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Northern Star (1837-1852), 28th October 1848, Edition 1 of 3, Page 5

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      Untitled Article

      SlSr _\ nieH Sir Robert Peel Mr Bri ght and ins of the same school , were opposing the Ten joars Bill , H was thar practice to assert ( without T jttemp t at proof ) , 'If you subtract one-sixth t j ' m the hours of labour , you must necessaril y sub . Met one-sixth from the produce , ana also one-sixth m wages . ' Too many of the friends of the ^ oit workers were staggered af that positive , but g g assertion . It w 8 s in Tarn to suggest that thercmi ght possible orrarfinscircnmstances viz «

      2 == ^ ¦ JJj TEN HOURS FACTORIES REGULATION ACT * ^ rn-rTirimrT , ,

      ^ c , . _ The operatives ^ tbeinesotiredand exhausted , * ould , probably ^ aoce more and better workjperhour ; ' or , 'the ^ nr being mow ( equall y divided , the pressure from competition would not be so great' 'When these suggestions were offered , we were laughed at by Messrs peel , Bright , and Co ., and assured that'it *« amp le role-of-three question ; if twelve hours' labour ndd twelve pence wages , ten hours' labour can onlv rield ten pence wages . ' Tune and experience have determined who was ^ W . Those incorruptible and infallible arbiters ^ ve decided against the philosopher ; ' Peel and Brieb t have now received an answer that ought to silence even them !

      It vould seem that ( while some miUowners are endeav oaring , by most unfair means to frustrate tfce object of the Legislature in the working of the Ten Hours Act , and to make its operation as annoy , jng and disadvantageous as possible to the operaar ts ) the Messrs Starkey , of Huddersfieldf are s triving to give to their 'hands' all the benefit of that measure , and are endeavouring to make its operation pleasant and profitable to all . B is with more pie ; sure than I can exrrass that 1 copy the following paragraph from the Leeds Mercury of the 7 th inst ., which I have this day received fr . m my kind 2 nd constant friend , the Rev . G . S .

      BbH-HCBDEBsmtB . His ks Stakei asd ths Ten Hocks Biti . —In the MraccK of Saturday last a paragraph appeand jfc-tiag a fact in relation to the Messrs Starkey , tl e miseat HiKrofactums of this town , M « their workrejpie But as the whole fioti in connexion with the case dia not then appear , we have l > e * n Kqoestfcd by the parties concerned , how trai : ho matter has b . en ttaiepoWio to state tte w ^ ole cme Wten she Ten Hours Act Cl-neintooperationin Majlast-. hemil ' -ownm *» neralSy re 5 nc d rte wares of < heir hands in the proportion in Thici she houti of labour wera reduced , the refluctioE lo some firm * , tew ^ er , bring fcrgtr a , an in 0 , ter , SeTeral of the mills in the ne ' gabcurhoi d i > l Hn-Jdersfieia

      t » a only B £ en working eleven honra j , er Osj for some trDKp- ^ oas i yto fbrlm Hour « BU bteomin * kw He = 5 is Starry . M Lonirojd Bridgs , hav ng bun among fee first to set the f xample , and giving the ume . moum of rat «' or the s-eren honra Jatonr as had before beto g j « n for twelve . This was < « one for newly three yearsbnt when fte Act wa » passed limhi-. g ths hosrs to t « n ' it wso tnrusrht only jost by ihe Me ^ re Starkey to rel ancs'h ewpgesof ttoee pnd by tte week . In seme csc . g the jiEonnt of reduc' ! on was iwo ghUllngs per hesd per we ? k . The T . n Honrs Act fcas bow own in ipaatinn e oat fire months , asfi the Messrs Stirkty , airirms of BCting jn ? tl y te-irds iktir workmen , snd « o give them • vtrj advantage that maj result irom the

      jherrfningefthe honrs of labour , are institnting in . queries through e * e'y feparanent affected by their reducnoQi , ss to ths . ffeet tte ttn hoars measore has hid apon th ^> am § unt of Ubeor pufornu d . The week tsfraHst this hqulry terialnattd m the finishing de psitmentg , when it wai * oub § that the redaction in their wages had been more than proportionate to tha ltsssr Knonnt of work dona . The g ' ggcrs , for instance , had been rednced to twenty shillings per week , but it was ascertained t * -at tha amount of labour performed darisg file ten Bonn wai worth t * aity-tB 6 » haih . ga * h « n con basted with the snv-nnt performed before the Act csme into cppr = « on . They hafl , iherrfor :, ttch man £ 1 paid to them a' thearrear for twenty weeks , and a permanent

      advance of one stilling per week given . It was fonad is the cutting Separtm nt , where the hands work on pisce , that tht-y had been able to earn as much as before , with Tery trifling exception . The inquiries are going on in other department * , and whatever appears to be dneta the bands wiil be paid to them , and tbeir wages increased in proportion to the amonnt- of work done . TUi coadnct on the part of tVe Messrs Staikey is highly boaonntfeand commendable . At the same : ime it i * only fair ta othtr masters in tie district to say , that wh » n the Ten Hnnrs Act csma into optration th-y did KH reduce tirir viagu of aU . and ws bel eve that neither they nor their men have seen any reason to be dissatisfied with the course wirgued .

      Messrs Starkey were opposed to the Ten Hours Bill ; they believed it would be injurious to their workpeople . Now , however , since it is passed , they nohly second the Legislatore , by taking care that it shall not be their fault if its operation is not tentMH . It is impossible too highly to estimate the conduct of those gentlemen . I rejoice , also , to find , by the above extract , that ' other masters in the district , when the Ten Hours Bill came into operation , did not reduce their wages at all , and that neither they nor their men have seen any reason to be dissatisfied with the course pursued . ' Such conduct will be more productive of peace than the presence of thousands of police and troop 3 . Nonehnt those who have'in that district '

      witnessed the contest for the Ten Hours Bill can imag ine the delight with which I have perused the above extract from that paper . I am sure its editor will also rejoice that his fears respecting the effects sf the ten honrs clause hare thus been proved groundless . It were enough had I no other inducement than to call your attention , and that of your readers , to the noble and Christian conduct of the Messrs Starkey , and those' other masters in the Hnddersfielddistrict ; bnt , Sir , I lament to Confess lam also urged , by a most painful circumstance , to ask for your insertion of this letter .

      I am informed , by those who have never deceived me , that in Lancashire and Cheshire many mill , owners are striving , by the most vexatious means , to defeat the well-working of the Ten Hours Actnay , even to make it the instrument of tyranny to all their « hands' above eighteen years of age , by forcing them to work thirteen and fourteen hours a day . That is done to induce the operatives to petition for the repeal of the Ten Hours Act ! It would be tedious to enter into an explanation of the different schemes invented and adopted by those unreasonable mfllowners . They are known te

      those who are most determined not to be cheated out of the Ten Honrs Act . Should those foolish and wicked millownera persist in their unreasonable and cruel plans , the friends of the factor ; workers riiU he compelled to petition Parliament for the Khole of Mr Sadler ' s Bill , viz ., a restriction to ten hours a day labour , for all under twenty-one , instead of eig hteen years—the stoppage of the moving power—ho millownere to sit on the bench as judges under the Act—and the personal punishment of re . fractory masters as well as of transgressing operatives ; nay , if we are forced into another straggle , I do not think it will be possible to restrain the demand for an Eight Hours Bill .

