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Northern Star (1837-1852), 10th November 1849, Edition 1 of 3, Page 7, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      «HNASCIAL ^ y PARMAjffijjT ^ Y ahs URat [ SPEECH OF I ^ IGHT , AT MASMr . J . Bright , M . P ., was then introduced to the meeto | , andro roaved with enthusiastic cheer-* g Hesaid : It is impossible for me to looffon thislarje assembly vmhout feeling cheered by the wmwfaon that it may be takea as a manifestation of the Kistencfiofasouna and healthy pSfeSLg m this great town and district . For we have met here to inquire and to discuss . We are metTto spread » much as lies in our power , sound opin ions onqHesbonsmost important for us to understand ; and for the purpose of advancing principles and a knowledge which we be'ieve to be essential for the ... » . . , „; , ¦ RBi ? rtoir ~ " sniA 1 "

      contentmentandpennanent prosperity of this country . And I doubt whether there has ever been a fame when it-was more necessary that we shoulc meet than the present ; for , looking over a very considerable portion of the earth ' s surface , liberty does not seem to bemKgh feather . A great portion of the continent of Europe is now groaning under a military despotism ; and we have found that those who arrogate to themselva the title of powerful organsfortheexpression of the public opinion of this country have been most enthusiastic to support most gneTCUS and appalling wrongs inflicted on certain continental countries . And I know not why we should suppose that these same parties would not be equally ready to uphold and to justify acts of a like

      mfemous and wioked nature , were it safe to practice them withm Ae limits of this kingdom . I am , therefore—whilst I sympathise to the utmost possible degree with all those persons who in any part of flie world , are struggling for freedom — disposed to look at home , and to recommend to my fellow countrymen not to lose sight of that which remains to be done with regard to the institutions and the government of our own country . We are here a meeting for the purpose of advocating Financial and Parliamentary Reform , and cor worthy chairman has said that the question of Financial Reform was a very Wide question , inviting us to investigate and inquire into nearly all departments of the pnblic service . He pointed out the colonies , and reference has been

      made to our military establishments . Now , I am disposed to confine myself very much , on this occasion , to a very partial discussion—for it can only be partiat-of that question which I believe at this moment is of more pressing . importance to the welfare of the United Kingdom than any other question to which your attention could possibly be called—1 mean to the condition of an island which we forget to be in existence , but which is equal in extent of population to one-third of this great United Kingdom —the island of Ireland . ( Hear , hear , and cheers . ) It needs no ingenuity to show that the topic to which I ask yonr attention is intimately connected with the objects of this meeting . If 40 , 000 soldiers aremaintained in Ireland , chitflv out of the taxes naid hv the

      people of Great Britain , the people of Great Britain nave a right to know why they are there , and if it be necessary that they should be there . And bear in mind that yoar men who are afraid of a Russian fleet or a French fleet , or of Russian of French armies , hare nothing to say in behalf of those 40 , 000 men in Ireland . For they are not thereto keep off a foreign foe—no man pretends it . They are there because the people of Ireland either are , or are supposed to be , net indifferent only , but hostile to the institutions of this United Kingdom , and hostile to ihe power and the government of the Imperial Legislature . I will suppose for a moment that this audience never heard of Ireland—and in truth , for what a very large portion of us know of it , I believe we

      might as well have never heard of it ; for , notwithstanding all that has been written in the newspapers of its miseries and its wrongs . I believe those of us best acquainted with its condition have most inadequate notions of the sorrows and oppression which the people of that unhappy country have endured . ( Cheers . ) I will suppose that you never heard of Ireland , and that you are told for the first time that within four hours * steamirg of Holyhead there is an island comprising 20 , 000 , 000 or more of acres of land —an island of vast antiquity as regards the existence of a population upon it , and as regards its historyan island whose soil is represented by all writers and all persons acquainted with it to be the most favourable for the production of everything necessary for

      the sustenance of man whose climate is as favourable as its soil—an island whose harbours are certainly of an unsurpassed , if they are not of an unequalled , character for the prosecution of an extensive foreign commerce ; whose rivers , I believe , when we take into consideration the surface of the island , are not equalled by the rivers of any country in the world in their adaptation for an extensive internal commerce —an island which has large citie 3 , as large as the larger class of cities in this country ; which , has a population : or at least had not long ago , of not less than 8 , 000 , 000 of souls—and more than all this , aa island which for many centuries past lias been influenced by the British Crown , and for 160 years at least has enjoyed the mysterious benefits of our

      glorious constitution . ( Cheers and laughter . ) Now , if you had never heard of Ireland till to-night , and I had given you this description of its natural advantages , what would you expect ? Why , certainly , that it was a model country—that industry was visible in it on every hand , wealth accumulating , the peogle orderly and contended ; and , in point of fact , that it might be pointed to by other nations as a country that offered an example well worth following . But now what are the tacts , if we come to examine them ? And let we observe , that I am now going to speak of Ireland as it exists at this moment ; because I know what answer would be made by persons who want always to shift their responsibility on to somebody else . They say the famine is not the

      effectof laws or government , but is a calamity sent from heaven for some mysterious purpose that we are not-acquainted with , and that we must' bear it as an evil that we can ' t escape . But I ask yon to consider what Ireland was before the famine . We will not have the crime which attaches to the condition of that country laid to the door of a beneficent Omnipotence . We will bring it home to the Legislature , the Parliament , the constitution of this United Kingdom , and there and there only ; and if you look to our inatten'ion to this state of things in past years , there and . there only will you lay the blame of this state of things . At the latter end of May of 1843 the government of Sir R . Peel very properly appointed a commission to investigate the condition

      of Ireland . Its attention was particularly directed to the tenure of land in that country . There have been a great many other commissions , but they have been of little or no use , as I shall show you before I have done . I hope , _ however , that some good may come out of this commission at last . I will give you one or two facts which that commission stated in its report , to show what was the condition of . Ireland then . In the year . 1844 , a year of remarkable prosperity for Great Britain , they state , with respect to the dwellings and houses in which a population of 8 , 000 , 000 lived , that in the coanty of Down—a county the best circumstanced in this respect—jet in county Down there were twenty-four families out of every 100 living in houses unfit for human

      habitation ; thatin the county of Kerry , and thence to the extreme south-west , sixty-six families out of every hundred were living in houses unfit for human habitation ; and that if yon take the whole population , of Ireland , exclusive of the towns , the average is that forty-three families out of every hundred were living in houses unfit for human habitation . Well , now , that is one fact which leads to a great many other facts , or at least you may infer a great deal from it Men do not live in hovels in which you would not put your dog , or your pigs , because they like them—they do not live in hovels because , although they are able to pay a £ 10 rent , they are ¦ unwilling to do it . And these miserable hovels may ¦ betaken as a standard of their condition , not only

