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Northern Star (1837-1852), 28th April 1849, Edition 1 of 3, Page 7, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      ing , however , that he was deceived in this hope , and that he could not impose on them a doubt of his guilt , he became dissatisfied with them , also , and his last interview with them , as-will be seen , terminated in a violent" altercation . The chaplain , -who had determined to refuse to him the sacrament wliile he remained impenitent and without confession , was apprehensive that he would request to have it administered on the day of his execution . lie , however , expressed no such wish , but about five minutes before he left the chapel to be pinioned he said he tad hoped that it had been the intention of Mr . Black and Mr . Andrews to receive the sacrament -with him . The chaplain came to him about halfpast eight o ' clock this morning , and he seemed glad to join in devotion , but whenever hie' guilt was asing , however , that he was deceived in this hone , ami

      sumed , and confession and repentance were urged on him , his constant reply was , " God knows my heart ; He is my judge , and you have prejudged me . " Last night at nine o ' clock Mr . Finson went to speak to Hush relative to a letter sent to him by his eldest daughter , expressed , it is said , in a very proper and feeling manner . Mr . Piuson had two doors to unlock close to the bedside of the prisoner before he could approach him , yet Rush professed to hare been in a profound sleep when awakened by him . He had not retired to rest more than an half hour previously , and Mr . Pinson was perfectly satisfied that he could not have been asleep as he pretended . He kept his bed till 11 or 12 o ' clock , and told the turnkeys in attendance on him that he haa had a beautiful sleep , yet no five minutes in the

      interval had passed that his eyes were not wide open and fixed on theirs . About two o ' clock becoming very restless , he got up and commenced reading a religious book , passages of which he interlined , expressing at the same time a wish that the book might be given to his family . Thus two or three hours of the short time remaining to him passed away . He then got into bed again , but could not rest , and was up and down constantly nntil the chaplain came to him . For breakfast lie requested that a little thin gruel might be given to him . He was then engaged in reading till after ten o ' clock , when he went to the chapel and heard service performed with the other prisoners . This lasted till twenty minutes to twelve o ' clock , and at its close he waa left with the chaplain and Mr . Andrews .

      They again solemnly urged upon him the duties of repentance and confession , but he became much irritated , repeated his innocence , and said that the real criminal would be known iu two years . He was proceeding to quarrel violently with them , when Mr . Pinson entered the chapel and removed him . Mr . Pinson states , as a further illustration of the prisoner ' s state of mind , that he hardly ever visited him without his saying " Thank God Almighty , all is right . " At one of the interviews with his family at which he was present Rush asked whether the Queen would be in a hurry to hang him , and upon ia ' ng expostulated with for using such an expre ? sion , added , " I am all ready for that . You cannot suppose that having prepared my defence , 1 am not ready in that respect . Thank God Almighty , I am quite prepared to die . " ^ Nothing in his conduct is more remarkable than the reliance which he placed upon his defence of himself , his confidence in his

      power to convince others of his innocence , and his anger at hearing that the world was unanimous in thinking him guilty . On leaving the chapel he went into the prison yard and washed his face and hands and the back of his neck with cold water at the pump . From the prison yard he was conducted to the room of one of the turnkeys , where Calcraft , the executioner , was waiting to receive mm . On observing him , Rush said , " Is that the man who is to perform this duty 1 " To which Mr . Pinson replied that it was . Calcraft then desired him to sit down , which he did , and the operation of pinioninn- commenced . The prisoner , who appeared perfectly calm and collected , said with a shrug , " This don't go easy , I don ' t want the cord to hurt me . " His request was complied with , and the rope was moved a little to give him relief . He then said that lie was comfortable , and the sad procession having been formed , he was conducted to his doom .

      These details will furnish some idea of-what had taken place within the Castle previous to the moment of execution , and of the frame of mind in which the wretched being was when about to be referred from the justice of man to the awful presence of his Maker . It is now necessary to give some description of the preparations which had been made for rendering the execution of such a criminal as solemn and impressive as possible , for this purpose the situation of Norwich Castle and the style of its architecture are strikingly adapted . It is a fine massive structure , the principal feature of which is an immense square tower , supported by buttresses , between the intervals of which a profusion of small blind arches are pannellcd . Prom this tower extends on each side a low battlemented wall ,

      within which the prison is placed . It stands on a hill or mound which forms the highest ground in Norwich , and has a commanding \ iew of the city with its cathedral and numerous churches , and also « f the surrounding country . The strong gray walls are surrounded by a spacious terrace , beneath which is the moat , and beyond that again an iron railing . The principal approach is from the market place , and is about one hundred yards in length , the centre being formed by a bridge over the moat . On this bridge the drop was erected , and so situate , had , as mayite imagined , a very striking effect . This waa heightened by an immense black flag , which was suspended over the entrance to the Castle , and which , as it surged slowly in the wind , was well calculated to solemnise the minds of the spectators .

      Although it was market-day , there was no great collection of people on the fatal scene until the hour of execution'had almost arrived . Themorningwas cold , dismal , and cheerless , and the few groups collected onthe hill were principally fanners ) attracted there as much by business as curiosity . They eyed , at a respectful distance , the dreadful apparatus of death , and in little knots , with bated breath , talked over the fete of the wretched man , whom many of them had no doubt known and bargained with , and whose occupation in life was similar to their own . AS the day advanced , the sun shone out , and the inhabitants of the city came up in greater numbers to tlie spot . Shortly before twelve o'clock the number of spectators received a great accession . The trains from Yarmouth and other places came in loaded

      ¦ with passengers , and the population of the whole surrounding country poured towards the spot . There might have been 12 , 000 or 13 , 000 people present—a large number , certainly , to be attracted by curiosity and the love of excitement to a spectacle so painful as a public execution . Among them , &s is usual upon such occasions , were a large number of women and boys , eagerly looking for the appearance of the prisoner , and passing the interval much in the same manner as the galleries of our theatres do between the acts on a Snakspere night with Maeready as the star . Some housetops had a few spectators upon them , and we observed a great number of people perched upon the square tower of one of the city churches . The short space between the Castle entrance and the drop was lined on one side

      by the magistrates of the county , and on the other by the representatives of the press . At last the death knell began to toll from the spire of St . Peter ' s Mancroft , and shortly after 12 o ' clock the procession emerged from the Castle , and took its way to the drop . First came the Sheriffs and javelin men , and then followed the convict , attended by the Governor and executioner ; on their way they were met by the chaplain , who read the funeral service with a loud voice . The wretched prisoner moved along with great firmness . He was dressed in black , wore patent leather boots , and had his shirt collar , which was scrupulously clean , turned over . As his head was bare the features of his face could be distinctly marked . They had undergone no perceptible change since hi 3 trial . Perhaps he might have looked

