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Northern Star (1837-1852), 16th December 1848, Edition 1 of 3, Page 7, Coto^airi ^reigiL~ - ""* ' - fa ¦'- ¦ .ii t *- v-^5rrr _

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      ' * "'¦ ' ¦" r : —rrr ^——~_ i-tx ^ : - FRANCE ; -, s ELECTION OP * HE REPUBUCak PBES ^ -FATtt , Cosraic * AX ^ SoaakAUX -. thk « jjr ^ V Louis Napoleon hdd a aSrSs * ? ° * wm hvaded by the parWonHTf , ' . which lo , t # wd mm petwu wS ^ ,, ^™ » w were ^> 74 ssss £ g ^ s oompoNdalmost entirel 7 ofS 2 «*?" - "S * EaeStHoHoreirM aSfflSL ^! - * £ e groups , andauwmblaMT m S ? ^^ plaeea * J ^ were gSSMT nJBS ^ S " ^ d ! son 8 tfts

      ftrmea t&emtrs of Hka df « m ™ £ r ^ tV * » 1 Ueo a ^ ftaHSW * iewdspdiatffe SMoSS ^ ^ ' ? were of which wae ^ at SW ^' saswKaSsSE-s ssrtaaKtSMs pr » tertofd « oi * f . O « Q ^ MSl . VtT ! ¦" Sn » rf tte bracktf aSnSi&flrt . !* •* SSS 8 Ss 3 & § 5 ¦ everat mriJ ^ SZF&jg * wutraversed by patrolataS ' tJS *? qUMter SHii

      siSs ^ ssiaarsa SI ^ F ^^ A tK ? f £ ? *? ^ l * B «* t numbers , but , SSStaf SLJ 5 ? "" PS ** for Wring SM itr" ?*• no "owding or confusion at an ? &BSS Mm

      ffita ^ r BSWsw : SSJSSS , " ^ " «**» 5 « any ,. Ji ! i ! OT ? i 5 i ^ ^ artmeHtaEdjeiningHiB « wtalsfrtoth ^ the peasants are crowding to the Pl "V * *? O * « % « 100 together , with flags , « dilwratinf tin mmei of thai ? foe-arils eud ? -aites .

      p .- - .-S ! f " ??? & **¦ ? . n ? cip » l thoroughfares of / 5 T ? ° " ™ B ttfc supplied most gratifying proofs ^ tranquillity with w&c a the j £ pb 2 SSS fflg their B 9 Tereign ^ rif-ht of suffrage . Preeao , gonarymeawrea were taken , and patrols of theNa-5 ^* w Urd Md ^ f . " anally observ able , bnt no necessity caUed for their iBterferenoe . 22 * T ! 3 * & tti ftonqoimty no donbt ik . thatSs « r aitof the election begun to be regarded bjtae public zn general u ptacticrty decided , and , it is thought , in favour of Lonis Napoleon .

      ( From the correspondent of the Emu . ) The groups in the streets of Paris on Sunday eremng were neither so numerous nor so noisy as ^ , ? *? ^ "f tbey were no"eficieSin wtori , who praluced a certain degree of excite nent . Tharabjeotimost dtseasard m tae groups Md the Boulevards , was the Organisation ef La . bour ; and if the language used in the ftreete is to be taken as a criterion of the opinions of the working claesei . the future President , be he Cavaiqnac -or Lows Napoleo n , will have much to do to satisfy

      The peDple expressed great indignation against the JSafaoaal AoembV hr having resolved to prolong its existence under pretenea of preparing certain organio laws , and if any attack be made on it , the people do not appear disposed to defend it . The continued attacks of La Phms * on General CaTaignac , for harag neglected to adopt precautions to prerent the eree . tionofbarncadeiin the month of Jane , by which nuoh bloodAed was pocasioned , appear to h . wa prodaoed oonstdertfbte effect on the population of Fan ' s ; and although General Caraignao ' i admirers-and

      there were many such amongst the groups-exarted ttemselTes inrthe General ' s defence . and were listened towith much pabeace , they failed to produce any enect . In some group * the probability of an approach * ng wsutree&m was openly disaused . A soldier of the 59 th Regiment of the lino declared his opinion teat suca an eTent was inwitable , and hatine feen asked what side he would join , he replied -that h « regiment was determined to aot with the National Guard * , and to be goyerned by their moTements

      . Tee Tme 3 of Wednesday adds : — "Tbs following letter of our correipondent , dated ^ w o ' clock on Monday evening , h * E rewhed us , togethar with the Beoond editions of the journals : — Thoe is considerably mere animation ( perhapE agitation would be a more appropriate term ) visible at this hoar than when I wrote yea at eleven o ' clock this forenoon . Groups are formed everywhere . At certain pointethey are held in observation bypstrols of National Guards , bat generally speaking they are llowed to

      a hare their own wmjr . The rtepB leading to the Bonrse , and a good deal of the space In front of it , are covered by people declaiming on all manner of irritating subjects . The leadine , and certainly moafcdisquieting , topfois the Labour Qaestion . which it is lamentable to perceive is again the eheval de ba taMeti the Red Men , and is capable of producing much mischief . The Red orators are . however , oompsratireljr few , for the mass of that party w , like the larger portion oftha troops , kept within dears by order of their chiefs , though ready for every contingency .

      In these circumstances you will be sorry to barn that the occurrence so leng foreseen—a conflict between the Gardes Mobiles and troops of the Jiaetook pbes last Bi ? ht , at about half-past twelve odock , jmt ontsidethe Barrieredn frone , at one of the ball ronai as they are called , which for a con . aiderable distance line the road to Yineennei . For sometime those parties have been snarling at each other , but last night they came to Now * . Tha Mobiles , being the minority , at fintwere beaten . They songht the assistance of their comrades , and returned reinforced , when a battle commenced between them trith side arms , In which two soldiers wara killed , and several on either side were woundtd .

      This riot would not merit particular notice were ii sot indicative of the species of feeling that exists is ike corps in question . On tbe ona hand , the boI ¦ diera are jealous of the superior pay and rations enioyed by tha Mobiles . The latter , proud of their achievements in Jane , are perhaps a little presmnp-• tnons ; bat whatever the cams , theeffaetsof this ¦ qnurel may ba lerieui . For the last twa or three months the Red men have been flattering the troop ? on every possible occasion , by cries of ' Ywe la JAgns , ' and bav 9 been insulting the Mobiles bj -callicg them ' Civaignao ' d Batchers . ' There may

      possibly be another collision tonight between the fioMiera and tbe Mobiles . Should it be serions . tbe end of the Sed men will be attained . The Mobile * will be removed ftpm Paris , and the fusion of the troops and the Socialists will became practicable . There are efforts in progress to reconcile the soldiers and the Mobiles , bat it is not certain that they will noosed . At this moment there are three battalions ofi the latter , and some battiSons of the former , in the great court of the Tuileries , exercising under the same command . Perhaps tbe experiment will succeed : it was well worth trying .

