Current:

Northern Star (1837-1852), 23rd October 1847, Edition 1 of 3, Page 3, Untitled Article

Page 3
Page 3
3 of 8

On this page

  • Departments (2)
    • JUMflh
    • Itottrg* ,, , - IJoetm.
  • Text (18)
  • Transcript

    • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

      Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.

      Untitled Article

      tSgpBSBSK WHLCOHE TO P . CCOHKOB , M . E BX 1 OBE 1 T mSLAT . lUr . Daintglknk . ) Meet us onthe bridge ef Bee , O'Connor , brave O'Connor , We trill meet and welcome thee , Generous , brave O ' Connor . Oar hardy toot , into the north ShaUweloomotb . ee , thou man rf worth ; Bight gladly they'll that daj come forth , To meet and do thee honour . Meet us oa the bridge of See , 4 ce . Eight proud are we to tmdsntand , Tk » t Ernest Jones goes band in band , Along with thee to Old Scotland , Iheland of hills and heather , Meet as on the bridge of Dee , The Charter it shall foremost go , The Land Plan follow np the blow , That wOl lay tyranny how low , And thon shalt lead , O'Connor . Meet si on the bridge of Dee , And who the day ' s proceedings o ' er , The 'fbJtiaaf they in crowds shall poor , To spend an evening's h » pp £ hour , Along with brave O'Connor . Meet us on the bridge of See , Thine enemies may growl and trite , The vile JHspatA tell lies for spite , And Sommtrrille for . pelf may write , Bat none can thee dishonour ; Meet as oa the bridge of Dee . The Chartists here all toamaa Unfalteringly will b y thee itandj Whate ' er the vile press gang msyplan , Against our brave O'Connor . Meet w on ttie bridge ° * Dee . O'CoMor , brave O'Connor , We will meet and welcome thee , Geaerons , brave O'Connor .

      Jumflh

      JUMflh

      Untitled Article

      THE RIGHT OF THE ABISTOCRACYTO THE SOIL , CONSIDERED . By J oh * Noakbb . London : Effingham Wilson , Royal Exchange . We can heartily express our approval of this pamphlet , and oar wish that it taay be extensively circulated . 'John Koakes ' seta eat by laying down tiro postulates , that—Till one man can show a better right than uether to Bthing . it is equally the property of all . Stolen property continues to be stolen property as Ion * Hit remains in the possession of the thief , and no lapse of time , sale , or other disposal of it , can cancel the claim pi inm from whom it was stolen . Froa these'postulates , John Noakes draws the deduction that the soil cannot , bv the nriaeioles of

      natural justice , beheld as property by prfratepersoM , but beloags equally to alL After questioning the right of Francis Russell , commonly called Duke of Bedford , to the estates held by him , he proceeds to jeriew the original foundation of our territorial arisjocracj after the following manner : — We said that the rightof these men to the soil was the right of the sword , that it , the sword of the foreigner , ¦ ffjffiam ef Kormandy . That gentleman crossed over fiomHorm&ndy some years ago , viz . in 1065 , and with an army landed is Sussex : being opposed on his landing by long Harold , he foagat it out , and fighting overcame , and established himself in the monarchy . As he sueceedeij he was called king and his authority acknowledged ; had he faOsd , he would have expiated his sins

      Kith his blood as a foreign isvader : but he was victor , sad by that victory he assumed tight in the soil of EBg-Iiod and disposed of it at his pleasure , and the most valid sod unimpeachable tenure of land of the most noble and mr" * ** families Is ths £ Tthich i » grounded npim tsa gnntimade bf the taU William . Ho better title can posdbly be possessed , and but a very small proportion em show so good a one . How try this right , not by the eoubnents of any particular king or parliament , bat by ae principles of natural justice , and thea will i t stand liWOKsm ' g seixnreof the lands anything more than the robber ' s seizure of the traveller ' s money , when he has b » eked Ira on the head and overpoweredhim t Is might right ! In the court of reason will a claim , so grounded , stand ! Not for ft moment .

      Bat suppose a claim to be traced to an earlier date euU , and the land aot to have been seized by the power ofthesword , tatboughtandpsiifor ; what then , !* not fteposses&or ' s tenure valid inreason ! No ; for of whom mi it originally bought * Of the man that had appro prated that to which he could prove no right , and sold it Take for example William Fenn ' s purchase of land from the North American Indians ; William Fenn ' s descendants and representative ! cannot as individuals hold { rhste property in land in virtue of that purchase . Bectsse the North American Indians did not make the ground , it was not their property : they were bom on it , they hunted on it , they lived en it , but tiwy had no right to tell it outright , and thereby assume a property in it to fbeendoftime . They had ouly a life intsratinit , as enry man has in the soil of his country ; but'for an exfeting generation or family to sell the soil , is to sell what does sot belong to tbsm , andtorobthe coming generations of that property ia it , to which they for their lives tate as much right as their predecessors .

      'John Noakes' proceeds to argue that the only private property a raan can hare are his person and Ms labour . The ground belongs an much to one as another , and equally to alL 'John ' replies to the objection , 'that land being ttste and wilderness , unoccupied and unclaimed , or eren unknown , any one discovering it , and expending Ms labour , on it , to bring it into cultivation and frultfalness , does thereby acquire a better right than ay one else thereto , and that nobody being able to

      prove sojgood aright as he it is lawfully his . ' To this Join' answers' that vJhatis the fruit of ike nan ' slafew is hii own , bht nothing else : the increased fruitftlness of the soil being wrought by him is his , but the Boil itself not being the work of his hands , cannet by SBfsnch operation become Ms property . * After disposing of the abstract right of tbe community to i&e soil , ' John Noakes' answers the' inquiry , how isthe community to hold the land , and in what way ean it be possessed or cultivated , except as it is , private property ?

