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Northern Star (1837-1852), 12th February 1848, Edition 1 of 3, Page 5, Untitled Article

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    • Co £Uateg ^Comsyonlieit te
    • Rational $s&oriatfon ot Im'teti Cratos,
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      Untitled Article

      armament which blockaded the coast of Africa at a cost of about a million and a quarter an ' nu ally , as well as all the restrictions which at present prevent the West Indian planters from getting their labour where they can , how they can , and at any price they can . It is quite possible to pursue this last course without actually re-establishing slavery in our own colonies , a course which would be re pugnant to the feelings of every Briton . It nrieht be done , under such circumstances as

      would not ouly give the' experiment of free labour a fa r trial , but give it in such a way as effectually to extinguish the slave trade , an attempt in which we have hitherto entirely failed . The meney now most wastefully expended upon th e African squadron , if applied for a few years to promote the immigration of free negroes to our ] own colonies , under arrangements which would secure just and humane treatment , would not only—if all parties went to work in good faith—save these colonies , but relieve this country from a useless and heavy burden . The Whigs , however , while forced to admit the lamentable state of

      this portion of the empire , are utterly unprepared with any measures commensurate with th " . exigency or the nature of the rase . Instead of taking a decided stand upon one or other of the two grounds we have indicated , the Chancellor of the Exchequer endeavours to compromise the matter by offering a batch of small measures , beyond which , he says , the committee now appointed shall not drive him , and the government for which he speaks . He will admit molasses for distillation , but not for hrewing . He will admit cane-juice for distilling and brewing , if a duty can be fixed by which the revenue will notlose . He will lend 200 , 000 / .

      to promote immigration . Captured negroes will be removed to the West Indies almost wholly at the expense of this country . In other words , after spending about a million ] and a quarter yearly in capturing a few hundred negroes from the slave-ships , we are to be at the additional expense of taking them to our colonies . These , with some smaller concessions , constitute the ministerial programme for the West Indies . That they are altogether inadequate to the emergency , is the firm conviction of every one , who is acquainted with the subject . Whether , in spite of Sir Charles Wood ' s declaration , the committee will extort more remains to be seen .

      The Jewish Disabilities' Bill has , in its pas sage through another stage , given rise to some interesting discussion . The speeches of Mr Walpole and Mr Shiel , one against and the other in favour of the measure , on Monday evening , were admirable in themselves ; and the leading arguments ably condensed on both sides . Mr Walpole ' s speech was distinguished by all the higher qualifications of oratory . In construction faultless , in diction polished and perspicuous , and in delivery at once refined , earnest , and impressive . Shiel , on the other hand , poured forth one of those wonderful and stirring compositions of

      c Thoacht 3 tkst breathe , and words that burn , " which so pre-eminently characterise the efforts of that great orator . To those condemned , night after night , to hear the dull platitudes , and the duller drones who deliver them , which constitute the mass of Parliamentary oratory , an outburst like that of Monday night is refreshing beyond description . Mr Wood , the member for Oxford , also made an admirable legal , logical , and historical speech , in favour of the bill , which wilh , no doubt , pass through the Legislature . The pressure upon our columns this week prevents us from noticing in the manner their importance deserves , sundry other matters which have been under the consideration of

      the House . The Sanitary Bill , introduced by Lord Morpeth on Thursday ; the Retirement of Lord G . Bentinck from the Leadership of the country party ; the Demonstration , on Wednesday , of the Sailors of the Port of London , in favour of the Navigation Laws , and various Other questions , directly or indirectly connected with political affairs , claim a place ; but , S 3 most of them will keep for another week , mustleave them for future comment .

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      XISCIXLANEOBS . jg- Isow that Parliament has assem bled we must , as a general rale , excludelengtby communications , unless reports ( weS written ) of verj important meetings . Reporters , writers of letters , and Chartist and Land sab-secretaries will , therefore , oblige by making their communications as brief as possible . We shall be glad if some of par correspondents will try to improve their writing ; and shal } thank others , who might do so , to let as have their reports , to ., before Thursday .

      PUBLIC MONIES . We request all Sob-secretaries , and other per-56 ns who may haTe occasion to send public monies to the Metropolis , to pay attention to tho following -directions : — Monies for tie anderstated purposes must be . addressed as follows : — PapnenU for the Kortkem Star . Me WHliam Bidtr , 16 , Great Windmill-street , Hsyaarfcet , London . Kational Zand and Zabovr Bank . ' The Manager of the National Land aad Labour Bank , No . , Sew Oxford Street , London . ' National Lani Company . ' The Directors of the National Land Company , Sp . Hi , High Helfcorn , London . ' National Charter Association : Mr Thomas Clark , No . 144 , High Holborn , London .

      Central Registration and . Election Committee . 'Mr James 6 ras > by , No . 8 , Noah ' s Ark-court , Stangtte , Lambeth , London . ' National Victim , and Wtitovs ojkJ Orphans Fund . Mr Joh » Simpson , Elm Cottage , Waterloo-stteet , Camberwell , London . ' For Mrs W . Jone $ . ' tfr John Simpson , Elm Cottage , Waterloo-street , Caniberwell , London . ' Metropolitan Chartist Ball . ' Kr _ Tapp . No . 52 , Finiburj lfarket / London . ' Defence of Mr . (/ Connor ' s Seal in Parliament . ' Kr Thomas Clark , So . 144 , High HoJbgrn , London . ' Prosecution of the ilanihesler Eeamitar . 4 Mr ThOBai Clark , No . 144 , High Holborn , Loufen . The SUtford Case . « Kr Thomas Clark , K » . 144 , High Holborn , London .

      The Fraternal Democrats . ' G-. Julian Harney , No . IS , Great Windmill-street Haymarket , London . ' Chited Trades' Atsoeiation . 'Mr Btrratt , No , 11 , Tottenham Court Road , London . ' fg- Monies sent contrary t » the above directions pill not be acknowledged . * * * Prirateletters istended for Mr O'Connor , and sent to this effice , muat be marked ' Frirate . ' CorrespoHdents are requested not to trouble Mr O'Connor with lettere , reports , < fcc , intended for the Star ; nor with any letters that should be addressed as set forth abote .

      ALFBED FfflSSEM confirms the statement o ? correspen dents noticed in our last , respecting the Messrs Smith of the New Inn , Birmingham . J . M'Ceae . —Eeceived . Thanks . . _ PS to tie Admess to the Chartists' m behalf ox 7 Mr Thomas Barrow , in our . third page .- ' Any member * seeing the address , will much obbge by reading it * the members , or giring it to the secretary oi the locality to read . Additional subscriptions "rawed > - Jotm Simpson , Sin Cottage , CamberwelU 10 s ; T Hammesfo , perBfliton Association , 7 s 4 d ; f ^ Newsom , Hanging Heaton , near Dewsburj , 5 s . Soml 2 £ w ™ mL-We havano room for the roles fsriBAL CoKKtwicATiosi are postponed through want

      SECT W ? EK-Mr GUI ' s lecture ; Hamck Trades ; » nd raort of the If mehester Land members tea-party ; We Swsorrjto be compelled to exclude this report ; from o £ r JreiMrt atuober ; but the late hour at irhichit reached ns . has compelled tiat exclusion . S . D ., Ayr 7-EnonK l . h * s been « aid concerning thftt person to prove hii worthlessness . V- . The Fsatumi . D « o « AW . -Julian Hanusj h" received from Ernest Jones , the Mowing sums .-William White , Oldhaa , Is ; James Coof er , Gldham , Is , Edwin Turnbull , Middleton . ls . Soter- ^ mt juhd the Nzw Land CkatPAJfr . — In the ibEeuceofanj cajtioui objection to « rft * rt « i . tissue » f assertions , ' or any gnarantee for sufficient space in your columns to prove his misteken news , I must decline his challenge , at least , until the author - of the Government Land Scheme shall publish the "" latitude and leDgitade of this nioaern ' Utopia . Should I Burme the thunder of JUr O'Connor s formidable artillery , I may haTe the temerity to exchange a pop-gun with your Plymouth correspondent , — Tour ' s , faithfully , S A . Donaldson . Warwick ,

      February 7 th , 1818 . Sir Wnire , Middlesborough . — "We hare already two Agents in your town ( ilr Richardson , and Mr Wilson . I You are wrong in saying the subscribers hare to wait onttl the papers aniYe from Stockton We po * t them direct to Hiddlesborougo .

