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Northern Star (1837-1852), 2nd December 1848, Edition 1 of 3, Page 3, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      THE LBGIOSIST . - ^ atl uPditli ef CiiranmBMDKmn . Transta * *^ bjBrBoviaa .

      [ For the tight understanding of the following posm , it fcnecesiary to premise , that , after the pardden of Po-IK * , a somber of PoUe detarmtMft at « erj rbk to ^ r eethdr way tothe 8 outhofEurops , iaorder tojota tfc , ualM of Napoleon , to whoa they leoktd as the laitined deliverer of their country . Msoy of than aacbed tin wmj of Italy , and were known under the title of the Pottth Ltgioatita . The ; fought ia the Ger . Bin wars , and clatiaguUhid themselves in Egypt and Spain . Bombroskl m their leader aad afterwards lidr historian , whow menoin be bf questhed to the fttc rtry Society of Warsaw . —Oat of thtte jounj and arfer . t adientarari U the sutyet of these Tenet , 61 o >

      ( ions indeed bad It beta for Kapoleoo , happy for Polod , hippy for tbe world , if tbue braTe and generous entbnatoitt , initead of being mad aa the tooli of a worthlesa and derutatingambidan , had fees « ispfo ;« d aaleSy for tbe eofrtoehUetatnl of their oonntrjr , mod for the liber , ties of the world . At one period there wtrt so kit tore SQ . ec 0 Poles in the Krvk * of BaonepaiU , all looking to iim with the most ardent aff « cttea and deToted seal]—frmOator ' . , --. — O ' er the fair fields of Italy a steed And a jonst melancholy rider speed ;—A famlli-gronp observe the wanderer . Ha Mart be a stranger ;—Hospitality "With her kind voice , her smiling welcoming chetk | ' Xhu % bids tae father of tbe oootehold speak ,

      T 5 » ITAUAW , Tooth of the rosy lip and goldea tress ! O whither art thoa drives by ratlesnesa ! TO » y wandering from thy native North afer ! Say , what thy hopee , thy wants , thy passim * axe !

      m . - Sarmatia is my eotntry ; aid that word Tell * tbeeenough of mia « ry . Ansroeborde fi » to been my country ' s spoOers . I hare sought The stranger . —« nd mj blood , —» y balog brought ; 4 aadrop , nyPoland ! Iwoold k « pfortbeo : T « 1 oto , torcseoe ;—oil betides to me Is blank indifference . My sele heritage Are tkese good weapons . In his feeble age I kftny father ;—and he sentnaforth - To j « in my fsulchlaa'd brethren of the North . Whtre are they ! Sseak ! THI KAHA * . Ptnd youth ! thy hopes bewray : fattens , like men , bat flourish and decay . Some , too , was mlghty and sne held in chains The subjogated world . What now remains I She sank in rains ; time disperses all . So the fiuits bloom , —they ripen , aad they fall *

      rot * . H , > ms stood erect In fierce and boa strength ; But the sword broke , —the ehalns woreontatlength , Oar iron was the ploughshare , —and our gold The ifpa ears waring in the winds . Of old Oar steeds to labour and to war were trata'd ; -Our tickles mow ' 4 the fields , or victories gain'd . We s so * where our heroic fathers stood , Aod plough * d the land they water'd with their bleod ; We stack car swords mat spears oar boundaries round ; . And peace the brow of liberty bad crown'd : Thin cune our tyrant . fou ; our lands laid waste . Aad is the life-tide of ay country past t An * is her eestb-tneU sounded ? No ! Ho 1 Hoi The fires of freedom in oar bosomi glow ; We wstca the hour;—we sleep not . —Bone ' s proud heirs TO !; tat they fell not white one spark was theirs Of freedom . But we are not fallen;—We Scour the wife earth , invoking Liberty .

      xbe mm * . ¦ Oae sun iHamines all the globe . Where ' er We Iots acd are beloved , our ceutry 'a litre . Come , exile ! fix thea htr ? . The orange-tree . The tilto , and the vine , shsll bloom fer thee ; . !¦»; down thy wearjlng arms . Sear tuln'd Bom * Sare ' t is unmeet t » mourai tby land , —thy home . thi rote . Jot us the ana is clouded ;—no ptrfuma Of the swtet otugo fills our plaks ; no feloom Of Tines ie in our valleys . Yet the breeze On Carpith ' a sides is sweeter far than these . Theoonxfields waving like a wind . rock'd n 'Keath heavea'a bine temple , bending gracefuUy . Our rconstains bear within their gracite breut The war-repelling iroD . 0 how blest In their green dtlls to dwell!—compared t « this - All other bUas were but a worthless bliss .

      THS ITiUa * . Tet itUl the spirit ' s higher , holier put Seeks more refined enjojments—music ' s art , — That brings enchantment from the realms of song The wizard spirit bean the soul along ' To the bright age of god * and fable . Time Spares in his Sight the treat and the sublime .

      . THX 70 U . We owoj—we feel sweet art ' s bewitching spells Wi'kout It , life in narrower limits dwalls . Tet to my heart the voice of son ? is dumb : That htart lies buried ia raj aoder ' s lemto * Seaealh her heavy gr * vs-ston » . NoogVt to me But tbe harsh darkn ' s clang is harmony ; That only can awake my mother's sleep : That let me hear when sinking in the deep Bull eave of long forgetfulneu . If e ' er -Age should call back the blighted wanderer To his own home ; how swest beneath the shads Of the pale lime-tree—en the green tar ! laid—To mingle with asy country ' s sorrow , thought Of triumphs by her exQsd children bought . Our cities are in ashes;—from the block Oar j oaths ne'er chlsel'd gods ; yet on the rods By the wayaUe our heroes' tombs we see , Hitcrieg their deed * to time and hiatery .

      IHI tSkUUt . Thou ftlr-hair'dyouth ! these tones , so sad and stem , Become not life ' s gsy spring . 1 st old men mourn , Bat tboa , bejoyful . Let thy coaatry be In God ' s high hand—the King of kings is be ; But thoa , the felatk-tyed , sweet voiced msUeatake , forget tby gritf * , tby gloomy thoughts f « mko : Rjund her tby cfalldrea and thy boms shall bloom , for an the werld Is lore and virtue's Urns .

      xai row . Kb ) ! I have shed hot tears for her I lore ; Ifoeght but mr country ceuld oar hearts remove . Whenever I dose my pilgrimage , I'll bear To my old six * my sword—my heart to her , . One common land has bound aa ;—this oar tow , — Ireedom and onehargsd faith/—I swear U now , Se « p » ks , —the Ukrainian Xhtmstf met his oar , Oi the dark bills the Polish ranks appear .: And tike an arrow with his Steed be sptd , Willie Bome '» old bnrgbsr wondtrine beat bis head .

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      The Eitiory of Ireland . By T . Wright , M-A .. F . S . A ., 4 j . PartiV . Lrodon : J . tndF . Tallii i 10 O , St John Street This part dataQa toe history of Ireland from tbe btter end of the reign of King Joha to the latter end « f the refgn of Edward lL— % period ef aboat one fcandred and fiftesa . je * n . Oppreaien ! , inaarreofiona , fends , win , assassination " , plondenBgs , snd lUnghteriogt , aeem daring this period to hate tamed Ireland into one huge * field of blcod . ' Asnml , the Irish appear to h » T 8 been more intent upon catting each others throat ! than making any we'Ladnsed eSwt to redeem their eoontry from foreign opprcsrim . The fend , of the Anglo-Norman , or perhaps it would be more preper to call them Anglo-lnsh

      iitau , seeisgtBrt StroagbowTi brood h » d now Deowne the asttled bom and bred occupier * of the soil , added io the mtserieaof the unhappy country . The invasion ^ fEdward Brace , brother of tbefwnousRobatBrBoe , aeems to have put the climax on the horrors of this { tried . The ScoUr » T » ged the country . with fire and sword , and women and children , as well if men , were destroyed in mum . Famine ud pestilence com * Dieted the work left Bnanuhed by war . Dnring the three yean aad a half of Bttioe ' a power the famint man terrible-owing to thederaiftted sUteof toa oonntry—that , according to the native Iaihehroniolen 'roea dideoomonly eat one another for want of B&jteBanoe . ' The death of Edward Braee , who was alain in battle , pnt an esd to the frightful enterprise eftaeSedttiahuTaien . ¦ , _ .

