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Northern Star (1837-1852), 30th December 1848, Edition 1 of 3, Page 7

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      FRANCE . , ~ j jrCLAMinGS OP TH 3 PfiKJIOHST CF THK ItEPCBUC . ' V ' e snnonnced tilts proclamation of the newly-1 & * l f f ^ ' ! # S » Hndiy '« Siak ; we now Vthe following additional particulars . f t t !« government had receivsd information that wj 3 ths inteatioQ sf certain per 3 oni to take advance of ine ceremony ofthe inau < : nr * tionoftb . e Presen t of . fcl 18 Republic , for tha purpose of eadeavourj ^ fc ) raise an tmtuie in tha atreeta of Paris , it was f&iei betwee * the government of General CavaigjjC , and that of the President I /> nu Napoleon BonadT , that the ceremony of the offieal proclamation ' i the President should take plies on Wednesday juce wbir 10 , instead of Thursday , so that the diea . fi jjjie a being taken bj surprise , might be thus prejsnled frcm disturbing the pnblic ( t « rqail ! ity . Accordingly , at four o clock on Wednesday the

      fresidept elect proceeded to the National Assembly fhen M . Waldeck Rousseau ross to say the Campittte had charged him to anooacce to ina National ise&biy ? h » t the Citizen Louis Napoleon Bonaparte vjd been duly nominated Preaidant of the Republic [ j ! arks of satisfaction ) Tbe PreiideDt . —General Cavaignsc demands to Fjeak . ( Deep ulence . ) Grnera ! Cavaignac ( in a firm roice ) . —I coma here is inform you that I ha re just received the collective tsJi - sation of the Ministry , 1 have also to state that I have cow to remit inta jour hand the office of president of the Council , which you were pleased to entrust to me . The Assembly will be able to comnretend better than Iamable to express all the sreti&de ? ist 1 I'd to it for the great kicdnesa which it has pleased to testify towards me all the time that I exercised that power , ( Load cheers , which lasted qoc time . ) '

      The boa . general then , on descending from the Tribune , passed his foimer place and seated hiauelf lower down on the Left , tear the place where M de iAtaartina usuall y sits . The ; ftes-den t—i U 3 w ahali put the repart of the pciBitteefco theYOie . _ This was done , &nd ever ? member , withoafc exception , stood up in it 3 favour . The President , in a load Toice , then said . —In the time of the French people , before God , and in presecca of tha National Assembly—seeinj that Louis J fapoieon Bonaparte has obtained the anwlute

      majority retired by Arte . 4 T acd 4 S « f the ConstitHtion—[ proclaim hm to be President of the Freach Republic Democratic , one and indivisible , from the present day to thejecond Sinday cf May , 1852 . I invite the new Pre = iden * . to come forward and take the oath required by the Constitution . [ M . Ltnis Napoleon thea csme forward and ascended the tribune . ! Thefoltowns « s th . oath :- ' Before God , andin tbepraenea of the trench peopie , represent : d by the National Assembly . 1 swear to remain faithfol to the Republic and fnat I shall always forward its interests , in all res pects . '

      Ji . Luis Napoleon Bonaparte , in a load voice—I swear . ( Tae ioudoet cries of' Yi \ a la Republi que 1 ' fcre arose ; one voice responding with the cry of 'Vive la Constitution ! ' ) The President . —The tribune is to the President of lie Republic . { Marks of the greatest interest ) The Presi Jentof the Republic thea resd the following sii-ires s : _ Citiz-n Representatives , —Tfce scSragea of the ration , and ths oath I have iu 3 t taken , traca out far es roy future ca » duct . I stall follow it as a nan of honour . I shall regaid a $ enemies of ocr country all those who should attempt to chasse bv ilfcgal raears what all Franca baa estab ' ish-d . ( Hear . ) Between you snd me ,

      Citi-2 * n Rfpre 5 cntsiivei > , there cannot bsany real difference of opinion . Our wishes , our desires are the Esnse . I whb , like you , to placs Boeieiy on its true ba ? e- ; to strengthen democratic institutions , and to alleviate the miseries of that generous and intelligent i > 9-p ! e which has just given me scc " i a striking proof of its confidence . Tte rnsjerilj which I have obuited not only penetrates me with gratitude but it will give to the new government that moral foroe withcu :. which there is eo authority . With peace and crier oar country can again improve—can cure Its wcands—bring bick the men that hava been aisle-, and calm down passions . Animated by & oncers spirit of conciliation , I have called rosnd ' me capable and patriotic men , who , in spite sf tha dU V 2 r = iiy of their political origin , are ready to devote them-elvzs with you to the application of the

      Constitution , the improvement of the Iaw 3 , aHd the gWry of ths Republic . A government coming into power owe ? idbt-of thanks to its predecessors whan the d £ po : itof its authority is haaded over to it intact , asd ii particular I owe it to the hon . General Ca--aigi-ac to say that hU conduct is worthy of the geicroiityot his ckaracter , and that sentiment of duty whici i- * he first qnality of a statesmin . ( Hear , iesr . ) Wa have , citizen representative ' , a grand nisnin t' * lalfil—to foand a Republic in the interest of s'i . acdaja < cand firm government , which shall ba animated by a sincere desire of prozresi , without beiBc : either reactionary or Utopian . Let us be tbe men of ths ooantry , not tha men of a party ; and , with the aid of God , wa will at least da good , if we cannot achieve sreat things . ' ( Loud applause . ) The a ^ dren was followed by Jond cheers , and

      The PrraJeus of the Republic thea left the tribens , and going down ths ceitre o ! the hsuse , proeedsd U ths seat of General Caviignac , and shook hia warmly by the hand . The President . —I hive to state to the Assembly , , ' aat M . 0 . Barrot has bees empowered to form a new Ministry . Tha President of tte R ^ oubHe thea left tie As-Kmb ' y . iaccm : any with M . 0- Bsrrat , M . L . de MalleTiHe , snd other representatives . A proccsiion was afterwards formed , and the Preddint of tbe Republic wsi conducted to his official rasidfece . the Palsce of the Elyaee National , eidatmt EIjs ; e Bourbon . THS NEW MTSI 3 TET .

      At s ! s o ' ol ? ck on Wednesday evening the Presidsat ef tbelXatUnal Assembly received the follow-SDgme- ? seefron the President of the Repablic : — 1 M . le Fresidtnt , I re quest you to announce to the Xatir-cal Assembly , that in confonnitv with Article Cicf the Gonstitation , IhsYe by a decres of this day . ranjec * :-3 J . Odilbn Barrot , Minuter of Jistice , charged with t " -e Preddancy of the C jnncil of Ministers in tha sb-ecce of tbe Presidtptof the Republic . M . Draaya ce Lhuy 3 . Minister of Foreign Affata . Ji . Lc- ^ a de Maliev ^ Ie , Minister of thelcteriar . M . Raibii'tT ? ! the M : ni 3 terof War . M . dr , Tra ; = r . Minister of the Marina and Colonies . M . Fi : ! ocs , Minister of Pablie Instraction and Worship . M . L ? , 'n Faacher . M ' nhter af Pab ! i 3 Work 3 . M . Eisia , Minister t . f Aaticaltare .