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      ' — — No Rook . —J , Smith . Shethwicc—Communications from Smetkwick , as from every other locality , have our attention whenever thei reach us . ' J . Shith , Weymouth : —The cost of an advertisement de . pemds on its length . Any inquiries respecting ths Land Company must be addressed to the Directors EKATCH .-lheBame of one of our correspondents whost letters respecting the Messrs Smith , of the New Inn SS ™ ** noticed in our last is Welsford , noi T . Welwokd , Binningham . -YouTBelf and friendB hai better join the London society of Fraternal Democrats To establish branches of that society might rtnder its members liable to the penalties of illegality WCbocott writes :- < I have received from 1 few friend , at Litle Heaton , near Manchester , the sum of foui shillings , towards defending Mr O'Connor ' s seat in Par iiament . Nottisghah —The 6 s Cd acknowledged in the Stab . o last week m the name of Ley , shoSld-haTe-Sefp per Mr Ley , Carrington . W . UottJjSs tifaofcnow ^ the iol !» wing sums , for the defence ^' O'Connor ' s sea in Parliament :-Tfle democrats of ¦ Bullwell , - £ 13 s ; i Friend , Gd ; Mr Leeman , Gd ; Larabley , per Mr Plumb 3 s Gd ; TTinfield , Ifew ¦ Radford , Is 6 d ; Wardanc Friends , Is led j John Smith , 2 d ; Benjamin Brown 6 d ; Sanrael Skevington , 6 a ; J . Sweet's hook , £ l 7 s 5 d MpLey , Carrington , 4 s 3 d ; total , £ 3 5 s Sd . , S- ^ r ' iNQnrsXB . — The allotment advertised by Mr Elms y ^ Newton Abbott , has been disposedoFfor j £ 90 , ' cast // down . ' . .. , '" f Mr J . Wiixiaxs , Shaftesbury . — Bemit quarterly — noi monthly . The workwill ' be charged two shillings tc you , ready cash . ' " v , .. Halifax . —Mr G . Webber writes at follows : — ' Allow m < to contradict a statement made by Mr Tomlinson in hi * letter inserted in the STAB of Saturday'last . Mr Ti states that he knew nothing about being announced tc lecture at Halifax , on January lGth , when ' thi fact of the matter is , that Mr Tomlinson knew at least ten weeks previous , that he was to lecture at Halifax a 1 the time specified . The association in' the districii would imagine that I was a fool to announce any mar to lecture unless he had consented to do so . Ii answer to numerous inquiries , I have to state that MTomlinson is no longer countenanced as a local led turer of this district . — George Wsbbjsb , districl secretary , P . S . I merely make this statemeni to exonerate myself from any blame which tin secretaries in this district may imagine is ' attached to me . —6 . W .

      Untitled Article

      • Union for the Million . ' BRISTOL NAILMAKERS—END OF THE

      STRIKE IN FAVOUR OF THE MEN . Tho contest between the master nailors and the workmen lias been brought to a successfu ] termination , occasioned by the persevering efforts of the men , aid exertions of the Central Committee , thus prou ' ng the utility of a combined effort of the working classes to one common centre of attraction and power . The circumstances connected with this case—the reasons offered for a reduction—are of . so' singular a character , that we deeai it desirable to offer a few remarks on the nature of ( heir tendency towards establishing a new feature in ihe history of reductions .

      The abatement offered amounted to fourpencc per thousand , and the reason assigned was . that the price of provision , has beenjcheapetied , and that the master nailors in the north of England possess means of producing nails at a cheaper rate than the masters in the west ; thus producing a competition they were enabled to meet in the general market , only by a reduction in the manufactured article ; and tJii 3 to be effected by a reduction in VTages , rather than improving the article , or lowering the per centagein the shape of profits . The masters in this case , as in many others , contrive to take their orders at a certain price , making allowances fer advances in the price of iron , &c , but , under no consideration do

      they consult a probability or the necessity of an advance in labour ; and Should the disposer of labour attempt to ask ,, much less demand , an adequate remuneration- for his commodity , the press generally makes common caiue with the capitalists in showing the unreasonableness of the men . But should the iron masters or othtr capitalists demand an advance in the price of the raw material , the press and capitalists ascribe it to general causes , or the rise and fall of markets ; thus conveniently shelving the question in favour of the ' Laird o' mun . ' The shallownfss of the argument adduced , that , because pro * visions were cheaper , labour should be reduced , is so manifestly unsound , so contrary to the dilates of reason and common sense , that we think no sane

      men will hereafter attempt to establish it as a ground for reducing wages . If so , on the other hand , they must admit , as a matter of common honesty , the justice of advancing wages when a rise in provisions takes place ; thus establishing an everlasting system of contentiun between the employer and the eraployed , which should on all occasions be discountenanced , where the employer divides the profits fairly between the producer and himself . Another reason adduced by the employers , was from the fact of an advance of wages in the trade in the month of February , 1847 , but this reason , like the others , is so unsound in principle , so untenable in its nature , and so opposed to custom , law , and order , that it failed to produce the effect the masters desired .

      The men reasoned , they complained , nay , they beseeched the employers to give the original prices , but the obstinacy of a few to the legitimate requests of the men . prevailed for a tim $ The case appeared desperate . The masters secured within the citadel of capital , the men and the Central Committee determined to persevere , which , after repeated applications , succeeded in forcing obedience to their reasonable terms . No doubt the employers imagined the men would be starved into compliance , but in this they were deceived , to their own disadvantage and chagrin . We hope the lesson taught , and the experience gained , by the employers in this case , will be turned to their advantage . The men have no desire to ask for anything unreasonable . They do not desire ^ e dictate , they only require ' a fair day ' s wage for a fair day ' s work , ' and this they are entitled to .

      The advantage of a third party is here fully portrayed ; the men of themselves were unable to settle this matter—not from a want of firmness , but the power—and had the Central Committee not taken active measures in sending one of their body to the scene of action ( Mr Humphries ) , the cause would , in all probability , have been lost , not only to them , but to the nailors in general . The masters-offered a bold and determined opposition , but they have

      been defeated . We rejoice in the defeat , not because the masters are conquered , but that labour has asserted her rights in this case , as we trust she will in others . The interest of the employer is to have bis work done as cheap as possible , and it ia the interest of the employed to receive as much as he can . The two interests being opposed , it becomes indispensably necessary that a general union of feeling and action should be established among all trades , whether high or low .

