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Northern Star (1837-1852), 25th May 1850, Edition 1 of 3, Page 8

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    • ^m mmm^^M
    • ta SS-S- -nUIAM RIDER, ofKo. 5, tt^TpW" P M!? T /ILLIAM RIDEIl, ofKo. 5, Macd«fi&
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      to the benefits they confer . Gentlemen , ^ 1 have thus briefly given my opinions on the leading points : suggested by the documents which have been laid feforeme , and by the comparison of the present position of the Association with my original anticipations from it . Yon will perceive that I feel as ' deeply and warmly interested in the welfare and prosperity of the sons of industry as ever , and ant as heartily disposed'to render to them whatever assistance Iie 3 in my power . ( Cheers . ) It is , however , a matter ' of serious consideration whether with the precarious state of my health , and the necessary abstinence from public business and excitement of all kinds , which it enforces , I Bhould any longer undertake the responsibility of the office of president It is questionable whether , mi .

      oer ail the circumstances , itisdoingjust . ee to the Association , which might be able to secure a more scfive and influential individual to fill the position , or to myself , by accepting an office , in which the responsibilities may be incurred without that constant control on my part which is required to present those responsibilities from being personally injurious , which I regret to say certain ill-disposed and ungrateful parties have endeavoured to render them . ( Hear . ) Much , however , will depend upon the proceedings and thedecisions of this conference , at its close ; but of this be assured , that in whatever situation I may be placed , I shall never hesitate , while life and health remain , to spend my last energies in the service of the millions of my

      industrious fellow-countrymen . ( Applause . ) Mr . "W . Peel , the secretary , then read thereport of the central committee for the pnst year , a -document of great length and considerable interest , and which very minutely detailed the business operations of the committee for that period . They congratulated the conference upon the marked improvement which has commenced to manifest itself : in the numbers and rescources of the association . The depressing influences of the commercial panic . of 1847 , and the political excitements of 1 S 48 , were circumstances peculiarly unfavourable to thedeve-- lopmentof a movement , which from its novelty , and the importance of its ulterior objects , depended * for its success upon the calm reflection of the

      operative classes , unbiassed by any extraordinary external agencies tending to excite their prejudices or warp their judgments . Although these exciting influences are now happily passed away or considerably mitigated , they left behind them a torpid apathy which was particularly observable during the year 1849 , and from which the working classes ¦ are but now recovering . Amid these discourager ments the committee had successfully struggled to maintain the organic form of the association , and they also felt it their dnty to state that this success had not arisen from an attempt on their part to strengthen a weakened movement by the slightest departure from the principles originally laid down ¦ as the foundation upon which a national

      combination of labour should be constructed . Those principles were thus enunciated in the original report on * which the association was formed by a conference of delegates in March , 1845 . While thecommittee are desirous that this organisation should be formed to vindicate the rights of labour , and shall be adapted also to oppose the tyranny of any legislative enactments , to coerce trades' societies , or of a similar character to that of the Masters and Ser-Tants Bill last session ( 1844 ) , they are deeply impressed irith the importance and beneficial tendency arising from a good understanding between the employer and employed ; seeing that their interests are mutual , and that neither can injure the other ¦ w ithout the wrong perpetrated recoiling upon the

      party who inflicts it . They would , therefore , suggest it to be one of the principal objects of this conference to cultivate a good understanding with the employer , and thereby remove those prefudices which exist against trades' combinations , by showing upon all occasions that they only seek by combination to place themselves upon equal terms , as disposers of their labour , with those who pur chase it ; to secure themselves from injury , but by no means to inflict it upon others . " The committee stated that in every instance , wherein they have been called upon to act as mediators , in case 3 of dispute between the members and'their employers -the true relation between the parties has been better understood , and that good feeling so essential to th

      e interests and happiness of both , been maternally augmented and confirmed . Thus far , not-• withstandlngthe drawbacks ^ tnd difficulties encountered , the movement may be BaM-4 o have been emi nently successful , not only in testing and establishing the principles upon which it is based , but in Saving obtained by its agency great and important practical benefits to a large number of its members without , in any instance , by the advice or proceedings of the committee , entailing loss or injury to any individual connected with it . Towards the commencement of last winter the committee arranged for a steady and continuous movement , ¦ with , the-view of arousing the trades into activity , and enforcing upon them the peculiar claims of the

      association to their support ; and in addition to the ordinary mode of agitation by public lecture and meetings , they determined to make an effort to reach the trades in their club-bouses and workshops , as a more effective means of bringing under their notice the objects and principles of the association . This species of agitation , although attended with considerable labour to those en ^ ged in it , has been found highly effective . In addition to these measures for enlarging and extending the Knowledge of the association , the committee reported numerous cases wherein their meditorial duties have been brought into operation with unexampled success . Indeed , in no case where there ¦ was an opportunity of supporting the claims of the

      members by reason and argument , in a personal interview with the employers , have they failed in _ terminating the dispute with advantage to the men " and they believe to the satisfaction , and in many instances with the complimentary acknowledgments , of the employers . Inenumeratingthemore important cases in which they have'been called ¦ upon to act in their character as mediators between their members and their employers , they remarked that the employers in general have received them in that capacity with an urbanity and kindness of manner -which contrasts favourabl y with most former attempts by working men to negotiate in cases of disputes in relation to wages . The cases in whichmediation had proved successful were reported at

      great length . They were thirteen in number , and included cases of dispute in various trades in Birmingham , Warrington , Kidderminster , Daventry , Wolverhampton , Manchester , Northwitcb , Cardfile , & « . Many of them were of an exceedingly difficult and delicate character , but by the exercise of impartiality and moderation , they had in every instance terminated substantially in favour of the members . In several cases the immediate gain iaa been very considerable to them , and in all the Dest feeling was established between the employers and employed . The former were becoming fully awareoftheimmense superiority of this method of adjusting differences as compared with the hostility , expense , and embarrassment of the old method of

      strikes . The committee were of opinion that these cases presented a series of important and successful operations which stand unparalleled in the history of any Trades * Association , and offer a complete and triumphant answer to the question " what practical benefit have you conferred upon jour members in return for the contributions you exact from them ? At the present time the committee were engaged in an important negotiation with the leading manufacturers in Wolverhampton to induce them , in conjunction with the tin-plate ¦ workers of that town , to agree upon a Ii 3 t of prices for the numerous articles of their manufactures , by which means many fruitful causes for dispute ¦ would be removed , and the good understanding

