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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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" M l $$£ » Ste ? aaSC ' " *??** . ^ lioarytimehaa ™ " a ^^ ° ^ fte Knsdangoreniinenthaa stirrea S fiL ^ r ^ ? ^ succeeded , Hungary " was ^^^ HuSgSei ^ elltnatiOnS - " -C < ^ rete
-Great lord of / Libertyand . Truth , Inow thine aid ibyoKg j ¦ . i .. . , Topl ^ for noWe HcsGABi—that rent the Austrian yokel . : . ^^ rTsS ^* ^' sprins I midst Bare shed refreshing Hope ' s bright light , upon a despot ' s land . Oh ! let us all our voices lend , in heartupholdinc praise ; To the nation , that ' midst tyranny , dared Freedom ' s head upraise ! That . waved her gloriousflag across grim Despotism ' s face , ¦ ¦ . ¦ ¦ r And jawed that in the Eastern wld , there dwelt one noble race !
JPMJr » 0 ! BoKGjffiri . thouiaay ' stmaketliycannon-\ oicedfoesdumb ! That o ' er thy lion-hearted land a halcyon time may come ! That thy trae peasantry may show , thy noWcnobles how In much-loved peaee- ^ as in dread war—real gratitude they know ! Sight well hath thoughtful Laxdob said , for good to all on earth , That glorious KossciHandhraveBEMa million men are worth ! If not within my country ' sheart—in mine thy wrongs have place ; And oft it throbs Trith hope for thee—ihounoble Easternrace !
Oh ! ne ' er may "freedom shriek , " as when great KosKrosKofell ! Oh ! ne ' er may future history have such dismal woe tatelL A curse on hireling liars all- ^ ont , out upon the Times 1 It hath humanity's deep corse , winged up from all earth ' s climes . If we would right and justice aid—true as God ' s radiant sun ; If wewouldaidthe march of truth—the way of error shan ; If we would serve our very God , whe smileth in Bis grace , Up , up andsave , Ofree-bornmen , thatnoble Eastern race 1
IWhenhallowedrights three centuries old , inhloodmay bo blot out ; Such outrage to Humanity should meet resistance stout To see-three hundred long long years , robbed of all good to man ; To flames of indignation high , all honest hearts must fan ! AH glory to the race that shall the Cokbob ' s * talons clip , And thus prevent her ruthlessly in hravemen ' s Wood to dip . If we -would serve oar very God , who smileth in His grace , "We must aid , ' gainst the destroyer , that nohle Eastem race !
Big with the future fate of man , is this Hgsgaeiax sore ; Big as roiflHA ' s Eagles' fall , in that sad day of yore ! How fair and timely is the hour , to grapple for the free , And e'er the set of Aibios * s sun , bend Bcssia ' s Titan knee ! Crushed FotiSD yef deb spirit hath—ere her ' s and Hcxgabt ' s die , let Albion's name with theirs he joined in immortality ! If we would wvz our very God , who smfletu in His grace ! We must save that land of heroes , thatnobleEastern race ! 3 Iay 16 th , 1849 . Hbmasiias . (*} Russia , often so called . 11 mm
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AUTOBIOGRAPHY OP JFEANCOISBENE , VISCOUNT DE CHATEAUJSRIAND . Vol . IL London : Simms and M « Intyre , Paternoster-row . The close of the first Tolume of these memoirs left the author on Ms exploring expedition tough the -wilds of North America . The Tolume before us introduces him to his readers in the company of English , French , and Dutch settlers , Indians and half-castes , including two swarthy goddesses "who combi ned all the graces of Spanish and Indian beauty . The poor tra-Teller ' s head was well nigh turned , -whilst in the company of Ms bewitching companions . ^ Fortunately , he was philosopher enough to withstandtemptation , otherwi se his adventures ¦ would , in all likelihood , have been cut short by the tomahawk and the sealping-knife . We extract our autobiographist ' s account of his Tisit to NIAGARA . I lave seen the cascades of the Alps with their Chamois , and those of the Pyrenees with their izzards . I have not ascended the 3 file high enough to meet with its cataracts -which there degenerate into rapids . I speak not of the azure zones of Tcrniand Tivoli , the elegant drapeiy of ruins , or the subjects of the poet ' s song—Et praeceps Anio ac Tiburni lucus . " AndtherapidAnioand the sacred wood of Tibur . " 3 fiasara eclipsed them all . . I was holding my horse ' s bridle twined around mv arm . when a rattle-snake rustled among the
brushwood . The terrified animal reared up ana recoHed in the direction of the falL I was unable to disengage my arm from the reins , and the horse , heconiin" - every moment more frightened , dragged me after him . Already his forefeet had left the earth Leaning over the margin of the abyss , he was prevented from falling only by the pressure of the reins . It wasall over withme , when the animal , astonished himself at his new danger , wheeled round with a pirouette . If I had quitted the world in the midst of Canadian forests , would my soul have carried to the supreme tribunal , the sacrifices , the good works , and the virtues of the father Jogues andlallemand , or only vacant days and miserable chimeras 1 _ , . ed t
This was not the only danger I encountera 3 Ha"ara . A ladder of Lind-weed served the savaoesfor descending into the lower basin . It was at that period broken . "Wishing to see the cataract from below , I ventured , notwithstanding the remonstrances of my guide , upon the side of an almost perpendicular rock . Notwithstanding the roar of thewatcr which boiled above me , 2 retained mj steadiness of head , and reached withm forty ieet oi the base . Arrived there , the naked and vertical rock no longer offered me any support I remained suspended by one hand from the last root which I met with , feeling my fingers every moment giving way from the weight of my body . -There are few wVwnnhave s £ nt during their life . two minutes
such as I then reckoned . My weary hand at last let < ro its hold , and I fell . By an unexpected stroke of » ood fortune Ifound myself on the slope of a rock , on which one would have imagined i must have been dashed to pieces , and did not feel much injured . I was within half a foot of the edge of the abyss , and I had not rolled over ; but when the cold andthedamp began to penetrate my clothing , I perceived that I had not got off so cheaply . 1 nad my left arm broken above the elbow . My guide , ¦ who was gadnw at me from above , and to whom made signals of distress , ran to summon the savages . They hoisted me up with halters by a path which lad been made by the otters , and transported me to their village . I had only a simple fracture . Two splints , a bandage , and a sling sufficed for my
recovery , # At the farm-house of an American , CHATEactbiaxd obtained sight of an English newspaper , in -nrMeh he read the account of the attempted escape ofLoms XVI ., and his arrest at Tarennes . This news decided him to interrupt his travels andreturn forthwith to Europe . He did so , and had a narrow escape of ship--wreckon the Shore 3 of Brittany . Shortly after his return to France he married , or rather was married , for he appears to have oeen the most passive of mortals that ever be-Saparty to the tying of the «*«** £ inot of matrimony . His account of the affair ihoughnot intended to excite laughter , is pro-ToMnglludicrous . " . „
y .. ,. „ Within a few months of Ms marriage , Chaieatjbriasd quitted Madame , and along with his brother joined the loyalist emigrants in Grermany . His descriptions of his comrades , show the contemptible character of the Wand aristocrats . He appears to have had but indifFerenthealtli , with which to meet the toils and dangers of the life of a soldier in active service . After taking part in a little
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fighting against the Republicans , \ vhich only resulted in the discomfiture ' of the aristocrats , he quitted the ranks of the Germans , intending to go to Jersey and from there to Brittany , to join the Breton royalists . Almost , destitute , and -with a journey of two - hundred leagues before him , he found Hniself attacked by smallpox , and suffered terriblemiseries . Ultimatel y reaching Ostend , he embarked for Jersey , but was put ashore at Guernsey , apparently dying , I was apparently fated to excite compassion . , The wife of an English pilot happened to pass ; she was touched on seeing me , and called her husbandwho .