      The Bristol nailors approve of this sentiment , as will be seen by the resolutions passed at a very numerous meeting , held en Tuesday , the 8 th ult ., at the' Ring of Bells , ' Thomas-street ;— ' That we the nailmakers of Bristol , do express our warmest thanks to the Central Committee of the National Associaof United Trades , for their strenuous exertions in supporting us against an offered reduction of our wagea . Also to the district committee for their prompt and valuable assistance , and truly brother ]} co-operation during the same . ' ' That we the nailmakers of Bristol , resolve to continue our support to the National Association , believing as we do , that it is eminently Calculated to secure the rights , and protect the interests of the working classes . 'J hat

      having experienced a glorious instance of its effi . ciency and power in our behalf , we do most earnestly call upon our brother nailmakers in all parts of the country , to connect tnemselves with this great Association , as the only true and rational method of effectually preventiag any further encroachments upon our already scanty earnings . ' ' That the best thanks of the nailmakers are due , and hereby given , to Mr Humphries , for bis able and persevering exertions during the continuance of our strike to bring it to a successful issue , which has been completely accomplished without the slightest concession on our part . ' The above resolutions were carried with loud and repeated demonstrations of enthusiasm . Also a vote of thanks to T . S . Duncombe , Esq ., M . P ., the President of the Association .

      Merthyr Tydvil . — The nailors in this place who h ? . ve been out on strike have also gained a victory through the Association , and a severe lesson has been taught to one of the manufacturers who required his men to return to their work at the price ; but , unfortunately for him , he rould only get two , the others having obtained work = elsewhere . Bristol . —A numerous and enthusiastic meeting , convened by placard , was held in the Public Hall , on the 2 nd ult . Mr Coglan in the ch ? ir , who opened the business in a brief address , setting forth the objects of the meeting , after which he introduced Mr Humphries , a member of the Central Committed

      who was received with loud cheers . He commenced by showing the inadequacy of sectional and isolated societies to compete with the frauds of masters . He also showed the rise and progress of the Association , and the beneficial tendency of mediation over 4 he old and corrupt system . After an hour and a half discourse , MrH . sat down loudly Sheered . Mr John Butcher , tai ' or , moved , and Mr Marshall seconded : — ' That we , the working classes feel with alarm the many attempts made by capitalists to reduce the wages of their workmen , and believing that a reduction of wages tends to disorganise society , inasmuch as it limits the means of comfort , and creates a wide spread distress and

      alarm in the country ; we further believe that nothing less than a national co-operation of the working classes can grapple ^ ith the evils w hich existand are increasing in society . ' Proposed by Mr Hutching , brushmaker , seconded by Mr Harris ' . — 1 That this meeting is of opinion the National Association of United Trades is calculated to elevate the condition of the working : classes ; and , that we declare our intention of supporting the same to the best of our abilities , and to use our utmost exertions to impress on the minds of our fellow workmen , the necessity ef following our example . ' Carried unanimously . Mr H . has also attended meetings of the sail-cloth weavers , tbe curriers , and masons , which were well attended ,

      Oswaldtwistxe , — Mr Williamson attended here on Friday , the 4 th , and addressed a very large and numerous audience of weavers , who appeared entirely satisfied with tbe remarks offered by that gentleman . Manchester . —Mr Bobson reported that heattended two bodies of cardroom operatives ^ who had been offered a heavy reduction upon their , wages , but was happy to say it had been withdrawn by the employer . fisOn Friday , he attended the sp inners cf Atley Bridge .

      On Saturday , he attended the power-loom weavers at Rochdale , where it is lamented his services akouldhave been rendered useless by the inactivity of the non-members . WHmsHAv-Ejr . —The following favourable repcrt

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      Of the Association is taken from th « Whilehavm Herald :- ' On Mon day evening last , a lecture was delivered in the Odd Fellows' Room Duke-street , in this town , by Mr J . W . Parker of Mancherter , on the advantages to be derived by the operative portion of the community joining the Nationd Association of United Trades for the protection of Industry . ' The lecturer commenced by giving a clear and well-defined description of tbe Association , which is , in fact , what it purports to DB- _ Att Association for the Protection of Industry . ' This institution , extensive through its ramifications , is based upon principles altogether different from those of the old trade societies , and is every way

      calculated to be more efficient in use , but more enduring in its service . Instead of promoting strikes , orencouraging turns out , this association discountenances both , and never allows the operatives to adopt either , except as a last alternative , and then it allows the men sufficient subsistence for ihemselvra and families until they either return back to their masters upon the terms contended for , or are set to work by the Association , which has operatives of all kinds at work ,-and from whose labour the institution not only receives- a considerable acquisition to its funds , but is also enabled to pay the men the

      wages , which , in several instances , were refused by the masters . Thus labour is protected and in . dustry rewarded by the enjoyment of its fruits . la order that our readers may form some idea of tne extent of this gigantic Association , we may state , oa Mr Parker's authority , that the Association numbers no fewer than 50 , 000 members who contribute weekly towards the funds , at the rate of twopence per pound upon their earnings . The lecturer mentioned many gratifying instances of the Association ' s usefulness . " Mr Parker , thongh he professes to be altogether a self-educated man , is a clever lecturer ; his details ave clear and concise : the incidents and

      anecdotes with which he enlivened the | lecture were well told , and produced a considerable effect upon the audience , which was a numerous one , and his language was both fluent and appropriate . In short , the lecture was a rich intellectual treat , and not an individual left the room who v * as not highly gratified by being present . ' On Tuesday evening , Mr Parker attended a meeting of the operative tailors , at the Ship Inn , Marlborough-street a resolution to join the Associatioa forthwith was unanimously carried .

      On Wednesday evening , MrParkerattendeda meeting of the ship carpenters , called specially to hear an explanation of tbe principles of the Association . After an address of nearly two hours length , a resolution wasunanimously carried to form part of the Association . Their numbers are 220 . There is a verypleasing feature in the proceedings of this compact body—namely , they rent aschoul-roora , to hold their meetings in , and for the mutual iBStruction of their members . On Thursday . Mr Parker met a large

      body of sailors on the Bulwark ; who , to the uumber of one hundred , are anxious to form a society in connexion with the Association . They were to meet the ship carpenters on Friday evening , for the purpose of making the necessary arrangements . Deputations from hand-loom weavers , ship joiners , shoemakers , $ * c , waited upon Mr Parker for the purposes of information . Altogether the visit has been very successful , and a desire for union created , which will not be easily dispelled .

      On Monday , February 7 , a large meeting was held in the ship carpenters' room . Great disappointment Was felt by numbers Who were not enabled to gam admittance , in consequence of the crowded state of the room . Mr H . Hancock was called to the chair , who , in a lengthened address , entered into explanation of the principles of the Association . His address was loudly cheered throughout . Carried— ' That the sailors of tliis port form a part of the National Association . ' ' That Mr Hancock be appointed secretary on their behalf . '

      A meeting of the boot and shoe binders of London was held at the Union beershop , 17 , Goswell-road , on Wednesday , Feb . 9 , when the fellowing resolution was passed : — ' That having heard the principles of the National Association explained , we are resolved to form a section of the same , and pledge ourselves to use our utmost exertions to induce out fellow workwomen , to join the Association . ' A vote of thanks was then proposed to the chairman , whea the meeting separated to meet on next Wednesday evening , at the above house , at seven o ' clock .

