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Northern Star (1837-1852), 29th December 1849, Edition 1 of 3, Page unpag

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    • ^O $m WOBKINU JGLASSES.
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      Untitled Article

      SmE 3 , Whusg Slates , - I can call you by no . other name , because ¦ every other class urthe communit y lives luxunoaely and sumptuously Upon your slavery . not more based upon -their union and power than upon your slaTisn and subservient ? antaonism . ; I do not apply the word antagonism *> your oppoatum to your . opponente—i apply it solely to the working ckssesthemselve « fo jour very soah yOu wffl secretl y despise tbe npingemployer thatUves upon your slavery ; tut you will croucbingly yield to Lis vidi , -wtoleyouwiUlaud the bold resolution of thefew of your own order who openly oppose tyranny ; out , nevertheless , you will allow your masters ¦ to make tools of you , and use you as competitors to reduce the wages of the few independent anen of your order .

      We are now within a month of the re-¦ opening of the « show-box , " and you will find that the several changes propounded by the Several parties will be measured by pop ular satisfaction , and all will cry out , that never ver ethepeoplemoretranquU , becausetheywere SET-TV * * % * -, ** e' *»"*« V » iSj ^ : » ir / fi 3 s Jj tiie House pfJDqmmqn ^; with " ' Bin&j at toen- head , and Protecfionas their «« CRT »' J ^ j ^ ftat such an - event would bem ' et fcy-fhe slave-owners turning out their- hands « t i . pwnaamnng revdlfifion .- \ Itoldvori ihiX

      vT y ° S ? ofaael « fion ; would return at Ja st eig ht ^ Brotecfioniste ; ^ nd . now , in contonahon of my asserfionbeirigredised , Iinv ; ***? ^ stri ct ^ entiok to iW following portion of $ 5 r . Cobdes ' s speedy recently a * iivered at Leeds , and when you h * re » ad it ' « 8 ky « Br 8 elT « wteflierl irM rahttfVW ' aftiriy calculation : — • ^ aiSS ^—" sssa'Sass : tg ^ HSStttts dSs Tftudirf ^ itbelong to them asadass : ( Arefcrasel-Iet ^ hemtearmmind what Sir Charles Wood , al ^ lieUBr KtftheEsciainer . WduswthelastseSSi nfmrlian ^ f uat ndadb

      ma g those local rates . Sd indSkgTwfcu SS ^^ " * ^ " ^ n of the country , flKaed S ^ S # , ? ltlTpair c ale 8 sainount ^ laxa ti «>^ yroportioa to the local rates of this country than any other OH ^^ ° \ - ( A-roice- 'They c ^ tto ^ yi ^ S ? ' ) WeU , IteJlfiieiaaiatafljey renewthB 5 tamir > naj the wiiolapopdation ofthis country , trfjether for tteresnmpton ofttebreaa tax , or to transfer the Dnrdens which £ jnstu * belong to them to the shoulder * of tbertatof the * ™ S ^^ J «? ! na i «* w this question re ^ jitated in a very difierentspint from what it was before . ( Applause . ) l * X them takemywordfor it , they will never haveTanother aeagneagitahon carried on with that snbserriency to strict Jpspcal argument which was observes in thelart agitation . * costmeMmear | Hment ,. asmy friends know , to keep tne league frwp gcnu jj into some other topic ; but , let but -another agtfaUoa arise , a serious one , such as these indi . wduals would try to persuade their followers-let it be seen that they bring the parliament into such a state of

      ¦ confusion that government is compelled to dissolve let it be seen thatsome man like Lord Stanley is prepared to get into the saddle . and to spur oxer the country with Ms neavspaces-and they will hear this question argued in a rerydi fierentinaanerfromwhatitwasbefore . ( Applause . ) T&ey will have the whole aristocratic system underwhich the country has been governed for the last 150 yean at -oace torn to pieces ; they will have the law of primogeniture —( applause )—and the old feudal sjstetn which remain * on this country , and remains on snfietance only after it has been abolished everywhere else—they will have this que * tion Drought up in a way which they , weak and foolish inert , tittle expect ; - { cbeers ) -and let them once enter the list again , either for another com law or for the transfer cnce of this taxation upon your shoulders , and I give them ray word of promise that they irifl come out of the conflict right happy to give up not only the corn law and any taxi , tion which they are going to by to avoid , but they wiU be glad to escape by a composition of much heavier tenni than that ( Applause . )

      Again , to shew you theresult of competition letweeu those who live upon your labour , read the following pithy passage : — But do yon think your honourble meraber here would conduct his business in such a way as that ! Do you not -think that if he saw another person of the same branch of business , conducting his business foolishly , and with a lar ^ e amount of waste which was ruining both , and threatening him with destruction ; and if he mew that the work was profitless to the individual who began the system , do you not think that if he found a rival in his business enter-; 5 ng upon such a career as that he would go and say to him , You are goingupon a system which compels me to do the same , and it will lead us both into the Gazette , if we don ' t stop it Do you not think that we had better btop it ! ' '

      Now , have I not often told you that your slavery wholly depends upon the competition of your employers ? And do you suppose that these competitors referred to by Mr . Cobben , Arith the law and power of capital at their back , would lose a single fraction by the -deadliest competition until they had first destroyed those upon whose labour they had competed ? But to give you a still stronger illustration of the fact of my oft-repeated assertion , that the application of the land to its legitimate purpose is the only means by ¦ which peace , plenty , and prosperity ^ can be ¦ restored , read the following passage in Mr . "Cobbes ' s speech : —

      Don't you think that in these times of industry , when -wealth and commerce are the real tests of a nation ' s power , coupled with wealth and intelligence—do you not see that if you beat your iron into ploughshares and pruninghooks , instead of pntin- it into swords and spears , that it will be- equally productive of power , and of far more force if brought into collision with another country , than if yon put all tout iron into spears and swords . ( Applause ) It is not always necessary to hold np a scarecrow to frighten your neighbours . Now , so much for the land , and , as I am taking the whole matter consecutively , let me add the following pithy passage to the first quotation relative to anticipated revolution , should the restoration to protection be proposed .