      „ lathe wan of the Iri sh with eaeaother , - the English appear to hm acted on the infamous policy aubee-< TBently employed witk signal aoeoees in India , In feefactiowaBd often faeaeherew war&re ef ehiaf ttsiBstehief . asd ofriral eomprtitorsfer the nme ^ sitj , the EBgUaQieem to hue been in the habit of atppertiaftkeptxtywhowM mostin the wrosfc or totoriooBly a pretender . ' ^ But the itr « ffileone « deeided . the psrty wh > bad received thesapport of the EatUihwainotloDe permittedtorejgnorraleunmc luted . Fntextaeoaldnereroe waatinstop iQahan » arDer , and of ooane the wad pnnishmearwai tte fcrfeitura of theoovated territory to the Englisn , The Irish prinasi'protected'by tliB Englirii were treated ai nssais , and cfun » tr « ped of their titles , and depriwd

      rf their lirei by their frotectori / Unhappily ; tte Iriih thtBtslTBt afforded their enemiei every facility for eirrjiogoit this iofamoMSjstem . Iatheoparte of the hundred and fifteen yean embraced ia this Pf trt of the history , there appears to haTe been bat ooe attempt made to rally the Irish to a national Ktrotele for the expulsion of the English from the ulaod . Onetattie-theoskbrated battle ot Dowa . in which Brian O'N « U 1 , the ehief of the anb-Engush confederation , was slain—sufficed to pat an end to a ejmbination which prodae « d resalta the opposite to feosa intended by iU promoters . The sabseqaent Wan of the Irish against the English were the mere inles . Btruggla of bribes and ftetiona . It was against each other tint the Irish principally turned their ama . Waate told that Edward the First ' was desirous of * B j feofter is meant heca the native Isnd . Tbe iu * V >*** attachment of tbe Poles to their coont 7 m : de fttie terms synonymous , f Ba&ads .

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      considering the . whola popolation of Inland aa hi * titt&f&Vffi 1 ***™*** » regard tbe Irish popalatioa only , ia th » l » ht » f ^ W ^ t ^ J ^ ht plBhder Md i 1 * ngfier lt w » U . Intte eye of the law as it now stood , an Ksh . mtneonld notrieai in an EnglJah ^" nffi prachwoftabngtke lawintobiiown hands . qC oaseaiUostrativeof thiirtate of Sinn hwe been SlViW ^ * k *» ri » «» Edward ' a rljn . fa 2 Si ^ ° 4 5 ° «^ » a Wi >« sued fbr eirtaia Rood * , pleaded newly that the plaintiff *«?„ S" !? " ' ^^ ^ * * »»•"*** to demand ^? i"A "* n ^ . « . ? ° « fi « l » Panbeingcharged derat least MMliilAwBa il . i . _ a _ . - _ I

      J" ° > ™« , or with naaslanghter , aokno w . Iedgedthe fact , bu t pleaded that the dead man was eat of the pale were considered by the English as being not much above wild beast * , which they might hunt and destroy at pleasure . ' Well might Sir John Davis say in speaking of the Irish : —« A » every Englishman might oppress , spoil , and kill then without controlment , how was it possible they should baother than outlaws and enemies to the crowa of Eugllna ? " * If the . Engliaa would neither in Beaoe goTem them by the law , nor in war root them out by the swcid , matt they not needs be pricks is their eyes , acd thorns is their sides , till the world ' s end

      This part contains several interesting historical episodes , such as the horrible deaths of Maude and William de Braose ; the treacherous killing of Richard , the great Earl of Pembroke ; the romantic end of Geoffrey O'Dounell ; the walling of New Rom , and the strange story of the Lady Alice Kjteler and the Bahop ot Ossory . The illustration fo a splendid steel engraving of' The Battle of the Boyne . '

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      PoHtkal and Polemical Pamphlets . London : J . Watson , 3 , Queen ' s Head Passage , Paternoster Row . Earlier editions of most of the pamphlets we have classed together under the heading ' Political and Polemical / have been nsticed in former numbers cf thi journal . We give the titles ; -l , —4 n Account ' o / ihtRUcmarmgrtttof . German Gdrnmnim , wth a Memoir of Wilhelm Weitling , & 9 . 2 . —Later Opin * ing at the Pott 0 § ce . ( A reprint of an admirable article which appeared in No . 82 of the Watmintter Review , on the rerelations of Sir James Graham ' s

      Post Office yilliniet . ) Z . —The Scripiuriaris Creed . 4 . —Re Bol y Seripturet Ahalgud . ( A striking and laborious work . ) 5 . —in Examination of the Holy Scnpiuret , ( Attributed to Lord Bolingbroke , bat now said to have been written by Voltaire . ) 6 —A Dissertation on the Being and Attribute * of God . ( We formerly expressed a favourable opinion of the ability of the author—T ; S . Mackintosh—as exhibited in this pamphlet . ) l . —The ThreeLmpotton . ( A earious bat somewhat over-rated work , which we reviewed at length on a former occasion ) . The whole of these pamphlets will repay perusal . ¦¦

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      m ' ' TO THE PEOPLE OF ENGLAND . LwUVl . Fsiirw Gonnamur . — Not anything is mere satisfactory in discussion , thin that the disputants should have a dear understanding of the grounds on which the argument resta . In my last letter , I furnished you with a list of truths on whioh Mr Rand and I agree , and whieh we are bound to support in every stage of this dis * cession . . r I purposely reserved two ether points oF agreement , because I wished that they should be especially remembered ; hence I determced to place them separately . They are these : — < 13 . The employment of capital in branches of industry , whose productions can&et be sold for more than they co 4 , is ruinous . .

      13 . Although the population of England is increasing , the population engaged in agriculture is decreasing . . Having described the poverty , destitution , aad crime that now obtain in the manufacturing districts of the West Riding ef Yorkshire , » sd etoted what he believes ts ba the causes thereof , Mr William Rand suggests certain remedies , ume of whioh he confidently expects will produce ' prosperity and bettor timer . ' : .: . I earnestly request your undivided and unprejudiced attention to the consideration of these proposed remedies , fully concurring in the opinion of Mr W . Riod that , without controversy , this is ' the most important question of the day / It is the question that now convulses Europe . Batter that it it ba settled by reason than the sword .

      The proposer of these remedies has had peculiar opportunities of investigation . He has for many yean devoted his time to the examination and study of the subject . I believe that he sincerely desires to arrive at the truth . ' The opinions of such a man ought never to be treated lightly . At a time like this , they art of double weight . I . shall enter on their examination with thoughtfulness and caution . If , after the most rigid inquiry , I should feel bound to dissent , I snail do so with relaetanee , and not without seme fear that I may have failed to discover tbe truth . Thtse are the remedies proposed by Mr William Rand :-. 1 st . —A great modification of PeelYBiUof 1844 . ' 2 nd . —An equal national poor-rate . 3 rd . —Free selling , aa well as free baying ; or Free Trade fully and fairly carried eat .