      It is very much to be deplored that persons possessed of so much influence and wealth should , in these most dangerous times , be engaged in sowing the seeds of disaffection among the operatives of our densely-populated manufacturing districts . We have had proof upon proof that agitation is prejudicial , both commercially and politically . 'Would that the mQIowners , who are now engaged in exasperating their workpeople by striving to resist the benevolent intentions of the Legislature , could be induced to follow the truly patriotic and Christian example of the Messrs Starkey , and ' those other masters in the Huddersfield district * whose praiseworthy conduct I have recounted from the pages of VnzLeedi Mercury .

      If the opposition to the law is still persisted in , there is ene officer of the Crown whose especial duty it becomes to cause the movements of the offending parties to be watched , and to pfepare a remedy by a new and more stringent Act of Parliament . The Secretary of State for the Home Department is answerable for the peace of the country—it is hisimperatire duty to guard the operatives from the tyrannical evasions of an Act of the Legislature . The factory inspectors should be instructed to pay strict attention to every effort , made by masters or men , to render inoperative a law that has been passed with the most benevolent intentions . They should also be instructed to devise the best method of rendering those attempts abortive .

      Should the Home Secretary unhappily neglect this doty—should the inspectors he remiss in theirs—and should the opposing masters persist is their vexatious sckemes , the Ten Hoars Bill committees will not fail in their duty , and the country will know who to blame for another popular straggle against fac-Miwr slavery ! I remain , sir , Your obliged servant , Richard Oastxer . Fulham , Middlesex . PS . —I would most respectfully , but earnestly , Brge upon the mind of the Home Secretary the solemn obligation under which he is bound at once to prevent those seeds of disaffection from taking root . It is by neglecting to nip such social evils in the bud

      Untitled Article

      SSEiSSSiZ' ! ' ' 1 ****** « n ! f 8 y th Jf , PPe « l prevent the mischief which these jnreasonablemasterswouWcause . savethe disS from the vexation and loss of another agitai ^ l the government from the « % ra « of em 5 oyin ? more v _ R . 0 . -

      Untitled Article

      TO THE WORKING CLASSES .

      tS ? I 7 f" * * - « P « » O > onght , produce . That which make , th < m « n < b , perhap . mOHon , , ttlrt ' _ Bllow . STATE OF EUROPE . CHARTIST ORGANISATION . Brother Proletarians ,

      It cannot ba concealed that the good old cause of the right against the wrong , ' has not proertised with that unchecked rapidity which was fondly hoped for a few monthi aince . men , the heroic proletarians of Pmii trod the streets of their beautiful city its masters , and the acknowledged pioneers of European regeneration . Then , the heroic populations of Germany were driving before them the dastardly pnnoes , who wereirat too glad to acknowledge , on their knee * , the Sotihemkit of ihi Pkcpu , bo that they might only be permitted to wear their worthless heads . Then , the soub of Italy , panting for long-desired Liberty , were victoriously chasing

      the foreign oppressor from their ' ren'roned , romantic land . ' Then , Poland ' s White Eatfe spread its wings once more to catch the gale of Freedom , blown from the sunny shores of the Seine . ITien , from one end of the Green Is ' eto tie other , rose the cry of' Ireland free , or the world in a blase . ' Then . even the long-contented slaves of this island seemed to share the general fervour for another and a better order of things , and the cty of "The Charter , and No Surrender ! ' sounding from the Thames to the Don , gave promise of the speedy emancipation of Britain ' s psriihs . Then , the friends of Democracy were full of tope and confidence , and their enemies ' ¦ ere terror-stricken and ducomfitaL

      Bat two or three months saw a vast change for the worse . The eternal enemies of Justice , more magnanimously than wisely Bparedby their conquerors , toak courage , and recommenced their old game of intrieee aeainit the new order of things . In France , they conspired a commercial panic as the first step towardsweakening and paralysing the proletarians . Next 'hey conspired—and scrupled at no means , however infamoup . incarryirgout their conspiracy—to bring the Repnblio into disrepute , » nd turn the ignorance of the provinciaUsts to aocouit They too well succeeded , and theinfamons Assembly called' National / was the result . They conspired to brine about the fitai 8 tnifgleof June , whiol ire 8 uItiDF , as intended , in the defeat of the proletarians , web made the pretext

      for instituting a' reign of terror' directed againBt the principles and the men ef February . I need not ret-eit the sickenicg recital of the proletarians shot bj hundreds after the cenflict was ever . I need not reiterate the horrible details of mock trials by courtmartial , and the transportation of thousands of the very men who created the Republic The Trass exults that * the Republic and its authors are parted . The institution remains at home ; the men are on their way to Algeria , to Senegal , or wherever the sun strikes from above and pestilential vapours from bebw . ' There horrors have engaged your attention for hu nths past Here , however , I may introduce as episode from tha eolomes of the Rk ? obme—an' owre true tale '—in connexion with the expatriation of one

      of the companies of 'insurgents * recently sent from Par a under sentence of transportation . ' A poor girl who had been lately married to one of the prisoners , gave premature birth to her child , and then harried to Havre , where ? he arrived foot-sere , faint , weary and broken-heatted . A glittering row of bayonets ramp « n to the quay and through the steel hedge 8 he caught sight of Her nagband ; she bant through the triple row of guards , caught hold of her husband ' s manacled hands , and fell at his feet a raving maniac ' Now , this v but one of hundreds of similar tales of horror that might be told of widowed wives and heart-broken mothers . Contrast this with the bacchanalian orgies ef the miscreants , who borne to power on the shoulders of the people they deceived ,

      new ape the vices of courtiers and play the part of mushroom aristocrats . Whilst the people are positively famishing ; whilst widowed wives and orphaned children make the heavens echo with their grows , Mabrist—the aristocrat of the lendmam , be traitor Marsast—holds his fetes in a Royal Palace , which for its luxurious appointments might haveeatisSed even Lonis XIV . At the expense of the ppople Markasx fetes their enemies—even such nemieaas Lord Noshahbt , the representative of the English aristocracy ! Hunger and imprisonment ; the hulks and death—are the rewards allotted to the p = op ! e for displacing Sxvzn and setting op Mas-Bi . * T . Within the last fortnight we have seen three unquestionable enemies of Republicanism called to the ^ oveToment of France : — Dufaubb a t » ol of Mom's , formerly Royalist Minister of Public

      Works , and who less than a year ago refused to attend any of tha ' Reform Banquets' at which the toast to ' the health of King Louis Philippe' was not included in the programme (!); VivttH formerly Keeper of the Seals in theThiert Cabinet , and subsrquent ' y , tinder Gnizot , Vice President of the Council of State ; and Fresu > n , not so well known as his two com-rogues , bot whose republicanism is of the same celour . * It is to the men of the Monarchy that the destinies of the Republic bave just been confided . ' For that betrayal of the Commonwealth , the sham Republicans are answerable- Mabrast the traitor , Marie the intriguer , and Lihabtot the splendid babbler , are tfce mea who must be held principally responsible for these bitter fruits of tte glorious Revolution ef February .