      somewhat paler , but his determined expression bad not changed , and the man was in all respects the same unwavering , resolute being , who for six days Conducted his own defence in a court of justice , though oppressed , not only by the conviction of his enormous guilt , but also by the knowledge that it tad been so clearly brought home to him . His step never faltered , and he regularly marched to his doom . On catching sight of the scaffold he lifted Ms eyes to Heaven , raised as far as he could his pinioned hands , and shook his head mournfully from side to side once or twice . The pantomime was perfect , conveying almost as clearly as words a protest of innocence , combined with resignation to his fate . As be walked along , he asked the governor what the words were with which the burial service

      ended . He was told that it was with the benediction , " The grace of our Lord Jesu 3 Christ , " &c , and he requested that the drop might fall when the chaplain came to those words . The wretched man then mounted the scaffold , but instead of looking to the crowd without turned his face to the Castle walls . Calcraft immediately drew the white nightcap over hb head , and , fastening the fatal rope to the beam , adjusted the noose to lia neck . The unhappy man , even at this dreadful moment , had not lost Ins coolness . " This does not go easy , " he said , put the thing a little highertake your time—don't be in a hurry . " These were his last words . The rope was in tho right placethe drop fell—and in an instant the murderer was dead . So struggles ensued , and the dreadful ceremony was performed as quickly and well as is

      practicable , and with fewer revolting circumstances tnan usual . During the whole time the crowd without maintained a solemn silence , and the only sounds that accompanied the fell of the body , and jerking of the tightened rope , were one or two faint shrieks . After being suspended for one hour it was cut down and carried back to the Cartle on a litter . There a cast was taken from it , after which it was placed m a shell previous to interment within the precincts . At five o'clock the features had undergone so great a change that no one could recognise them . The lair had then been shaved off , and the craniological development might be accurately observed . The appearances presented certainly seemed to justify the -verdict of the jury . Thus perished , while still in the prime of life , James Blomneld Rush , the perpetrator of the Stanfield Hall murders .

      Untitled Article

      TO FEA RGUS O ' CONNOR , M . P . Sir , —I demand insertion for this letter in the ensuing number of your own paper ; and , if you arc not afraid of its appearance , you will comply with that demand . ' ^ You speak of conferring " alms , " and of the " largest recipients invariaoly being your greatest revilers . " You have never " conferred alms" upon me . I have never been one either of the " largest " or least " recipients , " or a recipient , of your money , in any shape ; nor have I been one of your " greatest revilers . " You say " He gave me a bill for £ 2 G 5 s ., which was dishonoured , and has never yet been paid , except in unmitigated abuse . " You know that I never gave you a bill , in my life—either for the sum you mention , or for any other sum ; and you ought not to tell such an untruth . You Know that neither you nor I were narties to the trnnsno . TO PPinriTro , vr . *\ vvnn it t >

      tiontowhich you refer ; and as for " uninitiated abuse , I have never dealt in it , either towards you , or any other person . . You say " The Poet waited upon me , with his child under his arm , and told me that he had waited upon Disraeli , Douglas Jerrold , Dickens , and several other literary characters , in the hope of receiving their assistance to bring out his poem . He told me that they all gave him fair words , but added , with tears in his eyes , that I was his only hope . His tears softened my heart and opened my pocket . I gave him an order upon a printer to print and find paper at my expense , " —and then follows your statement about the bill , —coueluding your account of your own conduct and mine ; but which account I must , if you please , render in to a true version .

      I did not " wait ' npon you with my child under my arm . " Some weeks after my liberation . from Stafford Gaol , my friend and former acquaintance , Mr . M'Gowan , desired me to call upon you . I told him you had used me ill , having denounced me while I lay in prison ; and that , although you had withdrawn some of your charges against me , publicly , — yet you had not withdrawn your untrue charge about my having had your money ; and until you displayed honour enough to do so , I would not call upon you . Mr . M'Cr ; assured me , in return , that you had charged him to request me to call on you , that you were deeply sorry for the misunderstanding between us , that you respected me highly , and that all would be explained , if I would call . Upon

      6 tese assurances , I called on you ; but I had not my poem with me . I came with no idea of showing it to you . You sprang "up , when I intimated that I expected your explanation , and said we would have none—you were glad to see me—and we would be friends again . "We did , however , enter into some explanations ; and though I blamed your want of wisdom in believing the stories of the degraded man who had left the gaol , and who , although an utter stranger to you , and an avowed enemy to Chartism , you had believed , —I acquitted you from the charge of culpability , in a great degree , when you showed me a calumnious letter , signed by persons to whom my conduct had been as kind and open , as theirs was unkind and underhand . I gave you my hand , and therewith my heart . My nature is not vindictive :

      and I should hate myself if it were . You had my attachment again . It might not be worth much ; but I gave it sincerely , —and that without any thought of ever deriving anywordly or pecuniary advantage from you . I sat with you some time , and I at length , told you how I had called upon Mr . Duncombe to thank him for bis kind and persevering attention to my case , in Parliament ; and how he had given me an introduction to Mr . Disraeli .. I then told you of Mr . Disraeli ' s kind reception of me ,. and of his persevering attempts to get a publisher for my " Purgatory' —all of which failed . I did not tell you that I had f waited upon Douglas Jerrold , Dickens , and several other literary characters , in the hope , < fcc . " I had not then seen either Mr . Jerrold or Mr .

      Dickens . This , lam conscious , is simply a mistake , and not an intentional untruth , on your part . You are confounding several conversations in one : I have often known you do this ; but I set it down to you not as a fault , but as the result of multifarious business in confusing your mind . Therein you are only like other men . I did not tell you that only " fair words" were given me by any literary man ; this expression was applied to the fashionable publishers , to whom I had been recommended by Mr . Disraeli . That , again , is merely a slip of memory on your part . I did not " add , with tears in my eyes , that you were my only hope . " I had no hope whatever in you—no expectation " whatever , as it regards my poem . Nor did I shed a single tear in that interview . I was not at all in dolorous mood . A

      reconciliation had taken place with one to whom I had been formerly strongly attached ; and any one who has the least kindness in his constitution can understand that the heart is not much disposed to melancholy at such seasons . Besides , you laughed and cracked your jokes—you told your tales of rich humour ( and none can tell better than yourself)—and you " wrapped yourself round me" ( to use a Lincolnshire phrase ) completely . As for " hope , " it was so far from being extinct with me that I felt the fullest confidence I should yet find a publisher , and that my prison-rhyme would make me remembered in the future , though it might not benefit me much during life . Hope ! who can suppose that , after trampling upon all the difficulties which had surrounded me , I was without hope , now I knew my mind-labour was finished ?

