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Northern Star (1837-1852), 10th November 1849, Edition 1 of 3, Page 3, Untitled Ad

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      A CHART . OP THE OBfiEK ACCENTS , showing , atOna View , the Rules , with their Exceptions , as applicable to » 11 their Parts of Speech , in their different Inflexions , by Chamm Gerabd , late Classical Master at the Rev T . Home ' s , Chiswick , author of " Translations of Aristophanes , " "Celsus , " &c ., 4 c . Price Is . ; by post , H penny stamps . . . ' e '

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      . Just published , price Sixpence , a SPLENDID NEW MAP OF LONDON , ¦ ¦ E . NTHXKD " LONDON AT ONE VIEW . " This beautiful map is printed on a gliatt'three fast lone by nearly two feet wide . . It includes upwards of Sevea Miles from east to west of tho great metropolis , and is bordered and embellished , in addition , with twelw « rr , R «> H > views of public metropolitan buildups . This map also contains a great quantity of statistical information never before given in any previously publishes plan of London . . No person visitiim the British Capital should be without it . Sent pbstffrce for t « n Postage-stamps . Be sure to ask for . . "London at One View . " A very liberal allowance to tha Trade ,

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      THE CB OS S . ROADS ; translated from the French of M . Jules Janin Pric « Two Shillings , poit-frec . " Generally known aa the French language is in En gland-It la singular how little known are manv of the finest modern prose fictions of the best French authors : there is a perfect . mine , of intollectual wealth which is scarcelr known of in this country , or at least the greater part of it while a great mass of the reading public is being corruptei mbotti taste and feehng by a vast issue Of trasll ofthe worst description from which no head or heart canpos . sibly he benefited . ' U Chtmin de Travem , by Jules Janih , was loft untranslated until tho present appeared and was of course a sealed book to the English public . The translator has called the book 'THE CROSS ROADS , ' though the title of the oriirinal is in the sinmHar .

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      Price 2 s . Gd . ( post-free ) , elegantly bound in red morocco cloth , and illustrated with eight splendid engravings , Franklin ' s edition of MATILDA ; or , the MEMOIRS of a YODXG WOMAN , by Eugene Sde . This is the best and only authorised translation . Be sura to atk for Franklin ' s edition .

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      ELIZA GRIMWOOD , a LEGEND of tho WATEItI . 00 ROAD ; to which is added a thrilling narrative ofthe life of Llleu Dalefon ); and many astounding facts relative to a celebrated Boarding ; school for Young Ladies at Ful-1 mm . Price 3 s . Gd ., post-free .

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      THE LONDON PIONEER . No-, r publishing , Price 7 s . Gd . Losdox Pioneer . —This is , without exception , the cheapest , the mostmstructive , and the most amusing wovk ever offered . There is not a subject that it does not treat upon . All ages , sexes , and classes will be pleased with it . Each volume contains upwards of two thousand nvz MPKDBED columns- of closely-printed letter-press , illustrated with a great number ef beautiful engravings . Persons going long voyages would find tho " Londo * Pioneer" an invaluable companion . There is only faultit is too cheap . Many books of less value have been . sold for . Three Guineas . The ' London Pioxeeu" contains several original Novels and Romances , each of which iu former days , would have been sold for a Guinea and a half each . Each volume may be had -separately , at 7 s . Cd ., post free 1 o all parts of tho United KinsKloni . Payments may be mado by a remittancoin penny postage

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      The Mother ' s Curse ; or , the Twin Brothers of Whitehall : an Historical Tale . Price Is . ; by post , Is . Gd . The Romance ofthe Forest , by Mrs . Anne Radcliffe . Ia one volume , Is . 6 d ;; by post , 2 s . The Threo- Rivals ; ov , Theodora , Iho Spanish Widow . Also , the Enchanted Horse . Price Sixpence , together ; by post , 9 d . • • ¦ ' The Gipsy ' s Warning ; or , Love and Ruin : a Romance of Real Lite ; in which are given the mysterious parentage , birth , life , - courtship , and subsequent murder of Maria Martin , in the Red Bam . Price Is . Gd ., post frue . Alf of Munster ; or , the Anabaptist . Translated from tho German of Vandorveldt . Being a historical romance of intense interest—of love , inconstancy , cival war , rapine , torture , and wholesalo bloodshed . " Price 9 d . ; by post , Is . Paul ami Virginia . By J . Bernardiu de Saint-Pierre . Trice Cd . ; l ) y post , 9 d . The Dream of Love ; a Tale of the Passions . Translated from the French of Frederick Soulic . Price ( id . -bv post , 9 d . ' The Convert ; ov , The Prior of Red Penitents ; beini ; tho History of a Thief who was hanged , and brought to life again . Translated from tho French of M . Gozlan . Price 4 d . ; by post , 8 d . The House of Doom ; or , La Maison Murcc , a talc of lively interest . Price 6 d . ; by post , 9 d . Crime and Vengeance ; a Tragedy of Real Life . Translated from tlie French of Frederick Soulie . Price 4 ( 1 . ; by post , eight penny stamps . Donakla ; or , the Witches of Glonsliiei ; a Caledonian legend of thrilling interest , containing eighty pages of small type . Price Is . ; by post , eighteen penny stamps . Pride and Vanity ; or , the Baukcv and the Peer , from the French of Frederick Soulie . Price Gd . ; if by post , nine penny stamps . The History of Nourjahad , the Persian ; a beautiful story . Price Gd .- ; by post , nine penny stamps . 1 Tho Ass in the Lion ' s Skin ; a French Romance , transl lated into English . Price 8 d . j by post , twelve penny > stamps .

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      HIE FRENCH LIBRARY ; containing tho following English translations from the French : — Attar Gull , by Eugene Sue , Is . ; by post , Is . 4 d . La Marana , by Do Balzac , 9 d . ; by post , Is . The Cross Hoads , | by Jules Janin , i's ., post-free . Tho King ' s Diversion , by Victor Hugo , Is . ; by post , Is . 4 d . Lucretia Borgia , by Ditto , Gd . j by post , lOd . Or the whole hound together , 4 s ., post free .