      These are the reasons , I have said , and I say again , that you may return with safety to the expenditure of 1835 . Kay , more , yon won't stop when yon get there . But mark me , " with all their sarcasms , they are on the highroad to it , and we will compel them to do it They will be obliged to return to the expenditure of 1835 . and to the budget which I brought forward last year , and in a short tune . But how ? By such a movement out of doors as I have mentioned , and I wish to sec it avoided . Isow what think you of that ?

      ¦ " BY SUCH A MOVEMENT OUT OF DOORS AS I HAVE MENTIONED , A 5 D I WISH TO SEE IT AVOIDED . In faith , I wish to see . it avoided too ; but what I see is the impossibility of avoiding it ; -and what I further see is , that the men who create it , and use the people for the accomplishment of their own objects , will be the very fcst to prosecute , persecute and destroy the people , -when through their instrumentality they have achievad p ower . Again , still further to prove to you that the folly of the day may be the wisdom of the morrow , read the following passage .

      Uow do you suppose , if you were to sit down to mako a ^ onstitation , without having the precedent of the present constitution to guide you , anybody would make such an absurd proposition as thata parliament should at for seven « ears without giving an account to their constituents 1 No-6 ody would dream of it Ask your railroad companies , your bank directors , any bod j in the world that has to delegate powir to another body-is there on the feceof fteworld In example ( except in our Septennial Act ) of people ginn ¦ uu their power for seven years * duration ? ( Hear , and loud cheers . ) It isno answer to me to say ttatparhaments do not last on an average more than three years . If we Itnew that parliaments only lasted three years , that would be an answer to the qnesion ; but men go there expecting that it wifl last five , six , or seven years , and they act accortinzly ; and when they comenear to the end they begin to gothrough a process something Bkea death-bed repentance , and to put their house in order . ( Applause and laughter . ) ¦ _ _ .., _ . _* not

      You remember that I have stated , < snly ont of the House of Commons , out in the House of Commons , the folly , nay , the villany , of basing present legislation upon barbarous precedents , supplied by ignorant people . I told them in the House , that if we were to be so governed , we should meet in churchyards , and ait upon the tombstones , and Ithin&Ir . CoBDEK hasnowacceptedmy ^ ew rfthe case . But to go ft ^^^ jgj tion . In analysing the auestiono / Septod Parliaments , hive I not repeated it to surfeit , that men will riolate their pledges dnring the fist five or six years of their tenure of office , Sftnen retuJ to the hustings . one * more with a death bed repentance , so that it would ™ eai that I have got a Tery pre , oc « m il Coming from Mr . CobdeK , this u Sed with ^ app lause" and « laught er ^ SSL coming from me it was received with

      To " Se to understand , that in analysing IVfr CtaM * speech , I . do not repudiate one £ de paW Cl have quoted-noteven SIn % -hich he states the use that would U 2 S " d ^ popular fury upon the attempt to re-^ to protection . 1 do not repudiate * be-

      Untitled Article

      V^^^ ^^ M sta ^ w ^ r * - ? ^ "Peech , MvOoBDra states thatthere is a probability of ninety protectiomBts being returned for "Ireland in case of a general election taking-place-=-Isat it down some weeks ago at eight * , * si that yoaBee ,-iam generaUybeforemytime . . ' But , like every ingenious man , Mr . Cobden , after graphically describing the preient system audits injustice , points out the remedy He says : —I SAT QTTALIETr YOU& SELVES . \ Loudapplaust : ) ¦ . " . ' : / "

      Now the proper exclamation to have followed ; such an instruction would have been " Bah j < hbst catch tour Hake . ' . ' Mr ! Cobden in his speech informed his -audience , " that tiw manufecturing operatftea wereneVer m a better-position than now .: : Of cour $ e ho was loudly cheered by then * - eTnbloyeraV Jmt he should also have told then } , that ' the rewflx why they were rattier better ¦ emp loyed nenp was in consequence of the two TOtotfiavftlu vwe

      t £ ona upon the Ooaiinq ^ ^ h ^ jhay re-^ jrj 4 to ; mppl y 1 ^ \ w ^ ^?*™ ^ # -2 * i P £ * $ « W « Mfc £ e& ^ ^ critic « tiy . wh ^ f « ee foreahadowed i 4 ^ e ^ Jsfimin ^ iguggley : The landjqrds' engag ^ nen ^ Habilities , responsibibhes ,. and mode of living , are all measured and regulated by Protection . This I consider not only an injustice , but a crime of their own creation , based upon their own legislation . They will not—and . in- many instances cannot

      —reduce then- rents ; and it is not at all unlikely , nor unreasonable to expect , that the farmers—when they . come to then * senseswill join "with the middle classes in the demand for a reduction of fent But then observe the difficulties with which you have to contend during the struggle . The landlords pessesa politial power ; that political power is based upon the ; evil , use they have made of their

      landed property , measuring its value as I have often told , you , and as Mr . Cobden tells you now , by . the standard of patronage j and the consequence of this will be , that as self-interest is the basis of human action ; they trould rather rely upon the result oT a blood y revolution / with the army and the Exchequer at their back , than surrender their unjust monopoly to national requirement and . State necessity .

      Meantime , you should understand that daring this conflict , and however it may end , not onl y will the wages of the agricultural labourer be reduced , but your wages also ; and the profits of all—that is , of the shopkeepers Who live upon your labour , will be equally reduced ; and depend upon it , that neither landlord nor money-lord will consent to any reduction , until you are fully , freely , and fairl y represented in the Commons House of Parliament

      Every newspaper now is crowded to suffocation with comments upon the Land question . The poor creatures , who know no more about it than an Irish pig does of geometry , all enlightening us with their own views , and each differing from the other . There's poor Wilson , of the Economist , that would not know a carrot from a parsnip , or a cabbage from a cauliflower , unless they were dressed , giving us his views ; and then there ' s the Globe publishes an article which took me half an hour to read ; and this agriculturist , like his cotemporaries , attempts to prove that the . farmers

      ought to be satisfied with present ¦ prices , because they are higher than those of 1835 , ' 36 , and ' 37—while those public instructors appear to forget the « GREAT FACT , " that in those years they cheerfully expended their capital upon the improvement of their land not only in the hope , but with the certainty , that times would change , and that they would reap the profit ; whereas now . { hey are without hope , but building upon the certainty of things becoming worse they will expend no capital , and , as is always the | case , the poor labourer will he the greatest sufferer .

