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Northern Star (1837-1852), 20th April 1850, Edition 1 of 3, Page 5, Untitled Article

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    • MEETING AT JOHN-STREET
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      Untitled Article

      , ' : ^ —IBTgERS ; ' ''"'"' ¦ . "V ::. v TO THE WORKDifG ( CLASSES . ¦ < LXXXIY . % sffini!— Ekedew- ^ npdn a thought , produces « it *« nica makes thousands , perhaps million * ^ S- _____ ¦ :- _ - «««* THE TAXES ON KNOWLEDGE . PARLIAMEN TARY REFORM . . . ^ . -,, ;; :: ; :., r

      «_ nTg £ B pROLBTABUTJS , - ^ 1 V does the Commons' House of ? Condescend to discuss questions , parUamen- ^ the veil-being of the ^ i -wmmon people . " On Tuesday go-ca " " , wcverj " honourable gentlemen " J » S * ' t i , n « rn an assassin and Tisnrer ,-was ( BEtn ^ » „«„ man ! " ) so far departed from " * 3 S ? 2 £ * *» A-ffi to diScnS 8 a their ordl fonn , -whicli they were pre-demeasfl ®* ' tto accord . On that evening , Mr . jenmnc 1 " s * s long-deferred motion for jjjtSEE V ^ g detestable Taxes on Knowtherepea 1 0 nder ^ consideration of the Nfeft ° fl wisdom . " The mover , and his sej Air CWA 3 ) i % exposed theinjusconaer I- * tQ ^ e community of the # **? thev proposed to abolish . It was wiw 1 1 ii

      * ^ lateral " .,. ^ . ,, * . fuA „ - „ -- j nf » jercrai w ^ dispute , { hat the paper dot y jhown , P ? J ' orements fo ^ arficle wMch ^ SiSrise have long sincebeen effected , i wfit of producer and consumer ; that ^ o -tha almost put an end to the « - ( W rTj ; Lper-it " being impossible for P * J ^ rik- taxed manufacturers to compete * U o' BgHjr-i « 4 i « p » i nf the Continent and America ; and ^ Ti ^ rcat bartothe publication offirsti Mture , at a p rice within the means of ^ 2 It vas affinncd-by those com-Sr ^ an opiniononae subject-that vast

      &pcal of the duty would oe a oenens X people , bofli as regards their physica JJbLJ and intellectual advancement ; it go ^ derstood ihat the removal merely of S paper tar would ^ ve employment to forty lonsanfl persons in London alone , andenable \ 3 j 5 sher » to preface a class of publications Sr fr nerfed , to compete with the degrading productions of the existing " cheap and nasty " ^ The penny stamp-tax was shown to be nnna ll / inflicted , and capriciously enforced , Sere teiDg iQ the Metropolis fiffy-three publications reg istered as newspapers , permitted to

      Tjubfisfa portions of their impressions -without a « tanip , and the remainder with a stamp , in ariler to g ive the stamped portion { he p rivilege f free transmission , through the Post-office . 3 lr . Giusox claimed for acknowledged newspapers the same facility of using , or not using , ibestanip for postage purposes . It was shown , conclusively , that the stamp , as at present imposedp ' revents the publication of cheap

      , newspapers , thereby subjecting the working classes to the baneful influencs of the disgusting trash provided by speculators in literary GJaL The arguments that have been prelionsly gone over in this paper relative to the adrertisement duty , and on foreign books , Vere repeated ; and , altogether , a case perfectly unanswerable was made onf j for the total arid immediate repeal of these iniquitous

      ! Ehai the case of Mr . Gibson and his friends was unanswerable , was amply proved by the speeches of their opponents . Anything like a fair argument against the repeal was not given utterance to , either by the Chancellor of the Exchequer or Lord John Russell . The sole "round of their resistance to the motion MKs ^ ikeneces&ty for keeping up tie existing taxation , in order to secure the preservation of

      our " glorious institutions , " and "keep faith irith the public creditor . "' The plain English < jf this is , that the people must be kept in ignorance , that restrictions upon commerce and trade must be continued , —and thousands of the working classes denied the opportunity « acquiring sustenance by their labonr , in order to ensure to the Chancellor of the HxCHQErEK the means of glutting the rapacious appetites of heartless tax-eaters .

      It is strange that Lord John Russell and his friends will persist in the suicidal course of warningifcecountry againstParliamentaryand Enanefal Beform , lest such reform should lead to " repudiation . " The noble Lord ' s warnings are actually setting the people reflecting on this verv ticklish question of repudiation . Manv people are beginning to think , that of two evils , political davery and grinding taxation on the one hand , and the sponge on the other , that the latter wonld be by far the lea « t injurious . The opinion is also gaining

      ground , that knowledge taxes , a light and health tax , and exactions of the most shameftl kind on- articles of prime necessity , constitute a charge far exceeding the worth of our " glorious institutions . " In short , people fegin to tiiinTr that they are paying too dear for their whistle , and that they had better part with that whistle , than be at the expense of keeping it . It is true , Lord John avers , that " the men of England have their hearts full of loyalty . " This may l > e true of

      himself , and those who profit by the existing system ; but I can assure " his Lordship , " liat men with stomachs only half filled , and pockets entirely empty , have hut little loysJty in their hearte—precious little regard for " public faith "—and the smallest possible amount of veneration for those institutions which have made England ( Lord ! how some men are given to lying '•) "the admiration of the world , and the envy of surrounding cations . "

      On the House dividing , there voted for that portion of the motion declaratory of thenecesaty of repealing the paper duty , 89 ; again 3 t it , 190 ; being a majority of 101 for perpetuating ignorance , and preventing the eml % ment of capital and labour . The other portions of the motion relating to the stamptar , the duty on advertisements and foreign books , were negatived without a division .

      It is to be regretted that our moderate reform friends never set themselves to the performance of a popular duty , but they contrive to botch their work in some way or other . Lately Mr . Joseph Hume , when introducing tis "little Charter , " andwhileengagedin firing Ks broad-side intotheMinistry , must need pour a ToUey of small shot into his Chartist friends . On Tuesday night Mr . Gibson , who otherwise delivered a very good speech , went out of his ^ ay to denounce some of the unstamped papers . The charge he brought against them , tamel y , of imputing unworthiness to the Parliament and Government , my readers will consider as constituting their best claim to public sympathy and support .