      as regards their houses , but as regards everything else they may betaken as indication of their social condition * . But this same commission , over which lord Devon presided , declares , in the broadest manner , that with respect to industry it was almost unknown in Ireland ; that a vast proportion of the population—to be calculated not by thousands , but by millions— are for a considerable propeation of ihe year without employment , and consequently without the regular means of living ; that there was scarcely such a thing in Ireland as a rate of wages at all—4 d ., 6 d ., 8 d ., a day ; and lOd . is an extravagant and magnificent rate of wages ; and at these sums a very small portion of the people are able to obtain regular employment . Well , of course

      pauperism must overspread the land , and so it does ; and , in point of fact , all over the country there is amongst nearly all the people that aspect of penury and pauperism which never , even in the worst times , meets the eve in this sometimes suffering district . The Devoii commission shows also that outrages were very frequent in Ireland . Mw , don t imagine that nobody . commits outrages ra Ireland buAhc " boys"in Tipperary . ( A laugh . ) I believe it may be found , from the evidence taken before that commission , that there is not a single count " in Ireland in which some of the rig hts of the SasaJtry and tenantry are not secured « tog uiu i *

      thronrfi " fear Ot outrage « m >< u « «« « ----sfesttttfi&sss saw— &tt « tt = but how submissively they have borne the miseries which they have had to endure . Here is an extract Sm thatwork which it may be ™* **^ to ™ £ S ihismeeting . [ Herethe honourable gentleman save the extract , which , in effect , ran thus :- The fSsion's report stated that a reference to the Senceof most ofthe witnesses would showthat Se Sultnnd labourer in Ireland continued to fSfcSMSStA'SSJS sSafeattSW * SSyaKnW » mctatH » ire »» fi ™ t" °

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      p ^ a ^ s ¦ m ' s&w&jr&hbS v « S ^ r porti on . ««» ethus living £ that yeararenot nowon the face of the earth at all ' Sl ? ! le ? II 1 ? »? stand " m ruins to statement : and I ouninf . f « . i .-.-

      " . 25 in P ° ^ d ' the suffering of thr p ^ ople ; and , inmany cases , it must be admitted , the cruelty II JBTv Ce Of ^ Pro prietary classes . ( Loud cheers ) w we have heard of the famine in Iret £ IZ ^ " » S > re , we have known nothing of it . The word "famine" does not convey at all to our minds what famine in Ireland is . Famine there has struck downthousands of men , women , and children : and pestilence has come afterwards to glean what famine had left unreaped . ( Cheering . ) Still there are districts in Ireland where respectable persons will affirm that one-third of the population , and often more , have fallen victims during the last three or four years * famine . "WeU , then , we have had an extensive emigration going on from that country , I do not at this moment recollect the

      figureB , hut hundreds of thousands of Irishmen have escaped to foreign countr ies ; and I have heard it stated , by men well entitled to give an opinion on this subject , that were it possible now to offer to all Irishmen the means—the bare means—of going to another hemisphere , one half the population of that devoted Island would flee from the country of their birth , and settle in another land—there to cherish hostility towards every one of the institutions of the country which denied them the means of subsistence where they were born . ( Hear and cheers . ) You have heard of the union workhouses in Ireland ? I have seen and visited a large number of them . They are the largest houses almost that you meet with in passing through the country . They are

      crowded , and have been so for three or few years past , with vast multitudes of these miserable wretches . Here I have it stated that on the 5 th of June , 1849 , there were two hundred and thirtyseven thousand of the population of Ireland in the union workhouses . ( Here , here . ) Six thousand five hundred of these were boys ; and sixty-six thousand three hundred girls , under eigeteen years of age ; and , at the same time , there were seven hundred and fifty-eight thousand of the people receiving , not casually , hut almost permanently , during many months , the most inadequate substance in the shape of out-door relief , Now , as we have spoken of these cottages or hovels , whose inmates are no longer there , in passing through some

      half-dozen of the countries , especially in the western portion of Ireland , such as Kerry , Limerick , Clare , Galway , Mayo , you see hundreds— nay , I am within the mark if I say thousands of ruined cottages and dwellings of the labourers , peasantry , and small holders of Ireland . You see on the road , perhaps , twenty houses without a roof on them . I came to a village not far from Castlebar ¦ where the system of eviction had been earned out only a few days before . Five women came about us as our car stopped ; and on making inquiry , they told us then : sorrowful story . They were not badly clad . They were cleanly in appearance . They were intelligent . They used no violent language , but in the most moderate language told us that on the Monday week previous their five

      houses had been levelled . They told us how many children they had in their families . I recollect one said she had she had eight , and another that she had six ; that the husbands of three of them were in this country for the harvest ; that they had written to their husbands telling them of the desolation of their homes . I asked what did their husbands say in reply ? They said , " "We have not beea able to eat any breakfast . " ( Sensation . ) It is but a simple observation , but it marks the sickness and the sorrow that came over the hearts of the men while here toiling for their three or four pounds , denyiug themselves almost rest at night , that they might have a good reaping at this harvest , and go back and enjoy it in the home they had left . But that is

      but a faint outline of what has taken place in that unhappy country . I verily believe that there are thousands of human beings who have died—and died speedily—within the last two or three years as a conEequeuce of the evictions which have occurred —evictions , too , which I altogether deny to have been necessary for the salvation of the proprietors , for they are as likely to ruin the property as any course which they themselves , or their forefathers , may have taken with regard to it . ( Cheers . ) And there arc outrages yet in Ireland . In the papers , within the last fortnight , you find that a respectable gentleman was shot in open day , on Sunday morning , on his way to church—shot , too , while two men were within two yards of him , and one . in

      fact , with his shoulder against his saddle . The man who fired was seen stooping in going through the garden to make his escape , while two other men were seen walking and passing rapidly over a bog , who were supposed to be the assassins . Why were the assassins not apprehended ? Because of the rottenness there is in the whole of society in these districts ; because of the sympathy which exists on the part of the gr « at bulk of the population , with those who by dreadful acts of vengeance are supposed to be the conservators of the rights of the tenant , and who give him that protection which the Imperial Legislature has denied him . ( Cheers . ) The first thing that ever called my attention to the condition of Ireland , was reading an account of one