      Qa . Monday erentag gwnpi of bsq , for Vio m % t part attired as operatives , oai e sted at the Portes St Denis and St Martin , the Pkce de la Bourse , and the Place Vendome , but their demeanour was per -fectly inoffensive . They diseased the merits of the -respective candidates for the Piesidenoy of the Republic , and it vmfd appear from the conversation thzt the operatives had given their votes to Louis Napo l « m thnugha hope that Jit would rdkw t&e existing distrat , and not from any political motive . They complained bitterly that none of those who have governed the country since the revolution of February had fulfilled the promises made to the people Iwfore their accession to office , and they appeared to

      ¦ ding to the name of Napoleon , as a plank ef safety to leacue them from ntter destruction . —2 « m « correspondent Toedat . —Yesterday the effigy of General Ca-Vfti g&M WM bant is the Place da la Barriers da Tnme , amidst a large eoneoune of people . The indignity ef being burnt in the ordinary way was cot on this occasion thought sufficient ; the managers cf the ceremony , therefore , resorted to the rather Jugular aggravation of eonnming the representative of tte unpopular candidate with a cartload of his own Wlotiug papers . In the Boulevard Montmarte another cart-load of balloting papers , bearwg tbe Bams of GaBaral CavaUnae , wai feizsd and forthvita burnt , ssudtt the shouts of Uw crowd ; bat no

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      $ 3 r 8 S 6 ffi 5 £ | nri aTStferf' ^ sttB . Tt . « wJ ? TOnmr / a' Um "AP ' -ttW . gwsssasssi saftx " *^ ^ " ^ foW- ™ """ fim Pwis " "Poitedtobau

      • f ^ fe " ^ * 1600 "' - 131 , 154 votes Ge ? eniC » vaignto ... ... 73129 & ?? 011111 " " - -8 TO ~ iZLz ::: ::: % 12 ^ : ¦ itoSSSSJff ** of Paris li " ' Wb * i Prince Lonis Napoleon 26209 General GayaigQao ... .. ... 5 . 976 , ... Ledru Rolhn 2 , 543 Lamartine ... ' 221 , . SSS ? ^ rW ^ - ' ^^^^ wattheCrout . Rqusse , notwithstanding the presence of the police and of the municipal authorities , who were unable to prevent it . The works of the fortifications of Lyons had ten suspended in consequeaoe of the agitation which has prevailed in that city for some

      THE BIS BBPUBIJC . A Democratic and Socialist banquet took place at Ooudoni , on the 27 th . M . Lucien Limargue , editor of the Etoius fi'AQmiiiHK being . in the chair . After sitting some hours , the gunt 9 , at the approach af dusk , promenaded through the towa crying , Vive Ledru Rollra ! " Vive la Repablique , democratique et socials 1 " A bas les rentiers et les proprietaires !' They also sang patriotic airs , and then separated ithout disturbance . The authorities of the town aid been invited to the banquet , but all had declined being present .

      Several Socialist and ultra Democratic banquets have taken place within the past few days in Paris . One of them at which about 1 , 800 persons were present , took place at the Salla Valentino . The nominal president was Raspail , whose bast , surrounded by red drapery , was placed on a pedestal tthaiiead of the principal table , bat the acting president * were M . M . Pnmdhon , Pierw Levant , and Oabefc The usual Socialist toaita were given , and one ef them was proposed by M . Felix Pyat , who had recently a duel with M . Proudhon . The affiir passed off qnietly , and terminated with patriotic sones . ., .

      On Sunday 1 , 400 Socialists , mostly workingsmiths found time to meet at a banquet given at the Barrier do Maine . Several well-dressed women sat down to table . Atrophy w * a erected at the bottom of the hall composed of the different implements used by smiths . The walls were hung with tri-ooloured flags , ba whiob were the following inscriptions — * To the Socialist exiles . ' ' To the Socialist prisoners' * Louis Blanc , Barbel , Thore . MaHini , B ! um , &fessenhauser . ' ' Our brothers of Vienna , of Italy and of Poland . ' Two letters were read—one from M . Raspail , which proposed in conclusion a toast to the principle of association ; and the second fron M . Louts Blanc , who proposed as a . toast 'Toall those who

      suffer , who love and who hope . ' M . Pierre Leronx thea spoke at great length , explaining the principles of association and of Socialism . M . Marc proposed as a toast' The safety of France ; ' and M . Marie gave , ' The hope and certainty of triumph * ' Th » latter , in speaking to the toast , informed the company that one of bis sons was amongst the transported , and that another of them had suffered a long imprison * meat . ' I educated them for that , ' said the orator , who was loudly cheered . The last toast— ' To the approaoking accomplishment of the great principle proclaimed by the French revolution , to the general aanifestatioB of religious liberty , and to universal fraternity '—was then given , and the company separated , singing patriotic songs .

      IBS BXPDBUOAHS 2 IBSKCUIK 0 BT THB M 05 A . ECHI 3 T 3 . the decree of the court of assizes at Caen in the affifir of the insurgents of Rouen has been announce i to-day . The court has condemned them all to severe and infamous punishment . *

      THl JOUBHIYUBH B 1 KIRS OF PARIS . The latter end of last week , the delegates of the journeymen taken went to the National Assembly with a petition against the conduct of the master bakers af Paris , who hava bsen . of late getting men up from the country , to work for them , aa the men in Paris refused to work , except on the conditions prescribed by M . Canssidiere . The petition , which was received by M . Ton , the commisiry of police of the Assunbly , waylaid on the President ' s bureau .

      GERMANY . ABMCATION OF THE EMPEROR OF AU 3 TRIA . Aceennts from Vienna to the 3 rd inst ., communicate tha abdicstisn of the Emperor of Austria in favour of his nephew , tbe Archduke Francis Joseph , eldest son of the Arohduke Francis Charles , who has waived his claim to the imperial throae . This important proceeding was announced to the Diet at Eremsier by Princs Sohwarzeriberg , and two proclamations were immediately isiued ; one by the late Emperor , Ferdinand , dated Olmutz , the 2 nd of Daoember , in which he announces his reasons foi abdi .

      eating the throne ; the other by thepresent Emperor , Frajicis Jsseph , which embodies the principal points stated in the ministerial programme , as given by Prince Schwarzsnberg , in the Chamber at Eremsier . The news of the ' ate Emperor ' s abdicatien was received with satisfaction at Vienna , where all was tranquil : Tbe ex-Emperor has fixed upon Prague as his place of residence , for which oity he quitted O ' mu » z on the day of his abdication . The following are the proclamations alluded to : — ' We , Ferdinand I ., by the Grace of God , Emperor , &e .