      which is so desirable to promote between parties so intimately connected as master and workmen , materially strengthened . They had great pleasure in stating that " as far as this important work had progressed , the employers , without a single exception , had received them with the greatest kindm » s and condescension , and evinced every desire to promote tha olqect in -view . The report then ad-¦ verted to the future prospects of the association , -which were stated to be of a cheering and hopeful ¦ f , "WhUe 8 * 7 sympathised with every effort made by other parties for the political and social mprovement of the industrious classes , thecommittee Btemgly expressed their confirmed belief in the soundness of the policy of non-interference with liticalmatterhitherto

      po * pursued by fte ^ oriation . . The report , concluded as follows :-Your oommittee have ^ brought up the finance statement to the latest period , and also a general balance sheet for the year ending 25 th March 1850 , with Mr . Glover ' s ( the officiaf auditorKrt upon the financial operations of the association they think that an examination of these documents cannot fail to be satisfactory to « ur members , exhibiting as they do a steady though gradual increase in our numbers and resources . A comparative view of the quarterly income shews an increase in the aggregate of twenty-five per cent , for the last six months overthe six months ending September 29 th . But if the income of each month be * sm > mitted to a comparative examination , the improvement will be discovered to be of a still more decided

      and encouraging character , establishing beyond the possibility of doubt the soundness and efficacy of the present policy of the Central Committee , -who are of opinion that for the success of this or any similar movement , mere public appeals , whe'ther through the press , or from the platform , to thepassions or prejudices of the working classes , are absolutely unavailing . Tour committee are . ' satisfied that large sections of the trades are not yet sufficiently weaned from the old-fashioned system in which they have been nurtured to be able to : appreciate or receive the more effective plans whioh ShS ?! *? " * ^? beneficial . Mere pre-: , ffis a vMWr «« ^ KgRS ^ tigrtbd ; ing man ,. which ^ wcany cOTTicfton thoroughly

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      ¦¦¦— ~^—————home to their understanding . The successful termination of such a case as that in Wolverhampton will accomplish more for the cause of national and constitutional union , than long courses of -flashy lectures and speeches by the most eloquent and ear-pwrcing of orators . It is true , that-one policy is less showy , but it is more effectived It may be attended with greater labour and drudgery , but it is certain and satisfactory in its ultimate results . Your committee , therefore , appeal with j some confidence to their improving financial position as the best proof they can offer m defence o the practica utility of their policy . In conclusipn . -your committee deeply and sincerely deplore the absenceof that watchful superintendence over their proceedings on the part of their respected president , T . S . Dunnis

      combe , Esq ., M . P ., which it was ius practice ana pride to give to this movement , in its earlier career . The severity of the attack , which nearly deprived the country of one of its most honest and brilliant representatives , and the wdrking classes of their most powerful and disinterested friend , has rendered the progress to convalescence tedious and fluctuating ; and although that gentleman has always met every application of your committee with the greatest kindness and attention , with personal visits whenever his health permitted , and has been , in fact , the veritable bona fide head of this movement , the committee cannot but feel that the difficulties of their position have been greater than they would have been , could their honourable president have taken the same active part aa on former occasions , as adviser of the . working classes , both in and out of parliament . Your committee

      feel that they , may have fallen unintentionally into many acts of omission or commission , which that gentleman ' s experience and judgment would have corrected , but they feel- sure that their general policy will meet with his approval , governed " as it has been by a sincere desire to honestl y discharge their duties . They can only for tkemselves and for those of their members whose condition has been improved , whose just rights have been maintained through this association , offer their grateful acknowledgments to T . S . Duncbmbe , Esq ., M . P ., for his generous patronage , and their earnest hope that he will continue his connexion with an association that has conferred such largs benefits upon its members , and which was called into existence by his advise , and maintained its position by his constant and undeviating support . * On the motion for the reception of the report

      , Mr . _ Holmes , of Birminghan , said be observed the omission of one case , in which the influence of the association had been successfully exercised , though not directly by the central committee . The facts of the case were these : —A small master , in the wireworkers ' , business , finding . that a large employer had reduced a certain description of work from llid . to Sd ., proposed to make a similar reduction in the wages of his men . There was no time to write to the central committee , and therefore a deputation of the members of the trade , in the name and on the behalf of tho association , waited on the employer who had first made the reduction . Thev

      had a very friendly interview with him , and after some conversation he agreed to raise the prices again , and wrote a letter to the other employer to that effect , and promising to continue the old Ii 3 t in future . He expressed la warm terms his approval of the principles of the association , and their mode of conducting business . The other employer also withdrew the proposal for a reduction , and thus terminated , in the course of a few hours , a dispute which , but for the association , would have thrown out of work not less than thirty men . ' He wished that this additional illustration of the benefits conferred by the association should be inserted in the report .

      This addition was agreed to , and the report having been received , its final consideration and adoption was postponed until Wednesday mornin <* . The delegates then proceeded briefly to state tne condition of the trades societies they represented . Mr . Holmes ( wire-worker , ) Birmingham , stated that since the time they had been connected with the association his trade had never , as a body generally speaking , been more peaceable and contented , and its effect in regulating prices was palpable to all of them . They had never before had for such a length of time so regular a system of payment for the various kinds of a rticles made in their trade ; and the universal opinion among them was , that it was all owing to their connexion with

      the national united trades . Some years ago a list had been agreed to , but the masters had gradually withdrawn from it , and the consequence was that in many articles pr ices were run so low that it was impossible for the workmen to live in tho barest way upon them . Since they had formed , the association , however , ho had the pleasure of stating that al l thes e reductions had been withdrawn , and with one or two exceptions , in which the workmen were either inferior , or had not yet served a full apprenticeship , a uniform price was paid . ( Hear hear . ) ' Mr . Rowland ( tin plate worker ) from Wolverhampton , gave a similar report , with the exception that the uniform list had not yet been finally agreed upon by the masters and men , though he had the

      most confident hope it would be in a short time . As far as the feeling of the trade was concerned , they had not been in a more quiet or peaceable position for the last seven years , and they attributed it all to their joining the association . The central committee had been of great , service to them already , and when the negotiation now pending was settled , he believed it would be the signal for the adhesion of a large number of other trades whose attention had been drawn to the subject , and were now anxiously watching the . proceedings . Prices in their trade had been successively pulled d own by one master after another , each making the excuse that he was forced to follow the example of hia

      neighbours , till at last tho men were reduced to starvation , and determined to withstand the system that thus crushed them to the ground . Accordingly they called in the aid of the central committee , and in the course of two or three days the matters in dispute were satisfactorily adjusted at a small expense , -which , under the old system , would have thrown a large number of men out of work , and reduced their families to want . Since that time there has been no reduction made , nor was it'likely that any would be offered in future , so long as they had the support of the association , and preserved the same reasonable and peaceable mode of settling differences ; ( Hear , hear . ) ¦