      Wmtbhavkn . — In consequence of Mr J . W . Parker having been ciilled to the above town on matters affecting the operative tailors , he tcok the opportunity of delivering a lecture on the principles and , objects of the National Association of United Trades , on Monday evening , January 3 l 6 t , in the Meolianicsroom ; the room was filled by the tradea and otters . At the conclusion of the lecture , a resolution , approving of the Association , was carried lunanimously , likewise votes of thanks to tbe lecturer and

      chairman . Abkbdbbjt . —A general meetiDg of the ' Scottish Iron Moulders' Union' was held in Sutherland Ilall , Castle-street , on the 19 th ult ., to receive a deputation from the district committee in connexion with . the' National Association of United Trades . ' The chairman britfty introduced tho deputation , Messrs Shirren and Lindly , who explained at cons derabj 6-length the nature and objects of association , proving that several' advantages existed from the combined efforts of all over tbe isolated exertions of local bodies . At the conclusion several questions were asked and satisfactorily answered . A resolution was passed , ' That a special general meeting should ba convened on an oarly day , to discuss the preprietyof joining immediately . ' A vote of thanka was passed to the deputation , &c .

      NOTICE . The trades bodies in connexion with the Association , are particularly requested to attend to law 24 , page 8 , by which they will scethat it is abaolutelf enjoined that the levies must be collected by the local officers of each body , and by them forwarded to the Central Committee . This notice becomes necessary , in consequence of several bodies having been in the habit of forwarding their levies to the district committee , which is directly opposed to the law abova alluded to .

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      Leadership of thb ' Counirt Party . '—A meeting of the country party , at wh ch upwards of 100 members were present , took place on Monday at Lord Stanley ' s . His lordship , referring in the most flattering manner to the past exertions of Lord George Bentinck , notified to the meeting , the resignation of thit nobleman as leader of the country party in the House of Cosatnons . His lordship , ad-Verting to this fact , stated that Lord George Bentinck , differing as he did from so larne a proportion of his party on such vital questions as those which had recently occupied parliament—viz , the questions of removing Jewish disabilities and of making still further concessions to the Roman Catholics , felt that the efficiency of the jarty would be materially increased by his retiremenc . Lord G . Bentinck , however , had promised to give his most active and vigorous support to tbe future leader of the

      party in the House of Commons , whoever might be appointed to the poat . The announcement was received with expressions of gratitude to Lord Gecrge Be , ntiBck for his devoted service in the cause ot protection , and tne ' meetinj : adjonrned until Wednesday next , at eleven o'clock , in order then to ele-t Lord G . Bentinck ' s successor , We have every reason _ to believe that there tuU be a unanimous disposition to appoint the Marquis of Granby , than wnom a more high-spirited , patriotic , able ^ and right-principled young nobleman does notexi 3 t . Tbe indica tions he has already « iven of his aptitude for business , of striot integrity of purpose , and of his firm adherence to the Christian asd Protestant principles by which his party are distinguished , are auguries of a future success to which we are sure the public will look forward with the same satisfaction and confidence as ourselves . —MoRNH ^ G HERALD .

      Tiie Mysterious Deaths of ah Aosd Cowle m Ratcliffb . —On Tuesday afternoon tbe inquiry was resumed for the fourth time , and concluded , respecting the deaths of Mr Andrew Wi'ham , nn engineer , aged sixty-eight years , and his wife Hannah , aged fi . 'ty-eight years , who died within afew hours oi e . ich otln-r , under circumstances which rreated groat suspicion that they died from the effects of poison . Mrs Witham died on Sunday , the' 23 rd ult ., » r . d her husband on the following Tuesday rooming . A pott mortem examination of the bodies was made and the oontentsof the stomach were forwarded to DrLetUefiv , ecturer on chemistry at the London Hospital . Dr Lotheby detcftted a dull narcotic odcur , which was strongly identical with that from hemleck , but ne could not pesitively affirm that their deaths were caused by poison . The evidence waa Bimilar to that adduced at the former inquiries , the medical wideaw not orovine that death was caused by poison . The

      jury returned the following special venue— *« .. tKeSed died , but f / o m what , «** j cau ^ no satisfactory evidence hath appeared b . for ^ tgB said VSffigSSSSk poison called h , einlocj , MID ) fc dimbibed , nto the ft » ft ^ 7 rt i opinion that the mute "SS ^ an tf where duty , as boots ia perpetually calling you disagreeably early m the "" Envy and injustice I can bear , but treaehery stab ma to the heart . —i > uluw .

      Co £Uateg ^Comsyonlieit Te

      Co £ Uateg ^ Comsyonlieit te

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      ¦ r i-ui . nj-u-ij- nn _ n _ njTj-j-j- . ri _^ J ^^ u--mi t-jir nj * JVfx » n . r m ~* BflCEIPTS OS * TEE N& . Y 1 ON&S , X * A . NZ COKEPANV . FOR THE WEEK ENDING PEBRUABY 10 , 1818 . \ PEB MB O'CONNOR . fSABzs . , £ b , d . AbergarenDj ~ 5 0 0 Hbttingham , Dudley . 19 6 o Sweet .. 12 17 , 0 Perth M 4 3 6 Redmarley M 0 10 0 Thornley .. 8 8 6 Kidderminster .. 1 Is 0 Blair Gowrie . 0 s 6 Lambeta „ 15 7 WiadyNook „ 1 0 0 Glasgow „ 2 ] 8 f Ovenden M 2 0 0 Newcastle 5 116 $ Gasstown » 0 14 2 Northampton , Thrislington .. 3 15 0 Press .. 1 16 0 Sfarylebone M 4 12 0 Preston , Brown 19 0 0 Westminster .. 0 17 6 Middleeborough 4 11 10 Aberdeen „ l 16 8 Bolton .. 2 0 0 Manchester .. 17 19 0 Whittington and Llanelly « 2 6 0 Cat 716 fi Mansfield , Walker 18 6 Brighton , 2 , Brown 6 0 S Buckley , near Cripplegate .. 110 Mold - 0 4 6 Finsbury .. 0 15 C Barostaple .. 2 12 0 Gainsborough .. 3 3 0 Hyde ¦ . 10 0 O Abergavenny .. 5 e 0 Shrewsbury . Batho 0 17 6 -Wolverhampton 14 0 0 Wjgan , Canning 36 14 1 Malton „ 14 18 6 Southampton 3 0 0 Eettering .. 6 1 G Duckinfield M 3 3 6 Stockton M 4 10 . 0 Hammersmith . ! 0 8 6 Bridgewater , Boulogne « 5 14 3 Spurnay .. 3 15 4 Rochdale M 1 10 6 Bridport n 0 5 6 Markhinch .. 2 O a Asbtoti-uniler-Bury M 17 011 Lyne M 5 3 8 Weolwich , Lang- '¦ Exeter M 5 0 0 ham » 1 10 0 Wakefield M 9 15 0 Birmingham , Iincola , Budd M 2 0 0 Snip m 4 19 6 Rotherham M 5 6 0 KewKadford » 7 2 6 Penrith „ 14 6 Oxford .. 119 6 Reading .. 410 9 Oldliam .. 2 4 0 JasDaly H 0 2 6 Birmingham , Good- JasSawers .. 0 5 0 win „ 3 0 0 Jas Peebles .. 0 5 0 Keighly „ " 6 13 1 - "William Callan .. 0 2 6 Leamington u 15 8 0 Jno Htffeman ¦¦ 0 16 Hull .. 9 9 . 9 Rachael Salmon 010 Ipswich .. 18 10 . 2 Geo Scantlebniy 0 4 0 Banbury M 5 16 Thos French .. 0 10 0 Liverpool .. 3 8 3 Jno Leicester -. 0 2 0 Winchester ~ 119 0 Foster Gordon » 1 10 0 Bristol .. 2 0 0 GeoAllinson .. 0 2 0 Plymouth .. 9 7 6 EdwdEiley » 0 4 0 Norwich , Clark * 3 6 O Wm Borrett .. 0 6 0 Herthyr , Powell 1 12 0 Geo Martyn .. 0 4 0 Derby . 5 ll 6 Isaac Barker .. 0 16 North Shields .. - 4 10 0 Hy Ashton « 8 2 C Worcester ,. 4 14 6 Thos Thompson 0 1 6 Howsell - 2 12 0 William Peirce , Leicester , Astill 12 0 0 junr « 0 3 0 Warwick .. 1 10 7 Jas H Thomas- 6 5 0 Mottram ., 918 0 Win Crowe .. 0 3 0 Loughborougb ... 6 6 0 Robt Crowe 0 2 0 Great Dawley .. 4 15 0 Wm Thatcher - ' 0 1 0 Newent .. 2 9 0 Jno WTiite .. 0 2 6 Bradford , York 10 0 0 Geo Cooper .. 0 4 8 St Helens .. 5 0 0 GeoBishop - 0 10 Aeerington ~ 9 12 0 Michael Turner 0 10 < Northampton , Rebecca Hawkins 0 10 0 Munday .. 20 0 0 WmHUton .. 0 2 6 Norwich , Spring- Wm Watts .. 10 0 all .. 2 0 0 Wm Fox „ 0 10 0 Torquay " m 2 2 0 Thos Bendell .. 6 8 0 Norwich , Nelson 5 0 0 AlexOgilvio « 0 10 0 Hamilton .. 2 0 0 David Ogilvia „ 10 0 Sowerby Helm .. 5 o 0 J A Smith M e 1 0 Inverkeithing .. 5 0 0 Jno Bell .. 0 5 8 High Wjcombe .. 5 4 0 Bobt Jones » 10 0 eeeEunglilset .. © 20 O Michael Munay-. 0 5 0 £ 499 13 4 }

