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Northern Star (1837-1852), 24th March 1849, Edition 1 of 3, Page 2, Untitled Article

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      FRANCE . THE TRIAL OF THE REPUBLICAN CHIEFS . LOUIS BLAXC AND IIIS CALUMNIATORS . TO THE EDUOH OF THE TUK 3 . Snu—in j-oar paper of tlie Sth of March you have given ancAvr . ' . cifrointheactof accusation directed against me in France . As a proscribed man in exile , may I hope , from jour impartiality , that I may be indulged " with a small space iri order to reply ? In that act of accusation , ivliieh is bin a tissue of the blackest aad most impudent calumnies , it if put clown that , according to tuo pretended deposition of SL JIartougen , on the 15 th of May , awurkiug-nian assisu-3 me to escape from the Hotel de Yille by taking nie in Lii aims . Well , that which it irill be veiy diliicult to ¦ belii-vf in Englana—a country where the We .- - of justice is und ^^ -is . ili a * the deposition of iLLs AL JJai'tOUijen , affirir , ; d and produced by the Procnrem ' -GencvalUarouaic , is a forged document I offer you this irrefragable proot or the fitet : —M . JIartougen has just written to the journals or Paris fhefoUottingletter : — . .

      , , _ _ . „ _„_ " CiTisux-I shall be obliged to you to insert in j ; our next number thatl protest energetieauv W ^ jS " : sidon that has been attributed to me , agauf tlie citizen XouN Blanc : for this assertion is completely false . "Accept , < ta , "Pans March 10 . " MiKTOCGEi , Jun . Thus . < & you have supposititious testimonies of real perim- ^ Meh the law would punish iriih the p enalty of the "ailevs It is of such materials that the act of accusafionis composed of which you have given an extractr-an act that will remain in liistory as a monument of atrocious ienoiuinv . As to those ferocious words which this official Mel attributes tome— "If more blood is wanting we will find many victims , " it is an abominable invention to which an educated man in these days would not condescend to

      give any attention ; and on this subject I "will tell jou , sir , that not only in all my works have I advocated the abolition of t . ; e punishment of death , but that it was through me that i ) iii question of the abolition of tlie punishment of deaUi was offered to the consideration of the Provisional Government on the 26 th of February , 1 S 48 ; the initiative tak > u anteriorly by M . de Lamartine having been already neg-. livod . I had just read an article which asserted that our ' {' .-publican government would probably become a go-Tereiment by the executioner . Under feelings of indignation I ran to the Council , and I said most energetically to my colleagues that it was high time to put a stop for ever to

      to such unbecoming attacks , —that it was necessary reply » them iu a manner which could not easily be effaced firoui As memory of man , and I took up again the proposition of JL de Lamartine . The scene which followed will for evor remain in lively colours in my recollection . M . de Lamartine ran up to me , took my hands enthusiastically and . with a voice fiJl of emotion , cried out , " ^ . toio fail's ?« twe notHe chose ! " The sentiment I had expressed ¦ was tiuit of all my colleagues , andit was with a passionate "oy that we voted the decree for the abolition of the punishment of death , —a decree of which the arrangement and wording of the second part was the work of M . de Lamartine . and that of the first part was mine . whether there is

      I leave younow to determine , sir , any probability that the cruel words winch have been attributed to me so falsely could by possibility have escaped from my lips . How my enemies may , if they please , condemn me ; history will judge then-judgment . I remain , Sir , tout obedient servant , S 7 3 Piccadflly , March 12 . Lonis Blasc . Boukges , March 16 . —The tribunes were again excessively crowded to-day . M . Detours , a representative , deposed to hearing Barbes say all distinctions mast be put an end to , and the entire people formed into one vast family .

      The day previous to the invasion of the Chamber , when at the residence of Lonis Blanc , a gentleman in witness ' s presence spoke of the demonstration of the tailoring day , observing that a more serious affau * vras in agitation than was perhaps generally imagined . Louis Blanc and Barbes expressed their Incredulity , adding that , if true , it must be prevented at ar . y price . They both spoke of Blanqni as a despicable character . Witness afterwards felt surp rised to hear that Barbes was implicated in the affair , "Witness had heard Blanqui deliver his speech , from the tribune of the Chamber .

      Bla&qni repeated his previous denial of having had anything to do with the getting up of the manifestation of 15 th May , to which he was decidedly opposed . Barbes declared that he too was opposed to the manifestation ; but that when informed that the Nan-anal Assembly had been dissolved , and that consequently there was no chamber , and , so to spesk , no government , he had considered it his duty to go to the Hotel de Ville , where governments were usually constituted . He accepted all the responsibility of what had there taken place . As the ptn . hYiTneat of death had been abolished for political off ^ nc ^ s , he would prefer transportation to imprisonment .

      The nest witness was M . Vanderberghe , adjntantmajer of the National Guard of Beauvais . When on the place de Bourgogne he heard workmen declare that she National Assembl y bad been dissolved . Witness thereupon hastened back to bis lodgings , and pot on his uniform , when , hearing that t « e insurgents had proceeded to the Hotel de Yille , he took aeabriolet , and vent t ' aere to render assistance in restoring order . On ascending the great staircase , he met several individuals coming down , exclaiming "Vive Barbes ! ' Witness , with several National Guards , entered a room where thev

      found spven or eight individuals , who , when asked by what right they were there , replied , ' By that of the new government , which has just been constituted . * Barbes was arrested . Another of the party came and spoke to witness : it was Albert . Witness said fo him , ' Your place is not here , be off . ' Wit-Bess was not at that time aware that lie was an accomplice of Barbes . Albert afterwards told witness that he was equally guilty with Barbes , and wculd share bis fate . Albert was therefore arrested , and a third who 3 S name he did not know . Barbes pleaded his inviolability as a representative , but his claim to freedom from arrest was scouted , and he

      was secured . M- Hnet , concierge , Hue di Rivoli , deposed that in the night of the 14 th of April a quantity of muskets and ammunition was brought to the house for Sobtier ; they came from the Prefecture of Police . Abo' « t a week afterwards some of these arms were sent sway . On the 15 th May a number of men left the house to attend the manifestation ; they went unarmed . There was no resistance offered to the National Guards when they took possession of the premises . On leaving the houBe , on the morning of tlie 15 th , some of the men told witness that Sobrier would not sleep there that night , as he meant to take up his quarters at the office of the Minister of the Interior .