      MrW . Sand does net define what modification of Peel's Bill' would be necessary , nor is he quite sere that this remedy would be successful : he says , * it is a matter on which different opinions will be entertained . ' ' Whatever may be the effect of < Peel's Bill' upon the question of prices , and on whieh , as I have said , opinions may differ , '&o . No ground for discussion is here laid . Nothing is offered upon whieh an opinion can be given . I am free to confess the question of the currency is one which I have not been able to comprehend ., I entertain an opinion , that the ¦ Aot of Parliament prioe of gold was fixed on false data , bj taon who had an interest in cheating tha debtor . I also think that silver might be benetioMy and safely used as a leyal tender . ¦ I have been told by a highly esteemed friend , that the late Sir Robert Peel informed him ) ' he should gain £ 500 . 000 by his eoa ' s measure , ' and he designated it' an unjust bill . ' It is olear that an Act of

      Parliament that puts half a million of pounds into a man ' s pocket , without any exercise of skill or industry , must be fraudulent . Some ether persons must have bean robbed to effect that change . " I have abo been told by a friend , on when I can rely , that the architect who erected : Sir Robert Peel ' s mansion at Whitehall , told him , 'inconsequence ofthechange in tbe currency , that building had cost one third less . ' The difference was , of eonrse . abstracted from the producers of the materials and the workmen employed in the erection ; the lucky Baronet retaining it , to the credit acotunt of Peel ' s Bill . ' Saoh facts are very suspicious , but . as I before said , 'the currency' has , hitherto , baffled my skill aad patisnee . On the toundneuand efficacy of ' an equal national poor-rate / Mr W . Ksnd has no doubt . He treats it with the confidence of a master-mind that bsi , after tbe most patient and mature investigation , solved every doubt . , '

      The principle en whieh this measure rests is thus stated— 'The maintenance of the poar is a national and not a local duty / I doubt , with deference , tbesonzdnen of this principle . I have hitherto believed that there was much to admire in our parochialsjstem . I think that the strength of tha nation is mainly attributable to the nrightanrly links that bind all the parishioners tege ther—that the strongest security for good conduct is tt > be found in that system—that , therein , the true feeling of ' home / ( so peculiar to Englishmen ) is planted and nourished . : . By that system , tha owners of . the acres , and of the houses are made responsible for the main-Unsnee tf the labouring people of their own pa .

      rish—they , in their turn , reebgnise their dependence on those who they know are answerable for their well-being . It seems to me that the parochial system is natural , and also Christian . It is natural that a man should have an attachment to , and a elaimon the place ef his birth ; Christianity teaches that duties begin at homo , and extend from that centre . The constitutional order of right to maintenance is first fails , the olaim rises to the aeeond , next to fh ? third , awi last to tbe foarth . Leteverythingbedone in order .

      I know Out I am * all of thadin time I' -I have tailed to discover anything in the new fancied generdising system that is » sound , so good , to sale , so profitable , as in those strong and endearing bonds of sympathy and union on whieb , our parochial system retts-where the poorest of the people an knows and cared for by the richest-where all , panen , doctor , squire , farmer , manufacturer , ahopkeeper , labourer , and paaper , have a matnal interest in each others '' welfare—a mutual respect for each others' character —where property is secured and improved by attention to its duties—where the pain of poverty is removed , or ameliorated , by reject shown to its

      rights . . * I entertain an opinion that , when the parochial attachment * are dissolved and its datita are disregarded , the glory and strength of England is undermined . Till they are again fully recognised , I believe we cannot have' prosperity and better times f consequently , I think , 'the maintenance of the poor is a local duty . ' One great evil in the new Poor Law is , that it is an attack on the parochial system . Mr W . Rand bears ample testimony to its ruinous operation , I think he errs , when , to remove those evils , he proposes to extend the prkoiple that has created them . * I have , I hope without arrogance , stated my rea-• oofor disssntingfrom the principle Ql ' an equal national poor-rate , ' . ' _ , "

      On the beneficial operation and result of that raea-8 sre Mr W . Rand has not a shadow of a doubt . ' Had we a national poor-rate , ' he Bays , ' we should

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      & ^ J ! nildiB * , ^* f" * iltaral parts of she Kmgdom ; the people weald be mow uniformly TE * ktn 2 f $ * & * F 7-i ^ W «« ntry ; would live near the fields they oaltivate , and the result wrald h !* * - "JSP * r » ke *^ produotien , an inowased home trade , and a m * jeh ' more satisfaotew sUta of weiing among the working elasses . ' # The result U ?^ *?» , ¦ ¦ " « ' - « mination of the aggregate ¦ I 0 . ) ( of the poorH » tes ) ,. in ooniequenoe of , in . creased employment ia the cultivations ? the soil , and we BhouldseeiBonteBtedneBsandBatiifaetion ex . wting among those classes whose unfortunate eonditioa cannot vbe viewed ; without anxiety and ¦ I ™™ : ' The want of such ameasure as aa ( qubI '

      , , " moSIf ^; " ^ lies at the very - ' « wt of our great MrW . Rand'kofoBiDww that an equal national pooi-rate would ' mike it the interest of every man to . promote employment , ' and not only put a stop t » imaagrationfrom " fha rural districts , but also ^ be themesBsof drawing back those agricultural lai oourers who nsw crowd the manufacturing tewnB and villages . -: ¦ ' ¦ ¦ : . - ¦ : ¦ ,. ¦ -.. ¦ ¦ The * arelnaeealarge ; expectaaow ; wouldthata measure calculated to realise them were immediately adopted ! ' . " '• ' We must , however , always remember , that if a proposal is unjust , it cannot be prbfitafcle . I reipeofr .

      [ ally ask , is Mr W . Rand ' s sohemejust ? Is it just , that the property of Dprking , in Surrey , should be ratedfor the sdpportoftee poor 6 f Bradford , in Yorkshire ? Is i < jni that the agricultural dwtflcta should be subjeot to tha maintenance of the poor in mwuflOtBriag distriets ? Does Mr W . R » nd reply , The case is nofc fairly stated . I do not object to Bradford sopporting its own poor , or to the msnu-. iMturing distriots maintaining theirs . My complaint is , that we , in Bradford , are now , under the system oi local rating , obliged tosupport the poor immigrants from the agricultural districts 1 ' Therejoinder is as short as it is conelusivei' You wobxd bavk ir so ! < . ¦ : ¦ • . ! .:

      Again , I ask , is it jast that the apricnlturiits should be charged with- the support of those whose labour iu their fields ha * , at the bidding of the manufacturers , been made profitless ! ' The manu f acturers persuaded the government to act upon the principle that , ' England would be more wealthy if she did not grow asingleearof corn . ' That 'England was never intended to be an agricultural country ; her destiny bemg-the workshop of the world 1 ' Is it jut that the immigrants should be returned to those homes ( now , perhaps , demolished ) from which ( by such manufacturers < oreated-po 7 erty ) they have been driven ? Ii it indeed jmt that , after having been allured into the manufacturing distriots , under the aau-ance , from the manufacturers of ' cheap bread , high wages , and plenty to do , ' they sliouWaow be driven back again ? That ;; after ' having undergone so much suffering aBdpnvatien-havini-lost their

      tural habits , and become emaciated under the tffeots of their adopted avocation in the mills , they should now ba cashiered ? It seems difficult to admit the justice of suchacts . " ¦ : . > . It would have been well for the manufacturers anil immigrants had these peasants retained their profitable employment at home ; but seeing that , at the bidding of the foraer . that employment has been made valueless , and that , for the supposed benefit of the manufacturers , the peasants were transformed into artisans , justice requires that those adopted straagen should be sustained by the manufacturer !) until their return will be profitable to themselves and their agricultural employers . Nine will rejoice more than myself when that happy period arrives ! No one will labour more assiduously to promote it Willi * an equal national poor * rate hasten its advent ? I think not . s

      -Mr ff . Rand knows , a measure that will produce the mulls he so confidently predicts , muBt be oalcu . ja ' ed to cause the emplojiflent and increa » e of capital . Be knows that capital snuBB those occupations where yon can hardly get prime cost for anything , leaving no margin for profit at all . ' Mr W . Rand is aware that no increase can be expected from indua . trial pursuits whose produce ' is sa Baorificed to ebeapness that prime cost cannot be got for any thug . ' Be feels these truths aa » manafaoturertheir operation is the same in agriculture .

