with the great body of the people . ( Hear , bear . ) The " tendency of the country . was democratic . ' Nor must men bo- alarmed at this fact ; for to quarrel with democracy was to quarrel with Christianity , which ^ taught that > God made ajlthe . nations of the world of one blood , and which ! was more democratic than ; the constitution of that society , or even of the People ' s Charter . He

      was pleased to hear Mr . Hume refer as hov had done to the Peel in 6 n ' ument in . Punchy' It ' showed that he was nofc , ' as some had imagined , only a man oi figures ; arid it reminded him that on one occasion that gontleman himself was represented . in' ttio oharactor of an , Ethiopian serenader , playing his banjo in Downing-sfreet , while Lord John llussell , represented as an elderly lady , with a broad-bordered nightcap , asked , , ' ! Who ' s dat knocking at the door ? " ( Great laughter . ) Ifc would ultimately be found that the music played by that veteran reformer had found an overpoweringecho in the ' heart of the nation ' . ' ( Cheers . ) Tlie recent changes in the commercial policy of the couiitry had done much to ensure ultimate success to tho cause of reform . In

      his travels , in Suffolk some of the favmershad said to him ,. "Don ' t you think we shall have protection baok I" and when he replied " " No ;" ' they rejoined , " Well ,. aiall events wemust have the ' taxes down . " ( Hear ,, hoary and laughter . ) As to the feelings of the' agricultural 'labourers they were well oxpi'oased : m hia presence th& other day' by K Yorkshire labourer , who said , " Eh ! ' this ; be a grand change S There was a timo when we used to cut-a 3 liceoff tho loaf foi ' the children and then put it away , but now we put the loaf on the table and it ' s out ' and com © ' again . " ( Laughter and cheers . ) The tendency to cut down sinecures would do much to advance th& good cause ; aiiicl he firmly , believed that tenor twenty years' ^ ience ; England would bo ono of tho most enlightened a'rid democratic , yet conservative , ' countries' in the world . " Never was

      there such a general conspiracy of intellect and oonscienoe against darkness and : despotism . The other day he visited the Ma ) or of Southampton to ask him what sort of reception ho would givo ; to Kossuto ' . ' ( Cheers . ) Tho ' reply was , that he should have such a reception as had bceri ^ iveh 'tb hom ' ari who had ever visited this country . '~ The sound of liberty was abroad ; and if they were 200 years in advance of many c ' ontinential'nation 8 , they must give those nations the benefit of their counsel aiid experience . For his own part , he had cast his fortunes with tho democracy of the . world , nor would he ever cease to exert , himself until tho people wore in full p ' ossossion ' of theirirights . ( Immense cheering- ) . " ,. ¦ ,,. .,. ¦' . ' , '¦'; :,. ' ,: : . . The Chairman ' ( referring to " Mr . Vincent ) said That is one man from the ranks of tho people . ( Hear , aud cheers . ) There are thousands as good

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      : A ti ^ El ^ - ^ . _ ^^^^^ Z ^^^ y as he : he it . ours id ' setid such to tiis Itoxlm of Commons , ( Cheers . ) .. ..-.,.. ¦ : ' . A ' working man , ' named Lwram , connected with Maudalay's ' factoryi'theri'camc forward urid ' gavo an accoiintof tbo riso ' nnd progress of a branch re « form association in Lambeth , which he ' saifl waa going on most satisfactorily under the auspices of the industrialclasses . ; : : - ' , Tho CnAiRiUN , announced ; that he had ju % t racoived ^ donation of £ 10 fro m a , gontleman at Twickenham towards tho Funds of the Association . This example , he trusted , would be followed by gifts from many others , as an association of this nature could not possiblybe carried on wi ' thoufi

      funds . Ho alao stated that ho ha d a resolution placed in his hand which it was his duty to lay before them if thoy would receive it ; its object waa to effect a change in the constitution of the ' So ' ciety He would put it . to the show ot hands whether * they would receive it or not ; a . show of hands was ; then taken , and ttie majority was . against -receiving tha resolution . The ' amendment , disposed of in thta summary manner , was handed to the Chairman by Mr . Elliott , and its purport was to recommend the calling of a Conference to'consider the propriety o £ adopting ^ manhood instead of househood suffifage » but of its object tho mooting was in happy ^ ignoranco ; -.: ¦ ¦• : ¦ ¦ ¦ , . r ; The meeting separated , after a vote © f thanks to the Chairman , having sat five hours . ¦ ; \ j There wero nearJy 800 persons in tho room .:,