      'Is there not tome chos « n enrse , Some hiddca thunder in the stores of heaven , Bed with nncommea wrath , to blast the men Who owe their greatnesi to their cotmtrj's ruin ?' Tuere-actfou in Germany was less signal . Frankfort bad ita barricades and defeat of the popular party , bnt the results were less disastrous than those whion had fallowed the four dayB ' combat in Paris . It is due to the real Democrats of Germany to say , that they have never been caught by the clap-trap of 'Imperialism . ' The foolish men who have been bawling fqr a ' German Empire , ' are bow learning the severe bnt wholesome lesson , that to centralise the power hitherto wielded by a lest of petty despots , is bnt , in fact to arm despotism with renewed strength . The

      ' black , red , and gold / and the rest of the humbag of ' German Nationality , ' has been hitherto employed to lanotion a covert war upon the principles of Democracy , under the pretext of * preserving public order . ' The Frankfort Parliament is a gigantic fraud , intended to consolidate the power of the bourgeoisie at the expense of the people ; and is already , and justly , beeome more odious to the proletarians , than were the effete despotisms it has superseded . The dream of Polish independence soon vanished . Tie splendid victory of the people of Milan , and the chivalrous risings of the Italians generally , were , by tie treachery of the- Sardinian King , rendered fruitless of ought Eave increased Buffering and renewed humiliation . The Italians bave

      presented another and a fearful rarning to the nations to beware of forgetting the good old injunction' Pat not your trust in princes . ' Nearly all over the Continent the masses—as through all preceding ages—have been made use of to acquire power for upstart adventurers , and iiBurpins ' classes , and then again trampled down like weeds—Bilenced and suffocated in their own blood—bj the miscreants who lately affected to struggle by their side for equal rights and justice . How sadly Ireland has fallen need not be told . It blisters one ' s tongue to speak of it—it paralyses one ' s hand to write- of it . Ireland has found' beneath the

      lowest deep a lower still . * There is not such another instance in history of good men and true misled or self-deceived as to the character of their countrymen . Is Is clear that henceforth there can be no more writia ? , or speechmaking , or organising , for the ' icdependence of Ireland . ' Toe regeneration of that country may not be impossible , bnt the modus operandi taught in the Nation and Uhiied Ihishhahis clearly sot practicable . The union of the aauea of Ireland with those of England may win political and social reform for both oonntrie ? . Other means of winning' Ireland for the Iriah' I hold to be utterly visionary .

      Of this country the least said the better . Onr regenerating fever won came to an end ; but , unhappily , instead of leaving us restored to perfect health , left as more miserably prostrated than ever . ' It were long to tell , and sad to trace , ' the causes of Chartist discomfiture ; and there is no need to repeat a more than 'thrice-told tale . ' Enough , that I remind yon thatsome of your unfortunate brethren have been oondemnedto life-long chains and slavery ; that ethers are languishing in vilest dungeons ; that the families of both are suffering ; that othersmany ethers—are marked out for the vengeance of their and jonr enemies ; and that , notwithstanding this immense extent of misery , popular indifference was never more clearly manifested than at this very time ; and Chartist ' organisation'has become the merest name—tho shadow of a shade .

      This ia a melancholy picture . Bnt are we to conclude that' there is ns nope for nations ? ' Not so . I discern grounds for hope—more than mere hope—in tha present state | of all the countries Jon which within the present year the snn of liberty has dawned . ¦ All the countries , may I say ? Or most I except oar own ? It ia for you to decide . In Franca the rule of the traiters is faBt drawing to a close . LAMARimE has been leng ' used up . ' Thia very day news has airived that Gotochaux , the pet of the profitmongers , has resigned . Of the prominent and influential betrayers ot the Democracy onlj two now remain in power—Mahii and Mabbast They are doomed . The handwriting is on the wall . They have done the dirty work of the tourgeoirie aid

      Untitled Article

      statLr& * 7 A their WWMd - ** ** 1 ^ SSJ ' tt ^ t ^ MjffiRASI dnrty ftreakns to iSSS f SU t ° y of the Assembly , because that « eS ltebe ^ hMdeclined t 0 TOt « ni * » oQPPlefT e S f nmof 6 . 000 francs , ( £ 240 ) , to defray the SSfSf r - ! mnihoi ' Ma establishment . ' This 4 Mft fr qmJ ! i 0 Ter 8 Bd ab (> ve h » allowance of SrSS ( £ l 6 ^ ainonth ' wnJCtt he receives for HiiT « . e f nCy / ^ ode 8 t and auttere Republican ! SLi h ! e \ t . tfre 8 ' 6 ningwill not alarm the ModewiM » t ? . the < » n tr »» y . 8 nch a step would mightily tteJS "' j h l i two real P « tiea « Francel « f T ?? ' ? *• « MidBof 0 » Revolution-are Braduailj bntsnrely forming themselves lot jdiatinct

      camps . Once that division ia complete the death , struggle will come , In the meantime the ardent Democrats are labouring unceasingly for thepropagahon of thew principles . The Toulouse banquet first showedthatthe prinoiples of veritable Democracy were not , ai had been faleel y asserted , confined to Paris . Subsequent similar manifestations have shown that the ' Red Repnblio * is rapidly progressing throughout the departments . Even the English'journals record theirfears of the real revolnhoB they believe tobe approaching . Depend npon it those fears are not groundless . ; bnt their fean should excite our exultation .

      In spite of the affair at Frankfort , the workmen of Berlin have held their own ; and throughout the German States democratic ideas are ardently and succeefully propagated . Thegallant CABLScHAr-PBB , so well known to , and so justly admired by , the English Democrats , has been for some time theiemateof a prison , bat the day of his deliverance is not distant . * kuhhakd Fekiugbath , the poet of German democracy , persecuted by the contemptible King of Prussia , has been liberated from his prison by the Toice of a Prussian jury , and , crowned with flowers ,

      was escorted to his home with shouts and sengs of triumph , by the enthusiastic and armed people . Lastly , the glorious victory of the petple of Vienna has all but radeemed the defeat of the Parisian proletarians in June . But for that viotory the ' reaction' wonld bave been trinraphant throu ghout the Austrian Slates . Thesuecess of Jellaohich and his Croatian nortfes wonld have been a fatal blow to the came of liberty in Eastern Europe . Unluckily there ib gronnd for apprehension that tbe temporising of the Diet will yet undo the glorieus work of the 6 th of October .