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      Tales ef My Landlndj ; in 33 lumbers , al ThrcehalfpenQo each , or in ono Yol ,, neatly bound , for 4 s . Gil ., post-free . These tales comprise many of tho above Works . Each Number uontains'Sixteen Pages of closrly-printed Letterpress , stitched in a neat Wrapper , aud embellished with a superb-Engraving . History of the Sun and Mootr , Id ; each ; by post , 2 d . each . The Plague-in London by an Eye-witness . 32 closely-printed Pages , 2 C ; hy post , 4 il . • Zadto , a Philosophical llomanc « " , by Voltaire , to winch 53 added tho Hermit , 'by Parnell '; showing the similarity of the two stories , 'Price fld , stitclwd , or in cloth boards . Is . ; by post , Is . 4 d . Punch ' s Comic Album Broadsheet , containing a vast number of humourousengravings . Price Id , "' Franklin ' & Juvenile' Library , in Penny Numbers . —No . 1 contains tho Forty Thieves , the Duke and tlie Tinker , the Soldier ' s Wife , and Peoping Tom of Coventry .-No , 2 , Valentine and Orson , the Long Pack , and the Conjuring . Box—No : * , Fair -Rosamond . —No . ' 4 . Robin Hood aud little John .

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      Franklin ' s nistory of England in Miniature , from the remotest period to the present day ; giTing , also , on outline of the English Constitution , Manners and Customs ofthe Ancient Dritons , itc , A neat pocketidition , con . taming 24 'pages of closely-printed lcttor-press . Price 3 d . ; by post , five pennyatamps . - Pope ' s Esaay on Man , with a Commentary , by the Rev . J . h . Smith , JI . A , Price Is . ; by post , eighteen pennv stamps . MEMOIRS OF SERGEANT PAUL SWANSTOX . In one thiek ' octavo volume , cloth boards , Ss . Gd ., posi . free ; in eleven parts , at Od . each '; or in fifty-five penny numbers , the Memoirs of Sergeant-Paul Swanston ; written by himself , and never before published , This is the complete life of a soldier in Portugal , Spain , Franco , America , Ireland , and Gveat Britain , from 18 t ) C . to 1825 . The camp the marchthe skirmish , the battle , the victory , and the ' defeat ; tho iege , tho forlorn hope , the plunder , th « riot , the ravage , the military heroism , nnd the moral crime ; the fulness of one day and the hunger of another ; liberty and hope , captivity and desiwjr . 'wcre parts of the author's cvery-day life . Memorials of his most adventurous comrades are also recorded ; with many new . details of tin . Duke , his campaigns , officers aud soldiers which h » Vc new ' appearcdla ny other work , of the Mud . -

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      HOLD OS , HOLD OS . Df THB WORLD'S - DESPITE . ( From the Uxlridge Spirit of Freedom ) Sever dtspair-ofc ! my brother in sorrow , cl » ° f tliat 0 » mourning is ended notUefc ^ ^^^^^ to ^ y , be the « £ totr ^ n ^^ ^ on * ^^^ etyrant ' Bsim ' a set W menspur tWor ^ omthotfrt and 80

      Aide only cheered by the lamp of its love ; are *** S *** * sha 11 lose notfor •^ "Ihfc ^^ .. aitr thy worn Hold on , hold on--m the worlds despite , SS 7 ' P * e ^ POfGod Ana my l § e for thine it shall , end in the right . mat Li ^ - m ^ tyra bwe perisneu , The angel of Efe rolls the atone from their graves—Still live the love and the freedom they cherished akv "" trum P eUty 8 tks the ^ ey hearts of

      They are gone-yettheirpresencehath leftin our life A glory , like God ' s iiss on clonds at even , Cone down on the desolate g ^ oft ^ atrife To climb as star-heacons up liberty ' s heaven . Hold on stdlhold on-in the world ' s despite , 2 » urse the faith in thy heart , keep the lamp of God bright , And my life for yonrs , it shall end in the right . Think of Ae wrongs that hare grotraa US for ages ,-lntns of the wrongs wahava sHIltn « idSM __

      Think of our blood-red on history ' s pages , Then work that our reckoning be speedy and sure . Staves-cry to God-hat be our God revealed to our hearts , in our lives , in our wafare for man , And bearing—or borne upon—victory ' s shield . Let us fight till we fait in the proud battle ' s van . Hold on , still hold on ^ - in the worlds despite , aurse the faith in thy heart , keep the lamp of God bright , Ynd my life for youra , it shall end in the right . Massei .

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      Tie Colchicum Remedy for E pidemic Cholera . By Joseph Beix . Newcastie-upon-Tyne : G . Green , 99 , Side . TFithoot pretending to that medical knowledge and experience which , might enable us to pronounce a decided opinion on the worth of Mr ; Bell ' s remedy for Cholera , we consider it due to the public safety to give our assistance in calling attention to the said remed y . More than twelve months ago Mir . Bell communicated lib view 3 to the Medical Times , but , excepting in afewinstances , the profession gave no countenance to his suggestions . Not dismayed , Mr . Bell proceeded to reduce Ms theory to practice , and -with the happiest

      results . Between October 1848 , and October 1849 , he sold , gave away , and dispensed upwards of Forty Thousand doses to persons suffering from decided Cholera , or Diarrhoea , and other active symptoms of Cholera . The effect of the medicine in restoring health is described by those who have tried it as perfectly satisfactory . " Some , apparently in the throes of death in the evening , have been at their employment in the morning . " Dr . Henderson , member of the Eoyal College of Surgeons of London and Edinburgh , and late of the Royal jtfavy , for many years past settled at Gateshead , has followed the treatment laid down In this pamphlet , with great success . He certifies that in more than two hundred cases—many of them—very severe—he had but six deaths . . We extract the following