      The answer is simple . AH we contend for is , that the proceeds of the land should he public property , and fins need sot interfere with the possession of a single taunt only he pays his rent not to my Lord Dolce , but 6 l the National Exchequer , as the land-steward of the ittuor . Neither would we interfere with the possession of my Lord Duke during his lifetime ; we would have rapect unto vested interests , and would show some ten . derass even to an invalid possession , if obtained under &e forms of law : but at his jleath let the people resume fiieir property , and put a stop to that inequality and frightful disproportion which now obtains , of some few Qca . possessiBgvast territories , and gigantic revenues ; oenstiog their year ' s income by hundreds of thousands , * Me a luge proportion of the people can barely obtain

      femesna of subsistence ; and if this should in any case lad to too abrupt a transition in circumstances , alim-Itsd annuity or other *> latm » might be granted to the » at her . I am no leveller , except as levelling as justice £ lssi not the advocate of community of property , or of the abolition of gradations in society , for that is ineiitable . 'John Noakea * is not to be frightened by being told that his ideas are ' revolutionary ; ' England has Wore now been saved b y revolution , and the present generation owe a good deal , to past revolutionists . ' The people must seek redress for themselves ; if Jhey cmnot get it in law , they must get i t without «*• Dues this sound seditious ? Never mind the sound or the appearance , but judge righteous

      judgment . ' We pass over many good things which we should tike to quote including a notice of the rise of that Psrasite of old Harry ' s , Mr John Russell , the founoeroftheBedfordfamily . We must , however , quote ^ following for the benefit of the apathetic , the idle and the timid , who are everlastingly urging that « 'is not the time , ' as if it ; were ever too soon to denounce wrong , assert the right , and demand justice ^ o you ask is this discussion timely 1 So yon think

      tte land owners are too firmly seated eTer to be unt&ted ! or if ever , that the discussion is premature i I * K * cr , we make it timely by discussing it . It will aerer become timely by the mere lapse of time ; it must I * discussed and agitated , and discus * it when you may , it « ill bea stormy discussion . We don ' t suppose peo-& will hear their title to what they consider their own , questioned , without anger , and in many cases abase * 8 d imprecation . But it Is as timely now , as it Ib &fy of itself to be , and if it gets much agitated , yon ** U find , i t much more t imely in the course of a few

      jears . Thoagh differing with ' John Noakes' upon one or * "o points , we feel bound to repeat our earnest wish flat his pamphlet maybe widely read . The time Jill come when eight centuries of wrong and rob-^ m ust be compensated for by the acknowledgattnfof right and the work of restitution , and John 5 ** eV timely production will , we hope , do some Uuo &towards hastening that better time .

      Untitled Article

      " * National Land and labour Bank . By George Candelet Hyde : Slater , Market-street . , ^ e are well pleased to be able to speak in warm i ^ nts of commendation of this small tract , which « Wrat « the old saying , that pood stuff is J ^ PPed up in Email bundles . * Mr Candelet adweses his 'Letter * to Odd Fellows , Foresters , j *»* b , an d other Benefit Societies , calling their at-« at » n to the Rational Land and Labour Bank , ^ Piainins its seturity , the amount of profit on its r ^ us . &s ., &c . This tract should be purchased ¦ rc oteale by the members of the Land Society for S «*? l utribntion * We throw oufc a hixA to on / £ wush inends ; you ought to get something riorij *» Mr Candelet ' s pamphlet printed , and yon & » £ ?* weU fitted t 0 Perf 0 ™ the labour ot wri-Jgw eli apamphlet , _ Mr Edward Burrell , of Gree""^ jaman whose pen should place him abore the

      Untitled Article

      fear ofwantrandbey ^^ -espTlea ofa + m&&i The appeal from Greenock , in behalf of M- b rell , ^ hiehlatdy appearedioMiSumJL n ^ ST be unirersally responded to , formerSt X $ make him an honour to hiaelaw r B # rn iirin 11 tti 1 n 111 1 1

      Untitled Article

      ^ sHSMaaaa jssss ' . '" ssiiss ^ i !* - ¦ trhfI H ? nJ *' ? 'i *** " ** ^ thB '" pectabUity of Uadesand prof . ssious , and oneoccpationU oftentx-SStSat ^ " ** ^ * " " nOther ' whea the « i n ? J ^ ^ hOaert « n P ° ja «« t « . whether of the body or mind , are essentiall y honourable . The scavenger ' iVL !?" «* *** " * "drainsdear does

      - . * " * » , more for the public health thu the most skilful phjsi dan in the land . The former keeps away diseaw , the Uiter only cures it , and every one allows thai pre , « . Won U better than cure . ' » Tis true the doctor ma * be the not the fault of the . eareDgw . if tne clergy and eentrv * c bad done their duty , the man who sweeps our streets would have beeH , inhUnuwnsrs and morals , as perfect a gentleman as any other person in the land . The cUrgy . man who delivers the sermon , and the clown who reduces it to practice are equally honourable , except in those cases in which the preacher neglects the rules he ptescibes to others , far in every snch Instance the pea-¦ antisbyfarthelMtterandmoreresDectableman . - The day labourer may be rude , and the priest polite , but then as the rudeness of the former btoi great extent tLe crime of the latter , ao one ought to be taunted with

      a fault to which he has been doomed by the negllgencs and injustice of those who had his manners and destiny in their hands , aad were actually paid to perfect his educetion . Disagreeing with Mr Parsons en his estimate of the great Whig , Fox , and not exactly agreeing with him ob some other minor points , still we have much pleasure in bearing testimony to the value of his unanswerable defence of Universal Suffrage in No 2 tract . We can only afford room for the following extract : —

      I might further aik , is there a dissenting minister in the country so lost to shame as to say that he has any man in his cengregation beyond the age of twenty-one who is unfit to vote for a member of parliament t If such a spiritual prodigy can be found , then the sooner he quits thepulplt the better . To be the professed enlightener of a congregation and to have to far neglected hU duty as to have men under his charge who are too ignorant or wicked to be trusted with the franchise , is a reproach which few men will be ready to avow . My own congregation is not less than a tbouiand , and they are , I am proud to say , mostly operatives ; but I should be ashamed to show my &ce ic public if I thought there was a single person above the age of twenty-one unfit to receive and use his political righto . There is no danger

      of granting this constitutional privilege to the dissenters of theeountry ; and as to the Church of England , if we believe the Bishops and Clergy , matters are ten thousand times better there ; for all persons baptised by tiuie successors of the Apostles , are , the cattehlsm asserts made members of Christy children of God , and inher il tors of the kingdom of Heaven . ' Episcopalians measure the number of square feet in the chapels of Dissenters , or count the heads that enter the door of the conventicle , and then claim all the rest as their own . All the rest are tobe sure , ' members of Christ , children of God , and inheritors of the kingdonfof Heaven , ' and therefore can . not but be fit to vote for Members of Parliament . To say that armember ofChristi a child of Gad , and an inheritor of the kingdtm of Heaven / is too ignorant or too