      EXPENSE FUND . Somers Town „ 0 3 0 North Shield ~ 0 18 Thornley - 0 6 6 Worcester » I 8 o Newton Abbott- 7 0 0 Howsell .. 0 10 0 Blair Gowrie ~ 0 2 11 Leicester , Astill 3 0 0 Windy Nook M Oil 6 Warwick « 0 7 0 Ovenden M 0 16 0 Mottram » 0 2 0 Gasstown „ 0 19 0 Great Dawley .. . . 0 5 0 Marylebone n 018 0 Newent M 0 ll 6 Aberdeen .. 0 2 0 Aeerington 9 8 0 Manchester „ 1 19 10 Torquay « 0 17 0 Mansfield , High Wycombe .. » 10 . 6 Walker .. 0 15 0 Glasgow „ , 8 3 8 Buckliy , near Newcastle .. * 5 5 £ Hold . i 0 2 0 Miduleborough .. 0 7 6 Barnstaple - 1 0 0 Whittington and Southampton - 1 17 8 Cat .. 0 2 0 Boulogne .. 014 6 Brighton , 2 , Rochdale M 0 13 9 Brown M 2 7 4 Bury - 8 14 0 Cripplegate .. 0 5 0 Birmingham , Finsbury - 0 5 o Ship M 0 S 6 Gainsborough n 0 2 0 NewEadford „ 0 11 6 AbergaTenny - 0 10 0 Oxford M 0 11 6 Wolrerhampton Oil 0 Oldham .. 0 4 0 Malton .. 0 18 0 Birmingham , Good- Kettering „ 0 4 0 win .. ISO Bridgewater , Keighley ,. 0 14 6 Spurway r . 0 10 Leamington .. 0 6 0 Wakefield .. 0 7 » Hull ~ M 16 3 Penrith .. 0 4 0 Ipswich „ 1 10 2 Jas WUshire .. 0 8 0 Banbury . < 1 17 6 Geo Smith ~ 0 2 0 Liverpool .. 14 6 J Bichardson .. 0 2 0 Winchester .. 011 0 Robt Natbrown 0 2 0 Plymouth M 3 4 6 Jas Jackson n 0 16 Merthyr , Powel 0 8 0 Wm Callan ~ ° I ° Derby n 0 6 6 Samuel Milner - 0 2 0 Chas Woodward 0 2 0 £ 58 HOj

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      Total Land Fond ... ... £ 499 18 4 § Expense Fend ... ... 58 1 10 J Rules > " ¦ ... 5 6 10 ¦ ~ . - ¦ £ 563 7 1 Bank 623 9 6 JSl , 18 gJ 8 _ 7 Wh . Dzxon . C&KIBTOrHES DoItB , Thos . Class , ( Corras . Sec . ) Pbiup J 4 'GKATH , ( Fin . Sec . ) From Honey Clab of Newton Heath Branch of National Land Company , ¦ .. ¦¦ 15 0 8 From Manchester .. „ .. ~ 7119 0

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      ^ . ,, _ ley Bridge „ 0 10 Milton „ 0 8 u i T Smith , ditto .. 0 10 Middleton .. 0 2 6 J lemperl y , do ,. 0 10 Torquay , per J G Coot , do „ 0 10 Pitts .. 0 8 0 " £ , V eedea , do - 0 1 0 J S H , late of i C Mossley , do .. 0 10 Knightsbridge 0 10 J Campbell , do „ 0 10 J Bedford , Emely 0 3 8 ! E Spencer .. 0 0 6 Stoke-sub-Hamp . , JCharlton 0 0 6 den .. 060 t Few Friends , Britannia Bridge 0 7 8 Cheivhens .. 9 13 Few Woolcombers , I Three Land Mem . Aberdeen .. 0 10 . bers , Ludiogton 0 1 6 D Lind , do .. o 6 6 i Thomas Meads , Dorking ., 080 Thornton .. 0 5 0 J Beswick , Old-3 A Friend , do .. 0 10 ham .. 0 16 p J Cameron , Devon- Silsden .. o 7 o - port „ 0 2 0 Sleaford .. 0 7 0 G B Horsforth .. 0 1 0 St Helens .. 0 7 ? f JJVBrien , Exeter 8 2 6 Bury StEdmunds 0 10 0 | i / B 7 ? feJL » 0 16 St Helens , J Bell 0 16 PWW ? B 5 ?* w 0 0 6 Hign- ^ Se ombB 9 8 0 t' 'J WJghftnan ;'" iJ 2 ^»» 4 1 0 Newo ' nt ' .. 0 5 0 i Mr-Kenvic £ : ¦* ¦ , > " * ' O ^ fkO J Kelleck .. 0 1 J , Wdrsborough-Com- ! . - . *' . <^^ , Mr Bacon •• 0 0 o I . mon - . , . i ^ V ^ ff'K'Sf ^ j ermondsey , Char-, A Ogjlyie v < i' .. 0 0 6- JJsts .. 0 10 0 ; D . 0 § ilvio \ ' .. 0 . 0 6 IslingtwfandPen-; D Pebbles » 0 . 0 6 tonvilk' per J , D Eddio i . .. 0 10 raAUnutt \ .. 0 G 3 i WVYouII'S - ' 0 ^ 0 City and Ffhsbnry 0 8 6 . W-M , Manchester , o >' -3 ' o Democrats ! of t T . E , do . . .. i 0 1 0 Dysait .. 0 8 3 > Little Heaton , per Democrats of St : Grocott .. ; 0 4 0 Clairstowu .. 0 2 6 j E Stallwood , Ham- D B Little Lever 0 3 11 l . -mersmith .. 0 0 6 Whittington and i E Stallwood , jun , do 0 o 8 cat 0 7 . 4 i JPStaJl ^ -oiid ^ do- 0 0 6 FfiwTailors , Finch- ' . \ f W Stallwood ; do 0 0 6 . lane ; . 0 1 -. 5 l Hy Stallwood , do 0 0 3 Nuneaton , Land > t II Stallwooa , do 0 0 6 ' Company .. ' 0 14 ft i B Oliver , do ; . 0 0 6 ' Few Friends of the ;' \ E Whitirig , do .. 0 0 3 land Company , ' s : \ ¥ Whiting , do .. 0 0 8 per Mr Goody 0 .. 8 5 . G Goo . iacre , do 0 , 0 3 J Fox , Manches- \ ' t GG * odacro , jun , do 0 0 3 ter .. 0 1 J ) . t W Change , do .. 0 0 3 J Fox , do M 0 H t GSlellwood , do 0 0 3 T Fox , do .. 0 Q . 6 s J Simmons , do .. 0 0 3 J Fox , do .. 0 6 C I S Belcher , do .. 0 0 3 T Gardiner , do .. 0 I ' -. O JFox do ... 0 0 3 RMonser . do .. 0 2 6