      Mr . Bahber ( carpet weaver ) Kidderminster , also testified to the good feeling and quietude which pervaded the large body with which he was connected at present , and which exceeded anything he had known for the last ten years . This was the more gratifying , because there was a great , difficulty in dealing with differences in that trade . It was easy for the manufacturers to introduce a variety of inferior work and new methods , by which the uniform and standard rates per yard could , at least be colourably reduced , without affording any very tangible ground of complaint . Lately a reduction of this kind , amounting in all to ten per cent ., had been successfull y resisted , through the medium of the association . He was confident that it would

      receive considerable accessions from other trades in that room , as well as from the carpet-weavers employed by other firms , who had not yet joined . Mr . Bryan , of Stourport , gave a similar statement , and bore testimony in the strongest manner to the advantage his trade had received . If it had not been for the association they would ha ve been reduced from fifteen to twenty per cent , upon their present prices . Mr . Stelfox ( rock miner ) of Northwich , stated that , two years ago , his trade had , through the instrumentality of the central committee , received an advance of 6 d . a day , which they had enjoyed ever since , making an aggregate increase to them of several hundred pounds . Previous to that the masters sold rock-salt at 3 s . Gd . a ton , and immediately afterwards they raised the price to 6 s ., though the addition to the miner was on ] y 2 d . per tpnr : -Not content with 6 s . they soon after raised the

      price to as ., at which it stood Some time , ultimately again settling down at Ga . Recently a German had settled at Korthwich , and commenced to work one of the mines , and to sell at a lower rate . The employers thereupon proposed to take off the advance of 6 d : or 2 d . a ton , and warning had been given that such would be the case . The central committee had , however , interfered , the case was just now settled , and he was happy to inform the conference that the whole of the sixteen mines were now in full work , at the old prices ; and further , that not any man had lost a day's work during the time the negotiation was going on . ( Cheers . ) T ! h ' e strongest faith in the principle of the association pervadedthe rock-salt miners , and they had the utmost confidence in the president and central committee . The Chairmah asked what rock salt was now sold tor per ton ? Mr . Stjjifox . —Three shillings and sixpence , but it will be raised to 6 s .

      . The Chairman . —How is it then , that in London it is sold for 2 s . 6 d ? Mr . Stbwox ;— That was what is called "black rock , an inferior kind of salt . The best was white or yehow in colour . That was 6 s . a ton . The master miner would sell black rock for 14 d . or 15 d . a ton .. ! The Chairman . —Is not bay salt higher priced * Mr . SiBurox . — Bay salt was made from the liquor that runs from the rock head , called brine and was boiled in pans . It was , he believed , 9 a . or 10 s . a ton . ¦ ¦ - ¦¦ ¦ ¦ '¦•¦ . ¦

      The Chairman wished to knowfrom the delegates whether , in their opinion , the trades in the country , were deBirous of keeping up their local trade unions . It was said by some parties there was a chanee in their feelings on this subject , arid if s » it was desirable the truth should be known Thn National Association and its machinery depended an much upon the co-operation of organised local tridn societies , that if they were likel y to be Snw or fallo&Vit would beofno usa ; whateWk 2 ° a committee ^ m London , or to w makfcu / the frame-work , of tl » association . He must s ** that

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      some circumstances , seemed very ' singular'to hiih , in connexion with this taovemeht . Hebelieved they had hot a single trade-in Sheffield with ? them now , and yet it was in : Sheffield that he might - Bay tine association was originated . If ; this feeling were to spread ; there would be no bodies to require 'the mediation of the central committee . : i The delegates severally : assured the chairman that in their respective localities , tho feeling as to the necessity for local organisation was-stronger than ever , and that a great many new ; bodies' were now forming for the express purpose of attaotiing themselves to . this association . Thev admitted .

      however , that many of the old trade unions had fallen into decay , and some had been extinct altogether . But in . their opinion tho diss olution of these bodies was scarcely to be regretted , because their old prejudices and mode of action , prevented them from appreciating the improved and superior method adopted by this association . . .: . Mr . IlomES stated that there was an anxious inquiry among many of the trade societies as to the principles and objects of tho association , and that he was engaged to explain them to several trades on his return to Birmingham .

      The Chairman said he was afraid that the ; secretaries and local officers were opposed to this movement , and prevented these trades from joining it , from the foar that their local influence and their present emoluments would be interfered with . The delegates confirmed . this view of the case by numerous illustrations in point , but they added , that this kind of influence was gradually weakening . ¦>' ....- ¦' The Chairman thought such conduct very shortsighted on the part of those individuals , as well as dishonest to their trades . , ( Hear , hear . ) There was , to be Eure , one word that might formerly have been used in opposition to the association—centralisation . ( Hear . hear . ) He was as niuch opposed 10 improper centralisation as any man could be . but

      in this case tho railroads had disposed of tho whole question . It was easy for any secretary to place himself in immediate communication with the central committee in the course of an hour or two , and thus secure at once the benefit of a national association and of local experience ; and there was no ' reason why secretaries , and officers of loca bodies should not continue in their positions after their trades had joined their association ; without Ibsingjeither influence or pay . . On the contrary , 'he thought both mightthusbo legitimately augmented . There was one other point to whicft 1 $ wished to call their attention before leaving ; ttiefeliair-for that day . He thought they would'do well to consider , in appointing a committee for" the ' ensuing year , whether it would bo prudent to append a

      proviso to the appointment , tfeat if circumstances should prevent the necessary forms from being sent in to carry on the movement at the end of three or six months , the engagemenfrshould terminate either by a special conference being summoned , or by letters from the trades . , , Some conversation ensued upon this suggestion , which was eventually deferred until the election of officers . Shortly after one o ' clock the conference adjourned for dinner . ' ' : On re-assembling in the afternoon , Mr . F . Green , in the absence of . the President , took the chair . The Secbetabt read upwards of twenty letters fron » a gteaV variety of trades , expressive of their opinions on the general business to be laid before the conference , and their suggestions as to the course it should pursue in future . Theso trades generally stated that they were so satisfied with the

      manner in which the central ' committee were conducting the business , that they did not think it necessary to be at the expense of Bending delegates Nearly the whole of them contained similar opinions as those expressed by the delegates in the morning , respecting the utility and valueof the association , and supported those opinions by practical instances of its efficacy . Among the towns and trades thus represented , there were—cotton-spinners , Warrington ; bricklayers , Lynn ; fender-maker ' s , ' Birmingham , Keighley , Yorkshire ; millers , Birmingham ; tailors , Kilmarnock ; shoemakes , Norwich ; bobbinturners , Todmorden ; fender-moulders " , Birmingham ; cotton-spinners ,: Carlisle , Warwick-bridge , and Dalston . ¦