      At . Ruyer , surgeon of the Garde Mobile , deposed that he had , in the early part of May . been at the agricultural committee held at Sobrier ' s . After the bnsiiiess of the meeting had concluded , a number of fresh visitors arrived , and politics began to be discussed . The manifestation of loth May was talked of , and it was said that things would be pushed to extremities ; that the chamber would be dissolved ; they also said that Caussidiere and Ledru-Rollin were in favour of the proceeding . A new

      government was talked of , but no names were mentioned . On the 15 th , witness was present when General Conriais , followed by his staff , came to meet the manifestation ; saw him stoop down and speak to several persons , hut did not hear what he said . Witness perceived Sobrierat the head of the cortege . In reply to a question from the Procnreur-General witnsss said he had heard Sobrier declare that the persons who attended the manifestation were to go there unarmed : that otherwise he would not attend . Witness had seen Sobrier in the chamber .

      M . Pesrae , an auctioneer at Troyes , deposed that he was present as one of the delegates of the departments at a meeting held in the Salle Montesquieu , when some delegates from thi Commune de Paris arrived to invite them to attend the manifestation in favocr of Poland . The reply was , mat their mission to Paris being for a different purpose , they could not take part in it . Soon afterwards an individual entered , followed by five or six Montag Bards ; witness was told that it was Sobrier . WiU ness recognised Sobrier Jas the man . He ( the

      prisoner ) ., when asked what he wanted , raplied that it was to induce the meetingin the Salle Montesquieu to take part in the manifestation , and that that meeting should march -with his Montagnards . The meeting thereupon replied that they would have nothing to do With Sobrier or his Montagnards , and would not attend the manifestation . Sobrier then observed that he supposed they ( the meeting ) were hostile to his party , and would , if necessary , fire on them . WitnesB afterwards went to the Hotel de Ville . Saw Raspail in a cabriolet , near Notre Dame .

      M . Rondeau , a representative , deposed that on the invasion of the Assembly he saw Sobrier in the Chamber , and beard him declare that the day was at length come when the rich must pay for the others . Shortly afterwards , witness saw Sobriei in a cafe , where , on hearing him assert that the Chamber had actually been dissolved , the witness exclaimed . No , M . Sobrier , the Assembly is not dissolved ; but it was you and your followers who mvaded it , and I arrest you . ' Witness then seized aim . M . Dieudonns , attached to the Ministry of the Intenor , said that on the 5 th he was with the Minister , when aboutforly persons suddenly burst into the cabi&et of the Minister , and put a number of questions to him ; and that while one of the intruders was asking the Minister whether he would accept the office of Minister of the Interior nnder the ne ^ v government , other individuals of the band laid hold of the office seals then layirg on the table . Witness knew none of the individuals who had thus

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      forcibly intruded themselves . Witness did not recognise Sobrier . . ,. „ , Colonel de Guyon , of the 2 nd D ragoons , after deposing to the orders given him to hold h' ^ mem in readiness to act , proceeded to state that he was at the head of hisregiment an , the quay when Sobrier was brought a prisoner to the barracks . M . Boujon , Agent d'Affaires , deposed that he was at the Chamber at the time of invasion . Had never been a member of any club . Had seen Kaspailin

      the Chamber , and heard him read his petition . When Kaspail was desirous of withdrawing , an individual told him he ought to remain ; on which Raspail replied , 'You are not then a true Republican . ' Heard Barbes ^ demand from the Assembly a declaration of war in favour of Poland , and that an impost of a milliard should be imposed on the rich . Witness further stated that he had received one of the orders issued by M . Buchez , intimating that the rappel should not be beaten , and which he had carried to the 1 st arondissement .

      il . Veyne , a medical man : He deposed to having made one in the manifestation as a member of the club Jmisdu Peuple , but had not entered the Assembly . Saw M . Raspail in a cabriolet after he kit the Assembly , and accompanied him to the house of his son . Knew neither Blanqui nor Barbes . During the progress of the procession from the Bastile , Raspail marched at the head of his club , the accused had always declared that his only object was to present the petition in favour of Poland . Had kuown Kaspail for several years , and as witness was then aware that he ( Raspaii ) was about to ba arrested , would not leave biro .

      M . Milhou , a representative , deposed that he bad , on the 15 th May , heard Raspail begin to read his petition relative to Poland . Witness rose from his seat and said , ' You have no right to read a petition . ' He considered it impossible that Raspail should not have heard what he said . M . D'Adelsward , another representative , deposed to having employed the same expression as the preceding witness . M . Point , a representative , was at the chamber on the 15 th May . Saw Barbes and Raspail there , and heard the latter read hia petition . Had afterwards heard Raspail say , in allusion to Barbes , 1 Take him to the Hotel de Ville . '

      Raspail maintained that the witness was mistaken in his evidence ; that he had never been near Barbes in the Aserobly , and had not uttered the words attributed to him . Barbes characterised as an absurdity the supposi'ion that Raspail could have used such an expression , as it would have been utterly ridiculous , seeing that the general cry was , ' A l'Hotelde Ville ?' gHe repeated that he had been opposed to proceeding to the Hotel de Ville , and had entreated the people to desist from their intention of forciBg him to go there . M . Point persisted in the correctness of bis deposition . The court rose at six o ' clock .

      March 17 . —M . Duprat , representative , saw Quentin on the steps of the tribune , he said he was there to exercise a right and to fulfil a duty . Quentin went round the Assembly , and appeared to ex . cite the disorder . M . Bascal arrested Quentin on the order of M . Francois Arago , when Qaentin went to the Luxembourg to iake possession , in tbe name of the people a ter tbe dissolution of the National Assembly . Quentin had two pistols on him . M . Francois Arago , ex-member of the provisional government : Quentin came to Luxembourg to take possession , he was arrested . Witness gave some details as to tbe manifestation of the 16 th of April .