, assisted by two or three sailors , carried me into the house of a fisherman—me , the friend of the waves . They laid me on a comfortable bed , in snow-white sheets- ^ The young seaman ' s wife took all possible care of the forei gner ; I owe my life to her . The following , morning 1 again embarked . My hostess almost wept when parting from heir patient ; women have a heavenly and instinctive compassion for misfortune . My fair and lovely guardian , who resembled a fi gure taken from the old English engravings , pressed my swollen and burning hands in her fresh and lovely fingers ; I was ashamed that so much vilcness and misery should come in contact with so many charms .
He reached Jersey , and subsequently London instead of Brittany . New horrors met him , and more than . once he was in danger of perishing of hunger . A countryman and companion in misfortune , named Hingant , lodged , with Chateaubeiawd .
SUFFERINGS OF THE EXILES . "When we reached our last shUling , I agreed with my friend to keep it in order to preserve a semblance of breakfasting . We arranged that we should purchase a loaf at two sous ; that we should allow them to bring up warm water and the teapot as usual ; that we should not put any tea in it ; that we should not eat the bread , but drink a little warm water with a morsel of sugar which remained in the bottom of the sugar basin . Five days glided on in this manner . I was devoured with hunger ; I was burning hot ; -sleep had wholly deserted me . I sucked some : fragments of linen which I had dipped in water ; I chewed grass
and paper . "When I passed before the . bakers shops , my torments were dreadful . One severe evening in winter , I stood for two hours riveted before a shop where dried fruits and smoked viands were sold , drinking in with my-eyes all that I beheld . I could have eaten , not only the edibles , but the boxes , the baskets , and the panniers which contained them . On the morning of the fifth day , almost expiring from inanition , I drag myself to Hingant ' s house ; I knock at the door , it was locked ; I call Hingant , who is some time without giving any reply ; at las he rises and opens it . He was laughing in a wild and unnatural manner : his riding-coat was
buttoned . He seats himself before the table on which the tea-things were placed . "Our breakfast is just coming up , " said he , in an extraordinary tone of voice . I fancied I saw some drops of blood on his chemise ; I hastily unbuttoned his riding-coat ; he had given himself a stab with his pen-knife , about two inches deep , in his left side . I called out for help . The servant hurried out to procure a surgeon . The wound was dangerous . This new misfortune obliged me to come to some determination . Bingant had been a counsellor in the Parliament of Brittany , and he had refused to
accept the stipend which the English governm en ] granted to French magistrates , just as Ihad refused the shilling a-day given as alms to the emig rants . I wrote to M . de Barentin , and disclosed to him the situation of my friend . Hingant ' s parents hastened to his side , and brought him with them to the country . At the same moment my uncle , DeBedee , sent me forty crowns—the to aching oblation of my persecuted family . I thought all the gold of Peru was before me ; the pence of the prisoners of France served to support the French exile . "We-must leave untouched the episode of " Charlotte , " who first excited love in the frozen breast of our autobiograpmst .
After an exile of eight years in England , he returned to France under a Swiss name , there "to prosecute his career as an author . The account of his impressions of Paris in the year 1800 , when France was yet nominally a Republic , although Buonaparte was then preparing to assume the purple , concludes this volume . The Autobiography of Chateadbkiand is a work which no reader should be ignorant of . Although not free from defects , it is , on the whole , exceedingly interesting , and abounds in passages of beauty , the equal of which can be but rarely met with .
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Chartist Tracts for the Times . No . VII . Chartism , and the . Charter Defended . By the Kirkdau : Chabtist Prisoners . London : Watson . This tract is devoted to an able and impartial sketch of the rise and progress of Chartist principles , from the time of the Reform Bill agitation to the " Whig persecution of the Chartists in 1839 . The subject will be continued in number eight . In placing the Chartists , and their principles , in their true colours , before the public , our friends are doing good service to the good cause—service which cannot be too highly appreciated by their brother democrats . "We select a few extracts : —
THE WHIGS . The doings of the Whi ^ s during the agitation are fresh in our memory . The burnings at Bristol and Nottingham . Processions , in one of which an executioner was paraded , carrying a bloody axe . Attwood ' s threat to march one hundred thousand men on London , and at the same time holding a correspondence with the Whi g ministry . All this , and infinitely more , was openly tolerated and encouraged , without a single individual being arrested . How strangely this contrasts with the treatment to which the Chartists have been subjected by these brawlers , and incendiaries of J 830 . But there was wood cause for this . The Scditionists of that day were rich men struggling for the supremacy of an aristocratic faction , whilst the persecuted and imprisoned victims of the "Whig and Tory factions are friends of justice , and committed the heavy crime of opposing the usurpation of the titled and the wealthy . EFFECTS OF THE M 5 OMULGATI 0 X OF TIIE CIIARTF . R .
