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Northern Star (1837-1852), 27th January 1849, Edition 1 of 3, Page 4, Untitled Article

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    • THE NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY, JANUARY 27,1S49.
    • : .nCfc i
    • AN ANATOMY OF PARLIAMENT, beins a comnlete Account of the MEMBERS OF TOE
  • Adverts (12)
  • Text (15)
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      Untitled Ad

      HOrSE OF COMMONS , ana tlie FAMILY , PROFESSIONAL , and other INFLUENCES THAT SUKKOUND THEM , trill t > e ( riven as a SECOND SUPPLEMENT for lS * 9 , ; nit ] i -JEKRoLirS WEEKLY NEWS and FINANCIAL ECONOMIST" of ? ATUKDAY , the 3 rd FKBBUARY . The Labget Sheet iootcd bt Law—JJ Pastes , and ' Columns . Every Saturday , rrice Od ., Stamped . V Withnut oiie word nf uftenre ur iwrsonalitT , this Supplement will funiishone of the strongest proofs of the inefficiency of the present mode of representation ever offered to the public . Earlv orders to any Newsman—Office for advertisements , 27 , Cjii * r Wellington-street , Strand-

      Untitled Ad

      A PARLIAMENTARY SOIREE A ^ il PCIILK- MEETINO . Tvill beheld at T 11 ^ " ? . ?^ AND SCIENTIFIC INsTITlTION , John-street , litzroy-2 Tn- ?^ V FVFXIVG NEXT JANI-AHY 23 th . 1 S 49 . * Tt ^ vi . J ^ e » lr w in attc . ndr-Charles LuAing-J V « Ml' TlKniB ' Waklef , Esq .. \ Ll \ , Fcargus OTon ^ e £ ' M . 1 ™ Messrs . ' Ro SS , Ifcruey , M'Grath , lHxon , Clark and KydsL . Tea on table at half-past six o ' clock , and the meeting to commence at i- 'cht . , .,, « ., Tickets fur the soiree Is . each , to oe had of all local feert-tarii-s : tlie I . uud Ofliee . 144 , lligll llolborn ; the Tnidts' Office . 11 , Tottenham-court-road ; and at the Institution . Chartists , do your duty . S . Kr » D , Secretarr .

      Untitled Ad

      IT IS THE CAUSE ! IT IS THE CAUSE . ' . ' STANDARD THEATRE , Facing the Eastern Counties Railway Station . Shoreditch . rider the patronage of the Executive Committee , who will be present on the occasion , and in aid of the Funds , A BENEFIT will be taken at the above lu > use , on the evening of WEDNESDAY , FEBRUARY 7 th , 1849 , wfcfTi one of tlie li- ? t rimi ]« inivs in London will render thlif iiid , and tliu atkiiov . ' lcd ^ t'd best juuitoiniiue tver produced in London will be jiert ' onntd by inimitable artists . The i * .-rf <> nr . a . nce will cimswt of a New Drama , of deep and intern * interest , entitled 1 T . V 1 . SIIMEXT IS . SIX STAGES ; A LAUG 1 IAKLE ISTCULUDK , with a llunipipe , end a variety of SizisiiK ; a : id Uaacliifr . And the MODEL PANTOUIMG : iJaiiil rai tlie stage in a superior manner , in certainly the neatest yet must commodious House , at the East-End of London . Tile iiriix-s nf iidmissvni are strictly in uccordar . ee with the times : private boxes , Is . 0 d ; boxes , is . ; pit , Cd ; gallery , oil . 33 r Tickets to be lia < I » f all Sub-Secretaries and Agents in tlie Metrojiolis ; < £ Mr . IJysoii , l ' ubiishtr , Shureditch ; Mr . Knowle . s ' Clubc ami Friends , " Morgan-street . Couimercial-ioad ; Mr . lfidwell , 7 , Ivy-lane . Huxton New Town ; Mr . Sinis , H , Little Chajiel-street , Uray ' s-inn-lane ; Mr . IL II . Mde , 5 , IVppui-stroet , Union-street . SoutUwark ; at ilr . Culiivcr ' s Coilee-house , Holywell-street , Strand ; and at the Nation : d Land OfiiCL \ 144 , '\ VvA \ Holboni .

      Untitled Ad

      TO BE SOLD , by a party about to onurrate , several FOUR AXD TWO-ACRE PAIDri' SHARES in the National Land Company . The highest reasonable oifer will be taken . Apply , post paid , to J . Chapman , 23 Court , High-street , Bordesley , Birmingham .

      Untitled Ad

      IMPORTANT SOTICE . XEW YEAR'S GIFTS FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE WIVES AXD FAMILIES OF TI 1 K CHARTIST VICTIMS . THE PRESENTS ALREADY RECEIVED far exceeding in number and value what was anticipated ( with promise of nunierous others ) , and as roauy of the tickets still rcniaiu unsold , tlie committee have decided on posti-winis the final disposal of the Gifts till MO . VltAY , FEBUUAUY 19 m . Tickets Six ] H-ucc each ( which will entitle the holders to an article of value ) , may lie obtained of Mr . James Grassliy , *\ XnaliV Ark Court , Stanirate , Lambeth ; Mr . Stallwood , Hammersmith ; llr . « r ' eenslade , 21 . Allerton-rtreet ,