      of these outrages . I thought of it for a few moments . The truth struck me at once , and all that I have seen since has confirmed my previous impression , "When law refuses its duty— - ( hear , heat ) —when government denies their rights to a people —when the competition is so fierce for a little land from the monopolists of the soil , in order that it may be cultivated—when there is such a keen scramble even for a potatoe—when the people are driven back from law , and the usages of civilisation to "what has been termed the law of nature and revenge —( hear , hear)—and to my certain knowledge the people of Ireland believe that it is only to these acts of vengeance , periodically committed , that they can hold in suspense the arm of the proprietor

      and of the agent , who , in too many cases , if they dared , would exterminate them . At this moment there is a state of war in Ireland . Don't let us disguise it—war between landlord and tenant as fierce , as relentless as if it were carried on boldly , in open day . by force of arms . There is a suspicion between landlord and tenant there not known to any class in this country ; and there is a hatred , too , which Iuelive , under the present and past system pursued in Ireland , can never be healed or eradicated . Ofconrse , under such a state of things , where industry is destroyed , the rights of property are destroyed too ; and the consequence is , that even the landlords of the most just and honest intentions , cannot but feel the effects of this . That they should

      be resident on the property is necesstiry even for the advantage of the tenants themselves ; but in many instances because of the terrorism which prevails in the counties , landlords of the better class have been obliged to absent themselves . If I , or or any other man , could point out how this is to be remedied—if he could place his finger on the cause of it , and tell the country and the Parliament , " there is the cause , and there is the remedy , " even though be and I were mistaken in the view we took , I should not be doing my duty to you and the country , as a member of Parliament , if I didn't take an opportunity of pointing out what I believe to be that cause , and what I believe to he a sufficient remedy . Sow . I shall be met—we have all been

      met—in discussing those questions with two propositions ; first of all , there is " something" so radically wrong with the Irish race that you can make nothing of them —( a laugh)—and secondly , that there is " something" in the Roman Catholic religion which renders it impossible for its professing people to be prosperous . Well , I deny both of these propositions . ( Cheers . ) I want to know how it is that thousands , nay hundreds of thousands of Irishmen , who can make no progress in their own country succeed so admirably in the United States ? ( Hear , hear . ) I want to know how it is that men who leave Ireland with no more than is necessary to transport them across the Atlantic , in a few months ; or within a Tear or two , send back a sufficient sum

      of money to bring over their families and their relations ? I want to know how it is that very large sums are invested in the Irish saving banks ? And how it is that men go to stockbrokers , and sharebrokers , to invest their five hundred pounds , or their two , or their three thousand pounds occasionally , in stocks or funds , and declare that there is nothing where they live , or about them , in which they dare invest the money which they have accumulated . If Irishmen can get on in America , why ain't they in Ireland ? I believe a change of legislation for Ireland would , within the next ten years , bring back Irishmen from America to their native country . ( Cheers . ) And as to their religion , are not the people of Belgium of the same vclision as

      Irishmen ? Are the people of Lombard )* not of tho same faith ? Do Irishmen , when they go to the United States repudiate tho faith which they held in their native country ? So *; and yet the belief of Christianity , as professed by Roman Catholics , is not known in those countries to he injurious to the cultivation of the land or to the diffusion of property , or to the promotion of prosperity . ( Cheers . ) But there is a class in Ireland which is not Roman Catholic , and that is the landed proprietors . They are Protestants chiefly . Sow I ask you , if they of all the persons in Ireland have alone performed their duties to the population and their country . ( A Voice : " No , no ?) Are they not as deeply embarrassed as it is possible for men in their circumsfcineestole ? And nw theynol held up to the

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      eye , not of this country only , but to that of all people in the world , as the class of all ottvm -which has been most grossly negligent of the duties which it ought to have performed . Well , then , we will dismiss this slander on a faith which is , I believe , professed at this moment by very much the largest proportion of those who profess Christianity throughout the world . Now , the true cause of the present condition of Ireland is to be found in the blunders and intheewmes of legislation . ( Cheers . ) I don ' t intend to go in detail into the politics of this question further than , to some extent , with regard to the economical branch of it . There is , in Ireland , that worst of all monopolies , a monopoly of land ; and in addition to all the ordinary evils of

      monopolies , Irish land monopolists are bankrupt , reckless , powerless for anything-like good . You have heard probably over and over again , that property in Ireland has been confiscated repeatedly . I have extracted two or three facts with respect to this confiscation which it may be worth your while to bear . In the reign of Queen Elizabeth , about oOOO . OOO Irish acres were confiscated ; and on that occasion what was called the " plantation" of Munstertookplaeo . ( Hear , hear . ) An Irish acre is about the same as a Lancashire acre . The parties placed on this land were to pay twopence or threepence per acre . Every 1 , 200 acres were to have located upon them eightgr-six families ; and no native Ir ish —( hearhearV-were to be admitted

      , among the tenantry . In the time of James I . the " plantation "of Ulster took place , when more than live hundred thousand acres were seized , chiefly from the Earls , of Connel and Tyrone , and planted to a large extent by London companies and other parties . Special instructions were given not to suffer any labourer who had taken the oath of supremacy to dwell on the land—shutting out , of course , every one professing the Roman Catholic religion . Eleven years later , in the same reign , 385 , 000 acres ) were seized in Leinster , and " settled " chiefly by English people . To the followers of Cromwell more than 600 , 000 Irish acres were apportioned . After the revolution of 1688 , and during the reign of King William III ., not less than one

      million and sixty thousand Irish acres were confiscated and apportioned among his partisans and favourites . Lord Clare , on " The Union , " states that , taking altogether the reign of James I ., and the land set out ( as though . were guilty of crime ) at the time of the restoration , and the confiscation after the revolution of 1688 , , not legs than eleven millions of acres in Ireland have at one time or other been confiscated—those in possession being ejected , and others " settled " on the land instead . Well now , observe that all that was for the purpose of putting down the Roman Catholic religion , and extirpating Irishman ; and yet Irishmen hare Ireland Still , and the Roman Catholic religion has grown up from its lowest state , and overspread

      every county . At the present moment I do not believe that there is a single county in Ireland where it has not a considerable majority .. WeU , from all this came vast estates to the proprietors , which were handed down from that day to this ; and from that time succeeded penal . laws—laws of cruelty and ferocity—of which I believe barbarous nations the most uncivilised can haye no knowledge . If it would not take up too much time , I could read to you afew pages from the History of Ireland . ( A Voice : "Go on . " ) I was not aware of the cruelties that had been perpetrated . Here is one case , where no Roman Catholic was allowed to have m his own possession , or in that of any other man fot his use , anyhorse of the value of £ 5 . And