The definite and nnmistakeable shape in which this document placed the true principles of representation , aWmed the " Whigs and doubtful Radicals , therefore , to create a distinction , and shelter themselves from the obloquy of openly deserting their previous principles , all who had adopted the London document , as their political creed , were styled " Chartists , " and thus a distinct lino was drawn between the real friends of political and social progress , and the mere pretenders . The Working Men s Associations throughout the country , quietly adopted the title which malignity had thrust upon them , feeling it necessary to distinguish themselves from their previous doubtful and insincere associates . This was the origin of the term Chartist , and the democratic doctrines , promulgated by that body , have been called " Chartism . " We feel that the Drocedinfffacts are a full justification of the
part taken by the working classes and their mends . They plainly saw that , during the Reform Bill mania , they were made the mere tools of a worthless faction , whose every pledge to the people had been shamefully violated , and who used their newly acquired power to crush still lower the class who had exalted them to place and distinction , and they accordingly resolved to act for themselves for the futUK ? JIany well disposed men still feel a hankerin"' desire to link themselves once more with the mfddle class ; but as for us , we are firmly resolved that the game of 1830 shall not again be played , and that if there is to be a union of action at any future period , the just rights of the people must be first established . If they are wilhnc to add their influence to the movement in favour of the Peopls ' s Charter , then they will have redeemed their former pledge ; if not , they are unworthy of
' TIIE " PHYS I CAL FOBCb" CHAHTIST 3 . Even to this day , themost humane , intelligent , and honest portion of the advocates of the ' Rights of Man , are desig nated " physical foree men ^ levellers , Ac , by the corrupt press of the ruling factions , and their abettors . Jf physical force Chartism means a comprehensive and entu-e change in those institutione which tend to enrich the idle and send the grey hairs of industry with sorrow to the < rave , —ifphVsleal force Cliai-tismmoans drying the tears of the widow and fatheriess , and giving to industry its lawful due ,. and releasing mankind from
—¦—ue grasp ux gtccuj **/*• » *• - »*——— : --and complete emancipation of the people , from the worse than Espytian bondage which they now endure—then are we p hysical force Chartists heart and soul , and should glory in the appellation . The friends of liberty in afl countries have been singled out from the shuffling pretenders by some degrading epithet . Why not we ? Bejoice then ! you replied physical force men ! You are thought worthy of the latred of the enemies of English liberty andwear a distinctive badge which has been thrust upon you . The friends ef political and social progression in France are likewise stigmatised as Bed Bepubhcans and Socialists . Honour to them ! May we all succeed in the establishment of our dearest hopes , man s hapniness !
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The wide ' circulation of this tract must tend to dispel prejudice , by enli ghtening the hitherto uninformed or misinformed , of the veritable principles and real history of the Chartist party . AH true democrats should purchase , and do all in their power to promote the sale of these most useful and ably-written Tracts for the Times .
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The Uxbridge Spirit of Freedom . Conducted byWoRKIJIGMEN . No . III . June . London : Watson , Queen ' s Head Passage , Paternoster-row . Tms admirable publication continues its bold , unflinching course , neither turning to the right hand nor the left , but keeping the straightforward path of honesty . Its writers speak out manfully ; witness the following , from an article entitled
IT MOVES FOR AIL TIIAT . ' "It moves for all that , " said Galileo .: Said not Galileo right , brothers ? Ay , it moves for all that ! the patriots and friends of humanity have risen , bearded their tyrants , and fallen in their own blood , Gods nobles , the high-natured sons of Genius , have let out their Jires and shut up the wealth of their burning souls on the scaffold and in the dungeon , the prophets have suffered the bloodiest tortures that persecution could invent , and the world ' s redeemers have been crucified and slain at cross and stake , oppression triumphed . and liberty seemed dead—but , it moved for all tliat ! The poor are crushed , the tyrants link their
chain , the poet sings through narrow dungeon grates , man ' s hopes lie quenched , —but , lo ! with steadfast gain , Freedom doth forge her mail of adverse fates . Ferdinand of Naples , that regal dabbler in human gore , may plunder , violate , massacre , burn , and make a hell in that heaven upon earth , Italy ; but he , cannot kill liberty—she lives for ever in the hearts of men , and clingeth fast to the . footstool of God . Blum , Messenhauser , and Becher , our own countryman , have gone down to the martyr ' s grave in the first blush of the glorious dawn winch is bursting on the world ; Albert . Raspail . Barbes
and Ernest Jones , are in the hands of gaolers ; Louis Blanc , Caussidiere , Proudhon , and JohnMitchel , are in exile from the motherland they levedso well ; England groans with three million paupers : Poland lies bleeding at every pore , beneath the iron heel of the Northern Autocrat ; but , ft moves still ! '' Articles conceived 1 in the same spirit , on "Kings and Kingcraft , " "The Monopoly of the Soil , ' * the juggle of "Content , " and " Coming Events ; " together with Poetry to match make up a pennyworth of truth which Statesmen would do " well to digest , and which all true democrats will do well to circulate to the utmost of then : power ;
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SUNSHINE AND SHADOW ; A . TALE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY . Bt THOMAS MARTIN WHEELEB , ate Secretary to the National Charter Association and National Land Company . Chapter X . "What if they failed ? ' 'Twere glory e ' en to dare The proud achievement . Tens or millions brood O ' er numan life m one penurious mood Of paltry thought , and miserable care ; Then Bhall not these the palm of triumph wear , A guiltless wreath by slaughter unimbrucd ; For not by their own minds were they subdued , But by the banded Dowers of * ' * .
This was a fresh era in the life of Arthur Morton , one of those cycles of events on which the whole web of after-life seems to hang ; the mute lyre of his eoul had been touched by the finger of popular emotion , and gave forth sweet and sonorous music , of the possession of which it had hitherto been unconscious ; but the lyre once touched , its vibrations ceased not until the fragile instrument was destroyed . In the exciting scenes that took place during the few days of the Convention ' s sitting in Birmingham , Arthur was a prominent actor ; the irritating interference of a body of police , sent from London to preserve the peace , was the immediate cause of its being broken , and in the riots that ensued they would have speedily met their fate , had they not
been sheltered by the military . Arthur deeply regretted these transactions : enthusiast as ho was , he would have shed his blood cheerfully in any struggle , however hopeless , which might possibly result in achieving the emancipation of the masses ; but he was aware that mere sectional rioting would tend only to dispirit the friends , and exasperate the enemies of the movement ; it was , therefore , with fellings of pain that he gazed on that grand and exciting spectacle in the Bull-ring , when the pent-up passions of the mass burst forth like a volcano ' s lava , scattering flames and destruction around . The leaders of the Democratic movement are decried by their opponents as destructives , and incendiariesmen delighting in anarchy and confusion .