      _ The Poles are said to be forming a vast rrganisation for another and—I will hope—a Buccessfol struggle . There ia news this week of an iusnmo tion at Milan , but the report appears to be premature . I f , however , the Austrian Demoorats can maintain their position , another rising in Italy must take place . Under any circumstances , Europe has sot yet seen the last ef Italian struggles for liberty . And now , what are the enslaved classes of this country doing ?—I need not answer . What they should do , self-prorection , honour , justice to the persecuted , should dictate . Clearly the firat necessity is ' OreanjBation ;'—the organisation of all who profess ChartiBt principles , or rather of those who really are Chartists .

      BrotberproIetarians . Mcan n ° verbe , that you will now , after a ten years' struggle , tamely sit down and hug your chains . It can never be that yen will callously Bee the tyrant-made widow and orphan pine in starvation ; nor is it possible that yon will tamely allow your unfortunate brethren—the victims of Whig spies—to suffer their terrible doom without an effort to at Jeast obtain a mitigation of their suf . fennge . I know that as regards the families of the victims , many of you heavily tax yourselves to help them . But the tax mi « ht be liehtened to those who contribute , and the families might be better looked to

      than they are , if the general body of professing Chartufa would do their duty . Bot , indeed , in this matter , as in every other connected with the movement , nothing effeotual will be done until there is a real organisation of the Chartist body . Beware of those whs ( under all sorts of plausible but really factious pretences , ) wonld split yon into f te and sections . Your organisation , however devised , to be effective mast be truly national . Remodel your plan . Make it legal and shut themonth of the Attorney General ; bnt make it comprehensive— universal .

      Mr 0 CoHNfB ' s visit to Scotland seems to have aronBed the energies of the Chartist party once more . But the rekindled enthusiasm in that eountrjwill be as fleeting as Btraw en fire , unless Oegahkatioh ia made the order of the day . I presume not to offer any' plan' or any amendments to any existing plar , rs there are others posfessing the confidence of tbe working clauea from whom any such suggestions will best proceed . Conventions' are expensive , acd under present ciroumBtances should , if potsible , be avoided ; bnt in all probability there will , in a few days hence , be an opportunity afforded to some of the leadingfnends of Democracy to commune together on this important subject . Let not that opportunity be missed . ' Now ' s the day , and how ' s the heur . ' ORGANISE ! ORGANISE ! ORGANISE ! L'Am du Pet / pie . October 24 th .

      Untitled Article

      —i >^— MISREPRESENTATION . 10 IBK EDITOR OF TBS HOMHEBN BTAB . Sir , —In consequence of a report having been circulated that I am a spy and atraitor to the Chartist body , I take this opportunity ( through the mrdinm of the Stab ) of clearing mjself from any Buch charge Daring the time I took sn active part in the Cbartht movement I proved true to the cause of liberty , and my oonduot was ench aa to merit the confidence of all who knew me . I positively take my solema oath , that I never was in any way , or by any mean ? influenced to differ from or betray the Chartists in

      any of their proceedings , whether they be moral or physical , bnt I have always rendered assistance to the furtherance of their objects , so far as reason wonld permit me . In cenolouon , I beg to express my earnest with that the society will not slacken Ub tfforti . eut will continue till a Bjstem of pure democracy shall be established throughout the length and breadth of onr land . With this and every other blessine . together with the speedy enactment of the People ' s Charter , I remain , si r , ymm faithfully , Johi Yahoo , Late secretary to the Ernest Jones Locality , Tower Hamlets . October 2 Szd ,

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      Stam or iHB Metbopolw . — The physiual and moral Btate of many parts ef London oalls loudly for amendment . It ia a fact that , in a small apace in Westminster , close to the Abbey , no fewer than 700 families were orowded together in 190 houses . Above 500 of the inhabitants otthia district are unmarried ; while , in almost every other part of tbe metropolis , the filthy , undrained , ill-ventilated courts will supply aporportionate amount of persons entirely regardless of this social institution . Although much has been done towards mitigating the evil by draining atd ventilation , a vast deal still remains te be accompliebed . aod , in order to the removal of such nuisances , it is at first necessary it should be known that they exist . At the West-end of the town some

      of the wont courts are situated . There is one court known by the name of Orohard Place . This spot is 45 yards long and 8 broad , and contains 27 houses ; There resided in this court , in 1845 , 217 families , including 882 persons , of whom 582 were above fourteen years of age . The population of a large village was thus comprised in a single court , and it might be supposed that a larger number of persons could not be crowded therein . It is nevertheless true that the ^ population of OrchardlPJace has , since 1845 , increased from 21 ? to 476 families and from 882 to 1 , 222 individuals . The number of adults is 884 , or larger than its entire pulation at

      po the former period . Disease , as may be imagined , is rarely , if ever , absent from such localities , and it is there that the cholera or any other pestilence may be expeoted to cause its worst ravases . The wealthy , who dwell in the streets and squares , behind which these congregated abodes ot wretchedness are situated , are little aware , or apparently wholly careless , of their existence ; One of the first Btepa towards amelioration must consist in the ereotion of dwellings fit for human beings to dwell in , and recent efforts in this direoiion are something more than a recognition of the evil which it is so desirable to eradicate .

      StBPSNSION OP THE W 0 BK 3 AT THE NBW HOUBBB of Parliament . —It is said the works of this national undertaking are to be entirely stopped during the winter . On Saturday , 200 of the men were discharged , and it is said 800 more will be dispensed with i his . week . Rbduciion op Rbvbnuk Establishments . —Orders have been iBsued to all departments under the control of the Treasury , that whenever a vauoanoy occurs , do promotion er new appoir-tmtst ia to take place until speoial inquiry has bern made whether the office cannot be reduced .

      Proyibioh fob th « Poor w Mar ? l * bohb during ihb WihiKB . —At the Marylebone vestry , on Saturday last , Mr H . Wilson stated that he wonld move at the next vestry , for _ the adoption of measures to provide during the winter remunerative labour for the deserving poor of the district , and that such prevision for tbe peor fhonld be so regulated aa to preclude the worthless from any participation in i'J Me 6 sra Garnett , Sodon , Joseph , and other member ^ promised to give the motion their most strenuous support . Removal of thb Chartist Victims . —On Monday afternoon the Chartist prisoners , Ritohie , Lteey , Fay , Cuffay , and Dowling who were convicted at tfce last Bailey SeBsiona under the Crown an 1 Govern * mentSeonrity Act , and sentenced to transportation for life , were removed for . claBsificao ' on to Millbank Penitentiary , in whioh place they will remain until their final departure for Van Diemen ' s Land . '

      Thb National Gaimrt . —This gal ' ery , whioh has been closed tinea the 7 th of September last , wag re-opeied to the publio yesterday . During tbe ? e obbs ( he Vernen Coll o'ion has been removed from Mr Vernon ' s house , Pall Mall , to the lower rooms of the gallery , where they will for the present be exhibited to the public . SdppbsbsiohojVaobakci . —The guardians of the poor of the Holbornunion . at the full quarterly meeting . nnanimonsly resolved , 'Thatthey , the guardians , having been lone eensible of the necessity of an alter .