      any Protestant disclosing such a fact to a magistrate might , with the assistance of a constable , break open any door , seize such horse , bring the case before the justice , and , on paying five shillings , might have the horse as if it had been bought by him in open market . This was only as lar back as 170 ft —the reign of Queen Anne—the time , in fact , of the grandfathers of some of the audience new present . Not so long ago , if a Roman Catholic lent money to a Protestant , if he lent £ 10 , 000 on a mortgage of an estate , by a certain facile process of law , the Protestant could shuffle off the debt and appropriate the £ 10 , 000 to himself , and thus defraud the man of his due . The Roman . Catholics were not allowed to buy land or hold it on lease

      except for a certain number of years . It was regarded as a privilege if he were allowed to hold ten acres of bog for sixty years . In point of fact , there is not an atrocity which you can imagine or describe that has not , by one party or another , been practised on that country , since the time when it came directly and cntitely under the government of what we call the British " constitution . " ( Cheers . ) You can imagine , perhaps , the effects on the tenure of land , and on the character of the people , which must arise from such a state of things ; and we are guilty of having continued to some extent some of those unfavourable influences . We have maintained—the united parliament have maintained—lawB that have bolstered up the tenure

      ot land , and the possession of land is now very much as left after these great confiscations . To this I am disposed to attribute to a very largo extent the unfortunate circumstances which , now prevail in Ireland . I shall give a few facts to show the state of things as to the . land now . Such a thing as you call the purchase of a " piece " of land is unknown in Ireland . ( Hear , hear , hear . ) You may hear of the purchase of large estates of thirty or forty tnousand acres ; but of the purchase of a field , or of five , ten , or twenty acres—why , a man who has lived long in Ireland has never heard of it taking place in his neighbourhood ; the property is all in the bands of large proprietors . Wherever you stand and ask ,

      " Whose land is this ? " you aro told that it is Lord A . 's , or Lord B . ' s , or Mr . C . ' s , and that it is one or other of such a gentleman ' s—as far as you can seefive , eight , ten , or twenty miles across the country , as the case may be . And these gentlemen for the most part appear to know nothing either of the duties which attach to them as proprietors , or of then- own true interests as regards the management of their estates . What is the result ? That in Ireland there is virtually a raonoply of the soil in the hands of a very few large proprietors . And by reasou of a succession of incumbrnnces , mortgages , and judgments , these large proprietors are quite helpless , even to sell any portion of the land ; for if a man have an estate in each of ten counties of Ireland , and . every estate

      is worth £ 5 , 000 that is a total of £ 50 , 000 a year , and he have "judgment debts" on the property , he could not sell a single yard of any of his estates in any one of the counties , because the whole of the judgment debts attach to every particular acre which he possessed at the time they were contracted , and extend to all which he may in future buy or become possessed of . This man , therefore , is " bound hand and foot ; and the whole island is under a not work of restrictions with regard to the land , and with regard to the people and their industry . The consequence is , the people , though they live on the land , have no interest in it ; they are not the possessors of their country , but merely sojournevs there and pilgrims . And it would seem that neither the Irish

      proprietors , nor the Imperial Legislature , care a single straw ( or have not till lately , ) what becomes of tliis vast and buffering people . Well , it is not to be wondered at . I confess I do . not wonder at itthat there are disturbances in Ireland . I believe the reason why there are more disturbances in Tipperary than in Mayo or in Galway , is , that the population of Tippe : ary Me of a more sturdy and hardy character , and have made greater resistance to the pressure of those evils than has been made by the less hardy and less determined population of the more western counties . Now this is the " old" system that has been carried on ; and I ask you what are the results—results which you cannot look upon without sorrow and humiliation ? It hi » s been kept

      up to maintain and support the whole families-the great houses , and large estates , and what they call the " old blood . " Why , what has become of this " old blood ? " It don ' t flow now . It is stagnant , and , in fact , no ruin has been greater " than what has befallen the old families which belong to that country . Well now , we come to the new sys em , for I think it is high time for the reversal of this policy . My proposition is this—that so far as regards the land itself—the Boil- * -every law of every kind that has for its object the bolstering up of the holding of large properties in any families in particular—every law which has for its object not the economical advantage of the people , but the sustension of feudalism arid aristocracy—that all those laws should be withdrawn

      and repealed , and the soil should become and remain as free as a " chattle "—as free to buy and selTas the horse in the stable , or the furniture in the ' house . ( Loud cheers . ) I would have applied to landed proprietors the laws of bankruptcy that are applied to traders ; and if a man did not pay his debts , or give sufficient security that they should be paid by a certain time , I would' have his estates ( if his creditors wished it ) handed over to the official assignee , and have whatever he was in possession of equally , fairly , and honestly devided among those to whom he owed money . ( Cheers . ) And what would be the result ? Why , that precisely as regards all < . ther descriptions of property free fr » be purchased and sold , land would become the property of those who could give value for it—who con'd hold it independently—who could hold it for their own aud the nation ' s advantage ; and

      instead of these vast estates being .. as you find them iiow , almost deserted as to cultivation , you would h' »\ e everydegree oi estate , hum tha . of theinau who holds his single freehold acre , to him who holds twenty thousand , and men would hold land in proportion to their industry , their orudence , and their virtues , and those qualities which render them of advantage as members of a civilised community . ( Cheers ) But there is one other thing most necessary . I wish it were possible for me to go into some details with regard to the insecurity which tenant ; feel iu the soil . The landed proprietors of Ireland , by a sort of tacit agreement , do not five leases to Roman Catholic tenants . Roman Catholic tenants frequently vote against Protestant landlords ; and sometimes against the others : and as the land is intended by the " constitution" to grow both rents and votes —( cheers and laughter)—they don ' t like one without being at the same timefcure of the other ,

