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Northern Star (1837-1852), 19th January 1850, Edition 1 of 3, Page unpag, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      TO THE CHAKTISTS . Jly FBIENDS , Let me implore of you to be tip and doing ; a * ^ 7 uPon **> ^* coming straggle Ijetween landlord and money-lord is allowed to be settled while you are not parties in the ao-£ on > you flill be worse off than ever . j tare referred you to my prophecies in 1811 , and I will now call yoor attention to another prophecy , which is also printed .

      On the 3 rd of December , 1831 , there was a large meet ing of ihe aristocracy of the county and city of Cork , held in the County Courthouse , for the purpose of aiding the English [ Reformers . When the great men appointed to speak had concluded their orations , it was presumed the meeting had terminated , but having come thirty miles I was determined not to remain silent . " I rose in the gallery , and made what all called the speech of the evening ; and mark my concluding sentence , published in the Cor * Southern Reporter , on tie 6 th of December . I said : —

      " I advocate Parliamentary Reform with " all my heart , hut I tell you , Ir ishmen , that " it -will l > e the Tery worst measure passed for " your country , if not accompanied with a " BEPEAL OP THE UXIOxJ ; because the first act " of the first Reformed Parliament will be to " pass some Gagging Bill , to suppress the " expression of public opinion in this ** country . " " Uow , my Mends , that was my prophecy in December , 1831 , and , as I predicted , the very first act of the Keformed Parliament wai to

      pasrihe moist woody and atrocious Coemm Bffihat eTOr . waa ^ puicMyupim ^ tn ^^ talsito Book ; substifefing Conrts-Martial' fbr ^ Kial by Jury , and , in fact , placing the people under a complete military despotism . Well , Chartists , let me now tell you , in 1850 , that unless you have fkee trade in LABOUR , you will derive as little benefit from I " ree Trade as you . and the Irish have derived from Parliamentary Reform . Tour opponents would now base national prosperity upon the large surplus of money now in this country ; but was there ever a greater anomaly than idle land , idle labour , and- idle money , with bastiles fall of UNWILLING IDLE PAUPERS ? There is now

      a strong agitation springingup in London , while I regret to say that the bees in the Northern Hive do not even buzz , as they are satisfied with their temporary activity ; and they may rel y upon it that some tinkering legislative measure will be based upon their satisfaction . I have often told you , that I would never zeast any movement that was calculated to confer any benefit upon you , and , therefore , I have cordially co-operated with the Parlia

      mentary Reform Association . Mean tune , if do undertake the task of giving you public instruction—and if in that capacity I should fail to discharge my duty faithfully—yon would naturally look upon me with contempt . For this reason , then , I beg to call your critical attention to Mr . Schoieeie £ d ' s anticipated hope from the Freehold Land system , at a meeting held at St . Paocras , on Tuesday night , and I will give you but a very few extracts . He said : —

      He had obtained Totes for five or six counties by mean * oT&eeholdlana societies , anS lie-would use them m TOtin £ for persons who would even go beyondthe plan at the head of which Sir J . Walmsley stood . ( Cheers . ) He gpolce for himself only ; others , of course , were at liberty to use th « franchise in a difiewnt tray . He considered the freehold land movement to be the most immediately practicalniwa of effecting a reform of the Efiform B 3 L Uo-w , the thing to prove was , how this Preehold system would enable Mr . Scholefield and his party to go farther than Sir JOSHUA

      Walmslet and his party ; and of what use would his rotes , in fire or six counties , be to the working classes ? Do you suppose they would be given for a Chartist , against a TvTug 1 Not a bit of it ¦ They would be held as the balance of power between Whig and Tory . And then mark , if these freeholders constituted the balance of power , Uiey would —and small blame to them—sell their votes as the best produce of then * freeholds , to the highest bidder .

      Again , see what a doggish , crawling sneaking system this is admitted to be . He says : — If they were able to do so much in the three or four conntiesht bad named in Hie course of two yean , -what might they not effect in other places where a much lesi effort ? ras required , and where the majority against the liberal candidates had been only 109 or ISO ! How . only think of such a blood run . Think

      of such a steam power as this . The chance , not the certainty , ef acquiring a balance of power in three or four counties , in the space of two years . Is not this "Live horse and you'll get grass V But , then , as the real objects and probable prospects are better defined in resolutions than in speeches , let me now submit to you the two resolutions unanimously adopted at the St . Pancras meeting : —

      That the first doty of the state is to endeavour to elerata the -working man , and to make him feel an interest in the well-being of the country ; that the procuring far Mm the elective franchibe is the fent step to raise Mm in his own estimation and in the social scale ; and this meeting' determines never to relax in its exertions till all men rated to the support of their poorer brethren are in possession of that important privilege . That it is highly derogatory for freemen to repeatedly beg the legislature to grant that which they possess an independent power to obtain , viz ., the elective franchise ; that it has been proved that freehold land societies present the ready and certain means of placing men in that honourable position , and as such deserves the support of this meeting

      Uow , Chartists , what think you of those resolutions ? The first says , that the procuring for man the elective franchise is to raise him in bis own estimation , and in the social scale . WeD , in my opinion , nothing can so conduce to elevate man in his own estimation , and in the social scale , as the admission that mind , not land , should be the test of the franchise .

      "Well , then , what do you think of this admission being followed by the following declaration , which appears hi the second resolution — "Thatit is highly derogatory for freemen " to repeatedly beg the legislature to grant "that which they possess an independent " power to obtain , viz ., the elective franchise . " Now , if the most critical philosopher can reconcile those two resolutions , I shall be most happy to be led out of the road of error into the path of truth .