      > W Hart . .. 0 1 0 J Cricknell , do .. 8 0 R Wood .. 0 0 6 W Reynolds , do 0 0 , T Woolridga .. 0 0 6 C Ostler , do .. 0 9 R F Bullingham 0 10 0 A Friend , dt > .. 0 ' 2 Hopkins and Ba- A Friend , do .. 0 1 thur 3 t u 0 1 0 A Adcock , do .. 0 0 G Bishop . .. 0 0 2 A Friend , do .. 0 1 RFox .. „ 6 1 . 0 Mrs Wright , do 0 . 1 CPox .. 0 0 8 S Hill , do .. 0 1 i Friend of O'O , W Gay , do .. 0 0 , South Church 0 10 C West " M 0 2 i Stoekton-on-Tees , Mr'Ford .. 0 0 i Weavers - 8 15 4 Few Friends , Stoney Stratford 013 2 ^' shoTer . .. 0 3 ; J Belstead , Strat- Sandback , per xl . ford ' .. 0 2 6 ^ Stringer .. 0 7 1 , R Cameron 02 0 J Stuart , Alloa .. 0 1 I Five approving ¦ ' Mr Charman , ' i friends ... 0 5 Q Kensington ! 0 0 : R Upton , Holy Well ' . Mr Wright , do 0 0 < Lane ... ' "P I 0 Mr Perry , do ... 0 0 I ' , MraEUpton , do 0 " 9 ' 6 MrLesslagham , do 0 1 i I J , Cawley , | do 0 0 6 MrLovet * . do 0 1 j i J Evan * , da 0 0 6 Mr Arnold , do 0 0 i ' Three friends , do 0 0 8 Mr Cook , do ... 0 0 " i 1 B Gibsoa , Bristol 0 2 0 Mr Prescott , do . 0 ¦ ' » I I Littleboroagh Mr Cook , do ... f i ^ 'O ' \ friends .:. 0 2 0 Mr Frith , do . 7 ?" "/>' 0 0 ! Few of Mr O'Con . Mr Cousins , do 0 0 ' nor ' s admirers , MrWilHss , do 0 0 ' Wsntworth 0 S 6 C Hajwood , J Hemmengtvey Marcel ... 0 1 and J Hignell 0 1 3 T Wilkin ? , do 0 1 ' ' Three nail makers , SBindy , do ... 0 1 Newcastle 0 1 6 W Sasford , do 0 1 Hepstonstall 01310 J R Brown , do ... 0 1 R Collinga , Dublin 6 5 0 J Dew , do ... Oil J Perkln 9 , do ' 0 5 0 W Cetba , do 0 0 ' J Penny and J Ve- ' T . Phillips , do 0 0 . nlstona ... •¦••»> 1 0 W Forley , do 0 0 i Chartist and Land - C Symons , do 0 0 Jtembere , Brad . R Whittaker , do 0 0 i ford ... 0 19 1 W Forty , do ... 0 0 Bowling Dye House Friend , do ... 0 0 do ... 0 15 3 G A 0 0 Bai » j , Hill ... 0 5 . 8 Stalybrldge ... 0 4 J Manners , Sreat W Hunt , Man-Few ... 0 10 Chester ... 0 1 i T Box , do ... 0 1 0 S Jury , Sheffield 0 0 EBor , do ... 0 0 6 FJoynes ... 0 0 J Bos , do ... 0 0 6 MrR 0 2 J G Beulding , do 0 1 0 Westminster 9 3 i J Wren , do ... 0 1 0 r BenfieldTrede-JWartrup . do 0 1 0 gar ... 0 3 1 W White , do 9 10 G Cook , Lambelh 0 1 | J Harlett ... 0 0 6 Richmond ( York ) ! W Smith ... 0 10 Land Company 0 6 i R Douglass ,.. 0 2 0 C Sf grave , Ipswich 0 1 ! J Smith .. 0 3 0 Few friends , TulU-• T JenniBon , Both- body ... 0 7 1 well ... 0 S O Alva ... ^ 8 i I Blair Gowrie 0 6 8 Welton Land Com-Foit of Mr O'Con . nanv ... 0 10 i

      nor ' t admirers , BrTdgwater Land Vauxhall , per CompaDy . perJ M'Carthy ... 0 3 0 Aston ... O 17 i M Surbltl , Coven . Two friends , Egertry ... 010 tonnearBolton 0 1 I E B Marlin , Brain . Thrisliogton 0 4 I trso ... 0 5 0 Mr Lester ... Oil EJ Martin , do JO 1 O J Mont , Manchester O 1 I J S Martin do 0 1 0 T . Howe , Aberga-HenryDowneaCo 0 2 0 venny ... 0 0 i A Barker , Bibnell 0 10 J Lloyd , do ... 0 0 I W J P Wilkin- W Williams , do 0 1 I son , Esq ., T Hay , Coxboe O 2 { Exeter ... 0 5 0 Land Members , J Wilkinson , do 0 2 6 Ashton ... 0 7 ! R C Wilkinson , do 0 2 6 J Child , Fajley 0 1 I JWAHamill . do 0 2 6 Few Chartists , T Carliole , do 0 16 Berrowash 0 3 < Two Land mem- Two Laad mem . bers , do ... 0 2 0 bera Manchea-, B / t ; arlisle , do 0 10 ter ... 0 0 ( Mr , Webber , do 0 10 Mr Brown , Ken-J Allen , collected ainijton ... 0 0 ! do ... ... 0 10 WWilkenden 6 5 ( J Allen , ( self ) do 6 0 6 JW Peirce 6 0 < MrB Wilkinson do 0 1 0 J RoBBer .. o 1 ( J Rows do 0 0 6 W Penee ... 0 0 ! E ^ Banfiald do 0 0 G J Jaekson , Barns-J Lear do 0 0 6 ley ... 0 1 ( TGUUrd do 0 0 6 JM ... 0 o f R Bcedal do 0 0 6

      £ 89 7 8 J RECEIPTS OF NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOeiATloT Somers Town .. 0 a 0 Exeter ,. 0 ll 2 Castle ward lo- Tirertoa .. 0 4 6 cality , Notting- W & J R Betts 0 2 6 ham .. 0 5 0 Holme ' s Mill , Torquay - 0 13 2 Land Company 0 5 0 Teignmoutb . « 013 2 Somers Town .. » s 0 Barestaple « 0 9 0 Lambeth « 0 3 0 yezjl 6 \ i ! \ I > 1 !