      You pressed me to come and breakfast with you next morning , and to bring my poem with me that you might hear some of it read . I did so ; and now I wept while rending the stanzas in the third book , which refer to my dear mother ; and you wept while listening to them . I took it to be a proof of your right feeling ; and I do not think that either you or I have any need to be ashamed of our weeping together on that occasion . You say that my tears softened your heart . I am glad of it . May the tender influences ever remain with you ! But you add— " and opened my pocket . " I beg your pardon , sir : indeed I bad no such magical influence upon you ; and the " open sesame" would have had little value , if I had possessed the secret—for your

      pocket , as I learnt from your own confession soon after , had little or nothing in it about that time . The following morning I breakfasted with you again , —for you would not be said " Kay ; " and again you sat a long time to hear me read passages m > m my " Purgatory , " Tou frequently exclaimed , ' Equal to Milton ]"— " Sublime ! " and I know not what beside ; and , at the conclusion of that sitting swore ( forgive me , but it is a fact !) that you would pt&lifh ray poem , I jeered at what you said ; for I thought it absurd , at the moment . But you repeated it , with the same orthodox emphasis . I asked you how you would or could publish it ; but you replied it did not matter—you would publish it , and I should see that you would .

      You say "I gave him an order upon a printer to print and find paper at my expense . " You know that is a mis-statement . You never gave me any such order . Mr . M'Gowan told me some days after my third interview with you , that I was to bring my manuscript to him , for that . yoii had given him an order to print it . I sought , you again , and asked you what you meant . You replied that " you would pr int the book and find a publisher for it—you would bring it out—did I suppose you were mocking me ? " You spoke angrily , and as if you were hurt , by my questions ; and I could not doubt your sincerity—so thanked you and withdrew . When about half of the poem was printed , Mr . M'Gowan said to me that I had better call upon you

      again , and remind you it was tune a publisher was found , and that advertisements began to make their appearance , announcing the poem . You said " Good morning , Mr . Milton , " in your jocular -way , as I entered your room ; but your behaviour was utterly changed " when I told you my errand . You told me that / must find a publisher , for you could not ; and as for advertising , you could not advertise the book : it must advertise itself ! I felt so shocked by this answer , that I could only answer you with difficulty ; but I told you you had brought me into a difficulty . You saw I was hurt ; and you immediatelv softened your tone , and said to me with a look of distress that I shall never forget , " Cooper , I have not the monev to do it . I declare , if I could

      afford to pay for the 500 copies and give them away , I would . However , I will undertake to dispose of 200 copies for you , by some means or other . But I have not the money to advertise for you . I deelare to you that I often know what it ia to dine upon ninepence . I often go and get a basin of soup , and have nothing more , because I cannot afford a dinner . " Your words distressed me ; but more on your account than my own . I replied " Mr . O'Connor , I cannot expect you to do what I have asked , under such circumstances ; but I am sorry that you have placed me in such a predicament . " After such a confession from you , I easily understood why Mr . M'Gowan presentedmewith a written memorandum , which he requested me to sign—observing that he had drawn it up by your request , and that you had said Cooper would have no objection to si < m it Bythis paper Mr . M'Gowanand Ibecame the ° contracting parties ; and you were , thencemind from

      forward , excluded , in my , altogether , responsibility . A copy of the document will show that I could have no ether thought , after signing it . I remarked to Mr . M ' Gowan , on signing this document , " You now take my responsibility instead of Mr . O'Connor ' s ; and I am better pleased that it is so M y only doubt remains about finding a publisher to take a printed book : and how is it to be advertised ? " Mr . M'G . replied that Ac could not advertise it , but he would go with me in search of a publisher . We went , ' few days afterwards , to a pubhsher m the Strand , and tried our luck , but found none . Mr . M'G . told me to be of good cheer , for he had no doubt we should succeed somewhere , and we parted . On leaving him , Imet withmyfriend John Cleave , and seeing me look thoughtful , he asked what was the matter with me . I told him of my difficulty ; and he immediatel y offered to <* ive me an introduction to Mr . Jerrold , that I miriitask his aid in getting a publisher . Mr . Jerrold received me like a brother , showed the half " of ffly poem

      Untitled Article

      whlci was printed to Mr . Diciiens ( who afterwards received me in the same fraternal spirit)—and then used his interest with Mr . IIow , who consented to publish my poem , and assured me , with the greatest kindness , that he would undertake the expense of advertising it . Overjoyed , I paid you another visit , told J'OU how Jerrold had revived me , and of the prospects that were opening . I felt no unkindly spirit within me towards you . I considered that you had purposed , at first , to do more than you found you were able to do ; and I respected you for your good purposes . I talked over the whole affair with some who s . iid your only purpose , from the first , had been to damn my book , and who talked very bitterly about you . I did not believe them or regard them . _ ... m . . _ . . . : _ . . .

      They have since joined you again , and become your humble servants . When my poem was brought out , and the nobly generous review of it appeared in the Britannia , 1 told you the news , and you seemed pleased and gratified , and I believed you sincere . But when I asked you about the 200 copies , you said , " ' So ; I only said 100 , " and laughed . I laughed likewise , for I felt sure that such a notice as that in the paper just mentioned , would cause a speedy sale of the first edition ; and so it foil out . You afterwards backed out of your promise altogether , and refused to take even a single copy . Hut I care nothing about that . The publisher , encouraged by the rapid sale of the first few davs , offered to take

      the whole edition , and Mr . M- 'Gowan consented to it . I was discharged by Mr . M'Gowan from my part of the Agreement with him ; and , thenceforth , the whole affair became a matter of business between him and my publisher . The latter paid him his bill of £ 40 19 s . for printing the 500 " copies ; but the bill for the paper Mr . M'Gowan said he could not furnish until he had it , irom your stationers , the Messrs . Venables , by whom the paper had been supplied . Mr . How told me this ; but neither lie nor I had the slightest suspicion that you had anything-to do with it . My Agreement recited that Mr . M'Gowan was to "find paper" for printing the poem upon ; and when , at length , the