      EEPiT TO OBJECTIONS TO THE USE OF COLCHTCtM . To this treatment of cholera it has been objected thatt : olchicnm itself produces some of the symptoms of cholera , viz .: that it sometimes causes vomiting , and that it causes a bowel complaint , that is purges , and that likewise it is a debilitating medicine . Kotr , granting that it does all these things ( which it does not , ) they are not conclusive arguments against its use . Ifcolchicumwasuniformally emetic , that is no objection to its use in Asiatic cholera , for emetics of the most active character are very frequently used , viz ., tartar emetic , epecachnanha , and mustard . Bat usually when colchicum is given for this

      disease it acts quite the reverse of causing vomiting , n Tery many instances having instantly put an end to vomiting of the most violent character , and even when the first doses have been thrown off the stomach , by perseveringly repeating it , ultimately ¦ w ith very few exceptions , it has silenced the vomiting , and most rapidly after that removed the other symptoms , which can be said of no other medicine ever given for cholera . About fourteen days ago eight ; powders were vomited , the ninth stopped , and instantly violent spasmodic action was removed . Colctiicam having purgative qualities , in the practice of the Faculty , is no objection to its use , else why is calomel in scruple doses , in which

      quantity it is an active purgative commended by Searle ? and that most drastic , purgative , and debilitating dru £ , Croton oil , has been administered and commended by the Faculty for cholera . Then the objections , that because celchicum may Occasionally excite vomiting , that it acts as a purgative , and that it is a debilitating medicine ( according to the practice of the profession ) on these considerations , fall one and all to the ground . But there is no analogy except of the most superficial ; character , betwixt the effects of emetics and purgatives and the effects of this Asiatic disease . [ Emetics cause the contents of the stomach to be elected , and increase its natural secretions , but they

      do not cause a new substance to issue out of the circulating mass into the sttmach and eject it . Purgatives increase the liquid secretions of the alimentary canal , but they do not create new secretiens . "Whereas in cholera , the natural secretions are nearly altogether suspended , and a new body , by some undiscovered process , perhaps by infiltration through the tissue of the substance of the intestines , is poured out of the blood into the alimentary canal , a body composed of the saline contents of the blood and a portion of the albumen , but chiefly composed of its serous portion . But as a purgative , colchicum , when given in this disease , does not invariably act , but the reverse ;

      for I have , after astringents have been given in Tain , ( and in some instances before any astringents lave been administered , the ejectments being the lice water liquor , ) sometimes with a single dose of colehicum combined with calomel , put a stop to the purging , aperient medicine being afterwards requisite to get the calomel out of the bojrels . V And granting that colchicum does'debilitate , it is questionable that it debilitates so , much as large doses of mercury , and certain that it does not debilitate so much as Croton oil , a most drastic purgativeiand the amount of debility arising from its influence , is not to be mentioned with that arising from ihe rice water stool , or from the violent

      spasmodic action of Asiatic cholera ; and the debility arising from colchicum i 3 not even to be named with that ! arising from the rapid salivationmany surgeons put their patients under in cholera . Thus the only objections that , as far as I know , can he urged against the use ot colchicum in this disease being removed , next let us estimate it * adaptation for the curing of it . ,,,,.. - Caolera , it 13 said , in Good's Stud ? of Medicine , is a disease mainly characterised by a total absence of tile from the whole range of the alimentary canal , ¦ while it is as generally round in great abundance in the "all bladder . Dr . EUiotson observes in cholera therl is no want of bile , but none gets into the

      intestines * AHd it has often been observed , that on the subsidence of this disease , what is called a reaction taking place , the first symptoms of abatement are lapiaiy followed by acrimonious bilious stools . And again , in Good ' s Study of Medina * it is said : <« The general battery of the symptoms appears , on a review of the disease , to have been opened by a snasmodiaconBfcrietion of the gall ducts , for without Buchanobstruction we cannot account for the exclusion of bile from the intestines 2 ¦*? « stl ° f ^| the curative means , ( the symptoms of the unease Indicatine as being proper , ] it is said the restoration r fSK ' on of bile , Md of its transmission into & % 32 S 3 . eontinues still to be the main ^ ftTl ' ccomplish this " main desideratum , " isSsSSSSis such rui

      purpose . ...... , __ _ ' Mr . Bell a s method of administering Colchinmis set forth in the Mowing prescriptions : — jn -. Asiatic cholera , there is suspension of the S&st'&sSisastfA ^ kw ^ s ^ trJ&rsz Svs areSuspended , no urine bemg secreted . ^ Si tlwf ^ tt ^ s i § £ * £££ fiy colcWcumis the most powerful ^ SSrbid irritabuity .

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      On ^ these grounds then , I ' said this remedy goes direct to the disease , and on these grounds it was stated to be simple and rational . f'w «• . ««» But having fixed on colchicum as the sheetanchor if SidFi ? £ iF £ next 'W fctermlS nM f II * assl 9 te ( Wia » what . com bined ; then for these purposes , to suit the various ways m which this disease makes its invasion " alo ! mel , rhubarb , cassia , astringents , oxide of biamutt SSIS ^ h ST ° m T » ™ iVand prepared Chalk was added to neutralise the acrid bile , poured uprofuse quantity intothe intestines ; dUuentsand cold water bemg freely drank , and as external auxiliaries , mustard noiiltf ™ ' w % . Jx-j ^

      , bricks and liniments audlul phur fr « lyTubbed on the parts cramped , were used hJSa ^ Z a S ^ JW « r .-W » of powdered colchicum root 6 grains , ditto caWel 3 Ko ^^ mf ** * % ? m 8 > ditt 0 P ° ™> ered chalk 4 U grains , ditto tormentil root 6 grains , mixed . ihe Indtaudm Powder . —Sulphate of quinine 1 gram , powdered rhubarb i grains , ditto cassia 6 grams , prepared chalk 30 grains , powdered colchicum root o grams , oxide of bismuth 6 grains . Tht Ifptenm Poaxfer .-Powdered tormentil 25 mu , s ditto catecu 30 grains , ditto galls 5 grains , ditto cassia 6 grams , prepared chalk 30 grains , pow dered colcbwum root 6 grains , ditto rhubarb 4

      Supplemental . to the above , to silence the incessant -v omiting , the following was used clapping a not mustard poultice on the stomach as long as it could be borne . Powdered tormentil root 30 grains , ditto colchicum root , 5 grains , mixed and repeat it as often as vomited in cold water . An Artrin ^ nt Powder . —Take of powdered tormentil 20 grains , ditto cateen 30 grainy ditto galls 4 grams , ditto cassia 6 grains , mixed . Table of Proportional Quantities suited for Different Ages . —Tor an adult a whole powder ; under one year l-12 th ; two years l-8 th ; three years l-6 th ; four years i ; seven years i ; fourteen years §; twenty years $ ; above twenty-one a full dose ; above sixty-five the inverse eradation of the above .