      Sobrier made some observations on the manner in which he had been dealt with during his imprisonment by order of M . Arago , in the course of which he said . ' If I had wished to overthrow tbe government , I had only to have declared it . Your friends . M . Procureur-General , who have bowed their heads before me know it well . ' ( Exclamations . ) ' We are not men of violence , but of peace , of love of moderation ; we desire the constitution , and it is we who shall yet save the government , threatened to perish by violence after being founded in violence . ' M . Francois Arago resumed , and declared that he thgnght General Courtais incapable of treason . He had only done wrone by want of discretion .

      M . Frisch heard that the insurgents complained of Gen . Courtais , who , they said , had betrayed them and caused the rappel to be beaten , contrary to the engagement he bad entered into with them . Several witnesses were then heard as to the conduct of Larget . They thought he had not gone to the Assembly with good intentions . He had been heard to speak with satisfaction of the affair of the 15 th May , and of the part he took in it , and that he could have prevented the national guard of Passy from going to Paris to tha assistance of the government . The court rose at six o ' clock , and was adjourned to Monday . !

      Monday , March , 19 . —The proceedings at Bourges were resumed at the usual hour . The galleries were very much crowded . Ledru-RoUin was the first witness . He had heard of a manifestation in favour of Poland on the 15 th of May . He detailed his own proceedings on that day in company with M . Lamartine . He considered that General Cour tais had done his best to protect the Assembly , but his orders had not been obeyed . Blanqui contradicted parts of Ledru-Roliin ' s evidence . Kaspail complained bitterly of the treatment he and his fellowprisoners had been exposed to since their arrival at Bourges . Their sleep was interrupted during the night by visits from the police . Alfthis injured his health seriously . The other prisoners made the same statement . The President of the Court

      retired for half an hour , and on his return said , that as the complaint was made in public , the explanation should be public too . He called on the director of the prison to explain . The director denied the charge . He said the inspection was made every two hours ; but that every attention , consistent with safety , was shown to the prisoners , who were allowed to see their counsel and their friends without auy guard being present . M . Mairast , President of the National Assembly , was next examined , but his evidence was only a repetition of that of the previous witnesses . The next witness called was the celebrated Vidorq . whose presence excited much sensation iu the court . His evidence , however , only referred to the prisoner fiorme . The Court adjourned at six o ' clock .

      Significant . —Some insubordination has occurred among the troops at Issondun , near Bourses , in the company of voltigeurs of the 2 nd Light Infantry . In the morning of the 15 th this company went to the village of Cheriault , near fssondun , where there is a very active set of ultra-democrats , who , after giving the soldiers drink freely , advised them to relist their orders . These soldiers accordingly refused to comply with the orders given them , and cried Vive Barbes , a has le colonel . " tore off his epaulettes , and arrested him . The colonel sent off a despatch to Beurges .

      Paris , Saturday . — Rkinauguration of the Guillotine by Louis Napolkon and the Modebates . —This morning , at eight o ' clock , two of the ' assassins' of General Brea were executed at the Barriere de Fontainebleau . In the course of last week , the government determined that the punishment of Noury and Vappreau should be commuted , but that Dais ana Lahr should be left to their fate . The case of Choppart was long undecided , but ultimately it was determined , on the earnest intercession , it is understood , of the President of the Republic himself , that mercy should be alse extended to him . The arrangements for the execution Were kept very quiet , but as it was

      evident , from the movement of troops and other symp . toms , that something was about to take place , the inhabitants of tbe quarter were on the alert , and a considerable crowd congregated . In the middle of the night , the whole of the district of the Barriere de Fontainebleau was taken possession of by large bodies of troops , consisting of the 61 st , the 2 nd , the 35 tb , and 59 th regiments of the line , severa ' sqnadrons of Lancers and Dragoons , a battalion of tha Republican Guards , and two batteries of artillery . The scaffold was erected inside the Fontainebleau gate , aud within a hundred yards of the spot where the murders were committed . Some strong detachments of infantry were placed xound the

      guillotine , and two pieces of artillery were placed at the entrance to all the streets abutting on the place of execution , and also upon the external boule . vards . At half-past five o ' clock , the two convicts who were to suffer were brought from the fortification of Vauves , where they have been confined siuce their condemnation . They reached the fatal spot iu sepaiate prison vans , each being accompanied by two priests in their sacerdotal dress . Daix was the first who appeared . On quitting the van he showed great courage , and cried out , ' C ' est moi jj ™ l ^ we fe premier . ' He mounted tbe scaffold boldly , without any assistance , and on his reaching thefront of the scaffold , he said , in a firm anil loud voice , in the name of the French people , I die in

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      nocent for having defended the cause of General Brea . I die for the people . Citizens , pray tomorrow for me , for my wife , for my children . God receive my soul- ' He was then immediately seized bv the executioners , and in less than a minute his head was severed from his body . Lahr showed less coolness . He was greatly depressed . His only words were ' Citizens , I am innocent . 1 die a Christian . ' His execution was speedily accomplished . The assembled crowd , which was principally composed of ouvriers , was calm and silent . — Morning Chronicle . We extract an article from the Peuple on the above execution : —

      RESTORATION OF THE GUILLOTINE . ' The Council of War pronounced a capital sentence—the Court of Cassation approved it—the Royalists applauded—and the Ministers in violation of the Constitution , which abolishes the penalty of death for political offences , and regardless of the political character of the tribunal which pronounced the seatence , literally executed it . The Council of Slate , consumed respecting the commutation of the penalty , had replied in the affirmative . Buonaparte had only to say ' yes , ' and the political scaffold would have disappeared for ever . Buonaparte , however , thought otherwise . He preferred

      recurring to terror , and not having the courage to make heroes of our soldier he has converted them into executioners . Troops of * all arms , artillery , cavalry , and infantry , protected the restoration of the guillotine . To train those soldiers to carnage , they were brought to the place of execution to steep the point of their swords and bayonets in the blood of Iheproletaires . Magwanimous people , who nobly proclaimed the abolition of the penalty of death , reraeraber that it is under the Presidency of Louis Buonaparte the political scaffold has been erected for the first time , in violation of tlie Constitution When we visited the Barriere de Fontainebleau . at