      account for the paper ( about £ 15 ) was sent to Mr . How , he considered himself as indebted to Mr . M'Gowan—not to you , for it . Afterwards , Mr ; How having made himself responsible for all demands , agreed to pay for the advertisements in the Star , as well ; and gave Mr . M'Gowan an acceptance , which , it seems , including the cost of paper and advertisements , amounted to £ 26 5 s . Wh » n you first announced -that this acceptance had been dishonoured , I was uneasy about it ; and went to Mr . M'Gowan to tell him , that though I had not received any profits from the salo of the 500 copies , if he would procure me tho returned bill , I would borrow money and discharge it . He sliid he would try to do so . * I called again , but he said he could not get it , since you had paid it awav to Messrs . Venables . I told him to obtain

      it as soon as he could . lately , I learnt that Mr . How had been asked for the money again . I went to Mr . M'Gowan , and told him to consider me as the debtor ; and he told me I need be under no uneasiness about it . I am sure it is not by his will that you thus renew your ungenerous and untrue statements . I am not your debtor . Mr . How was not your debtor . I have consented to stand as debtor to Mr . M'Gowan . He has no claim upon me , legally ; but he shall not lose the money . I know nothing of any arrangements between you and him ; whatever they may be I am sure he will not defraud you ; nor shall I

      break my promise to Mr . M'G . He shall be paid , as soon as I can earn the money . Let me beg that , henceforth , you will not repeat your untruth that I « gave you a bill for £ 26 5 s . " And let any man say if honester conduct was ever shown by a , poor poet than I am showing in this instance . I shall spend but tew words on the remaining part of your letter . You say , " Tom is a most comical genius . " I think my readers will say that you are mistaken , and that the " comic" is not my peculiar vein . Whatever . my " genius" may be , however ) it will live when you are forgotten . You apply the term " Atheist" to me . It is misapplied , Sir . I have never been an Atheist . "Infidel" is a

      term applied to almost all who think for themselves , and who happen to hare been either "Protestant " or " Dissenter , " and afterwards see reason to reject some orthodox mystery . You arc welcome to employ sucli a term to me , if it suits your taste ; but , remember that you are not orthodox , and that , therefore , others may apply the term to you . You ought to be ashamed of applying the term "boozy " to one who was never degraded by drinking habits in his life—who never was in a public-house to drink even the smallest quantity till he was thirty years of age-y-and who , in the succeeding fourteen years of his life has never been in such a house , except to obtain refreshment when he was exhausted by talking or journeying , and then—never to incur any

      danger of inebriation . You know that I only broke my teetotalism of some years from sheer exhaustion of frame , and medical advice , after my . imprisonment , and that I would willingly resume it if 1 could . I never give offence , however , to conscientious teetotalers . Let the Bolton men witness for me . I never took any other than their teetotal drinks while with thorn . I am too glad _ to see temperance spread to throw any obstacle in its way , willingly . I need scarcely notice your Bolton correspondent ' s letter . You tell your readers that its perusal will repay them . How unworthy is your conduct of a gentleman by birth and

      education ! You ought to be above pandering to the ignorance ana prejudice of the poor man who writes you this letter . You ought to have written to him , privately , to advise him to read the lives of the glorious Hampden and bis Commonwealth compeers for himself , and to learn that so far from being " infamous , " they were grand and noble exemplars to Englishmen . Unless he meant that the " Blessed Martvr , " Stratford , and Laud , were " infamous ; " and if he did he ought to have said so , and to have acknowledged that 1 did well in teaching my own order to have better and move correct views than the " Book of Common Prayer" gives them , about Charles I .

      I did not say I believed you to be insincere in carrying out your Land Plan . Experience has taught me . that there are fewer human monsters than some people say ; and that good motives arc often mixed with less praiseworthy motives , in inos , men . You would be a monster if you were insincere in your Land Plan : a cruel monster . But I do not believe you to be one . You would take real pleasure in seeing working-men happy on yemr estates ; and not the less because you would be the instrument of their happiness . I think you . were in error in proposing your Plan , but it was an error of the head not of the heart . Why should you be angry because I express now what I expressed in vour own room , when you were starting your Plan ?

      I have waited , and would have confessed my error , if I had learnt that your Plan had succeeded ; but your Star does not assure me of your success . I state now what I stated at Bolton , and have often stated , from your own confession of poverty , and from the information of Joshua Hobson and John Ardill , who were fully acquainted with your concerns , that one strong motive for youv commencing the Land Plan was " to recruit your exhausted means for carrying on the Star , " and to enable you to keep your position . I never said that you had used the Land monies without paying them back . I never thought it of you . Istated what I did think , and I have now stated it again . If my thoughts and information were correct you have onlv done as many other

      public men have done : projected an intentional good for others , with the view also to help yourself . You are only like hundreds of other men in this respect . Why should you claim a character superior to theirs ? I have never " solicited the patronage of the Free Traders . " My sympathies do not lay that way , , ind all who know me , or hear me talk publicly , can testify it . But if you were to see what Mr . Arrowsmith has done for his workmen you would rejoice at it . I enclose you a copy of the last number of my " Plain Speaker , " that you may read my description of what he has done ; and if you visit Bolton you will find it all confirmed . Your Bolton correspondent finds a mare ' s nest . He discovers that my " errand was the circulation of

      my penny paper ; " and that I had sent a man round the town with circulars . Just so : I had a two-fold tmrpose—as you often have—to sow moral and poitical truth by talking to the people , and also to spread my paper . This latter purpose was so little in my mind , however , that my publisher had to send the circulars after me , and I had none to deliver before I reached Manchester . And hare not I as much right to spread my penny paper , as you have to spread your fivepenny one ? You ought to bo glad that Chartists are reading my letters to " The Young Men of the Working Classes . " You ought to advise them to read those letters ; you ought to leave off your injudicious and bad-tempered habit of raisinir and renewin g quarrels ; and to pursue

      better plans than you have ever yet done for spreading Chartism . Since your party expelled me , I have unceasingly toiled for Chartism . I shall help it , whether you like me to do so , or not . I shall labour for the relief of all who are suffering for it , as far as my strength will allow . Chartism is as dear to me as my life ; and though cast out by your influence ; you can neither prevent my labouring for it , m London , nor prejudice me with any who mark my daily life and ^ conduct . By allowing any poor mistaken man t » apply such an epithet to me as

      that of " viper —you are stinging yourseit , ana degrading your own character , both in the minds of working men in London , and all over the country . Once more , however , I will test your influence . I declined going to Stalybridge last Sunday , as soon as I saw your letter , and set off from Manchester for my home , on Saturday at noon . I will not eo to any of the other towns in Lancashire , nor to any of the towns in Yorkshire , Northumberland , 4 c to which I have been invited , until I am sent fora ° ara . Your will has hitherto been law , among Chartist societies . Iwaitto . seo ifIt ' still be so . I will thrust my humble service on none . If they do

      Untitled Article

      not . choose to hoar one . whom vou have a ° airt denounced , I do not wish to speak in their healing ; but if they desire me to visit them , in spite of your denunciation , I will go . I wait to see vour power 5 , laik-row , K mghtsbridge , April 9 th , 1849 . _ , „ ...