      I « ay , enfranchise the mind , and the Land will be speedil y emancipated ; but the power of the wealth y is solely based upon the disunion and antagonism of the poor . - Here you have Communists reprobating all legislation ; Teetotallers showing how all may be enfranchised , and opposing those who cannot ; and freehold Land advocates endeavouring to enfranchise a sufficient number to secure the ascendancy of a class ; and all opposed to Chartism , which would very speedily lead to individuality of possession , and co-operation of labour—would make drunkenness a crime , and place every man as an independent freeholder upon his own land ; and , therefore , what we require is such a co-operation of sound and

      intellectual mind as will lead to the legitimate developement of the national iggpnrces of the country , instead of—as now—being cultivated b y the standard of class-speculation . Sir John Tyheix—a violent . Tory—and others of his class , are now discussing the question of Universal Suffrage , in the hope , no doubt , of bidding for popular support at the next general election . The Irish people are opposed to a return to Protection ; so am I , uficanse I am opposed ix > all retrograde movem ents . But in order to give you a still farther instance of the growth of mind in that country , iet me submit to you the following resolution , Passed in the county of Cork , at a meeting lidd on Sunday . laafc witaDr . Powek , one of

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      the Members of the County , in the chair . Here it is : —/ - . 0 = ;/ That the foundation of agricultural prosperity it lecwity of tenure by tenant right or long leasea , which would enable the teaamt to dispose » f his farm to the highest bidder , and a rent regulated by the reduction in the value of corn , < fec . - That the jresent cry for protection Is got up for Selfish purposes , firstly , to divert the minds of the people from the just demand for tenant right and reasonable rents ; and , secondly , to enable the Conservatives to get into the representation of the country , to oast the popular party , and to check the march of enli ghtened legislation , and hence we denounce the Protectionistst meetings ' as ' a mockery , a delusion , and a snare . - : ; i

      Now mark thatj and bear in mind that I represented the same county "in 1834 , and could not get a single member to second a similar motion . How , Chartists , I have done , with this one single admonition . If you are apathetic in the manufacturing districts , in consequence of temporaryprosperity , you will be handed over , neck and crop , from the grasp of the landlord , to the gripe of the money-lord , and when trade gets bad , and you squeal out , may I be d——d if you catch the BEB CAT in the trap again . Tour faithful and uncompromising . advocate , \ r < Fe * R < HJSaO ? CONNOR . ¦ ¦ ' - ¦ ¦ ^ % MR . O'CONtfGE » slftTJ ^* ISi

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      "Barnard ' s Inn , London , " 17 th December , 1849 . " Sib , —I think neither yourself , nor the million of Chartists whom you represent , can now complain of any want of pat ience on my part , in waiting for the Bill for Vernon ' s defence ! J ! How correctly does your correspondent , ' J . OtDHELD , of Huddersfield , in his letter to you of the 10 th ult ., appear to appreciate the character of the body of Chartists , when he very properly observes

      that—1 think it was the duty of the Chartists to have paid the debt long ago , before it came to a trial . I am ashamed to own the Chartists as a body , for their supineness and apathy in those affairs ; as I am confident , if each were to pay a trifle , they might raise funds ior anything , and gam a glorious moral victory over all their enemies / "How , Sir , in July , 1848 , I defended Mr . Vernos , one of your Chartist leaders . My bill—about £ l 80--up to the present time remains undischarged , much to the discredit of your Chartist constituency ; and although I have been urged by many to adopt legal

      proceedings against yon personall y ^ Ilrave ^ -hitherto refrained . Not so , Mr . Macnaiiaba , He- ^ though more closely connected to you ( as appeared on the trial ) by friendship than myself—not getting paid , brought his action , obtained a verdict against yon , and , thiB term , has had that verdict confirmed . Let me ask you , is it commonly decent for a large body of people like the Chartists to allow such proceedings against yon ? But what course has the professional man to adopt if he advances his own money and cannot get paid ? Is he to work like

      myself , for nothing 1 Is he to sne a Committee not worth a groat- * now in oblivion—and to increase his expenditure ; or is he so mercifully to deal with Ms client , the imprisoned Chartist , as to suehim at the termination of his two years' incarceration ? Thus am I placed . Who can I look to for payment but yourself , the fountain-head and representative of the Chartists—a body amounting to a million of people ? If you are not legaSy bound to pay , you are morally . And I do not hesitate in saying , it is a perfect disgrace to them that they permit you for one moment to be placed

      in such an unenviable position . How many times have I addressed you on this subject , and how often have you appealed to the great body of Chartists—but hi what manner have they responded ? Not 51 . has been subscribed towards payment of my Bill , although 1 have not brought any action against you . But it must come , for patience is getting exhausted . Had anything been omitted on the trial of Mr . Vebnon—had not every possible exertion of counsel , myself , and my clerks , been used in that great tr ial , I might , perhaps , have said there was reason

      for my not being paid , on account ; of negligence ; but this was not so : you ; as well as all others who knew how Mr . Vebnon ' s defence was got up , were pleased to publicly say it Was well and properly conducted—but , as I have said before , an angel from Heaven would not have procured any other verdict than Guilty , ' in the then prejudiced minds of the judges and juries . But why am I to be punished ?—why am I to remain unpaid for professional services to you and the body of Chartists , done for your and their benefit , and thus publicly acknowledged ? Shame upon

      the body , to allow either you of myself to be thus situated ! Shame and discredit be upon them all , I say , that will allow their leader to be their target , to cover their dishonour , whilst they cringe behmd the covering , because they won't subscribe a penny or a halfpenny each to his rescue ! Well may Mr . Oldfield exclaim , that Mr . Macnamaiu ' s action ougut not to have gone trial , and that he ( Mr . Oldfielb ) is ashamed to own them as * bodyi when a trifle from sack mig ht raise funds for anything , and gain theffiT a glorious victory overall their enemies . ; ; " " Before , therefore , adopting any legal

      proceedings against you , to recover my just d * mand , I once more afford the chancfl 0 ^ your calling the attention of the Cbartiit body to the subject Let them adopt the cour *? already pointed out by yourself , and in lati jweek ' i Northern Star by their friend Mr . Oidheid . Let us see if they will allow another trial to take place , similar to Mr . Macnamara ' b , which I shall only bring when all your exhortations to them , and when I consider all other

      chances of your being saved from this obloquy , nave failed . If such your appeala , folj ^ hy then allow me to congratulate you upon tile high and distinguished honour yon possess / in bemgtherepresentativ o of srwblftb ^ y—whilst , on the other hand , great I tnoV , ^ ua ^ ypm / atisfaction , and , k fact , that of £ hopari 3 ij £ the Chartists , in having such a Leader ; when he could proudly exclaim : ' Poor as many of ye are , still ye have subscribed your mite , and all just demands are discharged . ' - ; . " When ! took up the defence of Vebhon—?