      Wicked to be entrusted with the franchise , is a libel on the Clergy , oa the Church , and on Christianity . Every Clergyman to be consistent muit be an advocate for the Extension of the Suffrage . To deny iU constitutional character would prove him ignorant of the political rights of man : to deny its equity woul d convicthim of being unacquainted with the first principles of Christian rectitude : and to affirm the unfitness of any of his flock to exercise this pewer , would demonstrate his own onfitness for the sacred office , his guilty inattention to his fleck , and at the same time belie the boasted efficacy of sacramental grace . To oppose Universal Suffrage on the ground of the mental or moral imperfections of the people would not only be grossly inconsistent with the

      present principles of representation , but a bitter reproach on the Churahmtn and Diseenters of our day . If the muses are not fit for the Suffrage , then in the name of justice what have the over-paid clergy been doing with their time f Mr Parsons is equally happy , in replyine to most of the objections usually urged against Universal Safirage .. Tract No . 3 is devoted to a defence of the other- ' points' of the Charter , aad is very ably written . We trust that these tracts wiU * be read far and near , and that Mr Parsons will be encouraged to persevere in bis noble efforts for the emancipation of the millions , and the establishment of tkose principles of public equity , witho ut which the preaching of Christianity is but a mockery .

      Untitled Article

      in Appeal to tie tlumbering energies of tie British People . By William Coombs , Wedmore ; near Wells , Somersetshire . The author of this ( sixpenny ) publication dedicates the workef his pen to Feargas O'Connor , Esq . M . P ., of whom he appears to be an ardent admirer . Although our author does not say jnuch that is new , be says not a little that is true in exposing the sufferings of the people . The following is a specimen ot his Appeal : — Employ , my honest countrymen , but one moment in reflection , end you will discover that notwithstanding the cock and bull story so industriously circulated about the freedom and privileges of Britons , you are in reality slaves . Arc not your honest earnings consumed by numerous and immense salaries , paid to DuKes Uarquises , Earls , Viscounts , and Barons , who make it their boast that their blood is more noble than that of their fellow

      creatures ; but can find no lover of liberty to snpport their assertion ! Are you not obliged to pay enormous taxes to a government , in the formation of which the greater part of you had no hand t Are you not obliged to pay the interest of an immense debt contracted by the imprudence , or ill policy of your rulert ! So you not support in luxury and wealth an assemblage of person , ages denominated the Clergy , who in return confer no manner of benefit upon you * Do yon not maintain in splendour a nee , calling themselves the ¦ Royal Family ! aad it has been the pleasure of your rulers to place a female at its head , thus perverting the order ef nature , which ordaiaedfor woman the qalet domestic walks of life . Are you not burthened with the support of a foreigner , calling himself Prince Albert , enjoying an immense income , together with numerous privileges ! And to sum up all do yon not support a standing army , to ensure the power of your oppressors , and to forge the chains that Knd you stronger ?

      People of England , a star has risen in the horizon , that will lead you to liberty , and all its enjoyments . It is that of the gallant and noble Feargus O'Connor , tfollow him , men of England—never letyour adherence to him be shaken ; stand by him through good or evil rtport , for he oal y among the many of your representatives has really and trul y your interest at heart . Follow the banner of the patriotic O'Connor , and he will conduct you to freedom . He will render every Englishman an independent m ember of society ; and when the grave receives him he will ( to use his own words ) leave that society better than he foand it .

      Untitled Article

      Seasons for appealing to the Jtiddle Classes on behalf of their Unenfranchised Brethren . By a Norwich Operative . London : HouUton and Stoneman , Paternoster-row ; Norwich : Jarrold and Sons . . The 'reasons' addressed by the Norwich operative to the Middle Classes , showing why those classes ought to assist the people in their struggle for ' full , fair , and free representation , * are certainly very good ; whether , however , the lowgeoide

      will deign to consider the said reasons , weBtrongly question . It appears to us that the conversion of the Norwich operative ' s own dais is the one thing needful . If once the mass of working men were thoroughly in earnest , in enforcing their just demands , the conversion of all other classes would be an easy matter . As , however , the middle classes are unquestionably the most ignorant of all sections of British society , we have no hesitation in recommending the circulation of this pamphlet for their much needed instruction .

      Untitled Article

      The RetvUti of the Elections . This pamphlet is a reprint of an article , which appeared in the last number of the Oxford and Cambridge Betiew , and is , from the beginnine to the end , one centinued wail over the decline of Toryism and the progress of Democracy . When we state that the author quotes the * lament' of the ' sublime and beautiful' apostate and pensioner , Burke , 'over the unhappy Marie-Antoinette , ' as applicable to ' our present prospects , ' we have said enough to show the character of his lugubrious composition . 'Alas ! poor Torick !» *

      Untitled Article

      ^ JwuisAl ph ^ eal and CoachlHnctory . London _ E . Maekenwe , 111 , Fleet-atreat . JS f £ Md «» dtart sheets continue to de-SS , S T ? ? t d ^ iM 8 wehavebef 0 » bes towed K S'JU * quite "" PoaiWe for us to note even MVMLw tlie , ? yilse , mattera famished by MrMackenae , at the smallest possible cost . Tra-SS-ftSlW *" * . PW « n «> the supplement 5 SfcS ? i . IkU 8 *( M wel 1 as the *•*>»» ' Provided withboth . tbey can never be at a loss for nearly all necessary information for travelling by wad or by

      Untitled Article

      ^' £ l " ? ter : A - Heywood , Oldham-Btrwt . . Penny sheet containing a few items of ' useful KuowIedKe , ' in addition to the usual features ef an almanack . aa-JMr SUlett ' siTMhca * System of Spade Husbandry will be reviewed in om next ..

      Untitled Article

      TIVERTON . THE PEOPLE TRIUMPHANT ! t < L * MHIOR OP IHg NOBIHBBN STAR . bir .--The result of the recent municipal election held in the borough of Tivertun must be highly gratifying to the lovers of true liberty and the genuine canse of the p eople . Hitherto the Town Council of that borough has been almost exclusively entrusted to the tender mercies of the Whige . A great outcry was raised against the ' old four and twenty' in their day , in consequence of the exclusiveness of their body , bnt no sooner did the Municipal Corporation Act come into operation than the Whigs proceeded to follow in the steps of their predecessors and to arroeata to

      themselves the nomination of the whole of the members of the Kew Body ; and not content with doing this , they actually had the unblushing effrontery to recommend t © . the preciouB Whig government of that day , bx of the most determined of their own partisans to be magistrates for the borough ! a plot in which ( to the shame of the govenrawnt ) they succeeded . Now , however , thanks to the determined energy of the people , the Whig clique has been dealt a severe Wow . No longer isthe council composed exclusively of a faction , a hols has , indeed , been made m its body . The doors of the Counoilchamberhavebeenepened by the people , and through the portals has passed one of the nwst deserving and most consistent men that can be found in the whole borough .