      What is to be done ? A thoroughl y Free Press must be had , no matter what the toil and cost . The Ifewspaper-Stamp-Abolition Committee have resolved to single ont the Stamp-tax for the purpose of directing public attention to its iniquity and mischievous tendency , -with the view of forcing its repeal . - ^ Tee-fourths of the petitions on this question , recently sent to the House , demanded tie repeal of the whole of the Taxes on Knowle % j . The Committee now recommend the adoption of the Mowing form of petition , ^ ti ng special reference to the Stamp-tax alone .

      To the Honourable tfee Honse of Coannons , in Parliament SHsaaaMfia , the Petition of the Undersigned , SswhoT 6 mSttt tbdr Descri P ° a *" locality- ) THAT ' the Penny Stamp on Xeropapas , by raising their ^^ "Sffi ^ S ^ ^ SrsA limfi the That , aecMding to a retam laidj made to your Hononr-* teHnm . » « H » ear 8 that fifty-tteee « pstold News ^ - J ^ reanlttedtoiSinifia j > crfon tf tteir impress ^ TonrPetitioners , therefore , prej ibatyour Hononrable « rase uiU concede fins pnvaege to aH Kern-papers , ana atofidi foe compnlMiyTennj Stamp . *"** = > •""» Jlsd tot * Peteuosies « m « £ » Y&n , .

      , « asibnnof Petition most be eojoedin writing , ana the J f * . sheet nmit be signed fcj the pindpal promoters of "Mftfiaaaj nerj fenca epto $ jtebouU state Us w

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      fcername-andaddres « lit may then Wdirtirted . open at ' thesiae * ,. to aiij Liberal Member of the House of Commons who iffflrecoreilipiDBt free . : . : t ' To ; myfinends , who cannot be more sick of petitioning ihan I am , ' it may be necessary . to say , that the Committee ' s recommendation is needed to enlighten public opinion , " and prepare the popular mind for more efficient action . We must have , a Tree Pr « ss , but men wiiling to suffer tofl and persecution in pursuit ' of that object must have the support of public opinion , otherwise their efforts will be thrown away , and their sacrifices be unproductive of the desired consummation . fcwhJmirand - MSawTl Jt'a ^ -- « ii » n ' --i ^ j :- > ia . j | - - A-. ¦ ¦

      In calling npon the people to petition , I at the same time call upon the Newspaper-Stamp-Abolition Committee to come boldly before the public , and appeal to the people through the medium of public meetings . It has been well said , that " revolutions are not made with rose-water ; " and it may be as truly asserted , that some means besides petitioning will have to be tried , before the people of this country "will enjoy the inestimable blessing of a cheap , free , —an untaxed , and unfettered Press .

      Undismayed by the vote of a knowledgehating Parliamentary majority—a majority which as much represents the people of this country , as does the knout-loring-press-liating tyrant of Eussia;—let the cry be sounded , from John O * Groats to the Lands' End , — DOWN WITH THE TAXES ON KNOWLEDGE . Sir Joshua Walxisley and hi 3 friends have summoned a Conference to assemble in London on Tuesday next , to devise means for carrying out the objects of the Parliamentary Eeform Association . It is to he hoped that the gentlemen attending that Conference will

      see the propriety of amendmgtheirprogranime , so as in effect to transform their little Charter into the Charter of the People ' s adoption . The Parliamentary Reformers , if possessing common sense'mustby this time have become convinced , that it is in vain for them to hope to move the people unless they take up principles to which the people's ^ sympathies are weded . It has been the " artfiil dodge" of certain parties , who doubfless have their own purpose to serve , to insinuate , and indeed assert , that the Democrats desired to prevent a combination of the middle and working class . The

      assertion is false . Let the middle class reformers give proof of their sincerity , and that union may be at once effected . The proof demanded is simple enough . Let them recog * nise the entire of their fellow countrymen , as equal claimants with themselves to that which is the right of all—self-government The adoption of the principles of the People ' s Charter , at the forthcoming Conference , will at once remove all obstacles to union . Independent of the question of principle , the

      Democrats cannot understand the policy of getting np a great agitation , and plunging the country into a state of excitement , . perhaps revolution—for the purpose merely of extending the franchise to a portion of the people , rendering the repetition of the same process necessary at a future tune , for a further extension of the right of voting . The Democrats desire to have a movement to settle the Suffrage question , and such a movement the union of the middle and worldng classes would at once call into existence . Further comment

      on this subject is for the present unnecessary . On Sir Joshua "WALMSLTand his friends , rests the responsibility of determining the question as to the establishment of that union which would be effective for obtaining area ! Radical Eeform of the Commons' House of Parliament . L'AMIDUPEUPLE . APKIL 18 th , 1850 .

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      GPvEAT CHARTIST MEETING AT

      GEEENWICH . A crowded meeting , convened by the Provi sional Committee of the National Charter Association , was held on Monday night , in the Lecture-hall . Mr . Floyd ( an elector of the borough ) having been called to the chair , commenced the business by soliciting an impartial hearing for all parties . He looked to politics as the means to solve social problems . For himself , he had held the franchise for seven years , or rather his house had —( laughter)—and his desire was , that it should be conferred on every man , instead of , as it now is , to bricks and mortar . ( Loud cheere . )

      Mr . Joseph Mobgan ( an elector ) moved the following : —" That , as class antagonism , gross anomalies , andmonstrous inequalities , are the results of the present system of legislation , and being fully confident that the only means whereby this system can be removed , and the condition of the toiling masses politicall y and socially elevated is , by the enactment of the document called the 'People ' s Charter ; ' this meeting , therefore , resolves to agitate until that measure becomes the law of the land , and the whole people are made happy and prosperous . " Mr . Morgan said he was one of those who looked to social results from the adoption of that resolution . He was a producer of wealth , and felt that he had not his share in its consumption . He believed that

      more persons had been murdered within the last twenty years by an infernal anti-social system , than had been by the devastating demon of war . ( Cheers . ) Look at the wretched , miserable condition of the wealth producerspositively begging leave to go toil in foreign lands , whilst millions of fertile land lie uncultivated at home . He thought it worse than folly to expend money in the expatriation of human beings , when they might be so profitably employed in their own dear native land . ( Cheers . ) The resolution he had the honour to submit , pointed out the means to entirely free the people from the despotism of all classes ; and it certainly was to be done through the medium of the People's Charter . ( Hear , hear . ) There could be no man who did not wish to be within the ark of the

      constitution . He thought the major portion of the newspaper press had acted badly by the people in so grossly misrepresenting them . He conceived the true sbcial position of man was , that he should enjoy the whole profit resulting from his labour . ( Cheers . ) What cared the capitalists for the workmen ? They knew that the greater the competition for work , the larger was the amonnt of profit derived by them : and if their system drove the oppressed

      workman to crime—why , they had the policeman , the prison , and the hulks for him . ( Applause . ) The masses were victims to this system only because they did not discuss and weigh well their political rights and social privileges . It was not the desire of the Chartists to oppress any class , hut to prevent all or any class from oppressing them for the future . ( Loud cheering . ) Mr . Robinson seconded the motion .