Despicable falsehood ! were it so , courage and opportunities have not been wanting , aud JBngland ' s mammoth cities might have been the funeral pyres of their oppressors , and blazing beacons of a world ' s warning against man's injustice to his brother man . Ilad the leaders of the people that night been the firebrands they are denominated , a new Birmingham must , Phrenix-like , have arisen from the ashes of the present one ; but they , in common with the generality of Britons , have a respect for property , and a love of order , carried even "to the extreme . Little , however , does this avail them ; their motives must be impugned , and their characters maligned , in order that the thoughtless and the inert—the mass of the people—may be deluded and imposed
upon , under the specious pica of the rights of private property , and the reign of public order . The events that followed are matters of history , but of history that has to be re-written , to clear it of prejudice and calumny . Time , the great arbiter , will do all parties justice—more is needed not . The Convention , ushered into existence amid the sunshine of unity and hope , dissolved away amid shadow and gloom ; many of its members were arrested , and the remainder , with few exceptions , dispersed or in exile ; nor were the men of Birmingham suffered to go scathless—imprisonment and transportation was the lot of too many of her sons . Honest and truehearted , they fell victims to the misguided enthusiasm of the moment . A tear to their woes , and
a speedy termination to their exile ! Had theirs been an impartial jury of their peers , they would have returned a verdict of " Temporary insanity , brought 011 by excess of zeal in a good cause . " Arthur Morton , deprecating this rioting , and taking no part in the firing of the houses in the Bull-Ring , had nevertheless become a marked man ; he had displayed abilities too great to be suffered to go at large , whilst any plausible pretext could be found for ridding the country of him ; he was , accordingly , one evening shortly after these events , arrested by Catchem and Holdem , two of the London police , and on inquiring the charge , was informed—" Arson . " Arthur had seen enough of life to know
that innocence was no protection in a court of justice when the political prejudices of a jury were appealed to , his resolution was therefore taken and acted upon at once . While the policemen were searching hie papers and effects , he was descending the stairs to the street , with one of his captors in front and the other behind ; he stooped suddenly down , seized the foremost by the legs , threw him headlong , jumped over his prostrate body , and succeeded m gaining tke street before the hindmost officer could disengage himself from his companion , who , partially stunned by his fall , but having a dim consciousness of his duty , seized him by mistake for our hero . In vain did Catchem endeavour to convince Holdem that he had got the wrong man by
the gripe ; Holdem held convulsively to his log , and it was only by a violent effort that Catchem tore himself from his grasp . Swiftly sped Arthur along the dark and narrow street , he has turned the corner , and no sound of pursuit falls on his ear ; he slackens his pace to collect his scattered thoughts , but before he can arrange any plan of escape the shouts of his pursuers burst on his eardarkness favours him , they see him not , but have traced him by the sound of his footsteps . Onward he flies , —now he emerges from the quiet streets , adjacent to his home , into New-street , and , walking quietly , along , is lost to his pursuers amid the passengers that throng the street . In sooth to aay , Catchem , in doubt as to the state of
Ms brother officer , did not make . any . strenuous effort to continue the pursuit ; feeling confident of a reward being offered , he rejoined his comrade , whom he found recovered from his insensibility . Holdem , whilst venting imprecations upon the prisoner ' s escape , laughed heartily at his own erroneous seizure- they then ascertained the route taken by Arthur , and suspended further active operations until a reward should enhance the value of their prey . Meanwhile Arthur , finding himself safe , lastened ' to the suburbs , and succeeded m reaching Wolvcrhampton in safety ; he paused at the entrance of the town , thinking the lateness of the hour he
mi"ht cause suspicion , but anxiety to place t greatest possible distance between himself and his Wsuers hurried him on , and during the whole night he tarried not , but . pursued the northern road until he reached Stafford ; here , pleading illness , he engaged a bed at a small public-house , and after narta king of tea , retired to the sleeping apartment and soon sunk into slumber ; but sleep did not lon « exert its influence over him ; the mmd , perplexed and wearied , -would not allow the body to repose ; iis was indeed a dangerous position , —with but a ew 8 hUun ? sinhis pocket—without change of raiment—destitute of even political friends , save those inBirmipgham , with whom it was now dangerous to
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correspond , he knew' iibt what 1 ; coursci ' to take " or where to proceed V with" the natural instinct of courage he meditated upon returning to Birmingham , and meeting the -unjust accusation , but reflection told him that it would be useless so to sacrifice himself , and that his flight would be looked upon as a strong conBrmation of hia guilt , After revolving over various plans he at length decided upon travelling to Liverpool , and from thence writing to an acquaintance in Birmingham to turn the few things his savings had allowed him to purchase into money , trusting with the proceeds to reach America ; - that
rehlge lor . the world ' s criminals and the world ' s unfortunates , receiving daily , the ., very ; refuse of Europe , —all who are discontented—all who are in debt—those who ' cannot , arid who will not obey the laws of their native land—mingled with a few of its noblest spirits . Yet by virtue of thy Republican institutions purifying and refining those discordant elements , uniting alfin the bonds of citizenship / and setting an example of order , economy ; and prosperity to the nations of the Old World , an example which , sooner or later , they will be compelled to follow . ¦ , f
In safety did Arthur reach Liverpool , and from thence communicated with his friend at Birmingham . Day after day passed in suspense , during which time Arthur kept himself almost a prisoner in his room . _ One evening he ventured as far as the residence of Walter North , which he had ascertained from his landlad y ; half tempted was he to knock and see what reception he should meet from his old schoolfellow , but prudence bade him desist . He was a fugitive flying from the terrors of the law—his quondam friend was rich and prosperous , and seldom do fortune ' s favourites protect : the felon or the outcast , go he sought again his quiet lodging , though ho gazed long and wistfully at the splendid mansion he had left , and well was it for Arthur that
he entered not that mansion . Walter North , a Whig economist in politics , and a bitter reviler of the vulgar Chartists , would have thought it his duty—that excuse for every mean and vile act-Walter would have thought it his duty to his country to sacrifice private friendship on the altar of public good , and . would have gained golden opinions with his party for the supposed violation done to his feelings , and Arthur would have been consigned to the grasp of the" law . Our hero was beginning to despair of an answer from Birmingham , when happily it arrived , containing a £ 10 note , partly the