      ' When after the decease of our father , tbe late Emperor ; Francis I ., we succeeded to the throne , we were deeply senrible oftha sacred ! nature of our office , and prayed to God to assist us . [ Prayed to the devil he meaBS . ] To deal justly and to promote the happiness of the Austrian nation was the end and aim of our government . [ How emperors can lie !] The cares and anxieties of government were richly rewarded by the Iova and gratitude of our people . [ What an ungrateful monster tocannsnade such a people . ] Even of late , when criminal intrigues gnooeeded in disturbing legal order In some parts of our empire , we were satisfied to find the majority of our subjects persevere in the loyalty they owed to their sovereign . I More fools they !] Proafs of » ffection .

      which comforted oar anxious soul , were frequently givenus from all partsof our empire . But the pressure ofevents , and the immediate want of a comprehensive reformation of our forma of state , and whbh we , in the month of Maroh last , endeavoured to meet and promote , have more and more convinced us , that more youthful powers are needed to complete this grand work . [ The imperial idiot has found some one to pat common sense langaageinto his mouth ] After mature deliberation , and convinced of the imperative necessity of this step , we have most solemnly resolved to reiign the imperial crawn of Austria . Oar brother and legitimate successor in the government , the Lord Archduke Francis Charles , who at all times faithfully assisted us , and declared , and now declares by

      these presents , and by signing his name to this proclamation , that he too resigns the Austrian crown , and that he does bo in favour of his son and legitimate successor , the Lord Arohduke Francis Joseph . Thus freeing all servants of the state from their oath of allegiance , we claim their faith and loyalty for tbeir new sovereign . We bid a grateful farewell to our brave army . Mindful of their oaths , our soldiers were at all times a balwark against foreign enemies and domestic traitors ; a pattern of fidelity and persevering and dauntless courage , the safety of threatened monarchy , the pride and glory of our common country . [ A pattern of butohery-workera , the disgrace and infamy of Austria ] They will be equally faithful and devoted to the new emperor . In freeing the various people of our empire of their duties towards us , we herewith solemnly , and before

      the face of the world , transmit all our duties and tights to our beloved lord and nephew as our legitimate successor , and we recommend our people to the grace and especial protection of God . May Almighty God vouchsafe to restore them to domestic peace . [ The hypocrite !] May he guide the misled back to their doties , and enlighten thoie that are foolish [ A proper prayer for himself and his family . ] May be ra-open the dried-up fountains of prosperity , and may he bh S 3 our country with his richest blessings , enlighten and strengthen our successor , the Emperor Francis Joseph I , that he may prosper in Ms solemn and arduous vocation , for bis own honour , for the glory of our house and for the welfare ef his pwpta ' Given in our royal residence of Olmutz , this day , the 2 nd December , 1818 , and in the fourteenth year of our reign . ' Fbbwnahd . ' SCHWARZESBEBO . ' FbAKCH ChaBHS .

      • We , Francis Joseph I ., By the grace of God , Emperor of Austria , &c . * By the resignation of our beloved uncle , the Empsror and Kins Ferdinand I ., in Hangary and Bohemia of that name the 8 : h . and by the reuenttion of our beloved father , the Lord Archduke Francis Charles , and summoned on the strength of the pragmatic sanction to assume the crown of this empire , proclaim hereby solemnly to our people the fact ef eur ascension to the throne under the name of Francis Joseph the First . We are convinced of the necessity and the value of free institutions , and enter with confidence en the path , of a prosperous reforma tion of tbe monarchy , On the baiiaof trai llbertjonthe bisliof the equality ofrightacf all oorpooplei

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      ^^^^ ^^ iH ^^^ & % ^ $ PWW ® imi ** W " » the repres sentation and l ^ islahsn , tWcftuntry will rise to its ' . ancient grandeur ^ it . will acquire new strength to ¦ jUS m . £ Bto j » ° ™ t i | n , < Ht jiU . be a bain to JLI ^ trlb 9 of Bany tenraef united unfleritae centre of ourfathen ; JealouV of the ' glory ef the ° ' ° ^; Md resolved to preseiya the Monarchy , nn * iB tailed , but ready toihartoorprivaeges with " tl » representatives of our people ;^ hope , by'the assistance of God and the co-operation of our people , to succeed in uniting all the countries and tribes of the nwwty wto one integral state . We Have had « e . 7 " ? . ft 5 " tranqniUitr and order have been

      dieturbed inmany parts' of the ~* mplre . A civil war is even now raging m oneparfof the monarchy . Preparations have been made to restore legal order everywhere . The conquest over rebellion , and the return of domestic peace , are the first conditioaa to the great work whieh we . now take in 1 haad . In ttui we Mly opnfidenlly on the eensiWe and candid CMperatiori of tbe nation by iterepresentativflB , We rely on the sound sense of the loyal : inhabitants of the country , whom the new laws on the abelitioh of servitude aid imposts have admitted to the fnll enjoyment of oivil rights . We rely on the loyal ser . vants of the state . We expectonr glorious aimy will persevere in their ancient fidelity and bravavy . They will continue to be a pillar to the throneand

      , a bulwark te the ceuntry and its free 'Institutions , we shall be happy to reward merit , without any disbnotion of birth or station . . People oiAUBtria ! It isan awful time in which we mount on the throne of our fathers . Great are the duties of onr office , great u its responsibility . May God protect as . Fhakcib Joieph . , „ '" * schwabzbhbbrg . 'Olma ' z . D « oem ! e ? 2 fld ,, 1848 . ' In the fourth sitiing of the constituent Diet at Etemiier , Prince Schwarzenberg read to the members the proclamations we have given above , ' and the various legal acts by which the sovereignty was abdicated bv the late and transferred to the new Emperor . He also readagpeoial messaee from the sew

      reigning sovereign to the Assembly , in which ' he expresses his wish that the constitution may soon be completed ,, and exhorts the Diet to proceed vigoreusly with . the task ; Also antograph notei ' frem the . Emperor , re . apppinting the ministew , and adding . Baron Culner . to the . Cabinet , hut without charge of a department . At the suggestion of the president , the members of the Diet rose and gave three cheers for' th ? constitutional Emperor Francis Joseph . ... ' . ; i The Emperor Francis Joseph I . is the eldest son of the Archduke Francis Charles , ooly brotherof the Emperor . . His mother is the Princess Sophia , daughter ef Maximilian , the late Eing of jBavaria . Ha was born in 1830 , and is , consequently , eighteen yearaofaee .

      CTnenamssofthe father and mother are symbols of' re-action' throughout Austria . Will the BOB be better than his parents ! We doubt tt . j The Emperor Francis has confirmed the -Ban Jellaohich in the office of civil and military governor of Croatia . . It _ Ja , believed that the Emperor will inot visit Vienna before the new year , . and that the state of siege will continue till that time . It appears that fie Emperor Nicholas kaa offered to advance'the eighty mUliqm . of florins required for the state . * Rum » ar asserts that he has made another offer to Aujtria ; nothing ! es g , in faor , than an Empress in the shtpe of the Russian princess .