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      Pubitt of Election !—A public meeting of the inhabitants of Manchester , will be held in the City Music Hall , ( late Hall of Science , ) Camp Field , on Monday etening , Feb . 14 th , to deviee tfep bestraeani of supporting Feargus O'Connor Esq ., in defending his seat in Parliament for the borough of Nottingham . The following friends of popular rights will address the meeting : —W . P . RobsrtB , Esq ., Mr S . Kjdd , late candidate for Greenwich ; Mr James Leacbi Key . JamesScholefield , town-councillor ; and otber gentlemen . Men of Manchester , an attempt is now making by a contemptible faction to deprive your illustrious chieftain , Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., of the power he new possesses in the British Legislature , as an advocate of the rights of the toiling millions of Great Britain and Ireland . Friends of Chartism , shall it be said that you remain passive and indifferent to your best interests , by allowing this uDJKst project to succeed , or otherwise compellidg the man nho has sacrified so much for you , to resist the nefarious design at his own axpenso . No ! a thousand times , No ! Then rush to the rescue , attend in your thousands ; contribute according toyou ? abiliiy , and let your cry be : ' The Lanoo and the People ' s Charter as the Barest guaarntee for its preservation . ' —N . B . —Doors open at six o ' clock in the evening . Chair to be taken at seven o'clock precisely . W . P . Roberto , Esq ., will address a meeting in the People ' s Institute , Heyrod-street , Manchester , on Sunday evening next . Chair to be taken at six o'clock . BKEMOND 3 ET . —The members of this locality of the National Charter Association , Trill meet on Tuesday "fS Jo mbb is expected to lecture at the Town Hall , Woolwich , on Thursday next , rfta mat . Subiaet : — 'Civil and Religious Liberty . ' , Mb Samoel Ktdd will lecture at the following places during the ensuing week :-Leeds , Sunday , 13 th ; Bradford , Monday 14 th ; Halifax , Tuesday 15 th ; Huddersfield , Wednesday , 16 th ; Dews , bury , Thursday , 17 ih ; and Wakefield , Friday , istli . The local secretaries are reguested to make the necessary arraBgemeata immediately .

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      Erbatom . —Shoraditch was . ' . in lastweek ' s account , eredited Ts . 6 d . instead of 4 s . 6 d . Thomas Clare . ^

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      $ ••» rROSECBTIOH . « P StlAPOBD UDBDRB CABS . Wisooach . per W " 'Wootton . under . Darwood .. 0 1 0 Edge .. 0 2 8 0 3 6 C . DoilE , Secretary . I

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      FOE IHB PB 0 SECUH 6 X OP THE PB 0 PBIEI 0 BS OP THB MANCHESTER EXAMINER . Few Chartists , Kocbdale Char-. Wootton-under- tists .. l o 0 Edge » 0 2 6 South London Wbittington and Chartist Hall , Cat .. 0 19 2 nd Subscrip . tion M 0 6 3 £ 1 10 6 , i . i

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      DIFBNCE OV US , o ' cOMNOB'S SIAT IV PASMAKEKT . Swindon . first A Greenock Elec-Subscription „ 3 IS 6 tor . .. 0 0 6 Kidderminster , Warwick , per Mr per Holloway 3 5 0 Donaldson ~ 0 11 S Henry Shaw , Dundea , per Mr Birmingham .. 5 0 0 Douglass - 0 3 0 Ellund , per D J Darwood , Wis-Marsdea - 2 0 0 beaeh .. 0 4 0 Heckmondwike , Inverkeathing Land per H Summer- Company ~ 0 8 6 skill and J Hat- Central Rossendale field _ 2 0 0 Land Company 6 14 0 Sutton-in-Ashfield 2 3 9 Clayton West , Land HeMen Bridge .. 2 6 ll Company .. 012 6 Manchester „ 1 9 11 A Foulds .. 0 2 6 Banbnry „ 1 8 7 Few Friends , near Chartists and Leeds , per E Members of the Menu - 0 10 6 Lafid Company , 'WithaiD , laud Bridlington Quay 119 Company .. 0 6 0 Xorwich , per Friend to Fair Springhalt .. 18 7 Play .. 0 2 6 Land Company , " R Lacey , Wootton-Darlington M 1 10 O nnder-Edge .. 0 5 0 Sunderland , psr Few Chartists , do 0 5 0 Haynes .. 10 0 Shoreditch .. 0 10 Leamington .. I 0 0 & Turner , Wed-Barnsley , Lotto 5 0 0 mere .. 0 3 3 J Worcester .. 1 0 0 Loughborough , Plymoutb , EoEer * 2 0 0 Land Members 0 15 0 Flathead , Rip- Congleton , Land poadale .. 2 0 0 Members .. 0 10 9 Democrats , Kirk- W Booth , CongledMt „ 15 4 ton » ooo Bolt on , per Pick- B Walker . d » ~ 0 0 6 vanes - 216 1 F Richardson . 0 1 o Newark ,. l <» 0 Button , Forest Land Company , Side .. 0 0 3 Gt BringtoB , LandUembere , nerBP .. 16 6 Gotham .. 0 6 7 jJgl lJLlTnnA . Wellii . borough 0 9 0 Alva l « ° GrBngs - o l 8 ChartiBt and Land Jno Cloud , Monmpmhers Tiver- mouth .. o iu u Z „ 1 13 6 Mansfield , Wood-HFandHC « 1 2 1 house , Land Todmorden , Stans- Members « O 3 o field .. 10 0 ErifEd .. 020 TBaynard .. 0 0 8 Cleckheaton , per J Dawley Char- Swallow and J tists .. 0 4 9 Ashfield « 0 12 0 CPressley .. 0 16 Mill Bridge , per J Rojstou , per Bar- Shepbard •¦ 0 e o row « 0 10 0 Lake Lock , Pew J Kelly - 0 19 Friends .. 0 11 6 R Renswickj Shott Barford n 9 5 ll i

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      ' """• """"" "" - <« Bftuiuiiiini m . u ...- ¦ LE'l"fERS ADDRESSED TO THE WORKINIj MEN OF ENGLAND , IN TRADE UNIONS ASSOCIATED , ON THE NECESSITY OF A

      ¦ nr t-n LbttbB V . ¦> we still cry strike , ' and tho enthusiasm is echoed through our ranks Jiko the sound of a talisman . tjtriKe—and for what ? To sustain ourselvesagainBt the weight of competitive labour , struggling for life —capital— machinery—social chicane , and political monopoly ; m which we resemble a man under the influence of strong drink ; whe imagines himself a Hercules m physical strength , and in the attempt tn exeroiae it with the shadow of his frenzied creation falls by the weight of his own effort . Fellow countrymen !—You will no doubt remember that I ( old you in my first letter that 1 should have to touch some of your 'long cherished prejudices , ' as we progressed in the investigation of our subject , and nothing but the conviction of the omnipotent power of truth , could have ever forced me into the position which I have for years taken in relation to the economy of trade onions ; for I have been treated as an alien by nay * brother unionists of my own trade , as an enemy of my order , whose object was to destroy ' union , ' instead of strengthening and increasing it , inerely-for doing to them what I am now about to do to ; . you-viz . enforce by reason , in the language of moral daring , such truths as shall bid dehance to contradiction , and which I believe must be received ; and incorporated as constituent elements in tho compound of union , ' before the emancipation of labour can be accomplished . In ths same strong and emphatic language , then , which