      Should everything be vomited , I would suggest to be given at intervals five grains of calomel and five grams of powdered colchicum root , placing them on the tongue , and wasluW them down with a mouth ful of water . This combination I have given with the desired effect . Calomel , we know , has a sedative effect on the stomach . These powders , before they reach the duodenum , ( in which they act on the liver , ) would be from one to two hours under brdi . nary circumstances , but as everything flows in this disease rapidly on , perhaps a much shorter period will be required unless there is ne purging , but

      Bunply spa 3 tns of the bowels . So on this account , from a few minutes to two hours may elapse before the medicine displays its power fully . Sometimes there is neither vomiting , purging , nor spasm ; indeed , violent spasmodic action is a favourable sign , most recoveries taking place when they are violent . For this type a stimulant of a peculiar kind is wanted . The frame is paraUsed by the intensity of the cause of this disease , I would , therefore , suggest strychnia in such cases ( which is chiefly used in paralysis ) combined with colchicum In the state of collapse it has been advantageously given . We add— ,

      DIRECI 1 OXS FOB USIXG THB FOWDXB . 1 . —The powders first to be made the proper strength to suit the age , for which see the table of proportional doses . 2 . —For Looseness . —Give a looseness powder every three hours , mixed in cold water , and if vomited , repeat it immediately ; drink mutton or beef tea with boiled rice in it frequently , and cold water when thirsty , and keep from solid animal food for a few days . Looseness , in some cases , requires a little variation of the treatment . The following is that which has usually succeeded when the powder ordered has failed : —on taking a few doses of the looseness powder , and the looseness still continuing , take a griping powder according to the directions , and after that take the astringent powder as directed . 3 . —This Looseness Powder is only proper when there is trifling pain of the bowels .

      4 . —For spasms of the stomach and bowels , griping , vomiting , and purging , with coldness of the body . Give a griping and spasm powder , ( and if vomited , repeat it immediately until it stops in the stomach , ) and apply a mustard , or mustard and bran poultice to the stomach and bowels , according to the severity of the symptoms , using much or little mustard ; apply hot bricks to the feet , and hot flannels to the legs , then give copious draughts of lean mutton , or beef tea , and cold water if thirsty , to be drunk as freely as agreeable . 5 . —If there is no passage through the bowels in two hours , be careful to secure an easy passage by giving magnesia or castor oil . Until the bile which this medicine is given to excite the flow of , is out of the bowels , griping and uneasiness will remain , —castor oil expefi it , —magnesia neutralises and expels it .

      6 . —when the severe symptoms snbside , if there is much weakness , put a teaspoonful of good spirit in a little of the beef or mutton tea , and give it every half hour . 7 . —If there is any soreness of the bowels , rub them with the liniment made of equal parts of turpentine , hartshorn , and opodeldoc , and then apply a warm bran poultice ; and if there is much soreness of the bowels , apply afewleeche 3 and then a bran poultice . Note . —Always take care to purge the griping powders off , to get the calomel out of the bowels , which will only be necessary if no easy passage takes place in two or three hours . 8 . —For indigestion , loss of appetite , loathing of

      food , rumbling of the bowels , and disorder of the head , give an indigestion powder once or twice a day in a little cold water . Should sickness . or griping arise after taking this indigestion powder take a little magnesia . 9 . —The calomel and colchicum , or colchicum and tormentil , to be given to check the incessant vomiting when everything is rejected ; taking care to apply a mustard poultice to the stomach and boweh , afterwards , if necessary , working off the calomel with a dose of magnesia or castor oil . The Astringent Powder is to be taken in a little cold water every three or four hours , if a looseness continues after taking the looseness or looseness and griping powders , if there is no soreness of the bowels .

      10 . —Be careful en recovery to take strengthening medicine for a while . For information on other important points we must refer the reader to the pamphlet itself , which certainly demands the most serious consideration of the public in general , and the Faculty in particular . Mr . Bell ' s mode of warfare against Cholera may be not according to medical orthodoxy , but , it at any rate appears to have been efficacious in hundredsperhaps , thousands—of cases . Of that there appears to be good evidence , and " Facts are chields that winna ding , An' canna be refuted . "

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      The Operatives' Free Press . Conducted by TVoRKEf g Men . Cambridge : J . Nichols , Fitzroy-square . London : J . Watson , Queen ' s-head Passage . "We expressed our approval of 2 $ bs . I . and II . of this periodical ; T 8 o . UL is still more worth y of our commendation . Both the matter , and the manner of the "writers , would do credit to any publication . The first article is devoted to an exposure of the humbug of " Our Glorious Constitution , " and a veil reasoned defence of Manhood Suffrage . The continuation of an essay on "The Labour Question , " contains some striking contrasts of monarchial extravagence and proletarian misery . The other articles axe "well -worthy perusal .

      The fallowing , though , not the best-written specimen , -we extract because its brevity enables us to give the letter entire ; the reflections of the writer possess a significance which "Parliamentary Keformers" would do well to ponder on .

      SOCItt REFORM . To Hit Conductors of Ac « 0 . F . P . " The discpsion of political topics forms the stockin-trade of many political writers and controversialists , who leave out of their calculation the measures necessary to benefit the masses . You may advocate universal suffrage as a remedy—but unless you impress on the people their duties to themselves , and on representatives their duty to the people , we ( hall ever be in the same position . There are few in Parliament who advocate the principle of universal suffrage , who will protect labour by legislative enactments . Ifl am rightly informed , the President of the Financial and Parliamentary Association is opfsed to all interference between capital and labour , need not say that Cobden , Bright , Hume , and

      others are of the same class . What will it benefit me , as a poor man , to support any of this class in preference to a man like Lord Ashley ? He is a Conservative , but votes for industrial reform—Hume , Walmsley , and other Liberals , refuse to legislate for labour . Which is the most useful to the working classes ? I know they opposed the Factory Bill , the Bakers' Bill , the Silkweavers' Bill , tho Stockingers ' Bill ; all of which were for the reform of abuses as grievous as any that exist . The bakers may toil day and night , through Sunday and week-day , from week to week , and year to yeer—the silk-weaver may have bis wages reduced under any pretence—the Btockingers may be robbed weekly , in various ways-c-and the miners perish in the mines by scores—but no redress can be obtained from a Liberal Parliament ; and yet we are called upon to honour , and shout , and

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      spend our earnings to keep it in power , to further oppress the weak , and give additionarltrength to flu trong ; . Blindness to the errors of this dais fe an evil . We want social reform , and men who will hpnestW profess their views onsociid questions ; men who will be bold enough to declare that the rights , privileges , and property of the working classes shall pa protected against capital and capitalists . The leaders , too , among the working classes , seem blind to these important matters . 1 think more discussion should take place on industrial Questions , in order to Bttae working man for higher purposes , and to insure proper advocates for the people . ' London . . An Industrial Refobhsr .