      Mr . G . W . M . Beykolds was then introduced , and received a right hearty welcome . Ee expressed his pleasure in standing before them the champion of principles they had the good sense so duly to appreciate . ( Loud cheers . ) He knew that when they asked for the Charter then- demand was met on the threshold with " Oh , the people are too ignorant ;" but were not the assertera of tbis ignorance aware , that time had been when the representatives of the people could neither read or write , as education was then confined to the priesthood ? ( Hear , hear . ) But , ignorancehad nothing to do with the questionit was the increasing intelligence of the people that was dreaded . ( Hear , hear . ) The working classes

      had invariably been the pioneers of all good works , and the Charter once obtained the first duty of their representatives would be , to cleanse the Augean stable of the filth which aristocratic rulers had been heaping up for centuries . It might he asked , where are the proofs of your wrongs ! He pointed to their sea-girt isle , to their colonies , to reland , and asked , were they well governed ? Did not discontent , pauperism , misery , and wretchedness prevail to am awful extent ? Were not theworkhouses , prisons , and hulks overflowing , whilst the land was fruitful , and granaries were overladen ? Loud cheers . ) Mr . Eeynolds then elMuentiy aluded to the patriotic and humane dealing of the people -iritb ftw oppressors , during the roYOiu

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      tionary fera of ; 18 i 8 ,, to ahownthat the . people : were not the sangumaryjnonsters their tyrants delighted to . depict them ., ; . Wptdd . that , he could aay as much for . their oppressors , who , the moment they resumed the reins of ppyirer , resuscitated , the political soaffold , and . twirled , ; the whi p round innocent womori ' s backs , in the midst of their public streets . ( Shame , shame . ) , Such ; were the : fiendsvwho libelled and grossly maligned a great , generous , and-humane people—the bw «© proletarians bf Europe—by deeignating them " a base and blood y democracy ?' ( Loud cheers . ) , Englishmen were not behind their continental brethern in intelligence , humanity or patriotism . The nations were , looking to Prance mostanxiously . and England was hopefully watchine ... ; :. : . •' ; . - . ; . - » -Y' - *« - - ¦ *

      tne aavent oi Jiernoertj . They fortunately did not require physical convulsions in this country although determined to obtain their political lights and social pmiliges , they had and would employ strictly legal means to obtain them . ( Cheers ) What is the narrow contracted mind of an immoral aristocracy when compared with the broad expansive 30 U 1 of the working classes ? From the latter sprino their men of business-of great talent too- of verit ° - able virtue—men , vhose brilliant eloquence and sterling worth , put tho depraved perfumed aristoorat to the blush ; men who dare assert their political rights , and vindicate their social privileges ( Cheers . ) Mr . Eeynolds then most nersDicuouslv

      elucidated tne several points of the People's Charter , clearly demonstrating it to be one of the most perfect electoral machines ever submitted to the inspection of an intelligent people , and was rapturously applauded . lie conceived that the middle classes and the aristocracy were nearly on a par as regarded tyranny , and consequently that the working classes should have the opportunity of repre sentmg themselves . ( Loud cheers . ) Mr . Reynolds then called on all to join the National Charter Association , and thereby establish their political rights—vindicate their social privileges—and having so done , then could they claim to be the noblest and freest people on the face of the earth . ( Loud cheers . )

      The Chairman next introduced Brontebre 0 Ekiex amidst rapturous applause , who commenced by asking , if the people were as ignorant as they were represented to be , what ¦ sort of institutions were they living under that permitted such a state of thing 3 ? The late Mr . Cpbbett had said , if a net was thrown across Fleet street , and they were to take the first 658 that were caught , those 058 could not be worse than their representatives in St . Stephens . ( Hear , hear . ) He , ( Mr . O'Brien ) undertook to say it was impossible to find a worse . He would tell them it was a lying Parliament : —first it called itself " the House of

      Commons —whereas the Commons of England were not represented there at all . Secondly : its chairman was called the speaker , when he was the very man that did not speak at all —( laughter and loud cheers)—and he supposed when they passed the New Poor Law Bill , that was " short commons" for the people . ( Laughter and cheers . ) He did not know if the " Upper House" was much better—one portion of it—the bench of bishops every Sunday called themselves " miserable sinners , " ( laughter ) ; and as he out of respect would rather take their word in preference to anybody else , why he believed them to be " miserable sinners , "—( laughter)—and he also quite concurred with their prayer—" Lord have merey on us "—

      for if he did not , he ( Mr . OBrien ) did not know who would by-and-bye , ( Loud laughter and great cheering ) . These two powers— " tho Lords and Commons" — or more properly speaking , the landlords and fundholders — dared to call things such as land , mines , fisheries , &c , &c , and which are really and truly the people ' s —the Queen ' s—meaning thereby their owp , as they have deprived the Queen of everything save and except what they please to dole out to her ; and be it known , that everything in the same way is the Queen ' s , save the National Debt , and that , of course , is the people ' s . ( Laughter and applause . ) It appeared impossible that the " honourable " bouse could proceed on any business without lying .