      A vacancy having been occasioned in the Town Council bj the disqualification of one of the councilmen fer Wessexe Ward the people determined on starting a candidate of their own . Defeated at _ the parliamentary election , they resolved to * try their atrength in the Municipal Corporation . They accordingly Started Mr William Roweliffe as their candidate . This gentleman , it will beremembered , was the proposer of Mr Julian Haraey at the late general election . The ( Hugs formed a dirty coalition with some of the Tories and also started a candidate , but , alack-a-Jay , they were doomed to an ignominious defeat A Beverecontest ensued but the' people * came off conquerors . Mr Roweliffe obtained a majority over his oppwient and was declared duly elected .

      What , then , u the conclusion to be drawn from this ? Why , that if the franchise were in the hands of the people , Tiverton would not be misrepresented as she now is in the House of Commons . Poor Cupid' would have to wing his flight to some other place of shel tor . I have not resided in Tiverton for some time , but when I did live there it was my lot to witness and take part in several elections for the Borough as well as for the Town Council , but know not any one election , which ever took place in tnat town , either parliamentary or municipal , that reflects , so much honour upon the people , and affords such strong grounds for hearty congratulation and triumph as does the recent election for the Ward of wessexe , t » y which the return to the Town Council

      hasbeen secured of that tried , staunch , honest , and independent man William Rowoliffe . William Roweliffe is no mushroom Reformer ; he did not spring up yesterday to be plucked to-day . No ! For years and years , he has advocated the cause ef the people . Through goodreport and through evilreport he has ever stood by them . Regardless alike of threats as of pitiful scorn , he has always been the faithful champion of freedom . Coercion has been tried with him , but in vain ; exclusive dealing has been attempted to be exercised against him , but with no better success . He has manfully stood his ground , buffetting every storm , braving every danger , but budging not one inch . ' The Charter , my boys , the whole Charter , and nothing but the Charter has ever been his motto . Proud ; indeed , am Ito see

      that hu brother Chartists in Tiverton haverewarded him for his noble patriotism . Long may he live to enjov his honours snd to continue to be in the Council the champion of the Tiverton people . . I w ill merely add , in conclusion , that I hope we may augur fro m Mr Rowcliffe ' s recent victory that ere long a still greater triumph will be achieved in Tiverton . Let the people ofthat town take courage , from wha £ tfaey have now done . Letthem remain true to the principles of the Charter , and they may rest awnred that the day ' . u not far distant when they will have the satisfaction of returning to the House of Commons at least on $ man who will really and truly represent them , their cause , and the cause of the people at large in the British Parliament . I have the honour to be , Sir , Tour obedient Esrvant , A TlVERIORIAH .

      Untitled Article

      The Eto of a Marksi Day . —The body of Mr James Blanchford , farmer , of Tedburn St Mary , was recovered on Saturday last , having lain seven days in the river Exe . The circumstances are detailed in the following evidence , given on Monday before the coroner , who held an inquisition at the Moreten Inn , St Thomas ' s . John Southcott stated that he was the landlord of theMoretonlnn . The deceased had been in the habit of coming to his house for more than 13 years past—generally on Fridays . He eatr him from seven o ' clock nntil ten on the evening of the 8 th inst , Bitting with Mr William Parr , a neighbour , in the drinking room . They were on their horses at the time the express train , at five minutes before ten , paBsed , and they then rode away in the direction of

      their homes . Deceased was not very tipsy ; he was capable of riding and knowing what he was about ; he had been drinking beer . Thomas Gregory , landlord of the Turk ' s Head Inn , had known deceased many years . About ten o ' clock in the evening of Friday , the 8 th inst , he came to bis house in company with Mr Parr . They sat down in the tap-room and had two or three pints of beer . At his request they came into the tradesmen ' s room , where Mr Parr tossed with a young man , named Brailey , for three glasses of gin and water . Mr Blanchford did not drink half his grog , but Mr Parr and young Brailey drank their * . Mr Parr wanted to tos 3 again , but witness thought they had bad quite sufficient , and advised them to go home . They then cot uDon their

      horses and rode np the street comfortably and steadily together . That was about eleven . o ' clock . In about ten minntes or a quarter of an hour they returned , and deceased said he had been robbed in bis house . He accused one or two persons of having robbed him of his purse with forty shillings in it . but , on pntting his hand in the breast pocket ef his coat , he found the purse and his money ; he then apologised , and ordered a gallon of beer , buc witness would not bring it . Deceased and Pan mounted and went away together , just after twelve o ' clock . —William Parr , farmer , of Tedburn St Mary , met deceased at the Moreton Inn about six o ' clock in the evening of the 8 th inst It might be half-past eight , or nine , or ten o ' clock when thev left . When he cot home it mieht

      be two in the morning . ( This witBtss was evidently ignorant of all time . He corroborated the statement of the two preceding witnesses , as much as his recollection would permit ) . He insisted upon it tbat neither himself nor deceased were very drunk . He found him wanting when he got to the Durnsford gate , but he continued on the road , thinking every minute Mr Blanchard would overtake him .- James Lyddon , | surgeon oi StThomas ' s , had seen the body of deceased , which he helped to strip . The clothes were saturated with water , excepting part of the shirt collar and part of a false collar buttoned to it , which were partially dry , tho neck-tie being so tight round the neck as to keep out all wet . There was a layer of clay covering the whole of the face and going back

      to each ear , and into each ear . There was also clay of the same description in his hands , which were neither clenched nor quite extended . There were no marks of blows or scratches . The countenance was unnaturally full and congested . The UpB were dosed , and no soil was in the mouth . The eyelids were shut ; the eyes very much gorged with blood , and , altogether , the fulness of the vessels of the brain was quite sufficient to account for death . His idea was that the face went at ^ once into a bed of clay , and so he was smothered . It was plastered' as an apple made into a dumpling , ' to theextent of two eighths of an inch , and there was great difficulty in removing the slay , so firmly did it adhere . There was an absence of the usual symntoms of drowning .