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      LITERARY INSTITUTION , JOIIX STREET , FITZKOY SQUARE . SUBJECTS OF FOUR ORATIONS ; O ' to be delivered by Thomas Coom , aufhor of The Purgatory of Suicides , " On Tuesday Eveiilajrs ; during January , 1 S 49 . in aid of ti : e Sativsal Victim Fcm \ for Vfljieli purpose Mr , Cooper yrtsents Ins gratuitous servicec . SOth . —( Ifeiag tlie lit-CiuteUanr of ' King Charles the Martyr" ) Trial and Execution of Charles I .: Government lvr the Council of State : Cromvrell in Ireland " : his Victories of Uunbiir illld Worcester : Trotectorate and Character of Outer Ceouweli . To commence at eight o ' clock preciselv . Admissionflail 2 d . . , Gallery 30 ,

      Untitled Ad

      FOR SALE . A FOUR-ACRE ALLOTMENT at O'Connorville . situated in tjie best portion of the Estate . One acre is cn > I > peu with ivheat , nndtwo-and-a- ! ialf acresare prepared for spring cropping . The effects consist of five voung jii gp , fcur months ol < l ; twenty-four bushels of jx-iatcs ; three am ! n-half bushels of barky ; : i quantity of fceans , pens , ar . d other aardeti seeds ; also , live or six tou = of manure , with a quantity of straw ; an excellent barn ; four jiig-sties ; a quantity of rabbit iiutches ; a large copvfry : and a wcll-feui-wl yard , fov \ iigs or poultry . The projuietoi ' s only reason for sellinir is , his having lately been left a widower with four children , under eleven years of age , and his wish to return among his friends . Terms Tlie purchaser to pay all the Company ' s demands , and give £ 40 to the proprietor . All letters to be prepaid , and addressed to Alfred II . Crowtlier , O'Connorville , near Rickmanswortli , Herts , aud f o contain a postage stamp for reply .

      Untitled Ad

      Preedom or Speech i ? r Amhkica- —The South CaroUsian thus records the " tarring and feathering" of a Scot , who dared to dispute the justice of American slavery— " About six months ago a . ffljin bv the same of Edmunds , who called himself a Scotchman , came into the lower part of the parish as a teacher , and succeeded in getting up a sniall school . After some time , however , it was discovered that the instruction of the rising generation was not his principal ohjeet , and that he avowed himself publicly an abolitionist , denounced slavery , and said that it was contrary tu the spirit of Christianity , Ac . Our high-minded and spirited citizens waited for nothing more ; and a few evenings afterwards a party of six or seven entered his school-room , and , without ceremonv dissolved the relations existing be-

      Untitled Ad

      Xow Ready , a New Edition of MR . O'COHKOR'S WORK OH SMALL FARMS HIE CHEAPEST BDITIOS EVER TUSLISHSD . Trice Is . 6 d ., A new and elegant edition , with Steel Plate of the Author , of PAIHE'S POLITICAL WORKS . VOLS . I . TO IV ., NEATLT BOUND , 'Price 3 g . 6 d . each , THE LABOURER' MAGAZINE . NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS . Any imperfect copies of tlie " Labourer" Magazine must be completed forthwith ; all the back numbers are now vn sale ; but it will not be practicable to perfect copies unless imperfections are called for at once .

      Untitled Ad

      PORTRAIT OF W . S . O'BRIEN . Next week our subscribers will receive tho portrait of the "Saxoii Victim , " and all agents are requested to send their orders iu time .

      Untitled Ad

      Specimens of a splendid portrait of You > 'G Muaguek -will shortly be in the hands of our agents ; and ire Tenture to assert , that our readers will prefer the sight oHV . S . O'Brien to the Koyal Speech , -which -will appear on tho same day .

      Untitled Ad

      INSTRUCTION AS TO DEFENCE AND YICTDJ VVXJ ) , As we have before stated , all Monies for the DEFENCE FUND must be transmitted by Post-office Order only , addressed to Mr . "W Mi Rider , " Northern Star" Office , Great Windmill-street , London . And all . Subscriptions for the VICTIM FUXD , i ^ ust be addessed to Mr . Joiix Arxoti , Middlesex- place , Somers ' -town , in P 0 Sc-office Orders , made payable to him , at he Post Office , Battle Bridge . And in future the two Funds must be kept distinct and apart , as . otherwise it is impossible to appropriate them as intended . Feargus O'Conxor .

      The Northern Star Saturday, January 27,1s49.

      THE NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY , JANUARY 27 , 1 S 49 .

      Untitled Article

      " THE NORTHERN STAR , " AND THE TYRANTS . The following letter has been addressed to Mr . O'Coxxon ; and from its contents iho people will learn the dread , the terror and hoiror entertained by tyrants against the People ' s Paper ; and , however much we sympathise with the prisoners , we feel proud that our writings are the terror of then" enemies . We have no doubt that the Home Secretary will

      hear something of the matter m proper time and place . Can any thing he more revolting or disgusting than the fact that a newspaper paying its fair share of stamp duty , and thus contributing towards the support of pampered officials , should he proscribed by a Free Trade Government . This is Freo Tradeswith a vengeance , but in the exact proportion in which the " Star" is hated by tyrants , will it be loved by freemen . Kirkduk ttaol , near Liverpool , January 23 rd , 1849 .