      1 used to my own trade , in public meeting assembled , in the year 1845 , I now use to you , The policy by wtiich we seek to conserve our best interests , is false in itself , destructive in its application , and powerless as a means tp the end sought to be obtained . It exists as a living evidence of folly , and 1 swear never to reBt until I have exterminated tha error , root and branch . ' &n& to this object haHjuiy every thought been directed—not for the purpose of destroying trade unions , which , by the policy so long pursued , haa nearly destroyed them ~ and , in fact , has completely annihilated many bodies of men who vrere once firhily united in the bonds of brotherhood ,, having a , coiimoH object in view . Others are , fast passing away * every year showing a decrease in numbers , and every attempt to resist even a reduction in the scanty return allowed us by our masters , proving an incapacity on our partB , by the raeuns employed , ul checking the downward progress now goisg on . There iaan old classic adage , which I think is applicable to us as unionists , and here it is : ' Whom the godB wish to deati-oy they first infatuate . ' And what but infatuation can cause us to cling to a policy which cannot possibly enable us to effect the object at which we aim ? It now , then , my brothers . becomes'fliy business to show you wherein our policy is falstfin itself , destructive in its application , and powerless as a means to tho end bought to be obtained . ' And here let , me ask a plain question-For what object were trade unions first originated ? Was it not for tbe purpose of doing , by combined means , that which could not be done individually ? The answer is obvious . We . found ourselves individually weak , incapable of resisting the powerof tho capitalist , whose interest it was , and is , and must be , to get all that he can out ut ' our labour , so long a 9 _ we delegate the power to him , by suffering him to do individually , that which we should do collectively . We , therefore , combined our power into one mass , and brought it to bear upon him whenever he attempted an infringement upon our means of existence . ' Well , ' say you , ' and do you call that policy false in itself ? ' I answer 'Yea ! and dare to tell you that , even supposing it possible that you couid at all times obtain what vfe talk so much about , ' a fair daj ' a waee fer a lair dav ' a work . ' utill An we ao .

      knowledge ourselves slaves' by the very dependence In which we stand in relation to Capital . What do we mean by a fair day ' s wage V Go , ask tho mea composing the rarioua unions in this country the question , and jou wil ] find it impossible to be answered with satisfaction . Ask our masters , or the political economists , who talk and write about the rights and freedom of labour , what ' a fair day ' s wage for a fair day's work'is , and they will tell you all that the market will afford , and upon this they build their system , and , if we are contented to acknowledge it—if we do not take higher ground than this we shall be driven out of life when our labour is no longer needed , as hundred * of thousands of our fellow men have been , and are even now » every day-But metbinks 1 hear some one say , ' What would you have us ceaEe to combine for the protection of our wages V to which I answer , No , hold fast to everything that can be made afailable for the object —increase your power by every possible means tbat you can , for you are surrounded by robbers—clasemade , legalised , very respectable robbers , who contrive to grow strong justln proportion as we become weak—men who talk smoothly of the rights of pro-Perty , but who are exceedingly eloquent upon the r ghts of Jabour : and , Buffer me to say , that instead of w sb . ing you to ceaso to combine for the purpote of selfprotection . jthat my objeot in writing is to enable you to do what , alas ! we only fancy we ean do by our pre sent policy . ' And what is that policy which we now employ , and why is it false in itself V I answer , 'Because there is no principle in ivand ) therefore , being only a policy , useful upon certain occasions , under certain local circumstances , but altogether inefficient of the force necessary to raise the working classes from their present degradation . ' And hero let us endeavour to distinguish clearly the difference between the principle and the policy of union . -Union tor mutual protection against the aggression of oppression is beautiful , grand , and ennobling in itself , and evinces a fraternity—a common sympathy with our kind that speaks a world of benefit to its members j but if the policy be insufficient for the accomplishment of the objects of the muted , then is it 'ialse in itself , ' because it is employed *¦ a means to an end—which means being inefficient in its applications , cannot possibly be made the -lover of redemption , and consequently being wrong , nothing that w « can do with it , or by it , can ever make it work wel .

      . We will now take a case for the purpose of illus-) trating the truth of our remarks . Supposing that 3 some large manufacturer , employing three or four hundred hands , were to give notice to his men that be should for the future pay twenty per cent , less for his work than he had been in the habit of doing ; this , supposing tha men had been receiving twenty shil ) ing 3 per week , would be a reduction of four shillings in their weekly wages . Now , the psints to consider are these : —First , the position of labour . The very offer of the employer is an evidence of two things , either that he has more goods on hand than he can dispose of , or tbat he knows if his men strike or turn out , that there are plenty of starring labourers ready to turn in and take their places . To apply a strike under such cii-cumotancei as a remedy would be most ab 3 urd ; for , it must be evident that the amount of support required for the three or four hundred turn-outs would entirely depend upon the demand , and , if the supply of labour exceeded the demand , or , in other words , if the turn-outs were not needed , why , there is nothing that we could do in our combined capacity to relieve them ; therefore you will see that if this policy be all that we can bring to bear for our protection against tho aggression' of capital , that it is powerless under the above circumstances ]; and if the demand for labour had been greater than tbe supply , or , in other words , if work had bees so plentiful that more men were needed to do it , why the turn-out would not have taken plac « . Now I shall show you , by-and-by , hew that we have expended millions of money in the vain endeavour to sustain ourselves by this policy ; the one halt of which , if it had been wisely directed , would have placed us in a position to command the means by which our lives could have been secured against those periodical starvations continually experienced by our order . But perhaps some of you are ready tc say , —wel l , but Wo haw dsne our best to protect ourselves , and moreover , you have taken extreme cases for your argument . How ao 1 let us hear ? Suppose , say you , that the supply and the demand for labour had been equal , in that case , should not a reduction have been resisted by a turnout ? I answer , you suppose what never has beea and never will be , so long as capital and labour retain their present positions ; having conflicting interests they will ever war for supremacy . And were it possible that labour could beat out capital , when it had done , so if the object of ihe victors was an equality in supply and demand , the very existence of the fact would be root

      p positive that tne antagonism oi capital and labour had ceased . ' Therefore , I say , tho policy is 1 false in itself , and destructive in its application , ' because it never can raise us to the standard of freemen , inasmuch as our accumulated strength is used for the purpose of doing wh : it it never can do , and we find ourselves weaker when oui accumulated capital ia expended , and thus are we tendered an easier prey after a turnout than we were before it took place . I ask you to look at the present terrible and appalling condition $ f labour , and tell mo if it ia not an evidence of the truth of ray remarks . I do not expect , however , to gain many converts just yet to my views , for I know the difficulty attendant upon the undertaking ; nevertheless , I am encouraged to hope that some few of ray order begin to see the ' necessity tor a chanfe , ' and that is all I want to do here , for if once your eyes are opened to the dfceovery of the truth , I hare no fear for its success . Bring , then , your reason to bear upon the Bubject—well weigh the evidence—for the hardest portion of our work win be the first shook . Let but the conviction once be established in our unions that we possess the power to accomplish our emancipation , and the liberty of the masses will be easily obtained , simply by the application of the means , which means are even now within our reach , waiting only the settled conviction of the trades , as the first step in the re-direction of a power equal to the desire of ¦ A Twesit Ysaks Uniohisi . February 1 st , 1848 . . [ PresB of matter comjelled ^ ua to tot tb « aboTe letter stand eyes until thisweeJr- ]

      Rational $S&Oriatfon Ot Im'teti Cratos,

      Rational $ s&oriatfon ot Im ' teti Cratos ,

      Untitled Article

      L _ . _ j ^^ . j ¦ - ¦ ' ™*^— ^^ waaai^—MBB ^ Ml ' ' " ' " * '" ¦ ' ¦ '" . ¦¦¦ ii » m ll . iij 111 J . HIHI 1111 ' ¦¦'— ¦ .. .. aaBnsaagaattEPg JEBSUABT 12 , 1848 , _______ THE NORTHERN g A R 5

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 12, 1848, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1457/page/5/