      ation 1 b the system of administering relief to oasual applicants , from a careful investigation of oases , and inquiry into oircumstanoes , they are satisfied that at least one half of euoh applicants are entirely unworthy recipients of the union funds , and they de lermine that henoeforth relief b » given only to those * ho , by a sonnd , vigiUnt discrimination , shall be found to be real objeot * thereof , and shall be steadily and positively refuted to the confirmed vagrant , tramp , and professional mendicant , aid that their offioers be instructed accordingly . '

      Thk Gabdb Nationals of Paris . —On Monday and Tuesday two large bodies of the Parisian National Guards srri red at the Lsndon Bridge terminus i the Sonth-Eaatern Railway from Dover . The Republican heroes having become imbued with a desire to view this far-famed metropelis , arrangements were made with the Northern of France Railway for their conveyance to Calais via Lille , an intimation having been given to the authorities of the South-Eastern and Continental Steam Packet Com * pany et their expeoted arrival at Calais , the P / incew Maude and Queen of the Belgians steamers were despatched to convay them in three detachments to

      >> ver , whence they were brought by speoial train to LoBdon . On Monday evening about 700 arrived at the London-bridge tertoinns , end on Tuesday evening about 500 , all in fall uniform . On alighting from tbe carriages the National Guards appeared to be in high spirits , and after congratulating each otber , and expressing their ratiifaotion to the railway functionaries , the procession moved westward . There were coaches and caba in abundance waiting the arrival of the special trains , and on Monday evening , the weather being Ene , the majority of the National Guards preferred walking . It is impossible to ipeak too highly of the manner in which the strangers conduct themselves .

      Robbery of onk ff thb National Guabdson Board eF a Swam Boat . —On Wednesday afternoon information was sent round to the several divisions of the Ciry police of the following robbery committed on the person of Monsieur Louis Corbel , one of the Garde Naiioanle , on his passage on board ef the Dahlia , between Uungerford Bridge and London Bridge : — Monsieur Corbel , who went on board at the former bridge , had on his person a different coloured wonted puree , in wbion were three sovereigns and two halfsovereigns , twenty . five 25 franc pieces , fifteen 21 francs , sixteen cents , tep guilders ( Holland ) , and fifteen twenty . five frano pieces . The two latter sums of money were wrapped up in a piece of paper . Whea Monsieur Corbel entered on board of the Dahlia he had the whole of the money Bafe on Mb person . On

      leaving the boat , and having occasion for some money , he discovered that it had been stolen . The thief had exhibited his adroitness by removing tbe other of Monsieur Corbel ' s money from another pocket . As soon aa his loss was ascertained , the captain and others connected with tbe boat endeavoured to recolleot what desoription of person was near him , but no individual of a suspicious charaoter conld be recollected . From the clean manner in which the puna and the other property was abstracted , it is the opinion that the robbery was effected by some of the members of the swell mob as Monsieur Corbel was entering the beat . As soon as the robbary wu made known to the City police , information was sent round to the several bullion dealers , bnt with little chance of the aoney being recovered .

      Building oh the Enclosubb , Lmcrskb Squabr . —On Wednesday preparations commenced within the enclosure , Leicester Square , to convert that hitherto use ess plot of ground into an exchange baitar , to be called the Royal Victoria Arcade Bsmar . There will be four distinct entrances , one at each angle of the square , the arcade being in the form of a cross , the statue of King George I . forming its centre , around which will be constructed a circular promenade open to the air ; within each angle an ornamental fountain wili be constructed , to ba supplied with water from the artesian wells that famish thote in Trafalgar Square . This ground was originally leased to MisB Linwood by the Crown , together with the opposite bnilding known as Saville Palace , with an express covenant that it was not to be built over ; bnt in consideration of the highly ornamental charaoter of the proposed construction , and the improvement it will be to the neighbourhood , the Commissioners of Woeds and Forests are understood to have consented to the

      erection . t Hb Opbn Sbwbb op Kbnbai Nbw Town , Pad-DiaeTON— At length there is hope that this pestife . rou » nuisance will be drained off , for the West LondonAnb-EaolMnw Ansoolation and Sanitary Improvement Sooiety have taken the matter up , and obtained the interference of the General Board of Heath . The sewer in qneition is about a mile in loDgth , and the stench arising from it is so horrible that it pollutes the air far and wide . On Sunday last the lady of Mr Goodhart , one of the 8 Herifi « , was robbed of a purse oontainine Mroml

      sovereigna and some silver . The Lord Mayor and the sheriff * and their ladies attended the charity Ber . mon at the church ef St CathwiBe Cree , in Leadenhall street , aad on going totteir carriages after the ? S % ? ! r IT * " * * ho 8 t 00 d behind M " GoodhBrt , slipped the pane out so cleverly as to get oHUf sight before it was misted . Of late the robbend , committed by well-dressed boyn . and females , who look like respectable mothers of fkmilies , have been innumerable . The cleverness with which the Stty remB ' kX * ted U Btated b * ^

      ™ « f » d- n - r 2 . n TuMday iD ^ « w «« held on Matthew Davis , labourer , aged forty , who acoidentally fell into the hold of the ship on board which he was employed , and fractured hiiskullmost fright-« Vi » A » ° K - ? B ? . ftDl' » » Sed tb . irty . iive , firat mate of a brig laying in the eastern basin . who fell overboard and wag drowned before he could be asiuted . Walkihg thh Plank -An inquest was held on thebedyofDamel MarBhall , agedl 5 , a sailor , who was walking to his vessel ( which lay moored at Wappmg ) along a plank , when it suddenly slipped and precipitated him into the water . The body was recovered very quickly , but he was quite dead . Verdiot accordingly . AmeM Attempts to DiSTBor a Houmhold oy FiBi .-OnTueeday morning between the boon of

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      twelye and one , information was received at the * VV th En 2 lai 1 ^ . ^^ on brigade stations , tha a fire-tbe second within a few days , upon the « une premiees , had oscurred at 256 Tottenham Court Road , in the oooupancy of Mr George Pearce , a greengrocer . Iuppean tha t on Saturday morning last a fire brokeont in the basement floor of the prern ses , and was not diicoWed until theflassM , hadcomplete pes ^ un o the floor , and were aecending the bS cam This fire was believed to bave oriRinated from purely accidents circumstances , unil Monday night , at a few minutes before twelve o ' clock when another fire was discovered burnin g in tbe same portion of the hoaae . Two females , who were up at the timo , perceivtd a large basket placed on the floor

      ana in a gener .. l bbie ; the waa soon extinguished , bu , it the whole of the inmates had been asleep , it is quite probable that the fire would have progressed , and same of them been burnt to death . One of the females states , that as Bhe was going along the passage , a man rusbed from the direction of the kitchen and left the house , making his escape before the alarm could be raised in the street . SumiDB of a Young WoMAs .-On Tuesday , Mr Bedford held an inquest at the Feather * , Dean Street , Westminster , on the bo Jy of a woman , name unknown , axed about twenty-three . John Collins , a fianerman , living in a barge on tbe Thames , said he found tke body on Monday morning in the ri 7 er near Millbank . He took it ashore , and having washed thefaoe . gaveitakise . ( Laughter ^ The coroner : A kiss to a dead woman ! why '—Witness : For affection , I always do it when I find a female body . Some people laugh at ma , bu > I don't care . ' The