      The inference was , that he was smothered first with the clay , and came subsequently in the water . The finding of the body , which was seen to go over Trew ' s Weir about mid-day on Saturday , and the finding deceased ' s horse at the bottom of Quay-hill on the morning of the O . 'h inst , was then proved . —William Ratcliffe , constable ef St Thomas ' s , found upon deceased , in his right-hand breeches pocket , one sovereign and seventeen shillings in silver ( the pocket was buttoned up , and the money was in a leather purse ) 3 Jd . in his waistcoat pocket , spectacles and case in his breast coat pocket , and two receipts for money paid .-The jury returned an open verdict , ' That the deceased was found dead , but as to how he came in the water there . was no evidence to show . '

      At Long Newton , near Stockton , there is now i vingawoman , named Mary Benton , whose age i s 107 . She worked as a haymaker in the present lear .

      Untitled Article

      THE SWisV ^ UESTIONr- ~ ' " : ( From a tract' published by the International oXr ieS . f uded from **** " Star of From tho state of thlnglwThave described bad ariwn , 7 ™« consequence , the absolute oiicredit ef the dlet-the degradation , In publte opinion , of every 225 ' {? £ ?*• Eo * power to mahe " » elfK - speotea which 1 is not even respected by the elements that f- \»!? ll ? , , SBPPOB 6 a decree P"w « - *• «» Dle * ! mrV # ! , ° ? lnt 6 a ^ » e great Cantons , and by means ttl Ui ° J orltyof"Wch we have spokenis

      u ^ ^ . ; Itt ) be supposed that those great Oaht . ng-. thiireal mah . ^ 7 Tv ° nfonntoU ! No : tatwnohlBgihmuilm ™ j a t . canW « ° * erel BntT-ihe only aorereignty recognised throughout the Compact as the fundamental fis ^ 'S * " FedM 4 tl 0 n-they will leave it uu . « " * ^ "rse the supposition : the small Cantons wiUhastento Miowthe example , and to invoke thepw cedentofdisobedieBM . This ha . b 8 ea seenj tnl 3 , be seen in a few days when the Diet will decree the a ssoluHou of the Catholic league , formed within the Stateef the seven Cantons , of which w « shall presently dC ' ve mai be ° ertaiB that tte Leagne wU 1 not

      jmSTn ° f th 8 Federal ° " « K >* y i » the ! w ™ ii .. f a * ™? to employ illegal means-of ! S » £ l ^ fOfOe - Whlch we h ave « en multiplied in Bwttaeriind for some time past , Thsy ue their ** , gular "Prewlon of an opialon which can find no regular organ by which to manifest itself . Whea men Sot So ^ Tf K 6 IUit qUeBtlOn « * ^ uUinVlucerne or Fribourg , It is because they know the opinion of the country is againstthe Jesuits ; and th « , et that opin on will be unable to fi * d a voice in tbe Diet ; or that ; even if it should succeed , as It is now dolng . ln finding one , its decree will remain a d « ad letter —; im-ffective and dls . obeyed . The Powers " know this : and when they reeemmend peace they play the hypocrite . They rejoice at this state of things , and love to perpetnate it for their own ends , They love to keep that > word of Damnohi , intervention , suiptnded over tha head of Switzerland .

      Opinion bas , hewever , advanoed in Switzerland since 1816 : every thing around her has changed , and her own interior has changed also . When , in 1815 , under foreign influence , the Compact was proclaimed on tb « ruins of the constitutions established by the Ad of Jfcdtotkm , Switiwrland . was . delivered up to tho aristocracy ; tb 8 T > eople were not even consulted , the Governments and Great Councils founded the alliance on tbe basis pointed oat to them . Since that time aristocracy bas fallen almost everywhere . The principle of thesovereignty of the people hasgainad almost all the grant Cantons ooe by one—Tesstn , ArgovleSololhurmZurich

      , , , SaintGall , IThurgovle ,. Taud , ; Berne , Scaaffausen , Geneva , &c , have , since 1830 , pressed onward in their democratic movement almost entirel y without spilling blood . The internal life of each ol the members of the Confederation has thus been reformed and invigorated ; but the law which should rule their collective life has remained the « an » o ; the child ' s flre » B Still COmpreaies the limbs of the grown man . A povierlets compact of foreign and unpopular origin , the expression of a state of things which now belongs to the past , weighs like a nightmare on tbe national heart beating with new force and new inspirations . . , .

      Here , we repeat it , In the want of harmoBy between its wants and its institutions , dwells the national question « f Switzerland . And this want of harmony is felt not by a few thinkers , by a few agitatow , without an echo in the country . It is felt by the large majority of the SwIbb people . We will not here recapitulate the public meetiags , the associations , the organs of tbe public press , whioh have ma . nlfested it . We have a bett » r proof than all this—a legal fact which no ^ one can call in question . Tbe opinion in favour of altering the . Compact has long been so powerful that , in spite of the spirit of caatonallty , so nattered , so promoted by the institutions themselvtss , and by . all the influences agitating around Switzerland , the Diet itself—the Dist with its representatives ef Can . tens , and its imperative mandate *—was twice obliged to give way , and to proclaim the defects of the Compact ef 1819 , ita incompatibility with the subsequent growth of the spirit of nationality in Switzerland , and the ntoessity of a Federal reorganisation .