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      '' - •¦ mil n il him 11 ' - i .. THE CONTESTED v . THE DISCONTENTED ALLOTTEES IT MINSTEll LOVEL , ' , TO THE EniTOR OF THE OXFOHD CniJOXICLf ! . ' "'' ' . "We , the undersigned allottees on the Minster Lovel estate , having read a letter in the Northern Star , copied from your paper of the 23 th of September , signed , J . Wilcox , J . Gathard , and-J " . Beattic , on behalf of the allottees , beg to say that weentirely dissent from them . They tell you that they were induced by Mr . O'Connor to take shares in the National Land Company ; they all . knew Sir . O'Connor was the founder of the Company when they took their shares ; they alsokhew that thousands of shareholders were content that Mr . O'Con * nor should purchase in hi 3 own name ; as trustees could not be appointed until it was legalised ; They speak of having broken up their homes , left their callings , and travelled hero at a great expense This first ; named person—J , Wilcox—is not an allottee , nor even a shareholder . He came here with

      Jackson , from Nottingham , a two acre allottee , who haa left ; he worked his land for him , but he now holds seven acres that were occupied by Gilbert , of Coventry , and Squires and Horno , from Brighton . Ho has not produced so much from them as a two acre has produced no . ir to him . He says he will hold thorn ; he has paid no rent , nor will ho pay . Popr sufferer , what claim has he upon your readers to help him into Chancery ? The next is Gatbard . ? o doubt be hns suffered for want of . a sufficiency ' of tho commonest necessaries of life , for ho has not produced near so much from-his four acres as Hia near neighbours have done from their two acre ' s , althouirn . he said he would instruct us . Wo think

      he ought not to lay tho blame to ulr . O'Connor ; he got his house , four acres of land , thirty pounds aid money , a quantity . of manure , and also a quantity of wood placed at his door , which is more than the a ^ ejjij ^ u # i ^ d ^ iih ' Oi .. was ' als' 6 'favoured ( as '' were " severaVbtliers of us that were poor ) with part of our aid money , advanced to us in London by ' tKo Directors , to enable us- to get hero . Wo consider ifc ungrateful to turn against our benefactor—Mr . O'Connor—through causes over which ho could have no control . Mr . O'Connor lias considered our inexperience , and shown us great leuit . v . liy taking tho rent in part , promising a lease when . we have paid all . We have confidence in him . Tlionexfc that claims your assistance is J . JBoattio . He has

      a good four acre allotment ; he has boasted of producing fine vegetables , fine potatoes , which he is famous for ; had the thirty pounds n . id money , lets three , acres of his land , for which he has already received ' £ 2 Q ; he hiis one acre and his house to himself , and having been a . soldier , is in receipt of a pension . Ho has paid no rent , he ' says he will have the , 'lease first before he will pay . He \ v : is employed on the estate as n labourer before the houses were finished , at 12 s . per week ; white the farm labourers where getting about 8 s . ; so much for hia expensive travelling . Now he is called a good hearted Irishman , and so he -is sometimes :

      but liia ingratitude and revuings towards Mr . O'Connor , who has endeavoured to better the condition of tho working classes , calls from us our loudest protest . ' We leave it to your readers , after these facts , if it is a caso worthy of your sympathy . Charles Willis , William Chandler , William Hoy , George Layi Benjamin Miiriday , Thomas Belstead , 'William '' Smith , " John Stone , Masfin Hart , Jelin DriDkwater , John Metc .-ilf , John Hayes , Charles Smith , John Wilkins , James Price , Charles Ireland , John . Bennett , Charles Neppard . Minster Lovel , near Witney , Oxon , . October 9 th , 1850 . . '

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      A Puff as is a Puff .-A corresponden t oUho New ; York Courier and Enquirer mitos ^ t gunt oi a good iron safe which was exposed ; o * beat « g completely destroyed itorjomgjj ^ JK lump was taken / after tho ^• v ^ A )! was harder than . SXlSS ^ Sfi ^ m he had been « . posed .- ^^^'''

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      CAPABILITIES OF THE LAND . ' TO TUB EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAIti Sin , —Ueing an enthusiastic admirer of the land and o ! tbe Land Plan , Icravo a small portion of your paper while 1 give the results of the proceeds of a small piece of garden . The size of garden in all ia only nine falls , and I have kept . a . careful account of the quantities of each crop , and have marked the price at what the sanie were selling in their season . I had two falls planted with potatoes , which yielded one and a half bolls , - which , at 5 d . per stone , gives £ 1 ; 200 cabbages , at four for a Id ., 4 s . 2 d . ; 200 stalks of beans , is . 2 d . ; 100 German