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      ( Renewed aughter . ) Now , there is , at the present moment , throughout Ireland , an insecurity of tenure impossible for wordB to describe . But it may be said to be almost the universal practice -I know it will be denied in the House of Commons , but it is nevertheless true—as true as there are Catholics in Irelandit is almost the universal practice for the landlord to avail himself of all the advantage of all the investmerits and improvements made by the tenant ; and in Ireland the landlord does not do like the landlord in England . He gives the tenant the bare land , with no more on it of capital invested than there is in this paper which I hold in my hand . Not a building , not a dram probably , hardly a fence stands upon it . Everything is in a state of nature ; and whatever the tesant does—whether he pleases to . build a fence , dig a drain , or die a boor , the osnon law and the statute

      law says that it all becomes the property of the proprietor . There are men who Imtb been tenants many years in Ireland , and done as little as was possible in tne way of improvement , naturally feeling that their property would thereby immediately become the proprietors ; and bear in mind Irish are not like English , proprietors . Though we have said harsh things sometimes of English proprietors on this mat orm , there is a Tery great difference between them , as they don't interfere in the smallest degree with the management of their pro-V I tty v \ would be "nsafe to do it , so they live abroad , or in England , or in Dublin . The ™} a " abroad has a man in Dublin , and the man in JJUolinhas an agent , and the agent has a sub-agent , llie man abroad writes home for money once a quarter , or every six months , and " must have it" if

      K «? rt 5 i ? d thusfrom proprietors , agents , sub agents , and bailiffs , a screw of the most powertul character is ready to seize on everv investment the tenant makes on the land . I saw " cases myselfthey were pointed out to me by parties ( if whom I did not a » k a question-where the land was cultivated and entirely reclaimed , and made a fruitful garden of . I hey were some small plots , and directly improvements were made , somebody came and offered hve shillings an acre more rent , and the man who had enriched the land was turned adrift . I was told in Wexford , by tenants , that they had very long leases which had expired , and then , the rent was doubled—and doubled , too , from the impovements made in their previous tenure . The Devon Com mission says , one such instance is enough to

      discourage all the tenants of a district , My honesl opinion isthis , the very first net which Parliamentoughttopass for Ireland , is an act ( ogive security for compensation to the tenants of Ireland for the visible , tangible , measurable improvements they may make onthe property ( Cheers . ) I believeif that were done , so many hundreds of thousands of these men would not be living in the miserable hovels they do now . They would build better houseB , if they knew that th « sy would not immediately become the property of the landlord without compensation . 1 btlieve too their families would feel that every stone they gathered from the land , every particle of manure they , carted or wheeled , every drain they laid , every weed they rooted up , was doing something towards a future investment , and that the agent and the landlord would not take and

      enjoy the fruits of their industry ( Cheers . ) I believe there are no great difficulties in Ireland , in the way of her pacification , but that the difficulties - wliich exist , exist entirely under the constitution of Parliament , and in the indisposition of an aristocratic legislature to interfere with a system which had its origin , and was maintained , not " for the good of the people , but for the sustentation of an heredit aiy aristocracy ( Loud cheers . ) You would be amazed to see how ruueh Parliament knows about Ireland , and how little it does ( Laughter . ) It has had inquiries and committees since 1810 : in 1811 , 1819 , 1823 , 1826 , 1827 , 1830 , 1832 , 1835 ; another in 1835 , and one in 1840 . Then in 1844 came this very Devon Commission that I have quoted . In all these years there have been , commissions or couunitteeB that

      have made inquiries . on topics either intimately or remotely connected with Ireland . A vast deal of information has been offered to Parliament ; and what as it done ? Very little , ' and that little would not have been done but for the pressure of famine . Parliaments never moves—at least I have never seen it move-on any question that effscts favourable the liberties and rights of the people—except when it dreads a convulsion , It will move only when the people themselves move first , as in 1832 , and as they did again in 1 S 46 on the Corn-law , when we had famine on our threshold ( Cheers . ) Now , too , under the like pressure , it as done something to promote the salo of encumbered estates ; and yesterday the commission for the purpose commenced its sittings in Dublin

      . and though m certain quarters I have seen suspicions raised with regard to the men who form that commission , yet I say , from tre knowledge I have of them—and I think I have a right to say it—that the government never acted with greater integrity and fairness than it did in nominating that commission . Probably it is not possible to appoint three better men to carry out honestly the act of parliament under which they have opened their proceedings . But I must hasten on , as it is getting late Thcro are only one or two other things I wish to mention which have como under my observation in Ireland . You have heard of that ill-fated townSkibbereon . Since my return I have been asked if all that has been said of it bo true ? I fear that more than we have heard is true . To show the condition

      of things there now , I may state that I was in the market-place of that town with a gentleman who was travelling with me , and saw tho people who came in from the country to sell their turf , it being the season when the towns-people take in their supplies . There was a stout young woman of some twenty years , with a " creel , " or basket of turf , offering it for sale . We asked tho price . She said , " three-halfpence . " A woman standing by said she would be glad to take a penny . We had it weighed in tfco market scales , that were close at hand , and found the weight sixty-two pounds . We learned that the poor creature had carried that load on her back over a distance of between eight and nine English miles . ( Sensation . ) It had been cut—it had been dried—it had been carried all that

      distance , and the girl only asked tbree-halfpence , whilst a bystander remarked she would be glad to take a penny . Don't suppose that an exaggerated oase . "We made special inquiry of parties who knew her , and about whose character there could be no mistake , even if she were disposed to overstate the fact ; and I have not the slightest doubt that what she said was true . And you may understand from that what the rate of wages is in Ireland , and how it is that hundreds and thousands of your fellow countrymen , within a few miles of your own shores are enjoying the blessings of the " British constitution . " ( A laugh . ) But Skibbereen had other sights than this . I went towaris the union workhouse , with tho chairma n of tho guardians , and when we got to the corner of a field which was

      fenced in , and had oats growing in it , on the quarter of an acre of ground lay the remains of six hundred people—men , women , and children—who had not , as you may think , been buried in coffins , but in the rags they died in—buried in trenches , as men are buried after a sanguinary battle ; and at some future day it may be , when a moro prosperous time has come for Ireland , some antiquarian , perhaps , may be called on to account for the number of human bones there interred . Why , he may tell of wars , and ho may tell of battles , but there is no war in which this country was ever engaged , and no series of battles in any campaign of war known among men , that have left behind them such sorrowful and many victims as have fallen beneath " the fierce war for life" which has

      contmued in Ireland for the last few years . ( Loud cheers . ) There is no over-population in Ireland . In travelling from DubJin to the soutb , and up again to the west , and again to Mayo and G . ilway , there la not a sign ot over population . I was against a forced emigration , under the conduct of either the poor Jaw guardians , or . of the government , Before going toli-eland . I am infinitely more against it now . The fact is , vast tracts of country are almost a wilderness of desolation ; and I tell you that I believe vermin were never hunted from their holes with more ferocity and relentless determination than have been used , and used forthe last two or three years , against vast multitudes in that country . You are told that . the Irish proprietors are boin < r ruined by the poor-rates . Ay ! but if ithadn t been for that