      Deab Sib , —We have drawn up a memorial to Sir George Grey , in which we complain , amongst other things , of the Ntrtliern Star being prohibited by the Visiting Magistrates of this prison , whilst Whig or Tory papers are allowed free admission . We therefore call upon you , more in your capacity of a Member of Parliament than as proprietor of the Star , to give us your aid , in common with other honnierabers , with whom we intend to hold a correspondence on the subject , and thus preserve to us the privileges to which we consider ourselves entitled . . Since our confine ? ment here we have been twice searched , like thieves , by the Governor . Our visit- rs have been several times subjected to the same indignity , and are not allowed

      admittance on Sunday ( the only time tvlien the majority of our friends can spare time ) . Our domestic letters are overhauled by the governor , and one of our fellow prisoners , Edward Clark Cropper , is now an inmate of the hospital , through a severe attack of asthma , brought on by being deprived of the use of tobacco . We therefore trust that you will display your usual energy by requiring a removal of these restrictions , which we look upon < IS tlie emanation of magisterial dogmatism rather than the meaning and iutent of the law , whose protection we claim as " first class misdemeanants . " On behalf of Self and Fellow Prisoners , Yours affectionately , Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., M . F ., London . ¦

      Untitled Article

      and suffocation was , and is , to them , what the Corn Laws were to the landlords—PROTECTION . It is a well-known fact , that the survivors , after a dreadful calamity has taken place , rather rejoice in , than deplore the event ; every man subjected to similar danger , believing that his turn will be the last , looks upon the catastrophe as a fearful warning to those who might otherwise enter the competitive market , and the labour of mining—that is , grubbing for coal—does not require the same apprenticeship and training that the manufacturing operative requires .

      True , the economical and beneficial working of the mine is of importance to the master , but , as the wages of the worker are measured by the amount of production , and not according to the standard of perfection , the master is well satisfied to use this competitive power , even at the expense of damage to the pit , rather than submit tothe just demand for the best , most practical , and economical wording of the pit . For these several reasons , and , more especially , from the fact that Coal Kings and Viewers constitute the tribunal—the only tribunal—to which the complaining slaves can appeal , the Colliers are , of all other classes , the most isolated—in fact , they are a distinct and separate race .

      It was not so , however , under Mr . Roberts ' s administration ; as an appeal from the inferior to the superior Courts—in every single instance of which Mi ' . Rouehts was successful—worked a considerable alteration in the Colliery Laws : and to the loss of this practice of appealing from Philip drunk to Philip sober—from a bench of interested masters to a bench of impartial Judges—must now be attributed the numerous letters that daily pour in upon us , complaining of the advantage taken by the masters now that the men have lost their legal adviser and protector .

      There is nothing more unfair or ungenerous than to charge the dishonesty of the few as a crime against the many . And as system works the crime , and as self-interest is tho ruling and governing maxim of man , we shall endeavour to destroy the crushing system , ; by clearly and simply developing the realisation of self-interest as regards the Colliers . As in the case of the Dorchester Labourers and the Glasgow Cotton Spinners , so it was ¦ with the Colliers during thoir strike ; we devoted our time , our money , and our space , to the advocacy of their cause , and our reward in all cases was the same—neither thanks nor gratitude . In every instance the mouthing philanthropist made merchandise of the sufferers , and as soon as the victims were restored—as

      with the Colliers when their union was broken up by the desertion , the fraud , and dishonesty of leaders who could no longer traffic in their credulity ; so it was with the advocates of tho Dorchester Labourers and the Glasgow Cotton Spinners—many of them retained to their own kindly use the monies that were subscribed for the Victims , while others secured a comfortable retreat under the countenance of the employer .

      Nevertheless , as we ascribe all to system , we will once again lend our aid to the re-organisation of the Colliers' Union , which while in its strength was . the most powerful Labour Union ever known in this country ; and wo will now show arithmetically , the beneficial effect that this and all other Labour Unions must ever confer upon the shopkeeping aiid trading classes .

      In Northumberland and Durham we may estimate tho number of Colliers , mon and boya , hi round numbers , at sixty thousand ; and if wo presume that the want of Union and the absence of legal coercion , has reduced the wages of each worker by a shilling a day—we make a low estimate of the figure by presuming the reduction to be a shilling—it amounts to £ 3 , 000 a day , to £ 10 , 000 a week ,

      and JVIJNiE HUNDRED AND THIRTYSIX THOUSAND A YEAR . We have taken the reduction consequent upon disunion , and want of organisation , very low . However , that amount is well worth contending for—and we will now kIisw the shopkeeper ' s profit . There is no shopkeeper , who deals in the working man '* provisions , who does not realise , at least ) fifteen per cent , profit ; and , therefore , the pMit accruing to tho shopkeepers from the expenditure of this increased amount of wages , would amount to about ONE HUNfrftED AND FORTY

      THOUSAND A TEAK—or would givo ' an additional mpihe of TWO HUNDRED POUNDS A . Y ! e 4 R , to seven hundred shopkeepers ill jSV&tliumbciicind and Durham . And those shopkeepers would be much better customers with all classes of traders , bankers , merchants and manufacturers ; while , upon the other hand , the nine hundred and thirty-six thousand filched from tlie sixty thousand unprotected , because disunited , labourers , going into the pockets of the few united , and therefore powerful , Coal Kings , is partly spent with

      the ntoVe aristocratic trades of London , and paVtly -lavished in railway and otlve * gambling spt&iifations ; and this is what constitutes the annWal increase of the " GRlAT WEN , " as Air Cobbett very characteristically designated the metropolis ; and the increase of which , and the centralization of governmental power therein , will , ere & > ng , constitute the , great national grievance I &s the " won " doe 3 J ¦ not at all represent the stomach , rctttcnlng ; strength and vitality toiae members of : tfee body , but is a great c $ ffi * uming maw—it 3 y 5 tifp » what it gets . ¦ ' . = to be