      Let me now show you the only possible remedy for all these evils—it is , to bring the Land isto the Retail Market , not at sale value , but at rent value ; and by this system I undertake to prove , irrefutably , that the landlords , with protection , would receive larger—much larger—incomes than they do at present : that is , I undertake to prove that a farm of a thousand acres , let now for 1 , 000 / . a year , or 11 . an acre , and which the tenant cannot pay , including poor rates and taxes , would , if divided into farms often acres each , that is , a hundred farms , let for 30 s . an acre , that there never would be one tenant behind

      hand upon rent day ; that it would support eighty families more than under the present system ; that the hundred tenants thus located would not ) care a farthing about protection ; and that every shopkeeper , mechanic , artificer , artisan , tradesman , operative , and agricultural labourer , would be prodigiously benefited by the system . And if you doubt itinconsequence of its repetition , to surfeit , by one whose every hour has been devoted to your interest—I pray you to read , and moBt critically , the . extracts published in this week ' s Star , from Sharmas Ckawford ' s pamphlet , taken from the Irishman of last week ; and also the admirable letter of Mr . Rogers , of

      Devonport ; and bear in mind , that Sharman CRAWFORD is one of the largest and the very best landlords in Ireland . Neither he or his bailifts will be fired at , nor will a single tenant run away with his crops , because 13 harmax Crawford will not extract from him a farthing more than he is able to pay , after supporting and educating his family , 2 Cow what do yon think of the land of Jersey and Guernsey * being able to support nearly twelve hundred to a square mile , and of the cultivator being able to send its produce to England ; while England is considered over populated , and overrun with unwilling idlers , called paupers , with three hundred , or one fourth of the population to the square mile .

      Working men , you never will be legislated for justly , until you appoint your own representatives , and you never will be independent until you are located upon your own land . iThe poor rates are your ' s , both by Statute aw and Divine law ; and the value of those poor rates , at the lowest estimate , putting them down at 6 ix millions a year , whereas they are over eight millions , would produce Two Hundred and For ty Millions of money ; that

      is , would represent two hundred and forty millions . I put them down at forty years' purchase , becanse they are the first lien . upon the property ; it would not require one fraction of money to purchase them , because the landlord , if compelled to return the people's property in kind , may surrender the amount in land that would represent the purchase money . Now that would leave the nation a rental of six millions at a low rent , and -wonld wholly and entirely destroy pauperism .

      Ay ! but here ' s the rub ; the tyrants snow u as well as I do , but they live upon your pauperism , and would rather have a revolution than fiucb . an adjustment . Now averaging the land—for I wish to have good land—at 301 . to the acre , it would locate one million families , at five acres to each family ,. and would give to each family ninety pounds capital to commence his house and to perform agricultural operations , and perhaps they

      Untitled Article

      would employ the Wiwrer BIjildeh to build- ' good cottages and ont-qmces for 75 ? . each . ¦ v wmr ? P ^ ent system is , and ™ S ^ ° WJ ° live UP ° » y ° w toil may JJ «^ to tuflwr and patch it , and however t& present condition of thalrish . people , ci > ifc £ ™» flJ lp 0 U i ^ e ini 1 aity of tofc "landlords ; S ^ S ^' 811 ^^^ ^ U you that ?™ t £ ? \ ^ ^ ^ eEiiglish people will ever be satisfied antil their own property , the Lm -I P applied to its legitimate Vurjosfes , nanje ^; their own comfort , baaed upon tHeir own toil . ¦ _ ¦¦ * ' ' ¦' ¦ ' ¦ ¦ :::.: ' : ••' \ er £ ^ - ? ¥ ?? tf ^ araent shaU noV . Jfj W ayojd ^ t , be a mockery , a delusion , , or !¦§ £ & . J ; * # :- « W «»<> Py attempt , ; of a ^ V ^' iv ^ ^ J ** & . # & same unej -4 , Wall- ODDOse anv atf * mni * "«* iu * . an

      _ ,, Q& ^ party aj » auxiliary fore * to . « chieva WJ ^ ancy of their task-masters ;¦ and wo Wbshew the middleclasses / that jyhile wkaro prepared to march with them in ^ tbe onwird course-. of pregressy we aw not . prepared -to wdjtt any « tftiggte « ftim ihe resultof wiM Wtg ; wmjwl ;* 5 rive iti fair * an d-t 6 ghi 3 £ fiare . / „ - ¦ . ¦ : < i > - • ¦ - . ¦ . ;• : . 1 ; Again requesting yon to read the extract ^ and assuring you in these critical and tryhW times , that if every working man in the kingdom deserts the principles of the Charter * and it it is made treason to advocate them . 't will GLORY IN BEING A TRAITOR , all am resolved that no amount of taufit , oppomhon , persecution , or dander , shall ever mduce me to abandon the CHARTER AS THE MEANS , aW'the' LAND AS ThS

      END . Your Uncompromising Advocate , and Faithful Representative , Feargus O ^ Connor ; P . S : —I have just received -the-following letter from one of the most phUantrophic ; kifld-hearted , intellectual ; and agreeable members , not % of the Rsform Association , but of society , and one who , I believe , would not continue his connexion with any association which departed from its public recorded professions ; and at foot of the letter I place the Reformers' prayer , which he has been kind enough to send me . ¦¦ . ¦

      17 , Trinity-square , Toner-hill , Dec . 24 . Djab Sib , —I have not been in the habit of eeacUna the Northtm Star until I was informed that you had been pleased toinBert my name , coupled with other genttemen in jour leader of the 22 ndinat 8 « uuemen , # H J >» " to widest ; with all political matters , ftatl only confer myself responsible for my own decW tion 3 and opinions , and I should not continue my connexion with imyassociation if they departed from their Dublin M . corded professions . . ¦ ***»» « ? w 22 £ £ ° liber ^ of drawing your attention , and j * i ! S . i , you Me lm S «* & > * * e fable of the Do * and tne Shadow , ° 'ii ^ ft SSSS JF * yoar handsif * <• I am dear sir , jours faithfully , W . J . sIll .