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      ^ Boltox , April 15 . Fbirnd Harney . —Have the kindness to insert this , my defence , in answer to the one you received from Bolton , signed by the secretary , J . Vose . Sir , I feel myself honoured by the notice which Mr . O'Connor has taken of my communication of the 1 st inst . Had I thought it worthy of such notice , I would have given him full liberty to publish my name . I cannot conceive why the committee should feel so sore about it , except it be that dreadful monitor , conscience ; there was no allusion whatever to them . I shall not say a word about my own character , I am willing to leave that with the Chartists of Bolton , who know me . But ,

      what will the readers of the Star think of the character of a man who can say one thing on one day and deny it the next . From the terms used in the denial of this fact , lam compelled to mention the name . John Dore . oneof the committee , gave me the information , which was corroborated on the following day by another person , who was present when the Conversation took place . There was neither meanness nor malice intended by me . Both belong to private scanda , aud particularly so when that scandal is directed against a gent ' eman and a man that has worked harder for the cause of tbe people than any other man thatever lived before him . I shall not trouble you any more on this matter , as I am willing to meet them face to face . Yours in the cause of right against might , James Lord .

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      Monday , Apbil 23 . HOUSE OF LORDS . — Sale of Ancient Wobks of Art . —Lord Brougham wished to call the attention of his noble friend opposite ( the Marquis of Lansdowne ) to the existence of reports which asserted that those good-fornothing persons who occupied the place of the government at Florence—now happily put downand those who usurped the government at Romewho were at present not put down , though he hoped they soon would be—an usurpation which was upheld first by murder , and next by pillage—had , for the purpose of maintaining what was begun in assassination and completed by plunder , laid their sacrilegious hands on the immortal monuments of human genius .

      He would fain hope that these rumours were without foundation , and he knew that in one respect at least they were so , for it had been asserted that the greatest work of sculpture in the world ( the noble and learned lord was understood to allude to the Apollo Belvidere ) had been purchased by some person to be carried . over to the United States . Now , he had inquired into the trutli of this report , and he found that it was destitute of all foundation . ( Hear , hear . ) He had also been told that the Transfiguration of Raphael had been purchased by a nobie person who was a member of their lordships' House , lie was happy to say that that rumour also was entirely without foundation . Even if such a thing

      had been done , he was quite sure that it would only have been bv way of ransoming the noble captives from the bondage in which they were held , and without a thought of holding them longer than till the time when they could be restor . d to their lawful owners . He wished , however , to call his noble friend ' s attention to the mow probable report that some works of art , of smaller bulk , and therefore more easily exported , were finding their way towards this country . He hoped , therefore , that some such steps would be token as were adopted snme time ago , whenaquantity of armour was stolen from the _ Arsenal at Vienna . He . hoped that his noble friend would be able to say that these reports were exaggerated .

      ' 1 he Marquis of Lansdowne was understood to say that he should be very glad if he were able to give , from official sources , a satisfactory answer to the question put by his noble and learned friend . He entertained , however , a perfect conviction that the reports which had gone abroad on this subject were greatly exaggerated . He believed that with all lovers of art the love of art itself would induce them to repudiate such a mode of obtaining possession of the statues of antiquity as had been referred to . Neither did he believe that any member of their lordships ' House , or any person or body of persons ir . tliis country , who were responsible to public opinion , would stoop to such a mode of acquiring treasures of ancient art . He could only say , as far as public bodies were concerned , that the trustees of the National Gallery , and of the British Museum , had pubr Hcly declared that they would not purchase any works which were surreptitiously brought here from foreign countries .

      Lord Redesdalb observed that the pictures of Cfiat les I ., on the disruption of the monarchy , were bought even by those states which refused to acknowledge the Republic . It must be recollected that if ever there was a < fe facto gOYerament , auta a government existed at Rome now , and was not likely to be displaced , unless by external interference . Though no gentleman would , under tbe circumstancea , treat with the parties who were offering these works of art for sale , yet speculators might , and he did not see how their titles could be disputed . The conversation then drnnnnd .

      The River Plate . —The Earl of Harbowby then proceeded to move for copies or extracts of all instructions given to Jier Majesty ' s Envoys in the River Plato for their guidance , ia the intervention

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      Ot £ n » t Britain for the pacification of affaira in tha river ; anu Jn doinj so , in the course of an able Speech , he . entered into a lengthened detail of the circumstances which haa led to the present state of affairs in Mat quarter . In conclusion , he cal ' ed upon the government , for the sake of the mercantile community , whose interests were so deeply at i-take , to explain what course was intended to be pursued with regard to both the Republics on that river . The Marquis of Lansdowne , in reply , said that he had reason to believe that Rosas was anxious to come to a satisfactory arrangement with this country , which must include a due regard to the interests of Monte Video . He opposed the motion , and declined to enter upon any detailed explanation , lest by so doing the difficulties of effecting a satisfactory conclusion in the negotiations now being carried out , might be increased .

      After some observations from Lords Bbaumont ami Colchester , the Earl of Hjrrowby withdrew his motion . HOUSE OF COMMONS . — Ihish Statb Prosecotioss . —Mr . Humk wished to ask the government whether it was their intention to offend the feeling of justice by proceeding against Mr . Puffy for the fourth time ? He thought that justice ought to be pure , and that noindtoidual should be subjected to persecution . Sir Gkorgk Grey said , all he could tell the lion , gentleman wa ? , that the individual named was out on bail , and the bail would continue till the next

      commission . . Mr . Humr hoped that the House would be favoured with a return of the expense of the prosecutions which had already taken place . ( Loud cheers . ) Sir G ; Gkky replied to Lord Duncan , that the Chief Commissionerof Woods and Forests had chargo of a bill for preventing interments in the metropolis , but it was not intended to extend Us provisions to provincial towns . Lord J . RusSKLt intimated , in reply to Sir H . W . Barron , that the government had some propositions to submit on the subject of arterial drainage and railways in Ireland , but they could not do so until the rate in aid bill had been disposed of . Navigation Laws . —Mr Labouchbre then moved the third reading of the Navigation