      < iJ . Pa ;» y ( Hjppolite ) Mini « ter of Finalises . ' Acc ^ t Monsiecr la President , tbe aswrance of By tijh considerat'OD . ' LOCIS NAr . LEDHBjSlPiSTS . ( Coantardgned ) * Oduxos Bahbot , Minister of Justice . ' A decrea aopeartd in tha Kositeur cl Thuriday . noDimticg Miiahal Bugcaud commander-ia-chief of tt » Army of ths Alps . Another decree nominates Genera ! Chasgarair commander ti the first miii * tary division , which includes ail the rein ' ar troops quartered in ih ^ de : ar mtnt of the Seine , aa well as ihe Xa-i . - . na Guard cf that depwtir . ent . and tha Gard- ? Mob'la- Ar other decree anprints G--losel S ^ be ? : l-, t Prefect of P . iUce . M . R- curi has resigned tis oiSie o { the P .-efeeta'e of ths Sains M . EtieDDe Anr-. Director-licneral of tie Post Office , has also I £ 5 ict . ed .

      _ PiRis Fddsy . —It is expected that the new diefetrj sill communicate its programme to the Chambsr on Tnssday Etxt . By decrees iesa ^ d yesterday , the President i-f the Rtpiblie has made the fo ' . lowing appointments : —M Birncae , representatiTe of the people , to bi P . o ; areu-. Giteral at the Court ef Appei ! of Paris ; M- Bcrger , repr-: seatative ef the P 53 ple , mayor of the Eeoond arrondisement , to be Pref € ct of the Sei&c ; M . Amedee Thayer , nr mber of tha nsnn c 5 psd cimmlssioa . wounded in the dajg of Jan ? at the head of hh bittsiion , to be Diracto--Orceral of the Post Office ; M . Dabosfe , lata administratrr of tbe P <* t OSee . to be reinstated in He fnictiens . By a decree of tbe Minuterof the Ioterier * Iso dated yesterday , he aames M . Castaudet , advocate , fi \ k chief of his cabinet .

      Pabb Tcejdat . —Mr Odil ! on Barrot opened the proc ^ dTjjs of the d ay by reading , as Presidentof tbe Council a paper which proTed to bsa dec'arati > n cf the principles of the Cabinet . The paper in qucgthS made bat slight referenca to foreign politics , vhich were pa = eed over by a general declaration of the inconvenience that would atterd allusions to nEgociatioca that had been orened , and which were only in progress . He wou'd premise , however , that Fiance woald not rashly eoRage ber word , and tbat what Eha pledged herself to utrdertake should te cirried out The document tureed almost exclueiiely on the internal situation of the country—upon

      the Eewssity of restoring confidence by establishing material aid moral ordfr . and placing on an indestructible bash tha Republic they had Lunded and fottld iffifm . Order , he said , should t » maintaiEed , even to the extent of restoring order to the mind . Disorder should be crushed , for on no other condition «» nM sreiety be restored . Cocfidecoe , labour , in-Isstry , ail depended upaa it . He said that tha go-Verouent would revive &sd enooarsge the spirit of R »« ilUon by individuals for theeieculiou of pnblic epterprires . This promise , which implied a renonciation ofthedoctiineoftheRcpubiican party rel » « Te to the resumption of railways and the intetkreoce cf the S ? atewas Joudlv lau (? ed .

      , app M . L ° dra Rdlin then race to put some interpel * « aoni to the government with respect to the inili-~* 7 powera conferred upon General CJungarnier , wmmander-in-Chief of the National Guard of f ais , acd of the first military division . He was uwested , M . Ledru Rollin taid , with power con" fJ to the Conititution and to the law of 1832 . » J tha powers given to him , General Changaraier was irrespoceible . and would become dangerous to the Arties of the Stale .

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      M . Odil ! na Barrot replied that the Minister of War , an I tha whole Cabinet , took upon thenuelves the responsibility of the . granting of thpse powers A » » e » pest « d tbs question of -legality , M . Barrot made some lenRthesed remarks , which were Jrequently interrupted by tho party of the Mountain Ue defendtd the measure itself . He defended U on the groundi of the necessity nf placing an effioient power m the hapds of one effioient person at a neriod when an agitation existed which might still ba dangerous t" » society . The Aesemb ' y passed to the order sf the day . m . / ii rasWTB KLKCTION . Tnefollowng w the final state of the poll , as addressed by tha Conmittee of the Assembly to ths MoKirntra : — Number of Voters in the 86 departments

      not includin ? Alftiers ; 7 440 711 Number of vote , expressed ^ Z 5 S Majori ty of votes exprassed 3 713127 LouiB Napoleon Bonaparte 5 531520 rfWfV 1 448 302 Ledru-Roll . a 371 . ** sml 36 , 95 i | £ martiae W . 914 Caangirmer 4 qm Divers vote 3 , '" .... 12 431

      1 , i 2 & 252 Unconstitutional vatea „„ ' 23219 Total as above 7 . 449471 «• Napoleon Bonaparte has been coaimis&ioned by the President to annouDoa to the courts of Bn » - sals and the Hague the installation of th > President . He will then proceed to London where he wiil make the same eomraun : c » Hon , and wtere he will continue as Minister of the Republic . One of the motives vt h . l ^? Z ° Prompted this mf tsnre is tha stron g paliticsl diff rsnee which exists batweenM . Napoleon Bonanarta and his cousin . M . Napoleon Bonsparte has been always closely connected with the ultrademocratic party , to which tha President of the R-. pubho is decidedly opposed . To avoid , therefore , the

      manifestation of disiennon in the family , M . Napoleon Bonaparte takes an embassy . ¦ 7 l ^ x ? Jerom 9 Bonaparte , uncle of toe Pre . pident § f the RepubUc , has been appointed Gwerno of the IcvahdtB , in the place of Manhal Moliter who is named Grand Chancellor of the Legion of Honour . The Rkfokmb contains the fMowing information 1 A CABINET C 0 TJKC 1 L tJSDSH MDIS SiPCLKCN BOXaI

      PARTS . 1 The pol ' cy of the President of the French Republic is about to be vigorously traced out . France fa ta be made to return to the Eorapeaa concert , onfc of which she was taken by the resolution of Feb . ruary . A Ho ' y AUianca was agree ! upon the day before yesterday D .-o . 24 'h , in a counsi ! nf minister ' s held three days after the installation of M Louh Napoleon Bonaparte . This Holy Alliance hsa for its object to reestablish the Pooe on his legitim&te throne , by the force of French , Austrian , asd Neapolitan bsyanetB . It would be proposed immedwtely to the Austrian Government , and to the K'ng of Napltg . Such is the decision that was taken yesterday in a council of ministers under the Presidence of Loni 3 Napoleon Bonapartethe fact

      ; h ena » anteed to u * by persons worthy of faith , and we coald even name the hi gh persona-eg of the day wha have committed the indiscretion of rovealing it . France , Austria , acd the King of Naples , will restore his Hoiioess th 8 Pope a ? temporal prince . The three protecting powers will keep a't ? rnaWy garrisons at Rome : France is to furnish the first garrison . Coamentaries are useless . France , directed by the nephew of the Emperor Napoleon , nuking alliance with revolutiwary Austria . Rtained with Wood and fii'h , with the Bnurbon of Naples , worthy fnend of Austria , to establish a sovereign on his throne , an * to mcrz ' e a people who have da-ed to cry ' Liberty and indec endence . ' The fact sreaka alond . It 13 such ss dared not have entered tb . 9 he » d of LouiB PhiUppe . '

      The Patrib denies tha truth of this statement . The Bien Pebuc , which was the organ of M . de L ^ martine , having ceased to appear , tbio two prinoi . pal editors . MM . Peliatan and A . de la Guerronulere , have joined the Prksse . On Sunday a military review took place , which wag attended by tha President . Notwithstanding the eo'dress of the weather , the rappd * as generally responded to , and by half-paet eight all the legions were assembled in the positions previously set apart for them . The troops collec ' ed in their respective positions at a somewhat earlier hour . At one o ' clock the filing off had terminated , and everything passed eff in the most admirable order .