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      assessor , 'faithfully to discharge my duty between you , as nvals jftr poner . f ! in the first place , then , the manufac-* y ? $ r f Jyrtd out something to ^ he . people , although it is a d ? " ™ ™ . ; while you , sturdy arid obstinate , in your newly ac ^« eo . pe \ ver , hava not even yet , in the eleventh hour , offerep anything substantial as a set off against the tnanufactirfersshadow , ^ Yqu . hope to war d offtheironcrottohments . byParliamentary majorities , while they ! expect to assail your granaries with a legion of starving besiegers ; whoRe passions , by the stoppage of the mills , they hope to inflame to an extent unassailable by the voice of reason , uncontrollable by the influence of their leaders ) and inyincible from their numerical strength ; and their masters implied consent , to see all law set at defiance to a certain point , 1 fiat point being the exact one where theii own object shall have been Achieved . To these inducements , for revenge , ' add the hope of impunity ; and the heavy state of life and death , and weigh them against your political majorities , and your scale will kick the beam ! ' ¦ . ¦ - ¦ What must be my fate " when I ' feel convinced that tliat State Of things , at which'I have previously hinted , will be ( tire to come , and when in the bustle and turmoil , all that

      I nave done , ov . endeavoured to do , will be , made to appear to the . starving people , by their hard , but commanding taskmasters , a 3 the immediate cause of their pressing ¦ waritaS ^ r - ' ¦' ¦ ''¦ ' . - ¦ ¦ ¦• ¦ ¦ , - . ¦ ¦ : ¦•¦> ¦ - - t ¦ : ¦ ' . ' ' " ;¦¦ ¦ A' Mj lords and gentlemen , there is another anomaly , which j | . 6 Tey : ( ftrikes Joil It is that . agrieujtuval Ireland should Wive for its governor , ageneral , a kind of military chief-^ aln Vrl kind of Don Quisotte , with his squire SanohoPanza ^ n the' Cabinet , ivIio knows nothing . about agriculture ; v » f hose whole tune ; is taken , up in the adjustment of party TsqUabble 8 , political disagreements , consideration of milfiark ^ polioe , and magiaterial ' Qffuirs , and changed , too , ^ R ^ Kkdnuhiptrtao ^ : iHo " | 8 ^ Mere poUtical tool , ant ^ JmS ^ S ^^^ Wmi ^?^^ © oHj either 4 |^^^ W ^» in his endeavour to please every body , pleasing nobody ; and losing bis character into the bargain . Such is your political chieftain j while the greatest recommendation which your agents can liare is a steeled heart . . That man only , is fitted for the collection of rack rents , who can look upon the legal act of taking the bed from under the sick woman , and the last cow from the little children , as divested of all moral turpitude .

      My lords and gentlemen , you may consider it a ' great bore' to bo compelled to make anj such arrangement * , at will suit the present times , but the question is , whether you will put up with ' -a choice of evils—whether you will undertake the ' bore' of collecting more rent from a greater number—or be'bored'by going without any rent . . ; My lords and gentlemen , once more , I caution-you against the foolish notion ,-when an English political question cannot affect Irish property . I tell you that poverty , like water , will find its leyel ; and I also tell you that the most rising and powerful political intereit is that of the English manufacturers , whom you will find to your cost to be excellent engineers , and which yoH will admit , when they have reduced you , after payments of debts and mortgages , to the ?< ry same condition- that the hand-loom weavers are now in .

      iv . ' . ' . : " ' . In the first place , then , 'labour is the foundation of all wealth . That is indisputable . The barren surface of your soil , until made available by the poor man's labour ,, ha * no more value than the shapeless block of marble , rough from the . quarry , before it receives value from the sculptor * hands , < Nb . < j ^ u . ts th « . e . ta . mp \ ipQn it , , aad W 6 tv it ^ \ a \ ae w but ideal ; or rather it must be regulated by the price at the produce of the land . . So with every ' luxury that you use in this world from the gorgeous . feast , the caudy happings of your persons , the sumptuous furniture Of your mansions , and the splendour of your carriages , down to the mere necessaries of life—all , aU arc regulated by the price of labour ; and having deteriorated the value of labour by your law of primogeniture settlement , and retail as also by your whimsical . mode of leasing ground-for terms of years , at fixed rents , without reference to annual produce or price , and also by bad tenure and destructive condition !

      annexed to occupation ; having by these complicated error deteriorated the value of labour , you have drugged the world with its cheap produce , while you have smothered the bees in the midst of their own honey , not allowing them the very meanest subsistence after all ; and you now vainly hope to limit suffering to those very producers never reflecting that all other properties of every description , and however guaranteed , whether they be fixed income salaries , or fluctuating incomes , and whether insured by rents , acts of parliament , custom , or contract , must sooner or latter catch the infection , and take the disorder , which is—foverty , I shall now proceed to lay before you the five measures which I proposed for immediate relief in 1831 and 1835 . To move for leave to bring in a bill to compel Irish land .

      lords to give leases for ever at a corn rent ; and in all cases where lands arc now held upon lease or accepted proposal , and are considered too dear to give to the tenants of sueh lands the right of . appealing to a jury whs shall establish the value in like manner as the value of private property is now ascertained when required by the Crown , or legally authorised corporations , or individuals for national purposes . : . . : : ¦' ...., For leave to bring in a bill to make a legal provision for the poor of Ireland . ¦ - Por leave to bring in a bill' to consolidate the several stamp Acts now in force in Ireland . , ¦ ; ' . " : For leavcTfpb ' rinjf irtro bill for the better * regulation of Quarter ' Session's Courts in Ireland , with a view of making those courts cheap courts of equity , as vreU as courts of law , whereby cheap justice might be brought home to the door of every poor man . ¦

      To move a resolution , of the House , that it is desirable , as well for the ends of justice as for the tranquillity of Ireland , that all clervmen being magistrates , should be deprived of the commission of the peace . .- :: : V . I now allude to the holding of a sacred . month as it was called , when from the 12 th of August , till the 12 th of September , 1839 , the working people of this empire were invited bja set of merchants to fast and pray , and be shot at , to carry a point for the said merchants , In that I saw the seeds of a revolution for which the conspirators were well prepared ; and I thank God , at the risk of popularity and of even life itself , 1 slipped in and stopped , what in my conscience upon mature reflection , I believe to have been a deep conspiracy hatched by a set of as great cowards as ever lived , to experimentalise upon the excitability of a nation of bravo and oppressed people , condemned for & month , without stores , provision , or ammunition , to sustain an equal conflict against an organised military force , and a well-supplied and thoroughly-armed community , united without distinction of sect , creed , or politics , so long as the campaign lasted .