      These decisions of the Diet , however , bore no fruit and the extraordinary spectacle of a Government incapable of procuring the execution of a decree put forth fifteen yean back is the most decisive proof we could bring of the viees inherent in the constitution of such Government itself . Bat not th » less , let it be remembered , has the principle been proclaimed by tbe body which is considered to represent legally the votes of the conntry . The question , since the first decision oftheDiitln 1832 , has become singularly mixed up with religious differences , And , in explaining the causes of the non-realisation of this decision , we propose to give a rapid view of thB secondary questions , religious or otherwise , which have subsequently arUen . The events of which

      Switserland may at no distant time become tho theatre , will thus be better understood , and this short preparatory labour is . themore necessary , because the journal already alluded to , has endeavoured to take advantage of these secondary questions , in order to falsify the real state of things ia Switzerland , by giving a colour of religious intolerance to that which is essentially a controversy uponinternal organisation . -We haro already said tbat the local cantonal element ia , in Switzerland , an historical traditional element that no one dreama—thai no one could ever dream—of annihilating . No one can , on the other hand , dream of denying the existence of a national element—of a sentiment of general progress , of

      common interest , of common country , which has , for good or evil , sustained the existence of the Ctnfederation daring more than fire centuries , through all sorts of dissensions , dangers , and wars ; and the want of a more and more complete harmonisation of these two elements in their developement is not , as some would wish to insinuate , the ambitious whim of afew individuals anxious to play a great part : it has been the problem , the permanentdesire , of the noblest hearts , the highest Intellects of Switzerland , from Hicolas du Flue down to Muller the historian ; it has shown itself more powerful at every step made by ths democratic spirit—every time , in other words , that the general opinion of the country has gained ground upon ths spirit of aristocracy ,

      Of the politioal condition of Switzerland before 1789 we need not gay muoh ; a species of Federative alliance existed between the Cantons , but the institutions of the middle age were throughout the country predominant , Already , however , prior to the French Rtrelution , the popular idea might be seen fermenting here and there ; and the events of 1789 only served to give it a bolder impulse . With the ' insurrections of Basle , of Taud , and of Geneva , the desire of a more intimate unloa of the Cantons began to show itself . But the French Government . ' carried away by the idea of cohqu « st , committed

      an error ; and in 1798 the Directory abolished not only the Federal Compact of the Cantons . as then existing , but the separate existence and constitutions of those Cantons themselves , aad implanted one single conttitution for the whole country upon the varied soil of Switzerland . This exaggeration of the national principle , and the radical vice of foreign usurpation , just awakened the cantonal spirit . Heie and there an open struggle took place , and repugnance wbb manifested everywhere . The ict o / Mediation which Napoleon , with a moie profound acquaintance with the country , gave in 1601 to Switzsrlaud was very differently reeived .

      The Act of Mediation recognised the triumph of the popular element ; leeal right was respected by the liberty granted to each of the nineteen Cantons then composing the Confederation , of giving itself its own constitution , provided only tbat it Bhould not be in contradiction with the recognised popular principle ; the national sentiment wes recognised , ' at the same time , above all by the enactment of tbe right of frae establishment , and also by the reasonable Importance granted to the amount of population of a district , by giving two votes in the Diet to the Cantons containing more than 100 , 000 inhabitants , and one only to those lets populous . These were the merits of Napoleon ' s constitution . On the other band ^ however , the constitution was defeetive in the weakness which it was calculated to entail upon

      the central power : an intentional result ' on the . part of Napoleon , whose policy it was that France should only be powerful as a nation , There wtre , besides thit inherent weakness of the central power as organised by Napoleon , the uncongenial elements of an all-powerful foreign influeace , and the necessity " of continual sacrifice ' s which the Fretich alliance imposed . The merits of tho Act of Mediation , to which we havi referred , caused It to be received with acclamations , and maintained for & period with seal , and even to be the eauie of somo internal progress , Its inherent defeoti , ' and ! accompanying drawbacks , decided the Swiss to range themselves , in 1814 , on tn ' e side of the canquering Allies , who invaded ,

      it is true , but in the name of liberty ana of indepondonoe , the nationalities violated by the ascendancy of Imperial France . The Act of Mediation wa « then annulled ; the Confederation divided into twenty-two Cantons ; the Compact of the 7 th of August 1815 , negotiated at Vienna , and promulgated at Zurich , substituted for anterior legislation ; and the perpetual neutrality of Switzerland recognised en the 20 th of November 1815 , by France , Austria , Bogland . Russia , Prussia , and their Allies , who formally guaranteed the integrity and inviolability of the territory of the Confederation . The Compact of the 7 th of Attgast , 1 S 5 , effaced the ameliorations of the Att ot Mediation , and organised the Federal Constitution in the manner webave shown , and as it still remains .

      As we have already remarked , the popular voice had no fhare in this remodelling of the Constitution the Councils only voted upon it . And the Compaot was accepted because the poople were anxious to escape from a merely provisional and temporary state of thing * , and because they did not and could not imagine tbatthis was to be a final institution , never to be modified in accordance with internal progress , or with tho necessary developement of ths national idea . But the object of the Powers was soon perceived , and from tbat time the

      reactioimgan . The aristocracy , protected by the absolute Powers , and profiting by the uncertainties and tha improfld » noa which ' accompany great changes , had nearly everywhere repossessed themselves of their power . Everywhere , also ; the popular principle silently pressed on towards the struggle which was to bust forth in 1890 , and iu the following years , Religious controversy now came to add a new element to tbe popular discontents . On the one hand , it was perceived with alarm tbat the reorganisation of the Confederation providad no metropolitan bishop for Catholic Switzerland , and that the so *

      Untitled Article

      premogovsrnment of that efcurchfell naturally Into the hands of the Catholic Nunelo , who established his residence at Luoerne , thu » opening the way immedlatriy to ths direct influence of Rome ; on the other band , the Jesuits , everywhere dreaded , were seen reappearing , founding establishments in various places , and endeavouring , little by little , to appropriate to themselves the educa . tion of the country . In 1830-31 , a » eri » s ef popular movsments overthrew almost everywhere , as ws have already said , and without bloodshed , the power of the aristocraoy . A more violent collision took plftc * in 1833 , between the town and the rest of the C-inton of Basle , at the end of whioh the Diet was obliged to recognise the separation of the Cantoa into two departments—Basle-VUle and Basle-Campagne—each enjoying from that timo half . vote .