      Tfle aocounts'from Galioia are unsatisfactory . The divisions existing between the Polish and Ruthenian races are becomipg every day more serious , particularly since the government have bBgun to favour the latter . The object in thus setting race against race is precisely tha one whiohwas held in view with reference to the Magyars and the Croatians , and is composed on the old maxim of . 'divide et impera . ' The system bow pursued is the more criminal , inasmu ch as the two races have lived on . friendly termB

      one witu the other during several centuries . As might have been anticipated , the Servians are beginnug to put forth troublesome claims ! in regard to nationality . Recent events have proved to them how greatly dependent the Emperor is on his non-German and non-Magyar subjects for the maintenance of his throne . They are , therefore , no longer satisfied with the favours they have received shoe the . commencement of the revolt in Hungary Proper , but they demand an . independent ministry and legislative assembly , with a vice-regal government .

      IHB BOMBABDMBSI OF LBMBEBQ : The following extract of a letter dated 'Lomterg will be read with interest , though the facts treated of are contemporaneous with the siege of Vienna : — * Ton must have lead accounts of the bombardment of Lemberg , and I oan assure you that there were no groundB whatever for that military execution , since there had been , in fact , no revolution , no riotiag at all . On the 1 st of November , in the evenin ? , a few drunken artillery Bqldiers insulted Borne national guardsmen ; a strife enBued , in ' consequence of which two of the latter were killed . ' But , on a Budden , at about seven o ' olock p . m ., three cannon shotswere heard , which came from an Austrian battery established on a hill that commands the oity .

      Immediately the lower class of the population began to erect barricades ; they were assisted in that work of defence by young men of the University , by Jews , &a . This erection ef bamosdes'lasted all night , but as the first cannon shote were hot followed ¦ during that time by any other attempt of the military against the city , nothing further was done by the citizens till daylight . In the meantime an agreement was mntnally entered into by the civil authorities and the military commander-in-chief , that the troops were to be removed from the oity , and the barricades taken away . On the 2 nd Nov ., as . the national guardsmen disbanded themselve ? , on the terms of the above-mentioned agreement , they were ' fired upon , and some ofthem killed on the spot , by the

      grenadiers of a Ruthenian battalion stationed on the square of the Holy Ghost . This unfortunate occurrence renewed the apprehensions of the inhabitants ; The national guards assembled again , and the barricades wen again resorted to . Isolated Bhots were levelled at them by the soldiers , till at ten a . m ., the general fire of the heavy artillery opened against the devoted city . For more than two hours tegether batteriei disposed on the neighbouring hills ponr » d upon us balls and shells of every size , and especially rockets . After more than two hours' bombardment the oity was allowed to capitulate , although it cannot be fairly admitted that it had revolted at all . It is pretty well known now that this bombardment bad been premeditated and calmly decided upon .

      DISSOLUTION OF THB NATIONAL ASSEMBLYA CONSTITUTION GRANTED BY ROYAL CHAETER . Letters from Berlin to the evening of the 6 th inst ., announce that the King had , by the advice of his ministers , dissolved the Constituent Assembly , and declared a constitution . . It appears in thePjuuseiCHB SiAAia AKzBiGKR . oftbe 7 th , wtiich contains also the royal ordonnance for the dissolution of the National Assembly . The main points of the constitution are the following : — 'Personal freedom is guaranteed by virtue of the Habeas Corpus Aot , of Sept . 24 th , 1848 . The domioile is inviolate , and death and confiscation of property are abolished Freedom of religions worship is

      secured ; the right ef the general education of the people is guaranteed ; every Prussian may freely express his opinions ; freedom of the press is conoeded without censorship or peouniary security ; publio meetings may be held in houses without restraint , in the open air by permission of the police ; the seoreoy of the post is inviolate ; several fendal privileges are abolished ; the Eing is not responsible , but his Ministers are ; there are to be two Chambers ; the first composed of 180 members , to beeleoted by the provincial circle and district repreeentatives , and to sit for six years ; the second to consist of 350 members , to be elected indirectly by universal suffrage , and directly by electors in the second degree , that is by electors chssen by general suffrage ; no property qualification required for either Chamber . '

      In another royal decree the Chambers , are convoked in Berlin on the 26 th ot February next ; the primary elections to take place on the 22 nd instant , and those in the second degree on the 5 th of February . An Income Tax Bill is announced . . The prohibition of public assemblages has been extended to meetings of benevolent societies and other unpolitical associations , as in some cues the meetings had been turned to political purpoaei . In special cases , however , the military authorities have granted an exemption . A benefit society of factory workmen , having waited on General Wrangel for permission to hold a meeting , he not only gave it , but presented the deputation with a sum of money , and wished his name to be entered as a member of it ; bat the offer was declined , and the money afterwards sent back to him .

      KOBE TRICES O ? 013 ' GRACE OF GOD KIKGSHIP . The Pbbumiche Staais Anzkigeb , of the 7 th ' inst ., has added an important pxoviBion to one ef tbe clauses of the constitution . It is stated in that Bpa > oial law that every Prussian thirty years of age , and in fall possession of his civic rights , is entitled to vote for the members of the First Chamber , provided he pays at least eight tnalers yearly in taxes , or has landed properly to the amount , at least , of 5 . 000 thalefs , or a dear income of 500 thalers . Now , there is not one word in the constitution published on the night of the 5 th inst . in the Staais Anzbigbb respecting those pecuniary qualifications . In fact , one was led to believe on that night that general suffrage

      was conceded , although in an indirect manner ; for the 65 th and 66 th articles , which relate to the qualification of the members of the First Chamber , or to the number of electors and electoral districts for the Second Chamber , are not only silent on that koto , but are immediately followed by an article ( oonfie < quently the 67 th ) in which it is declared that evsry independent Prussian , twenty-four years of . age , in I possession of all his civio rights , and residing daring the previous eix months in his commune , h » a vote , not the slightest allusion being made to a property or a taxation qualification . The othes < special laws ' which are to follow bring such unexpected additions to the constitution , that U has & * chance ot pre- I

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      * ^\ y i l ; U . AJi . | - : ^ yDjLbjfere-tbeel 6 | h-: of-E ^« uary ;^§ xt 8 :: featnr £ s , altogetherlifereat rromiHose . Tt" > oW ; vaanT . " " TE ? | eherarfeelingIn BerlinVith respect to the coBBtitfr tion . isone ' ofindiffarenos ^ - • ¦ : ¦ ¦¦ n-ihi .. > ' ;• . .., r ^ t ^ jK | JiAWI ^ piiT . PAi ^ UMEl | rT : . In the AMembJy ' on the 7 tk inst . Heri Wesendonk brought forward . the following important motion ;—• That the National Assembly , declare that the dig . solving of the ' PrusBian Aeiiembly and the granting of a constitution are null and void . ' Theurgenoy of the motion was admitted , and it was referred . to a cmtBittee , with InstruotionB to bring up a speedy report . The National Assembly pasBedslae areielution abolishing capital punishment ( except by martial law , and in case of mutiny aVsea ) , the use of the pillory , and corporal chastisement . ' ¦

      TH « MAMTB ROBSRI BUM . Bavabia . —On the 4 th inat . there was s grand torch-light procession at Munioh in honour of the late Robert Blum—not less than 1800 persons bearing torohes ( Inoluding 300 atudenta ) . The greatest order prevailed .