      Bill-Mr . Hkrries thereupon moved , as an . amendment , that the bill be * fcad a third time that day six months . The longer the measure continued under discussion , the niore cogent appeared to him to be the reasons assignable against it . He would not then dwell upon the 1 arguments so often preferred , and which might now be taken as established facts in the discussion , that it was our interest to encourage , by every means in our power , our mercantile marine , and that in this wealthy , highly-civilised , and overburdened country , it was impossible to compete , in the business of shipbuilding , with poorer and less burdened states , but proceed to state the circumstances which had arisen since the introduction of the bill , and which had , in his opinion , rendered utterly

      valueless the whole foundation on which it was made to rest . The delui-for . which for some weolts had been palmed off upon tho House , to the effect that the public mind at home was favourable to tho measure , had vanished . The current of public opinion had set strongly in against the bill , which had been framed , trom theyer . v first , 5 n so exceptionable a man « ner that no modifications could render it acceptable to the Opposition . It was now attempted to be shown that , after all , there was nothing to surrender . This he flatly denied , and it was obviously the opinion of the government itself that it was not an unimportant matter that they were called upon to give up . This part , therefore , of the foundation of the bill had failed it . The opinions and wishes of the colonies

      were also relied upon for its support . But what the colonies wanted was not a repeal of the Navigation Laws as an equivalent for the loss of protection , but a return to protection , amongst other reasons , as an equivalent for the Navigation Laws . Here , again , the foundation of the bill had given way . The third ground on which it had been made to rest was , the assumed willingness of foreign power 3 to meet us in this matter . " But neither from the continent of Europe nor from America had any tidings been received to justify su « h an assumplion . The golden promises which had been made to us with respect to the liberality and generosity of America , were now

      at an end ; and here again the foundation of tbe bill had proved itself to be one of sand . He thought that the consideration of all these circumstances should induce ^ Ihe government , if not entirely to abandon the hi )) , to postpone it at / east for another year , lie then went on to show that commerce had emphatically spoken out in opposition to the bill , and thit , in a revenue point of view , it would be disastrous . He afterwards urged that its adoption would alienate masses of the population from the government , and thus strengthen the hands of the " Manchester demaggues ; " and concluded by imploring the House not to ent ^ r withou t reason or necessity on so dangerous an experiment .

      Mr . Robinson seconded the amendment , and repeated his objections to the bill \ vi h reference to its effects upon the employment of our artisans , and upon our naval supremacy ; but his main objection was , that the bill would throw open the direct trade between the colonies and the mother-country , and the indirect trade between the different colonies . It was a delusion to say that this measure was necessary in ordsr to reduce freights ; the evidence of seventeen principal merchants showed that there had been no difficulty in any part of the world in procuring British freight at a moderate rate . Mr . M'GREOftR . supported the bill , observing that he complained not of what it did for foreign ships , but what it left undone for British ships ; he wished

      that all the burdens upon the British shipownerinsurance , manning , viciualling , light dues—should be removed , arid then he feared no competition with other countries . He could not discover that the Navigation Lavra had at any period been of the least advantage to the British shipowner , and he showed the inutility and consequent impolicy of Navigation Laws from the practice of other naval and commercial nations- lie undervalued Ihe apprehensions respecting an open competition with the United States , which could be hazardous only upon the supposition that the physical and moral qualities of the Americans had attained a higher pitch of perfection than those of Englishmen . Mr . Walpolk viewed the question of our

      Navigation Lawsin three points of view-namely , historical , conomical , and national . In the first he traced the laws through the different modifications they had undergone , and drew the conclusion that the reciprocity system , which had been forced upon us , had been , upon the whole , advantageous , and being so he asked why it should be abandoned . Under the economical view , he summed up the facilities and gains which the change proposed to secure to the consumer , and he set against this small fractional benefit the loss and risk with which it menaced a capital of £ 16 , 000 , 000 employing 240 , 000 men and boys , and put it to the House whether , if the result of the experiment should diminish our mercantile

      navy and deteriorate our shipping interest , it believed they could ever be restored . But if the economical advantages were not , as they were doubtful—if they were certain and great , they should not he purchased at the expense of national objects and Mr . Walpole insisted that , with one exception , all the witnesses bad declared that this measure would impair our mercantile marine , and that that marine was the foundation of our naval supremacy . He suggested certain relaxations of the existing laws , in the spirit of the reciprocity system , and concluded a sp ? eeh of touch ability with a eulogy up n the po icy of the Navigation Laws , and by deprecating a rash experiment which would probably impair , and certainly hazard , our national

      resources . Sir James Graham was anxious to give expression to his views upon the measure , before the House finally decided upon it . Mr . Hemes had endeavoured to show that the commerce of the country was opposed to the bill . But all that he had to justify such an assertion was a few petitions which had been signed by a few parties , respectable it was true , but insignificant in point of numbers , as compared with the mass , not of the whole population , but of the population of the outports themselves . If anything were wanting to show that the commerce of the country was in favour of the measure , it wou'd be found in the course pursued with reference to it by the representatives of the

      great emporia of commerce . ( Cheers . ) The measure was introduced on the responsibility of a Cabinet presided over by the noble member for London , whilst it had been supported throughout by the representatives of the chief seats of commerce , amongst which he instanced Liverpool , Glasgow , Newcastle , and the West Riding . It had also the support of the head of the house of Baring , who now presided over the Royal Navy of the country , and who was not likely to take any step to the manifest injury of that mercantile marine to which he and his family owed so much . With these facts before Mm , how could Mr . Herries assert that commerce had spoken out against the measure 1 Thp right hon . gentleman then , -with a view to refuting his objections to the bill , closely followed Mr . Walpole in his historical , economical , and national review of the subject . In doing so , he intimated during the course of his remarks , that he attached but little value to proceedand to the

      ing in this matter by reciprocity ; as retaliation clause contained in the bill , he hoped that it would not be wade a rule which would be frequently earned out .. To retaliation , as a rule ,, tie was opposed , and he was prepared to give his sanction to the bill , because , without having recourse to recipvocity or retaliationurt would [ tend to increase the ceneral commerce of tbe world , an increase from which this country would derive the greatest advantage , as the lion ' s share would fall to it . Admitting that the superiority of our mercantile marine was the keystone of our naval power , he supported the measure without any apprehensions as to its impairing or compromising our superiority on the seas . He then quoted Adam Smith and Mr . Iluskission in refutation of some of the objections which had been offered to the bill ; after which he proceeded to show the reasons on which he grounded his conclusion that the repeal of the Navigation Laraa vrovkW not iwure