      PKRSKCDTIOS OF TflE DSiliCBATg . M . Valleton . described as a student , wa ? cnavictad by default before the Court of A'siza of Paris , on Friday last , of having reopened a political club w > . ich hid bsen closed by the authorities . Ha was sentenced to imprisonment for ei ^ hi months , and to be deprived cf his civic rights daring eightyears , MM . Merlient , Valleton . Muirson , Charles Dupqiey , Henri l . ' uponey , and Bonchier , were next tried—the firgt for having delivered a speech at tte Clab of the Rua de Charonne , in which he insulted re'igirn and morality , and ! he others for aiding and absttiuz him . M- Merlienx was sen ' enced . by default , to imprisonment fnr fifJetn months , and to pay a fine of two thousand francs The others were sentencsd to imprisonnient for periods varying from two ti thrae month * , and to pay fines varying in amount from tt ; o hundied to two thotmed franca .

      TDK BED BEFDBLIC . A batqnet of French , German , and other foreign S ciaUst Democrats took place on Sunday at the Bsrriere du Maine : 450 persons were present , and amongst then were fifty ladies . No representatives attended . There were inscriptions to Barbee , B ! anqui , Messsnhanser , Albert , Blum , Raspail , Louis Blanc , Caussidiere , and Courtai ? , and in the centra was written Vive la Rf pablique Demccratiqae et Sociale . ' The toasts were given in tha following or « der : * To France , the focus of light—to the holy alliance of nation ? , ' by M . Alpuhn , a German ; ' To democratic Geranny , 'by M . Leger ; 'Tothe intelbotasl and material alliance ofFranoa and Germ-iny , ' by M . Heverdet ; ' To Robespierre , Couthon , StJJast . and a'l their successors . ' This toast was reponded to by loud crioa of' Garm ^ ny for ever !' The universal Reoublic for ever ! ' M . Kowinifei

      proposed a tonst « To the memory of those win died defending the Demccraticand Social Republic ( tha insurpentsof Jane ) , and to the return of those who are snffiring for it . ' M . Albert Maurin gav ? , ' Re-TJlatitmary msaiures ; * M . Hes 3 e , Traiquility snd a rasific propaganda ; ' M . Harve , ' Our German brethren , aad to ? 1 ! martyrs whom they hava left on the road of liberty . ' Several speeches were delivered . M . Kopper , a German , recommended the French and German democrats to unite and to act against tha < ommon enemy . ' Aa they have trampled on the dead b dies of onr brother ? , ' said ha , < we must trample ' n theirs , for a revolution cannot be complete until latisfaction be given to the entire nation . ' This speec i wa 3 received with immense p . pplau e . M . Rapoli , an Italian democrat , protested against a Frensh intervention to crush tbe progress cf democracy in bis country . After some patriotic itngs the mte'ipg separated .

      GERMANY . THE G 2 CUAK PABLUMSKT . M . Yon Gagern ( late President of tbe Assembly ) has bi en appointed President of the Council of Ministers . Toe programme of the new minis ' . er has excit ? H general disapprobition . PRUSSIA;—Tne Attoraey General is busily , employed in C ' . 'lacting evidence against those members of the late Nattocpl Assembly who took Dteps to pub lUh in the provinces the resolution of the Assembly resoecHriz the non-paymeat of taxes . BAVARIA . —A journeyman tailor at Munich , who i 7 S 8 the editor of a journal entitled , Lei these be Light , was arrested on the IStb , and U to be brought to trial for high treason , with the editor of another joutn&l not yet arrested . The tailor was at the head of an association of workmen . AUSTRIA is in a stats of fioanoial crisis from which there see ™ to be ne prospect ef escape .

      The Wisser Zinuso slates that Fracz Fiz ' s , of Silesia , aged 54 yeari , has been sentrnoad to twelve years' imprisonment , fnr participating in an armed riot ; and that Fracz Nolle , of Styria , in the artillery , has been condemned to eight years' hard labour , in heavy irons , at the fortifications , for desertion , and participation in the revolt . The same pepar contains the following particulars respecting the property of the ill-fated Me-senhaaeer : As various erroneous reports are in circulation whion are inserted both in the national and foreign journals respfc ing the property ot Herr Meseenhanser , we

      give the following authentic particulars from an authentic source , which will show the actual state of the case- It appears from tha wall of MeEeenhajser , which has betn published by our magistrates , that he left 200 guilders in csth in the hands of the ma gistratea , besides linen , wearing apparel , books , and literary works . Among the latter is , 'A Tale of Antiquity , ' in 10 to ! s ; a romance , 'The Modern Argonauts ; ' and a drama in five acts , ' Gold has its Weight . " These works are all in manuscript , and are complete . There are also various unfinished literary productions , tfee ralae ef which will be decided bv some future historiographer .

      . ' According to the latent intelligence from Galioia , the fostered animosity between the PoliaH and Lu tbenian races is more violent than ever . It is now dear that tha Austrian government rely upon the latter for doine—in essa of another Polish insurrection—the sanguinary work which tha GaUcian peasants gome time ago performed , and now bitterly

      THE WAR IN HUNGARY . ( From tha correspondent of the Tints . ) Viehha Die . 17- —Colonel FrigcheiBen saade on tbe 11 th a diversion sgaintt tbe insureent traopa in h s front , and obtained considerable advantage over them , while Field-Marstal Lieutenant Count Charles Schlick took ( osesslen of the towns of Eperiea and " On the 14 th inst . General Sloonich attacked the defiei of JabloaiUwd compelle d the Magyar forces

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      to throw themselves into Tjrnau . Accounts . from vrnaa tothal'Tihmst ., state that the iSsnrgent Msgyars , after having retired before the approach of Mineral Simonioh ' s corps , arid made good their rere * , to Sz « ed , wtre considerably reinforced from retbur ^ and reshted the march of the imterial trojpB neir Tyrnau ; General Simonich . attacked io !? - .. eir poaWon " 8 at fonr o ' clock p . i » .,-on the 16 . li mat ., and beat thsra , after an en'aeement of two hop' duration . ' Tho Magyars lost fiva pieces of artillery , one standard , 766 pritonerr and fortyhree horses . The setting in of night prevented tho imperial troops from following up their advantage . The corps of General Simonich took possession of the

      csty of Tyrnau wd its environs . Field-Marshal the Prince WindiHchgra « x comm « nced , on the 16 ; h , a general rieonnoismnee from his camps at Brack , on the Lslther and ? tellankirehen . He extended hia troops , conBiitingofthe 1 st corps of the army and the . reserve carps , tin all sides , and offered the Magyars battle , which they refused to lake , but retired on all points . The defense of two villages was indeed attempted , bat it was given up after a smartish oannonade from the imperial artillery . A brigade of hors 9 was puthed againBt the email town of Banmun , whereupon the Magyars quitted the place , and made good their retreat to Uungarian-Altenburg , and tha imperial trcops eeiz 3 d upon Essimizhof and Rittise .