      THE WAR IN HUNGARY . . j The grand attaok on the Hungarians had aot oom- < ¦ enced ; bat it was expected that it would b « soen < ) gnn . An engagement had already , taken place i More . PreMburg . The imperial troops Bent against < » e Magyars are 150 , 000 strong .:, ' It is said that : rmdiBchgrati had given up the oommand ef tHat ' rmy to Baron Grubey ; and made arrangements to » ke up his resideBce in Vienna . According to aoaunts from Siebehburgen , the impartent town of llausenburg has surrendered to the imperial troopo . i sharp cannonade was heard on the l * t inst . near kttgern ( some ten miles frem Vienna ) . It is said that be imperihl troops were obliged to make aretrograde lovement .

      . The Wikkkb ZEiTraa of December 1 contains the offiowl report from the theatre of war in Transylvania . Lieut . Col . Urban with his large corps had on thel 3 : h Novj approftohei as far qb SamosUjvar , wheo he was Buddenlr attaoKed by a superior force from KlauBgnt burg , and waiaimuUaneonsl y threatfloed on the fljnk . The Lieutenant-Colonel , without firing a shot , osoupied the strong position to the left of SamosUjvar , and there awaited the enemy , who was b * aten back and completely worsted , lssing from forty to fifty ( dead ) who were all , however , carried off . One of the leaders also was shot down dead by a ball , but it was not ascertained who he was . ' The village * o ! Z % , to thejelt of the main road , whioh showed hestility to the imptrial troops , was severely chastised by a column sentthither . : ¦ = ' ¦ . . .....

      Iti 8 asserted that the Magyars who bad , some weekB ago , penetrated into a part of Croatia . have taken tbe capital ,, Agram , aad defeated the imperial troops on the Styrian frontier . It io not & little remaikable ' that the imperialists , who , a short * time ' ago , had advanced as far as Wieaelburg , have withdraws to the district this Bidfl of Bruok ;

      . . . . . .. , : ITALY . ; ¦' ; v , .. THB POPH .. ' , ' . , , ' ' \ The Pope refused to gt on board , the Frenqh steamer at Gaetaj or to prooeed to Fiance ' . He had ordered a number of Cardinals to repair to Malta ' , to be at hand to hold a ooHolave in the event oi his demise . ' - ¦ " ¦ ¦¦ ¦• ¦ ¦ :-. . ¦ .. .-.: >• -.. . - . ; ¦ - . ¦ :. ¦ ,. <> :. Thk Robbks Radbtzky ]— The Nazionalb , of tWe 1 st inBtant . stateB that the extraordinary eontribn . tions levied on Lombardy by ^ Matshal Radetzky amounted to 40 , 000 , 000 of livres . Milan and the province had paid 18 . 205 . 174 livres ; the town and pro * vinoe of Bresoia , 5 , 500 , 000 ; Lodi and Cremona . 5 , 000 . 000 ; Pavis , 2000 , 000 ; Bergamo , 2 , 000 , 000 ; Como . 2 . 000 . 000 ; Valtelina , 1800 000 ; in all 31 , 505 , 174 . The returns for the provihoes of Cremona and Mantua are not known .

      Eomax . States . —Ii Nazioxals , of tbe 3 rd inst ., sayB ' s The Governor af Bologna will not aoknowledge tha ministry . He has tent deputies into the whole of Rbmagna to endeavour to form a party , ond to compose a provisional government , consisting of Zuoohi , Spado , and Mastai , but , owing to the firmness of the prolegate LovatelU , Ferrara has given its adhesion to the , ministry . Anoona has followed its example . Disorder reigns in the city of Bologna ' . It is said that the minister Campello ordered all the troops to concentrate themselves at Foligno and Cattolica , bat that the Swiss . commander , Latour , had replied , that the Swiss had made an engagement with the Pope , and not with Galetti and Campello ,

      and they would not aoknowledge . their authority . So far from obeying the orders , the commander had marched the Swiss troops to Bologna . Gavazzi has embarked at Ancona for Venice . A more Berieua movement occurred at Ancona on the lit , when the people assembled with loud ahouts of Vive la Republique , ' and proolainred a provisional government in connexion with the ministry at Rome . Count Gonfalionere is president ; the other members are the Marquis Beninoasa , Laine , Colindri , Tanetti , and Morioi . While this was going on , the sailors of the Sardinian flwt in the barbour paraded the streets , utter * ing seditious oriea against their officers , and . eapeoially the admiral .

      IfflB POPS IURHBD TRAITOR . —AIIBIBPISD COTOTBRBEVbLUTIOK . The followiBe news has been reoeived at Paris , dated Rome , Dad . 4 th . A rescript had been received at Rome from the Pope , who was still at Gaets , annulling the acts of the roiniitry , and superaedin ^ tbe Chnrabera by appointing a state commia . Bion , invested with aupreme authority . The Chamber of Deputies had' declared the rescript invalid , and the members of the state csmnmaion had declined to act . A deputation had been appointed to visit the Pope and invite him to return to Rome . The oity remained tranquil .

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      LETTER FROM RICHARD PILLING , ] . . [ Formerly of Ashton-under-Lyne , now residing in the United States . ] , Stuyvasent Falls , Colnmbia County . State of New York . November 12 th , 1848 . Dkar Wits and Ghim > rbn , —I write to you hoping to find you in good health , aa these few lines leave me at present . I landed on the 11 th of October , and stopped in New York six days , but oould not get waik . I heard . they wanted weavers at this place . I left New York City at five o ' clock in the after * noon , and landed at Kinderndok , at five o ' olock on the followi ng morning , which is 130 miles from New York City up the Hudson River , and five miles from this place . They landed me in a wood by myself , and there was neither man ner house to be seen . I walked into the wood and found a tavern , and stopped till daylight , and got my breakfast for twenty-five cents . I had then ton . cents left . It was a wet morning , and the roads very bad , I commenced on the . following mornisg - weaving on four looms , twsntyeight inches wide , eixty picks in one inch , thirty-eight yards long , 32 ' * weft and twist , for lOd . per cut . The loems here run about ninety pioks per minute , and the master gives one halfpenny per cut tor picking them . They give sMaoteH 103 . per week ; Btrippers and grinders 16 ' . per week ; throBtle spinners and frame tenters 103 . per week ; dresMrafromthreshalfpenoe to two . pence per cut for dreBBing . They dress here with

      potato starob . The dressers make the starch them * selves for nothing . Framo-spinners . There are very few frame-Bpinntra here—they have 2 s . 9 J . per thousand hanks ,, for 400 spindles in one mule ; Tke faotory system iB the same all over the world , I believe . We ^ ork twelve hsuraper day in winter and thirteen in summer . The masters and overlookers are not suoh great tyrants here as they are in England . But a Ten Houra Bill is very much wanted here by the operatives , and I believe in a very few years will be obtained , and would be in a very few months if we- had such good men here sb Mr Hindley , Mr Oastler , Mr Fielden , and Lord Ashley .