      There is another ^ w taken < of the Colliers' case , it tr *— the hours devoid to labour . Under $ ' . e administration tff Mr . Roberts the men 'earned four , sliilliug-p -a day for eight hours '^ v-ork , and , presuming that they now work "ten hours a day aM for less wages , let the ** understand that thfej at once augments the - "sixty thousand into seventy-five thousand , th < ffs creating a competitive reserve of fifteen tbefusand ; that is , si-Sty thousand men's work at ten hours a day ^ is equal to seventy-five thousand men ' s work at eight

      hours a day , and the sixty thousand working ton hours will produce one-fourth more than tho same number working eight hours si day ; and as calamity is to tlieift what the Corn Laws were to the landlord ^—Protection , so is GLUT OF PRODUCE to them precisely what the importation of foreign grain is to the landlord—DESTRUCTION . But , mayhap , the consumeTmay turn upon us and say , " True ; but as the one Collier « an produce as much as many can -consume , ihe many receive the benefit of this increased production . " But we rejoin , "No such thing ; " for two reasons : —

      Firstly . —The Coal Kings do not make a corresponding reduction but , on the contrary , they uphusbaud the surplus produce which constitutes their power over the producer , as it enables them to resist any demand for a fair increase of wages b y pointing to the accumulated store , and saying : " Behold the enemy —it is of your own creation . I only employ you for charity , —PLAY , IF YOU WISH , for three months , six months , or nine months , for the pit ' s mouth tells you that I can supply my customers for that period without an increasC j of store . " And then the Coal King increases the price to the consumer , upon the pro-1 text that the supply is inadequate to the de-i mand .

      We have now based this Colliery Question upon its proper footing ; we have shown € hc Collier the loss that disunion entails upon his class ; we have shown the shopkeeper . and trader the loss that reduced wages entail upon their class ; and we would remind them of the oft repeated fact , that the hope to retain thoir social position with those who destroy thoir best customers by tyranny , is the rock upon which thev will split

      Had we estimated the diminution of wa-TS consequent upon disunion at 2 s . n day , we believe we should still be under the niark , and t hus we show to the labouring classes gene-

      Untitled Article

      rally , that class-power , achieved through classlo-i ' slation , that the union of masters and the disunion of labourers , are the two great enemies against which the latter class haw to contend . ° And trusting that the eyes of the Colliers of Northumberland and Durham will be fully opened to their position before the present destructive system enables the Uoal Kin « s to lay up such a store as will compel the workers to accept any terms , we conclude the

      with a strong expresion of hope , that many letters we have received from the loading men of the two counties , are indicative Of the Colliers' resurrection , and that timely steps may bo taken to prevent the evil ever consequent upon delay . A penny a month , or a shilling a year , from sixty thousand people , would amount to three thousand pounds , and from theproper expenditureofthatsum the contributors would receive in increased wages over ONE MILLION PER ANNUM !

      Untitled Article

      Union , who died after their removal from Tooting to the Free Hospital in Gray ' s Innlane . That Jury returned a verdict of " Maxslaughter" against Dkouet , the " Childfarmer , " and the Coroner , before issuing the warrant to take him into custody , emphatically expressed concurrence in the opinion of the Jurors . It remains to be seen what the fate of the accused will be in the Central Criminal Court , and whether the legal trickery of the Old Bailey bar will be able to set aside the common-sense view of a body of men unbiassed by the technicalities and special pleading of " Gentlemen learned in the Law . "

      One thing iscevtain ; that the decided or firm conduct of the Jury will give the question the opportunity of being fully canvassed in all its bearings , and is equally just to tho public and tho person accused . As far as Diiouet is individually concerned , the matter ought now to bo left to tho legal tribunal , before which it will have to come . But there are other parties to this inquiry , who have yet to bo saddled witli their share of the responsibilities attending this wholesale " manslaughter . "

      Mr . Wakley , in his able and luminous charge to the Jury , absolved the Poor Law Board and its officer ' s , as well as the Guardians of the Unions who sent their children to tlie Tooting Child Farm , from all legal blame , though he severely censured " the very sloveiily , inefficient , and negligent manner " in which the visitors from the several Boards had discharged the duty of perMIcally « xamining and reporting upon the state of the establishment . These latter he could not absolve from moral responsibility , though ho did all the other members who had not personally

      investigated for themselves . Now , with all deference to the worthy Coroner for Middlesex , we can scarcely go the length he does in this particular . We hold that the Guardians and Overseers who consigned the children to tho tender mercies of Mr . Diiouet , are responsible on the good old legal maxim , " Quam facit per alium , facit per se , "—who acts by another acts by himself . It is not enough for them to say , " Why we paid him what he asked for the children , and a very good price too , and

      therefore we had nothing more to do with it . ' The very fact of their appointing monthly visitors to inspect the place and report concerning its condition , shows that they were virtually Dkouet's masters ; and that , as their servant , they had the power of enforcing upon him any internal arrangements they considered requisite for the health and well-being of tho inmates . If these arrangements were refused , they had the power of withdrawing these children entirely , so that in any case the responsibilitv comes back upon them .

      It may be urged—it has been so , indeed , by some of the officials and mouthpieces of these Boards of Guardians—that they were placed in a difficulty from the want of sufficient accommodation in the workhouses of their respective unions . No doubt that was an inconvenience , but it was not one which empowered them to shovel out the juvenile paupers committed to their charge by hundreds , to die or live according to the convenience and profit of Mr . Drouet , and without that systematic and scrutinising examination , which the peculiar position that individual stood in towards the

      children imperatively demanded . As far ai we can see , the monthly examinations wero mere shams . Whether those who made them were engaged during a considerable part of tho time in exchanging courtesies with the Contractor at his hospitable board , or how they otherwise occupied their time , it is difficult to say ; but certain it is , thatthomannerin which the duty was performed , fully justified the strong language used by Mr . Wakley . Perhaps , however , this was not always nor altogether the fault of the visitors . On one or two occasions , when complaints wore made bv a