      , The conference then proceeded to take up the matters on the business paper , prepared by the central committee . ' The first was an improved system of registration and monthl y returns , by which the payments and actual position of every individual member could be ascertained with speed and , certainty . After some conversation on the ' , importance and necessity of such an arrangement , in order to prevent imposition or the fraudulent misapplication of funds , The plan proposed by the committee was unanimously agreed to . The second proposition had reference to an alteration in the terms of rule 21 , which regulates the amount to be paid on entrance , and the monthly levies from each trade . ' ¦ :. At the hour of adjournment the conference had not arrived at a decision upon this point .

      WEDNESDAY . The conference re-assembled this morning at ten o'clock . Mr . F . Green , in the absence of the president , occupied the chair . . Tho discussion as to the alteration of rule 21 was resumed , and the proposition of fche committee , that the last f our words should be struck out was agreed to . The effect of the amendment will be to insure every member being on the books of the association for the full period of six months before they can have a claim to the benefits guaranteed to members . - ¦

      Mr . Humphries , on the part of the central committee , then proposed : — " That in order to secure a general representation of the trades at the annual conference of the association , the central committee recommend to this conference the propriety of establishing a fund to aid the trades in sending their delegates to such conference . To create this fund , each member shall contribute one penny per month . " In support of this proposal , the speaker pointed out the desirability of having a fuller personal representation of the trades at the conferences than they had for the last year or two . He had no doubt that the falling off in the attendance of delegates was mainly owing to the difficulty whioh

      small bodies , many of them receiving but soanty pay , experienced in raising the funds requisite to send a delegate . Yet ' these were the very trades by whom " a personal representation was most needed ; as far as their own interests rwere involved ; and he thought the strong and powerful trades , in such a case , should assist the small and the weak in this matter . ' The contribution of one penny per month would not be severely felt by any trade ; and in order to -prevent an unnecessary expenditure of the fund thus created , he proposed that the minimum number of members required to Bend a delegate should be raised from thirty to fifty .- ' ¦¦¦ - ¦ ¦;• ¦ ¦ ; ¦ ¦ ,- ¦¦ - ¦ ¦; ' The resolution having been seconded /

      Mr . IIolmes expressed his strong objections to it . In many local societies there already existed a fund for the purpose of sending delegates to the conference , whioh had a twofold effect of causing the men not to feel the expense directly , and at the same time to guard against any possible waste . By the proposed plan , they would be called upon to contribute to an extra and additional fund , the management of which would not be immediatel y under their control ; and he feared this would render them discontented . On that account he considered the measure a dangerous one , while the increase of the minimum from thirty to fifty , would have the effect of wholly disfranchising small bodies whinh nnw

      possessed the privilege , and whenever they pleasedto avail themselves of it , could send delegates to the conference . The alteration would also , in his opinion , have the effect of giving large bodies an undue preponderance , by the number of delegates they would-be entitled to place on i the ' general fund , -while , in many instancesiT M believed , it would be impracticable to collect' the money ; and if delegates were sent , and funds not forthcoming , there ^ would be discontent from-this cause also . For these reasons he should move aa an amendment : — " That this conference strongly advises the several societies in connexion withthis association , to immediately commence the formation of a local fund , for the defraying 'the ft *™™™ nf a at

      delegate to the conference , In order that the trades aSalSu ^ repreiented important Mr . Sxeifox seconded the amendment ^ Several Delegates expressed their opinions upon the question , but the general opinion seemed to be , that however desirable it was tS have thHrinciple mi £ rfd f th rop 98 ition of the Centffi Committee adopted , it was so surrounded witkdifficulties and . dangers , that the safest plan -wuld be to leave it to the trades themselves to provide for M ? E « th t , T ! l ted b * amendment . wS'JS acknowled g ° < lto * as going : to commit h « hS I frequently oalled an aot of inconsistency . He had been strongly in favour of the proposition niJf ; l hrle ?« but he confessed that his opihi « n ™ ? , ? i * of the Proposed measure had Tinin . materi ? Uychan ed by the remarks . of Mr . Holmes ; and , as in his opinion , the greatest proof « consistency was changing opinion whenever a cnange of conviction took place , he should reoommend . the withdrawal of the proposition , and the adoption of the amendment . ; ; h ; •« The resolution was then : withdrawn , and the amendment unanimously adopted . i The next subject taken up was a proposition made t > y the Kidderminster carpet weavers , that a member of the Central . Committee should be appointed to-yisit that trade , and to remain for suoh time as might be necessary to familiarise himself with its technicalities , as he would thereby be better able to mediate in cases of dispute . ' , . Mr . Barber in bringing the question forward , explained that what was meant was , that a person like Mr . Green ( member of the Central Committee

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      whdbad | alreaidyibeenof such service to the trade by' hayingrretfained some time ' fin ; the town , and aoqufrmgthek ' mi ^ W appointed to'the ' district ; " arid though ' not constantly resident in it , ' yet that ; a considerable portion of his time should be devoted to acquire a knowledge of fae methods in differeht . ' workBhops , ahd'by different workmen . He would thus acquire a tolerably various and correct knowledge of ¦ the trade , though it was so varied that it would take any man more than six months to' do so , and-in case of difficulties or disputes he would be tho man sent for , when his knowledge would be of great

      service ; - ' ' ¦;• - ¦ < . . .-. : ¦ Mri'PaEL said that practically tho committee had never found auy difficulty on this point . Whenever any member was sent to mediate on any case , he took care to make himself sufficiently acqu ainted with tho particulars before- seeking an inter view with the employers , and as to mere technicalities , he always took a man of-the trade with him to look after tliem . His , duty was to deal with general principles . From his own ! experience lie could say , that it was easy for any one practically acquainted' with machinery and work , to acquire sufficient knowledge in a very short time for such purpose . .- '; . . . ¦ ; ¦ . ' .