      One section of it called itself Conservative , whilst its whole business appeared to be to destroy those who cared for and sought the welfare of the peeple . ( Loud cheers . ) Then another section was called " Liberal . " Oh ! let them prick their ears ,-and be alarmed immediately they heard the sound of " Liberal . " Let them remember that they never heard of the damnable Poor Law Bill until the Liberals came into power . A Poor Law Commissioner went down to Gloucester , and pretended to live for a month on the Poor Law diet , and said he never was so well in his life . If that were so , why did he not continue that way—living and doing well upon Is . llfd . per week ? Why did he come back and take £ 1 , 200 per annum ? ( Cheers . ) Their

      excellent friend , the late Augustus Beaumont , once told him a tale of Liberalism : — " A planter in Jamaica had a slave called Quashee . Sometimes , Quashee would not work very well . ' Quashee , ' said the planter , 'if you don't work I'll sell you to a Scotchman . ' ( Laughter . ) This had the desired effect for a day , and Quashee relapsed into his former habits of ease . The planter returned , and shouted , ' Quashee , if you don't mend your pace , I'll sell you to a Jew . ' Quashee , at this , worked well for a week , and again relapsed . The planter this time said , in harsher terms , ' Qunshee , if you don't work as you should do , flog me if I don't sell you to a Liberal . ' Quashee , ' at this , jumped up , and said , Oh ! pray , massa

      don t sell tyuasnee to a . Jjioeral , and Quashee work like de bery devil . " ( Boars of laughter , and great applause . ) Mr . O'Brien here gave a heart-rending description of Wiltshire labourers , and said they had recently endeavoured to take their affairs into their own hands , but making the attempt sectionally they hadlfailed , and their leaders , for following the advice of Sir Robert Peel , were sent to prison . He knew it was said that Parliament could not control these things , but he ( Mr . O'Brien ) knew full well that Parliament could , and did make laws to regulate land and machinery . Parliamentary staticians had told them that the average duration of human life amongst workmen was seventeen years , whilst tbat of the non-producers- was thirty-eight years ,

      double , and four years over . There must be some foul play here , or the workman never could be robbed of more than half his years , and tbat too the best half . ( Hear , hear . ) It was said that they did not want reform in Parliament , because the people had benevolent men there already . There were Disraeli —( laughter)—Cobden , and John Bright , who by tho bye was not always Bright John . ( Laughter . ) Some pseudo reformers had told them tbat the Reform Jiill would reduce taxation and relieve their difficulties ; but himself and their friend the late Henry Hunt , had told them differently ; and they were right , for he was now ready to prove tbat the debt called National had been doubled since the Battle of Waterloo—he did not mean that the

      number of figares were increased to twice the amount , but by alteration of the currency , the money then due would buy or purchase twice as many goods as it would when lent . ( Loud cheers . ) " Lord John" assigned for his reasons for not granting the Charter . First : that the people would repeal the . New Poor Law ; of course they would repeal the " New Poor Law . " Second : that they would repudiate " The National Debt . " This money was borrowed to keep down Republicanism in America and France , and was got up by the landlords and fundlords . Now the English law said , when a man died without assets , his son was not bound to pay his debts ; and if time would permit , he ( Mr . O'Brien ) would undertake to prove that the people never bad any assets , and consequently , according to English laws , were not bound to pay their forefathers'debts . ( Loud cheers . ) As to the

      two sections in the house—Peelites and Itusselites , he was puzzled to find any difference between them . This reminded him of a lady asking a gentleman a question , viz ., what was the difference between a Solicitor and an Attorney ? He was bothered ; at last he replied , precisely the same as that between " a crocodile and ' an alligator . " ( Laughter . ) Disraeli had taunted Cobden with robbing the country of ninety-two millions of money ; whilst the Free Traders replied , that by their Free Trade they had saved the country ninety-one millions ; well , as the Free Traders called themselves the country , it mattered very little to the people which set of thieves had it . ( Cheers . ) ^ The great fault of the people lay in their acceptfng promises from those men , instead of demanding power to do their business for themselves . Let them listen no more to their juggles , but demand the power of doing their own business . ( Tremendous cheering . )

      The resolution was then put , and carried unanimously . Mr . Enticott , in a few words , proposed the second resolution , as follows : — " That this meeting , having full and implicit confidence in the Provisional Committee of the National Charter Association , hereby agrees to form a locality of the said association , for this borough , and hereby appoint tho following persons to act as a committee , vi 2 . — Messrs . Morgan , Floyd , Robinson , Lever , Sweetlove , Enticott , and Paris . " Mr . Hodge seconded the motion .

      Walter Cooper rose to support the resolution , and was hailed with loud cheers . He said , doubtleBs there were some present who had not been in the habit of attending Chartist meetings , and wno might have heard Chartism identified with everything that was mean and contemptible ; but there was no argument in calling names ; and it should be remembered , that some of tbe best of men had been persecuted and put to death for advocating good principles . ( Cheers . ) He knew it might be asked , what have the people to grumble about ? He answered—the laws are class-made laws , and worked badly . ( Cheers . ) He thought it wrong that the people should be the source of the wealth and power of the country , and yet be without a voice in making its laws . ( Loud cheers . ) Theirs was a fertile » ou ; they possessed great mech anical power , and abundance of wealth in the , bowels of the earth—they had eyery thing that should constitute a rich and powerful people , and yet , with

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      tt ^ gts ^ i ^ rbs nrS for « n ^ A ^ Uding ^ up happiness and pros-P nftJ » (( ? reat Peering ) Again ; thoy W hnff fSV * P « n « hing frime , Instead . of S , pfS , S T " . } 1 in education . Vet with all nfliriof iJ ° the " Sea-girt Isle ; " it was / % Sq ? K ? l ? ' of Milt ° > and of Newton . Cheers ) But , ob , how must he feel , when ho ™ - __

      HrHhf th / Jr £ pidIy de ^ nerating to the standard of the ape-when he reflected on the state of P r ? S ^ U sih PV T ' / ndmi 3 er J ^ was £ toSl this was the result of civilisation ; but Fraser ' s-a Tory , marainw-Mid , "Well , if this be Uic work <* . ™ }^ ° > ils the ™ rk of the devil , and to hell with it . ( Iremendous cheering . ) Ho reiterated that cry . In the name of God and humanity he said , whilst such things last their should be no peace . He thought he heard some one say , what then do you want ? He replied better food , better clothing , and better laws to bring them ' back when they go wrong . Let no ono SUppose that char . tism meant robbery or spoliation , or that any one becomes a Chartist for the mere fun ofthBthinj ? .