      I cannot perceive upsn wLat principle Mr W . Rand expects' an equal national poor-rate' would Increase the capital employed in agriculture , which , to prodace the benefits he anticipate * , mast be the result of its operation ! Its object is , to throw back upon the agriculturists the charge of tbe maintenance of these poor immigrants , thus reducing , instead of in . creasing , the capital employed in agrioultare . then , confusion would be more confounded . Mr W . Rwd is , I have no doubt , anxious that the results he anticipates should be realised ; he must , therefore , turn his attention to some plan that will give security and profit to agricultural

      operationstnen , but not till then , will capital seek employment in agriculture . On b flection , he will , no doubt , perceive that ' an equal national poor-rate ' : would fail to give such security and profit ... It is the same ' god , cheapness , ' that refuses employment in the mills and the fields ! Let the owners of both , and the workers in both , refuse any longer to worihip that God ! Let every Aot of Parliament that hits been passed to uphold his worship be revealed ! And let th&laws of the only True God . the God of Lore , ba respected in all future Acts of Parliament ! Then , we may humbly , bat confidently , expect ' prosperity and better times . ' Till then , we may look for adversity and worse times ! . ' i . - : '

      Again , ' an equal national poor-rate' would strengthen the very wasteful , demoralising , and uncivilised habit of migration , and thus very materially tend to decrease our national strength and capital . The loss to the workman in seeking employment is , in ' . time and money , immense . The morals of the people are thereby loosened , and the eafety of a nation is impaired . ¦ - . : ¦¦ Why Bhould not profitable employment be always at band at home , in his owa parish , for every able bodied man ? Mr William Rind admits that' the productions of agriculture are far less than the home demand requires , ' and that ' agriculture presents a field in whioh to employ every idle labourer in tbe oouutry , ' Well , then , we have the fields and the

      labourers—the capital only is wanting . There ' is abundance of money now . waiting for profitable etc . plojment . Why is it not employed in the produc . turns of agrioultaie ? This ia the only reason : tbe people of England have been taught by the manufacturers that foreign agricultural produce is * cheaper than English agricultural produce , because it may purchased at a louierpriee . Will' an equal national poar-rato' remove that delusion ? . No ...,.,. Fellow countrymen , I have thoughtfully , and in a friendly spirit , examined Mr W . Rand's second pro . posed remedy for our national adversity . lam bound most respestfully to dissent , became I think it is unsound in principle—unjust in operation—and that it will be ineffectual in its results . ¦ ¦ .

      MrW . Rand ' s third remedy will pass under review Jn my next letter . I remain , Englishman , ' One oi the olden time , ' Richard Oistua . Fulham , Middlesex , Nor . 8 , b , 1848 . P . S . This appears to b » Mr W . Rand ' s mistake . He thinks , when' an equal national poor-rate' is granted , the agriculturists ' will nttettarily give , em . plojment to the immigrants . Mr W . Rand forgets that it will be impossible to give them employment without additional capital ; and that , without profit , capital cannot be found . If ' cheapness'is suffered to continue' England ' s god '—should the , immigrants return , they must become pauper ? , and thekmoutit subitractedfw their reliej , from the capital now employed in agriculture , would neceuwrily cause the employment of fever labourers , the number of panpen would thereby be increased . ; . R . O . ' ; ; : ¦¦ ¦ : . - ¦ ¦ ' ¦ . " ; ¦¦ , .. ¦ /

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      EsoiPB o ? A Conner veom the Shbuno iCastlb Convict Ship , at FoaxnoniH . —A convict , named Ogle , managed , with a considerable degree of cleverness , to escape on Monday night , or rather Jon Taegday morning , from this ship , which lies alongside the jetty of Portsmouth Dockyard . The man was-a notorious character ; he w'as fermsrly eonvicted of robbery , and transported , and for bad behaviour was sent to Norfolk Island , where he contrived to escape from his keepers , and for seme time led thepre * carious life of a bushranger ; he afterwards managed to escape to some vessel , and eame home , where he had not remained any time , before he commenced his former vooatieaavwas : taken , reoo gnued , and anin sentenced for twenty-one years ,, Being sent to

      tfis York priion-ship , for come refrHtory eonftipt be was sent for more rigid confinement to the Stirling Castle , where he was placed in one of the moat ' s * cure cells ; by same unexplained method he managed , about three o ' clock on Tuesday morning , to let himself out ( ortogetsome ather person to do w > , for there can be little doubt but the fellow must have had assktenoe ) of his eell , after this he bad to pass through . two doors , each ef which were strongly sn eared with outside lookf . He then found one of the effioer ' acabina that wasanosoupied , the officer being on leave on shore , which he eaterad , and there dressed himself in a uniform oeat and cap , and deliberately but quietly walked on shore to the jettyto ashortdiitanoe from the ship , where the Stirling Castle b-ata arensnally secured ; . he got into one of them ; arid pushed eff into the tide . In the morning

      the boat was picked up , and the prisoner ' s eseape die * covered ; but strange to say , the doors were found all securely locked . , The policeman who . was on duty at the dockyard says ( as we understand ) that he saw the man in the beat , and supposed him to ba one of the guards ; that be spoke to the guard on the deck of the Stirling' Castle , . andVatiftd" if all was . right , and was answered in the affirmative . : The case will ,-no doubt , undergo a thorough investigation , aud it is only proper it should . From the repeated escape of convicts from Portsmouth , there is evidently a want of proper vigilance in the guard placed over them . It was only last weak that a number of felons confined on board the York convict ahip , lying eff Gosport , laid a well-arrangei plan toesoape , but in this instanee it was frustrated by some , of the gang giving information of the proceedings te thQ authorities !

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      BMIQRATlOlf- ' A LBTTBR ADDRB 88 JD 1 & TBB HOH . Ti 800 TIJ M . P . !» - % MUntlonhsibseadlrsetsdto a . rspo * tof » »« tt 0 KPublished , inths Moihiho Caaowotaof W « ine" « 7 » the , 9 th Noveobw . the meeting was held Is iisadii the OBJtotwaVtoqn ' cdursgsem ^ Maoii to " oar Australia * colonies , and you were the ' principal speaker . ! Toar :. poslilen as a memberof thelegislature , fln « your frank and opsn deolariUea of ditlotersstcdatH ' — — -. ... .. , -...- -... . ...

      , M ^!! l ' . W * . T « . *• »« , ch «««*« fi « f * mere agent in the employ of a company , and mainly conduct to cause me ttf address ; you > a thespeepb you iher ' e deHYsred , aaa al » on the speeohei of your . collesgUBS , Uesir ' s Logan nd Boyd . The sUbJeot of emigration is gradually swelllBK inioiimportanoe , ' and U lookod upon by many bb an improvemfent npon oat pwsent sooisl condltlori , whlUt . oftersiiffirm-. ' that satxteBtWe Bysttm of emlgratlon would be ' a remedy for the . naiionai diatress . ' Therefore it Is that I tbinti this a fitting time to ezpreaa »» opinions thereon ; ' :

      Tour speech Is reported as fol ' ows : — Ho ( Mr ScoU ) ^ would arava to them that , whilst ! n tbli Ula&dwant , penury , and luffaring . were , extendlag , there , was room aad vsrj ; e enough for them all eisenbere ., If th » y T » und in tbia country so inuoh destitution , and bo much' want of employmeat , leading to distitmioD ^ was it no ' t inoura . bent on them , anuou gh ' some ' ttlgbt fano ' y they were BeeWng : to send thsm ' Ottt of the country la order to get rid of thenu-jHasr , hsar , ! and ories of « 6 lre us employ , jnrot , here ') . ; It wu , entirely optional with those who he » rd hlm . whether they rematusd In tbli eeiratrj or eialgrated , bit alnoe It spptand ' to ba the oplnioa o ! soms ol them that the / wanted to AoTtlth ^ in out—f » rthat was the tehn ^ -or . lriotKBrwdrBi , to get rid of fteia , as he had b . jH , he- was Induetd te nad them as extract of a