      Yes , my lords and gentlemen , it is now two o ' clock in the morning , and destructive as I am , I lay down my pen , and with uplifted hands , return grateful thanks to Almighty God , that I was made the humble instrument to stop the effusion of human blood , and the great "weeping and wailing and gnashing of teeth , " which must have followed so hellish a conspiracy , had the experiment been

      tried . , ¦ My lords and gentlemen , I will show you , that you cannot deal with , check , or mould the manufacturing interests of this country to national purposes , otherwise than through the agency of a free labour market , established by the small &rm system . Idefy you to deal with it by law . YOU HAVE MADE RBSISTANOB WORTH A REVOLUTION . But suppose you . cowld effect it ,.. what then ? You would but have sharpened both edges of the sword for the destruction of labour . Firstly , the manufacturer having worked the very flesh from the bones , would see through the transparent skin of the slave , before he would allow himself , with his class power , to be mulct to the amount of a penny in the pound , as his share of the impost ; nay , ¦ he would make a profit of the tax , while he complained of its injustice . Secondly , you would leave all those grievances to which your monopolies expose the labourer unredressed . ¦ ' However , as the rays of knowledge begin to shine through my prison bars , and as they are sure to spread their benign nfluenco abroad over tlie whole , face of the earth , I am

      nothing daunted ; and shall therefore , despite the political econonomist the-farthingsliding patriot , and the dreadshower statesman , proceed at once to my purpose , which is to apply details to your principle of reclaiming waste land . Of that land you have in Great Britain and Ireland more than fifteen millions of acres ' , capable of reclamation . It at all events can scarcely be called your own , and is therefore out of the Newcastle principle of doing what you please with it By its proper appropriation , you not only do not suffer damage , but , on the contrary , I . propose to do for you what you cannot do for yourselves : to make It valuable . I estimate that land at a rent of la . 4 d . per acre . I calculate that each , acre ' in the outset , taking the tenant ' s house and stock , and means of subsistence , till the lane is brought to bear , into account , would require somewhere ebout £ 1 per acre , or a capital of about jflOO for every fifteen acres . The fifteen million acrea allotted in farms of fifteen acres to one million heads of families , would thus require a capital of one hundred millions of pounds sterling to aid the working communities in their work of reclamation .

      file value of those fifteen millions of acres , at twenty years' purchase , at a rent of Is . 4 d . per acre , would cost Government £ 29 , 000 , 000 . -. .: Now what I propose is , that Government shall purchase the lands from you , say at that rate , and ; then under proper official management , at the head of which , should be a Cabinet Minister to be called the Minister of Agriculture , lease those lands at Is . 4 d . per acre , in lots of fifteen acres , with a capital of £ 100 advanced to each tenant , subjecting tlie tenant to a rent of £ 5 per annum for the land , and the interest of £ 100 at four cent ,, that is £ 1 for land and £ i for interest . This sum of ^ 120 , 000 , 0001 propose to . consolidate into one national fund , which shall stand as a mortgage upon the fifteen millions of acras , and over which the Parliament alcne shall have control ; and that it should not bo a transferable stock , or a stock allowed , to be made the medium of exchange , barter , or traffic in the Jew ' s temple ; but that the Government shall ' , merely bu agent for the fund-holder and fund-payer—receiving from the one and paying to the other . ¦ . : , " I propose that after the first eleven years the tenant shall yearly pay ten pounds in liquidation of his debt ; thereby liquidating the whole amount at the end of the nest ten

      years , or with the twenty-first year of his tenancy ; at the close of which ' period—twenty-one years—I propose that the tenant shall pay no more than the original chief rent ; of Is . 4 . per acre ) and all local taxes : or a pound per annum for his holding fur ever and ever , and amen—until some future generation , in its wisdom , shall see the State necessity of making , the then occupiers—themselves betag parties—pay something more as their quota of auy national requirement . Now , those who are in love with a national debt as a bond of union , have it here in the flesh and the spirit ; those who so loudly call out for the cultivation of' our waUelandshave here the only chance by which their genre which" is improvement and ftp bettering of the poor man's condition , ; can be slmullan ' eously effeeUia f those who " fear that population ' presses too hardly upon the meansof subsistence" have here the means of obviating that disaster ; those of . the school of political economy have here the practical illustration of . one of their daring principles—that " when circumstances close up one channel ; of speculation and industry , other sircumstnnces orienanothor channel ;" those who would gladl y find a resting place for the " surplus population , " made such by the substitution of artificial

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      for natural labour , have here the harbour open ; for them those who would add to our now , as they say , "too scant ; surface of wheat producing land , " have here an extension offered to them ; while , although I would much prefer thi more improved field for the establishment of a free laboui standard of value , I have no objection , provided he gets th < inea » s , to allow any client to . work out his own salvation in the more barren field . -Here we have a mean ' s of immediately providing for sever millions of people ; and iu less than ten years of providing for . fifteen millions of people ; and , at the expiration oi twenty-one years , the original farms of fifteen acres each would be capable of being subdivided for the families , intc farms of five acres ea « h , 'if necessary . ^ Thus would our present toast * lands , jYcw England , Ireland , and Scotland , of themselves , support on the spot , twenty-one millions in affluence , comfort , and splendour , at the end of twenty-one

      years and for ever . . '; ..: ¦ - : , ¦ . The laws to effect this purpose need not occupy move than a folio sheet ; while the difference between Ihree-and-anait per Cent , at which Government could easily raise the money , andfour Per Cent ; cheerfully paid by the labourer , would more thas cover all the expenses of adding a new and necessary department to the state machinery . But it is too visionary ! ' tis complicated ! because the interest of the poormanis concerned ; whikvif two hundred millions of pounds were required tor-a speculation to build a floating bridge across the Atlantic , ; or to make a tunnel from Dover to Calais ; if the subjugarton bf labouis or the importation of foreign troops , was the object , every angle in a fascinating . drawing hy some'happy draftsman would be scanned , and all FOOMSH . objections overruled by " Baamah" "Diogenes , " " a Working Man , " or " Ag ' rieola ;" and "the wind would be raised " ln spite of all perils by landand water ; ; f v ::: ' : -