      Well , then , come brothers—for they were all brothers—come , help to gain your rights and li . berties , and whilst the aristocracy are blamed , let them not forget themselves-begin reform at home . He trusted they would form a locality of tbe National Charter Association there , and prosper . He gloried in being a working man ; and if there was ono of the aristocracy or middle class there , he would tell such men that lus order of bygone days was prolific of great and good men , and that at the present day they bad a modern Milton in Thomas Cooper . ( Loudcheers . ) Then , 'ho said , get understanding , get knowledge , be prepared for the coming struggle , for a struggle there undoubtedl y would be—notthat the working classes wished by physical force to raze

      to the ground the altar and the throne ; nor because they would prefer by the spread of knowledge to remove its basis ; and when they fell , depend on it they never would be built again . ( Loud cheers . ) The aristocracy had found out the respectability of the " lower orders " of the people—they had commenced toasting working men ; this caused him to laugh " , and in hisfoy , to sing with Burns , " A prince can mak a belted knight , A Marquis , Duke , and a * that ; "But an honest man ' s aboon his might , Guid faith , he mauna fa' tbat ! For a ' that , and a ' that , Their dignities , ana a' that , The pith o' sense and pride o' worth , hi

      Are gher ranks than a' that . He would rather be the despised Chartist than a despicable lordling—rather toil on to make the world a better one . Good men had gone before and paved the way for them ; thanks to their fathers who fought at Marston-moor—thanks to the mon who have stood the block arid the gibbet for thorn ; England of that day raised for them the block and the gibbet , while England of / the present day spares them a niche in the Temple of Fame , and erects monuments to their memories . ( Tremendous cheering . ) ; . The resolution was put , and carried unanimously . A vote of thanks was given to tho Chairman , and the meeting separated , evidently delighted with the evening ' s proceedings .

      Meeting At John-Street

      MEETING AT JOHN-STREET

      The Provisional Committee of the National Charter Association continue their series of Tuesday evening meetings ^ , with undeviating success , at the Literary and Scientific Institution , John-street , Fitzroy-square . At the meeting on Tuesday evening , April the 16 tli , Mr . Thomas Brown was called to the chair and said , they had met at a most important time ; the Whig ministry had been beaten on several occasions —( hear , hear )—and now was the time to take advantage of the disunion in Parliament to upset the Whigs , cause a dissolution of Parliament , and an appeal to the country , and thus furnish a legitimate opportunity to the working classes to give vent to their opinions . ( Loud applause ) .

      Mr . G-. W . M . Reynolds came forward , amidst rapturous applause , to move the following resolution : — "That as the Whig ministry has latel y been subjected to several defeats , and as it does not appear to be inclined to retire from office accord / Dg to the so called constitutional forms of the legislature , this meeting is © f opinion that no worse set of men could possibly be in power , and therefore calls upon the ministry to appeal to the ' country , with a view of testing public opinion . ' ' Air . Reynolds said , it was important to observe , that ministers invariably met with two or three minor defeats before the grand

      clash came . The Whigs were tenacious of office . When the Tories were in power , if left in a minority on a division , they invariably resigned ; but the Whigs , in pecuniary circumstances , appeared to be poorer , and consequently clung to place and power . ( Hear , hear . ) The concoctors of the resolution did not wish or intend any insult to tho meeting , knowing , as they did , that the working classes had no power to elect a new Parliament ; but they felt that a dissolution would give them the opportunity of holding grand demonstrations , of putting forth their sentiments , and letting the candidates know , ; what they wanted ,

      and by this . means even reaching the ear of Majesty with their grievances . An old adage says , " When rogues fall out , honest men come by their own . " When Sir Robert Peel went out of office at the time of the passing of- the act for repealing the Corn Laws , he had a party-of about one hundred and twenty supporters ; thii would have formed a nice little nucleus in which to have based an official party , but these ,, tired of waiting for the ministerial table , had dwindled down to about fifty , and consequently it would be impossible for him to hold power as a minister , hence there appeared no alternative but Lord Stanley ; and if he came into power he would put the

      most odious rampant Toryism into practice—would put down the meetings of the working classes—rgag the Press , and send the leaders of the people to Srison . He did not believe that the Tories would are raise the political scaffold—not because of any humanity which existed in the breasts of the aristocracy , but simply because public opinion was too enlightened for it , ( Hear , hear , ) He thought the English . constitution the worst of all to live under , and that it would be better to be under the Autocrat of Russia ; for there they , would have but one tyrant , and here they Tiad ten thousand , with just sufficient liberty to blind the eyes of those who were unwilling to look far enough . He knew the

      aristocracy were nothing without the people , that the people produced all the necessary elegancies and luxuries they enjoyed , and for which the producers scarce received ordinary thanks , and are arrogantly told that they have no rights , that they are serfs and slaves , made expressly to furnish forth their comforts and enjoyments , ( Cheers , ) He should like to see a general election at the present time , even if it did not let in tbe Protectionists . Better have a reactionary than a stand still ministry ; and sure he was , if they had Stanley and Disraeli , they would have such tyranny as was not known since the days of Castlereagh . This would bind the people together , and draw them into the ranks of the National Charter Association . It was

      not possible for the . toiling millions to be much worse off . Then let the days of tyranny come ; this would cause the people to reflect on the days of primitive freedom ,, and cause them to declare that they would suspend all labour until they were as free as when . God gave them the earth for an inheritance . ( Loud . cheers . ) He knew that all present were Chartists at heart , but times required that they should be active Chartists . He did . not ask them to resort to insurrection , but to adopt all the peaceable , legal , and constitution ^ means in their power . " The nations of the continent had never risen until goaded by their oppressors , and then they possessed 'all the capitals iu Europe , and

      be believed , that before six months more had elapsed , they irould again be in possession of them . ( Cheering . ) Witness the signs of tho . times as showed in France ; whole regiments had left their arms in the barracks , and marched through the towns , shouting Vive la Jtepublique Democratique et Sociale—( Cheers)—and the same thing would soon happen in Paris . Then would the insurrection commence and be carried on triumphantly to victory , "When he was not at his post there on Tuesday evening , he wished it to he understood that he was engaged elsewhere in tho cause . He had been unable to attend , there either last Tuesday or

      the Tuesday previous , and Mr . O'Connor , for whom he held the highest respect—as he believed no man had ever moved such a mass of mind ashe had—had deprecated Socialism and Communism . ( Hear . ) With all deference to Mr . 0 ' Connor , ho differed with him on this matter ; and he did not wish to deceive himself or that meeting , and hence he told them he would not stir a pm ' s point for the Charter , unless it was looked at as a means to a great social end . He now possessed two votes , but did not know that he should use either in the event of an election , unless it bo happened that a thoroughgoing CfawtiaS stood for either plage , Hence , be