      With the triumph of the popular principle the question of ths revision of the Federal Compact was imperiously called for . Tbe principle of life being changed in * ach State , it was dear that the principle of life of the whole must also be modified .: All these internal revolutions expressed new wants and new ideas , which must necessarily bring about new relations between the States whioh had accomplished them . The principle of ruling by a majority of the people having been once accepted in each Canton , it became impossible that the contrary principle could continue to reign in all that conoerned the general interest , or that the minwity cf the population of Switzerland could give law in their Diet to the majority . The national idea had , moreover , gained in power in proportion as the Swiss citizens had gained in

      dignity . The force of argument within the Diet and the agitation in the country became at length so overpowering that , on the 17 th of July , 1882 , by a majority of sixteen voices against five , the Diet itself proclaimed that the revision of the Compaot hadbecomeindispenjabio . The fire opposing Cantons themselves did not deny the principle : they contented themselves with saying thattbefltting opportunity had not yet arrived . Acorn-SSl /? . ( ottr !?« n tten *« Melected from the highest if ? £ ™ 7 a » d from the most dittlBgul . hed Intelloots Compact . UwMprcsenteaon the 15 th of December , and wag extremel y moderate-of ten too timid , and tearing , perhap , , too much toward the cantonal interest ; btttlncontestabl y better than the old one

      Then were seen in aotien all the viees' of the Fedwal Constitution , which we have pointed out In thepreoedlng pages . It had been Impossible to avoid acknowledging the principle ; parties reserved themselves te refuse Its application . In the interior , the Cantons of Schwytz Uri , Unterwalden , Basle-Ville , and Nenfchatel , stimulated principally by tbe intrigues of Austria , organised against all change the league called the League of Bar . nen , from the name of a locality of the Canton of Untsrwaldeu where its representatives assembled . Without the country , the ambassadors of the absolutist Powers began to alarm the Cantons by notes analogous to those whioh Monsieur Guizot is how lending to Switzerland ; and subsequently , by their conduct in the affair of the proscribed exiles . r « Bident in Switzerland , they succeeded

      in sowing fear , mistrust , and division amount the Can . tana . We regret that we have not space here to set forth this matter in detail , btcauae it lays bare , better than anything else could do ,. the tactics by which the foreign Powers influence , the national affairs of Switzerland , let it suffice to say , that upon the simple fact of some Italian , Polish , and German exiles joining a public association , organised with a view to the reform of the Federal Compact , they raised the" bugbear of an armed molutionary propagandists threatening the tranquillity of Europe ; exacted the expulsion of all tbe proscribed political parties ; formed a military cordon round Switzerland ; endeavoured to give the question of a reform of the Compact the aspect of originating in an idea of external propagandist ^ and succeeded in

      deceiving the credulous , alarming the timid , and encouraging the discsntented . The plan of the commission was re . jected ; and the realisation of the Diet ' s decree indefinitely postponed . Nevertheless , it was never abandoned ; and when , in 1841 , it was proposed to declare that there ' was no longw any occasion to consider it farther , a majority consisting of ten votes , and two half-votes * pronounced for the continuation of the question . It was from the moment—and we entreat attention to whatap . peaw to ub an important point of view—it W 88 from the moment when all parties could notbut acknowledge tbat there was nothing more to hope from tbe central authority , and when all parties felt themselves confined within the fatal circle drawn by an organisation powerless for good , but perpetuating itself by its very

      defectsthat a tendency to the extra legal struggle first insinuated itself into the ranks of the progressive majority . It appeared a sad but necesiary evil to be encountered for the safety of the country—for itB rescue from the double burthen of a retrograde minority in the interior , and a despotic foreign influence . The religious qn < stion , on which we are about to say a few words , brought an addltlonal source of irritation to men ' s minds . It was , however , treated , wherever it arose , with justice and mo . deration on the part of the progressive majority ; and we beg our readers to compare the few facts that we are about to cite , with the assertions put forth without proof by the Times , in the article referred to above ; They will then see how much faith this journal deserves in foreign questions , . .

      Under a negotiation , traceable to French influence under Louis XIV . , the coastitution of the Canton of Glaris granted to tbs Catholics a share in the executive power very superior to their numerical proportion with the Pr « tostaats of that Canton . Equality was re-esta . bllehsd in 1887 . There is certainly nothing there which eonstitateB an attack upon religious tolerance . There were disturbances in Le Talals in 1840 and 1844 , but it was from tbe first purely a political question there . A constitutional reform , establishing the joBt principle that each district of the Canton should Share In the composition ofthe Great Council according to its population , was accepted by the majority . Th «

      minority established ia the Haut-Valftis—a part of the Canton given over to the influence of ths military , clerical , and landed aristocracy—reB ' sted , and organised a separate government . A struggle ensued , and victory declared for the majority . The Jesuits had taken an active pait in tbe revolt of the retro , gresslve party ; nevertheless , there was no reaotlon against them . Later on , the Jesuits and their partisans , after having laboured hard , and succeeded ia gaining over the peasantry to their cause , renewed the attack j they conquered , and re-established the old system of Inequality . The proscription of Protestant worship , even in the snnctnary of the family , was one of the first acts of the triumphant party .

      In Argovie , at the time of a liberal revision of the constitution , the opposition on the Catholic side assumed a factious and unconstitutional aspect . It wbb after the discovery of some plots tending to provoke civil war , and of certain secret assemblies bold in the convents , that the Great Council deoreed in 1841 , by an Immense majorlty formed of Catholic as well aB of Protestant depn . ties , the dissolution of the convents . The decree was peacefully received by the Argovian populations . Some Catholic deputiespreBented appeals to the Diet , and thtre were several discussions from 1841 to 1843 , upon the subj « ct , the conclusion of which was the approval of the part taken by the Great Council ef Argovie . The meosure adopted appeared to everybody so exclusively poll , tical that several Catholic Cantons , such as Tessin , Solothurm , dso . were the first to defend Argovie iB the Diet ; and the only request addressed to it by ths Diet was , that the unoffending convents for women should not

      be cemprehended in the general suppression . Here is all that constitutes the religious episode in the history of Switzerland state 1815 , until the affair now pending of the Jesuits . The Jesuits and the Apostolic Nunoiate bad , particularly since 1840 , laboured with the greatest activity in gaining over to themselves the population of Lueerse ; and a decree of . the ^ Grand Council ofthat Canton , in 1814 , committing ; the education of the clergy to the . 'Fathers of the Sooiety , ' convinced Switzerland of the fact . The moment was ill chosen ; blood was flowing in the passes of La Valaif , and general ' opinion accutsd the' Jesuits established at Brlggs of having fomented these civil struggles . It was asked where the encroachments of tho Ultra Montane party would stop ; and it was remembered with alarm that Lucerne being one of the three Vorort towns , the central direction of Swiss affairs would in turn necessarily fall under the influence of a seotirreconcileably inimical to the conquests gained by liberal opinion since 1830 .