      prying inquisitive Guardian , who really thought that he was bound to see the children were properly clothed and . lodged , the reception lie experienced was anything but calculated to encourage him incontinuingthat mode of performing the task committed to him . Mr . DiloUPA Mliod him , and abusod the children . The pool Guardian was compelled to beat a retreat without completing his scrutiny , and the ( xuardiaiis sent a larger deputation of visitors next time , who effectually whitewashed the concern—the Contractor , in the mean * while , having resolved "to do the thing

      handsome , ' * by making an apology for his rudeness on ttfc previous visit . In fact , as Mr WiSen , the Guardian alluded to , naively saH > "He did not know how it was , but thofijgh they worked very well as a Board ¦ of Guardians , yet somehow , whenever a Visiting 'Committee reported anything against the ^ Establishment , the next that went was sui'c to put it all fight . " Mr . Winch never ' ( feed with Mr . ) uovet :. Wo wonder w-hcifher the whitewashers dW . The optical ' 6 $ eets of a good dinner a « da glassof wnneitfre very marvellous . They show " the silver lwsng of * the cloud , " and thvw \ v over all object-s a cmdeur du rose .

      Badittuge apart , however , the connexion between the Guardians awl the Contractor , was such $ mt it could not fail to have an injurious effect upon the condition of the children . It precluded to a considerable degree , an efficient supervision of tho iftfcuagoment of the children ; th-ttsw obstacles i * i the way of removing admitted abuses ; » aftd placed a large number of children , iiiMrD 5 ioi irr ' s care—under circumstances that supplied an almost irresistible in-< 5 cntivc to benefit himself at their expense . The Guardiatos , as men of business and of common sense , ought to have foreseen these effects of the "system , and have provided better arrangements for the poor infants of their respective Tfeions .

      Lastly , the Poor Law Board and its Inspectors &re not free of complicity in this crusade agaiinst the health and lives of the infantile paupers of the metropolis . Whatever technical difficulties might interfere to prevent thoiv exercising full authority over these pauper ferms , they had—as Mr Hall , the Inspector admitted—the power of issuing a peremptory'order , forbidding the sending of children fcs ' < Jhem . Why did they not do so ? It was

      »( St because they were satisfied with them ; bee&uso thh same official told Mr Wakle y , that * ' He could assure him they were as little Watisfaetory to the Poor Law Board , as they were to the Coroner himself . " The Inspector , accompanied by Mr Tufsell , Queen's Inspector , had remonstrated with Diiouet upon the over-crowding of the children , and other evils ; but confessedl y without any expectations of his remonstrances bciug attended to . Why did he not recommend the withdrawal of the

      children ? Why did the Poor Law Board not issue " a peremptory order , forbidding their being sent to such establishments ? " That would have shut them up at once ; and compelled the Guardians to provide proper arrangements for them , under the direct surveillance of the local and general officials , responsible to tho law . Tho neglect of the Central Authorities to do this , fastens upon them also—if not a legalat least a heavy and direct moral responsibility , for the shocking mortality which has occurred ; and although the law may only be able to lay hold of the immediate actor in the traged y—let it not be forgotten that .. other parties , with ample powers to prevent " flic catastrophe , were particeps criminis .

      1 hero are other points connected with this question of material importance , to which we must return on a future occasion .

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      Political Kkfugkes . —The Spanish Coranianilsnt , Antonio Ruiz , with several of lii . s iifScersj imlllittled in \\\ t £ tivvut ! monition 0 '; May hat , and . " cut ( jy tiie I'o'tugUiSefcOvmimenito the Azores , where Uu-y suffered all kinds of indignities , have escaped ami reached L'uulon , devuid of resources and friends .

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      J . Sweet acknowledges the receipt of the fullowmit sums for Mrs . M'Uouall : —Mr . Chipindalc , 1 .- \ ; . Wr . ' Kiwtt , 3 ii . ; Afr . Kirlr , Id . —For the Uefmivc Fitml ( sent herewith ) : —1 'Yom tho "Kinj , ' >> f tho Fvoncli . " ! l . l . Mr . A . RoHEUTS , Tort Hopetown , Kdinburgh . —Ilixciyedi Mr . J . Evans , Wblvei'liainptuu . —The fuult lies with the " London agent . If ho gives liimseli the i rouble to send he can have them . Hr . J . MiiiLER , Newport , Monmouthshire . We believe , y , oti will obtain the portrait of Mr . A . Hoywonii . jA . Olilhamstrei' . t , Manchester , for one sliUling . We luive not got one on hand . Mr . W . Coumas , Leicester . —The report has lieeil niislaid . Its insertion would be chargeable as an advertisement . The 1 'oets . —Since Christmas we have received a mass of poetical compositions , which we can make in > use of at present . In ^ ood time , the several Candida res for publicity will k' brouirht up for judgment , and treated

      according to their deserts . J . W ., Plymouth . —If you can make up your niiml to meet the worst you have to fear should you rejoin the —^— , perhaps you will do well to take that course . Hut even to risk a " dressing" is no juke . If il ' ou are without a family , it would be better to try your fortune under th « " stars and stripes . " 1 ) . Oiiisox , Greenwich . —There areahostof works professing to teaeli the French language . We cannot single out one in particular , unless we except " Cobbett ' s French Grammar , " a work of good repute amongst those who have learned that language .-E . . Svkes . iruddersfield . —Xo communication has been treated with contempt , silent or otherwise . ; but we had not room for tlie article in question the week it came to hand . Wlitu we had room , the interest of tlie subject had passedjaway . We are not aware of the non-insertion of any otherc ommunication . W . II . C . II ., Birmingham . —We know nothing of the

      advcrtisement . James Williams . —Wo know nothing of the North Texan Company . M . M'A . —Wo believe the prizes will be open to general competition . As regards the poetry , see the notice above . A SuiisciiniER , Birkeushaw Hotto' . n . —We do not supply Mr . Buckley . Mr . Clark is uur agent . Mr . Edwardx , TeiKmnuutli . —Any member subscribing sirpence per u-eek to ( he funds of tlie loan Society , will be eligible to borrow the sum of £ 15 . —Thomas Clahk . S . K ydd " and Ji'Nius . " —Your "Letters" were placed in the hands of the printers , on Wednesday , but press of matter has excluded them from this day ' s Star . Thej shall appear in our next .