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      MANSION-HOUSE . —iRTISTSExTBAonDINART . — Alderman Humphery stated to the Lord Mayor that he had , a few days ago , caused to be brought before him a person namea Foster , who was charged by a gentleman with having forcibly detained him in a room in Gracechurch-street , in order to compel him to pay for a humbug likeness a svim of money considerably greater than that which the artist professed to charge , per handbills distributed at the door , and that if a witness , in a stronger case , in which the money had been actually paid , had come forward , a committal certainly would have been the consequence . The alderman then read the

      following communications : — " 5 , Mark-lane . Mr . Alderman Humphery , —Sir , —Our clerk has just called our attention to a case in which you were yesterday the presiding magistrate . Hia account of the transaction of Mr . Frederick Foster ' s studio is precisely similar in all its details to the account given by the Times . It appears he went in , attracted by the handbill , and on the portrait being finished 7 s . 6 d , was demanded . On its being refused Mi * . Foster placed himself against the door , called our clerk a cheat , and called a man to fetch a policeman to take him before the Lord Mayor . These threats , however , did not avail , and to get out of sueh com- ; pany our clerk gave Foster a shilling without any consideration passing . —We are , yours , &c , Rdsien arid Sox . " "Alderman Humphery , Mansion-house . " -r-Frederick Foster , Artist . —Sir , —Permit me to

      inform you that the above individual , whose name appears in the papers of yesterday , endeavoured a short time back to practise a similar fraud on myself . He then had a room in Fleet-street , where I was induced to leave a " black profile , " for the purpose of having a copy made . Upon looking at the original * Mr . Foster said his charge would be 2 s . 6 d ., instead of Is ., as lie should like to execute the copy with satisfaction to himself , and that it should be ready in the course of the same day , and that the money must be paid down . I accordingly paid tho money ,- but had to call day after day , and week after week before I could get the original , or copy . I should not have succeded had I not taken out a summons against him at Guildhall . His object ; I have

      no doubt , was to extort money from me to regain possession of the original , which I told him I would not submit to if it cost me 4520 . In the event of this individual appearing again before the City authorities , I thought it right to make the above communication!—John Habwoob , Carey-street . —Alderman Hiunphery , ; Mansion-house . "— -The Lord Mayor observed , that notwithstanding the very extensive Circulation of the artistioal proceedings of Mr . Foster by means of the public press , the concourse of strangers which passed from all quarters through Gracechurch-street was so great , and the recollection of triokery of all kinds was so evanscent amongst the people of London , that possibly victims were constantly made . 'His lordshi p wished to know whether the hand-bills referred to in the former : statement were still issued at the door ?—Inspector Todhunter , who superintends the district

      in which tho .. " studio" of . Mr . Foster is situated , sai 4 his ' itoh / rtere not idle upon the subject , and if any deception , auoh ashad , been already ; represented , ' we re attempted' to ' ^ be practised , the offenders should at once be brought in custody before the Lord Mayor . ; He had reason to know that a system of extortion was carried oh by a gang who acted entirely upon the principle described . — Davis , the officer , said that in one case ; the portrait of Lord Goughhad been obtained . by one 01 the parties , and , after a vast deal of trouble , the duplicate of it was recovered , and it was released by his lordship's son ( who would not have lost it for 100 guineas J , at a Pawnbroker ' s shop in Oxford-street , where it had been pawned for 10 s . As the portrait was then recovered , " the parties would not take any more trouble about the fellows who had fraudulently obtained it , under pretence of having an engraving from ii . — Alderman Humphery hoped that in future there would ,. be no hesitation ' upon the part of plundered persons to come before the Loid &VJQT . r : - " ¦ . ' ; ' ¦ - ¦ " - ¦ ;¦ - ' ' ; '• . . "" . . . " i ; ..: - ,

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      Tins Sudden Death of a "Witness in the Central Criminal Court . —On Thursday morning a jury assembled at the Builders ' -arms , Compton-street , St . Panoras , before Mr . T . Wakley ,. M . P . / to inquire into the circumstances attending thedeatli of Mr . Jainea Dodsley Tawney , anattorney , aged fiftythree , who died shortly after be bad given evidence in the Central Criminal ; Court , - against , Samuel Grieves Harvey , - a horse dealer , for having most brutally assaulted him ; Evidence-haying been given proving the assault , the principal ¦• wit ness , Mr . Clayton ^ surgeon , said he was called to attend the , decefta ^ dibj | tthe , 4 th ^<» f ; November ; last . He oundvfourteen ^ contusibnsVonY ; his / baoki' % hiob was / generally swollen , accompanied .-, by :- ; pain and stiffness , The arms wereinuch bruised , and the right h&ndi which was also considerably swollen , was in a

      sling . There was a-large contusion on the right side of the head . Witness continued to attend him up to the day of Ins death . Witness had since made , 1 po ? t mortem examination of the body , and attributed death to congestion of the brain , which had resulted from the fatted condition of the heart . —The Coroner : Has the violence the deceased received anything , to do with his death ? Witness : Certainly not—Tho Coroner said it was useless to proceed any lurther with tho case , and the jury immediately returned the . following , verdict ;; f- " That the said James Dodsley Tawuey'die'd from ; congestion of blood on tho brain ; produ 6 ed by disease of the heart ; and that on -the 3 rd of November last , 1849 ,: the stiid James Dbdsloy Tawney was . o . uelly and . brutally assaulted byone Samuel Griefs i-ar-, vey , at tho pariah of St . Andrew , Holborn , jn tfce bounty of Middhsex . " < . ¦ -r

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      and which I did not until I was assured from you that my bill would be paid—I came in contact with another solicitor , who said ; ' If you go on -with , the defence without 2 O 6 jr 6 r 3 Q 0 Z . in advance , you will never be paid . ' I would not think as he did , - but advanced my own money on the strength of your word— -the Leader of the Chartist body . What ha been the- result ? Exactly what my professional brother prognosticated--I am unpaid to the present moment .. "Inconclusion , therefore , I once more repeat , I am exceedingly loath to adopt legal

      proceedings against you ; but I have no alternative iff am hot forthwith paid , and I trust that you wiiitake , such steps to prevent this most unpleasant proceeding to me , as you think the exigency of the case requires . It is now a year , and a half back that : I defended Mr . Verwon ; no one can , therefore , say I have trespasied on you , or been troublesome ; but ' aUsay ^ srhat a ^^ sgracefQltMngiit ^ iiliat my account has not been long ago discharged , "I am , Sir , yourTC ? Wbbedielt SlMnt , - ^^; a ^;; . ' -- v '* P . S . —I have not received the Northern Star for the last three or four weeks . "j ; e . n . "