      Mr . Holmes was much aurprisedat this request on the part of the mon of Kidderminster . Every trade in the association might ask the same / and the , duty bo thrown on the members of the committee to learn the technicalities of all the different businesses ; for every trade had its own technicalities . Heiwas opposed to . it on principle . Ho did not-think the association could afford to keep a member of . thejspmroittee in any particular locality , in order to , learn the technicalities of any branch ' of trade . If he understood the dutjesrof the ., committee , aright , they were to conduct the general business of the association , iiccording to the constitution and rules , and to mediate upon general principles , in an impartial spirit , in cases of dispute . If

      according to Mr , Barber , it would take six months to , learn the technicalities of carpet-weaving , he would like to see it reckoned up how long it would take to learri > U the technicalities ? He thought it would be much better that , instead of this ^ proposition the country should be divided into districts , and that one member of tho committee should bo appointed to visit it to make himself acquainted with the various trades , and their officers , by : keeping ' up a quiet but steady agitation among organised bodies , and if any difficulties arose , that he being , best acquainted with the . locality , should be the party to settle them , Much money had for rneriy been spent in out-door agitation , in which ' lectures were delivered here and there without ' any

      time being spent in quietly organising the trades . What he now proposed was , in fact , an extension and completion of the system which had , within the last six months , been so well and so beneficially introduced by the central commitlee . , They hadj he thought , acted in a most praiseworthy , manner , and tha plan was far better , calculated . to gain the object'in view than any other that could be devised . Air . Green said that Mr . Holmes had as nearly as possible expressed the opinions of the mover of the resolution at Kidderminister ,, and in practice it had always been tuo . system of tho committee to act upon that principle . as 'far as . circumstances would allow , them , . j-There " would , however , be great difficulties in . the ' way of carrying out the proposition as it now stood before conference . But , ! on the , part of the central committee , ho might Bay it was their full intention , as far as

      possible , steadily to pursue the policy outlined by Mr . Holmes , modifying it , of course , as circumstances might render necessary . . After some furthor conversation the proposal was negatived . , . . :, Tho conference then took up the next business on the paper , which was appeal cases . There was only one , in which a carpet weaver at Bridgenorth , claimed compensation on the scale allowed from the . victim fund . The . case was Very fully gone into . It appeared , however , that the law had not been compliedwith , which requires that immediate notice shall be given to the central committee , but that , on tho contrary , it was nearly three months after tho occurrence before they heard of it . The central committee were also equally , divided upon the point , whether the case was a " victim oase ^ or not , and under tho circumstances they had resolved to leave it to the conference .

      Mr . Barber contended it was clear the . man was eligible to assistance under the rule . Mr . Brian , on the contrary , thought he was not entitled to , benefit . : . . Several other delegates concurred in his opinion . Mr . Barber moved , — " That the conference allow a small sum from the funds of the association , but that it wasnot to be regarded as a precedent in such cases ; and , further , that the general secretary bo . instructed to reprem . ind tho secretary at Bridgenorfch , for not giving notice , according to the rules . " ...

      • This motion , not being seconded , fell to the ground ; and . it was then resolved , — "That the conference , having maturely considered the case , are of opinion that there is no evidence of the individual having been discharged under circiimstances which would bring him within the scope of tho law . relating to victims ; and that even if he had , tho non-compliance with the law relative to such cases would have disqualified him from receiving relief ; but the conference earnestly recommend local secretaries to communicate immediately with the central committee on such cases in future . "

      . The report as amended by the resolution of the previous day was then unanimously adopted , and the conference proceeded to the election of tho officei' 3 for the ensuing year . The following were unanimously appointed : —T . S . Duncombe , Esq ., M . P ., presidsnt ; G . A . Fleming , Esq . vSaville-row , Walwortb , treasurer ; Messrs . Green , Peel , Winters , Humphries , and Holmes , committee ; the latter only to be called into active service should the business of the association increase to such an extent as to require his assistance ; -Mr . Peel to be the general secretary . .

      Messrs . Barber and Rowland were also elected to fill up any vacancies that mignt occur in the committee in the course of the year . * The conference then adjourned till Thursday at ten o ' clock ; ¦

      ' ' THURSDAY . : Tho Conference met this morning at ten o ' clock according to adjournment . T . S . Ddncombe , Esq . M . P ., in the chair . Mr . Holmes , after briefly , but forcibly , showing the advantages that had been derived from' the course of steady and quiet organization pursued by the Central Committee for the last few months , concluded by moving ; " That this Conference feel bound to express their approval of the policy lately adopted by the Central Committee in agitating the country by a continuous Bystem of local visitations nmftTitr t . llfi trades w > iir > V > hnrl Vippn sn tipnofinial in PMk ri UVUVUViMA

      nq . v »* v WK *«** WB II AAAVU *«» VB MWV *» WV *¦• its results during the last few months , and trusts that they will still continue the . same successful course as heretofore , as this Conference fully believes it tobe the b est policy that could be adopted to arouse the trades of this country to a sense of their just rights and privileges . . * ' - , The motion was seconded by Mr . Barber , who bore testimony to the excellent effect produced in the Kidderminster district by the ; new policy .. He was quite satisfied , that if it had hot been adopted , there would have been nothing like the organization which existed in his trade , and that the members © f this Association would have been much less

      numerous . . Mr . Green ( member of the committee ) stated , with reference to this , question , that . the system pursued had been found advantageous both to the masters and the men . When a member of the committee got familiarised to any particular district in his official capacity , it had a beneficial effect on both . The employers came to kpow him , and , to treat him with that confidence which could not be expeoted to he given to a mere , stranger ; while the employed ; on the other hand , were certain of Bavin " their interests attended to by a persoa tolerably conversant with the facts of each case , and the peculiarities of their trades ; By going about and finding out the places and times of meeting of the

      trades in the district , the member had also an op-Eortunity of coming into contact with bodies which , ut for this method , could never be reached , but who , when once convinced of tho utility of the association , became its most valuable supporters . In saying this , however , he did not mean to decry the course of general agitation they had formerly pursued . It should be remembered , that the path upon which they had entered at the onset was , to all of them , a new and untrodden one , and in adopting this new courBe they were in fact , the children of the experience they had acquired during past years . There could not , however , bo the slightest doubt but that it was union better to spend the money of the association in this way than in railway fares , or in passing from one town to another , without remaining sufficiently long in any to give the seed sown time to spring up and ripen . By the new method the trades were souzht out . and kept together fat

      better than before . Of course the central committee would be very proud if the conference adopted such a resolution as that proposed by Mr . Holmes , because it would distinctly stamp with the approval ofthe : conference , ¦ the policy the committee had adopted ; and in which they had the greatest faith ; which they had commenced with the highest expectations of success , and . which , so far , had not belied their anticipations . . .. ¦ The resolution was then put and agreed to unanimously . .... "" ¦ ¦¦ ¦ ' ¦" The balance sheet for the past year was presented together with the report of the offioial auditor Mr ' ( Joseph Glover ) , Public Aooountant , Buoklersbury ' wbioh was as follows : — " I have examined the cash book , containing the receipts and payments from ' June ^ SUUm to Ma ^^^ all the jeceipts ^ are therein stated , and the Sin received from the ' Employment Fund' toaeree iritti tt » mm * as ow ^ &ia ^ oaflihQokfSS