      eight o clock , scavengers were engaged in clearing away an immense pool of blood at the place where the ignominious instrument had been erected . No trace of that blood now remains on the pavement but that blood has sprung from the . scaffold , and stains the forehead of Buonaparte and his Ministers , and can never be effaced . Now , terrorists of moderation , are you aware of what you have done ? You imagine that you have merely shed the blood of two crimiuals ! Undeceive yourselves ; you have realised the prophecy of one of the representatives of the Democratic and Social Republic , whom you pursue with your hatred and vengeance . On the 31 st May Louis Blanc having exclaimed , ' I fear

      neither prison nor death / you protested against those expressions . ' The penalty el death , ' you said , 'is abolished for political offences . ' 'I tell you , ' replied Louis Blanc , ' that the scaffold will be again raised . I do not mean—I do not believe—that the Assembly will erect it anew . If it did , it would be acting against itself . The political scaffold will be re-established by the impetus and the merciless logic of passions . ' You have realised the anticipations of Louis Blanc . This is only your first step . Today you struck with the sword two guilty men ; to-morrow you will send innocent men to the scaffold . Your execrable logic condemns you to follow that course . You have restored the guillotine , and it will only disappear with you . '

      The delegates of the Luxembourg have addressed the following letter to the Peuple : — * The people , after the Revolution of February , planted the tree of liberty in place of the political scaffold . The political scaffold has been erected anew , and the committee of the delegates , overwhelmed with grief , have considered that the peaceable banquet they had prepared could not take place in presence of the general consternation . ( Signed ) ' A . Lefaure , ' Blum , Brasselet , ' Dubuc , 1 Bernard , ' Kemy . '

      Coming Events Cast their Shadows Before . —We read in the Moniteur— ' The calm which had begun to prevail throughout France is again disturbed srt several points by tbe artisans of disorder . At Beativais , a placard posted on the north gate announced that the Red Republicans were furnished with arms and ammunition , and were about to set fire to the four corners of the town . At Rezoy ( Seine et Marne ) several men have passed through uttering ' A has Louis Napoleon ! A bas les Aristocrates ! A mort et a la lanterne les

      Aristocrates ! ' with other seditious cries . At Chaumes , in the same department , some young men have disturbed the inhabitants during the nights by shouting 'Vive la Guillotine ! Nous laverons nos mains dans le sang des riches ! ' At Montauban the police took down a white flag which had been raised in the night . Near Thier 9 ( Puy-de-Dome ) the police removed a red flag which had remained displayed for two days at an elevated place . In some of the houses at Tuul ( Meurthe ) the National Guard has seized quantities of smuggled gunpowder . At Saint Maixent ( Deux Sevres ) tbe performance of a play , called ' Un Voyage en Icarie , ou le

      Commuuisrne , ' has afforded the Socialists of the place a pretext for a riot . They interrupted the representation by shouting 'Vive Barbes ! Vive Blanqui ! Vive Raspail ! Vive Cabefc ! Vive la Republique Rouge ! Vive la Republique Democratique 11 Sociale ! A bas la Republique Moderee ! A bas les Gendarmes ! A bas les riches ! La propriete est un vol I A bas Louis Napoleon ! A bas la Presidence !' Three men , who had been pointed out as the promoters of these disorders , were arrested and confined in tbe prison at Niort . At Havre , a thousand terrassiers ( navvies ) , dissatisfied with the wages offered them , have struck work . The authorities have

      taken necessary measures for preventing disturbances . In the arrondisscaient of La Reole ( Gironde ) tbe appearance of ZOO soldiers of the line put a atop to an attempted riotous resistance to the pay . ment of taxes . At Toulouse disorder has proceeded to a greater extent . On the 11 th , the company of the Natioual Guard , on coming to relieve the post at the capiiol , cried on entering , 'Vive la Repub lique sociale . A bas les Reactionnaires ! ' and the men displayed on their cap 3 , and at their buttonholes the lonnet rouge in tbe shape of a cockade . They also drew a guillotine on the wall . When

      they were relieved in their turn they renewed their cries with redoubled violence . The Commissary of Police begaa to draw up a report against one of these mutineers , when the man charged at the magistrate with his bayonet , and might have killed him had not another citizen turned the point aside . The men of the guard , instead of aiding in the arrest of this rebel , who had thus violated the rules of discipline and all moral law , protected him against the public force . A conduct so scandalous could not be suffered to remain unpunished , and consequently the Prefect suspended the service of the National Guard and disarmed tbe revolted company .

      Glory to Proudhon . —The Peuple , of Tuesday , contains another admirable article against the President of the Republic for not having commuted the punishment of Daix and Lahr , an account of whose execution we have given above . Proudhon , in bis article , goes the length of calling M . Louis Nape * leon Buonaparte an assassin , and declares that the whole responsibility of restoring the guillotine will rest on the P / esident ' s bead . The article concludes by calling on the workmen of Paris not to place credence in any assurances of humanity on the part of that high functionary . [ Very good advice . ]

      More Persecution . — A former sergeant of the Republican Guard , already condemned for participation in Barbes' affair of 1839 , was sentenced on Monday , by the court-martial , ta twenty years' imprisonment for having joined the insurrection of June ; twenty-two soldiers , of whom five are sons of oflicerg , were arrested on Sunday at the Fort of Vincennes . Clubs . —The government has revived the discussion on the bill to close the clubs . On Monday the whole sitting was occupied with the speeches of M . J . Favre against the measure , and of M . Leon Faucher in its favour . The diaeusBion was adjourned .

      On Tuesday tbe Assembly recorded a most important vote . Tbe clubs are interdicted . This decision wa » made at a late hoar last everin * by a majority of 378 to 359 . 6 r It is said that the Clubbists have resolved to resist the new law .