      THE REFORMERS' PRAYER . i ? ' ^ ^ mutable ! Eternal ! Invisible , save in Thy Wondrous Works ! Unheard , save by tZ slnmnenng elements of Creation in Thy Word W (^;" & light ! " and Light was ! "Who art without beginning of flays or end of year 8 , ~ wo would begm and end every good " word-and work with . Thee ! Righteousness exalteth a nation , — teach us to oe righteous . Tbou hast made liana little lower than the angels , and hast crowned him witb glory and honomy-inspiro him with respect for his own nature , and us with reverence for the infinite sigmflcancy of a human soul . —The meanest

      Sf ° *«? "nportal—the greatest ' are but asyoster-3 ay wlau-ifr u past :-Teach the mi ghty how mea * IS time—and the mean how mighty is eternity King of . kings and Lord of lords / before whom the mightiest monarch * are but abject vassals , and at whoso bar judges will be judged , —in whose awful presence sovereigns will hide their crowns , and veil their faces , and nothing but Truth and Justice can stand , —teach rulers that are found wanting , that Thou hast , weighed them in the balance , —roo ^ ire of unjust stewards the talents the Lord of the vineyard has committed to their care , —and enable all to perceive that Thou art no respecter of persons , but acceptest those alone who diligently serve Thee .

      Man lives not by bread alone . By Thy Word , which by its power could feed multitudes , and yet by its frugal providence commanded mortals to gather up the fragments , Thou hast taught the nations that nothing should be lost . Teaoh governors the wisdom ef economy , and Thine earthly vicegerents tlie wickedness of waste , and the wholesome uses of a sparing management of Thy material bounty . . Give to statesmen a saving grace-to use thy temporal gifts as not abusing them , and to remember that they are set over us for our good , and under Thee for their guidance . We are all equal in Thy sight , —may we be equal also in our own . The great ones amonp ; the Gentiles exercise dominion over them , but Thou hast said it shall not be so among Thy followers , for the chiefest among us shall be our servant , and our minister shall be the greatest of all . Thou hast

      made ot one blood all nations and taught us to call Thee Father . Forasmuch then as we are Thino offspring , and that Th y firat and great commandment is , " Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself , " hasten the reign of Peace on earth , and good will among men . Turn our swords into ploughshares , our spears into pruning hooks , —prosper our agriculture , make the solitary . places glad , bo that the desert may rejoice and blossom as the rose , neither may there be War any more . —When the small still voice whispers , ' Which is my nei ghbour ? " let conscience answer , "He whom I can serve . "~ When Jerusalem would hold r . o dealings with Samaria , remind us that Thou art a spirit , and to be worshipped neither in temples made with hands , nor in consecrated cathedrals , but ia spirit and in truth .

      Counsel the Queen s Counsellors , and teach our senators wisdom . Bless us with wise and upright magistrates , fearing Thee and hating covetousness . Majesty itself is nourished by the field , —awaken the prince to the sense of what he owes to the peasant , animate him with that pure religion and undefiled which visits the widow and the fatherless in their affliction , and guide him by Thy Spirit to the conviction that earthly power doth then show likest God ' s , when merer seasons justice . Suffer not Pharisees to lay burdens on men ' s shoulders that are grievous to be borne , while they will not touch them with one of their fingers . Let not the poor be bought for silver , or the needy for a pair of shoes , that the rich may sell the refuse of the wheat . Renew within this people the right

      spirit which shall lead them to prove all things , and hold fast that which is good . —Inspire in us the love of that liberty wherewith Christ hath made us free , —and to that end do thou make us children in malice , - but men in understanding . Knowledge is power , —enable us to thirst after it—prosper the means of education—spread abroad the reign of intelligence—of that wisdom from above which is first gentle , then peaceable , full of good fruits , without partiality and without hypocrisy . Save the people from those , who while they promise them liberty , are themselves the servants of corruption—enable us to separate power from licentiousness—to have a giant ' s strength , but not to wield it as a giant—not using our liberty for a cloak of maliciousness , but as the servants of God .

      Prosper the cause of temperance ; that emancipated from the slavery of their appetites ; men may learn by sobriety tbe virtue of independence , and be strengthened to defy that fear of man which bringetb a snare . Let all the ends we aim at bo our Country ' s and Truth ' s , and God ' s . Bless our native land—in its basket and in its store . Give rulers hearts of flesb , and no more hearts of stone . Teach property that it has duties as the equivalent of its rights—and protect poverty in its ri ghts while it is strengthened to discharge its duties . Let us not give up to party what was meant for mankind , or lend ourselves to faction for the gain of

      the few , at the expense of themany . Shed Thy Messing over that vast Empire which Thou hast committed to our stewardship , for Thy service and the happiness of the world . Inspire i ' j us a sense of the awful impottanca of our trust , a ^ d enable us to teach the nations how to live by the lesson of a good example . Teach the Queen that from us , under T ' iVCe i 8 ne derives her power ; that to seek Thy kin ^ uOm j 310 preserve her own , and that to bo Thy su ^^ is best to find loyal subjects in us . Adorn our chief magistrate with the Christian graces , and give her wisdom to choose wise counsellors , having a Bingle eye to tb < j public good , and

      Untitled Article

      ttSSSt , ?* : * " *?*' , * i wt * " <* rist eW / PfrS ^^'^^ 'eMofthe . a sonnttiS £ S ° u f tho sPirlt of lo ™ and of fh / in £ l mi ^~? e 2 ! L them-ansflrer them-help bVTK « ft * tyThy bountiful han * -lead them ¦ fcf S P' ^ tol- save them fro m oppressi oni ^ i ^ wsfef iufe ^§ . to ' every >^ n 's door , and enable 3 L * - IJ ^ pire ^ Pect . for ' the laws , by Thfe wisdom , W y ,- and ' imbartialitv of thk ,. ° V . A ; .