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      same is oorrect . The suggestions madei n the pre * jijouajrepor ' t , as to " the method of keeping the aocbuntSj have ^ njitteo :. will see the adynntajges derived from it , as they can now refer- to any trade who have contributed : to this association , ' and seo the balance of their accounts at one view . " . ¦ , ., .: ; Aftera short ponversationi the balance sheet was unanimously .. approved and adopted . Some other routine business having been dis-¦ Mr ; Holmes said , that however inadequate he might be to discharge the duty he was about to undeitako , he never felt greater pleasure than in pro- ' posing , for the adoption ofthe conference , the resolution which he-would read to them : — ¦ " That the

      delegates of ; tho United Trades cannot separate without expressing the grateful sense they feel of the kindness and generosity displayed by Thomas Slingsby Buncombe , Esq ., M . P ., in his official character of president of this association . They beg to assure him that the working classes of this country generally , are deeply sensible of his kindiicss , and are watching with intense interest his return to convalescence , when ho shall again be able to resume his position as the people ' s tribune in the House of Commons . They venture to hope he will again oondescond to accept tho appointment of president of this association , and am very sanguine that the association will , rapidly augment in numbers arid importance , and eventually realise his original

      anticipations of what such a movement should be . That the sentiments they here inadequately express are universally the sentiments of those they represent . " —Ho felt quite confident , that however small the number of trades might be t noyr . in connexion with the National Association , compared with these originally , rejected by their president , that in-the hearts and breasts of all , there was but one common sentiment towards their very honourable and highly esteemed president ; and their deep regret at his long-continued state of ill-health , and a fervent hope that he may speedily recover , and again , take that place in the councils of the nation , which . he so long filled with honour to himself , and advantage , to the country at large . ( Cheers . )

      It was the general feeling of the trades , that they were greatly , indebted to him for many blessings , and they looked forward to the time when , through his instrumentality , they would enjoy still greater . Perhaps the best illustration he could give of the feeling which animated them , would be to mention what took placo recently in his own trade at Birmingham . When he stated to them , beforp coming , to that conference , that Mr . Duncombe ' s health would not allow him to continue president , a thrill ran through the whole meeting their countenances fell , and sorrow was depicted on every face . A resolution was unanimously passed , hoping that he would ' resume his place ; and ho ( Mr .

      Uolmes ) might truly say , that a hearty prayer went up to Heaven that he might . speedily recover his health , and'in hisplaoe . in the House of Commons again become the representative of the working classes . ( Cheers . ) These were the sentiments of tho working classes generally . They had a strong desire for his convalescence , and for his restoration to health and enjoyment , which was in itself , one of the greatest blessings of life , as well as to those active and Important duties in which ho had hitherto been engaged . In making these few observations , he was aware that tho duty had been very inadequately performed , but he proposed the resolution in all sincerity .

      The resolution was carried by acclamation , and with demonstration of respect . Mr . Duncombr said : After the very kind manner in whioh the conference had expressed themselves —which , even if he had full health and strength must , at all times have deeply affected him , and which naturally was more strongly felt by him when somewhat weakened by illness , ho could only say that he would be most-ungrateful not to ' respond to that kindness in a similar Bpirit . With regard to his health , he was happy to say that every day he found it was improving , though he had lately sufferod a relapse , caused by attending the House of Commons about a month ago on public business . After their liberality , and the kindly

      manner in which they had adopted all the suggestions he had mado to them on Tuesday , it would be most ungrateful on his part if he did not , so long as Mb health allowed , promote the interests and the welfare of the working classes through the medium of this association . ( Applause . ) lie therefore accepted the office of President , —( applause)—with tho proviso , that if , in three or six months , ill health , or other sufficient causes , should prevent him from doing justice to the position , he should be at liberty to resign it ; but he assured them , that as long as ho could work with them and with the committee—and they might assure the working classes the same—so long should they have his earnest services and advocacy to the best of his ability . ( Loud cheers . ) As for his health ,

      ne had already stated that he felt himself daily growing stronger ; and hia medical attendant assured him that there was some years work in him yet , and that , though he did not now expect to see him quite recovered this session , as it was far advanced , yet , next session he hoped to see him as wellaseyer . ( Greatcheering . ) On the motion of Mr . Humphries , seconded bv Mr . Barber , a vote of thanks was given to Mr . Fleming , lor his long-continued and valuable services to the association , and for the readiness he had at all times shown to give his advice and assistance to the central committee , when applied to by them . A vote of thanks was given to the members of the central committee , for the able , zealous , and faithful discharge of their duties for the past year .

      Thanks were also voted to the Editor of the Morning Advertiser , for the full and impartial reports of their proceedings , which had been given on that and pre vious occasions , in the columns of that journal ; and also to the Proprietor and Editors of the Northern Star , for their notices of the proceedings of the association . The conference then closed .

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      Test for the Presence of Chloroform . —The Alleoed Murder at Claphau ;— Dr . Snow placed on the table , at . the last meeting ofthe Westminster Medical Society , the apparatus which he used for detecting the presence of chloroform in the dead body . He said that tho process was a modification of one described in the Journal de Chemie 31 edicale for March , 1849 . The blood or portion of the bodv to he examined was put into a flask , from which there proceeded a tube , which was made red-hot in part of its course . Another glass tube , attached to the extremity of the latter , was moistened inside with a solution of nitrate of silver , and terminated in a Wolfe s bottle , the interior of which was also moistened : with the same solution . Heat beinir

      applied to the flask by means of the chloride of calciumbath , the vapour given off had to-pass through the red-hot tube , and any chloroform whioh mieht be present was d ecomposed , and : the chlorine and hydrochloric acid gas being set free , were arrested in tho next tube , where they formed a white precipitate of chloride of silver , which became rapidly darkened m colour by the action of light . The nature ofthe precipitate could be further proved by cutting the tube . with a file , and introducing ^ drop or two of nitric acid into one portion , and of solution of ammonia into the other . He had distinctly detected the presence of chloroform by this process m two kittens , killed by inhaling the vapour , on six successive days after the death of the animals