result ofxhe sale of his watch and few clothes , and partly a subscription fr « m the few who were trusted with the circumstances . Arthur deeply appreciated the kindness of his friend ; it would enable him to procure a few necessaries for the voyage in addition to the payment of his passage , and a tew days saw him safe on board the Camden , a fine American ship , sailing away from the land of his birth , the land that ho would have died to benefit , but which met his devotion with persecution , and would have sentenced him to a felon ' s fate in her Australian world , had he not prevented it by self-exile . Such is the world and the world ' s justice ! ( To be continued . )
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LOUIS BLANC TO ARMAND BARBES . ( From No . 1 of the Democratic Review , June , 1849 . ) " My Dear Barbes , —Most generous of friends , " and best of men ! Again , then , ; you are cast into prison , in the name of that Republic which your unconquerable soul , thirsting for justice , has so valiantly served ! Alas ! where is the Republican ( worthy the name ) who does not feel his heart swell with grief at the thought of all you are again to endure after suffering so much ? " I will not speak here of the Court at Bourges ; it has condemnedyou for the 15 th of May , In the eyes of the royalists your crime is your whole life . " Because you have , disdainfuly passed by their lying oracles , and their idols of clay ; because , in your generous spiritualism , you , unlike the gloomy philosopher , refused to believe that millions of human beings must be sacrificed to the prosperity of a few , even as millions of acorns are sacrificed for the splendour of the oak ; because ,, saying with Pascal , tbat" humanity is a man who lives for ever , and learns unceasingly ! " you have believed in the dogma of the homogeneousness of human existence and cares ; because you have fervently held the sublime faith that truth and justice alone are immortal , that injustice is unstable , that ignorance and falsehood may be dethroned , misery destroyed , and evil overcome ; because , for the sake of the people whom you love , and for whom you demand the right of happiness , as well as to the Sun ' s light , you have offered up a sacrifice , your youth , your fortune , your liberty ,
and your life ; and , Christian amidst a heathen society , have shown yourself a true' disciple of Jesus our Master—therefore have they cursed you , therefore are you condemned . " But , Heaven be thanked , men destined to a great mission are created with the qualities necessary for its fulfilment . God in assigning to you the sacred role of devotedness , has given you constancy , serenity , and strength . He has placed within you a principle of enthusiasm too exalted to be chilled by our enemies . To shako you by calumny—to humiliate you by inflicting upon you the penalty of thieves and assassins—to irritate or even to distress you by threats of the galleys and the executioner—this has
been beyond their power . How superior are you to those who oppress you—you , whom they can kill , but can never dismay ! " When dragged before the tribunal of Paris , in June , 1839 , your attitude was the same that it has been before this court ; your answer to your interrngaters was this : — ' When the Indian is conquered and the chances of war have thrown him into the hands of his enemy ; he seeks not to defend himself , he utters no useless words , he submits , and offers his head to the scalping-knife . ' And when , the next day , Monsieur Pasquier did . not blush to say that you were right in comparing yourself to a savage , you answered him— ' The worst savage is not he who offers his head to the knife , but he who uses it . '
" At mid-day , on the 13 th of June , 3 , 000 Students assembled on the _ Place Venclome , and took the way to the Chancellciie . They proceeded gravely , bareheaded , and in silence , with the manner and bearing of a solemn funeral . It was for y < . u , my dear Barbes , that they came—for you had been condemned to death . Never had Paris presented such n spectacle of consternation . The workshops were abandoned , the suburbs deserted , the public squares -wl streets were silent—the people were sunk in the deepest grief . " You , meanwhile , on the eve of ascending the scaffold , were in thought only with your friends , with your party , with France !
" But as noble examples were still needed , as the people had not yet been sufficiently benefitted by your sufferings , —death was not for you—a commutation of your sentence was granted to mourning Paris ; the Monarchial dungeons still enclosed you ; and afterwards , in the very palace of the . Luxembourg , whertin you were condemned , and from which your judges had since been driven by an avenging Providence , it was granted to Albert and me : to receive you ; your countenance changed by ten years of suffering , but the lustre sti' -l on your forehead and your eye still full of fire amid the acclamations of the triumphant people .
" The sun of those great days will shine again . Ay , let our enemies give the nameof madness to your enlightened magnanimity ; injustice , oppression , falsehood , and evil—these are the true madness . And they would have already discovered this , were it possible for madness to recognize itself ; for what wretchedness can compare to thein , who have with them but the army , * and against them their conscience . Are they not incontinualdiead of the possible outbreaks of poverty ? And amid the phantoms evoked by their terror , is there not one that for ever and ever appears before them , which seeks for bread , and finds but a musket- Is not to-morrow the word of
our hope , the word of their fear ? " That which distinguishes-our age from those which have preceded it , and gives it its historical originality , is the character of strength and universality which now marks doctrines that were formerly only . held bya few thinkers , melancholy philosophers , unrecognised tribunes ,, or sects rapidly etifled , like the first Christians—the only true Christians ! The thinker , the philosopher , the tribune , who , in the present day , represents the imperishable tradition of raternal equality , is named , in France—the People ! To contain it , prisons arenow too narrow . Our triumph is certain . ;
"Oh , my dear Barbes ! did you but know how loubly sweet and precious this conviction is rendered by the affection I feel for . you ! I know that your Faith , professed in youi 1 sublime speech before the tribunal at Bourses , is to you a source of ineffable consolation , that it is that which raises you so far above the mass of mankind ; that it is that Faith which renders you invincible in suffering ; for God has fashioned you of the nature of heroes , of the nature of martyrs , and I know your heart . ' ' ' ' ' " Lotus TVrATJfi . "
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* Since the above letter was written the elections have shown the army to be not on the side of " our enemies . " By their votes the French soldiers have declared themselves on the side of Barbes ,. Louis Blanc , and the Proletarians . E » . D . H .