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      the tfercantiJe marine , which was the nia nstay of tbe royal navy . He was not dispose I to tbllotf Mr Uernes , and get at ; ought the menaces of foreign powers , in reference to the subject . On the contrary , l » e regarded the attitude assuffi ' .-d by those powers as iurwhing : a eogeht reason why some step should be at once taken in the matter . Another reason t . r putting our naription system upon a more s : jnple and intelligible basis than that now cceunied by it , was to be found in She complication of our reciprocity treatieu , a compliaation which lendeFed itdithcultfortis often to know" where or how we stood . The right hon . gentleman then proceeded toglance at the injurious mode in whiishthe Navigation Laws indirectly nflceted the diffcren } interests of the ^

      country . After this he came to the consideration of the colonial branch of the subject , and' expressed his astonishment at the levity with which' Mr . Herries bad treated it . The colonies had \ ery generally remonstrated against our present navigation system , bnt the remonstrances of the others were * of se-onda ? y import , a » compared with the urgency of the question raised by the attitude of Canada respecting it . lie had the fullest conviction that unless they returaed to the system of protective duties in < -favour of Canadian corn , the loss of Canada would be inevitable if wo persisted in retaining tbe Navigation Laws . | This declaration created a profound sensation iri the House . ] lie would repeat , that if they attached any importance to the retention of Canada

      amongst our colonial possessions , no time wa * to be lost in parsing this bill . Nor was it by any means certain that the laws in question were favourable to the shipping interest of the country . Indeed , it was not difficult to show that they were not . Kor were sailors benefited by them . In his opinion , the old reliance on impressment was greatly to be attributed to the laws in question . And if a change was to be made » th » was the time at which to make it . The measure before the House was necessary to consummate the policy on which the country had already embarked . On this point Sir James said ;— " Sir , I should only express to you a portion of my opinion on this subect if , after having endeavoured to follow mv hon .

      and learned friend through the historical and economical portion of his speech—I should only half expreas my opinion , if 1 did not deal wltb the political part of the subject . Now , sir , the gentlemen who sit round me , and more particularly my right hon . friend th < : member for Stamford , make constant reference ta the recent changes which have taken place in our commercial policy . They say that they consider it fatal—fatal to the agricultural interest—fatal to the commercial interest—and I heard one gentle " man say , lhis evening—I allude to the honourable chairman of Lloyd ' s ( Mr . Robinson ) -that the working classes had suffered extremely . That being the opinion of a powerful party , and of the leader of that powerful party , I cannot comprehend whv they lose

      a moment in bringing that question distinctly before the legislature , to take the opinion of the Uouse upon it . Being convinced that it is erroneous—that it ig right to retrace our steps - why this hesitation ? why this delay ? Now , sir , it so happens that on the first evening of this session , elsewhere , I heard a declaration made by a noble friend of mine , which stands on record , and about whose language there can be no mistake . With his characteristic frankness and boldness , he stated distinctly what 1 am alout to read to the House . I allude to Lord Stanley . ( Hear , hear . ) lie saiU , ' I hear it snid that free trade haa been adopted , and that we mu&t proceed in that course . ' Before I proceed , however , I may observe that my right hon . fi iend the member for Tarn *

      worth , when speaking of financial c anges , applied the quotation vestigia nutta retromim , strictly to tho Navigation Law * -, but Lod Stanley , it appears , took a more enlarged view , and gave this very quotation applied more generally . Lord Stanley says , 'I hear it said that free trade has been adopted , and that we must proceed in that cohi-sc vestiyia nidla retronum . iVom that doctrine I dissent . ( Loud Protectionist cheers upon the right hon , baronet reading this sentence of the extract . ) It appears to me that the principle of Protection to British industry is a sound and rational one . ( Renewed cheering from the Protectionists . ) I will not consent to take it as 9 . fait aceomjM that protection to British industry must be abandoned . Every day ' s

      experience convinces me more and more that this country will never prosper—that you will never be able to thwart the dangerous designs of mischievous men who think , they have obtained a lever to upheave and uproot the old foundations of the constitution ; that if you wish to see prosperity return to the interests of the country , agricultural as well as manufacturing—and when I speak of the agricul tural interest , I mean not that of country gentlemen alone , but of the farmers ami labourers of England—( cheers again)—every day ' s experience convinces me that you inust retrace the steps you have taken —( great cheering from the same quarter ); you must make part of your revenue depend on a moderate import duty ; you must return to the

      principlo of protection . ( Cheers . ) Such is my conviction ; but my belief , moreover , is strong , that to that conclusion within no distant period the full and deliberato opinion of the country will compel you to come . ' ( Continued cheers . ) ' And then ho says with his characteristic frankness and intrepidity , leaving no doubt upon the point : 'My noble and learned friend professes himself to be still the advocate of free trade ; and with equal frankness I avow that , whilst I do not advocate any unnecessary restrictions on commerce , I am the uncompromising enemy of the miscalled , one-sided , bastard free trade , which has been introduced by the government for the benefit of foreigners , and to the detriment of British subjects ; and 1 declare mvself to be

      the uncompromising advocate of the old , just , and equitable principle which gave necessary protection , not monopoly , to the labourers and produeei-s of this country , " and to our fellow-countrymen , whereever they wore to bo found throughout the world . ' ( Nearly every sentence of the above two extracts from the speech of Lord Stanley , : is road by the right honourable baronet , elicited the most marked and vehement cheering from the Protectionist members . ) That is , my friends , a manly declaration . I say , and with equal frankness and equal boldness , that this measure you are now discussing is in my opinion the capital necessary to crown the work we have already done . ( Ironical cheers from the Protectionists followed

      by a burst of counter cheers from the Free Trade members . ) I say that without it what we havo done is imperfect ; that with it , what we have achieved will not easily be undone . ( Hear , hear . ) Here , therefore , issue is joined . ( Hear , hear . ) I say that issue is fairly joh . cd on this point , and I regard it as the battle-field on which tlie struggle must take place between reaction and progress . ( Great cheers from both sides . ) I am now dealing with the political part of the question , and all the economical and historical parts of it are , to my apprehension , in the present juncture , light as dust in the balance . I have calmly and deliberately reflected on the part I have borno in the changes which have recently taken place , and so far from regretting that part , I may state my conviction that I believe—firmly believe—that the peace and