      , although no precautions were taken to protect the bodies from , the air , and tho quantity inhaled by eaoh kitten must havo been less than one minim . The parts of the animals examined were the viscera of the chest and abdomen , the brains , and the museles of the body and extremities . From all these parts clear evidences ofthe presence of chloroform were obtained , He had also obtained a precipitate of chloride of silver by . operating on some portions ofthe muscles taken from the leg of a child amputated under the influence of chloroform at St . George ' s Hospital . The prooess , indeed , was one of such delicacy , that he' had been able to dearly detect the presence ofthe hundreth part of a grain of chloroform , when dissolved in a thousand

      grains of water . The only substances which could yield chloride of silver by this method , were , Dutch liquid , chloride of ethyle , and some other bodies similar in composition and effects to chloroform , and which , however , were not in common use , or even kept . onsale . _ There were chlorides in the human body , but these could not be decomposed below a red heat , and certain ' . y not till tho part became dry ; whilst in the prooess he employed , the heat to whioh thepartunderexamination was exposed was only that of boiling water , or very little more , and it could , not become dry in the most protracted examination , as the greater part ofthe moisture given off became condensed in the tube , which inclined upwards ; and flowed back into the ' flask . The method , therefore , was liable to no fallacy or objection .: He Md . received from Mr . John Parrottsome portions LteS £ ^ L » P . lately found _ deai under 8 tenou 8 circumstance

      very , my s , in the Wandsworthroad . _ Tho parts had been cloaed up air-tight from he time . they were taken from the bodv . They ^ Hed . a portion . of the brain and of theliver , anu hough , they , were , kept boiling for two or three hours in their own serosity , not the least trace of chloride of silver was obtained , whilst in tho instances where , chloroform had caused death , the precipitate began to appear when the heat to whioh the part was exposed reached to , ^^ the boiirag point . In the muscle taken from the child ' s leg , khaohloroform was . only a few minutes longer Si being deteoted , although the quantity present must necessarily have been much less than in a case where death had been caused by it . He therefore . conoluded the death in the WandBWort-hiroad could not havo been occasioned by chlorolprm . —Zanccl . It is reported that Prince ifoUernioh ij about to iitum , to Austria , and thaV lib will be . gpnointed ohwwUo ^ f to emplr * . ' .

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      C ^ om our Se cond Ediiioff ^ f ^ > , I ,,., . . THURSDAY MAT 1 G " **?¦ ¦ HOUSE ^ OF (? OMMONS . -The ' oiL ..-. ¦ Public . Librariesand Museums Bil ?! J al oh ¦ Mr . Stanford raised an objectio n ^ I grounds to tho mode in which tho meaZVl , I carried to its present stage . One bill 5 ? ¥ te B had been discussed upon the second i > i § ¦ another was now offered to the commi ^ S ? vl ¦ plotely vrn its character changed bvff ' Q I insertion of clauses . ° y m 0 ttU 5 j 3 : Mr . Ewart explained that all the „> , - * I bill were introduced in accordance & ' «» suggestions thrown out by members du ?> lev « I aKsr sauctionod b ? ^ ^? fi 51 The bill was then carried through cn > w * I Marriages B | LL .-0 n the motion S ^ H * I committee this

      on bill , . " ' going Mr . Divett moved that the bill heem * ¦ S day six months . Ho Was L ° ^"" "edn I Wortley should have brought a IJ ? « I racter into Parliament . ° ' Su * a J ¦ On a diviaon the amendment was rcWf , I Sir F : Thesioer moved an im » l , i J c' ° * - of which . was to prevent iebilT fe ' ^ I trospective effect . Om hav 'ng i ? M The Secretary at War moved thif * * not e xtended to Scotland . that ^ bik On a division both amendments m » i The House resumed , and theffmrthT ° " - I of the measure was postponed S £ ffH I v Court op Prerogative ( iRI ! l ™ 3 J <*!» : ¦ Keooh moved the second reXt « f «' ¦ ^ 4 M Mr . Reynolds opposed K ^ l "' bil 1 - ' 1 short discussion , £ Hou diW ^ h " ^ fri I forrwas ; carried b y a majority o * ^ % I AttSr * 5 AtS ^ I ( Mmmr SSSt ^ I HOUSE OF LORD 8 .-Bp ,.. ' tt » 1 AMBASSSADOR-Lord Brouoha ™? T " Fbisc j 1 the Marquis of ^ MdowYo ^ ffi » A ™** I the French Ambassador ° to t&e rocaU ( ¦ de ^ Sa ? rSS ? r ^^ l read some despatches rcS ol /„ ° , ! ' ? Ca ) J ' bl 4 I tor for Foreign Aff airsWitf X £ f owa ^ 1 received certain MplMa ti ^ ftSS-Jhl 1 Paris to . communicate to the go vLmSt ^ l explanations he hoped would wovenf , „ » ° I tion of our friendly " relations itl Fnnol " ^ I HOUSE OF . C 0 MM 0 KS . -RE SmFRP I AMBASsADon-Mr . Disbaem , referring JX"S ? I hgence received that day from l > < Ji ?! report of the proceedings in the Frendi ChS , J 1 vfilaMw ! tn tH » i-onnii te y , -J ; .. " :.. \ Ch ambers . B . —w vw VAV vwni iu

      ... ,, » u » » JL / ruuyil ( 1 ( 5 TM Hi interrogated the Prime Minister , with the vSil obtaining a << fresh explanation ' of the £ jM position of affairs between the British and K ? I governments . . * ncm ^ lu : Jcsseli . prefaced his reply by obsetrin . B that the information lie could now fool justiS I gmng must bo cautiously limited . He then Jl ceeded to state , that Lord Koruanby hud £ S | a message from tho French Poroisn SeercbS | do la Hi , te , to the effect that the French $ JM ment felt aggrieved at the rejection of the Srfe I turn undertaken by France in the settlement' if 1 dispute with Greece , and that M . DrouI 1 LHuys bad been recalled in consequence iSl facts , Lord J . Eussell added were , that the Ern ¦ 1 government had always been most anxious to ci cept tho friendly offices of France , and that if BW . H Gros had not . chosen to break off the negotiation ? B and leave Greece so precipitately , upon Apfed'H the settlement of the dispute would have been " cor eluded on the basis of the French mediation kM \ M . Drouyn de L'Huys was merely accredited hi England for the special purpose of that mediation I his recall was a matter of course as soon as tbill negotiations were from any cause broken off . II ABOLITION OF THE VlCEROYALIY OF ISEUXB ¦ —Lord J . Rossell then moved for leave til bring in a bill to abolish the Viceroyalty oflreiandH and create a new secretaryship of state ' for the ab I ministration of Irish affairs . The ultimate accom . Bl