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Prince . AiBERTK . Stiunge . —In . the Vice-Chancellor ' s Court ; on Friday ; this case came to a conclusion . ' The Solicicitor-General stated , that the advisers of her Majesty and the Prince felt it consistent with their duty to take a decree against Mr . Strange without asking any costs ; against him , because he : might have . been misled by the statements or misrepresentations made to him . Mr . StrangeV counsel immediately ; acceded ; acknowedging : the liberality of this course , which relieved their client from the imputation that had rested on him . So" the decree for a perpetual injunction was taken ' withoutcbBfs . Newport has been deluged with wretched Irish brought by sea . One vessel brought forty more passengers than the number allowed by its licence ; and the Mayor has fined the master £ 200 .
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: STRATFORD PETTY ' SESSIONS ... . . . Monday . —Sacrilege at East Ham Church . — Barnard Cook-was charged with having broken open the parisli church of East Ham , Essex , and stealing therefrom sundry articles . It appeared , frpm the evidence , that about seven o ' clock , on Thursday evening last , the prisoner was seen loitering about East Ham Church , and in the course of an hour afterwards , as Mr . Martin , a tradesman residing in the parish , was walking near the edifice , the prisoner suddenly jumped from one of the church windows , with a bundle in his arins . The prisoner made off as fast as he was able , but was followed by Mr . Martin , who pursued him for a considerable distance . At length a Mr .. Mat £ hews , joined in the chaso , and followed the prisoner
for nearly an hour over ditches and hedges . After travelling several miles , the prisoner gave signs of exhaustion , and plunged into a water-course : he swam across , and was in the act of stepping upon dry . ground , when Mr , Matthew captured him . The chase had extended over a distance of nearly ten miles . The prisoner was handed over to the police and handcuffed . ^ On their way to Ilford gaol , the' prisoner succeeded in slipping his handcuffs , and he immediately darted off . Two farmers , who happened to be riding on horseback ^ and witnessed the occurrence , went in pursuit of the prisoner , and with the assistance of a mounted policeman whoafterwardscameup , he was conveyed safely to Ilford Gaol . On examining the church ,
Sergeant Collier discovered the carpet of the vestryroom rolled up , ready to . be carried off ; and a quantity of the church books , and other property , were packed up , in order to be removed . ' Several books and important documents relating to the church were found to be missing . —Mr . Anderson , the governor of Ilford Gaol , stated that on searching the prisoners , two duplicates were found upon him , one of which related to a watch which had been stolen from the house of a lady named- Battle , at Barking , and pledged in ¦ ffhitechapel . Two men' stand remanded for having burglariously entered the house of Miss Battle , and stealing the watch . —The prisoner made no defence , and Mr . Cottcn committed him for trial for robbing the church , but remanded him upon suspicion of being concerned in the alleged burglary .
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^ Hosiery and Lace Trades . —The strike of the wrought cotton hose hands still continues ; all parties seem as determined as ever . The harvest , however , is at hand , the state of Ireland will prevent the usual number of harvest men coming , and if the hosiers drive the contest a few weeks longer their cause will be hopeless . After some long and heavy skirmishes the draweiypantaloon , shirt , and piece hands have got a cessation to most of their disputes . Many of the Nottingham emigrant stockingers are returning ; more than twenty arrived by one train from Liverpool a few days since . The bobbin net trade has not further receded this week ; the manufacture of silk is rapidly increasing . The Ecole du Tissus , of Lyons , has given a great impetus
to the silk bobbin net trade , but the Erench machines work up a very superior quality of silk , the lace being equally as strong , but very little more than half the weight ; the silk is specially thrown for the manufacture of bobbin-net . We have seen several lace hands who have been recently in Lyons , but they seem to have no notion of obtaining foreign methods of making lace or hosiery . The -exportation of machinery to France has again commenced , principally for Paris : several attempts have been made to establish the bobbin-net trade in that city , but they have hitherto failed . The warp lace trade is yet much depressed , but there is a shade of improvement , and some activity in making window curtains , and lace to serve as frieze . Many
excellent articles are made from the warp frame , especially for gloves , the plated warp fahrics are deficient in the quantity of sflk ; this destroyed the English twilled trade , as well as the royal ribbed hose branch , which once filled Nottingham with riches . — Nottingham Journal . Hors . —The total number of acres [ of land under hop cultivation in 1843 was 43 , 156 ; 1844 , 44 , 485 ; 1845 , 48 , 058 ; average of the three years , 45 , 233 . In 1846 , 51 , 948 ; 1847 , 52 , 327 ; 1848 , 49 , 232 ; average of the three years , 51 , 169 . The average quantity of hops charged with duty in the three years , 1846-48 , amounted to 40 , 427 , 435 lbs . ; and in the three years , 1843-45 , to 30 , 040 , 855 lbs . The total nuantitv so chnvsed . in the three years endintr 1845 .
was 90 , 122 , 5761 bs ., andin the three years ending 1 S 4 S I 40 , 182 , 3751 bs ., being an increase in growth of 55 per cent ., and an increase in average of 13 per cent . The quantity of British hops exported in the three years ending 1845 was 597 , 7681 bs ; and in the three ye » rs ending 1 S 48 , l , 262 , 5871 bs . The average quantity exported , 428 , 8621 bs . The quantity of foreign hops retained for home consumption amounted in the three years , 184 G-48 , to 409 , 0581 bs . A fortunate PonciiASE . —Some time since a brig , at present called the Carleton , was put up for public sale at the London Dock , and was purchased by Mr . Scott , a chain lighterman , residing at Wappinsr , for the sum of £ 750 . After undergoing
considerable repairs at the New Crane Wharf , Wapping , the vessel put to sea under Captain Bacon , who had become part owner . After leaving port ii was found necessary to put in at Hartlepool , where , ¦ whilst the vessel was iindergoing some repairs at the interior part of the bulkhead , 16 , 000 Spanish dollars wore found secreted in a place purposely hollowed out for the reception of the precious deposit . The d ollars , as our reporter was informed , are of an old mintage , and very pure silver . When or by whom the treasure was deposited , it is impossible to guess ; but , at all events , Captain Bacon has reason to congratulate himself on the successful result of his Hist short voyage in the Carleton . The vessel , it is said , was originally engaged in the slave trade off the coast of Guinea , and the treasure so curiously discovered was probably the ill-gotten gains of some of the heartless wretches engaged in that abomniable traffic .