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      would not give a fig for mere abstract ri ghts . What they , wanted was , that labour should be fairly remunerated—that A . B . C , and so onj should all contribute , by the labour of their hands or their heaaVand enjoy in equitable proportion .- He : had been denounced . by certain portions of the press —by iGavan Duffy , of the Aation—by the John JSttW- ^ and by the Times , simply because he adv ' or , eatod the doctrine called " Socialism ; " but lie said if thus cordially desiring to better the sooial condition of his fellow-men brought on revilings—by heavens ! he delighted to be so reviled . ( Hear , hear . ) He declared himself emphatically in favour of Socialism ; and what ho now possessed—or whatever henceforth he might glean—the moment

      Socialism was established , he should bo delighted to say , " Here , take this property , and divide it amongst the human family . " ( Checvs . ) Those were his own conscientious feelings and convictions ; but he was not for spoliation , or from taking by violence from those who already possessed wealth . He was for passing laws by moans of tho Charter , that should gradually effect tho change , until the present anti-social system was entirely eradicated , and a new and a happier one established . His friend , Mr . O'Connor , had also deprecated the interfering withforeign politics ; but , he asked , why should they not point to the deeds of heroism , exhibited on the continent , as memorable examples ? Would it not be well for them to point to nnble Kossuth , and say , see what he has done for Hungary , and shall he not do it

      again ? Should they not point to Mazzini , and bid their children admire his virtues and heroism ? Did they not point to Hampden , to Wallace , to Micchol , and Meagher ? And if they might laud the patriots of England , Scotland and Ireland , why not reverence tho noble heroes and martyrs of Franco—the Ledru Rollins , the Louis Blancs , and Barbos ? Ho trusted thoy should hear no move of not interfering with foreign politics , as most assuredly tho ball of democracy would again roll over Europe , and then the thrones and rulo of Kings would bo broken , never again to be restored . The Chairman said , after the eloquent and oxcclcnt speech of Mr . Keynolds , ho trusted they would hear no more ' of the matter as regards the difference between the lenders relative to Socialism and foreign politics ; let each express-their separato opinions , hear all , and judge for themselves . : '

      Mr . J . Guassby said , he had great pleasure in seconding the motion ; . a more imbecile sot of ministers never existed than the present—they wanted a ministry with some pluck in them , who , if they did not please tho people might rise the ire of the democracy , and cause it to act . ( Loud cheers . ) Ho wished to say a few words as to what had fallen from the last speaker , regarding Mr . O'Connor . Of course every man had a right to speak and publish his own sentiments —( hear , hear)—but Mr . O'Connor had , in his letter in lost week ' s Star , talked , of a set of " rapscallions . " Now , why did Mr . O'Connor leave it in such mystery ? Who did lio mean ? And why did he not tell them ? He was resolved to know . If Mr . 0 ' Connor meant James Grassby , he

      ought to at once have had the manliness y > say so . And as regarded Republicanism , why Mr ; O'Connor had frequently said if so and so took _}< fnce—which by the by had taken place—he woulif declare himself a Red Republican . However he was determined to know who Mr . O'Connor meant by " rapscallions , ' and ' ¦ poor gentlemen . " He did not think it any disgrace to be poor , neither did he conceive gentleness to be a crime . He really , at tho present moment could not think of any who would answer Mr . O'Connor ' s description , except the " poor gentlemen" with whom lie was immediately surrounded .

      He had , in times past , frequently heard Mr . O'Connor conclude his speeches with , " Peaceably if we can , forcibly if we must ; " and yet they were called to account because their advocates said , " The Charter and something more ; " which meant , ¦ " The Charter and their social rights . " ( Loud cheers . ) He knew there were men who could make fine speeches—that meant anything or nothing—by the acre ; and these men , who were jealous of their peaceable , practical , and successful agitation , endeavoured to impede their progress , by denouncing them as physical force men ; but their jealousy and malice would re-act upon themselves , whilst the National Charter Association would march forward

      to victory . ( Loud cheers . ) Mr . Fuzzon said , he thought Mr . O'Connor had been misrepresented , as , surely , his good sense must point out to him the Charter as the means of ameliorating their social condition . For himself he was a Republican , and in favour of Social Rights , to their fullest extent . ( Loud cheers . ) Julian Harney—who on coming forward was received with great applause—said , that he heartily agreed with Mr . Reynolds as regarded the turning out of the Whigs . It would bo recollected that when , on a former evening , discussing Mr . Hutt ' s motion , Mr . O'Brien—whom they all heard with delight , and from whom they invariably received invaJuablo instruction , ( applause )—had taken

      exception to his ( Mr . Barney ' s ) view , on the ground that the " scorpion" Stanley , and the Tories , would come into power , and put down public meetings , and subject the working classes to a reign of terror . —[ At this moment Bronterre O'Brien entered the hall , and was greeted with loud cheers . ] —Mr , Harney reiterated what he had just stated . He thought that Mr . O'Brien ' s reasons for regarding a Tory ministry with horror , were just the reasons why such a ministry should be hailed with joy . The Tories in power , and hounded on by such men as Ferrand , would wage a war against the Free Traders and middle-class Reformers , as well as against the working men , and so would compel the middle classes to unite with the working men for

      self-protection . ( Cheers . ) He , therefore , said , out with the Whigs and welcome a Tory administration , which would compel the bourgeoisie to unite with the proletarians . ( Loud cheers . ) It would be the fault of the people if they allowed themselves to be humbugged , as they were in the time of the Reform Bill agitation . Mr . Harney then proceeded to comment on the debate on Public Salaries , which had occupied the House of Commons a few evenings previously . A stringer might imagine that all sections of the House of Commons had become most patriotic economists . There was Lord John Russell demanding a committee to inquire into official , judicial and diplomatic salaries , with a view to reduction ; and Mr . Disraeli meeting that motion with an

      amendment " That the house wasalready in possession of sufficient information , and that reductions be at once proceeded with . '' He believed they were both veritable humbugs . ( Cheers . ) As regarded Lord John Russell ' s committee , Mr . Disraeli had truly said that after sitting a year or two the committee would produce such a " blue book" which could defy the world ' s competition at the Industrial Exhibition of 1851 . ( Loud laughter , and cheering . ) They might as well have expected Greenacre to have hanged himself , as to expect Lord John Russell to cut down his own salary . ( Loud cheers . ) The so-called Radical section of the house also played the game of humbug jn pretending to agitate for financial reform , while leaving untouched that