      tranquillity of tins country , and the salety 01 our institutions in the year which has just passed —( loud cheers here interrupted tlie right lion , baronet)—are mainly to be ascribed to those measures to which I have alluded . ( Cheers . ) And I think that the attempt to go back upon them—to return to prohibitory duties , or under theguiseof dutiesof import , to lay on duties really of protection , enhancing the price of corn and of articles of the first necessity consumed by the groat body of the people , would be a dangerous experiment , and one leading , as I think , to convulsion and the most fatal consequences . ( Cheers . ) At all events my part is taken . I take my stand here . I am opposed to reaction . I am favourable to progress tempered by prudence and

      discretion . It is upon these grounds I give my cordial support to the third reading of the bill ; and I am most anxious that it should , without any unnecessary delay , becomes the law of the land . " ( Tlie right hon . gentleman concluded his speech amidst loud cheers . ) Mr . T . Baring , in opposing the measure , admitted tho injurious influence upon commerce of restrictions generally . But whatever grievances might be traced to the Navigation Laws were far outweighed by the immense advantages which they conferred upon the country . It was not indispensable , in order to get rid of what was faulty in the Navigation Laws , that the whole svstem . should be n-ot rid of . He , for one , was but little alarmed at Ihe , menaces of foreign powers . lie recretted that

      Sir James Graham had introduced into the discussion the topic with which he had conclmled his speech . He ( Mr . Baring ) was not one of those who thought that they must have but one system , of freetrade or protection . They should discuss each subject upon its own merits , irrespectively of policies , established or abandoned .. He dreaded it , because he knew that if it came it must proceed from national distress . If reaction took place at all it would not bo the work of a party leader but of a suffering people . He trusted chat whatever might be the decision to which the House mkht come , the bill would not become the law of th& land , and he called upon all who attached any importance to

      peace and tho national safety to vote against a bill which ho believed was forced upon a reliant people and a hesitating Parliament . ( Cheers . ); . Lord Joh . v Rus $ xu . scarcely knew what to say in support of the measure , seeing that the whole subject had been exhausted by the masterly speech delivered by Sir James Graham . Not on& point of that speech had been either assailed or refuted by the honourable gentleman who had just taken his seat . The restrictions imposed by the Navigation Laws injuriously affected trade and diminished tha wealth of tho empire , and no defence for them could bo found but such as could be made to rest upon their tendency to promote our naval power . But had they this tendency ? To show that they had not the noble lord followed Mr . TValpole in-Ju 4 > storical review . In his judgment 3 Cwi ^ w ^\ Laws had at n © timo proved of e ^ eiftiffi ^^^ , ^? A Wow national marine , The i # 8 # f {« l ^

      i-wmmm % Hfffl ) I VKm& *

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      TO MR . D . M'GOWAN , PRINTER , SiH . —WUl you be kind enough , within the shortest possible space , and most distinctly , to answer the three following , questions . 1 st . —Who was security to you for the printing of Cooper's " Purgatory of Suicides . " 2 nd . —Who holds the bill for £ 26 5 s ., given by tho publisher for paper . Is that sum due to me or due to you ? 3 rd . — -If the work had failed , who would you have held responsible for the printing ? I don ' t ask these questions for the purpose of showing that Mr . Cooper has written an intentional falsehood , but merely to show him that he is in error as regards the fact . Your obedient servant , Fearqus O'Cos . vob .

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      c Ti . . Windmill-street , April 26 th , Sib , —I have already stated the facts connected with the publication of Mr . Cooper ' s Poem on two former occasions . I . now state them for the third , and , I hope , the last , time . h-You , were security for the amount of our bill for printing . You gave the order , and , of course , gave a guarantee at the same time . ? •~ Z $ J he bi . U for £ 2 G 5 s -: ™ s handed to me by Mr . Cooper in payment of tho balance due for printing , paper , and advertising , and I handed it to you to pay for the paper , which had been supplied by your stationer . y " 3 : 1 } ad i tl 16 ^ k been a f a 51 « re , you would most certainly nave been responsible for the amount of our account . Your obedient servant , D . M'Gowah .

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      TO FEARGUS O'CONNOR , ESQ ., M . P . Sir . —We , the members of the Westminster locality 01 the National Charter Association , hereby assure you that we duly appreciate your arduous labours in behalf of the oppressed and despised working classes ; and also , that it is with deep regret that we now feel compelled to address you in the language of remonstrance , but believing that , thereby , we prove ourselves more your SINCERE FRIENDS , than the fawning sycophant , or the mawkish Hatterer , we shall proceed respectfully to state the subject matter to which we desire to call your serious attention . It was only on last Saturday week , that the

      columns of the Northern Star closed on a very unwise and indiscreet discussion , relative to Republicanism . On last Saturday we find the columns of that paper opened for a wanton , unprovoked , uncalled for , invidious , and violent attack on private character , and this t < 0 on a man that we believe to le NOT A VIPER , but a sincere and sterling Chartist , an \ mflincbing Democrat , and . ( by his great and transcendent talents ) an ornament to our order ; and further , in saying this of Mr . Cooper , we are < f opinion , that we express the honest , convictions of thousands of our fellow men . Ia oar humble o »\ niou , it would have be ? n far better in you , as a noble-minded Democrat , instead

      of publicly thanking your friend (?) at Bolton for the information , to have committed his communication to the flames , and treated the writer with the silent contempt that he deserved ; on the contrary , we contend that by the course you have adopted , it is giving an unbounded licence to every little narrow jaundice-minded scribbler , who fancies he hears aomething or other , snd that he shall curry favour hy so doing ; he at once forwards it and the same is published ; and what , wi ask , are the results of these petty jealousies and squabbles ? Why this ; a great movement is split up , we are made a laughing-stock of by our enemies , and the true and sincere Democrat filled with heart-burning and sorrow .

      _ Trusting , Sir , that you will receive this in all sincerity , We remain , Sir , your Brother Chartists , The Member * of the Westminster Locality . P . S . — We wonld also suggest , that there ought to be no distinction made between Chartists of oW standing and new converts ; and that all your letters should be addressed to the Chartist body generally , and not to the " Old Guards . "

      Xnudtrfa! $ Arttameut

      XnuDtrfa ! $ arttameut

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      April 28 , 1849 . THE NORTHERN STAft . ^^ * i ' " 77 " 7 ' ' " ¦ " '• ' ' — ^ T " ' " - ' r sa .- ^~ , _ . , „ . --.

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), April 28, 1849, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1520/page/7/