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      SUUSH 1 NE AND SHADOW A TALI OP THB NINETEENTH CENTURY . BT IH 01 UI MABT 1 K WHKLM , I » t « Secretary t » th « National Charter Association and National Land Company . Chapisr XXXI . . I shall not struggle ntore Nor longer strive forfood , I ' ve lost all vital power And energy of blood . I sink apace , and feel The stillness of the grave , — To whom can I appeal , Or what is left to save ? Still I want bread , and breadlcrave , Or scraps or dusty crumbs , Until my senses rave , Or madness numbs .

      Oh Heaven ! and thou art kind . To grant a soft release By waste of flesh and mind , — By gradual decrease !—Not torn away in pride , Nor mow'd in fulness down , Not frenzied out to suicide , By intellect o ' erthrown . I sigh'd for bits of bread , Oft thrown unto the dogs ; And gnaw'd my gums until they bled , At victuals mask ' d for hogs ; And fancied that this earth Was barren to mine eye , Where beastscouldfattenfromtheirbirth , And man with hunger die .

      What pangs I felt when pain'd , My first desire for food , Aa if my stomach drain'd My arteries of blood ! And then I raved and wept , And long'd with starving glare , Until exhausted nature slept 'Midst banquets rich and rare . Why dread the angry cloud Of thunder , tempest , ram , When there ' s an element aa loud , That rages in our brain ? When dizzy ears no more Can hear the howling cry Of famish'd organs , in their roar For hopeless charity ?

      By genius was I cursed , By passion undermined , Or was I in that cradle nursed , Which desecrates mankind ? No matter , let me glance Above , below , around , — Oh . ' where , save mimic countenance , Can charity be found ? Nought left , but to desire That in another life No more can hunger dire Promote such vital strife ! I have no use for stomach , jaws , Teeth , gums , or bowels—let it be , As / here I fail'd in nature ' s laws , I need them not eternally \ Still I want bread , and bread I crave , Or scraps or dusty crumbs , Until my senses rave , Or madness numbs .

      Sick bed , Mmthtster , 8 th July , 1846 . Return we to the house of desolation and mourn * ing ; during the time of Mary ' s illness , Arthur was too much absorbed with grief to attend to any domestic cares ; he had fallen into a state of torpid apathy , more fearful to contemplate than his previous moroseness . By the doctor ' s agency a nurse had been provided , and all arrangements completed for the child ' s funeral , and it was not until the corpse -was about being borne from the house that he showed any signs of being conscious of the loss that had befallen him ; then Nature awoke within him , and he exclaimed , " My beauteous boy ! thou too dead , " and sunk senseless on the coffin-with . difficulty the bearers conveyed him to his room . The

      pauper funeral then proceeded , and the body of the prized and petted infant—the child of many Boneswas laid in its mother earth without a single mourner to weep over its early fate ; no father's tear to water its lowly grave—no mother ' s sob to waft her prayer to Heaven and beg a welcome for her babe—yet does he sleep as soundly in the pleasant churchyard of Brompton , and the grass grows as green over Ms quiet grave as though he iras buried in all tho panoply of grief , with the dark plumed hearse , and the hired mourners following in its wake , making still more bitter by its solemn splendor the genuine grief of those whose hearts really wept his fate . Oh ! the mockery of human ceremonies , the hired ostentatious action of grief ! Cantheyrecallthedead

      to life ? can they assuage a single pang of those whose hearts bleed in secret 1 Yet do they so cling to humanity that the poor victims to tQeir delusions will spend their last shilling—endanger their credit , ay and rob the survivors of their daily breadrather than the bitter mockery should be withheld , and their pride gratified at the expense of their real comforts ; but such thoughts found no echo in the bosoms of Arthur or Mary Morton ; she , the disconsolate mother , grieved in silence as onl y a mother can grieve , that she wa 3 denied the privilege of seeing the last duties performed to her lott child , and her sick bed was indeed a bed of weariness ; and Arthur—he who should have been to her a shield and a consolation in this , theirdayofmutual

      tribulationhe was a frantic madman , raving continually of past joys , embittering the sorrow of the present hour , by insane reminiscences of by-gone hopes . Slowly did his mind recover its former tone—the unceasing attentions of his sick wife , alone prevented his falling a victim to insanity , and to what a world of misery did he awaken . With the recovery of Mary , the benevolence of the doctor towards them censod , and hunger once again stared them in the face , yea , took actual possession of their bodies . Mary ' s illness caused her to lose her employment , and deprived of her scanty earnings , charity was their only resource . Reader , hast thou ever known the pangs of hunger ? hast thou ever heard thy infant cry for food , and turned away thy face in hopeless aeronv ? Beinff in all nrobabilitv one of Arthur ' s nlasq

      in life , thou nast doubtlessly experienced want and privation , or thou hast been more fortunate than the majority of thy brethren . But if thou hast not , in the literal sense of the word , felt the pangs of hupger , thou hast but little conception of the despair that raged in Arthur ' s heart—his faculties were strung into a state of frantic excitement—bread must be had if he perished in obtaining it—ho rushed from the scene of hopeless desolation that his home presented , through courts and alleys , wretched and filth y , where the sun never Shone in Us splendour to cheer tho misery that dwelt there ; he wended his way until h » gained the open thoroughfare , when he paused not knowing where to

      bend his steps . It was a cold evening in the month of December , the rain came drizzling down ' , and the north east wind swept in triumph through the almost empty street . The rich and the respectable were safely housed in their ^ nug domiciles—misery and want were alone abroyJ—seyeralJwretcbes , poor as himself , hurried by him , striving by an increased pace to warm the blood that want caused to stagnate in their frames—it was at time when misery , seemed to be alone in the streets—taking counsel . with despair how to avenge the wrongs that society committed upon it . Arthur heeded not the biting blast , nor the strange companions that flitted by him—rage had warmed the blood that despair had so long chilled—he felt that he was treated as one

      of the offal of humankind , and he longed to avenge himself on those who scorned him ; onward he pasted until he came unto the usually crowded thoroughfare of Pall Mall . A gentleman was gaily converainj f with a courtezan ; Arthur implored Tiim for charity , and was answered with a jeer ; his blood boiled within him ; he rushed on ^ him as a wild beast on his prey , hurled him to the ground , and ere the astonished woman could give an alarm he was gazing , with almost childish glee , upon a g littering heap of gold and silver that he had wrenched from the grasp of the man he had assailed ; with the instinctive cunning of crime , he evaded pursuit and reached his own abode in safety ; he paused at the door ; he could not face his own loved Mary and his innocent child without some plausible excuse for being possessed of such , in reality , untold wealth