      Field- Ma , rBhal PriRce Windigchgrafz advanced his outposts on the right bs » nk of the Danube , opposite toPreBburg , on the 17 th . The left bank of thst river « as occupied by another cotdj , which , without meeting with any resistance , had taken possession of Stampfin ; the outposts were pushed olese to the fortifications of Presburg . From the army bulletins Ve extract the following additional particulars : —On the 16 th , a detathmert of troops took by storm the little town of Volka Bradersdorf ( where twenty-eight Magyar soldiers , including two officers , were captured ) , and then

      marched to ; Klingenbacb . The Magyar troops who retired before Windiscbgr&fz . fell baok on Wieselbur , On th 9 l 6 : b . tbe head quarters of the Ban of Creatia were at the Rasimer farm-house , near Altenburg . He had previeusly driven the left flank of the Magyars b « - yocd Zurndorf in the direction of the NauiBidler L » ke . On the 17 'h , the second army corps ( under Lieutenant : Field-Marshall Wthner ) were to cross the March , attack Nendorf , and advance over the heights towards Presburg , wfiht the main body ad vaoeed alorg tha right bank of the Danube towards Eueenau . ¦

      Letters fram Agmm , of the 12 th , slate that Pesth journals of the 8 ; h assert that the Hungarian Diet has denounced as traitors all persona who acknowledge the new Emperor of Austria as King of

      Hungarj . ( From the Daily News . ) We have accounts from Vienna to the 19 th , but no coLfirroation of tha victories claimed in the army bulletins to which we referred yesterday . In fad , recording to the Nkcb Rhkiskche Zkiiunq of Cologne , ; letters from Teeeben , which arrived in the Austrian capital at the above date , positively aistrt , that Friescheisen , instead of having , a 3 officially reported , gained a brilliant viotory at Sillein , was driven across the frontiers into Austria Proper , with the loss of maty cannon ? . It is announced in the 6 ame journal , that Presbarg has not been taken . Tne Wibnbs Zsrceso complains of tha sympathy felt here and there for Kossuth . *

      ( Frors the Morning Chronicle . ) Advices from Vienna of the 19 ; b , fully confirm the fall of Presburg , The National Gaard laid down their arm ? , and the Magyars withdrew . The latter purposed it is said , making a stand at Raab . Letters from Pancrowa state that the Hungarians had attacked the head camp of the Servians , and taken it by storm . The Hungarians were preparing to cross the Drave , with the intention of bombarding Legrad . Accounts from Herrmanstadt state tbat the Hungarians had evacuated Transylvania . Kabliz * , the self installed King of the peasants of Bukowina , has been taken prisoner . Later accounts from the army of Windieongra ^ z state tbat hi 3 troops had suffered greatly from cold and privation . Several picquets had been frrz 3 n to de&ih . The suocess of his invasion of Hungary wa 3 considered doubtful .

      ITALY . Rome . —The RisoEownsTO of Turin publishes in its number ef the 10 a lost , the text of the decree of the two Chambers of the 11 th inst , provisionally depriving the Pope of temporal power . It is as fellows : — ' The two Chambers sanotioned the following decree , proposed by ! ha commission of five , . with the assent of the ministry : —A commission of three persons shall be elected , fir the purpose of carrying on the government in the absence of the Executive powers . The members of this committee shall be elected by the Chambers from persons not forming part of them , acd by an absolute majority . This commission shall exercise , in the name of the Pope , all the fuDctions of the executive power . It shall discontinue ita functions on the return of the Sovereign Poniiff , or when he shall himself appoint , sccording to constitutional forms , a government destined te replace it .

      Drc . 12 —T * day the commission his been named in the persons of tbe three seaators ( lord mayors ) of Rom ? , Bologna , and Ancona , who will forthwith enter on their functions , and meet at the Quirinal palace . It new beccaeB a matter of small importance what may be the future resolves of the pilgrims or prisoners of Gaeta . As long as the cardinals can contrive to forego the luxuries Of life which the stoppage ot their salaries ( 4 , 000 doll ra eaohannuailj ) will cnt jhorr , so long , and no longer , will these functionaries persist in their opposition to the unanimous determination of the Roman laity , town and provinces . It will take gome time to oonvince them tbat this is na dogmatical , or polemical , or canonical controversy , but a mere matter of secular busices ; and as goon as they open their eyes to tbat simple fact their arrival may b 9 looked for at the gates of the Roman treasury .

      Dec . 14—We are now returned to th 3 government of the Triumvirs , viz , Prince Comni , with the gonfaloniers of Ancona and Bologna , after a lapse of 2 . 50 O jears . Everything is in the utmost calm . Tha speculations of French and other jownalj as to R : me being the theatre of rapine , slaughter , and every imaginable disaster , are quite melancholy delusions . The Irish papers are pecnlittvly insane , and miserably ignorant as to facts . But this is not wonderful . The French flotilla is off Civita Vecchia , bat creates no alarm here .

      The following , it is said , are the conditions en which the Pope will consent to return to Rome : — Recognition of the commission named by him . Dismissal of the Ministry . Dissolution and re formation of the Civic Guard . Momentary suspsnsion of the liberty of the press . The N . SZIONALE cf the 18 th says , that since the flight of tho Pupa , the Roman population eagerly demand to be called od , by universal suffrage , to recbmoose the political powers which should govern them under present circumstances ; and that if these wishes are not complied with , and an ARserably of Representatives elected by universal snfivaze convoked , disunion will assuredly show itaalf in the provinces . Pikbmoni . —The Gioberti ministry have published their programme , in which they declare that Italian independence cannot be achieved without war .

      UNITED STATES . shs peesidest ' s message . Tbe Message was presented to CoBgresg on the 5 lh isstant . The document commences by reference to IHB POLITICAL CONVOLJIONS OP THE KDE 0 PBAN COKTINBKT . In reviewing the grant events of tbe pant year , and contrasting tbe agitated and dlitaibcd state of other countries with our own traoquil and happy conditlen , wa ma ; congratulate ourcelves that we ore tho mo *> favsurod psople on the face of the earth . While the people of other countries are struggling to establish free Institutions , un 4 er which man may govern himself , ire are in the aciual enjoyment at them—a rich Inhcrl'ance

      from onr fathers . Whilo Heightened nations of Europe are convulsed and distracted by civil war or intestine strife , we settle all our political coairo 7 e « iea by the peBoefal exerche of the rights of freenuu at the ballotbox . The great r : publican maxim , bo decp ' y engraven on tho hearts of our people , that the will of tin majority , constitutionally expressed , shall prevail . Is our euro safe guard against forco end violence . It is a subject of just pr ! d 9 , tbat our fame and character as v naion continue rapidly to advenes in tin estimation of the civilised world . To our vise and fi ee Institutions it is to be attributed , that while other nations ravo achieved glorj at the prloe of the suffering , dUtreBS , and Impoverishment of their people , we have won our honourablo po sltioa in the mi Js < of aa uninterrupted prosperity , and of an increasing individual comfor t snd happiness ,

      The goreremeat acd people of the United State * hailed wick enthuilun acd delight the establ ishment of fneFrmoh R public , a * we now hail tbe 1 fforta In progress to unite the States of Germany la a confederation similar in can ; respects to our own federal Union . If the grsat and enl'gbteBBd Gjrman Statep , occupying m the ; do a central aad commanding poil'lon in Eur . ipp , shall succeed la establishing inch a confederated governmsnt , seeurtojf at the lame time to the citizens cf eaob Stat * local governments adopted to the peculiar condl - t : on of each , with umrestricted trade snd Intercourse wl h each other It will be an Importan t era In the history of hnnun eventt . While it will consolidate and strengthen the power of Germany , It rasst essentially promote the oaasa of peace , oommerce , civilisation and constitutional liberty throug hout the world . Alluding to the friendly connexions exlstinz batween the States and Mexico , the Message adds ,

      before THB IAK WAB WITH MIX ICO . European and other foreign powers entertained taper . feet and erroneous views of our p hysical strength as e natloa Budofeur ability to prosecute war , and especially a war waged out of our own country . They saw that our itandloj army , on ths peace eBtaWUhmtnt , did