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      If England with her proper power at home , Cannot defend her own' door from the dog , Let us he worried ; and our nation lose ¦ - The name of hardihood and policy . —Siiaxspkab *

      TO TBE WORKING CLASSES . My Emends , To prove to you that "the folly of to day may be the wisdom of to morrow , " let me call your attention to the following extracts from my letters addressed to the Irish landlords , from my dungeon , in July , 1841 , now going upon ten years ; and when you read them , ask yourselves , whether or not , every one of my prophecies with respect to the effect of Free Trade , if not accompanied by timely and prudent concession , have not been realised as regards that country . And now , in the year 1850 , 1 tell you that , you will very shortly wit- ! ness the same results as regards England , if the landlords do not come to then : senses , and measure the value of their property by State necessity and national requirements , instead of by political patronage , :

      Your faithful Friend and Representative , Feargus O'Connor . My lords and gentlemen , haying said so much with a view to free your mind from any prejudice which a conviction for what is called libel might have created , allow tue to tell you that , however the meshes of the law may have canght me , my real crime consists in an endeavour to preserve your estates from the grasp of the English manufacturers . That is' the head and front of my offending ; ' but do not mistake me—I claim no credit ' or thanks ,-inasmuch as my motives were of a far higher nature than a desire to uphold unjust powers in your hands for the preservation of a very foolish , and a very destructive monopoly . My motive was to give you the opportunity of reforming before others compelled you to transfer . My lords and gentlemen , such is precisely your present position . You have now the option , whether you -will forego monopoly and commence reform , or preserve monopoly and see your estates transferred to other hands .

      Lord Morpeth ' s Representation Bill , so fortunately defeated , would have increased the practice to an extent fiightM to be contemplated ; and , judging from the past , must either have depopulated a great portion of Ireland , or must have paralysed the hand of industrj , and have limited the expenditure of capital , by depriving the occupying tenants of all tenure beyond your will in their farms , and , consequently , all inducements and heart to ; improve their holdings . ¦ ¦ - . . . . . ... * ¦" - ' . You have now the option whether you will reform your own abuses , or allow those abuses to remain ns a mark for ibejnost powerful ( because the most Wealthy and centra , lised ) party in the state , against which to direct the full current of popular indignation , ministerial experiment and commercial speculation assault , with the view of traniferring your estates to their 01 m pockets .

      The church , in its turn , must have known that when it became a party to the appropriation of the trust property of the poor , that its turn would one day come ; and tlie landlords must have been aware , that when they became a party to the appropriation of church property to their own uses that their day woidd come ; and those who now appropriate your estates to their own nses , under the specious pretext of feeding the poor , may rest assured that their day ¦ will also come . ¦ My lords and gentlemen , I mention these things to warn you of jour danger , to alarm jou of the thiefs approach , to rouse you to action , in order that , profiting by . the portrayal of your own folly and the folly of others , you may take the means of doing gratuitously . for yourselves that which , if left undone by you , will be dpno by rougher hands ; fordone , believe me , it will be , and that right speedily . Mj lords and gentleman , pray , pray , pray , keep

      that one feature full in rtew ,-THA . T DONE IT MOST BE j and therefore the question is , who shall do rr 1 If you come forward in your political strength , and reduce expenditure , debt , wages of public servants , and all the cost of government , to that standard to which a repeal of the Corn Laws would assuredly reduce your estates , you will but nominally suffer ; your rentals will be reduced , but your burdens will be correspondingly lessened ; your incomes will be virtually smaller , but actually more valua ble , because more * ecure ; your position in society will not be theleast altered . The most wealthy will still be the most wealthy ; the several cl&gses measured by the same graduating scale , will see no perceptible change in their social or monetary arrangements . This change you can accomplish by a vigorous and timely exercise of your political functions . However , should you still cling to high

      rents and expensive government , and a false pre-eminenct from which a sudden shock may hurl you , you must , in sueh case , make timely use of your power a ? landlords ; you must bring your estates into the retail market ; to suit the habits , customs , capabilities , and wants of your own people ; while you will open for the English manufacturers a trade , a . home trade , a sure trade , larger and more remunerative than all their quackery would produce . Thus , my lords and gentlemen , you have it in your power to act as a breakwater to the rushing rapid , while you are erecting your new building ; and , if youproceed with judgment , you may strike your centres at any given moment , without fear of damage from the flood ; but , oppose the current , and ypnr all will he hurried down the stream . Does not each day ' s novelty furnish you with the one single object , however wide it maybe of , the mark ; and that that object is to reduce the working people , made surplus population by macbinsy , to the necessity , of work , ing at wages regulated by the mere existence point , or of

      emigrating to some foreign land , or of dying of hunger , or of revolting against the unnatural state of things . My lords and gentlemen , let me , in concluding this , my first letter , warn you that , at once , either the corn laws must be repealed , or you must render their immediate repeal unnecessary , or put yourselves in a condition to meet the new order of things created by repeal , or defend your estates by force of arms . Again , I tell you , my lords and gentlemen , we can rob you all in less than six weeks , though you had the Court , the Lords , and the Commons with yon ; and , having dons so , then you would be thrown into revolution with the fundholder , the parson , the mortgagee , the simple contract creditor , your mothers , your irothers , your sisters , and your dependants , who , befiev * me , will be loth to give up theirgraipupon their monopoly " , as you have been to surrender yours . Judge then , in which situation you can best arbitrate , whether before or after TRANSFER . We are called destructives , while we have borne oppression , rather than change the warfare to

      our oppressors camp . Have you ever known a working man in Ireland , with certain employment at&d . a day , and paict , to be charged with an act of dishonesty , violence , or outrage ! I have not ; and my experience goes far in that respect . I hava heard scores of magistrates admit the same . So you not then , in the uncultivated state of your land , and in the unemployed state ofthe people , discover all the errors of gbciely , and see just cause for self-reproach ? Tike class legislation aM GUNPOWDER for your dividend , and political economy for your divisor , and the result in your quotient will be a surplus of fictitious money ; alaige surplus of manufactured goods ; a large surplus population rendereduseless by machinery ; a large surplus of non-consuming unregulated producing power ; a large army ; a large navy ; a large church establishment ; a largelawestablishmeBt ; a large police establishment j a large regal establishment ; a large poor law e gtabiishmont ; a large oligarchical establishment ; a small centralised , eonred slaveowners establishment ; social rain ; an empty