      witnessfurther stated that he thought thedeoeaicd had destroyed herself about four hours previously , sb the body appeared to have been in the water about that time . Verdict , « Found dead . ' Cbabgb 6 fMubdhr . —At the Clerkenwell polio * court , on Saturday last , two female fiends , Sarah Bishop and Ann May , one the mother and the other the aunt , were charged with the ill-treatment of two ohildren , one of whom it was alleged had died from theeffeotaof the Wowb and brucality ot the two wretches . On Tuesday Mr Wakley held an inaneat

      on tbe body of Ann May , aged two years and seven months . The oase was gone into at great length , bnt aa the medical witnesses could not say but that the extravasation of blood upon the brain , which was the immediate cause of death , might have occurred without violence , the jury returned the following verdict : — ' That Harriet May came to her death from effu ion of blood on the brain , but that whether that effusion wns caused by natural disease or acoidental violence there is not sufficient evidence bsfore the jury to nhow . ' The inquiry lasted several

      hours . Suddbn Death op a Youho Ladt in a Cab . —On Wednesday night , between the hours of eleven and twelve o ' olock , a case of audden-death occurred in a cab in the London Road , close to the Elephant and Castle , and whioh wa g at first supposed to have been tte result of as attack of cholera . It appears that the deceased ( Miss llutchinson ) , of 92 , Suffolk Street , Southwark Bridge Road , who was on ber return home from an eveBing party in the neighbourhood , hailed a cab , and having taken her Beat in the vehiole , the driver asked where he was to put hi r down , but having received no answers to his repeated inquiries , be opened the . door and found that the young laty was quite dead . She was immediate ^ oonveyed to the residence of Dr'ThotaaB . in the Loi »

      don Road , who . having need every remedy to restore life , pronounced that the oauBe of death was not , as the orowd assembled had rumoured , cholera , but tee result of an apopleotio fit , arising from disease of tte heart . The deceased was at once borne home on a stretcher by the police . Shocking Suicide . —On Monday a young man in the employ of a butcher carrying on business in the neighbourhood of Hatton Garden , was taken to task by hiB master respecting the price of some mutton chops , alleged to have been sold , but whioh were not accounted for . An altercation ensued and the master threatened to eev . d for a policeman , when the man , in a-paroxysm of passion or fear , seized a knife and out hia throat as he stood , in so fearful a manner that he expired is a few minutes afterwards , before surgical aid could be obtained .

      Child Mcbdkr , —On Monday morning the body of a child abrut two month * old was found in the river , at Lower Rotherhithe , with its bbuII beaten in and its neok tightly compressed by a cord . The deceased has not yet been identified . Clashing op thb Coronebi' and Magistrates ' Ooubts . —On Saturday last , Mr Wakley , M . P ., summoned a jury at the Duke of Wellington , Brighton Street , Cromer Street . New Road , to ir quire into the death of Harriett May , aged three years . Previous to the jury beintt Bworn , Mr Wakley inquired cf his summoning officer whether the witnesses were in attendance ? The offioer replied that they were

      not , in consequence of deceased ' s mother and aunt having been arrested under a charge of having oaueed deceased ' s death . The witneBBea were , therefore , compelled to attend the police office at that vary moment . The coroner and jury depreoated this dashing of the two court ? , and , after some very severe remarks by the jnry on the anbjeot , the coroner adjourned the inquiry to another day . mEstbrbitb Illicit Dhtillbry . — On Friday the Excise paid a domiciliary visit to the house No . 1 . Wejmouth Street , Hnxton , where they discovered a etill capable of holding 150 gallocB , forty hogsheads , with banelp , tubs , piping , and other matters used in distilling .

      Coubt'Martial — Chatham , Oct . 24 . —A general court-martial , ef which Colonel S . B . Eilis , of the Royal Marines , ia president , assembled at this garrino : * , lor the trial of Private William M'Fadyen , No . 2 , 275 of the 72 ud regiment ( Duke of Albany ' s own Highlanders ) , on three charges : —1 st , for habitual drunkenness , hem four times drunk within twelve calendar months ; 2 nd , ior baviBg , at Sheernees , on the 4 th icBt ., made use of inBolent andinsnb ordinate language towards Sergeant Peter Ritohie , 72 nd Highlanders , when in the execution of his duty ; and 3 rd , for having , at Sheerness , on the 5 : h inst ., disobeyed the lawful command of hiscommandiag offioer , by refusing to tako the punishment which he had awarded him . The prisoner pleaded Bot guilty to the charges on their being read by Captain J . S . Wiod . The Brigade-Major , whoaotedas

      cue Deputy . Judge Advocate , Sergeant Peter Ritehle , Sergeant John M'Donald , Sergeant Patrick Henry , and Lieutenant and Adjutant M'Keszie , were severally examined at length . Neither of the witnesses could prove the third charge . The prisoner , m hiB defence , called Corporal David Miller , and Private Thomas Little , and Private James Gibb , and these three soldiers positively deolared that the prisoner was sober on the evening of the 4 . hcf October , when he was taken to the guard-room as drunk ; and tbe two privates also deolared that they were with the prisoner when he spoke to Sergeant Ritchie , and he did not make uee of any bad language to bim . The court was then cleared , and after a short time , the court broke up , acquitting the prisoner , who oust remain confined until the deoision is confirmed by the Horse Guards .

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      THE IRISH TEIALS FOR HIGH TREASON .

      Clonmkl , Wednesday Evening . —Tie trial of Mr Meagher was resumed this morning- and the examination of witnesses has occapied the court during the day . On the direct examination , the evidence was sijiilar to that given on the former trial s , so that anything worthy of notice was not elicited on crossexamination . Mr Meagher exhibits great composure , and sometimes laughs heartily at hearing the policemen read tbeir reports of his speeches . He al ? o occasionally trauseo himself by writing autographs ior the ladies who crowd the galleries .