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      not exceed ten thousand men . . Accustomed themselves to maintain , Inpbaoo , large standing armies , for the protection of th » on « , against thdr esn Eubjeots , as well , as against forofen oaomtes , th * y had not conoolved that It was possible for a nation without snob , ta army , well dlBcipllned and of long service , to wage war sucssBsfulIy . They held lu low repato onr mlHUa , and were far from regarding them as an tffcctlro ferce , unless it might be for tha temporary def » nsive operations whan invaded on oar own soil . Tke events of the lato war with M « lco have net only undeoolved thorn , bat have removed « rron « ous impressions which prevailed to ootoe titeat evea among a pirilon of our own countr jmpa . That . war ba » demonstrated that upon tho breaking out of hostilities not anticipated , anJ fur which no previous preparation

      had boen made , a volunteer army of cilixtn soldiers , equal to veteran troopi , and in nambors squal to any emergency , « an in a short period , bo brought into the field . Unlike what would have occurred in an ; other country , we w . re uuder no necessity of resorting to drafts or conscriptions . On the contrary , suoh was tbe number of volunteer * who patriotically tendered th « lr sarvloo » , teat the ohief diffioalty was in making select ' oES ana de'ermlnlng who should b ? eisappolnted and oompolled to remaia at home . Oarcltiz » n soldlwi are unlike thoie drawn from tha population of any other country . They are oompossd Indtscrlmlaately of all professions and pursuits ; of farmers , lawyers , physicians ,

      surcbante , maohsnles , and labonrera ; aad this , not only nmong the officers , but the private soldiers in the rauks . Oar oltlzBB seldiwa are unlike those of any other county in other respeots . They are armed , and have been bo . onstomed , from their youth up , t * handle and use fire , arms ; and s Jarge proportion of them . sipeelaUy In . tbe westtrn and morenswly settled states , are sxpert murksmen . They are men who have a reputation to maintain at home by their good conduct In the field . They are Intelligent , and there ii an Individuality of character wbloh is found in the ranks of no oth « r army . In battle , each private man , as well as every offioer , fights not OHly frr his country , hut for glory and dlntlnotlon among his fellow oltiztnB when he shall return to civil Ufa .

      TBE MEW TEBBITOBIZS . The area of these several terdtorles ( Tews , New Mexico , and California ) , according to a » port carefully prepared by tbe Commissioner of tbe G # DeraI Land Office , from the most authentic information in his pos . teuton , and nhioh is herewith transmitted , oontains one million oa » hundred and ninety-three thousand and Blzty one iqoare miles , or seven hnndrfd and Mxty . three million five hundred and fifty . nine thouatmd and forty acrcB ; while the area of the remaining twenty-nine States , trad tho , tmitory not yet organised into StatcB , east of the Rocky Mountains , oontains two mlltonf , fifty .

      nino thousand five hundred and thirteen « quara miles , or thirteen hunelrtd asd etghteea million one hundred and twenty . jlx thonaand and fifty-eight acres . These esti . mattsehow thai the territories recently acquired , and over whieh our exclusive jurisdiction and dominion have bspn txtcn 3 « 3 , oonstitate a country more than half as large as all that which was . held by the United States bafore their acqalsitlon . The Mississippi , so lately the feontUr of our couatry , It now only to centre . With the addition of tbe late acquisitions , the United States are now estimtael to be nearly as large s « the whole of Europe .

      THE GOLD MINES IN CALIFO&NIA , It was knows that mines of tho precious metals existed to a considerable tstent in California at the time of its acquisition . Reoeat discoveriga rsoder it probable tbat tfceso mines are more valuable than was anticipated . The sccountB of tbe abundance of gold ia that territory are of snob , an extraordinary cbaraottr aa would scarcely command belief were thoy not corroboratad by tht authentic reports of officers In the publio irrvlce , who have ylslUd the mineral district , and derived tbe facts which they detail from persona' observation ; Reluctant

      to credit the nports in general escalation as to the quan . Ut ; of gold , the offiacr oommaocMng our forces In Call , fornia vieited the mineral district in July last , for tbe purpose of obtaining accurate Information on th « jubj « ct . When' he visited the couatry , there were nbout fonr thousand persons engsged In collecting gol = l . There is every reason to believe that the number of persons so employed has eiaso bees augmented . Tho eiploratiorts already made warrant the belief tbat tho ' supply U very Urge and thut gold is found at various places in on ox . taas ' . Vd district 0 ' the country .

      That wa may the more speed ly and fully avail our . selves of the undeveloped wealth of there mine ; , U Is ^ e » Hied " of vest imponanoe that a branch of tbe Mixt of tha Unltei ! States bo authorised to be established , at your preaeat session , la California , Among other signal advantages which would result from Bnch an eitabllshment would be that of railing tfce valae of gold to its-par valu-i In that territory . A branch mint of the United States at the great commercial depot on the west csast would conr » rt into oar oirn oofn not only tho gold de . rived from our own rich mines , but aUo the bullion and ipeoie which onr commerce may bring from the whole w * st coast of Central and South America . The west const of America ond the adjment interior embrace tbe richest and fecit mines of M ? iic \ New Granada , C : ntral America , Chill , and Peru . The bnl'lon and specie

      dra ^ n from these conntrlna , aad especially from tbose of Western Mexico and Pere , to aa amount In value of many millions of dollaro , aronow annually dlrerted and carried by the ships of Great Britain to her own ports , to be rocoined or used to sustain her national bank , nnd thus contribute to increase her ability fo comitand so much of the oommwee of ths world ,- If a branch mint b * established at the great commercial point upon thai coast , a vaBt amount ef bullion tnd specie would flow thither to ha recoined , and piss thence to New Orleans , New Yjrk , and other Atlantic titles T ^ e amount of our oonstllutlonel currency would be greatly increased , wh'le its circulation would be promoted . ; It is well known to our merchants traiing to China and the vrcat coast of America , that great inconvenience and loss are eipsrienewl from tho fact that our coini aro not current at their par valu" In those ooantrlcs .

      The p » wors of Europe , far rtraeved from the west coajt of America by the Atlantic octon which intervenes , anil by a tediom and dangerous navigation around the eoalhcrn cape of the continent of Amerioa , can never suaieufuljoomp-te with the United SKtes In the rich and extensive commerce which is opened te us at bo much less cost by the acquisition of California . The establiehaent of r . guhr Government in the new territories is urgently recommended . The message then proceedB to deal with the question of

      BtlVEBY III TBE NEW TEESITOSUB The qaestioa is believtd to bo rather abstract than practical , whether slavery ever can orwouH exist in any portion of the acquired territory , even If it were loft to tha option of the shvs . holdlng States themselves . From the nature of the cllmata end prodactions , in mnca tte larger portirm of it , it is certain it ooultt never exist ; and in tbe remainder , the probneiliilea are it woald no-. Bat bo » re ? er this may be , the question , la . volving , as it does , a principle of equality of rights of the separate and several States , as equtl co-partners in the confederacy , should not be disr « garded .