      exchequer . ; little trase ; discontent , crime , insecurity property . ^ gaols ful l of political offenders ; starvation and revolutiofi ! As a superabundance of fictitious money presses hard upon , ana reduces the value of real capital , so does fictitious labour press hard upon , and reduces the value of real labour . And as the bankrupt fails . in . the midst of surplus wealth , so does the operative starvfrin'the midst of abundance , neither having the means of acquiring the drug . Thus you see merchants failing . in the . nuost of affluence , - and the people starving in the midst ot olentv "• '' 1 JJy lords and gentlemen , political economy has nofina-Uty / and ; believe me , that the . political economists will rievef rest latisfied till they mata you tenants in your own houses , steward ^ to yeur own ' estates , and beggars froni the'Pole ; thVTTurk . the Russian ^ the Prussian , and the Ameripm 7 Tin < ray ° ur land - They wish to place you upon iB * ih 6 pn 6 ardi ' imaking breeeher and contj , which , the breigner may , -pr not , purchase , according to convenience ; ii 5 ^ tliei , wouldniakeyoadepend | Dt upon , the foreigner for tlMs&you musthave three ^ times a day , _ or starve . surt

      or aotnatLwoipoi , / am quite you . never c »««* ww jfourietvatofSiwif *<*»« trantporltd thoutandt upon WottdtOtfor tht samt ^ -STEKL . ; " ' " i ' : | Tow , mylord ( umd gentlemen , it i * jny intention , M

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      ^^^ iS

      I expect that the question of ^ Registrat ion of the Laud Company will be argued in a very fewdays . The Attorney- General told me on Saturday last that that was his opinion ; and on Wednesday I paid £ 25 to fee Counsel in the case , so that we shall shortly , hear the result . I also received a summons from a member to appear in the County Court of Worcester , on Friday , but 1 got a certiorari , and put a kick in his gallop- And now , to show you the manner in which this Company

      has been dealt with , let me call your attention to the following letter ; receiyed ; from Mr . Doyle , this ( Thursday ) " morning , Vto prove that there is another " Raven " --a Government " Raven "—fluttering about the estates . In compliance with the very wise resolutions passed throughout the whole country , . I have landed over my grateful children at Minster Lovel to the tender mercy of the Mortgagees , and they have every one been served with ejectments , so that I am curious to know whether they will consider me or the Mortgagees the host landlord . Here is Mr . Doyle ' s etter . Feargus O'Connor .

      Snigs End , January 16 th , 1860 . , Dear Sib , —There is a gentleman down here , and haa been since last Monday , in search Of information from the allottees , as to their physical and social condition . I also understand tuat he asks each man whether he is an original allottee , or whether he purchased his allotment , and if the latter , how much money did he give for it ? I have made every endeavour ( short of questioning this gentleman , ) to ascertain who he is , who sent him , and what is his object here ; but I have hithevtp failed . Mr . Shopland asked him what was his motive for seeking him , and putting questions to him , and he could get no satisfactory answer from him . He has , however , invited Mr . Cullingham to call upon him

      this evening , at the Swan Inn ; and Mr . Cullingham says , ere he replies to his questions , he must know for what purpose he desires to aBk them . There are many rumours afloat as to who he is , and what he is . Some say he has been sent by the Attorney-General , t 6 glean all the information possible against you , so that a strong case may be made out against registering the Company , while others state he is the "Morning Chronicle ' s Commissioner . " In fact , all sorts of Btories are abroad about-him , but I Know hot which to believe . It is em-tain , however , ; his object is to . mahje public the information he has received , and I supDosenot in favour

      of the principles and objects of the Land Plan ; as I never knew any person of the character ( a doubtful one ) of the gentleman now here , who ever gave a fair and impartial report . He has been to Lowbands , and held conversations with O ' Brien , Howe , and several others . He has also been with Dewhurst , for at least two hours , and you may depend that that bad man said everything calculated to prejudice his mind against yourself . It will cost me a fall , or I'll find out who he is . I will write to you again to-morrow . In the mean time , believe me , dear sir , Tours respectfully , C . Doyle .

      Pjjitttv

      PJjItttv

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      -BOW . STREET ;—ATTKMM : Tcrlsimn ) ATE . _ B 6 ni Sluttaford , in the service ^ of Mr . Walker , organ * builder , of Francia-strect , Tottenham-court-road , appeared to answer a complaint preferred against him by Thomas Allavdice , another journey man , for having , by threats and intimidivtion , endeavoured to force him to leave his master ' s employment . Mr . Wontner attended for the defendant . —The complainant stated that he had been in the employment of Mr . Walker for twelve , years , and the defendant was employed in the same establishment , but he ceased to work on Tuesday week , -with about twenty Others , a few of whom had since returned . In addition to himsfilf nnir nnn man remained in the

      department to which he belonged , and off the 10 th : in 8 t ., as he was returning from his dinner , he met the defendant , who looked at him in a stern and threatening manner , and said , " Damn your eyes , you deserve to get your neck cut ; " to which ho made no answer , but went to the factory and rer peated the words to the men at work and to his employer . ' The only grievance ho knew between the master and the men was that the firmer proposed that the men should come to work at eight o ' clock in the morning after breakfast , and remain until the same hour in the evening , without any reduction as to wages , instead of coming before breakfast , which they objected to , and headed hy the foreman they left the establishment . The men used to work from half-past six o ' clock until tho same hour iii . the evening-- —Mr . Walker proved that ha explained to the foreman that the alteration he proposed was' < ohly to continue till , the days became

      longer , and understanding that his orders had not been carried out , he left word that the foreman should communicate with him in writing if lie had anything to say . He then called the men ; together , and finding they had disobeyed his directions , told them that it was clearly a . question of strength between him and his foreman , who was their leader , begging they would consider tho matter ; and warning them' not'to throw themselves out of employment , as he was resolved to carry out such a roasonr able request onhis part . He subsequently refused to receive , their memorial on such a triflng matter , and when it was handed to him he tore it without reading it : after which he was informed ' thiit the complainant had been menaced , upon which l . e got the assistance of the police to prevent any violence when he was paying the men their wages . —Mr . Jardine considered that the charge of intimidation mm& t $ mi ?> mi&J ^^ Lthe men m \ pU , if

      w ^^^^ SI ^ SS gSr&ieansJ : as tne 'defendant hnti done , which was ah offence of a seriouscharacter , rendering hjm liable to three months' hard labour . He , however , waa not disposed to inflict so severe a punishment , but would , mitigate it to six weeks' in the House of Correction . —Mr . Walker and the complainant said they were not anxious such harsh measures should be resorted to , their principal object being" that the defendant should be bound over to keep the peace . —Mr . Jardine complied with their request by not passing liientence , but ordering the defendant to give suHJties for his appearance in a fortnight , and to keegjjie peace in the meantime , which he did , and he was discharged . MARYLEBOSE . —A Conscientious Thief . —