      'l 8 ttsr . he had ^ weived , from a matter of workmen in a dls ^ tpsrt of thecountry ,, who , dtp ^ cat « d the holding $ flWttogs . l&e that , . leat the men ia ' . hli employ should bs rendtred 4 Uutl » fied by . bearlrigbf the wa ' jes obtained in the ' eoioniei . Having read the ' eitract'td t ' he * ffeot stated ; thV ' -hbii . gentlsmari ' proe » Med to quote largely 'from official documents to show , the destitute itaU of the population , of ; EBg !« mj ,, ; One man in every ten , sald ; 8 lr J * me . s . OrAhkin , • J »» rttlmB , » go , w « s Ju receipt of ps > rlih relief in this oountry ; > ut new he' eoierTsd from a return up . to Juns l » it , It was B » t ten per cent . W elerea per cent , of tbe population redeived psroehial re . lie ' , for th » psrsons so relieved amounted to 1 , 700 009 out of 15 ; 00 » , 000 ; f 7 , 000 . 009 , wai railed annusllf ' for ih « rsJief of the pijor in Eogltnd , and £ 530 , 000 1 b Scotland ,

      end taking , the » mouQt , oollecte « 3 for and raised in Ireland at £ 1 , 860 , 957 , it " m « de a total of £ 9 , 460 , 937 as the mm levied annually , in ths Biltlea smpirs for the relief of th « poor , or three times the cost of the' civil ; goytrn . meat , independently of the eoit of the army and navy . Btildeashe regular standing feres thera was the caeual poor , a . kind of dlBposable force , moving about and ex . , heu » ting , eirery parisb they went through ; ' He would not trouble them with details ' , bit would stats this with re gsrd to the vsgraatB ; In 1815 there were 1 , 791 vsgranti In one part of the metropolis , and io 1826 , in . the same district in Londoa , thty ^ hadincreaBed to 16 , 028 . In 1839 the . number ; was . 35 , 600 , whioh had , incresaed in 1817 , to ( " ii . lii . He sn ' lght ' . state , moriovsr , that in a certain dlsttict SBUth of the Thames , ' that for the sis

      months ending Sept , 1818 , the numbtr WBS 18 , 688 , which had increased during tag game ill months in 1847 to 11937 . And in this very county , in . one of the first nnlona in the Writ Riding , in ; i 838 , ono ysgraot was relibved , and in 1847 , 1 , 161 . This , ' he thought , afforded a pretty streng , dark , and- gloomy picture of the state of deatltutlen prevailing in this cbunlry . If this was bo , it behoved them to inquire whether or net other parts of this empire , gorerned by tbe same laws , under the controul of tbe same SoVeretgo , ; did , nof ! offur employment with better remuneration . Since the beginning of 1817 three hundred tbouMns * valuable colonists bad gone and settled in the United States , taking their mosey , their Induairy , to promote the proaseritj of that foreign coan . try-. ( hear ; bear , and obeeri )— whilst frem 1815 to 1847

      n « ta solitary individual wtnt to New South \ Wal » a ax the pnblio eipenae .., ., And-jet the highest authority In ! tbe country , and . a . very able man he was ( EmI Orfy ) , thought nothing csald bo more aatiafaotory than the ¦ tate of emigration between this cooDtry and Anatrolia , If they would be ¦ induoed to go to Australia inaUad of depending upen the alms : and doaatiois of others here , they might place themselvts ina poiitlon of comfort , and be enabled to afford aBslstancs to their relations . If they coniUered pauptra that coat them here £ 8 a head per atnum , whUti by this change they would make bim happy , Independent , » od aelf . inpportlng' and if , inad . ditlon to this £ 8 per ' unnutn ^ end'the boat of bis pasasge , being £ 10 to £ 13 , and In two years he more thas repaid the . whels amouot of his passage ,, Every man who went

      ta , ABStralla paid back again in two , years tbe value in labour . given to this country to the amount of £ 15 8 i . 6 d . ; i"d that ; iaiiteaabf being a burden of £ 8 , hewasa banefit'to ihe'amount stated . If they put Uiese figures to- ' getherj they weuld , he theught , be able * to estimate the amount of benefit conferred net only uponthe emigrant , but also upon those who remained at home . Ii he went to North America , it would coat him £ 5 , but he would be twenty years in paying back the value of his psaasge , as' the relative proportion '' of taanufacturcd goods exported to the states' is ' only 5 * . 8 ' JJ - From this they wonld see the Importance ^ of- '' CBlgratioB to tha Au « .

      tvallan e&l&nUs . Thi con cf th « i buitii of e » cV pauper !• £ 8 a year ,, and H they ; added the benefit , in the extra canaumption for goods ; to the amount of £ 7 Us . 3 , 1 , per' anmim , there would' be a clear gala by the tranafertnee of' £ 15 14 a , 31 . Take a third view of the oaae . If £ 8 pir annum was the cost of tha burden ; in ten years that became £ 80 .- v In Aua . tralia ; be beaeflud by eontrlbutions the aom ef £ 22 , making a difference of £ iO 2 , in tapseten years , ' After aome otherremarJtB to the s . sme tffioi , the hon . gantle . . man conclndefl Va apeich with an impatalonsd appeal to theaelMntere » tandcommon . i » nae , aa wollasall the higher feelings ; of bis audience . ' ¦

      Your account of the oondltion pf England ia but too true—the figures you quote are undeniable , they are the ' handwriting ontho wall that indicate national destruction , and come far abort of the real mlairy exlatiog in the heart ef . this richly poor state of which we are eltiien ' s . ' The drunken mas ' reel ' s as he exults inhis viee , and we pity his depraved morality—the gambler aiokena at the throw of the dice that ' seals his fate and fortunebut Intoxication and excitement drown the pain and destroy . rtflsotion .: Return , horns with them , te their dtagy dweiling—Beeremoraoanddeipalr , doub » and mad . neBB follow—mark starving wives and iqaalld children ; and you will discover , that tbtewlng dlee has lost more than gold—aad drunkcanwa hsa conaumid eaieatlala ol more value than time and ; monsy . ' Taoieforin subject * of reflection for the morali » t , state « ni » o , and phyitolin , and , show that t&dib is more than , faoi ,: and 'that national lowei caanot be folly Mtlmnted by flgurei ttlous . ' "''"' ' " ¦ ' . ' " ; ' " V '

      ,--When dofcrlbiog ths miserable condition pf the people to Bueh an anditnee ai you addreiiedln Lcedi , do yon , or have you em r fleofedoh the hletory of the . trade and mansficturta of this country I If you bavs , why do you omit to notice , the following facts , s > intimatelj bound up with the condition oi the ptople , and . related to tour question of ' want of empiejmEn ' t ? ' In the yesr 1811 the population of Great Britain ameuated to 12 , 596 . 808 , of » hicbi 4 , 408 ; 880 wered » pehdant on agricul . tare ; in 1841 , the population of Great Britain amounted to 18 . 811 , 434 , of which 4 , 145 , 775 were dependant on sgri culture , aborting o dteresao ot cnploymeDt In agricul . tan ! puiBoUsoJf 263 , 105 persons ; during ; whiph period wo havej had an ' increase of population of not ' lsss than 49 } per oent . and bad the tilling of the Land found an

      adequate Inoreaaa ofemplojmunt , proportionate to the inorease of population , tbe numbers employed In agriculture , in the year 1841 woold have betn 6 , 591 , 276 periona , being aetualiy . 2 445 , 501 ptraonamoM than arc now em . ployed . We here ptrcelve , at » glance , that England has been the great snamy of heraelf ; and the effects of her aulclda ' l policy are now visited oh the heads of her childrea . Instead of pursuing a policy' that would bare . ipread her , maDufsottreB over her entire surface , and encouraging an agrlpnltural deyslppement that would have employed her people , and Increased her means of subsistence , her land-owners and , mannfastarers have leagued together to " buy . and ' aell her population as alaves ; the results are , inoreaHd rent-roll * , ihoreased fortunes , Increased , psuptrksq , and increased poorrates .

      And as sb improvement upon tk | a state of th | pg » , we bare priacbtd the , rolBfraWe m » it » . » hifi of SmlgratioD , by men who pass current asstateanea and poUticlRns , Trniy ha * It been writtta , That England la a fen of stagnant waters . ' Theaeatatementt are hUtorioal , and canbe inefutttbly provtd . ' Ths foreign trade « f England hae been doubled since : the pastlag of the Reform BUI ; whilst cattonyarn whioh . sold in . 1814 f « r 5 s . 6 i ., mBy now bo bought , for 8 J . per pound ; oallooes whioh : then sold at from 2 » . to 3 i . per jard ' . may now be bought' at froa 4 a . t 6 7 d . ; prints wklck th ' ea « old at from 4 s ; to 7 i . p « r yard , are n » w worth 101 allka ttt dressti esu now be purchased for one balf their former prloea . -Goohiueal , cinnamon , faaoy ; work . boxei ,, muilcal inatruments , furs , bonnet * , cambric net work , and , in . fact ,