      GERMANY . The Frankfort Parliament . —March 12 th . — We have been taken by surprise to-day . Welcher , the great champion of the Directory , has moved for the immediate investment of the hereditary dignity of Emperor in the house of HonenzonJern . THREATENED RUSSIAN INTERFERENCE , ( From the Daily News . ) PRTJSSlA .-BEitLiN , March 11 th At the present moment there is hut one word in every mouth 'War with Russia , ' There remains no W er the least doubt as to the fact of a note havin been re ceived from St . Petersburgh , declaring the inten t : on of the Czar to iHterfere in Germany in favour of menaced sovereignty , a right which he founds upon the treaties of 1815 The PruSsj an govern . ment has taken up a decided position . The answer

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      from Berlin to the CWs note is that the first step of interference on the part of Russia will be the signal for tbe declaration of war on the part of Prussia . This answer is already on its way to St . Petersburg , and in about ten days we shall have the Russian reply , peace or war . Meanwhile all the orders for the movements of the troops are rtadY drawn up and signed , and waU only the date to be issued for the fulfilment . Armaments are formiBE on the most extensive scale . Besides the corps d ' armee of the eastern provinces , those or Pomerauiaand the Mark are put upon a war-foot . ng ami the whole population liable to service , between t * entv and thirty-two , the levy of which was some time since put back from their not being wanted , are called out anew .

      . ... . From the same paper we take the following _ The people are daily growing more dissatisfied wun the knowledge that their king is not treating them worthily . Great apprehensions are entertained for the 18 th of March , and a serious rising seems to be meditated ; the quiet with which it is doing , and ihe apparent submission of the people , is itself a source of uneasiness . Six regiments are arriving , of line and landwehr , from Silesia and Pomerania . [ So , after alltbat has been said to the contrary , the Prussians do not seem to be too well satisfied with their most liberal king . ]

      Anniversary of the Berlin Insurrec . tion . —Berlin , March 18 . —The anniversary looked forward to with so much anxiety has passed over without any disturbance , a result due rather to the repressive measures of the government than to tee disposition of the people . There was no parade of military force ; indeed , the troops were scarcely visible throughout the day , but the preparations of the authorities to crush a movement , had one been attempted , were made on an enormous scale . From eleven to two o'clock the new police could scarcely disperse the groups that gathered in the Fredericstrasse , and other principal streets ; there was a very evident inclination to resist them ; and about midday the aspect of things was rather threatening . The crowds consisted for the most part of

      welldressed persons ; soroe , but not any great proportion , wore the German cockade in the centre of a knot « f black crape . The disposition to gather hi groups and listen to harangues , a thing unknown since the state of siege , was again manifested ; and it was as much as all the police force could do to keep the masses separated . Till near three o'clock the ? rederic- $ trasse and Bebrens-strasse were crowded by gtoups which , but that many were brought thereby mere curiosity , would have been dangerous , for there was a good deal of ill-temper to be perceived among thera . The burial place of the martyn of the insurrection was surrounded by hosts of concealed troops and artillery . —Times .

      The late Austrian Diet . — -The dissolution of the Kremsier Diet occurred in this wise : — -On the evening of the 6 th of March , while the Diet was yet sitting , Stadion arrived with the under secretary from Vienna . Bach , who came with them , went on to Olmutz . After ten o ' clock , Stadion sent for a number of deputies to the castle . These , who had just come home from the sitting to their lodgings , went , suspecting no barm . After their arrival , the castle entrances were all closed . Amongst the summoned were Palacky , Stroback , Pinkas , Brauner Leopold , Neumann , Lasser , Hasselwandter , Newwall , Fetranovic , Szasskiewitz , and others . Count Stadion exposed to the assembled

      deputies tbe state of matters in Hungary , and other motives , which had determined the emperor to octroy a copstitution , and to dissolve the Diet . Thereupon he ordered Dr . Cajetan , mayor , to read the octroyed constitution , to which the deputies listened in mute wonder . Stadion then begged them to accompany him to Vienna , there to deliberate with him upon the constitution of the provincial departments . Thereupon several ot ( be deputies spoke in turn , stating their various doubts , surprise , objections , &c , to which Stadion listened , as one who would consider of what they said . He only remarked , however , that he bad already countersigned tbe decree . He then retired with Helfert , and came back

      in a quarter of an hour , when he declared that he must immediately set out for Olrouiz , in crier , if possible , to get the octroyed constitution suspended . The result he would send by a telegraphic despatch to Dr . Mayer . In the morning , however , instead of a telegraphic despatch , came a detachment of infantry , who established themselves in the court , blockaded the government establishments , and permitted the deputies access only to the post . The garrison had been strengthened during the night . At the corners of the streets were posted up the order for dissolution and the new constitution . In the evening ahont ten deputes were arrested . Goldmark and Violand got off . Schuselka was decided on going to Vienna .

      The deputies Fischdof and Prats were brought in under strong military escort . In the evening a deputation of the town-council left for Olmutz , to present an address of thanks to the emperor . The ex-deputy Fuster , against whom a warrant of hue aud cry had been issued , was arrested at Ratibor in Prussian-Silesia , and is already in the hands of the Austrian authorities . Since the above was put into type , « ve have heard that the ex-Deputy Fuster has escaped from the gaol at Ratibor .

      Monarchical Terrorism . —Under date Vienna , March the 13 tb , the correspondent of the Morning Chronicle writes : — 'The Square of St . Stephen presented this morning an unusual appearance—unusual , at least , for the last two months , It was occupied by military , and patrols of cavalry rode up and down the avenues leading to the cathedral church . On inquiring what this meant , I was told that the students had arranged and paid for a mass to be performed in memory of those of their members who fell thi * day twelve months in the cause of liberty , and were proceeding to the square in a body , to be present at the performance of the service . Welden had , however , got information of tbe matier , and put a stop to it . Several had been arrested . The streets are unusually crowded to-day . '

      THE WAR IN HUNGA . R 1 T . Pesth , March 9 . —The Ban left on the 8 th , at four in the morning . Windischgratz has moved all disposable troops , and even a good portion of the corps employed to besiege Comorn fortress , towards the Theiss , to stop the march , if possible , of the victorious Hungarians . On the 8 th a fight must have taken place in the direction of Szolnok : lor , during the night , a great many waggens arrived with wounded . Also the lines of the Danube by the bridge of Pesth were filled with troops , evidently in the view of covering a precipitate retreat . The officers of the O / eu garrison have sent away their wives .