      he felt it would bo degrading them to his own level to make them conscious of his crime—reflection had supplied the place of rage—and though he neither regretted the act he had committed , nor dreaded it » consequences , still he felt that he had sinned against society , he could no longer look down with worn upon the depravity of his fellows ; he had been sinned against , but he had returned evil for evil . While these thoughts were busy in his mind , his eye glanced uneasily around , fell upon one of those haunts of vicoj glittering in splendour denominated Gin Palaces ; he speedily sought refuge from hisJcoDScience in this sanctuary , and drowning remembrance with repeated draughts of brandy ; ( a luxury long untasted ) staggered home in a state of moody intoxication . Our nero had now realized the fact of crime and drunkenness—subjects which his imagination had often dwelt uneasily upon , but of whoso dead sea frutys he , had never , hitherto feS * S-2 »* i 5 r-- ' - --:..

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      pwtaken he had now made a fresh experience—he fc t 5 S ? i . * l l ' that S ™ <*» " * ¦ <* outCMt humanity whiohJg contiuuaUy clanking in our ears , and enfolding victim after victim in its iron bands ., prune under our peasant social arrangement seems m some shape or other to be the inevitable inheritance of the whole family ; the rank of open criminals belongs to no distinct class of society , ' its recruits are mustered from every grade of mankind . f * £ r ° > y , 8 and oM i are alike its votaries , no distinction of sex is known ; beauty and intellect fall beneath its sway equally with deformity and ignorance ; still it Is true that the majority come Jrom that clnss who have to endure the most privations , and enjoy the fewi . st . treasures : nor can

      this be wondered at ; it would be strange and mor » appalling were it otherwise ; it would argue that man was naturally depraved , that vile cant of the religomsts , whereas wo can now trace the evil to its true source-theunequal distribution of wealththe opulence of tho rich aefcin ? as » powerful temptation to the poverty of the poor-itis an effort of nature to restore a due balance amongst the Z £ o ™ * mbers 1 her g'an * body ; and though these eruptions and excreScence 3 are loathsome and unsightly , and the safety of society demands their JJS ? ' are they analogous to the blotches thrown outward by the human frame in its efforts S ? i . aS ? body t 0 a state of health and vigour . This dootrne may be unfashionable , may irritate the prejudices of many ; but we believe it to be true ; it does not advocate the cause of crime ; it merely points put the source from whence it flows ; it the

      recognises man even in the criminal , and points the finger of hope to the future ; it is from this feeling of sympathy with the man , but detestation Of the crime that springs that morbid curiositj for criminal literature and for the possession of relics of great offend ers , we feel an interest in their fate . We long to know the steps by which they became lost to society , what temptations , what passions and necessities , have driven them to their fate , and we thrill with sympathy if the magnitude or nature of the temptation , touch a Bimilar chord 10 OUT own bosoms ; for how many , who now maintain a fair character , must , - if they dare penetrate into the recesses of their hearts , admit that it has been more owing to a concurrence of happy circumstances , than to moral fortitude or rectitude of principle ? ( To b $ eonHmud . )

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      NEWS AND READING ROOMS IN CONNEXION WITH THE PRINT WORKS OP MESSRS . THOMAS HOYLE AND SONS , MAYPIELD . ( From the Manchester Spectator . ) Long will it be remembered and fondly recorded upon the tablets of many hearts of the workpeople of Mayfield , that on the 13 th of October , 18 ® , for the especial use , advantage , and amusement of the employed , were opened the news and reading rooms , furnished with a . welUhosen assortment of newspapers , and miscellaneous useful arid instructive periodicals . At a great expense to the firm , part of a very spacious dwelling-house , lately occupied by one of the partners , has been , by their particular wish , converted into two beautifull y decorated and

      commodious rooms , replenished with ma gnificent maps , and all that is desired to make it convenient , attractive , and comfortable . To attend to these rooms , a person has been appointed by the hands themselves , who ia to furnish them at cost price with Hot coffee before six in the morning , or during the day ; and he has permission also to soil ginge £ beer , tobacco , and cigars . The smaller , or smoking room , besides being used for that purpose , is also intended for various kind * of amusements , so that such of the hands as are votaries of the scientific game of draughts , or the more ancient game of chess , have now an opportunity of innocently amusing themselvea until tho retiring hour of ten o'clock .

      The larger room , which is an exceedingly spacious one , is exclusively appropriated to reading , exoept for one night per week , when it is specially opened for singing , and rational amusements . It is conveniently furnished with a number of rather costly yew-tree arm chairs , and a number of forms and tables , whereon are spread to the eager gaze of the numerous readers , newspapers and periodicals , adapted to almost every variety of taste and opinion . The following is something like a list : —the Guardian , and Examiner , and Times , on Wednesdays and Saturdays ; the Spectator and Courier , on Saturdays ; and one impression each of the Illustrated London News , Dispatch , Douglas Jerrold ' s Newspaper , Bell ' s . Life in . Lond . on , Sunday Times , Lloyd ' s

      uonaon newspaper , uiasgow Herald , Dublin Freeman ' s Journal , Liverpool Mercury , Derby Chronicle ; the Times , daily ; Punch , and two Northern Stars . Of the periodicals , two copies of Chambers ' Journal , two People ' s and Howitt ' s Journal , two Eliza Cook ' s Journal , two London Journal , two Barker ' s People , two Family Heralds , two Temperance Reporters , and one each of Hogg ' s Weekly Instructor , Sharp ' s London Magazine , Domestic Journal , Plain Speaker , Roynolds ' s Miscellany , Potter ' s Examiner , Family Economist , Democratic Review , Ac . On the superbly decorated walls of this room are hung two valuable leviathan maps , one of the world , on Mercator's projection , . The opening of this establishment is certainly a

      boon to the working man , arid presents opportunities for improvement which ought to be seized with avidity . The people employed at these works can now make themselves acquainted with the events passing in the world . Every man may now bo qualified to understand them ; but the more he knows , the less hasty , tho less violent , and the more correct will be his judgment and opinions . Miscellanies may prepare the way for the reception of stronger mental diet . There are persons who can spare half an hour for the reading of a newspaper , who are sometimes disinclined to open a book . Useful and entertaining periodicals may be taken up and laid down , without requiring any considerable effort , and tend to attract the mind to higher