      tax , they would have been " clean & « K ? . th * ? ce of ? «* & ¦ many yea ^ since . So doubt it is beggaring many who arescarcelv SS . SW oq % J affords tho onlymeans ° ' supporting the 237 , 000 persons who were in Irish workhouses in June last ; and tho other 800 , 000 who were receiving out-door relief . The poor-law is a nZ ° f A m , 7- . that P ° or and afflicted population , and I entertain the hope that , while its pressure is on the landlord and on tho tenant , and on all who magrbeableto pay , it may direct the intelligence w - } ° - ?? vceive > and the hearts of all to feel , why it is that , with all these blessings of nature , there should be in that land of suffering persons whose woes are not to bo equalled by those which wo sometimes see fall on the brute creation . I wish it were possible to convey something of the feelings winch afflicted my own mind as I passed through some districts , and witnessod the scenes to be « £ » there

      ; and yet everybody told me if I had come j woi months before , I should have seen thincsiniiiatcly worse . A tuonu of mine vfho lias setiltM « e ' ? sfc of Ireland , said he was three months vn u he em % SIW a smil ° on the face of a cnuu ; that such was the misery , such the starvation throughout the whole of the district , that they were yisioie on every countenance ; and yet we aro told tins is a ' visitation of heaven , " that Parliament can t Uo much for it , and powerful writers in daily and weekly newspapers tell us nothing can be done lor Ireland , whilst her population is in a state of anarchyand outrage ! Why , anarchy and outrage are tho inevitable results of tho system under which tneyiive . ( Loud cheering . ) Anarchy and outrage are the beatons which guide us to a safer and a better path . What should we haTe known of the condition of Ireland if it had not Wn for these outrages ? Th . e proprietors never would have told

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      ub . The great institutions of the country were silent about it . Their own Catholic priests told us something about it , it « true ; and they were about the only parties intimately connected with , the people to let us known what wag going on . I spoke to a Roman Catholic priest , in the interior of the country , and said , "do you know how you are blamed , but I think calumniated , by those who say you have so much power over the people , that they are worried to death between you and tho land-• -i ? x H ? 8 aid > - " Sir ,- there's too much truth in it , but who is it that gave it to us ? " He admitted it was an undesirable andunhealthy influence which his order exerted over the people : but he pointed to the workhouse of the district and said the

      , people there have nobody but us to sympathise with them . We give them counsel , advice , and at times pecuniary relief . It is not our fault that wo have this power , and it is in human nature perhaps that it sometimes should be abused . " But ho said , "Give this population the means of living by steady employment , and you will have a steady and honest industry , an independent class who will BOOn emerge from their miserable and reckless condition , and then you will have that regenerated morality and religion which 13 all that we wish . " This is the truth . It is not they who grasp for power , they have it thrust upon them , and it is not for us to rail at them to do away with their influence ; but it is by

      another process—by giving the people power to release themselves from the influence of the priest and the landlord , and to walk erect as free men living on the fruits of their own industry . ( Cheers . ) Now I have not touched on two questions which aro most important . I shall not touch on them tonight farther than just to mention them . The one is the utter abolition , as it were—the melting away of everything like representation in Ireland . Tho other is the existence of an established church with which the people have no sympathy . These questions are intimately connected with tho social condition of Ireland . But I intended to-night to confine myself , and shall entirely , to the question of the tenure and nronrietorshiD of land . Now . in

      conclusion , I ask you to look back to the history of this country ' s connexion with Ireland . You will find that our efforts have constantly been made for what is called protestantising Ireland , and suppressing what is called " Catholicism , " Yet Catholicism has been' triumphant . In that respect all our measures have been complete failures . We have endeavoured to sustain the " old blood , " and keep up the " old families , " and the " large houses , " by laws restraining the purchase and possession of land . Yet we find them almost wholly ruined , and as much beggared and ia as helpless a condition as the multitude whom their system has pauperised . We endeavoured to govern Ireland through a Protestant minority , and found ourselves unablo to

      govern her . Ireland is not governed now . She is one vast camp of armed men . Go and see the constabulary stations . I must admit the constabulary to be an able and useful class of men under the present state of things . You find them trained and armed , and in reality soldiers—only they have not the dress , that is , the ordinary garb of a soldier . Ireland , I repeat , is one vast camp . Our system has failed . We have more soldiers and armed men than there aro electors , ( Cheers . ) A constitutional country—a constitutional government—and yet in one third of the United Kingdom there is sustained by English taxes a larger number of armed men than there are holders and exercisers of tho franchise ! Is not this sufficient to account for the

      insecurity of life and property ? And , if they are insecure , how by any possibility oan industry thrive , property accumulate , or contentment and prosperity spread among the people ? Oh ! I do feel that this State of Ireland is a-disgrace and a dishonour to the people and the government of this country j and I call upon you who aye here assembled , whenever you can , to givo your influence in favour of such a change in those laws as shall place the people of Ireland in a fair field , so that the industrious man shall be possessed of a security for tho fruits of his industry . Then I am perfectly satisfied that outrage will give way to contentment and harmony , such as prevail , I trust , so extensively in this country . There are no other means of getting out of tnis than

      anncuity _ by doing simple justice to Ireland—justice in her political instlutions—justice in regard to hw ecclesiastical condition—justice in respect to the land and to the investments and improvements of the tenant . Freedom , in this respect , is the remedy ; the one , the sole remedy for a disease that has hitherto baffled or seomed to baffle , all the attempts < of the statesmen of England in this and the last generation . Rely On it , had a parliament of landed proprietors , with their feudal and aristocratic dominancy , been disposing of tho property of cotton spinners or manufacturers , they would have seen these economical truths much earlier , and would have practised them in their legislation ; and because of the enormous expenses we are subjected to on account of the state of things in Irelandand

      , by reason of the difficulty of remedying it , from tho constitution of the country , I say I am bound to give in my adherence to the principles which this association intends to carry out . You-cannot have economy in expenditure if ono-third of the United Kingdom is to have 40 , 000 soldiers , and we cannot have that honest and efficient government for Ireland which is calculated to raise her from her prostrate condition , unless the mass of the people are recognised as they ought to be by the " theory" of the constitution in your representative system . The honourable gentleman sat down amid loud and continued cheering .