      huge swindle , the . "National > Debt . " ( Great applause . ) Mr . Harney entered into the history of the contracting of the debt , and showed that it was not at all binding on the people , Commenting on the speech of Mr , Pago Wood in the House of Commons , Mr . Harney said that the subject of social reform brought him to a subject which hnd been commented on by previous speakers—lie alluded to what had been said respecting Mr . O'Connor . He ( Mr . Harney ) differed from much that had been said by tbat gentleman on a previous occasion in that hall , and also from some things published by him in- last Saturday ' s Star . ( Hear , hear . ) Ho did not condemn Mr . O'Connor , . believinsr that he was . deceived and

      misinformed . That pontleman had complained of a conspiracy , but lie ( Mr . Harnoy ) said that the members of the National Charter Association , and other parties , meeting in that hall , bad something better to do , than to conspire against any individual . ( Cheers . ) If there was any conspiracy against individuals , the conspirators were at the Land Office in High Ilolbom . ( Loud cheers ) . For himself and his friends , and those whom ho addressed , their conspiracy was against an unjust political and social system , and to change that system , all their efforts were directed . ( Renewed cheering ) . With regard to Republicanism , they were all—with few exceptions—Republicans —( great cheering )—but it was not true that they desired to

      supersede the Chartist agitation by an agitation for a Republic . It was not necessary , inasmuch-as" Republican institutions were sure to come in the due order of events . ( Loud cheers . ) As regarded foreign politics , he ( Mr . Harney ) maintained it was the duty of all true democrats to sympathise with their Republican brethren on the continent . ( Cheers . ) He was sorry that they could give only the sympathy of words , but it was their duty to give that , failing their ability to give more efficient aid . In different countries the peopled party differed in name , but they were- all intent on one olject , the triumph of the principles of the Democratic and Social Republic . ( Loud cheering . )

      Mr . Ward stated that he had intended to have addressed the meeting in opposition to thfi sentiments continually promulgated from that platform , but seeing a large attendance of their'leasiers , and knowing , by past experience , the opposition he would encounter from some sections of tne meeting , he should decline then to occupy thoir time . He wished , however , publicly to announce , that he was ready , in full reliance upon the truth and justice 01 the principles and policy he had advooate d , to meet either Mr . Reynolds , Mr . Harney , or any other leader of their party , whose views he had occasion to oppose , in fair , equal , and candid dlBOUBsion . Such a oourse would offer the bosfc teBt oi truth , and show whether or not these gentlemen were sincere in their admiration of . freedom oi ' TfrCHAiBMAN , interrupting Mr . Ward , said , ia order to cut the matter short they wmld aow have Mr , O'Brien ,

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      Mr .: Brontbrrs O'Bbijen : rose , loudly applauded , and said he regretted he . had- / not : been able to be at the meeting half an'hour earlier , as he had wished to have met Messrs ; Reynolds , O'Connor , [ Jai-ney , Cooper , and others . However , i he was nappy to . see some of them there , . i He was about to lestthem . He knew he should be thrusting his nand int ® a hornet ' s nest , however , he was used to i " * v . Dok ttlind lt - Thev had associations A 8 piontilul as bilberrys now , but what he wanted to wi , M . n ' ¦ w , , ethei" tliey could not do something ia I ? cS ° ° »««»* ( "ear , hear . ) . He percefved Sl his had

      " < xJln , ?" ^ T L ? . ^ Oillled association r i-ht to& ^^ 1 ° bel'eved that it no more tot Si pH *' than * momb « 9 f parliament had IlonouSS " T onou . . ¥ e . " or a ' minister » Right Honourable . He believed the financials to ha thorough humbugs and ho WOuld not give the chpp . ng of a lawyer ' s conscience for all tho reforms they would produce . , There was a scheme to unto all tne rich against all the poor ; and they had no right to give all the votes to the rich and exclude tho poor , for surely the poor stood most in need of the votes . He wished originally the qualification had been that every mau should have done something for his daily bread . He had seen Mr , Reynolds , and asked him to insert in his Foliiiccl Instructor a letter from him ( Mr . O'Brien ) to the President and Council of " the National

      Parliamentary Reform Association , " embracing the following proposition : — " That deputations of the National Charter Association , National . Reform League , and all other organised bodies advocating a full measure of political and social rights for all classes , should wait upon the Conference of the Parliamentary Reform Association , about to meet in London , and require of them , as a proof of their sincerity , to give a public pledge to tho working classes to secure the return to parliament , at the next general election , of some thirty or forty gentlemen , who should be publicly chosen ia as many populous boroughs , as the fittest persons to represent the new electors in parliament . The middle class electors should publicly pledgo

      themselves to give their votes in favour of such gentl < - men after they shall have been previously duly elected as their delegates , by a clear majority of the non-electors "—( loud cheers ) --and unless Sir Joshua and his middle class friends should give this public pledgo in favour of a real working man ' s representation , the working people would consider thorn unworthy of then * confidence , and . then ? " little Charter" scheme as nothing better than a base , unchristian plan , to unite all the rich . against poor by giving the votes to the former , and withholding the like right from those who are not rich enough to be able to contribute to the support of the poor , as well as to keep themselves . ( Cheers . ) Of course , the object of the deputation would bo to impress this reasonable view upon the Conference ; and in ca 5 e the middle classea should give their sanction to it , a clear and irrefragable evidence

      would be furnished . of the competence of the working classes to vote wisely and honestly . ( Loud cheers . ) The persons who should nominate at tho hustings he would like the middle classes to select . ( Hear , hear . ) If the Parliamentary Reform Association really did represent the middle classc , they had the command of something like three hundred seats ; and surely out of those they might spare , for a temporary purpose , the small number he had asked ? And mind , he only wanted it for a temporary purpose , as he , for one , would never bo content with a less measure of polities ] Justine than that given in the People ' s Charter .. ( Loud cheers . ) If this proposition was not conceded , would they not be justified in voting the middle class a band of conspiring profit-mongers , who fleeced the people out of three hundred millions a year ? ( Cheers . ) Mr . Gerald Massey delivered an excellent and soul-stirring speech .