      greens , at four for a Id ., 2 s . Id . ; 400 leeks ( some of them six inches round ) , at eight for aid ., 4 s . 2 d . ; 281 bs . onions , at l * di per lb ., 3 s . 6 d . ; one stone of carrots , 8 d . ; one bed of lettuce , Sd . ; sold 2 , 500 German green plants , at 2 d . per 100 ; 4 s . ' 2 d . ; two double rows early peas , under value , at 2 s .- ; fehreo pint 3 0 f : Wack currants , at-4 cl ., Is eight picts of red and white currauts ,. at 3 d , 2 s . ; twenty-six pints of gooseberries , at 3 d ., 6 s . 6 d . j . twolvo . leek heads of the Scotch kind , containing three dozen ia all , aii lOd . per dozen , 2 s . Cd . i one lb . Germaa green plant seed sold at lOd ; ' tw » bee-hives , one of which nivod twice ,- value of hives , £ 1 ; the old hi-ves being put down produced fous pints of honey , at Ss ,

      £ 1 12 ; total , £ 5 103 . 2 d . Besides this , I have off my ground , a pig-sty , a dung-pit , a bleaehing-green , a handsomo flo \ vci' piqtl besides roads , & ' e . A neighbour of mine , William Rreaton , ' . has ii leek bed , eight yards by five , in which are seventeen rows , for which he gets Sd ; per row , or 11 s ! & . for tho whole . Who , after this ,- "will say that tin land is valueless ? Like-Mr . Crockett , I use the liquid manure largely , and have been greatly indebted to Mr , O'Connor's admirable instructions , and hope he will be long spared as a social and practical instructor . I am , &o ., Robert Msueb . Markinch , Pifeshire , Oct . 12 th .

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      Charterville , October ICth . ¦ ' : Sib , —The above is a copy of a letter which I sent to tbe Oxford Chronicle last Thursday , with five enclosed postage stamps for a paper , containing tho above letccr . It was to be addressed to Mr . llayes , my neighbour , but we have not yet received . it . " Ifc was the wish of the allottees that I should send you tho above for insertion in tho Star , if it meets your approbation . Your humble servant , Oiiaules Willis .

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      f : mvMmM : Mmm& ^ ¦¦ — . . "' ' ~ " " ^^^^^^^^^^^^—^— _ _ _ . _ T . ] L ^^ . ' ' ' . ¦ -

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      'W ( ' K S fidence in th m m 678 : LfllOl ^ SAtDPi ^ jflBW ^ ^ -3 ? 2 SS 2 & ;^ A > 1 a _ .- * ii ¦ . ¦ " ; . « -. - " - _• " — _ ¦ _¦• ' " . _ " ¦ ' ' ¦ ' ' * . ; -. ' ¦¦ ..-. .., --.. ¦ "¦ .-¦ .: ' - ^^^^^^^^^^* " *^ M * MBMIIi *^^ "' * " 1 ^ " ^—M 1 " MM 1 ^™'"»— ' —^—^— ¦ - i ¦ ¦ -i i i — . . . . i

      T.He-Cha31teb, The;Whole Chae ' ^ Tejl'jjxd Nothing But " The Chartjee.

      T . HE-CHA 31 TEB , THE ; WHOLE CHAE ' ^ TEJL ' JJXD NOTHING BUT THE CHARTJEE .

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      J [ The result of this meeting proves that there is a wide , and , at present , impa ssaWe gulf between this section of Reformers and the-, veritable Detnocrats of . this country . No- opposition-whatever was offered to any of -the speakers . : The . numerous body of Chartists listened patiently ; to the alphabet of reform , which thehv -younger : brethren were being

      £ taught . Wherever it was possible for them to , applaud ,-they did so ; yet , no sooner'did Mv . ' O'Connor rise / than -ari uneasy expression Was evinced upon tlie platform , by ^ 'jiyes- ^ nd jeers about tHe Land Plan and 1 n 6 ^ sopn ' er did he ^ o . ucH upon'thei wrongs ' of lab'dui ' tliia ^^ fieip ^^ M ^ t ^ ^ k ^^^ tiipifat corifusibn . ' Perhaps Mr . [ 0 ?| l ! onnor ' s nervous expressions were not suited to the mercantile atmosphere of tho London Tavern—certainl y they fell harshly upon the ears of any who might be living upon , those lvronga , wliicblia

      was about exposing . They would , therefore , agree with their chairman in expressing : theic dissent both to the language used and the sentiments conveyed ; but we think they might have taken a better method of giving an expression to it .- The Chartist body , when tHey read the report of Mr . O'Connor ' s speech , will , in all probability , comoto a different < 5 Qnclus'lbri' respecting to that ; arrived at b y ' Sir Joshua Walmsley , and the members of ^ he Parliamentary and Financial Reform Association . ]

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 19, 1850, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1596/page/1/