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      ARRIVAL OP SIR JOHN ROSS FROM THE ARCTIC REGIONS . The Enterprise , Captain Sir James Clarke Ross , and the Investigator , Captain Bird , arrived off Scarborough on Saturday last , and Sir James arrived express by rail at the Admiralty on Monday morning with the disheartening information that he had not seen or heard of Sir John Franklin or his party . The arrival of Sir James in London , and the intelligence communicated by him , was immediately transmitted by the Admiralty to the soveral port admirals on the home station . The following extracts from private letters addressed to personal friends , will bo found highly interesting : — ° ' " Her Majesty ' s ship Enterprise , at sea , becalmed about forty miles to eastward of Scarborough , « w u r . . Nov . 4 th , 1849 . We have been boxing about the North Sea these last seven days , having made the Orknov Islands on

      tneJWn 01 October . We got clear of the ice on the ^ 5 tn 01 September . I have notliin ? interesting to communicate to you , beyond the fact that we have neither heard nor seen anything of Sir J . Franklin We wintered in Port Leopold "( entrance of Prince Regent s Inlet . ) Sir James C . Ross and a party of seamen set out on a journey to tho westward , alonw the coast of North Somerset , and was absent from the ship forty days , during which time they must have travelled somewhere about 200 miles , a journey unparalleled in the artic regions . Saw nothing to load to a belief that Sir John Franklin had touched on that shore . Wo arc all well and hearty at this present time , hut we lost four men durin <» our stay in Port Leopold , which place we entered on the 11 th September , 1848 , and got out into open water , Barrow ' s Strait , on the 29 th August , 1849 having been shut up in our winter harbour 342 days .

      "At sea , lat . 5 G 12 N ., long . 29 E . .,. „ „ Oct . 31 st , 1849 . ' We are off the coast of Great Britain bo far safe and . well , having taken our last look of the torlorn and ice-bound shores of Davis's Straits on the 10 th of October . We are all well , and makinoallowance for the toils and privations unavoidabl ? attendant on similar expeditions , the voyage has been exceedingly comfortable , the greatest harmony having existed between the officers and crow during its progress . ° " We have certainly had to grapple with difficulties of no ordinary nature , butthanks to tho energy and dauntless courage of our experienced commander we have triumphantly overcome them all , lhO ypyage has been replete with incident *

      varied and interesting , which you will see described atsome future period by more learned heads than mine ; suffice it to say , that we have had a sufficiency of labour during tho two summers we have been gone , and spent rather a cold winter in Port Leopold ( entrance to Prince Regent ' s Inlet Barrow ' s Strait , lat . 73 50 N ., long . 00 12 W ) ?« i . f 0 ? e the mosfc ri ? id Political e conomists ( Cobden not excepted ) will not begrudge usow double pay . ¦ . " WhatQyor opinions may be hereafter expressed mh regard to tHe success , or conducting oftheex-P 8 j u ? ' l nm ready t 0 raaintain * * all that man could do has been done by Sir James Ross i and I believe there are few but will admit that he is an nautical skill or scientific abilities . Sir fames seems to have been formed by nature for th «« wE service

      to which through life he has so zealously devoted himself . To great physical power * , and a constitution equal to even . p ^ tio ., ™ d fkd-4 ne unites every mental qualification necessary to constitute the man destined to conduct n crent ' i-m ' hazardous enterprise . fe *; Wo have lost four men . through sicknessass . stant-surgeon and three A . B . ' s-men whose constitutions were thoroughly broken pS ? to ££ ng England , and m my opinion they could not have gS ] onger iD any / imate » C 8 irEV n- . thi 3 l ^ ignorantoftho f « t ° of bir John franklin ' s expedition . " I may remark that our consort , the Investigator . « in company with us ; we have never lost sight of each other during the voyage . " " Her Majesty ' i ship Enterprise , off Scarborough , Nov . 4 th . " Here we are again . We did not get out of the

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      ice in Barrow ' s Strait until the last week in September , which is very late indeed , so that we had a narrow squeak ior another winter in the ice , and goodness knows how many would havo lived to return . Wo found no traces of Sir J . Franklin , although the captain travelled in May anil Juno upwards of 209 miles on the W . and S . W . coasts of North Somerset , but could find no traces of them . We wintered at Port Leopold , in lat . about 74 N . and long . 90 W . We were without the sun for about eighty days , and had the temperature ! ei ghty degrees below freezing , by Fahrenheit . I am in a great hurry , and will give you more ne ^? s in the next . "

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      m ^ THE BERMONDSEY MURDER . On Friday , the 2 nd instant , at ten o ' clock- Manning had an interview with his brother Edmund , in the presence of the Rev . Mr . Roe , the chaplain of the gaol ; Mr . Keene , the governor ; Mr . Binns , tha solicitor ; and the officers of the gaol appointed to be constantly with him . Manning was seated in the condemned cell , at a small table , and so altered and mentally prostrated that his brother scarcely knew him . lie shook him fervently-by the hand , and held his hand in his grasp for some moments , during which time neither was able to utter a word . At length the brother said , " Surely , Frederick , you are not guilty of this horrible charge ? " Manning replied , " No , I am innocent . I have told Mr .

      Roo everything . I have confessed all to him . Have I not , Mr . Roe ? ( Mr . Roe nodded assent . ) Edmund , she murdered him . I was upstairs dressing myself at the time she shot him . 1 did not know she was going to do so . I had no hand in the murder . Mr . Roo knows I am innocent . " He continued to assert his innocence with nuich vehe « mence , and added , in consequence of his brothes having asked him if he had not written to his wifa urging her to make a full confession , " Ye 3 , and I have authorised you , Mr . Roe , have I not ? over and over again , to get her to see me , because I could put such questions to her that she could not evade . Mr . Roe replied that he had done as ha said , but that she had declined to see him .