      • very requisite of oamfors aad Inxury at the command of the CBpitaUat , landlord ani anrultsnt , have falltn ooe balf in value . By a refereoeeto -the Parliamentary r * . turns for 1814 , we ditcovsr tbit the whole amount , of inooaiederivable from Land was £ 87 , 668 , 847 . Iu 1813 , ithadinoreasad tp * 4 » . 758 , 615 being an inoriaae pf . upwarda ofj £ 8 . ep 0 . 0 bo sterling _ per annum ' ; - and as Imoney cannot he calculated by any Btondard of tatrlniW , T » lao , rat Is more or less valuable , depending upon' the quan « % of neoeessriei , luxuries , and oomforto it ban enable its poHeiaqr . to acquire , it follews . that tke apparent iooresstipf £ 8 000 , 000 , of rental anmujly , is a real , laertateof £ 16 , o 6 o , OOO , lu value ¦ , and so on in pioporUon with all the Interests of the mo&fed and landed olassei in tklscountry ; . ¦ ' "•

      Let bs . next examine the waics of the labourer , Mr Barton , In o table drawn up from authentic sbnrces , gives the followlng . stat « ment : —Iu the year 148 & ; wheat , per quarter ^ waa Ai . 18 d . —ffagcB ,. per week : It , lOjd . ™ * BM , la plots of wheat , 199 .:, The Mine taWe , cqifnued by Mr Wade . to the year 1640 , shews—that wbe _ at , pa * . quarter , was 66 s . 4 a . ; ' wegefcTp « week , Us . ; » pints of wheat , 85 . ; In the year 1797 , the average wagcB of hahd-lodm m »" wra wa 8 ' £ 19 j . per week ; flour , per load , &t t » . In 181 l > wages , p » t week , 14 s . '; floor ; per load ,. 10 b . 1830 , wagei . ' per week , 5 s , ' 6 d ; flour ; per Ioa 9 j £ 810 s .

      ! T 5 i « a tables of wagei' clearly wWWt tie ttnaeBcy of : Wgoue vwr <; and if , further proof wore neoeeaary , the ' fl < ures used by j-ooraelf on the Increaae ef poor , . acd poor rates' would be amply s&f&oltBt ; sad I may add ,

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      ^ ' S SS ^^^^^ J ^^ ***** ^ J ^^ W' ^ w opaylBf snd ' sslUni i 1 st « . akallH ^ ^ dMb ^ h" « - ¦¦ MM * SaJSr 2 ? T ° the J 9 t * oV * ebni . r ,, il 825 , tb . 2 SS ? ¦ 'ffit ^" *' - ' ° " » " » , RartfaBs of ^ SsS ^ ffls t *™?' ? ¦ ' 10 tn a manufacturers

      ^« . n * : „ - ^ were dren-ohMdrenof seveayears « f ageiias ^» Dr « it ! c « e to thla paper . ' « ifr R , CTiaani ( . j : ItajiBe Wsthat ' overmra-ef the msnufsotarers of the no « l * tor the dlipoaal of rtelr children . Iathl * . manner waggon teads of thaMUttia . crsatares

      are sent down , to be . af-jhfr dlapoBal of their ' newmssters . ' -April 3 , lM » , .- ¦ . J 2 £ ? - £ * Ti * ? he lUTi mMket » ° < Amerfo » . « tal than tke adTertlsmentS I have q ' aoUd' from til * . pBeeh .. of HuAUeo . and Norton ! ** £ IUPbS are perhspa , not so « rong , tat they are equally explicit and to mr , rtflocting mm they prove „ £ „ and S 1 gulsed slavwy . What avails it in principle whethrr the alave be drive , to the . lav . mart wltt ? 5 wbTmoi or asrohed to tke factor , tnwt , goadSi aKSS of » . t t , Thrchoicelu either oss . U iaTkinvun *?!> "i *^ , wall , arsalikeuuohang . d . Bo Zilk . quire- ' What have the . e thing . to uoVth . D , mod « a loh . m . of emigration ? . My reply U r « 8 dy TheXva itafSSP&K * | OnnMlrt w * Wo «« 4 «« when I inform you , thst theae aame adv . rti , . nt . very much tlen ode lein tbliwof 18 "

      . . .. « . - ^ p . t ^ 7 h 8 , be « to migrate tha poor from the land tt ttefc . SE The serfaof the soU were th . n told that « there was verie enough for thent ^ laewhere ; ' now theyare toseaent to theoolonlei . 'Verge snoogh for them ' eliewhere' Of course it was entirely optional whether they remala . d In he oonntry , or went to tho factories , juat u it is now —' opUBnal , whether they remain and starve at horns , or go to the oloniea , as recommended by youwelf and ooUeagues . These oauaeB and tffeetswae overloek « d , at a Ume - whan a love of geld sharpened the wlti of our maasfaotursH , who wsra drunk with tho lost of gain , and reeled . andsteggered amidst trie fumes of eomW clslproapsrity . They now meet' ns at" every' corner , when the evils have become ao general as to convlhdo the moat careless and sceptical of what the thinkers of all agsa have known ; that the policy and government of a nation ar « as much the interests of ev « ry private eltkwn , Mtto kted oi bouae la wbloh he lives , or the clothing he wears Bad that « He whoUvss by the sword . BBtllperlihby . the sword * ' ! ¦ ¦¦¦ '

      I n » w , refer you to that par * ef your addre » ia which joncall attention ; to ether parts of the empire , at nt fields fcr English in « u « tty . You oontlnue—« I f they ( the paopera ) could be Indaeedtogo to AmtrallaInitead of depending npoa . ifaealao ' s end donations of others here , th » y might plsee themafllvea In a poaltion of comfort , asd be enabled to afford aaalatanoe to their relaibns . ' In your calculation of expenses , you name two Items , eiloulattng the coat of apaoper . at £ 8 per annum , and add Mn addition the cost of his passage , being £ 10 or £ 13 , aud , ln two years more , he more ^ than repaid the whole amount of bis passage . ' Suppeaewe say , one yew . keep as an willing idler £ 8 , paBasgeto Aaatrslla * U 10 s ; , - total £ 1910 * , und mark , this sum mast »» paid previous to ' a aiagle ferthlog helngreturned—and for the sske of argument , I will auppoae yotr calcuUtion of r * turnB , / by ; increaaed tra . de , with the metber ceuutry , to becorreot .... Now , I volnnteerto demonstrate to jour senaH trty the slmplett prooeat of ari * m « tlc— 'Tbftt Aori end

      U room verge ebougb' for the employment of the surplus Idler * , within the limits of ihe mother conntry , and from whioh greater advantages most aocrue to all parties interested in tbe prejervatioa and wel . fare of the empire , ' than by any system of colonial ealgratlen . My oaee shall not reat on any hypothesis or calculations of mine , but on undeniable and incontrovertible faotf , as proved by other * .. Mr Martin , In his work 'On Ireland before ind after ' tte Union ' writes as Mlows . Sto p - > ges 88 and ' 89 : — 'The im- provements which hkve been tffeoted by the drainage ef OhatmoBs , and oiher begs in LanoB » hlre , ought to encou - rage similar « fforta in Ireland ., . The . diatrloi throogh whioh the railway psaies / between Maiicheattr and Li . yerpdolBhoWaa large ' extentofcountry reclaimed from swamp and peat . ' and now-bearing > abundant crops , and yielding more than ten per cent , in rent . ' 'Although the wages paid during the piooeaa of . drainage was abon . t fourteen sbUUng * per week , the cost baa not exceeded £ 10 per acr * for reclamation ' . , ¦ . ¦