      If Congress shall abstain from interfering with tte question , th » people of these territories will bo left free to cdjust it as they may think proper when they apply for admlsBi « "i as Sates Into > he Uuiou . No oaactment ' of Congress could restrain the people ef any of the sovertlgn States of the Union , old er new , north or south , nlaveholding or nonflaveboldinif , frsm determining the coaraoter of their own domestio Institutions as tbe ; ma ; deem nhe and proper . Any and all tho States pobsobs this right , and Congress cannot deprive them of it ,

      If Congress shall now reverse the decision by whltb the Missouri compromlsew&s iff jcted , aad shall proposu to extrnd the restriction over tbe whole territory South «» wall as North of tho partlicl cf tMrty . Bix degrees thirty minutes , it will caaso to be a Qompromls . " , and s > u < t be regardsd as an original question . P / CangrejB is tarneftly Invoked , for tke sake of tho Union , ita harmony , nnu eur o . mtinaed prosperity as a nation , te adjust at its present session this , the only question which lbs in our path . The Message then speaki

      of—INDIAN EUTUBBAKCKS IH OEKGON . Tl e immediate and only cause of the existing hoBtili i yo tbe Indians 0 ) Oregon is represented to have been tho long delay of tbe Uaited States in making to them some trifling compvnaation , in bucU . articles as they wan'ed , for tbe oosntry now occupied t-y eur cml-Rrcnts . whleh the Indians claimed , and over which they formerly roamo <* . This cjmpenjation had been pro . raised to them by the temporary government established iuOngon , bat its falSmeut baBbeen [ ouponcd from

      time to time , for nvarly two years . The Indians beca < ue at length distrustful of ihelr good faith , and sought redress and plunder and mass-cre , whloU finally led to the present difficulties , In this Indian war our fellow oitlzsng of Oregon , feeing compelled to tato the fi ^ ld i-s . their own defence , hevo performed valuable military services , and been subjected to expenses whleh have fallen heavily upon thera , Justico demands that provieion should ba made bj C ngrtss to compensate them for thtlr Swixices , end refund to them the neoeoearj xp ; nies which tfeey hav « incurred ,

      I repeat therecommendfttion heretofore made to Congrog ? that provliion be mada for the appointment of a suitable number ef IadUn agents ta reside among tho tribes of Oregon , and that a Btnill tun be appropriated to e « able these agents to oul > ivate friendly rolatieni with them . If this be done , tha presence of a small rail ! . tary force will ba all that is neoeasary to keep them in check , and preserve peaco . The Treasury report is very sstiafaotorj , The total imperta were 154 , 977 , 876 dollars ; the ex . port » , 154 , 632 , 131 dullara . Tha Twanury receipts were 85 , 757 , 070 dollars ; the expenditure , 42 , 811 , 970 dollars . It i » calculated tbat tbe roceipts of tho year tnd ' ng in Juno 1819 will be 57 048 , 909 dollars , aad tbempensea 54 , 195 , 275 dollars , leaving s balance of nearly 3 , 009 , 000 dollars after paving tke Mexican contribution .

      The tariff his b en successful b » yond even lie hope of ( ts friends . The revsnuo , for the iwen y-two monfta 't has been in opt-ratlon , was 56 , 661 , 568 dollars ; 0 larger sum than was ev « r received in the like time before , though oomnerco receives the benefit of greatly reduced duties . The public debt h&s been reducod to 63 , 778 , 450 dollars . ' It te our true policy , and la harmony with tbe genius of our institutions , that we should present to the world the njjipectaolo of a great republic , poiseaslng

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      vsst resources and wealth , wholly exempt from publlo Indebtedness , ' ' The PoBt Qffioe revenues constantly Intr ; a 3 s : tbe mileage of its duty has increased fifK'en percent ., yti ItB expenses have bwn rsducod moro *>> n flfjeen per c < ml . If thosume favourable advsrice continue , postftges may be redaood to a uaif ^ rm ohar ge of five cents , and yet pay . the charg&s of tlie eatabllabment . Theatateofthe naval and military forces ? , —tr ? afcies wiVh the , Indiana , and othwr subjeotB , follow the above . .. Tho Message then reviews the Dreaent

      condition of the oountry , which is said to be' Bimilar in Borne respects to that which existed iramediately after the close of the war with Great Britain in 1815 . ' This leads to a retros peotive review of the measures of public policy which followed that war , This review , which embraces the subjects of ' bankisg , ' 'debt , ' ' a protective tariff , " internal improvements ; the veto , ' &o ,, &o ,, ia . of immenie length . Many passages ! are of great interest , and for snch we shall try to find room in our next number . Fur the prosent we must bring this abstract to a

      CONOICSION . Daring the period I have adralnlotored the executive department cf tbu govurnment , great and important questions of publio policy , foreign and domestic , have arisen upon which it was my duty to act . It may indeed be truly said that my administration has fallen up n aventful times . ¦ Ifeave felt most sensibly the weight of the high responsibilities devolved sptn me . With 00 other object tbaa the public good , tho enduring famo , and permanent prosperity of my country , I kav » pursued the omlctlons of my own b * s » juflgmeat . Tbe Impartial arbitrament of pablio op ! nU < D , prcs » nt and future , will determine haw . far ths public policy I have maintained , end the measures I have from time to time rocommended , may have tended to advance or retard tbe public prosperity at hone , and to elevato or depress the estimate of our national character abroad .

      Invoking the blessings of tho Almighty upon your deliberations at your present ioeporiant Beeslon , my ardent hope is , that in a spirit of harmony and concord , you may be guided to wise rcsulto , and such as may rtdound to tbehapplnesp , the honour , and the itlor ; of our belovod country . Jams * K , Pole , Washington , December Stb , 1848 ,

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      THE ASSASSINATIONS IN NORFOLK . Wimondham , Dkc . 22 jd . —A writ of habeas corpuB having been obtained , the prisoner Rush was on Thursday taken in oastody . from Norwioh Castle t 3 Stanfield Hall , tbat he might be present during the examination before the magistrates of the wounded servant girl , EHz * Chostney . Eliza ChestBey , beisg STrortf , said : I am 26 years of age . I have a clear recollection of all the oircumstances of the night of the 26 to ot Nov . About eight o ' clock in the evening I was sitting with the cook in the servant ' s hall , when I heard the report of a sun , which I supposed to have been caused by one of the servants , In a few seconds afterwards I heard another report of a gun . I got up aad went down the passage towards

      the hall and butler ' s pantry , intending to ask tbe bntler what was the matter . Before I could do so I met Mrs Jenny , looking dreadfully wild . She said , 'Watson ( butler ) , Watson , El . z » , go to Mr Jert&y . ' I said , 'For God's take what is the matter ? ' She continued saying Go to Mr Jermy , ' I then threw my arm round her wai 9 t nnd with tha other took her hand . I said , 'My dear mistress what is the rratter . ' I returned along the passage with her , and I observed , ' For God ' s sake , dontgo . ' She never spoke , but looked at mo wildly . When wa got down to the . door of tho sta ' roaae hall , I Baw my master , Mr Isaac Jermy Jermy lying on his baok on the Boor , and then saw a man coming from tho dining room . When 1 first saw him be appeared to