      2 gfgU » %$ * more sedulous to prevent ' ^^^ !? SS ^ #£ Jft ^ lth 'T HyU ywn ^ o ^ fdiay bread . "TeacV us " | j ££ ||||^^ . Jtflee . KTHenivfers ftUoftiDOTlo ' jJoy . ^' niavwflfi > n !* £ . > + Mh : and that * he wealof the many Ui the ? S . J ? interest / of the Wv inhonourrpreSi one courtand 8 tabi

      m to JSI 85 E - • > " Godliness is great gain—may Thy minister * nn onger make a gainl of Godliness . . TWh 3 SV » £ f . "" . ¦»«» . ¦ the . Bheop , - and not S the shepherd-that they must , watch as well as pray * not as dumb dogs , but as faithful pastors E to Thee , s the sound of viols , or . whoWvers of oil What the . solemn meetings or . Vain oblations ? Thou wilt not hear for much praying nor answer viin ri petitions . Thou madesfthe sfbbath for mVn ! Z man for the sabbath ^ and religion for the teonle not alone' for the priests . " UnclS akthVPharisee and 16 tbe ch of

      5 TSL W " ' -1 " ?* «^ covetous . ness—that , the cure of immortal souls mav no longer be profaned by the traffic of mammon ^ or the punty f the sacred calling be . deftled by thTj £ of faction , or the sordid purposes of party J Wearenot only members of afamily , and sub-¦ Kfifc . £ V tete i bufcc l . tlzen 3 of the world , and the Itv ? l % common humanity . We are men-let noth ng that is humfln be foreign to us-but hasten the time when there shallbe butone LordoneaSa " 2 ShT ^? TbyA f l ha 11 bedonohere Sow as Mi w there above , and when the children of a day shall claim as , a Father , the Great Parent of the Universe , and strive to , be more worthy of His lovo by loving one another ; and keeping His command-Tnents . Amen .

      Untitled Article

      arrived , tlio voters gat round a large table , lie . Stocks' proposer on his right , andHis seconder on his left . .. " There-you . go , Stocks , " , said , tho proposer ; putting bis paper into the ballot-box '; '" thera you go again , Stocks , " , saiil th&eoondcr ; -while , perhaps , you will-be astonished to hour that when the ballot-bos whs opened Mr . Stocks had not ONfi sisole vote . Sow , could' any -fact -more clearly illustrate tho deception th . at the Ballot would giv $ rise'to with tlie pescnt limited suffrage , when yott reflect that the . labour question is the / great o ^ uea * tiori which must noyv be solved , and ihe . innjority of the electors live upon the knavery , the dependence , and the disunion of t he electors ?

      In large towns , where freemen , as they arcjcalled , sell their votes for five 'Shillings or half-a-crown , tha ballot may bo essential , ' and . until a system of vejvrei ientation based upon tAe mind and freewill wa 3 framed , it might also . bt \ necessary ; and for this reason : because many English masters employ from live to seven thousand haiids , and a few of . those , lashi . ug their slaves to th V hfisting 3 as tlib Irish slave- owners -were in the h ' al ufc of using their slaveSj ) may neutralise and overpow . ^ r the free votes of a majority in any electoral , di ' strict- To conclud * under this head , let m . e : assux .-3 you that the , ballot without t be vote is the grate without the fife , th 6 tpit wilko ^ the lfg of- mutton , ' 'the pot uithout tha [ potatoes . { . "» morfi , for the bi llot , of which tha

      j tneze coat electors and the inde pendent voters o % ilrsland have 11 never ' stood in ne . * d i as "w ™ theni jpiinciple and '« li ! vr ;« 48 r has ever . \ oea dearer thai imtmey . Now- ; to ' ' : ; EQW ^ r- 'EMlBtOItiL DISTRl CIS . ' ' ! frijhmen , in- Jfhea-. days of p . rogress > > whett tHero is knowkflg ^ - ; . vpon . every pa . ^ ing ;; , )? 1 **; 1 wlien we are got « Anoo 5 by , railways ,.. ueam . naviga , * tion ,.. the electrr *\ tel «] jsiph , penny \ postege , th 4 p ™ si » gpre sVan ' ( Stt . ' atgigaHitiomonsti * macliinery wHioH' has qprne vimw ab > with a ho , V » ^ ° P » ^ a jumpy and > fcich& iff- ' Hot" ret legislat « d for , an which ; makes , the ' - ; wv ) iikaJ Er *" mah' the , 4 eP « ndenj ¦ ¦

      : " »« ' « » ywi-ww .-Bw . -g 0 T ( W *« l ^* yi : BM « W . * W , ti 8 tib » i . enacted by ; fe ^^ nortfcl » wbarbaii . ?« i age * , limay ^ bftr-jastified . in . diiflgisK . r , ; V " . v ^ . ^\ " ^ f- 'Knoff-,. then , Irislimsn ,. thai ap * to the-. W'g « o ( James the-First you had- leq \ ial > electoral ' < Matricts m Ireland ^ . and th ' alt momtrofo croatec ' forty rotten boroughs , whoso representatives con ? tituted more than > a third of theT ? ish paiil&Maenfc s o pol « luted and corrupted b ym"Mte of mona filial tools and iondics , . all welliremunenated for their prostitution ,, was to pass awaef to-attaint O' Kial , PDonel , ( yiDogherty , O'CaHianyancJ other pn incea and nobles , whose estates in'UrsfcwIiiadbeen previously seized by Janies ; and-that' 6 Se sanw parliament

      assigned to the snmi rton&rohi over 59 & 009 acres m Lehwtep to be divided : amongst ' ins tn ^ lish followers ; nnd to show > - yoai the effetl ot such a ^ iniquitous system of piander , the . i h * i" 1641 t (> th < J Revolution » affdl JlumT W- '? Irishmen , alw » y 8 bear one conchiaiveand ' iirefut- * awe tact in mind , that Irei , ind snn » nitD ' i Piblia * ' f ' n an d rtl «»* eason though Oatholicq coull vote , Catholies cosM not sit in ParHhment , which they were obliged to support tho tyrant ' s Church . i £ t me give you an instance , ono wltieh -will prove ; the sincerity and reli gious devotionof ' voiir Prote 3 « !„ n { tl l / eu liUlord ms li ! lble to . tithe for tha support of the Protestant parson : andiwhatdo vou