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      RECEIPTS OF THE NATIONAL LAND COMPANy , Fob the Week Ending Thursdat , January 25 , 1849 . SHARES . £ 8 . d , £ F , ( I . Globe and W . Bailey .. 0 10 Friends .. 0 0 6 W . Preston .. 0 2 6 Birmingham , W . Preston , J un . 0 2 6 Ship ., 0 5 C R . Pattison .. 0 14 Mottram .. 4 10 0 1 » . Trumble ' .. OIO Carlton ,. 0 111 W . Searl ., 0 5 0

      Easington-l .-ine .. 0 16 0 C . Maul .. 8 3 0 Notttingham , 1 \ Carpenter .. 0 16 Sweet .. 0 13 10 T . Bidwell .. 0 2 6 Windy Kook .. 0 7 6 II . Moss .. 0 16 Manchester .. 2 4 O J . Moore < . 0 1 O Marylebrme .. 1 0 0 W . Bailey .. 0 16 Preston Liddle .. 2 18 0 C . T . Galto-n . .. 0 0 8 Edinburgh .. 0 3 0 S . Lee .. 0 1 G Southampton .. 1 12 0 A . II . O . .. 0 5 0 Stalybridge .. 2 15 0 S . O . ., 0 2 0 Crayford .. 12 6 ^ C . T . Galton .. 0 0 8 £ 23 2 H EXPENSE FUND . ———•

      Globe and Stocknort .. 0 2 0 . Friends .. 0 2 0 W . Searle .. 0 2 6 ' - Birmingham , T . Margetts .. 0 2 0 Shi p .. 0 7 6 S . Wilkins .. 0 2 0 ' Bacnp .. 0 4 C J . Wilkins .. 0 2 0 ' Carlton .. 0 2 3 II . Sherlieker .. 0 111 Nottingham .. OSS Norwich .. 040 £ 1 16 10 t lu i TOTALS . * Land Fund ... ... ,,, l <( 23 2 11 . Expense ditto ... .., ... 1 3 T 6 1 O Itonus ditto ... 5 7 11 Lo . in ditto ' ... ... ,., 0 G 5 Transfers C-l' ^ . S ' £ 31 8 10 TV . Dixox , C Doile , ' T . Oi . akK , IV . Sec . P . M'CiKittH , Fin . Sec .

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      EXECUTIVE FUND . rcr \ V . rwn EB .-T . A , C , 6 d . ; E . Elias , MoTOlG-ttth , 2 s . ; J . Laylor , Stow Provost , Is . ; WnkefieW , per K- Mennell , Us . yd Per S . Kydd . — Keighley , , i . Ciintett , 5 s . Lhnehouse , a Friend , Is . ; Mr . Ct . Mayman , 4 * . - Sheffield , J . Cavill , Is . ( id . ; Sheffield , Miss Booker , Is . ( id . ; Peterborough . E , Schaley , for cards , 2 s . ; South London . 10 s . ; Cards , ditto , 4 s . I ' d .- Per Land Office .-Mi ' . Thorpe , tterby , "Js . C < 1 . ; L / wester , Astill , ] s . ( id ; T . Mcat Jones Locality , as , -id . ; Bccles , 4 s . ; Cripplegatc . pciO . lr , Brown , oSi

      • NEW YEAR ' S GIFTPer S . Kv »» . —R . Farleigh , 5 s . ; It . Heat :-., 2 s . DEFENCE FUND . , r £ , ^\ Ri Wji .-Swinehcad dough , per R . Barker , Od . - , M . Ball . ManSheld , Gd ; Bacup , per J . Mawson . 5 s . ; 3 . Sweet , Jiottuigham , 9 d . ; St . Andrews , Auckland , per J . Wilkinson , IDs . 'id . ; A low Friends , Old SiiiWi . n , per ditto , V ' « ii 7 ?' ller G > Fra'ma " . « s- ' , J . OldfieW . Hud . dcrsficld , 2 s . Cd . ; A few friends , Montrose , per W . &c >^« ;\ orillamJlton > I * ' Mm-Faulkner . The 12 s . fid . from Midglcy . and tlie £ 1 fis . M ., from Swindon , acknowledged in our last for Defence Fund , should Imye been tor Wives and Families of Victims Will reinittevs be more explicit nud not merely say the enclosed is tor tlie Victims , " but specify the particular purposo they desire the money to be applied . ^ j ^ v VICTIM FUND . Per S KYDD .-Keighley , per J . Garnett , 5 s . South London Hall , J . hdwards , Is . lid . ; J . Percy '* Siibsc-intinn S S : ! SKA r ' ¦ 2 - E - ** i- > 5 SMS 5 FOR WIVES AND FAMILIES OF VICTIMS Per W . Kideb . —Ashford , per J . Barrow , is . Gd . ; London , j » er \\ . Long . 8 d . ; Birmingham , per II , Kuuhall , Is . ! ld -A . White , jut ditto , is . ; B . 1 ) . Doimell , per ditto , Is - ' j . Smith , Kennoway Burns , Fiieshirc , Is . Ud .