      be about a yard out of the dining room door . I oould distinctly Bee the head and shoulders , but not tbe face or features . The light hung at his bulk . He apoeared to have upoa his right shoulder a short gun of pistol . I distinctly aaw him level it , and instantly after I wan shot , and in a second afterwards another Bhot vra ? fied . I baw distinctly my mistress ' s arm wounded . I then fell to the ground , having been Bhot in tho thigh . My mistress left me and ran along tke pissa ^ e up stairs . I twisted round several times before I fall , I then gave two or three violent shrieks , and Baid , ' I am goir > R to die . ' I call * 3 out , 'Willno one e&mp . near me ? ' Misslsabell * Jermy passed cue , and she must have gono by tho man at the doorway in ths ball . James Wataon

      then came out of his pantry . Ha said . ' Lord bave mrrcy upon us , what 18 tho mftttor ? ' I said , ' Watson , Ism shot' He said , 'Can't you move ? ' I said , ' No , don ' t touch me' I remembered no more until I hoard aome one ohout three times , ' Whsro are you shot ? ' This was et the bottom of the staircase . I Bpread my hand over my wound . . Some ono then said , ' Poor thing , poor tiling , did too see him . ? ' I said , ' Yes , It was Rush . ' I mean that man ( pointing to tbe prisoner ) . The man I saw in tho hall had neither hat not cap on , nor had he any . thing that disguised tbe shape of the head . The form cf the head wa 3 flit on the top and bushy , apparently set out round the head . He bad wido shoulders . It seamed to be hair round the head . It

      was hair and I saw it distinctly . 1 ehonld thiok he wag about tfcree or four yards from me when he levelled the Run at me , but I cannot speak positively . Directly I fell , I am quite sure I heard some person pass me besides Miss J * rmy . It w ^ a my . conviction at the time , and is eo still , that the person I oaw in . tho ball who shot at me is . tho prisoner Rush . I had seen him several times beforo that night . Hisdres 9 appeared to bo dark , but I speak more particularly to tbe head and shoulders I was Bhcwn a wig by Jfr Ifcnry IlubberBty , ' a super intendent of police , some day last week , llubberaty put it on , and it brought dearly and distinctly to my mind the fovm of the head of the man who shot me . I should like to see it put on the prisoner .

      The wig , it will be remembered , was discovered lying at the top of a box in a oloset in tho prisoner ' s bedroom at Potash-fam . It has a profusion of long curled black hair , and attached to it is n wide baud of bushy hair , which almost eove-s the lower part of the face . Rush was here atlircd in the wig whioh considerably concealed his features , and tbe cloak . Eiizi Gheatney lo-ked at the prisoner and his disguiee attentively , and then said—My impression is , tbat the man cow before me resembles both in height and size , atd form of the Let > d , the man who shot mo . If the room was darkened , and a candle put bahind the prisoner , I might probably be able to speak more positively , but I am satisfied as it is . The prisaner Rush then proceeded to cress-examine tbe unfortunate woman : —I observed nothing elee About the bead but what I have stated . I eould gee the whole of his h ( ad and shouldoi s- I was standing by the side of tbe sfoirca » o-hal ] . He did not give

      me time to observe more than his head and shoulders , and the light being at his back I oould not notice him bo particularly . I had not time to examine carefully whethtr you had a cloak on , My master was lying in the atairca&e-haU on the m » t by the door , I cannot say whether there was a light in tho hall ; there was one in the dinisg-room . I do not know how the dining-room waB li g hted up , but it was as usua ! : I cannot iay poiitivaly whether I heard of any guns being t&ken from Potash Farm , but I think I heard of one , 1 do cot recollect hearing if it was a long guo 01 a short gun . I have said all along thattho mar , I eaw in the hall had neither hat nor cap on . If I had had tiae , of course , I cou'd have distinguished tho devss the uan hud on ,. but , perhaps , not the features . I told Mr Wilson ( tho magistrate ) who took my fust deposition , that the man had neither hat nor cap on . You were in tbe room when I taid so . I was not thea asked to

      describe the miiu ' d head . I did not observe the wm&kera , but the form of the head . I Tee ! sure that the mas I saw in tho hall pw : 3 ? d me , but 1 did not ace him . Re-examioeil by thu magistrates . —When I was examined hy Mr Wilson , on the evening oi tho 29 th of N camber , I was in great agony . I never lost my sar . ses after I was brought upstairs . I / eel quite bMti that I never slid the man had either hat or cap on . I am fro , from pain now . I was brought up stairs about two houts after I was shot . At the cbse of this examination Rush was removed , strongly guarded , to a fly , and waa quickly convevf d to his old quarters at Norwich Castle . Mr * Jermy and her maid , Eliza Chestney , are pronounced by their medkal attendants to be going on favourably .

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      Free Tbadb . —The progress of Free Trade principle ? , and the carrying out of measures connected therewith , are , r-s prognosticated , beginning to tell feaifully upon the trade and property of Lincoln . Tbe price which farmers ara now obtaining for their corn is so low that they are compelled to exercise the most rigid economy , and , as a consequence , the tradesmen are not taking as much weekly as will meet their expenses . Mechauics aad labourers are deprived of work , and thore are now no less than 280 inmates of the workhouse , whereas abontsevan years ago there were only 130 . During the week before last , in Liuooln there have been two or three very serious failures , and the utmost alarm and want of confidence universally prevails . How diff , rent the realities of Free Trade from the elysium of hap . piuessand plenty promised by Cebden and Bright if the Com Laws were repealed !

      Singular Occurrbkck .-Ou Monday , morning as tho mail train upon the Newcastle and Berwick Railway was protwtding north , and whon near to CramlinRton station , a party of horned owls , being disturbed in their ro = 8 t by the ncise , made a furious attaok upon the engine and those in charge of it . The fireman , William Gilbert , while seated in a comfortable portion in the flying locomotive , was furiousl y assailed , aad before 4 he cwld discover tie onaraotsr of his fee was seriously pecked in tho face , and had one of his t « eth forced out of its place . Such an assault &t * usb n place and during the dark . was rath : r alarming , especially considering the extraordinary visage of his assailanto , when Been only by the glara of afire . One of the birds was captured , and a sturdy fellow he is . The engine driver , Edvmd Collins , is preserving him PB a cariosity .

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      TO THE PEOPLE OF ENGLAND . Lettkr IXi Felliw Cousthymbn . —Is istny duty , witbi&uch ability as I possess , now to trace tho working of Mr William Rand ' -i third and laafc remedy for our present national misfortunes ; to discover , if I oan , that thereby such an improved demand foe our taanufaotareB will ba obtained as will bring all 'he people into employment , and thus secure a deeund , at remunerating prices , for a vastly inoreREed production in agriculture .