      Manning then handed to his brother a copy of the letter he had written to his wife , urging her to confess , so that the world might know the great disparity between their guilt , for upon the truth of her statement depended the issue of life and death to himj and as she know he was innocent he implored her to save him from an ignominious death upon the scaffold . The letter concluded by imploring hig wife to grant him an interview . Mrs . Manning ' s reply , which was also shown to the brother , began thus— " I address you as my hus * band , " and contained more than once the expression " my dear . " She said , in effect , that she was innocent of the diabolical charge of which she had been shamefully convicted , and that he alone could save her . Then upbraiding him with the course he had

      pursued towards her from the period of hit arrest up to the trial , she went on to say that he alone could save her ; that she could not think of granting him an interview until he had stated in writingfthat she was innocent of Mr . O'Connor's murder . Then followed this remarkable statement : — " You know that the young man from Jersey who was smofcing with you in the back parlour committed the murder , and that I was from home when it was conv mittod . " She then stated that she went to fetch O'Connor on tSe ni » ht of the murder , that he , ia the meantime , called at Minvcr-place ; that the foul deed was committed , and everything cleared away before she returned , and that she knew nothing of the . murder until the Saturday followine . * Bha added , that if he would make this statement ' in writing she would grant his request , and see him . Manning s brother , after lie had perused tho letters , exclaimed ^ Frederickshe exculpates

      her-, , sell irom the chargfi ' and accuses a third party who does she mean ? " He replied , "Her statement is altogether false ; no one accompanied me to Jersey I know , Edmund , you will believe me when I assert that I am innocent , for you have always been my best friend , and I should never have married that woman if 1 had listened to your advice . " After a long pause the brother urged his unhapnv relative to make hia peace with God , who would receive las soul if he was , as he said , innocent of the awful crime . He immediately exclaimed a ^ ain , 'My dear Edmund , I am innocent , as Mr . Roe knows perfectly well . I hope God Almighty will commit my soul to hell flames if I am guilty of this murder . Mr . Roe is in possession of the whole of my statement . I have told him all . I declare most solemnly that I shall die innocent of Mr O Connor s murder . I nevor hurt a hair of his head . "

      These letters , and some disclosures which it is said Manning offers to make with reference to some robberies in which he has been concerned , will , it is said , be mado the ground of an application to the Home Secretary to grant him a respite . The miserable man perseveres in his assertion that his wife committed the murder , and threatened to take his life also unless he became her accomplice . Mrs Manning still clings to the hope that Lady Llantyro or the Duchess of Sutherland will intercede for hep and save her life , She continues to dress with great care , eats heartily , and sleeps soundly . She attends chapel every morning , and gives verv little trouble to tnose tvho watch her . _ The Sheriffs have appointed Tuesday , the 13 th instant

      , as the day of execution . The convict Manning was on Tuesday permitted to have another interview with his brother , Edmund Manning , who arrived at the gaol about one o ' clocfe accompanied by a married sister , who had come to town for the purpose of seeing her wretched relative . The llev . Mr . Howe , and Mr . Keane , the governor of the gaol , were present at tho interview , which , as a matter of course , was of an extremely painful nature . After the first outburst of feeling had subsided , the convict was addressed by hig brother at some length , and urged to communicate all he knew on the subject of tho murder . Manning expressed his readiness to do so , and commenced by reiterating his former statement , to the effect that his wife shot O'Connor as the latter was proceeding siaira to nis

      uown wasn nanus . Jic lurtuer statca that O'Connor had noticed the hole dug in the back kitchen on the occasion of former visits paid to Minver-place , and that he had been told by Mrs . Manning that it was a drain they were making . On the day of the murder , when the unhappy man went down stairs , Maiming states that on reaching the back-kitchen , he heard him address his wife , and say , "What , haven't you finished the drain yet ?" These , he says , were the last words O'Connor uttered , for immediately afterwards he heard the report of a pistol , and then a heavy fall on tho floor . The wretched man , in answer to other questions put to him by his brother , has confessed that he pledged a pair oi pistols , with one of which the deceased waa shot , on the evening of the day his wile left town , feeing at the time almost penniless . He has _ also . confessed where the watches beloncnn *

      to the late Patrick O ' Connor , and the crow ° bar with vrtwoh the murder was completed , may be found . The brother , Edmund Manning , on taking leave promised to see the convict again on Saturday ( tins day ) but the sister took a last farewell . Manning is more resigned to his fate than ho was for two . or three days after conviction . At first he would neither eat nor drink for some hours together but he now takes his meals regularly , and expresses himself prepared for the awful change he has to undergo . He is not less anxious than heretofore to have an interview with hi 3 wife , but she positively refuses t 0 see him . Edmund Vanning , when at the prison on Tuesday , sought to obtain an interview with her , but she declined to see either him or Ins sister . There has been no application to 3 r ; e the female convict on the part of her own friends since her conviction .

      COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEAL , EXCHEQUER CHAMBER . THE QBBEN V . ' MARIA MANNING . WEDNEsDAT . —This being the day appointed for the hearing of the appeal in the above case , the following judges assembled in the Exchequer Chamber at ten o ' clock : Lord Chief Justice Wilde , the Lord Chief Baron , Mr . Justice Coleridge , Air . Justice Cresswell , Mi . Baron Rolfe , and Mr . Baron Platt . The merits of the case having peen stated by Mr . Ballantine on behalf of the female prisoner , and replied to by the Attorney-General , the learned judges retired from the court for the purpose 9

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      '" ' taa V T Nqvembbb i 6 ri 849 . -- ¦ --- ¦ - ...: ll : L :: -i ~ l ! lll : .. SS :. ,. „ ...- .-.- - ¦¦ .- ...,...... --. ¦ , * ^—¦ •;• - ' ¦ -: THg n ' a » BWH ; mii ; . - v :. v : rr . -- :: "" " " 7 I '

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      Captain Sir James Ross arrived at the Admiralty on Monday , and had interviews with tho . board . The gallant officer appeared rather the worse for his perilous voyage , but was animated with his characteristic energy . We understand that it is hig confident opinion that neither Sir John FraDklin nor any of his brave companions arc eastward of any navigable point in tho Arctic regions , and if . there ho any chance of their existence , it is in tha supposition that he proceeded in a westerly direction , and in such case we can only expect to hear from the missing adventurers by the Mackenzie detachment , or by her Majesty ' s ship Plover , Commander Moore , by way of Russia . Sir James traversed at least 230 miles on the ice , tlie bergs of whioh wore frightful , much more so than any of tha

      experienced Arctic voyagers had seen before . Sir Jame ? and his party penetrated as far as the wreck : of tho Fury , where he found the old tent standing , and everything about it in a state of the best preservation . At this point Sir James deposited a large quantity of provisions , and also the screwlaunch of the Enterprise . The march of fUr James across the boundless regions of ice is truly stated as a most unparalleled feat in exploration . We arc sorry to find , however , that it was in no way successful . In the "whole course of his researches it i 3 said Sir James Ross never met with a single Esquimaux . The Admiralty have ordered a couple of steamers from Woolwich to the North St ;;> , to tow up the Enterprise and Investigator to Woolwich to he paid off ; and their Iordship 3 have also ordered up from Kirkcaldy the master of the whaler Advice , aoout which so much has been said .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 10, 1849, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1547/page/7/