      NATIONAL VICTIM AND DEFENCE FUND . * Midgley , per IT . Naylor , 12 s . ( id . ; Mr Rider , as pe ¦ Star , Ss . Od . ; Mr Kydd , as per Sear , £ 1 0 s . 3 d . ; Mr Elliott , per Mr , M'Grath . 2 s . tid . ; Mr Fvust , \ , w ditto , Cd ;; Aft Enemy to oppression , ditto , £ 1 , ; Ernest Jones Locality , per Harrap , 4 s . Gd . ; Mr . Knight , per J . Milne , Is . ; Globo and Friends , per Thomas , l » s . yd . ; Commercial-road Hall , ditto , Is . ! ld . ; Westminster , per Grasshv , 2 s . 3 d .- ^ -JoiOl Ali . Norr , Sec , 11 , . Middlesex-place , Somei- ' s-tovrn , to whom communications are , in future , to be addressed , and all monies for the W £ v « s and Families of Victims , forwarded by 1 ost Office Orders only ( stamps not being available ) , made payable to him at the Battle-bridge Post office Tho Wives and Families of the Kirkdale A'ictims havine' been placed on the funds the weekl y liabilities of the conLttee amount to nearly eleven pounds , at tl . e H ,, stipend of " S seven shillings per week to those with , and three shillings to tiiose -without families ; and when it is st-itelltW through want of funds , several , last week v « SSXi to go away unpaid , the committee trust that the Sta ot humanity mil exert themselves and send in fund .

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      forDefcu e e mWaSa <; knOWled S < : dIaSt *** * " in 5 stake '

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      Tub VEnmcr in the Cholera Cases am > ism Directors op tub Poou op St . " Pascbah-. —Oa Wednesday evening , aspecial meeting of tfw directorg ol the poor of bt . Puncras took place at the new vestry vo ° m ? - Mr . Churchwarden Healey * in the chair . — Mr . i ltt read to the board the verdict of the coroner a jury in the case of Joseph John Carter , in which the jury strongly censured the board of directors foi not h&uug entered into a proper contract wit ! i Mr Drouet in farming out the pauper children . —Mr Clnrke said , that so far . is the di-ectors of the poor of St . Pancras were concerned they had been exceedingly anxious to do all they could for the beiiefit of the jaupev children , but what were tile facts I 'ihe workhouse had become so overcrowded that they were compelled to fail back upon the practice adopted by other parishes , and farm out the children to create room for adult paupers , who were crowding upon them . They would have sent the children

      to Aubiu's asylum , but that gentleman had no room , and they were oHiged to send them to M r . Dsouet ' g . Why , however , should the poor law commissioners try and yet out of the responsibility —( hear )—when it was actually upon the representations of Mr » Tufne'l arid Mr . Hall , of the poor-law board , that the directors of St . Pancras were induced to send their girls to Tooting ? They did not contend foe price . They gave Mr . Drouet the price be asked , and if he had not fulfilled Iris contract the blam « rested with Mr . Dvouet .-After other speakers had addressed the meeting it was resolved , "That a Committee be appointed to draw u ;> a report foe publication throughout the pariah in answer to the verdict o ? th coroner ' s jury , ami other allegation ! Against the board of directors , detailing all the circumstances under which the board were compelled to farm out the pauper children with Mrf JJlWt , "

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      THE COLLIERS OF NORTHUMBERLAND AND DURHAM . Duriiig the management of the affairs of the Durham and Northumberland Colliers by Mr . Robeuts , there -was no class of labourers who stood in a better position to resist the aggressions of the strongest-class of masters , and to this fact is to bo attributed the intense hatred of the latter class to him who stood as a breakwater bctwc-cii the flood of power and the unconnected streams of industry . The Colliers may be called not only a peculiar class , but a peculiar race ; a race of underground slaves , inured to a certain description of labour , and sucural from overwhelming competition by the dangers of the callingin ihet tlie dread of explosion , inundation

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      WHIG RETRENCHMENTS . Lord John and tho Chancellor of the Exchequer have taken fright already . They dread the organised forces of the Fiscal Reformers led by Cobden , and arc propitiating them by throwing such tubs to the whale as conic handiest . On Monday , the "Times , " having got its cue from head .- quarters , thus cautiousl y and semi-officially announced the Financial Policy which the Whigs , under the anticipated " pressure from without , " have deemed it prudent to adopt : —

      " Wo believe wo may congratulate tlie moderate and patient economists on tliu prospect of ; m early and considerable step in the right direction . After years of ascending expense and descending revenue , a return to the equilibrium , besides being a positive improvement , is an earnest of bettev things to uome . Vvoin . ftU tluvt we can Ucav the Chancellor of the Exchequer will be in a condition to announce early in the session ii reduction in the army and navy estimates , sufficient to bring them safe within the probable revenue of the year . The twelvemonth just ended lias produeed a considerable income on corn , the last that in this country will ever be levied from the staff of

      life ; but , on the other hand , it has not been a good yesw for malt . Taking therefore into account the evident and substantial improvement of trade , we may fairly expect that the revenue , now for half a year on the ascendant , will soon regain the level of 1810 . Unless some unforeseen danger or calamity should deraiiRC the calculation , we may expect that with the revenue of 184 G we shall soon combine the estimates of an earlier year , yet without injury to any of onr civil establishments , or measures for internal improvement , Should such a budget be announced , the common sense and gratitude of the nation would be exhibited by a hearty and unanimous support , and we have no doubt it mil be so exhibited . "