      In the Breslauer Abendhlatt we find the following additional details of the affair at Kapolna and Szolnok , and subsequent movements : — 'In the first encounter at Szolnok , the Grammonnt brigade , of 5 , 000 strong , was completely surrounded by the Magyars , and part cut downj and part taken prisoners . Grammont was amongst the taken . The general ot the cavalry , Ottinger , died of his wounds at Pesth , on the 5 th inst . In another engagement , on the 3 rd of March , the General Zeisberg was taken prisoner , with his whole division . In this affair the Austrians lost sixty pieces of artillery and 9 , 000 men ( sic ) . The Magyars had passed the Danube at Tolan , and threatened the main corps in

      the rear . Hence the precipitate retreat to Pesth . It was in contemplation to make an obstinate de . fence at Ofen , where Windischgratz had established bis head quarters , and to abandon Pesth . Recskemet , the second town of the Pesth district , was in the hands of the Hungarians , and Georgey was approaching Raab with a strong corps . ' Further direct news from Hungary , in the same paper , gives as the name of the place where the Austrians were beaten on the 3 rd inst . by Derabinski , Mezokovesd . The retreat of the Austrians was little less than flight They were overtaken in the ni ght again at Czegled , where they sustained fresh losses . Jellachich , in consequent , left Pesth late at night . Discomfited troops are continually dropping in at Ofen aud

      Pesth , in the last state of discouragement and fatigue . It is even said that Ofen will not be held longer than is necessary to cover the retreat . StuW-Jveissenburg ia also in the hands of the Hungarians . That ihe Magyars are roasters of the whole of Transylvania , with the exception of Kronstadt and Hermanstadt , has been already announced . The Austrian troops have suffered a defeat at Comorn , where they were constructing a bridge over the Danube , for the purpose of storming the fortre . s . The work waa all but finished when the batteries in Comorn began to play . The bridge was battered down , and tbe troops that were advancing to cross and those that were engaged in its construction , were either killed or driven hack '

      ITALY . The Roman Republic—Under date March the 4 th , the Correspondent of the Daily News writes , the course of events keeps Its ouward march , and the prospect of undoing what has been done in Rome becomes ! every day more dim aud distant ,

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      Since the u nutterably foolish step of refusing to receivea deputation , headed by Pnnw Cwwm , and composed of his own two chambers of representatives and peers , to arrange an amicable return to his dominions , the Pontiff has gradually p laced a wide barrier indeed between the tiara and the once submissive and devoted population of these territories which all the powers of Earope can never remove . There may be an abrupt and violent attempt to force a clerical ruler again on these people , but ; what . ^^*

      is to become of his successor , and how many thousand troops and millions of dollar ^ will suffice to garrison and keep down the twenty or thirty large towns , which all vie with each other in sustaining thft Roman commonwealth and its popular assembly ? The flippancy with which folks talk of ' interven . tion , as if it were a mere foraging excursion oJ some ten thousand troops , to come and go with a veni , vidi , vici , is marvellously absurd . The doings of the last three months have created a spirit here

      which a whole century would not develops m any other circumstances ; and to a per * on on the spot , conversant with the feelings o £ all classes of society here , nothing is more lamentably ludicrous than the Neapolitan speculations of the Times' correspondent , and the wind-bags of inflated rhetoric put forth as leaders in the Chronicle .

      THE ROMAN REPUBLIC TO ALL NATIONS . The Constituent Assembly . —The following manifesto bas been published ^ t Rome : — ' A new nation presents itself to you to solicit and to offer friendly feeling , respect , fraternity . The nation that formerly was the most illustrious on the lace of the earth preseDts itself to you as a new one . But between the ancient grandeur and this resurrection , the Papal power stood for upwards of a thousand yearg , People of Europe , we knew each other when the name of the people of Rome inspired terror ; we have known each other when our name excited pity . You may abhor the memory of that age ef dominioa ftftd violence , but you . caauot condemn us to

      excite for ever the pity of the world . Whieh of you would wish to be pitied ? The people of the Roman State have determined to reform their political constitutun , and have created a Republic j and befote this great act of the imprescriptible sovereignty of the people , the past is destroyed and vanishes . The people have willed it . Who is above ihe people ? God alone ; but God created the people for liberty . Tbe people have willed it , and they need not seek justification for the past ; their reason is anterior to every human act . But if we turn our eyes to the past we may with tranquillity contemplate the ruios of the Papal power , much more so than the latter , when it contemplated the ruins of our ancient uo

      Iitical greatness . The history of Italy was a tale of sorrow , and a large portion of it was ascribed to the Papal power . And , notwithstanding , when the Pope came forward and placed the cross on the national banner , the world saw that the Italians were ready to forget the faults of the Holy See , and the revolution began in the name of a Pope . But that was the touchstone of what a Pope could or could not do . The predecessors of the last Sovereign had been too cautious to attempt the trial , and their power wa 3 measured only by the misery entailed on the people . The last Popa was the first to risk the attempt , and wished to stop when he discovered that he had revealed a terrible truth , namely , the impotency of the

      Papal power to render the Italian nation free , independent , and glorious ; he wished to withdraw from the work , but it was too late , for Papacy had judged itself . Ic is hence that the downfall of Popery has beenso near its glory ; the g lory of the papal power was the northern light that precedes darkness . We still-hoped , but a system of reaction waa the answer that came from the Papal power . Reaction fell ; the Pope at first dissembled , saw the tran . quillity of the people , and fled ; and in bis flight he bore viUU him thecertainty of . exciting civil war ; he violated the political Constitution , left us without a government , repelled the messengers of the peopie , fomented discord , then threw himself into the

      arras of the most ferocious enemy of Italy , and excommunicated the people I These facts sufficiently show that the Papal sovereignty neither could , nor would , modify itself , and nothing was left but bear it or destroy it . It was destroyed . If the liberality of kings , or the toleration of nations , had placed tbe Papal power in the city of the Scipios and Cajsars , instead of in the heart of France or on the banks of the Danube or the Thames was that a reason for depriving the Italians of all the rights common to nations—the country and liberty ? And if it be true that the possession of temporal sovereignty be necessary to the spiritual power of the Pontificate , although it was not on such a condition

      that Jesus Christ promised immortality to his Church , was Rome then destined to become the patrimony of the Pope , and be so for ever ? Rome the patrimony o' a Sovereignty , that to subsist was forced to oppress , and to be glorious , was forced to fall ? Ami , as a patrimony of Papacy was Rome to be the permanent cause of the ruin of Italy ? Rome , whose traditions , whose name , nay , whose ruins sa loudly-speak of liberty and patriotism ? Provoked and abandoned to ourselves , we have effected the revolution without spilling a drop of blood , we have re-edified almost without letting the sound of demolition be heard—we have completely uprooted the sovereignty of the Popes , after having patiently submitted to it for so many ages—not from any hatred of Papacy , but from love for our country . When a Revolution has been effected with such

      morality of purpose and means it is at once proved that this people did not deserve to be under the sway of Papacy , but was worthy of being its own master , worthy of the Republic ! Ik is worthy , therefore , of being admitted into the great family of nations , andot obtaining your friendship and esteem . The Roman Republic will bear the stamp of its origin . It will make a free people defend the religious independence of the Pontiff , to whom tbe religion of a Republican people will be worth more than a few roods of territory . The Roman Republic proposes to apply the laws of morality and universal charity to the line of conduct it intends to follow , and to the development of its political lite . For the Assembly , 'The President , G . Galletti . ' Rome , March 2 . '