      Tbere is more equality here than in England , for both rioh and poor associate together . Trade is bad here , and many thousands are out of work , Hundreds are returning home , and thousands would if they had the means . But , in my opinion , there are far more wayB for a working man to get a living here than there are in England , for no trade is locked up here by trades' unions , as is the oaae in -England . People in the towns are immigrating to the far weBt every year in thousands . The manufacturers here keep traok Bhopa , by which they make a profit ot nearly fifty per cent , by everything they sell . Provisions are lower here than in England—flour , one dollar per 281 ba . ; sugar , from 3 d . to 4 Jd . per pound ; treacle , la . Gi . per gallon ; tea , from 2 i . to 4 i . per pound ; botcher ' s meat , from 2 d . to 4 d . per pound ; butter , 10 J . per pound ; potatoes , 4 s . per bushel ; Indian meal , Is . 9 d . per 25 lbj .: tobaooo , from 8 d . to

      ii ) d . per pound ; wooden houses , for working people to live in , from thirty to fifty dollars per year ; wood or coal for fire will cost 2 i . 6 d . per week the year round ; soap , 31 . per pound ; pork , from 2 d . to 41 . per pound ; pigs , three months old , frcm 5 j . to 6 j . each ; milk , from fopr to fivo cents per quart ; bat in the far west provisions are much lower , and in the towns , too , if you have the ready money . I saw a man buy a quarter et a cow for threehalfpence per pound ; cte ; se , ii , por pound . I should wieh you to publish a part of this letter In the Abhionian , and also send a copy of it to George Julian Ilarney , and request him to give my respects to Mrs Harney , and Mr and Mrs Rider , and Mr and Mrs Gill . Perhaps , if this letter , or a portion of it , were published in the Star , it might be useful , Thomas Mellor is living with me , and working on five looms .

      Den wife and children , let n » know how you intend to aot with respebt to coming to this country , and I will begin to prepare . Give my respeotsto Aitken , Taylor , Orme , Brooks , Stores , Duke , and Bedford , and all my friends and neighbours . May you be able to bear up against your oppressor ! . There are no police here , nor have I seen a beggar i Binoo I came here . So no more at present from your affectionate husband and father , RlOHiRB PiUWft .

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      THE REPRESENTATION If THE ^«^ e 1 t ^ ng- : - ^ 1 The hbmiiia $ ba of the candidates for ; the seat ia the House of Commons rendered vacant by-the succession of Lord Morpeth to the peerage took place on Monday , at ^ lfakefielaY ! ¦ - '' ' i The bastings were erected in'front of the Courthouse , and were shortly before eleven ' o'clbck occupied by the friends of the respective candidates . Mr E . DENisoNi on reaching the hustings , was received with three ronnds of cheers / Sir C . Eardley ' s indisposition did not permit him to be present , and he was represented by Mr Bright , who was greeted with loud plaudits by his friends . Me Kydd ( the Chartist candidate ) was also attended by a numerous body of Chartists who cheered him lustily . . .. ..... .

      About eleven o clock the Under Sheriff , Mr Gray , opened the proceedings , by stating in a short speech , the object for which the meeting was assembled . The usual formal preliminaries having been gone through , -, . . , Mr J . Hamertok rose to propose ' the nomination of Sir C . Eardley , " amidst cheers and disapprobation , and ' ' '• ¦•¦ , ¦ MrF . Carbutt , of Leeds , in secphding'the nomination , was received with cheers . and groans . Both the speakers avowed themselvesxin favour of the ballot , and an extension of the suffrage . . _ - . Mr B . Lascelles , who was received \ with mingled cheers and hooting , proposed- the . nomination of Mr E . Denison . i

      Mr John Rand , of Wheatley Hill , ' seconded the nomination of Mr Denisen . * - . ¦ Mr Isaac Ironsides , of Sheffield , on rising to nominate Mr Samuel Kydd , as a fit and proper person to represent the Biding in Parliaraent , * wia 8 received with the most enthusiastic cheers , of the Chartists , who occupied a favourable position in tront of the hustings . He referred to the revolutions on the continent , and asked—what had the governing classes of this country done since these events to meet the wants of the people ?; Nothing * He begged their pardon—they bad spent money wrung " from the people , " to foment "conspiracies ( hissing ); and then , when the 'conspiracies . were

      l'pe , they seized on the conspirators . Eternal-disgrace on them for such acts . ( Groans ;) He , . bad pledged himself , when Mr Fitzwilliam came forward , if no one else came he would propose a candidate . But Charles withdrew . ( Laugh ter . ) . Since then , a union of Conservatives and Conservative-YThigsthe first time he had heard of this hybrid animal —( laughter)—met , and pro ' ppsed / MrBanison . ' , ! He bad attended carefully to that , honourable gentleman ' s addresses . The conclusion he had come to was , that he would alter nothing ( Mr Denison : * I never said so ) . Not in so many words ; but when be ( Mr Ironsides ) asked him what measures he would propose to ameliorate the condition of the

      people , he said , ' With great respect I answer , I don't know . ' ( Cries of ' Do you know ? ' ) He was not on bis trial , but he would try to do it . In the first place he would get quit of Ireland—he would restore its nationality , and then the Irish intelligence would provide for the miserable creatures wha now crowded the labour market of England . He would next restore the nationality of Scotland . He would cut away from royalty all 'its costl y barbaric splendour . He would restore the property of the Church to its ori ginal uses — he would Vsband the army , There was no necessity for an army in a kingdom—it should be on the frontier , if anywhere . He would reduce the navy to someihiig like useful

      proportions ; he would abolish the accursed game laws ; he would have in every parish arid township boards of administration to provide for the profit able employment of the people , composed of the best men that could be got together . He would re * store to every man the right of Magna Charta o ! which he had been unjustly deprived—that every man who paid taxes should have a voice in their distribution . His opponents could not answer the question how they were to deal with the labouring millions , and as he believed Mr Kydd Could answer the question he begged leave to nominate him as a fit and proper candidate . ( Loud cheers . )