How the Working Classes Lodge . —A curious fact , and ono worthy the attention of the sanitory reformer , came out before the borough magistrates on Thursday week during the examination ofllolloway on the charge of killing his child . The house in which the man lodged , contains six rooms , which are occupied by no less than five families , and there is a small cottage in the yard occupied by another family . One of the witnesses , in answer to tnc mayor , named the weekly sums paid by each of the lodgers for rent , from which it appeared that the landlord realised about £ 26 per year from thus lotting out his rooms , besides living himself rent free . The house is rated at about £ 9 , and the houses in the same street ( which however , generally contain one or two rooms less ) average £ 10 per year for rent . In answer to a question by the mayor , Mr . Dusautoy said that , in the course of his professional duties , he found many such cases of a iamiJy allotted to each room in a house . —Hants Independent .
The atmospheric tubes are being removed from the South Devon line , preparatory to their bsiag broken up and sold for old iron , after having cost the shareholders upwards of half a rail lion . ^ A French innkeeper lms opened an hotel and restaurant in the ruins of Pompeii , close to the barracks formerly inhabited by the Roman soldiers . " Ma , that nice young man , Mr . Sauftung ; , is very fond of kissing . " "Almd your seam , Julia ; ¦ who told you such nonsense ?" * ' Ma , dear , I had it from his own lips !"
"It ' s very well , " said Mr . Dobb's helpmate , " for the moral papers to keep saying , don ' t get in a passion ; but for my part , when Air . D . goos to bed with his muddy boots on , I kind of bile over i " 'The Philadelphia Galaxy says , an artist in th . it city painted a cow and cabbage so naturally , that he was obliged to separate them before they were finished . A Searching Wind . —A writer in the Louisville Journal , describing the effects of a tornado at " Big Spring , " gravely states that "this morningfowls ot every kind are lying scattered over the fields , entirely stripped of their feathers . " The Briiakkia Biwdgb , —On or about the 20 th of June is the period spoken of as a probable time when the floating of the tube may be expected to come off .
W . II . MucnEi , brother of tl > o Irish exile , John Mitchel , has been appointed a clerk in the Home Department at Washington , U . S . . Painters should not Suck their Pencils . —The post mortem examination of a young artist named A . F , West , who died lately , revealed enough to induce the jury to return a verdict , " That the deceased died from the effects of carbonate of lead . " It appeared that , he was in the habit of drawing his brushes through his lips .
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To Pkesehve the Teeth . — When the natural enamel is destroyed , an artificial enamel should be supplied , which , being put into the cavity in a soft state , soon becomes hard , and shields the sensitive structures beneath from various causes of irritation . This is the true cure for tooth-ache . Brande ' s Enamel has already given relief to thousands . . One can scarcely make inquiry in any direction . without learning of those who have been permanently cured by it . Atmosphewc Changes . —Although changes in the temperature are more prevalent in the temperato zone than in other latitudes , there is scarcely a spot to be found where such great differences oxigt ag in Great Britain , ; vaiyiug in a few hours some twenty degrees or more . Tho effect of such rapid changes on the bodily , health is very afflicting to many thousands of persons , especially those-in the middle or move advanced ages of life ,, causing attacks of those painful disorders , Sciatica , Gout , and Rheumatism . Hapnily for those' who are afflicted with those painful diseases , chemical science has produced that excellent medicine , Blair ' s Gout and Rheumatic Pills . .. ; . . . -. ;
Any Bilioos Comm-aists , . Indigestion , Platolesct , . oa Affections o f the Liver , cured by Holloway ' s Tills . —Symp . tonis indicative of these disorders are a fueling of nausea , distention nnd spasmodic pain in the stomach , sense of oppression and . sinking after eating , want-of appetite , heartburn , languor , dejection of spirits , and general debility . Holloway ' s pills possess-such cleansing : and renovating properties that , by their means , , the action of the liver is speedily corrected , the redundancy of bile carried off , the stomach strengthened , the spirits revived , and the patient by their means is thus restored to perfect health even where every other treatment had failed .
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The ! s ew York papers report the death of tho American actor Cooper , —who had been lor many years in retirement from his professional labours . in early hfe jit . . Cooper was a pupil of the pliiiosoplneal novelist , Godwin . m manuscr i pt of Robinson Crusoe p : \ sscd through the whole circle of the trade before it could find a purchaser . When at length accepted , the sale was so immediate and rapij thru no lcs . s than four editions wero published in iis many months . ¦ ¦ The Hungarian army is almost ciitiivlv clothed in English cloth , and armed with English nmsl-ets It . is proposed to lay down an eluetvic telegraph in the river Thames to communicate with a coast-line .
: A Poetical Cobmjspoxb&vt . —Who is ( ho eccentric individual who , under the title of "ilusticus " sends us so melancholy a lament over Jiis stolen unmentionables ? It is very moving , bat ,, vm regret to say , that , in our regard for the delimits feelings of our readers generally we cannot give if publication . We merely append the following -: > . a J 4 la . it specimen of the whole : " With heaving sigh , And moistening eye ,
Upon that void I sadly gazed ; With burning words , The sky towards , My aching head I fiercely raised : Aud then I cursed the cruel wrotciies , Who sought my home with objects bad , And stole the only pair 1 lmti , My darling pair of buckskin . " ¦ That , we think will , do . We shall be very happy never to hear from our Correspondent in that style again . —Province of Jfuiister .
ASIMAL FORMS OF GOVERNMENT . The association of leavers presents us with a model of Republicanism . ¦ The Bees live under a Monarchy . The Indian Antelopes furnish , " an example of a patriarchal government . Elephants exhibit an aristocracy of elders . WiW horses are said to elect theii leader . ' Sheep , in a wild state , are under the eontvol of a military chief ram . . The extent of the debts of the Countess of Blessington , who is gone to Paris , may be judgod by her owing two milliners upwards of £ 8 , 000 . A general order lias directed that all recruits for the army are daily to attend tho garrison or regimental school , and are to bo subjected to a charge . of 4 d . per month for the instruction they receive .
Snobs . —The mechanic who is ashamed of liia apron , or the farmer who is ashamed of Jiis irock , is himself a shame to his profession . The people do not appeal to arms anleas driven , to it ; not one drop of blood shed in the drama of ' 49 , stains the soul of the people ; it is on tho heads of those who goaded them to madness .