      . To a email extent reclamation Is nbw going on in ire . land ; Mr WStto , of p »» rticonhel ); county Limerick , has rwiaimea eighty [ acres of the ' worst-rea tog , iievold of yegetstion and twenty , feet deep . It w&s drained , then coated with the aubsoll , and the land which was not worth 2 » . 6 d . per acre , is now worth thirty shillings p « acre , Mr Stuart Prenob , of Monaghan , has rtclaimsd 800 acres of mountain ' land In four years ' , and raiaed its value from tnro shilling ! to tbirty . nre shillings per acre ; the tntire coat was repaid by 'the crops in three years , although he bad to brlrg lime a distance of four miles over a billy road . Mr E » sde , of Wtfod Park , county Galway , reclaimed 6 G 0 acres of moorland snd mountain , at ' a ooit of £ 10 to £ 17 per acre , whioh was repaid' by the crop of the accond year , and the land

      formerly werth two nhllllnga and sixpence per Sore , now pays an annual rental oftwenty shilling , per acre . ' Mr Reade a » j % there are 128 , 000 acres of such Holsinabla wastes in Gal way , where thousands fcave dl « d during the past year , and where many are now ( April , 1848 ) dragging on a miserable and uieleas existono « . Mr CaBltborst in the eoudty of Gpik , riolBlmed a bog fans , for which the tenants could not pay 4 s . par acre , The dretargt and reclamation coat £ 15 per acre , wbloh was npaid before the flfih year , ancl tha land ia now rated , at the poor-rate valuation , worth £ i per sore . Mr Balnea , ' of Barton Grange , one of the reclaimed moss farms of Un . oashlre , writing to Mr Pouhtt Scropa onttla Bubject , atstsa that , if the 3 , 000 , 000 acres of Irlah bog were re . olalmed , like tis farm , and made tqaally productive ( as he ia confident the ; night be ) , tbe yearly produce ought to be fifteen million bushels of wheat , ihtrty million buahaU of oats , one hundred and fifty bushels of

      potatoes , and a million and a-half of fat sheep ; , the whole afferding food for the Bopporl of five miUions of people . ' ' ¦¦¦ ¦ ¦ ' ¦ .. :. : - I may . add to these fsois—the validity of which is un . deniable—thst , acoordiqg to the . third report of the Emigration Committee of the House of Commons , published Id 1843 , the lands in England , uncultivated and capable of oultiratloD , amount to S . 454 , 00 ft acres—snd In Wales , to 530 , 000 acm—this , too , exolbsive of many thousands of acrts , bow profitlessly used aa deir parks , game pre . serves , pleasure grounds , and forests , every' inoh pf which , if cultivated , Would be , the rlohest and most pro * duetive soil of tho realm , Aad wkat oan be more absurd than that our able-bodied poor should be shipped off from tbe land of tbelr birth , to dear the wools and people the deserts of Australia , undsr the plea , too , of over population—at a time when there are thousands of acres of rioh aell in this cosntry that boar no fruit but a few stunted oaks , and jleld no produce but that whioh ia oon * suraed by wild fa wl , deer ; hsres ; and rabbits ? '

      I will again reauma thla sal Jsot , with a view to a fair diaeuialon of , the merits of emigration , as a source , of national improvement . For the present , I snbmlt . for your oonsideratlon the following deductionB , whioh I eoneeiv * to befairly proved by the fsots and reasoning of this letter : — 1 st . —That the soil of Great Britain and Ireland iseapable ' of abstalnlDg-, in benfort and independence , the whole population . --- — - ¦ 2 nd . —That the loonies proposed to be paid for ship * ments of emigrants to Australia , and other colonies of the empire , If applied to pnrposas of home colonisation , would he mor « pro&t ' able for tbe inttmti of 1 » th labourer and capital !** , and would oauee a borne conqump * tlohfor manufactures , greater than potatbly oan be created by any system of colonial industry , .

      8 rd , —Tkst ; emigration is alone to be regarded as a iqheme ef private enterprise for emigrants , and increased value to the prop-miss of the holders of land in the eoloniei , ' without any special advsntaiea aoorutog tkerefrom , for the benefit of tha Inhabitants of the mother coantry ; and as Aiamroe of nfttional improvement , 1 » , from pparentand inefatabls oaaaei , everyway Inhrior to home eoloDliattoB . . - . , . : - 4 th . —That , as we are suffering , among other oanaei , from a derangement pf the balance of eoglojnwnt , between those cmpltjed in agricultural , aa compared with thosei employed in manufa ' eturing pursuits , any aoheme of Industrial improvement , to he nationally and 'permanently beneficial for all , ' must have for it . object the eraploymentoftbe destitute poor In onltlvBting the waste lands of GrsatBrltaia . aau Ireland .

      5 A . — Be that tUleth his land thai ! hare plenty ef bread ; tint hi that follofrtth after vain persons shall havepoverty enough . ' ( Proverbixxvii , 1 ?) ' ; . ¦ . - Iremsln , jour obedientacrvanr , ,-. ,. Nov . T 9 kh , 1848 . . ' . Samom Kjdp ,

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      AcoTomr mom Fiaa abim —A few dajs ago , at Southwell ; Notts , ayeung woman had her right hand shotoffwhihin the aot of . reacliing down a gun foe her brother . r ;; Tni Tjslkoiuph . —The copying telegraph issbsea tried from London to 81 ough ; it is calculated it will tranamit four hundred letters per minute with a . single wirev ,. " .- . = ' . ' . " -. ' , .... '' : /¦ > Dkath thou P « ijon . —A child , two yeai ? and-a * bslf old , was killed lsst week / at ; Nottingham , by eatiDgsome bread and butter sprinkled with arjenitf and sogsr , intended for tbe peiipaiog ' pf rati . A brewer at Llanfjwhreth , last week , ' susiair ei a loss of four valuable milch ^ coim , which died , in conyequeaceof eating too maoh of fresh graias from the brewery , . . •„•? .. Mimtwt Poor Law Juspictors . —Thera are fourteen EHlitary and nay » l officers of tho rank of Ueutenanfreol fmel / msjbiaisaoiptain ; emrloved ai poor-law jmpectors in Ireland *¦¦ ¦'¦ 3-

      TBHPmj . J 3 . -Dr Letsoaascribed health aad wnlth toimter 5 bappineus to email beer ; ani aU emr dKease&snd crimes to the tsseol spirits ' . Ian Okn \? «» ths . North Bbitain . —Xha Do * miBioa , of Cork , saved and brounbj to that port thecrew of tbo Norto BriJais , from < iu «^ c to Plymouth , waterlogged off the- banks of Newfoundland . > Sb » kbjj > BAT ©****—A considerable order fcr bayonets bat beta received in ShkffieU , whioh town wMformerly ^ the principal Eeat of the Manufactories ofthose , weapons . , ., ' Damb va ' oii iRtsBDrsaaiioa . -- . An ' inquest was fieldilast week , at Uekfield . Sussex , on tfae body of a M , fifteen years old , anda verdict was returned that an death was caused by excessive drinking , i A » Iiiminsb Biocs or Grani « .-A blook ot grsaite , containing upwards of 12 . 000 cuWo feet of stoae , and exceeding 850 tons in weight ; yru dislodged , a few days sinee , in a granite quarry at

      - Ceja . —erealBrltaia prodnces annually 51600 0 W tonsof ooal ; Belgium , 4 , 960 077 ; Franco , 4 Ml 617 ; Mr Robert Chambers , the aiitinguietid . writer and pub'iBher . was proposed for Lord Pro voat Of Edin . burgb , but rejected on account of hia theological opinions . •¦ .-.. - •;• ¦ ; # Thre » nsaiof Franee , takenin 1846 , shows that « Bce the previous eenws , ia 1841 , the population nad . jncreaaed 1 , 170 , 000 or at the rate of 204 OOOper annum . . , . ' SwoDUB . DitAiH .-Oa FridayIwt , Edwin John , theson of Mr Genrard j-rocer , Hindley , was drowned l « lei 9 ei 0 f v J te ^ ik' The ^» wd was about & year asd . a-half old . . :

      ABDBirKiDsR-On leaving Pan , Abdel-Kader remitted a emu of money io the care for rdestribatiofl 1 among the poor , with an expression cf regret that his means did not permit him to be more generous . THiSiMfB CBTOCH .-Theroisa plursliat in Wale * who has charge . of the five parishes of LlSnftiieant , L aobcjnvttwydd , Rhodygertio , Gwareflpg , and L ' anllibio . - A poor curate officiates for JE 8 ffa year I His employer baa about £ 1 , 000 - ^ ; Dbath ? aou Swaxlowing a Pik . —On ToeWay an . inquesl was held at Ihe Infirmary ; Stockdort , on view of the body of a girl , whow death it « as sap . had

      poaed been . occasioned by accidental burning : but it turned out she had died from it datamation arising from having swallowed a pin . < ' ¦ ' ' SiNouiAR Tbnubb of Lam > . —AraoBgbt the fanciful tennrei by which landed estates have Been held , that of the Stafford * , of Eyam , in Derbyshire's not the least singular .. It is , that they shall keep a lamp perpetually burning on the altar of St Helen , ia Eyam pariah ohurch . ¦ ., t PAtpKBiBM ro fBBuro . —There ia a poor supply of Indian meal ia Dingle at present . Nearly 1 , 209 persons are receiving in-doer relief in tbe temporary workhouBea of the union . Oat-door relief is beine issued to 3 600 . - ;