      Edward Bradley was charged under circumstances of an extraordinary nature . —James Crump , a cabman , deposed that at ten o ' clock on Saturday night last he drove defendant from llegent-streetto York gate , Regent ' s-park , and on setting himdown there he demanded 2 s . id . as his fare . Defendant alleged that he had no money , and he was desirous of being locked up , and he was therefore driven to the station-heuse in Marylebone-lane , where he was locked up . —Inspector Hannent stated that upon the prisoner being searched at the station a quantity of the best white pepper ground was found in one of his pockets . —The prisoier ^ said he had

      recently left his friends in Birmingham to , come up to town for a little pleasure , and Having no money left he procured some pepper , with the intention of going into a shop , and thrusting it into the ' eyes of the party who might be at the counter , through which means he mijjht have effected a robbery ; but his courage failed him , upon his conscience telling him that he was meditating a sin of great magnitude . —Mr . Broughton , after putting various questions to the ¦ witnesses , ultimately came to the conclusion that it was his duty to pay the cabman 5 s ., ' and to find two sureties in £ 20 each for his keeping the peace and being of good behaviour for the next six months .

      WORSHIP-STREET . —Ali / gged Robbery bt Means of Chloroform . — Elizabeth Smith was charged with stealing a silver watch , gold ring , and nearly the whole of his personal clothing , from Mr . P . H . Jewitt , of Lime-street , City , and Westham , in Essex . —Sergeant Kelly , ofthe H division , stated that shortly before eight o'clock on Friday mornthe prosecutor was brought in a cab by one of his friends to the station house in Lemon-street , -where lio enteaed into a statement to the effect that . while passing through Whitechapel-road on the preceding evening he was suddenly jostled against by by a corpulent middle-aged woman , who rapidly pressed a hankerckief over his mouth , and he was immeuiatelrBeizetl by a feeling of stupor , which was

      auceetfed shortly afterwards by total insensibility . He remained wholly unconscious of everyshing that ensued afterwards until the following morning , when he partially recovered his . senses ^ and found himself stretched upon a wretched bed , at a low , lodginghouse in Thrawl-street , Spitalfields , completely stripped of nearly the whole of his clothing , ' and that his watch , ring , and a considerable ' sum in loose silver , had also disappeared . As soon as he bad become sensible of his situation he raised a loud outcry , which attracted the attention of a young man named Saundcrs , who lodged in She upper part ofthe house , and with whose assistance he was conveyed in a cab to the residence of the friend who accompanied him to the station-house .

      On receiving the aboee information , witness at once repaired to the house in Thrawl-street , and on searching the apartment in which the robbery had been committed , he discovered the liafcand . hoots of tho prosecutor concealed under the bed , and having ascertained that the room had been for some time past in the joint occupation of the prisoner and a woman named Biggins , both of whom had absconded , he proceeded in search of them , and shortly afterwards succeeded in apprehending the latter , but the prisoner eluded pursuit until the pre . ceding evening . The sergeant added , that from enquiries he had made that morning , he had ascertained that the prosecutor was still confined athome under the care of a surgeon from the effects

      ofthe treatment to which he had been subjected , and that he was unable at present to attend and give evidence to . support the charge . —The prisoner denied all participation in the robbery , and wa 3 ordered to be remanded . GUILDHALL . —After the disposal of the usual business a shibblly-attiued female stepped forward , and addressing Alderman Carden , said that she was unfortunately m great distress , and without , shelter . She was authoress of "Ada the Betrayed , " , " Jane Brightwell , " " Brentwood , " and other works , but was now in the greatest- distress . She was a widow , and had a daughter eighteen years of age , who was

      married , and hying in India with her husband . Her mother was a sister of the . aaii de Clifford , and she had a brother living in India . She had a work of which she had done seven quires , and if she could get shelter in a workhouse or anywhere , she could complete the work-rshe could get sixty-three guineas for it . Her brother at the present time was-Sheriff of Calcutta , and she had several friends in London , but she had not communicated with them for many years , and could not apply to them now . The applicant , who addressed the court in . a deepvoice , with a strong theatrical emphasis , stated that her name was Sarah Jones , and that she had-written under the name of Anna Maria-Jones . She admitted

      however , that herself aud mother had been disposed to insanity . , She said the chief cause of her present distress wasa distraint for- rent , ' and having boen turned out from her abode at this inclement season . She felt herself much degraded at appearing in the streets in such attire , but had no objection to . go to the workhouse for the Bake of shelter . —Alderman Cardon asked her if she would go the City Union , if lie gave her , a recommendation ? She having willingly assented , she was sent thither in charge of an officer .

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      AND NATIONAL TRADES' JOURNAL . ¦

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      S-lullrm v y goil ^ jj ^

      Jfoworsever-5ot7 Jujd-For Ever J

      JfOWORSEVER-5 OT 7 JUJD-FOR EVER J

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      It was my intention to have made a tour throughout the country before the meeting of Parliament , but , as I have resolved never to travel a mile , nor eat a meal , at the expense of any party , and as the injustice of the millions has disabled me from making such an expensive tour , I must forego the pleasure ; for Mr . Macivahaba ' s action , my own expenses therein , and to save prisoners from oakum picking , I have paid nearly £ 500 , and to prove the honour of the millions , I have received back about £ 70 ; while the receipts announced from the middle classes , upon a platform , from a very few of them , amounted to £ 1 , 500 . ¦

      At foot of this letter , I give you . one received from the Solicitor who defended Mr . Vebnon , and you will discover what he threatens me with . I shall be in Leeds on Monday next , because I rejoice to meet men amongst whom I have lived fbr seven years , and from whom I have ever experienced affection , gratitude , and support * Feabgus O'Connor .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 19, 1850, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1557/page/1/