      plishment of this step , he explaiised , had been fc I tended ever since the appointment of the Earl c » ' I Clarendon to the Lord-Lieutenancy , and was posj . I poned until the condition of tho country appeared I to warrant it . For the purposes of government thj I inconvenience was greatly felt of the want oj I oval communication between the Irish esecutm I and the other departments of administration , I and of the waiting for replies by letter till all questions respecting Irish affairs that miglj II be asked in Parliament . To Ireland herd I the advantage would be still greater of having i II responsible minister at the seat of the general » c I

      vernment , and present in tho imperial legislature . I Prefacing the details with the announcement that a M residence would be kept up for the Queen in ttf PhoenisPark , where the Joyal reception given ti her Majesty last year would induce her to . repeal her visit at all convenient times , Lord J . tee ! stated that the bill ho was asking leave to bring k would enact , that the Queen might at any tuna thereafter issue an order in council for theabolife ofthe Lord-Lieutenancy , and would confer powers to appoint a fourth Secretary of State for the responsible administration of the Irish executive government . His lordship then passed a bi » h

      encomium upon the Earl of Clarendon , for his admirable conduct under contingencies of singular dint culty , and after recapitulating the reasons he hi already urged , to prove that the measure to m judicious , timely , and safe , concluded by movingfoi leave to bring in the bill . Mr .. Grattan indignantly denounced the insuli that had been inflicted upon Ireland by the omission of all notice of so important a measure from tin I royal speech at the opening of the session . Hepro I ceeded at great length to show that this insult Mi I of a piece with the conduct England had pursued I

      for centuries towards the sister island , which had I crushed her prosperity and reduced her people to I traitors and vagabonds . I Mr . Grogan , Mr . M . J . O'Cosnell , Sir L . I O'Brien , and Mr . Reynolds opposed it ; and after I a long discussion the house divided : — For leave to bring in the bill 170 ., Against 17—lw Estimates . —On the motion of the Cdakckuob w tho Exchequer , the house resolved itself into , a committee of supply . The required votes having been taken , tho house adjourned till Thursday next .

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      English " Specimens" for the Pacha o ? Eoypi . —Among the " passengers" by the Inflow which left Southampton on Monday , for Alexandria with the India mail , were twelve horses ; tm ponie 3 , five dogs , about twenty pheasants , four swans , half a dozen rabbits , and as many barndoor fowls , all of which were purchased in this country at ah enormous expense for the Pacha of EgJP ' Tho whole of tho United Kingdom has beenransacked to get the choicest specimens of the various animals , which the Pacha required . A number » persons . went out to Egypt in the Indus to » charge of the animals and birds during the fft » Tho horses were ofthe race-horse breed . Onoo them , a very fine animal , cost eight hun orw guineas . The ponies were Shetland , and w » beautiful little creatures . They were remarKaw for their diminutive size and their resemblance on * to another in height , colour , 4 c . The swans «» black , and noble looking birds . The pheasants ^ great curiosities ; on account of the variety » beauty of their plumage . " The rabbits were ws » bred , and had all the points most esteemed by ^ ciers . The male domestic fowls were as fine sp mens of tho British chanticleer as wero evera ( 5 The greatest curiosity , however , in the whole s lection were two bulldogs . They were thoro » s bred , and so fierce and ugly that scores of P °° who went to look at them recoiled for a nio ^" with surprise and fear . The bulldogs were f « t « jj to the decks with massive chains , but one of v » broke his chain easily and killed some poultry . . hen-coop before ho could be secured . TwoW " would scarcely be more daneerous to encou ^

      They would have made admirable models ^ painter about todescribo the legendary CcrW ^ whom tho poets describe as guarding the entf"" ^ to the infernal regions . u New Inclosure Act . —The Now Inclosuro fjl which received the Royal assent on Friday , ^ t . been printed . The following inclosures are sp ^ L ised to be proceeded with : — Llarihedry- « ' . Carnarvon ; Caerhyn , in Carnarvon : Jmoor , and llardcastle-moor , in Yor k ; S ^ i . S forest , part of , in Mansfield , Nottingham . ; T » 'L . in Surrey ; Weston Subedge . in Gloucester [ % shalton and Worlington , in Surrey ; TtowstoK ^ Somerset ; DalburyLees-green , inDr , r \> J ; V " , . oommon , in Westmoreland ; Caterh . am , in fa " ! U : ? ui in

      uam-Qiu , . uevoa ; unurcnstr . nton , ' ^ . vjj Penn , ia Bucks ; Little Missfjnden in f" is Swinmore . common , in Herefo '; d ; StovmS ' j ^ t Sussex ; Nutbourne-common , in Sussex ; *{» jj cum-Newton , in Monmouth . South W'S , Norfolk : and Alnwiok-moo / m Northuinber lllu fo Thb Potato Diskase in f f 0 Bceb Tobxb 3 ; " j regret to state , that the ; potato disease is * , * manifesting its 6 ymptoBr iS in this locality- Lt e 3 this week the Earl of jR 08 ae > gardener P ^ jcli aomo speoimensof net , potatoes ^ ur ofwfL tba were entirely infeotr ^^; o , havmg JeJ ., appearance of the \ ate ^ demio . ' The Bpfjin however , were cr , ( tiTatJunder g ia 3 S , t \ d ^ open exposure .- * King > Comtv chroniM- ^

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      • tfW ' rtUiunter . forthePwprietor , ^^ ° T ^ g < ; M . r ., and published % j the « id WttH ^ S * *^ i » Office , in &o name street ttd . W * 11-''

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      " ~ v . ¦ - ' 8 THE NORTHERN STAR . Way 25 w

      Ta Ss-S- -Nuiam Rider, Ofko. 5, Tt^Tpw" P M!? T /Illiam Rideil, Ofko. 5, Macd«Fi&

      ta SS-S- -nUIAM RIDER , ofKo . 5 , tt ^ TpW " P M !? T / ILLIAM RIDEIl , ofKo . 5 , Macd « fi&

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), May 25, 1850, page 8, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1575/page/8/