      tnmK ot the Protestant representatives of a Catholio people passing a Tithe Agistment in m ^ . to exempt ttieir own land from the payment oftitfiVto « iipport the divine trustees of their own conscience . Irishmen , only picture to yoiirseives a- poor for . lorn widow ; with six desolate orphans ,, scratchin / j by the road-side for a snfficiency of manure to pro-( luce nalf-an acre of potatoes ; think of the loyal yeoman , with his rod coat , his badge of loyalty , digging every tenth rood of that widowWatoea , while the feudal lord , with his three , four , orfiva thousand acres laid out in pasture , sheep . w » Ik , aui deer-park paid not a fraction . I may be told that these times aro past and gone but I deny it . They are differentl y represented in the magic lanthorn , but tho oppression still continuesi and

      • to show you how men that won't feel for others will feel for themselves , when the legal goadkpricks them let me remind you- thsfc . wfiea Goulbourn s . Act for the commutation , o £ tithe threw a , share of the onus upon the- landlords' , many of those landlords , who had formwry im » prisoned , transported , Bhot , and hung the resister i of the payment of tithe , wove tho first tooryoufe when a portion of tho burthen was transferred to their own shoulders , they were the most ? violent spoutors at public meetings , many as magistratea were deprived of the commission of the peoo ©; and in the ; courae of a few years Parliament did them the justice to relieve them of tw enty-five per cent , of the burthen , although you are not benefited to the amount of a fraction by the reduction .

      - My countrymen there is namore important point m the People ' s Charter tten , ' * X < tVXI ,- KUU ) iOTt \ t DISTWCTS . io give you a full-length portrait of the abeardity —nay , the iniquity , would oeeupy more spao * than I am entitled to ; however , as tlie inequality of tha English system is equally oppressive as the Irish system , I shall lay the English system befei * yeuin another letter ; while , for the present , Ishallcon * fine myself to an analysis of the Irish systenu Hera it i 3 as regards representatives and population : — Population . llepresentativesr , Antrim 270 , 188 2 Armagh 232 , 293 2 Cai-low 86 , 223 2 Cavan 243 . 158 2

      Clare 286 . 3 M 2 Cork- 773 , 398 ' 2 Donegal 290 , 448 Down 361 , 410 " Dublin H 0 . 047 Fermanagh ... < lo 6 , 48 l 2 Galway 422 , 923 2 Kerry 203 , 880 2 Kildaro 114 , 488 2 Kilkenny 183 , 319 . 2 King ' s County . 140 , 359 2 ¦ Leitrim 1 . 55 , 207 2 Limerick 281 , 638 2

      Londonderry .,, 222 , 174 2 Longford 115 , 491 2 Loutli 111 , 970 -2 Mayo 388 , SS 7 2 Mcath 183 , 828 2 Monaghan 200 , 442 2 Queen ' sCounty 153 , 930 ; 2 Koscommon ... 258 , 521 2 Sligo 1 S 0 . 8 S 6 ¦ 2 Tipperary 435 , 553 2 Tyrone 312 , 950 ' 2 Watorford 172 , 971 . 2 Westmeath ... 141 , 300 2 Wexford 202 , 033 „ 2 "Wicklow 120 , 143 2

      7 , 057 , G 70 H iJow , here you have a population of seven millions , six hundred and fifty-seven thousand , six hundred and seventy-nine , sending sixty-four members to-, parliament ; while a population of three hundred and forty-two' thousand , three , hundred a » d twenty-one , send fovty-one members to Parliament . Again , the county 6 f Cork , . with a . population of seven hundred and soventy-threo thousand throe liundrod and ninoSy-ei ^ lif , ; sends two members to parliament—while- the tmiversity of Dublin , with a population of leeches , of seventeen hiindred Mid twenty-seven , -who Hvo \ ipon your

      sweat ,, your blood , and your marrow , sends two members to parliament . But , my countrymen , with your assistance , and Gcil ' s blessing ,, we will pull down all , those temples of corruption , of dissipation , and . barbarism—aad , in their 3 tead , ercst the templo of happiness ,, contentment , and peaeo . Ireland has been our mother , our criidfe , our iuirse , and our protector . Ker ' anxious , heaving bosom , has bscn . the pilloyf of our infsuisy—slio will , I trust , be ouv grave ; and shall-we not , then , prepare-her for our reception—thai our memories may spring through- her pure aiul hallowed mould , and ; long livo gaecn ia tho lsywl of ouu nativity , ^ our faithful ftioiul awl countryman , London- Teamus O / 'Conkor .

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      " ¦¦ ' ¦¦ ywt , Meetixo op Parliament . — We believe ^ e may with some confidence announce that Parliament will meet for the despatch of business on Thursday , the 20 th of January , It is not yet known whether tho session will bo oponed by liev ^ ujcst } " W \> j royal commission , —Watty Ghmmlti

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      ^ i ^ u ^ 7 ^ e 3 t'minS delegate meeting was held m the Democratic School-room , - Croftstreet , on Sunday , December 23 rd , for the purpose of discussing the best . means of carrying out the new plan ot organisation . Delegates present : ~ Hahfax , George Webber , Thomas Holdan ; Hudderafield , James'Emsal ; Holmfifth , Jame * Hurst : Wilsdan , Jonas Sugden ; Bradford , John Smyth Ihomas Wiloock , secretary . Thomas Holdan in the chair . The resolutions were adopted . Moved / . «! Smyth , and seconded by James Emsal , Mnatm tbe opinion of the delegates present the plan of organisation , as put forth in tho AW «