      Mr William Rand has cot left us to conjecture what our national diseases are . They consist , he tells us , in ' that constant stream of immigration , from the rural parta of the country into the large towns and villages of the manufacturing districts . ' ' The numbers employed in agriculture being considerably fewer than they were in 1811 , notwithstanding the larjje increase in the general population of the oountry . ' ' Tho productions of agriculture being far less than the home demand requires , 1 while the productions of manufacture have , for years , exceeded the demand . ' The melancholy , but natural , results of suoh en ' . ire neglect in regulating our national productions , bo as to meet the wants ef the people , and thus secure a

      demand , are declared to be ' the most depressed condition of trade—extensive and alarmiDg social evils —the very safety of eociety , in the manufacturing dialriots , being put in jeopardy—the workhonse 3 being filled with the destitute , and the gaols with the disaffected—thousands being out of work— -hundreds upon hundreds in this locality alone ( Bradford ) , and in many other localities also , having a » ld &r pledged their liule furniture , and their dwellings being a apeotacle of raiser ? cot to be deforibed—an almost entire absence of profits—the middle olaase ? , ths shopkeepers , and other tranesnies bsins a ' most eaten up with poor rates and other burdens ! ' ' Go , ' says Mr William Rand , into almost all the various branches ot manufacturing industry , and yon

      will hard'y find any one able to get prime coat for anything , * o comp ' etely is everything sacrificed to ' cheapness . ' ' In fact' ( these are the wnrds of the seconder of Mr Cobden ' a nomination !)— ' In fact , England has set up a pod called ' Cheapness , ' and everything in the shape of industry 19 to be sacrificed to it . ' May those words be inscribed in tbe most prominent part of tho temple of that ' god '—ths Free Trade Hall in Manchester ! Mr W . Rand proceeds : « - ' Consumers , it seems , must bay cheap , ' no matter by whit means that cheapness is attained . It is considered by the poll tioal economists an unnvx ' d good , but it is a great and serious delusion . Real prosperity ooneists in all being etaptoyed , and selling the products of industry for more than the ? oosfc . '

      These latter admission ^ , from one who occupies a a peat so near tho presidential chair in the Anti-Corn Law League , are really worth a Jewess ' eye . Mr William Rand has fairly described tha natonal malady-he has not disguised the cauio , v ' z , the great disproportion in tfao produce of our different branches of industry , as compared with our wanti . Ho has a clear conception of what constitutes a healthy state of society , i . e , ' All being employed , and selling the produota of industry fur more than they coBt . ' Mr William Rand is one of those , also , who believe that it is the duty of the Legislature to make buou regulations ss wiil iff-ct our national regeneration , for he will not allow it to be Baid , ' that oauses wbich put sooiety in peril are beyond the

      reach of legislation . ' The question is , has Mr William Rand proposed the proper remedies ? Hitherto I have failed to discover the neces-ary ingredient—increase , in his prescriptions . I will return to their examination . Will ' Free Belling as well as free buying , or Free Trade , fully and fairly carried out , ' remove the ' cheapness' to which Mr WilUam Rand objectB ? Will it give employment to all ? Will it find a demand for all their productions in agriculture as well as in manufacture , at pricea' higher than they Mat , a ' -. ' owing a fair and just remuneration , in wages , to the labourers and artiaans employed therein . If bo , All hail ! Frea Trade . That question I will now strive to solve .

      Necessarily , the first operation , uader this proposed arMDgoment , wiil ba , the abolition of every custom house , preventive station , and exciae-offioe —the abandonment of every duty on imports , exports , exoiaa , lioame ? , and such stamps as are now required in buying and Belling land , buildings , shares , and other property < The immediate discharges of every person now employed in connexion vri'h those duties will follow aj . a natural consequince . Whether for good or for evil , this is a giant's

      stride . Snob , immense changes mu-it involve great questions , and unsettle the relative positions of great national intflre » t * . Tbe Chancellor of the Esohequet and the fundholders will , undoubtedly , feel somewhnt uncomfortable when these measures are enforced . T&ojo parties I , at present , leave to meet Mf Wm . Rand ' s proposal as bert they can . My pressnt oare it , to wahsh the operation of this remedy on a class &f national creditors , whose just claims can never be rejected without danger to the State—I mean the labourers .

      In the changes just mined , I discover no increase . Grunted , there is an anuual diversion of a very Isrge oapital into a new cjurte . Its employment in future i 3 not denned . A capitil iqual in amount will be required from Boma other source , or Mr William Rar : d would bave shown that a smaller revenue would suffice to meet the requirements of government . The derangemt-nts caused by tin se changes will ba very great ; still thty . are not shown to add one farthing to tho national oa-. Uai . They will not give employment to one additional labourer , but they will add immeiael ; to the numbers

      of those who already thiong cur workhouses , or , as vagrant ? , crowd our lanes and at mots—they will add to the cheapness' of which Mr Rand complains , increasing the number of victims to that ' god ! . It in neither my duty nor my wUh to describe the sufferings that must result from these great ohangea ; at present i discover no counterbalancing good . I have said that the labourers are national creditors . I would , before 1 proceed in this examination , tbat their claim should be clearly upderstoed and fully recognised .

      The labourers haye a claim tbat no Aot of Parliament oan invalidate . Their labour is their property , guaranteed by right Divine ; To preserve that property inviolate is the firs ' , principle of sooiety , ihe firat duty of government , whioh , neglected , leaves all other property inseonre ! Nay , on the inviolability Gf that principle , the right to all ether property rests , Fellow countryman , I do not say tbat tho government should establish workshops where every man may demand enploymen ? , but 1 assert that every government is bound to cause such national , arranceaaenta to be made 83 will enable every person to find employment , with a just remuneration for his labwr . The British Constitution is based upon that principle . Heaco tbe reverence for the law which so signally distinguishes our raca ! And mark , in proportion to our rejection of that principle it is abserv . abis tbat the veneration for the law diminishes . It

      1-. also to ba noticed t ' aat the increase of the poverty , distress , and crime of the people is proportionate to our disregard of that wise and Bafe principle in one lesitlation . When such a cautious and prudent man as Mr Wm . Rand ia driven to the expedient of proposing df sperate measure ? , it is needful , at all hazards , that we should rightly understand the basis on which all property rests . It is necesstry that we , who boast so loudly of * keeping the national faith , ' should know that the national faith is broken when the lab urerg o 3 nnot realise ths value of their property , i . e ., theil labour .

      The time seems to be drawing nesr when it muBt be determined who are the national creditors ? Fellow countrymen , I wou ' . d inoulcate this truth , cheapness is not securiiy . I would endeavour to p / mvince the fuadholders , and all persons of fixed ' . ncsmea , that , although , for the moment they seem te gain by cheapness , that very cheapness , being ob « tained by breaking faith with the labourers , renders their title insecure . For , what said the late Sir John Beckett , Bart , when addressing the electors and non-electors of Leeds . ' These were hia werds— may

      hia voice from tke tomb ba regarded by you ' . —by it may you be aroused to tho conviction of the great necessity of having every measure founded on juatica —justice to the labourer , aa w

      Fellow oountrymen , remember that , without peace at home' dividends cannot beteoure . So true &re the words of his Royal IlighneBS Prinee Albert : ' Depend upon it , tha intercuts of those classes which are so often contrasted are the same . ' In my next . I hope to osnolude my examination of Mr ffm , Rand ' * third and last remedy . I am , Fellow Countrymen , The Friend of the Fuodholdera and of tbo Labourers , RlCDABB OAtTLSn . Fulham , Middlesex .

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      According to official returns , the exports and imports of the Zillverein , in 1847 in various articles , were ai followst—Rtw oottou , imported , 445819 owt . ; exported , 114 545 owt . ; transit , 54 298 owt . ; Bulphur , imported , 139 , 199 cwt . ; exported , 5 . 116 ewt : raw iron , imported , 2 , 340 247 owt . ; exported , 25 859 owt . ; cast and other iton , rails , & ; ., imported , 1 , 100158 cwt . ; exports , 42 , 852 owt . ; transi ? , 43 586 owt . The population of the Z ulverein , in 1847 amounted to 29 , 461 , 712 souls .

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      Untitled Article

      December 30 , 18 & . . ' " ¥ ¦ i ' : ~ A ) \ d 11 Tv " O V ' A X ] T f - ¦ THE NORTHSHfr STAR ..... , ^ . .,.. —¦ ¦ ¦ ,- ... ¦ i 47 .- .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 30, 1848, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1503/page/7/