      Mr . J , Rogers also addressed the meeting . Mr . O'Brien , in moving a vote of thanks to the chairman , took the sense of the meeting on the proposition he had suggested in his speech , which wa 3 unanimously in favour of a deputation to the ensuing Conference . The vote of thanks to tbe chairman was then passed by acclamation , and the meeting adjourned until Tuesday evening next .

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      THE . TEN HOURS BILL . —MEETING OF THE DELEGATES IN LONDON . On Wednesday night a meeting of the delegates from the manufacturing districts of Lancashire and Yorkshire was held at their meeting-room ia Northumberland-court , Mr . Thomas Pitt , of Ashton , in the chair . Tbe main object of the meeting was to arrange their course of proceeding . . After the transaction of some matters of business , the following letter was read from Lord Ashley : — House of Commons , Apru " , 1850 . — To the Delegates from the Short Time Committee of Lancashire and Yorkshire . —Gentlemen , —The Factory Bill which was fixed for Thursday next , April 18 , must be postponed until the 2 nd of May , the first day on which there is any likelihood of obtaining an opportunity of discussion , Tho business for Thursday would occupy the house until a very late hour , eo that 1 could entertain no hope of being able to more the bill into committee . I am , your obedient servant , ASBIET . On tho motion of * the delegte from Oldham , se « conded by tho delegate from Bolton , tho letter was ordered to be entered on the minutes and published .

      The delegate from Todmorden then moved the following address , which was seconded by the delegate from Bradford , and carried unanimously : — To the Factory Operatives of Great Britain and Ireland . Fellow Workmen , —At your call we liave again assem * bled in London , for the purpose of promoting the passing of a bill to explain the intention of the act of 1847 , namely to effect a umform and continuous worMng often hours a day in factories , meal times only excepted . That bill , as jou are aware , was to have been brought before the House of Commons to-morrow ( Thursday ) , April 18 th , but by a a combination of circumstancea over which our nobla leader had no control , Lord Ashley has been compelled to postpone it till the 2 nd of May . We therefore conjure you , as you love the cause in which you are engaged , to make the best possible use of the time thus afforded . Our

      enemies are iu the field , and are active . We must therefore persetere . A few millowners in some of the secluded , ralleys of Lancashire and Yorkshire , where , neither the light- of public opinion nor the freedom of the factory worker * have yet appeared , are coercingtheir workpeople to sign petitions in favour of the odious system of working by relays . In seme of tbe glens of Scotland the same oppressive course is being adopted , and the masters of Hawick have sent up to I / ondon a few of their time-serving managers and overlookers in support of these petitions . These , friends , are symptoms of opposition which you must meet , and meet with energy and promptitude . Go on , then , petitioning , and let your watchwords be , ' Ten Hours / ' No relays , ' and 'No surrender . ' Signed , on behalf of the delegates , Thomas Frrr , Chairman . Northumberland-court , April 17 th , 1850 .

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      Gctta Pf . rciia boats are recommended for the Arctic expedition . A blow from a floating piece of ice , that would stave in and destroy a common boat , would only make the Gutta Percha boat rebound . " Bosw 6 R » n Field , " on which a crown was lost and won , is now the arena of a conflict between , landlord and tenant , the farmers being up in arms for their " rights . " A REenuii sworn in hefore a horough justice , when not enlisted in a horough , cannot he compelled to servo . Greenock . —A public meeting was lately held for the purpose of getting up a national testimonial to Robert Wallace , Esq .. lato M . P . for this place . The following testimonial of his labours will be read with pleasui-e by our readers : — 5 , Palace Chambers , 88 , St . James ' g-street , March 20 th , 1820 .

      Dear Sir—I much regret that my present state of health compels me to decline entering into the laborious task of ascertaining the various occasions on which 1 received , tho alile support of your lato representative , my truly valued nnd steadfast friend , Mr . Wallace ; but I regret this the less , because it appears to be better for all parties that I should frankly express , in general terms , that Mr . Wallace was my unflinching friend and supporter upon every occasion in whieh the liberties of the people were concerned , lie not only gave me Ins support , but he never once tailed in being . present—ready , able , and willing to lend me A helping hand at any time of the debate : and this without studying , as very many do , at what hour of the night I might rail upon him to do so . His attendance was constant , —Ms zeal for his fellow men never slackened , and his unflinching integrity , honesty of purpose , and straightforward consistency , was apparent from the first to the last of his Parliamentary life , and was no less admitted by

      those with whom ho acted , than by those whom he opposed . Jobbing of every kind he denounced , and in him th& working-man had a never-failing friend and advocate . But , independent of the assistance given to me and _ other reformers by Mr . Wallace , lie was himself a loading refoMnfcr , and his cause always was on the side of the people . His labours in Post-Office reform arc univevsalb admitted ; and had there beoa no member for Greenock , I very much doubt whether we should now possess the advantages of Penny Postage ; . and this 1 am glad to see was admitted by Mr . Uowland Hill at the Greenock meeting . Besides the labour he went through for so many years in the Post-O&ce reformation , I well remember ho was eTery session engaged in endeavouring to improve tlie Courts of L » w iu Scotland , and . bring cheap justice to every man ' s aoor ; and no less zealous was ho 111 exposing themisconanctofRaiiway Compniiies , m their- Shameful treatment of second and third class passengers ; and 1 be . of these abuses led

      lieve Mr . Wallace ' s constant exposure mainly to the measures adopted by parliament tor tho security and comfort of the industrious and working classes when ^ veiling by railway . And I also recollect , after to resipaed his seat , that ho sent to me a peWaon from hunsellto the House of Commons , in which he enumerated all ths hardships and numberless imposition to which the woridnR classes weve exposed when travelling on railways , and prayed parliament to remedy those abuses . That very petition , although signed only by Mr . Wallace , was by fer the longest and largest in surface and : sound sense ever received by tho House of Commons . The working classes , be assured , lost an * invaluab friend when Mr . Wallace left parliament , and 1 hope th « will make up by numbers , what others may do by wtalth towards his testimonial . Let working men . therefore , contribute thoir penny clftk towards this national mark of esteem : and let Mr . Wallace

      learn by the number of pence how his long services are ap « predated everywhere by his fellow citizens ; ds I an carcertain that he will tnke this as a higher compliment ant greater reward than If the industrious and hard-workint men contributed any larRer sum . . "With best wlahei . &c . THO 8 . S . PDHC 0 UU .

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  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), April 20, 1850, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1570/page/5/