      War , of December 22 nd , is defective , inasmuch as there is not provision for carrying it out ; neither is there any plan by which localities are to elect efficersm the country ; we ; therefore , are obliged to reject the plan laid down b y tho Metropolitan Conterence . ' Moved by John Smyth , - seconded by George \ Vebber : - •< That this meeting recommend to the Chartists generall y to continue the agitation for the People ' s Charter , whole and oniiro , tWugh ^ the mediumof lectutos ,. tracts , and alt legal and peaceful means t 6 obtain its enactment ; and we call upon the nation to propose a plan of organisation , whereby power will be given to enable the localities to elect officers , so that the energies of tho people may be' concentrated for one and the '' *? oved ^ George Webber

      ^ 1 ^ 1 ™ :. . y , seconded by James Hurst : — " That we , the delegates , recommend the Chartists ot the West-Riding of Yorkshire to take into consideration the propriety of establishing a West-Riding Co-operative Manufactory , to consist of £ 2 shares , to be conducted solely by , and for the benefit of tho working classes . " Moved by George Webber , seconded by James Emsal : —" That the delegates present take copies of . tho above resolution , and lay the same before the locality he represents ; and that the secretary write to all localities in the Riding , and send a copy of the above resolution . " Moved by

      George Webber , seconded by James Hurst : — "That one penny per member levy be paid in at the next West-Biding delegate meeting , for the purpose of defraying the expenses of the Riding ; and that all localities on the West-Riding lecturing plan be requested to send delegates to the next West-Riding delegate meeting , for tho purpose , of making a fresh plan , and for the payment of the expenses of the last plan . " Moved by Thomas Wilcock , West-Hiding secretary ;— " That this meeting adjourn to the ftrst Sunday hv February , 1850 , in the Democratic School-room , Croft-street , Bradford , at terf o ' clock in the morning . "

      Great Chartist Demonstration at Northampton . —On Wenesday evening , a grand Chartist demonstration took place in the Music Hall , commencing with a tea-party and followed b y a public meeting when the spacious hall was crowded to suffocation The chair was oocupied by Mr . Bates ; and severai excellent songs and recitations were given . At about seven o ' clock Mr . G . W . M . Reynolds , who had received a special invitation to attend , entered the hall , accompanied by Mrs . Reynolds , and was received with the most enthusiastic applause . — Being called upon to address the meeting , Mr Reynolds made a long and argumentative speech in favour of the People ' s Charter , and the necessity of resuscitating the Chartist agitation throughout the

      land . He dwelt with his usual vigour upon the wrongs . of the workingclasses , and the tyranny of the rich , exposing all the infamous abuses which characterise our political and social institutions , and showing how the oligarchy regard and treat the millions as their slaves . Having urged upon the audience the neoessity of agitating for the rights and privileges so audaciousl y withheld from the " serfs ' of this kingdom , and having shown the working men how they were nothing but "hewers of wood and drawers of water" for the indolent , pampered , arrogant aristocracy , Mr . Reynolds proceeded to observe that he invited his hearera to nothing save a peaceful and moral , though firm and unflinching agitation . ( Cheers . ) He drew a picture

      of the State of the continent , showing what it now is , and what it might have been , had not the " crowned miscreants " pot the upper hand of the people . But he declared his conviction that tho nations would rise again , and that on the next occasion it would be no child ' s play for the foes of freedom .. { Loud cheers . ) Germany was sure to rise within a year ; Hungary and northern Italy would follow : and France would not remain behind . ( Hear . ) We werp standing on the era of momentous events ; the affairs of Europe , though apparently clouded to the gaze of the superficial observer , were really , touching upon that crisis which was built of hope for the lovers of true freedom . When once the ball of revolution should commence rolling over

      the continent of Europe again , emperors and kings would not fly temporary , fat would be exiled for ever ; thrones would not be merely shaken , but would be upset altogether . ( Tremendous cheer- " ing . ) lnen the social and democratic principle would receive a fair trial ; and from the banks of the Seine to the waters of the Danube , the true spirit of Republicanism would prevail . ( Cheers . ) Kossuth Mazzini , and Ledru Rollin , would become the leaders of European freedom ; and the glorious work would inevitabl y be accomplished without ear of further impediment , much less of reaction . ( Prolonged cheers . ) . Mr . Reynolds then proceeded tstare

      o mat - the people of England must be prepared to a vail themselves of the coming events U fi-M ^ ontin ent , and take that imposing moral altitude ,- \ rhicb . would win thorn their rights . Their ' s would < je a bloodless triumph consummaUd by peacefu l means ; but the issue would not be the less froru > us . ( Cheers . ) Mr . Reynolds then expatriated at great length upon the ' principles of the People ' s Charter , ami concluded a long speech amidst prolonged and enthusiastic applause . —A vote of thanks , proposed by Mr . J , Rymill , and seconded by another gentleman on the platform , was then awarded to Mr . and Mrs . Reynolds , for their presence on the

      occasion . , Uotiixgium . —The council met on Sunday afternoon ; Mr . Trecce in the chair , when the secretary informed the-meeting that the Mayor had granted the use . of the Town-Hall , for Mr . White ' s lecture on New Tear ' s day . The council , then to . ok into

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      ISft * th * Golonel HtoKMon Sy dt cusbedtlie ; oonsiitution , an * every clause « 8 unanimously agreed to . -On »«*} eTeninir rtte B&Sd **»»!»« % , -when , itcwwunanimous ?

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      ******* + * + # +. ^¦*>« n—^^ l ^^ . . _ _ . _ „ . . . _ . TO THE IRISH PE 0 S 1 E . S i ^ jja ^ irsaBRas » awassssK-assss * Thc ^ ' -bl ou » . Times , ' wldits tKrecha ' penuy And yourTarlimint-housei . wid its Saxon ODncMgor . >« uv = ,, . ; , , -v . ^ ^ . sjs ^ ij ^ i , ,. +.,.,..-R- . O- f ? . : *; ^ p % ^^» ig ^^ : ~ Qk ~^ ¦ 1

      fit - e i - analysing the severaJ points of the much-reviled Charter , it is my dbtv to do so in-language that aU can understandl and in a spirit that none can repudiate . The greatest difficult y against which Ciwutisnil has . had to contend is the foolish an < J «¦ citable language in which its principles have been propounded , and the fear with which " ft has struck the privileged classes ; the expounders of the : law explaining it to Juries a » a wholesale system of plunder , while the af . frighted proprietors of every description of property have based their support of what is

      foolishly termed liberal government upon dreadof-Chartism . - • Whenever . the -Whigs have , been out of power , if they have not votedfor , they have defended , Chartist principles ; nay , ever since the . commencement of Lord Grey ' s Reform agitation down to the present moment , the Whigs have held office upon no better tenure than popular fury , created by themselves , and when they have achieved power ,: they have enacted the most sanguinary laws to suppress the expression of opinion .