      Ritbb Pir&tes . —A boat belonging to a man named Latohford , laden with provisions , wag plundered oa Thursday , at Ringmoylan , by river pirates , who put out from the wood and carried off property : to the amount of £ 180 . .: > .,-. ; ' Q , OiU ? iCATieN r . B Mibsbipmbm . —The Admiralty have determined , that , in future , aa scqnaintanee with the principle and application of tbe steamengine shall be deemed a necessary qaalification for all midshipmen before they can be allowed to pas for the rack of lieutenant ¦

      . . . . ; Negro Naiub * ubt . —Qnashee , commencing a work oa natufalhistory , wrote as follows : — < Man is de first animal- in de creation ; he springB up like a sparrowgras ' i , bop about like a hoppergrass , aad diesde same » h a jackass . ' - . Sebvb wax . Right . —The magistrates . ef Sheffield have ordered a boy , ten years old , to bewail whipped , for having placed several large Btones on the rails of the Midland Railway , thereby oaueing an ' obatruc * tion which nearly thrsw a train tff tho rails .

      Con » ideraWe quantWes of . « w . eet potatoes and ha . nanas are now grown in Madeira for shipment to England , as the p&aisge frcm Madeira to Southampton is tow made in eleven or twelve days , and the vegetables consequently arrive in good cosdition . for the London market . Gen . Surmin , whbccmmandfii under Gen . * Humbert in the expedition againat Ireland , which ended in the capture of the Frenoh army by Lord Cornwallis , died a few days ago at Brussels , in the 73 th yesr of his age . The DuMFitiBs Cocbibr Btates that some miscreants recently placed a quantity of Btones across the publio road near to Ga > stown , and also faettned a rope across the same read a little further on , near Donlo * vale , whereby a man and horse were thrown to the grousaiwith such violence that tho hone was killed and the man severely injured . - . r

      A Wbddjko Diksbr—A few days since , the Suffolk police apprehended a bridegroom and his fatherin-law , while they were eating the wedding , dinner , which was composed of the mutton of a shearling ewe that they had atolen from a field , belonging to a farmer at Lidgate ; and both haye eince beea com * mitted to t » ke their trial . < : ' # A Soibhufio RizWi—The Misiho Jocrmal no * tiees a newly-invented rwor , with a guard whioh so effeotually protects the ekin from the cutting operation of the razor that the manipulator may ahava upwards , downwards , and- in every direction , aa quickly as he pleases , without the riightest , or even possibility of injuring the ekin .

      Curiocb &CAPB . —Last week , a do ? waa walking on the East Lincolnshire line , near BoBton , when a down-train oama up , and he started forward at fall speed , but was presently met by an np-traia ; ha then turned round , but the up train soon overtook him , and he cowered down between the rail ? * whilst the train rapidly passed over him , and ha , thus escaped uninjured . ' A Showsr of CoiiPLiMEHis . — ' How fortunate I am in meeting train bedv ' m this storm , said a young lady who was caught in a shower of r » in the other day toker ' Jeauof promise' who happened tocomalmz with an ambrella . ' And I , ' erid he gallantly , ' am , as much rejoiced as the poor Laplander wWen-he has caught a rain dear . ' These are the beau ideal of wet weathercomplimenta . — Bo ; toh Chronotype

      Ah . -A ' ncibm TBis .-The Stawobdsiubb Advbbiisbb Bays that at Totworth Court , there is a ohesnut tree fifty-seven feet in circumference , with branches that cover , a qaarter of an aore . It was spoken of in the reign of King Stephen , and attracted muoh attention daring John ' s reign ; but time is now making its ravages on this snoient tree , . whose trunk is betraying rottenness , and is rail ? wasting away . '¦'' . ' ' , "' ;" - - '' An Exqpbb ros a Glass . —At tbe Bristol Quarter Sessions a witness in a running down' ease on tbo turnpike road , stated that he and his companions ! having been' cleared out / or thereabouts , i at a race , could not raise sufficient mom y for adicner , and were , therefore , fain to put up with tea . ( Laughter . ) Bat , he added , 'Weimd enough left for a glass of e \ s , ' to keep the tea down I' ( Renewed laughter . ) .

      A LccKi Drxaiur . — A man , uamfd Thomas Stanfourth , who resides in a lonely house at Qainton , Northamptonshire , dreamt lately that on the following night his house would be robbed , and that ha should lose twelve sovereigns which he had saved . Such a strong impression hai the dream 6 n his mind , that he took the money from the place-where it was usually kept ; and deposited it in a bucket of pig's neat . That very evening his house was entered and various articles , wera carried away , but fortunately the gold , in its anuaual resting place was left untouched .

      EXTBAOHDIXABT PlRCH Fl-HIXO . — Mr B . B ; Wil * liams canght in the Thames , in tyn days last week , between ninety and on « hundred perch , averagings pound weight each , and all in the finest possible con * dition . Durine this great sport , one of the'hookl ( gut ) was bit off by a jack . A gimp ese wassubsti * tuted , and , in a few minutes , a jsck of nine poueds was taken , and , upon getting the fish into the- punt , the identical gat took was found , well secured ! in hi } upperjaw ..., , ' . ¦ ;;; ,- ' ; ¦¦ . ¦ ¦ ., , ; EooisxRioiTT of a Oat . —Sometime ago , a slater of Wooler had . occasion to be working atShottoa - One day when passing between tke Newton ' s , a cafe joined him , and followed turn like a'dog to Shottor , where it-remained with him throughout the week . What ia most remarkable , puss moueted th * ladder regularly with him to tha rrof of the house : wheresb « amused herself till mi nl-timp , when she punctually attended him . On the Saturday sight , bhe-went ; home with him to WooleK

      " A' Laot ' h . Dbsoripiiom c ? Lcuis BuK ? ,, ( ina . Letter to a Friend . )— ' A . few evcDiaas eince 1 . passed some hours with Louis Blanc , and 1 pas delighted with him . Delighted , to find in a youug man a heart so true to the caueo of humanity , And to see a reso ! ut on bo sprightly and indprnitablo ciliated ia the moat advanced principles jet disco . eud ^ Ilia maD . nen aio elegant , and tfatbftl : n the extreme ; ho has ^ face radiant 'sith peaceful , tsippy Rv oclness ; no badp aiBionhaRlefi atmoon hiasmco ' . fc i ' ^ h andsome pVjaiognooy , wh'ich is lighted up . by a | air of eyes of suck bright ; splendour 83 is rarelyseir .

      Ioetrp Vtslrtrli.

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      - " ¦ - ¦ ¦/< ¦ - . Takiko a Showbb Bath . — Dootor : ' Well , how did your , wife maDaje . her shower bath , deacon V Deacon : 'She has had real good . luck . Madame Moody told her how she managed . She Bsid ehe bad aBiledailkoap wrth-s . cape to it , like i fireman ' s , 'that came'all over her shoulders and ' . — Daotor : She ' s a'' fool for her pains — that ' s not the way / Deaoon :, ' So my . wife fhought . ' Dootor-. v . 'Y our wife . 4 id . nothing . of . the sort , I hope . ' , Deacon :. ' Oh no , dqotor , Bhe used an umbrilly . ' Doctor : 'What . ! used an umbrella , ; -what the misohief good did tbe shower bath do her ! ' Deacon : 'She said she felt better . Her clothes wern ' t wet a mite . : She sU under the umbriily for half an hour , till the water ( rickled off , and said 'twas cool' and delightful , and juhtiikealeeUe shower bath in summer , < Tken ehe -took i fi her things ; ard rubbed her for half at ) hour arter , '~ 2 men ' can paper ,

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      t Decbmbsbt , 1848 . " ¦ THE ^ gRTHBRSr si ^ HUr . . . V ^ ¦¦ ji ¦ -k ¦¦ ---- . ¦ _ ^ _ . .... H ^

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 2, 1848, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1499/page/3/