      Mr Brook , of Huddersfield , seconded the nomination . Mr Bright then presented himself to address the meeting on behalf of Sir C . Eardley . He said , that he had been requested to read to the meetings brief address from Sir C Eardley , who was prevented from being present by illness . Mr Bright then read the paper , which commenced with aa apology for the absence of Sir C . Eardley , and a vindication of his political career . It ihen recapi * tulated bis principles , the first of which was the ) Ballot . Then the country requires the abolition o £ all small constituencies , where great men could dictate to the electors even with the Ballot . It requires

      the substitution of larger districts , I will not say absolutely equal districts , at the same time I aunt say there are gigantic districts which might be advantageously divided , if long purses are not to carry the day , and candidates are to he killed with fatigue . ( Laughter . ) Then , why have one law of qualification for members in Scotland , and another in England ? Surely a candidate who is good enough for the electors , is good enough for the house , and a roan with a little stake is as likely to he honest as a man with a great stake . ( Cheers . ) Then , as to the duration of Parliament , the Whigs took away our Triennial Parliament—that is ( said the right honourable gentleman ) the Whigs of 140 years ago ,

      not the Whigs of the present day ; aid if the Whigs will not restore them , we must recover them without them . And now I come to the Suffrage . The people are not fairly represented , and the people will never be satisfied till they are fairly represented . The knowledge and intelligence of the people has rapidly increased of late years , and the Suffrage ought to be extended so as to make Parliament a fair reflection of intelligent public opinion . I believe the municipal franchise applied to Parliament would do this—meaning , of course , the Municipal Suffrage for boroughs—and something analogous for

      counties . But in this matter I shall try to act with the Reform party . If we can beat the Tories , old and new , with the Municipal Franchise , I think it will be best . But , if something wider is required , in order to rally public opinion , I tell you frankly that I prefer Household Suffrage to standing still . To my apprehension , Household Suffrage would be somewhat too far for a first step ; but to stand still in the midst of revolutionised Europe would be dangerous to the peace and integrity of the empire . ( Cheers . ) I desire a thorough revision of our national expenditure , but I fear we shall never obtain it till Parliament ia reformed . Such a Parliament

      will command the confidence of Ireland—not by repealing the Union , but by making it real—not by bribing tbe priests , but by doing equal justice to all . By this means our army will be diminished ; but ffho dare hope for a thorough reduction of our army , and of any other department , under the present system ? Reform will develope Free Trade . Colonial interests will then no longer he able to force you to consume dear sugar . The repeal of the Navigation Laws may , perhaps , be gained at once ; but it will then be certain . Again , our whole count y system will he likely to be revised . I ask—and I ask it as a landowner deeply interested in the replywhy are payers of rates to elect those who expend them in towns and not in counties ? Again , we should have some chance of repealing ; the Game Laws and abolishing Church Rates—( hear , hear)—with a reformed Parliament—those two fertile

      sources of parochial crime and parochial quarrels . The one is not more prejudicial to morality than the other is to religion . And now I am brought to a subject which I mention last , though I feel it most —most because there is nothing for which , we need Parliamentary reform more than to prevent statesmen making a tool of religion . You will never prevent this on Tory principles . You are only insulting a Catholic if you refuse him your money for his faith , while you demand his money for your own . Gentlemen , we must either pay all or none . And I say , both as a citizen and as a Protestant , let us pay none . Nay , I contend , as a mere bearer of the Christian name , —I think if I were a sincere Roman Catholic I should feel . it as much as I do now , —that It is treason to the very

      idea of religion to make a plaything of Christianity ; to tell the Catholic that his faith is on a level with heresy and the Protestant that his faith is on a level with Popery . Such a course is equivalent to a national profession of infidelity ( ' Oh ! oh ! ' ) , and to such a course I will not be a party . —The address conclude by assuring the electors , that if elected , he ( Sir C . Eardly ) , would he a faithful advocate of their liberal opinions , and the guardian of their local interests * Mr Bright then continued to say , that by the permission of the Under-Sheriff he would address a few words to the meeting on behalf of Sir C . Eardley , and just such as he might have expressed , had he been present . Mr Bright proceeded amidst hisses and cheera to address the meeting . He regarded that vast meeting as a jury assembled to try

      Coto^Airi ^Reigil~ - ""* ' - Fa ¦'- ¦ .Ii T *- V-^5rrr _

      Coto ^ airi ^ reigiL ~ - ""* ' - fa ¦' - ¦ . ii t * - v- ^ 5 rrr _

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      r- ^ I ^ TOlJOfaSi . ^ ¦ ¦ ¦ . • ¦ ;);•; - . ¦ •; si <> 'LwiBBrYHi ; iv ; : f ^ ' . v- i ¦> : ; U : : Fellow CotmraiMBirj—I have been honoured by several Irlendl y ^ communication ? , and the | presentatibn ' of many publications , conveying information on two important questions' mooted byiMrW . Rand ,. ™ .:. The Currency , and An Equal National . Poor . Rate . \ ^ . ' !" ,. "VV . ; ., ' " / ' . ! ' i ( i The gentlemen who have thus kindly appreciated my remarks on thww subjects have my slntwe thanks . I" had previously examined sbme ^ f these pamphlets , the kb * shall have my attention when time will allow . ; Ouefnend imagines that , 'for prudential reasons , I purposely hold back my opinions on the Currency . ' ila mistakes . I cannot give an opinion on a subject I do not comprehend . .,

      I have not been able to discover the necessary proportion of currency required to represent a given amount of mhangeabk wealth * I think that most essential part , of the Correnoy Question still remains undisqovered . Until that point is settled on fixed aid irrefragable principles , I am of opinion that the Currency will continue to be a vexed question . ; ' In / consequencei of information received since my last letter was published , I am induced to return to the consideration of the question of an Equal National Poor Rate . The vast importance of the subject is mjr apology . It ia needful to bear in mind some of the specified objeots expected to £ e gained bythis measure , viz .: to put a stop to the peasantry leaving , or being driven from their native fields ; and accumulating iB large towns . ' That syitem beingno longer profitable

      to the manufacturers , Mr W . Rand proposes that it shall be abandoned . Again , the removal of those lmmtgrantH who are located in the mannfaoturing districts ( they having become a heavy burden to these who some years ago prevailed upon them'to leave their native fields' ) and their re-Bettlement in the agneulturalidifttrictfl , where , on the authority of our ; agricultural' societies , ' Mr W . Rand believes that agriculture presents a field in whioh to employ every idle labourer in the country . The lamentable decrease of- 'the numbers employed in agriculture ' Biuce 1811 , will , it ia expected , cease to exiat under an Equal National Poor Law . ' The result would be , ' says Mr W . Rand , ' a largely increased production , , an increased horns trade , and a much more satisfactory state of feeling among the working classes . ' '• ' ¦ ' ¦ ¦¦ ¦ ¦ ¦> •¦ ¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦ . ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦¦ .. ' -

      ,. It > s also asaertedi : « The result would be a great diminution of the aggregate , amount [ of the poor rate ] , in consequence of inoreaaed employment in the cultivation of the noil , and / Mr W . Rand Bftyu , # to should see contentedneas andsatuifaotion existing among those classes whose unfortunate condition £ i i ?*> " *? tjewed without 8 n > ? ty and alarm . ' Mr W , Rand does not fail * to impress upon his manufacturing roaders thti importance' of equalising the poor rates , because 'they are in many instances ten times morein the pound [ in large towns ] than the average rates in the agricultural parts of the kingdom / : . Now , feUqwcDnntrymen , it is undeniable that , ii such benefioial rejulta are consequent on the adoption of an Equal National Poor Rate , the oresent

      condition of the agricultural districts must be prosperous ; the farmers finding it difficult to obtain labourers , and capital pressing itself for investment in agricultural pursuits ? Else , Mr W . Rand has failed to discover a remedy for the evils he deplores . . . ; A few dars ago I had occasion to visit a farm house in Snnrey . That visit , though transient , furnished me with important information . It afforded me the means of demonstrating to Mr W . Rand , that the return o ! the agricultural immigrants ' from the manufacturing districts to'their native fields , ' oould not , until agricultural produce is made

      remuneratory , b 8 productive of the agricultural prosperity he anticipates . ' * It was a moonlight evening when I arrived at the railway station . Tbe farm house is a mile thence . On my way through the Bhady lanes I met several agricultural labourers—not returning from their work —but begging and seeking employment t My friend the farmer was absent . His farm-bailiff had business at a neighbouring village . I had not been long conversing with the wife of the latter ere Bhe was summoned to the outer door ; two unemployed labourers were there seeking for work ; one had been without employment thirteen , the . other ,

      ¦ even weeks ! The good housewife Informed me- 'Not an hour passed without Such applications . What is to become of the poor oreatures this winter , ' she exclaimed , I do not know' . ' She continued— Master is followed about by the poor labourers begging for work wherever he goes . He has no heart to refuse , and very often sends them to be employed by my husband when there is nothing for them to do : But , ' the wile continued , my husband says , ' ho will Boon tire ; prices are so low , and crops so bad . ' ' Enough to make any one tire 1 * I rejoined * On the return of the bailiff , I learned that 'in consequence of the kind disposition of his mwter , he had generally more labourers on his farm than he could profitably employ . ' On ray return , I walked with my friend th 9 farmer to the station . On the way he was besieged by labourers asking for work .

      In that district vast numbers are out of work . Many farmera are abandoning corn for milk , the uncertainty of remunerating prices being the reason asaigned . This ohange will cause Btill less employment for the labourers . I have not heard of any agricultural district where labourers are fully employed . 'A surplus population' is still the ory , proving how futile are the schemes of migration and emigration ; establishing the faot that the return of the immigrants from the manufacturing districts to 'their native fields' will not produce the benefits anticipated and promised by Mr W . Rand . And why ? Because , in agricultural pursuits , the prices are not remunerating , and farmers , like manufacturer ;) ,

      cannot employ labourers , and prosper , when there is ' no margin for profits at all , ' when they cannot' get prime coBt for anything . ' They wither under the chilliag worship of the god called' cheapness , ' which ib set up in England' by the manufacturers . As in the manufacturing districts , so in the agri cultural districts— ' Real prosperity oosBlsts in all being employed , and selliBg tbe products of indastrr for more than they cost . ' Those words are from the pen of Mr W . Rind . Is he prepared thus to administer to the agriculturists ? Then must he tsuhew every degma ot that school whose master ' s nomination he seconded at the last eleotion for the West Ridiag of Yorkshire 1 Why ia there a superabundance of latonrere in the

      agricultural distriots ? Way do the numbers em ployed in agriculture diminish ? Why do we not grow all the agricultural produce required for the people ? Not because we have not room , nor yet quality of soil . Solely because the manufacturers will eavk it so ! They think foreign produce cheaper , and foreign trade more profitable than those of home ! and , through him whose eleotion Mr W . Rand promoted , they have persuaded our Legislature to adopt that' great and serious delusion . ' When the manufacturers will cease to depress agrioultute , they may entertain the scheme of getting rid of the immigrants , who then , instead of' eating up' their betrayers , may once more become their

      best customers . I do not apologise for deferring the consideration of Mr W . Rand ' s third remedy . The information gleaned in the farm house is apposite , and will , I am sure , materially aid us in forming a proper estimate of Mr W . Rand ' s Becond remedy , ¦ It is necessary that that gentleman should explain how or by what prooess an equal national poor rate will enable the farncerato give employment' to every idle labourer in the country . ' Mr W . Rand has given the sanction of his name

      and talentB to the promotion of those objects ; he has used hia influence to establish those principles which have obtained an unhappy noteriety for Mr Richard Cobden , and hava oanssd ' England U set up a god called ' cheapness , ' to which 'everything in the shape of industry is to be sacrificed . ' He now teels the destructive nature of that idol ' s worship , and would fain release himself from its unbearable pres < sure ! It is not enough that he nominates certain modes of escape from his aelf-inflioted torture ; it is also required ot Aim to demonstrate how his proposed measures will relieve others , and insure their

      pros-It is neither wise nor safe to try more experiments on the patience of a suffering people—to make play things of a betrayed and famished peasantry ! At BUOn a time aa this—from suoh a man we expect reasens unanswerable- ' demonstration strong as Holy Writ' that what he now proposes will assuredly produce the promited results , and issue in the prosterity of the people . Mr W . Rand tells us , on the authority of ' our agricultural societies , ' that ' agriculture presents a field in whioh to employ tvery idle labourer in the country ; ' on the testimony ot' many of the most itflacntiaUnd eminent speakers at their meetings , ' ha informs as that 'our agricultural produce might be doubled with advantage . ' On his own authority

      he communicates ' the faot , that the land » f this country is capable , trader jtuS cultivation , ottvaetlij increased production . ' 1 believe all these statements . For the reasons I have given , I do not believe that an equal national poor-rate will enable tha agriculturists to bring a single additional acre into cultivation—or , to improve the culture of an acre—or , to give employment to ene additional labourer—or , to grow one more ear of corn ! It is for Mr W . Rand to expose my ignorance , and explain the workings of his promised remedy ! I remain , Englishmen , The true friend of native industry , in field , counting-house , shop , ship , or mill , Fulham , Middlesex . Richard Oawlkr . P . S . —In my lut letter , paragraph 3 rd , lino 1 st , for ' argument , ' read . ' ftgre « msftti '«» R . O .

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      Dumb ib . i 84 s ; . . ... ! 4 , v ^^^ . .... . . ' ¦ ¦ - .-t- ^ - the NfcftrHERiir star ' i

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 16, 1848, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1501/page/7/