      But , my countrymen , mark it now , and mark it well too , when I tell you , that never was there such an anta gonism of classes in larliament , as you will see next Session . And observe , that this prediction comes from one who has had twenty-seven years closoand continuous experience in political matters . Jn 1822 , Iwas obliged to fly my country for thirteen months , during the time of the White- ' hoy disturbances . In 1831 , 1 was tried in the county of Cork for anti-tithe agitation . I have been tried in England for Chartism in 1839 , 1840 ( twice ) , and in . 1843 , together with fiftyeight others , for eight days , and in every instance the Crown has appointed a special iurv to try me . J '

      "I have been immured in a condemned cell in solitary confinement for nearly eighteen months . I regret that the ignorance in which you have been kept with respect , to English politics should render it necessary to inform you—perhaps for the first time—of the suffermg and persecution to which I have been subjected for the advocacy oiihe principles which Iamnnwlprbppunding . ^ My . countrynien , during the whole period of Chartist , agitation Irishmen have held the most prominent position . They have been amongst the ablest lecturers , and have always constituted a fair proportion of Government victims . I think this introduction is necessary to convince you of three things—1 st—The difficulties against which we have to contend ; 2 nd—My sincerity ; and 3 rd . —That Irishmen in England , wlio understand the subject , do not repudiate the principles sought to be characterised as damnable and destructive ; and above and before all , bear in mind that John O'Connell voted for every point of the Charter last Session of Parliament .

      Irishmen , you are not mere slaves in your sea . bound dungeon—you are worse than criminal convicts in a penal colony ; your sufferings are consequences of oppression and misrule , and oppression and misrule are consequences of your disunion ; and my principal and only object in devoting very valuable time to your service is the hope of establishing a union which will destroy oppression and misrule . As soon as I have analysed the six points of the much-reviled Charter , I will then write

      you a series of letters showing the right of every man to be maintained in comfort , happiness , and plenty in the land of his birth , and the capability of Yoon LAND to effect it , I now come to

      VOTE BY BALLOT . Under the present system of franchise , I am opposed to Vote by Ballot ; but in order to show the difficulties against which / public men have to contend , I have felt myself bound by duty to my party to vote for it , lest my opposition should warrant the antagonism of any party professing liberal principles . Lord John Bussell , Lord Stanley , when a Whig , and many other prominent Reform

      agitators , declared that ono of the chief objects and the main result of the Reform Bill would be , to place the electors under populab VIGILANT CONTROL . Such an avowal can lead to no other conclusion than that the voters are trustees , and that the people are the owners of the property , and that , therefore , upon the misuse of that trust , the owners of the property have a perfect right to demand its surrender .

      ^ To show you that there is one law for the rich and another for the poor , let me remind you that all the members of clubs vote by ballot , but that all have a eight to vote . Now , this shows the difference of the ballot a& applied to Universal Suffrage . Now , let iia suppose the number of voters in Ireland to be one hundred thousand—but it , is not fifty thousand ; but taking them at ono hundred thousand , and the population at eight millions ' , one in every eighty has the vote . Suppose , then , a club having four hundred members , and suppose five of those , or one in eighty , to have tho vote ; do you imagine that tho 395 would long tolerate such a system 1 or do you suppose they would allow the five to . vote with masis upon their faces ? ,

      The Ballot , with tho present franchise ,, would destroy wholesale bribery , but it would also deceive the people , as all would declase that they voted for the popular candidate , awl no one could refute it ; and thus that popular vigilant control , so necessary to be exorcised , would be destroyed . I think I can give you the moat perfect illustration of the result of tho ballot , with a limited constituency , and which I stated in tho House of Commons *

      Mr . Stocks , a man in extensive business , and holding a high office in Huddersfield , was once requested by ardent and professing friends to , allow himself to be put in nomination for a vacant office . The contest lmd been between a Whig and a Tory ; and one party wishing to divide the interest of tho other parky , waited upon Mr . Stocks , and assured him that if ho stood he would be electod by a largo majority . Mr , Stocks acquiesced , the day of ballot

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      inEMmEE ^ OF YORKSHIRE . ' . ISO THE EDITCiV . OT THE SOKB ^ ffijef STAR . SiP)—The mine's , of the ahovo . place l ) av $ ) for seTercil months pagi been trying t # . unite themselves fcoi- thoir mutual , jrotcction throughout th'Aoatira d&bnot , viz .: ifcjiwalton , WastgaSe-lano , ' leathertowa , Gildcrs o ^ e-, &c , &c .,, and ihey now number i from 250 to 300 ; . No soonoiv did it bccoiao known ^ amongst th « coal musters , t jmt the minces - of the ¦ whole district were about to . send in statements to > thoir resBBctive collieries ,, asking for aa advance

      ot abo \ iV 5 fcvepeivce per . tojs for dressing tWir' coals ,, &c , than , they gonewijly ' agreed 'to advance thei ? coals totthocoiisumsr .-n ' vopence per t&a . Now , Uuj minons ,, generall y sj > es \ Vmg , ave go&ling not less thau four tons pr . day j thus whiloihe masteraaro unwilling to g ' ws ota fourth part of the advance fxom . the consumer , they will pocket froij \ each man . * s days work » ot less than Is . 3 il . T \\ a coal masters have-lately held a meeting ; at which they resolved not te give employment to any mujer who may liavo been discharged by his former employer , GK JJrown , GUdorsomo-stycot , near Leeds . ¦ -

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      /( P , iMiei ^ m ^^ siiiliiiife Mmki ^ M

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      C mia ma p . 636 . - ¦; , __ i jlMBlii ^^ ' ^ ^^ . r- ' -

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 29, 1849, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1554/page/1/