      PIEDMONT , LOMBARDY , AND AUSTRIA .-A letter from Turin to the Patrie of the 14 th says , ' The King , yesterday , received the visit of Lord Abercrombie , the British minister , who endeavoured to arrest ihe King in the course he was taking . The King answered him warmly , and nearly in these terms : ' To please you , M . Ambassador , I signed , laat year , ihe armistice at Salasco . which was a disgrace to me . I stopped at tbe Adije , and submitted to a mediation , which is charged as to me into a treason . Since the 7 th May our situation is intolerable . The sacrifices which we bear are more onerons than war ; and I have still closed my ears to the sufferings of the Lombards and Venetians . What have you done

      forme ? Nothing ! for you would not even interpose when Austria violated the armistice . You have by your silence , approved these violations of the right of nations . Now that we are plunged in an abyss , ought we to resign ourselves to remain in it ? No ! M . Ambassador , no ! I prefer sseing my crown shivered by cannon balls to being hooted in the stretts . At all events , if I must succumb , toy fall shall be honourable for myself and my people /' To-day the minister Ratazzi made the following communication to the Chamber of Deputies : —• The day of action has arrived . The King ' s government ,

      after having exhausted every measure for obtaining an honourable peace , which would secure the independence of Italy ; and after having waited in vain for the mediation of the two great constitutional powers to advance towards this object , we are at last obliged to put an end to this delay , and to vindicate the rights of Italy by arms . The armistice was accordingly denounced on the 12 th , and the resumption oi hostilities ia eight days notified to Marshal Radetsky . The mediating powers have also been informed of the same resolve through diplomatic channels . '

      The Blessings of Monarchy . —Field-Marshal Radetsky , the worthy servant of the worthy Emperor of Austria , has published a proclamation , dated the 10 th , reminding the public of the nine species of crime punishable with immediate death . Among these are illicit enrolments , seduction of soldiers connivance at desertion , and the possession of arms ' and ammunition . Other minor offences , such as having unvisaed passports , disobedience to the military , &c , are punishable with arrest and irons for the space of from a mouth to a year .

      Monarchy and Mdrdeb Atrocities of a Royalist Ruffian . —We recommend the admirers of Monarchy to read , mark , learn , and inwardly digest the following : - 'Marshal Radetzsky announced to the garrison of Milan , by an order of the day of the 12 th , the cessation of the armistice . On receipt of that intelli gence , an 'infuriated soldwry traversed the city , vociferating atrocious threats against the Italians . All the doors and shops were closed on their passage , and they remained during tbe whole evening sole masters of the streets , none of the inhabitants having dared to vesture out . AH businQss was suspended from { hat

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      moment . When night came on . bands of intoxicated Croatian soldiers , with lighted torches , marched through the city uttering savage cries of ' Long rlve Radetzky , and death to the Italians ! ' The Podesta was summoned in tho evening to the residence of the Marshal , who ordered him to inform the inhabitants that at the first movement or symptoms o £ insurrection the city should be reduced to ashes . He then showed the Podesta the preparations he had made for the purpose in the Citadel , the congreve rockets , mortars , and other combustible matters it contained , and finally told him that he would , leave in Milan five or six thousand men to execute his inaendiary orders . > ^ I ' L «^ ^* ^^ * *^ 1 * ^ ^ % n »^* a «^ ^^ ¦** % »« rt # * ** C ^ m i _ _* ¦

      SICILY . —Advices from Leghorn and Marseilles state iliat a Neapolitan expedition of 6 , 000 men had sailed for Sicily , and would embark at Messiua to reinforce the line of the Melazzo to Paormina . According ta other advices it would appear that the chambers and government of Palermo are controlled by battalions of volunteers of desperate character , of whom three-fourths are foreigners of all countries , and who will not allow any kind of compromise , threatening the city with pillage if it be even spoken of . NAPLES AND SICILY .-The Daily News says * . —We regret to state that advices from Palermo of the Sth , announce the determination of the Sicilians to reject the Neapolitan ultimatum . TheEng .

      lish and French fleets reached Palermo < m the 6 th , and on the following day transmitted to the Prince of Butera tbe missive of his Majesty the King of Naples . The answer was not publicly announced on the 8 th , but the universal opinion was that the constitution was utterly unacceptable , and that the only alternative was war . The admirals declared that they would btay to the last moment of there being hope of an accommodation . The Sicilians look to none . In Naples itself , the two Chambers and the Cabinet are so much at variance , that the latter has represented to the King the impossibility of continuing the government without a dissolution and new elections , and the King , it is f aid , accedes . The Chambers refuse to vote the taxes—will the present ministry remain in office ?

      INDIA . We have received , in anticipation of the Overland Mail , imelligence from the army of the Punjau i up to the 3 d , from Lahore and Mooltaa to the 4 th , from Calcutta to the 7 th , aud from Bombay to the 13 th or February . Since the departure of the mail conveying to England the news of the fall of Mooltan , and battle of Chillianwalla , on the left bank of tbe Jhrium , little of moment had taken place as regards the army of the Punjaub .

      Up to the 3 d of February , Lord Gough was busily occupied in fortifying his camp . Sbere Singh ' s army was about four miles' distance from the Commander , in-chief ' s camp . It was generally supposed in Lord Gough ' s camp that nothing would be done in the way of offensive operations till the arrival of reinforcements from Mooltan and Lahore .