      Thpbbdat . —After the examiDstien of several witneBsea tor the crown , Mr Whiteside delivered an able and eloquent : speech for the defence . He necessarily repeated many of the points and arguments urged by hirnin hisaddreBBon behalf of O'firies . lie was several times applauded during its delivery ; At bait-past six o ' clock the learned gentleman applied for an adjournment to Friday morning , when lie will resume hie address . The evidence adduced by the crown againBt Mr Meagher , on Thursday , was , as usual , mainly that of police ' reporters , ' whese readinew to swear to their leBsom , learned of , parrot-like , by rote * contrasted strongly with the evident reluotsnce of any of the witnesses belonging to the peasantry wbo were examined for the prosecution . Tho mode adopted by the learned coansel for the defence of impugning the evidence ef these hired witnesses was moat damaging , as will be seen from the followkg specimens : —

      John Lawler , policeman , crosa-eiamined by Mr Butt , with reference to Mr Meagher ' s quotation about the ' bilking ship' acd the French Revolution : — Are you a perron well acquainted with literature 1 No . —Did you ercr read Lamartine ' d History of the Girondists V N < s —Mr Bntt here read tbe following passage from the ' Girondists ' : — ' A mercenary informer knows no distinction under such a system ; tho obnoxious people are slaves , not only to the government , but they live at the mercy of every individual . They are at onoe slaves of the whole community , and of every part of it ; and the wont and most unmerciful . Kien are those on whore goodness they muBt depend . ' Did you ever hear that pasaaze

      before ! No . —Repeat that pa ? sajte now . for me . I cannot do so . —You cannot repeat me a single line of the sentence ? I will not say I can . —Did Mr Meagher read that passage ? fie did sot . —Did he use the words , ' the crew , intoxicated by blood atd powder , carried the pride of tbe flag even to suicide enmasie ? ' No , he did not . —Mr Butt then read frr witness tbe following paesage : — 'The Vengeur , surrounded by three enemies ' ships , still fought ; her captain was cut in twe , her officers mutilated , her sailors decimated by grape , her ruMta shattered , aEd her sails in rage . The English ships kept clear of her , as of a body whose last convukions might le dangeroue , but whioh could nut escape dea . h . The crew , intoxicated with blood and powder , carriid the

      pride of the flag even to suicide fen mam ) . They nailed the colours to the stump of a mast , and obstinately refused all quarter , awaiting only uitil the water , which from minute to minute increased in the hold , should shelter them under its wrath . Aa the hull submerged gradually plank by phbk , ths intrepid crew launched forth the broadside from every gun the waveB still ' eft uncovered . The lower tier extinct , they accended to the higher and discharged that ugpn the enemy . At last , when the eea swept ok an over the ship , tbe last broadside blezed forth on a level with the water , and the crew sank with the ship , amidst criei of * Vive la Kepubliqua ! ' The English , struck dumb pith admiration , covered the sea with their boats , and Bavedagreat part of them . ' Repeat that for me now ? No . —Caa

      you do it ? I'll not say I can . —And now tell me , upon your oath , if yon can trust jour memory torepeat speeches delivered to a crowd in Carrick five months ago ? I went there under orders fiom ray officer determined to take notes of a speech . —Thafa notanswerirg the question 1 asked yon . Did yon go there determined to have a report of a speech cue way or another ? No—I ask job again to repeat one single word of that pasBage I have read ? No . — Repeat for me , verbatim , the words yon used to-dsj about the fire-ship ; ' If we fail , we shall sink from view with one ery of' Long live the Repablic , ' which shall riae to the hearing of generations yet unborn . ' —Repeat that sentence again slowly and deliberately , bo that the court may take h down . Yon lordships will see presently my object in this .

      Chief Justice Blackburne to witness . —Repeat tbe words now . The Witneps . — 'If we fail we eball sink like ths fire-Bhip of the French Republic , which sunk from view , ' or ' we Bhall sink from vuw , 'I am not certain which , ' with a cry of ' Long live the RepuMff whioh Bhall rise to the hearing ot generations yet unborn . '—Did Mr Meagher say he'd sink from vie ^ and was that the meaning oi his words ? I understood that to be the meaning of his words . Mr Butt . —How could these be tbe words ' If— - Chief Justice Dohertj . —Yon will not read t&P question from that paper new , under the pretense oi

      Mr Bntt . —With all respect for the court , I mtuft aay I am not capable of using any pretence . lam about to atk a question . Do you mess to say whether that last sentence was an expression of Mr Meagheft own , or whether he was referring to a historical incident ? I took it to be his own . —Bow often did yea read over the copy of this information I hold in m $ hand ? I did not read it over more than three me four times . —When last ? On Friday sight last- — How often did you repeat it to yourself ? I cannot recollect . —Did you yesterday ? I did Where ? In the court-house here . —When yon thought you wen going to be examined ? Yes . —How often yesterday did you repeat it . Three or four times . —Now read this passage from your information : —The witness

      then read the passage pointed ont in his information as follows : — ' Which Bank from view with one cry of ' Long live the Republio' which arose to the hearing of generations then unborn . '—Is that the true one ? It m . —Then , in point ot fact , the representation if this passage , which you gave on the table before is different from what you now give ? It is . —Then yoa mistook the purport of it ? I did . Patrick Coghlan , another police reporter , was cross-examined by Mr Whiteside : Never reporteS a speech in my life before ; am not prond of tbe manner in which I reported this one ; I did sot take notea at the time , for although 1 had a tablet a my [ pocket I did not thick it sa'e to use it in the crowd ; I was nearer to the speaker than Hamilton

      ( the last witness ); the orowd seemed excited ; them were shouts cf applause ; I think I have overrated the number of people present when I estimated lt&t 4 , 000 ; when I returned to the police barrack aftsr the speeches , I sat down to write my coteB of it ; Hamilton sat down to write st the Barne table with me ; the original notes that I took I gave to Mr Gore Jones as my informations . —Did you keep * copy of them for yourself ! No ; bnt I pot a copy oi them when I was going to Dublin . —Did you sot tell me on the formar trial that yoa made a copy tte morning before you were examined ? No , sir , I said no such thing ; and I am K > rry to eaj that , in addressing the jury you mis-stated my evidence to them . —Were you listening to my spwwh ? I was . —

      Do you think you could refer to it i Witness ( laughing ) Oh bo , air . —This is verypleautt no doubt to you ; but the gentleman on trial for bit life does not osnsider it so amusing . Now , sir , 19 W did I misrepresent your evidence ? You said 1 confessed thai the morning I entered the court I wrote the copy . Mr Whiteside ( reading from a newspaper . )— 'I wiote this since I came to Clownel '—is sot tht ) what yoa stated on your exfiDuaiion ? Witness ( with aa air of triumph ) : Ay , my lord , but is that Baying that I wrote it the morning I was examined ? Not being aware of tbe manner in whioh . 1 should give my evidence , in order to make it tin

      more 'legible' I though it wonld he necessary to write it to hand it over to the court and jury . That ia the reason , my lordB and gentleman , why I mate the copv of the information after I came to ClonmeL Mr Whiteside ( who had resumed bis Beat whilst witness was Bpeaking ) . Have you My thing to aayf I have not . MrWbiteside ( blandly ) . —Because if jou wish to address the jury I shall be most happy to hear yon . ( Laughter ) . Some days before yon were examined did yon not make an addition tojonr eaamination ? I made an addition to it in Dublin . On my oath after I came to Clonmel and before I was examined I

      added to my original information , and brought tha notes to court to refresh me ; the paper I now hold in my hand is the original statement I made and haeded to my officer ; I have stated matters today on my oath whioh I did not state in either ot ay informations , for I consider I was bound to state on my oath everything whioh might since occur to my memory . The Clerk of the Crown then read the information of the witness sworn before Mr John Gore Jones ; it contained no mention whatever of the fire-ship and the French Republic Does not the addition to your Gist information , whioh I will call the ' second edition . ' relate to tin French Republio and the fire-shi p ? Tea , it does . Chief Justice Biaokburne . —Why do you call ths further statement of the witness an' addition '—is it an additional information ?