CURIOUS FACTS . Bees are geometricians—the cells are so con « structed as , with the least quantity of material , to have the largest sized spaces and least possible loss of interstice . . So also is the Ant Lyon—his funnel-shaped trap is exactly correct in its conformation , as if it had been made by the most skilful artist of our species , with the aid , of the best instruments . The mole is a meteorologist . The bird called the Nine Killer , is an arithmetician ; so also is the Crow , tho AVild Turkey , and some other birds . The Torpedo , the Bay , and the Electric EeJ , are electricians . _ The Nautilus is a navigator . He raises ami lowers his sails ' , casts and weighs anchor , and performs other nautical evolutions . Whole tribes of birds are musicians .
The Beaver is an architect , builder and wood cutter . He cuts down trees , and erects houses and dams . The Marmot is a civil engineer , lie noi ; only builds houses , but constructs aqueducts , aud drains to keep them dry . The White Ants maintain a regular army of soldiers . The East Indian Ants are horticulturists ; they make mushrooms , upon which they feed their young . Wasps are paper manufacturers . Caterpillars are silk spinners . The bird Ploceus Textor is a weaver . Ho weaves a web to make his nest . The Primia is a tailor . Ho sews the loaves together to make his nest . The Squirrel is a ferryman . With a chip or piece of bark for a boat , and his tail for a sail , ho crosses a stream ,
Dogs , Wolves , Jackals , and many others are hunters . The Black Bear and the neron arc fishermen , The Ants have regular day labourers . The Monkey is a rope-dancer . Maltuusian . Horrors . —Tho " marrying season in England" is in the last quarter of the year , which " follows harvest and includes Christmas . " In the first quarter of last year there were but 28 , 303 marriages solemnised , whereas in the last quarter there were 41 , 972 . As regards tho general
statistics , ltmay bo said that transactions of tins kind were very slack in 1842 , that they made a sudden advance in 1843 , and continued to improve ti'l the spring of 1 S 4 C , when they suffered a little decline ,, and at length , in the revolutionary winter of 181-7-8 , almost stood still , a little recovery being observable only in the last quarter of 1848 . Candid—Vkiiy!— " Gentlemen , " said Mr . Anthony Henley-to his constituents at Weymouth ,. " you know what I know very well—that I bought you ; and I know what you very well know—that I shall sell you . "
Tnu Infamous ¦" Times . —" Invent printing , says Carlisle , " and democracy is inevitable ; " yes , and a people ' s press shall secure its speedy triumph . When our monthly press condescends to usher us into the presence of tho " great , " (?) in the chamber of luxury ) it is that we may go dotra on our knees and plead for charity ! bah ! do us justice ; we want not charity . Judge what our brothers abroad must think of us if they read our dstily press , how they must loathe us for servile things , if they see tho Times . This beastly panderer to crowned assassins pollutes the English name every time it ia inserted in its pajres . Windischgratz , Jtadotski ,
and Filangicri , those crimsoned worshippers of wnr , have slain the patriots , and crushed the life iVom the heart of empires ; but tho Times has fou-tht the battles of kin » craft and absolutism more strenuously and more cruelly with the pen , than these tyrants ' ) utchers have with the sword ! He they tlovils incarnate , at least they did their work outright , by killing their victims ; but the dastard Tir . w would have men to live , but live on in slavery , thus wounding the image of God in the apple of the eye . It lias boon proposed to burn tho Times puhiirly , iiud the sooner this cancer is cut from the bosom of England the better . "
Some idea may be formed of the extent ol ' fhc London bookbinding trade in the nineteenth century , when wo state that tho weekly consumption of leaf gold , enriching tho exterior of books , amounts to about 3 , 000 , 000 square inches : and that the weight of paper shavings sold annually by tho London binders , cut off the edges of books , amounts to 350 tons ! Atrocious . Conspiracy !—As revolution is the order of the day , in this Messed year of forty-nine , and _ as the command seems to bo " push on , " it mattering little whether we go a-liead or a-baolc , to this side or that , provided we only " go , " we are prepared to believe in almost any change , without wondering . But . scarcely any , wo think , counted on the change that some daring spirits , iu the
metropolis of England , have evidently conspired to effect in the English tongue—a total and immediate revolution . Here is a blow to Conservatism ! You may talk of phonetics and sneer , but phonetics never contem p lated anything like this . We have often read of flexible organs , fine talents , depth and breadth of chorus , and what not besides , but here ' s apieceof masical criticism , from a London paper , that is a miracle in its . way . —" Throughout the choruses were admirable ; the fugue points everywhere seized with promptitude ; and the crcscexdos , pianos , and fortes achieved with the utmost rcirard to light and shadow !! " It was more twaddle after . all of the Avon Swan to tell us that the only men for "treason , stratagems , and plots , " were thosewho had . " no music in their souls ; " for 2 : ore is a musical conspiracy against tho mother tongue , most melodious treason Jigainst common sense ! Wes
shall expect soon to hear of the counterpoint of colours , and the back ground of pictures being jouched olf with due attention to chords and octaves . A colonnade with fine soprano tracery , and contralto capitals , and basso pediments , will be an every day object , and a forte statue , with an excellent obhgato drapery , and a good tenor attitude will be the rage among the future vertuosi . The musical world has already been startled with the announcement of the " respectable proprietary of a bass organ , " ( voice , not barrel ) , so it may in future be prepared to hear of wealthy owners in fee of an unincumbered counter-tenor , sturdy tenants of a treble , and good solvent leaseholders of a broad buffo . —S . Reporter . 1 . " ... ' . The young Jadies in America never wear rights and lefts , because they are so modest ' about the men , that they do not wish even tbeir show to be fellows .
An American correspondent of Le Popuiaire- asserts that the Mormons , by the extraordinary ardour of their proselytism ; are making rapid , unceasing , and considerable progress . ¦' : " . Your whiskers remind ^" me-very much of old General-Taylor , " , said a gentleman the other ( lav , to a young fop who' was . cultivating a " very unpromising and . sandy crop of Hair , on his faco . . " Why so ? " eagerly asked the" ambitious youngster , with , a gratified tone and air . ' "Because they are rough s and reddy , " was the reply .
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JTJNE 9 , 1849 . - — ^^ _ ¦ THE NaRTlWrKTARo Hr -. ^^ , ^ — . _ . ^^ . . . ¦ .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), June 9, 1849, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1525/page/3/
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