      How far " this moderate and patient" Budget will meet with the " gratitude" and " hearty and unanimous support" anticipated for it b y the Ministerial organ , wo do not pretend to say . But in the mean time we think it our duty to show how the reductions are to be brought about . The Financial Reform Association has , in its tracts , disclosed a monstrous and shameful expenditure of the public money , upon aristocratic placemen and eiuecurists . The overofficering both of the Army and the Navy , has been most powerfully exposed ; and the

      downright waste and peculation of the Ordnance made evident to everybody . We have 09 Generals , and 138 Lieutenant- Generals , or hi all , 2 lM Generals—being more than two for each Regiment . We have 341 Colonels , and GH 4 Lieutenant-Colonels , or 1025 in all ; and other Officers in proportion . The race of Admirals and Captains in the Royal Navy is equally numerous , and all are in some way or other quartered upon the country , for snug incomes . Now a reduction in this ridiculouslylarge disproportion between the commanders and those whom they have to command , would have been something like common sense , cind

      at the same time have eftectcd a real saving . But that is not the way in which Whig Economists go to work . In respect of this real deadweight there will be little , if any , reduction . It is strapped on to the back of the nation as firmly as ever the " Old Man of tho Sea " was upon Sinbad .. The idlers will be kept up ivt the old rate , and even the excuse for keeping so many officers will be diminished . The "Morning Chronicle" announces on Thursday , that it is intended to discharge ten thousand men from the Army , and that the proposed diminutipn will take place chiefl y on that portion of our forces which is now on homo

      service . In plain English this moans , that ten thousand more competitors arc to bo driven into an already overcrowded Labour Market , to aid in bringing down wages sfcill farther , while the real burdens of tho ttatiou arc to remain untouched . We have no doubt tha % any other reductions in the Navy , OH « anco , and Public Offices , will be made ' tifon the same principle . The hard-working Jften , the low-paid and ragged-out clerks—Xhcse will be either forced into the Labour Market altogether , or have their wages lov ^ Ved , and their work increased ; "ffhile fat , partnered , and idle sinecurists , will be left in tlfc unrestricted enjoyment of largo annual inccfenes .

      We loavo it to all men of common sense to say , \ wfr far such Financial Economy a ¥ i <\ RctreftduncntB will benefit the nation . If , for every " penny saved in taxation , the stilus l » lx > tti- thrown into the market lowers the ^ rice ef labour a shilling—we " guess , " "as the Wakees say , that the people will scron find they are playing a losing game ^/ hey may depend upon it , however , that this ^ ill be the retrenchment policy pursupd by afi factions , so long as they are unrepresented fe the Commons House of Parliament , and Itave no voice in the just apportionment of tie national income The "aristocracy will always seize the lion ' s share of the spoil—the peoplo will continue to be -crucified between Whig and Tory thieves .

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      WHO IS TO BLAME FOR THE t'KAGEDY AT ' TOOTING ? The first juries who returned verdicts on the victims of the chSd-farming system , indulged in vague generalities and deprecatory regreis . It was deejay to be lamented that such < a frightful mortality had occurred ; but as to there being anybody to blame for it , in particular , these sapient bodies were unable to determine . They 'rived blank cartridges at an infemous systdft -Oj ? wholesale starvation and disease , whiek . pedisposod its victims to be swept off in iwBdreds by the prevailing epidemic oftheftitfKwient .

      The Holfoori ^ nion Jury deserve credit for ! not having Mlo ' wcd this delicate and gingerly j mode of dv » ai * tlg with a grave and important ; inquiry , ^ tftlrly four hundred children were attacked wMin the walls of one establishnfcetft , of whonj ;<< m& hundred and fifty now lie kmraed in the < ftfetfchyard of the village and sfeout fifty atfc'dtftorred in ihe -various burying-fftaces of thenttotropolis , having caught tho infection before Tfliey were removed from the pesthouse . ls ot one person—young or < vM—has beeE ^ frected bv the disease in the Tillage of

      TotfiihgjOutsideMr . DliOUET ' sso-calledasylum . The Ipoor are as scatheless in this respect as the rich , —those who live in Molyneux ' syard , dose by the great "Cesspool of Tooting , " —the lowest level , into which all its filth and ihnpurity is drained and stagnated—escaped untouched . Their dwellings abutted as closely as cue portion of Mr . Dhoukt ' s premises did upon tliis retort of Malaria , but the external atmospheric poison , to which some parties attributed such importance , did not harm them . Neither sickness nor death ensued .

      Distinctl y localised as the outbreak was , therefore , it is clear that some particular and definite causes had been at work to produce such a sweeping and appalling mortality , TllC blame must rest somewhere or other , and it was the duty of the Coroner ' s Jury to taketUe initiative in the matter , and find out where it lay . As we have already said , all sWrkwl t \ io performance of this duty , save tlw Jury that inquired into the causes of the ( loath of the poor children belonging to tho Holboni

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      DR . M'DOUALL . We understand that Mr . Roberts contemplates applying tor a Writ of Error in the case of Dr . M'Douall , on ( we believe ) such good and sufficient grounds , as can hardly fail to ensure that gentleman ' s release from the prison tortures to which he has boon subjected for some months past . We believe somewhere about £ 20 is the sum required to enable Mr . Robeuts to commence operations . We put it to the working classes whether they will allow Dr . M'Douall to remain in the hands of hig relentless enemies for the want of so trifling a sum ? We earnestly appeal to tho Doctor ' s friends and admirers to procure him the means which ho holieves will enable him to obtain his liberation . We shall return to this subject when more fully informed of the facts on which Dr . M'Douall' s legal adviser bases his hopes of success . In the meantime we trust that the friends of Dr . M'Douall will do their duty . ,

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      THE NORTTTV . R . N STAR January 27 , 1849

      An Anatomy Of Parliament, Beins A Comnlete Account Of The Members Of Toe

      AN ANATOMY OF PARLIAMENT , beins a comnlete Account of the MEMBERS OF TOE

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 27, 1849, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1507/page/4/