      REBELLION IN THE BRAZILS . Rebellion has broken out in this country . Under date Pernambuco , February , 3 d , a correspondent of the Daily News , says : — Since 1 last wrote tilings have come to a crisis . The rebels attacked the town in three columns , at tUree different points , at daybreak yesterday rtorning , and succeeded in entering the city by the CincoPontos road . They obtained partial possession of the Santos Antonio , where they were aided by their friends in town firing upon the troops from the houses ; and some desperate fighting has taken place . The government troops aud marines ( landed from the vessel of war ) , aided by the

      volunteer corps , however , kept possession of the principal p osts until about two o ' clock in the afceraoon , when Cicelo arrived with his forces , and completely routed the rebels ; their retreat by the Affagoiios road having been cut off , none of the body that entered by that road have escaped . There lias been a fearful loss of life , and a large number of prisoners were taken . The column of rebels that attacked the suburbs by the Solesado road were kept at bay outside the Boa Vista , and the third column only penetrated as far as Eslancia by the Margainho

      road . These two latter parties fought desperately to attain their object of entering the city by the Boad Vista . They fought from five o'clock in the morning until six o ' clock in the evening , but without gaining any ground . During the night they nave retreated to the country ; the government troops are too much worn out with their forced marches to follow them . Their principal leader , Mines Macbado ( a Decembrazzado and deputy to the general assembly ) , was killed early in the day , and to his death the rebels attribute their defeat . Some others of their leaders are prisoners .

      • Feb . 8 . —The Columbus has been detained till to-day . Everything continues quiet in the town . The rebels that still continue under arms are in the neighbourhood of Pasraado . I cannot ascertain their numbers correctly , but tbey are supposed to be about 1 , 000 or 1 , 200 strong . A gieat many of tbe rebels have been met with in small parties since the day of the battle , and refusing to surrender have been shot . The total number of rebels killed is fully 500 . '

      Another battle took place on the 16 th , the rebels numbering 1 , 500 , and the royalists about 1 , 300 . The rebels were beaten . They lost some hundreds , including Roma , their leader , which disheartened them considerably . They retreated to Brijo d'Aria , where it was expected the decisive struggle would take place . Of the eventful success of tbe government hardly a doubt was entertained as thearmy bad been reinforced by 300 men from Baliia , and I . BOO more were daily expected from lib Janeiro . UNITED STATES . President Taylor delivered his inaugural address at Washington , on the 5 tli of March . We give the following extracts : —

      " Elected by the American people to the highest office known to our laws , I appear here to take the oath prescribed by the Constitution ; and , in com * pliance with a time-honoured custom , to aildf ^ s those who are now assembled . The confidence ami respect shown by my countrymeu , in calling me to be the chief magistrate of a Republic holding a ln ' gn rank amon ^ the nations of the earth , have insp ired me witu feelings of the most prolound gratitude ; but , when I reflect that the acceptance of the ofce which their partiality has bestowed imposes tie ujScliavge of the most arduom duties , and involves the weightiest obligations , I am conscious that the position which I have been called to till , though sitmcient to satisfy the loftiest ambition , is surrounded by fearful responsibilities . Happily , however , in tue "

      performance of my dunes , I shall not be without able co-operation . The legislative and judicial branches of the government present prominent examples of distinguished civil attainments aud TButured experience ; and itshall be my endeavour to call to my assistance in the Executive depart ments individuals whose talents , integrity , and purity oi character , will furnish ample gurrautees for . he faithful and honourable performance of the trusts to I * committed to their charge . With such aids , W * an honest purpose to do « hatever is right , I hops to execute diligently , impartially , and for the b eS f interests of the country , the manifold duties devoid " upon me . In the discharge of these duties my guide will be theconstitution , which I this da / s * * to preserve , protect , and defend .

      "Chosen by the body of the people under the assurance that my adininstration would be devoted to twe welfare of the whole country , and not to the suppor of any particulu section or merely local interest ! * this day renew the declarations 1 have hereto !^ made , and proclaim my fixed determination to »» ' tain , " to the extent of ray ability , the government ' its original purity , and to adopt ' as the basis or w public policy those great Republican doctrines wi » constitute the strength or ' our national existence .

      "As American freemen , we cunnot but sympatWin all efforts to extend the blessings of civil »»« p , Iitical liberty ; but , at the same time , we are wap by the admonitions of history aud the voice o 0 £ own beloved Washington , to abstain from entw » ling alliances with foreign nations . In all ? W % between conflicting governments , it is our ^ . 'J not less than our duty , to remain stiicfy » « " ^ while our geographical position , the genius oru ^ institutions and our people ,, the advancing SP 1 " 1 , civilisation , and , above al ' , the dictates ol rw ,, direct us to the cultivation of peace' . tl and trie" " relations witfi all other powers .

      "In conclusion , I congratulate you my M ?^ ^ zens , upon the high state of prosperity to vfli lC flljr goodness of Divine Providence has conduc teu ^ common country . Let us invoke a continuan , j the same protecting care which has led us fro : " » ^ beginnings to the eminence we this day occnpi > ^ g let us seek to duserve that continuance by . FJ . tand moderation in our councils—by well-cliren ^ gn tempts to assuage the bitterness which too g marks unavoidable differences of opinion , L , ;; - promulgation apd practice of just aud liberal y ^ pies ,- aud by an en ' arged patriotism wliicu . ^ acknowledge no limits but those of our o « spread republic . " , i » to-The crowd in the square was immense , au bably numbered 10 , 000 . „„ u » fotS Great cheering and a discharge of cannon aud aftQitke Mver y of tlie address .

      Dfor€Ign Intelligent*.

      dFor € ign intelligent * .

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      a THE NORTHERN STAB . Makch 24 , 1849 . ^ - ¦ ^ M ^ M ^^^^ M ^ B ^ B ^ M ^^^^ B ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ B ^^ H ^^^ M ^^^^ BB ^^ B ^^ M ^ ft ^^^ Bw ^^^ g ^^^^ M ¦» » ^» ^^^ i ^^^ bm ^^^^^™*^^^^^^^^^ t

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), March 24, 1849, page 2, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1515/page/2/