      and more important subjects , and eventually lead to a closer intimacy with , and appreciation of , books of deeper interest .: An ancient sage and . Roman orator strongly admonishes youth to acquire knowledge , as a solace in age and adversity . " Thestudy of literature , " says he , " nourishes youth , entertains old age , adorns prosperity , solaces adversity , is delightful at home , and unobtrusive abroad . " Having long enjoyed the advantages of the"half-day [ holiday , " now that an afternoon ' s ramble across' the green fields becomes less and less inviting , what so welcome a privilege to the « tired labourer " as here offered him to increase his present store of knowledge ? After the toils of the day are ended here , in a comfortable arm-chair , he may take up a paper to suit his peculiar taste , throw himself into oblivious ease , vest his tired limbs for

      a while , and then say , -with the laureate-poet Rowe — " Begone , my cares ; I give you to the winds . " —[ The true liberality of the Messrs . Hoyle cannot be too highly praised . We trust that the workmen will one and all give their leisure time to the read- ' ing room , to the total abandonment of the public house . We presume the news-room is open only to the " hands" attached to Messrs . Hoyle ' s print works ; but surely . other employers will , ere long , follow so noble an example . It would be well if the working men generally would apply to their employers to imitate the Messrs . Hoyle . Why not ? Let this suggestion be considered in every workshop and factory , and , if'approved of , be acted upon forthwith . Let US 'have a politically-informed people ; political and social reform will be sure to follow . Again we express our thanks to the Messrs . Hoyle .-itf . IT . S . }

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      THE NEW MORMON CITY . ¦ ¦ Tho Mormons have built a new city on the banks of the Great Salt Lake in California , and a letter dated July 17 th , published in the New York Herald , gives the following description of it : — : ? Weare now , says the writer , in tho Mormon city , located in a fine valley , 150 miles long , by twenty or thirty miles broad , with a gradual descent to tho lake , bo much so that the whole may be , and much is , watered by the streams and rivers which issue from the high mountains above them . They have now about 6 , 000 inhabitants . The city is laid out in large squares ; and every man can andmust have 1 £ acres of land for garden use , which can bo readily irrigated . Their cavdens arelooki ™ finelv .

      and give js a full supply of fresh vegetables , which , with fresh butter , &o ., is very acceptable , after a tour of two months and a half on bread and bacon fare . The Mormons are a very regular , well informed , well disposed people . They are very kind to us , and are doing all in their power to make u « comfortable—repairing our waggons , &c . They are building a fine state-house , or council-house a » they term it . Their dwellings are small , mostly made of aun-dned brick , with gome few log huts . r ^ tk www of a rido to-day , I took a most delightful bath m a pool of warm mineral water near the city plot . Tho pool is from thirty to forty feet m diameter , and gives a large and fresh supply of water

      . ° I attended church on Sunday . The meeting was one for public business as well as religious services . The names of the emigrants who had arrived during the past week-were read over ; notices of cattle lost and found , with their respective marks , and the particulars for their recovery , were attended to ; the programme of the anniversary celebration of their Society ' s arrival two years ago was proclaimed ; it will take place soon , and will be a great gala day . Tho set toasts for the occasion were also read—some of them being very caustic , and other * causing great laughter , such as " Tho downfall of the IT . S . government . " " Three ' groans for Martin Van Buren , " for not aiding them when President , &c . It seemed to be a regular business meeting , with strong allusion s to " matters of godliness , ' tod the Mormon , faith in particular .

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      J ™ 1 * a ™ a L ? mm Mkn - -a quarterly " - MlK « J 3 duS 81 n ^ « objection to the Copyright S i Ed ™ rH SWnt T ^ fourd Trhich ™ to&n > of S ? , ' - 8 ives some curious PMticulaw ¦ « ? + Pr ° Sen ? of literary men : — " We are not , " KrSJS n i tb at men distinguished for extraordinary intellectual power of any sort rarolv IH »^ . &SH S ^ rr-T ^ -aate turn of the English poet ; and we believe the c » se is the same , n Franco . The blood of befnga < £ That order can seldom be traced far d ¦ Jf ^ ? J ™ £ female line . With the excentin * Jr &SL ? i-S

      Spenser we are not aware of any English author of at all remote date , from whoso boly my lffi person claims to be descended . There is no real English poet prior to tho middle of the eighteenth century ; and we believe , no great author of a « v sort except Clarendon and ShafLbS ^ f S blood we have any inheritance amonst us . Chaucer's only son died childless ; Shakspeare ' s line expired m his daughter ' s only daughter . None of the other dramatists of that age left any progeny ; nor Raleigh nor Bacon , nor Cowley , nor Sutler . The granddaughter of Milton was the last of his biood Newton , Locke , Pope , Swift , Arbuthnot , Gibbon ! Hume , Cowper , Gray , Walpole , Cavendish , ( and we might greatly extend the list , ) never married Neither Bolingbroke , nor AddUon , nor Warburton ' norJJohnson , nor Burke , transmitted their blood '

      . A man , agod thirty , blind from his birth , wa 3 recently restored to sight by an operation performed at the Liverpool Eye Infirmary . * Portraits in oil , of any size , are now taken by a photographic process , m a sitting of half a minute . The process is called Photo-Prosopon . Thb French government ha 8 recently ordered £ « , £ f ^" re ' T ? l P aint uaed in PuWiff buildings shall be ^ made of tho white of zinc , which is not injurious to health , instead of white lead . A correspondent says , " Bavins seen in voiir paper that L , k Montes Us the daufhSr of a Srk £ ^ K * * ' * whether that does not fully account for ner light character ? " »*«;« . It is some hardship to bo born into tho world and find all nature ' s gifts previously enm-ossoH nn ^ „„

      place left for the new comer .-Mn Ml The best cure for low spirits is business . Ono nail or the melancholy that you run against is "wm * by indolence and feathGP beds . The best fun in the world is activity . Sir Fowbh Buxton :- " The longer Hive the more lam certain that the great difference botween men between the feeble an § the powerful , thegreat and the insignificant , is energy-Winoible determination-a purpose once fixed , and then death or victory . That quality will do anything that can bo done m this world ; and no talents , no circumstances , no opportunities , will make a two-legsed creature a man without it . " s It is proposed to charter a vessel to sail round the world . The excursionists to bo absent one year , and to pay fifty guineas for their

      passace Russian Navy . —The sailors are semi-soldiers for during the greater part of the year they are on shore , and are quartered , drilled , and employed as military . Tho Russian sailor derides our naval costume , and considers the dress of our Jack tars to be slovenly and ununiform . Some Swedish ships of war are at present at Oronstadt , and the dress ot the officers is similar to ours , and I hear many a sarcastio remark on thoir appearance . Imagine a Russian sailor in a tightly fitting and padded coatee , with an upright collar , straps on their pantaloon , and an Albert hat without its brim . Our Jack would , I rather tbink , have the lauchonhis side , either m a race to the main truck , or in boarding a vessel with this Muscovy tar . An Irishman received a challenge to fisht a dnel .