      Mr Whiteside . —No , my lord . It ia called ' extracts of a speeoh' and has been written since the witness came to Clonmel . Cross-examination returned . —I did not say a word in either of say written statements about'perjured ' or ' bloody' judges ; from the peculiar atjle oi Mr Meagher ' s langnagel was unable to recollect a greal part of it ; will not swear that all sentences were oonnected ; I ommitted those sentences whioh i did net think essential ; I have not s perfeetreaolleotitm of what wag said about the work being completed in thirty years , but I think he said that in thirty years some new spirit like his own might ariw to complete the work he had begun ; I know Constable Geary , and I read his information ; I have cot sworn any thjog which was la his infoma&aa iid not h »

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      THE POWELL PLOT .

      TRIAL OF GEORGE BRIDGE MULLINS . Cehtbal CjUMWiL Coubt . —On Thursday , George Bridge Mallini , aged twenty-two , described as a surgeon , waaplaced in the dock , charged with feloniously compassing , imagining , and intending to levy war against her Majesty , &o . The prisoner pleaded not guilty . The Attorney General , Mr Welsby , Mr Clarkeon , Mr Bodkin , and Mr Clark , conducted thecasa on the part of the crown , Mr Parry and Mr Metcalfe defended the prisoner . Mr Straight , theClerk of the Arraigns , having read over the Indictment , the names of the jury ineluded in the panel were called over , and at the re queatof Mr Parry their addresses , as well as their names , were read . A great number of the jurymen called were objected to by Mr Parry , and particularly those residing in London . The calling over of the names occupied a considerable time . The jury having been selected and sworn , The Attorney General stated the case to the jury , and detailed the history of the conspiracy , describing the nature of the evidence which would be adduce ! in support of the indiotment , in the same order , and to the same effect , and nearly in the same language , as he did on the trials of DowliDg , . Cuffey , Laoey , and others ; and then called Thomas Powell , the spy , who gave precisely the same evidence which he gave on the former trials , and which it is unnecessary to repeat . The witness was nnder examination when we went to press *

      Aixised Mcsdeb . —Anne Trioham , 40 , spinster , indicted for the wilful murder of Alice Trinham , a onlld five years old , by calling her into tha Thames , and thereby causing ber to be drowned . —Mr Rjland and Mr Laurie conducted the prosecution for the authorities of the City of London . Mr Clarkion defended the prl-Mctr . —Mary Bell deposed that , on the 8 th September , she was on Board a iteam bout going to Lsndon Bridge . It was in the eyeniog , and nearly dark . While ehs wai on board she obierved a woman with a child in her arms go aleng tbe dick to the sponson of the vessel , and Immediately afterwards the boat was stopped , and she heard the captain call oat ' sculler , ' and the steamer was put back and everything was done to save tba wo * man who bad , it appeared , jumpedoverboard with her child . The whole proceeding was the act ef an instant . William Fry corroborated the evidence ef tbis witness . George Whitcomb said that he was a passenger at the time in question , and was sitting at tbs head of the boat when hu beard the captain cry out that a woman had jumped overboard with a child in her arms . As soon as he was able he jumped into a barge that lay alongside the pier , and saw the body of a woman floating in the water , and he observed a waterman go towards the object and take it out of the water . It was ths prisoner . As they were going to the police-station tbe prisoner asked what had become of her ohild , and she added that excessive grief bad caueed ber todo what she had , and said shehad been in great trouble . When tbs prisoner inquired what had become of her child , he told her that he believed It was all right , bat he ceald not tell her positively . -Cross , examined . The prisoner repeatedly inquired after her child , and appeared to be in great distress of mind . It wai quite dark at the time the occurrence took place . — Other witnesass were examined , after which Mr Ciark . son addressed the jary for the prisoner . —Mr Justioe Maale summed up , and the jury , without deliberating msnthaa a mlrmte , returned a verdict of 'Not Qtilty . '

      Central Flrfmmal Court.

      Central flrfmmal Court .

      -^™^—^—^—^¦^^¦Ai^Ai^Af'^Ai^S^A—¦^Aw". Imropittan Inttuiftm

      - ^™^—^—^—^¦^^¦ ai ^ ai ^ af' ^ ai ^ s ^ a—¦^ aw" . iMropittan inttuiftm

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      POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION . This really valuable place of amusement continues to attract numerous audiences—and , indeed , were it otherwise , it would reflect a discreditable taste on tbe citizens of the metropolis . We were deli ghted the other evening with the lecture of Dr Bachoffner on Gutta Percha . Thi s singular substance resembles nothing else in nature except by appearancebeing like to leather externally . Although only recently discovered , it is unrivalled in its application to useful purposes . It may be used for almost everj domestic purpose for which wood or earthenware is necessary , and is impervious to all influences , except heat of a given degree . The lecturer exhibited

      a variety ot chaste and beautiful ornaments , including some mouldings , equalling any carvings on wood that we have seen for appearance . He amused his audience by blowing a gutta percha flute , and exhibited tubes for conveying sound , stating that , with the aid of gutta percba pipes , a speaking telegraph of any length may be constructed , by having stations five or six miles apart—such being the distance that gutta percha pipes will conveniently convey sound . Gutta percha is well fitted to be used for mill belts—there being one in use in the Institutipn , answering every desirable purpose . Harness of all kinds may be made from it , and its use as soles for dhoes is universally known . Gutta

      pereha dissolved , forms a solution tbat covers wounds on the skin , which may be put on by the aid of a brush , and subjects the party using the same to no further annoyance or pain . It requires no stretch of imagination to suppose that dissolved , gutta percha will shortly supersede the use of sticking plaster in cases of slight wounds , and will be a real benefit to joiners , carpenters , and shoemakers , and such other trades as are subjected , by necessity , to slight wounds or irritation of the skin , Gutta percha immersed in warm water , becomes quite soft , and will receive any impression , retaining the same when cold . The process of manufacture , therefore , cannot be expensive , In

      addition to the useful information given by experimental lectures pn useful and scientific subjects , the large hall is filled with choice models of the newest inventions in machinery , whilst the cosmo . raic views and illuminated transparencies , representing ancient cities , and famed views of places and scenery , are an endless source of instruction and enjoyment . In a word , we consider the Polytechnic , and all similar Institutions , to be popular model seminaries for the improvement and refine , ment of the people , conveying knowledge in tbe most popular and pleasant manner—to wit , by object teaching . Therefore , we say to our reader ' s , when you are desirous of amusing and improving your minds , visit ths Polytechnic .

      Untitled Article

      — " October 28 , 1848 , THE NORTHERN STAR . 5

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 28, 1848, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1494/page/5/