      rot fleeuned . On being asked thS reason , « Och » said Pat , " would you have me lave his mother an orphan ? Thei Creation o * . Wo&ux—A poet in tho Keen Republican , celebrating the works of Dame Nature ftsSq S ^ r " very near being oviginai : Sh Pfst mado woman—so the story goes—With an improved material and art Gavo her a form , the choicest one of those I hat make aught beautiful , and to her heart A v , softe . man-and forced the rose its blushing tint to her soft cheek impart-Anon chopp'd the rainlowup , and with the chips feho went to work , and finished off her lips ! «« MISSISas good as a mile , " said a young lady Much better sometimes , " observed the gentleman she was conversing with .

      Thb Great chance . —The spell . is broken which bound men to reverence what is ancient and established , whether it merited their reverence or not . The spirit of the age has changed , and nothing remains the same but the institutions and outward form of society , which vainly expect permanence while all are shifting around them ., A warfare has alread y begun between the past and the present , and every country contains -within itself a party hostile tp its establishments , whose number gain fresh accessions , and their opinions new weight , with every succeeding year . The revolution whio . u

      has at present taken place in opinion will inevitably , though perhaps slowly , produce correspondent alterations in the Condition of society ; and when tho minds of men are sufficiently prepared , a new social arrangement will take place , and fill the world With new institutions , as different from those which now prevail in the kingdoms of modern Europe , as the institutions of the latter differ from those of tho ancient republics of Greece and Rome . ... As tho ancient form of government was founded on the general notion of a community , and the Gothic upon the privileges annexed to different ranks , so a new and universal form of Civil institutions is arising , founded

      — , not upon the circumstances of any particular period of society , but upon the common nature of man , and the general end of government . — Douglas of Cavers . A Modest Editor . —Great men must always be talked about , abused , lied about , vilified , praised , hatred , slandered , and puffed . So are we 1—WeeMv Herald [ New Yosh ) Cold Cream was invented by Galen , 2 , 000 vears ago . To prepare it take half an ounce of white wax , half an ounce of . spermacity , and three ounces of almond oil ; put these into a basin , which place into hot water till melted ; thon gradually add three ounces of either rose water , elder water , or orange flower water , stirring all the while with a fork or small whisk . Any perfume may be also put in ; but , medicinally , it is better without . When cold .-itisfitforuso .

      The Promised Land , —Tho great soul of the world is just . Towards an eternal centre of ri ght and nobleness , and of that only , is all this confusion tendinff ..,,.,,.. right on , bravo heart , and falter not , through bright fortune and through dark . The cause thou tightest for , so far as it is true , ia sure of victory Though wide seas and roaring sulphslie before us , is it not something if a load-star in the eternal sky do once disclose itself ; an everlasting light , shining through all cloud-tempests and roaring billows , ever as we emerge from tho trough of the sea—the blessed beaoon towards which we steer incessently for life ? There lies the heroic Promised Land ; under that Heaven's light bloom tna Happy Isle . —Thomas Cartyle , When toc have lost money in the streets , every one is ready to help you to look for it ; but when you havo lost your character , every ono leaves you to recover it as you can . 1 l >

      Bure Sky , —It is a proverb , not destitute of truth , that" If during a rainy morning there is seen a piece of blue sky large enough to make a Dutchman ' s breeches , the afternoon will probably . be fine . " The Question of Questions . —The condition of the working classes is the great enigma of the age . It is the problem that must be solved at all events . It is possible to devise any scheme that shall regulate the relations ' of " tlio Laves ' and " the haves not , " other than that which leaves tho instincts of commerce and the impulses of human nature—such

      as they have been from the year 1 to a . d . 1848—to their usual derelopement and moral action . A Classical Colony . — An English colony is about to be established in Greece . An immense estate having been purchased for the purpose , the establishment will be under very high auspices ; the prospects of the land are corn , cotton , and tho finest tobacoo . It is supposed that the land will be sold on an average , varying from five to ten shillings per acre . Capitalists—clergy and gentry—have taken up this scheme vory eagerly from classic

      associations . Leigh Hunt ' s autobiography is now in the press and will be published before Christmas . The ladies of Glasgow have presented moro than 1 , 000 volumes to the library of the Athensoum iu that city . A man who was reprimanded by a divine for swearing , replied that he did not see any harm in it , "No harm in it ! " said the minister ; " why , do you not know the commandment , 'Swear net at all ?'" " I do not swear at all , " said tho man , " I only swear at those who annoy mo . " A celebrated wit maio one of his happiest jokes when he heard that Bishop , who had been sent to Portsmouth , preparatory to transportation for life , had escaped . " ' Gad , sir , " said he , "hemust have boen an archBishop to do that ; and yet his dislike to tho sea is quite unaccountable . "

      Happy Eng land !—From a parliamentary return , just published , it appears that the total number of paupers relieved in England and Wales on tho 1 st of July , 1849 , was , in workhouses , 97 , 128 ; out of doors , 763 , 26 « . A Hexham barber was bragging that h « could shave anything— even "the face of Nature . ' " Faith , " said an Irish reaper , who chanood to bo in the shop , " what of that ? I shuve tho face of Nature oft enough . \ do ;—with a hook 1 "

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      , Notehbeb , 10 , 1849 .

      Tlst Of Books And. Sheets How Rubuihuw Bt B. D. Cousins.

      TlST OF BOOKS AND . SHEETS HOW rUBUIHUW BT B . D . COUSINS .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 10, 1849, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1547/page/3/