      Complaints became so general that the Diet at length addressed an invitation to Lucerne , in the name of the country at large , calling upon { hem to expel the Josutts . The invitation was haughtily refused , It was after this refusal , and in consequence of the confessed Impotence of the Diet , that the armed attacks mads upon Luoerne and Friboarg by the ardent spirits of come reforming Cantons , who organised themselves under the name of the ' Free Troops , ' took place . TheBe attempts proved abortive ; hut they furnished to tbe retrograde party a pretext which they had long sought for organising themselves . The Sondwlund , or Separate League ,, was formed inl 845 . The existence of this League , and the revision of the Compact , are two vital questions ' upon which the Diet , sitting at the present time in Berne , is tailed upon to decide .

      The Separata League , as avowedly and o < ncially confessed , embraces the seven Catholic Cantons—Luoerne , Fribourg , Uri , Schwytz , Unterwalden , Zug , and Le Valals . It ba j a permanent Council sitting at Lucerne , a common treasury , an army , a commander-in-chief , and is pledged to offer resistance against all internal or extetnal attack , be it from the other Cantons or from the Federal power . It is supported , and almost openly so , by Austria , It is evident that , even under the actual Compact , the Catbolio League is illegal . The last section of Article V ., and Article YI . are sufficiently decisive . B y the last section of Article V ., it is enacted that * Whatever diff * .

      rencei may arise between the Cantons , they shall abstain from all acts of violence , and above all from the use of arras , o « il 1 % shall conform fa mry ( kmg to Hit dwision given ( by theDiet ) . And Article VI . i * in the following words :- 'The Cantons shall not form amongst eaei othtr any connexions prejudicial 10 the Federal compact . ' Moreover , tha instructions given to the representatives of tha Cantons for the present Bitting of tha Diet have already decided the question . Btrne , Zurlth , Orisons Argovie , ThurgovU , St Gall , Schaffhausen , Taud , Twain , Ueneva Basle-Oampagne , Solothurm , Outer Appennell , and Glaris , will vote for the dissolution of the League ; Basle-Ville itself will vote for a friendly Invitation to the same effect . There is here , then , the Immense majority

      Untitled Article

      oft 8 TritBerlana , and tomprthindlng " several Cathbllo Cantons . The same party will al to vote for the expulsion of the jmuUb , But , nevertheless , we may rest assured that the League will not dissolve itself . Encouraged by theabsolutiBt Powers , it will resist ; and when , the principle having been voted , the time arrives for carrying it into effect , and deciding upon the ootrclve measures to be tak « n , we shall tee all the old difficulties and dissensions veappoar . And whilet the Cantons which represent the majority of ( hi Swiss population will consistentl y vole for the immediate execution by the Federal forces of the Diet ' s decree , a few different opinions broached b y somo smaller Canton * , struck by timidity or seduced by other means , will causa that majority . of votes to bo neutralised Then appeals to foroe , violent snd extra-legal attacks wiU reappear ; and with them tbe menaces and , perhaps , the interference of tbe foreign Powers , which the notes oi France and Austria enable us already to foresee .

      Such is , at the present moment , the true position of Swltaerland . Let us sum it up in a ftw words , Switzerland feels herstlf suffering ia her material and economical , in her political and in her national , life . Bor want of . the right of free settlement , her industry , instead of being developed in unisen in the grand common emporium of a united country , is carried on in twenty * four small rival workshops . Harmoiy between labour , intelleet , and capital Is impassible ; foreign rivalry becomes more and mere threatening to her manufacturers ; and , while in one parl of the country oapital exists unemployed fur want of labour , we see the inhabitants of another forced to emigrate or te dishonour themselves by entering the service of foreign despotism . By transit duties , tolls , taxes , and entrep&lsj byoantonal custom houses ; by twenty-four different systems of coins , weights , and measures , her industry is fettered , restricted , and rendered stationary . A Federal authority , fallea

      into contempt , having no direct relationship with the citizens of tho common country , and without power to enforce tbe execution of its decrees ; inequality erected into an established rale , in the midst of a republican land , by an absurd and aristocratic mode of representation . ; a complete want of harmony between the knowledge and aducatlon of the different Cantons ; a civil law , multiform , confused , aad capricious ; rivalries and jealousies where there ought to be only love , peace , and association of labours—oontinually undormlne the io » ward life of Swltziriand . Her outward life is null : Bbe has no voice , no influence , no mission , in Europe . She has no strength , no unity , to resist tbe invasions ¦ with whioh she is incessantly threatened . And all this is by virtue of a Compact which effaces all idea of nationality , which enables local interests to bear the palm from the general welfare and which puts it in the power of a minority to neutralise all the votes and all the ideas of

      progress of the great majority of the country . The large numerical majority of tbe Swiss people desires to subfititute for this Compact another Compact , truly Federative ^ which , without desstroying the administrative rights of the Cantons , shall harmonise them with the politioal rights of the oountry at large , and which , by a just and reasonable expression of the national idea , Bhall givetO the majority the means legally and ptacefvUy of progressing towards a still close ? union of the States which constitute the nation . The absolutist Powers , with whom we regret to see constitutional France uniting herself , oppose themselves to the realisation of this desire . They declare that , ia spite of the ohanges which have taken place all around Switzerland since 1815 , and in spite of those which have

      been worked out within tbe bosom of oach of her Can * tons , the Compact shall remain eternally the same ... They threaten Intervention in case of a change . And thus they condemn Switzerland to inevitable aaarohy , by leaving to tbe . mnjority no means of progress except a recourse to extra-legal mode 8 , 5 to civil contests , and to force . If they see the mere symptoms of sueh thingB arise , they menace , equally , Intervention . . ; Our task has been the recittl of facts upon which we beg the serious thought of an English public . At any moment the gravest evsnts may tow be taking place in Switzerland , and we shall not boat all surprised if wa are compelled to witness there , in the very heart ol Europe , tbe first aot of a drama of which the oeeupatioa of Cracow was the prologue , ,. ¦ TBE SWISS CONFEDERATION .

      g-g jjg t g . -eg & c "I " as * •>«? " * fiiiiJiilfililiiiliiilfl a ssfes 323 aa s §« 2 ss § sslssi-£ ¦ I f S | 2 S . SS . H . 2 £ . 2 2 . 3 . 2 ^ 1 ° I a « S S otJWS g' 3 ' 3 -0 ( ff o Jo'S ' oSotiSflij * 2 fc ! ssssfs 5 sI « ! sss ! ss !§ & CS s * * s 3 a S = e ) a * * S <* a « § «¦» 833 v ^ fcoaao ^ oo a u o o , « uo « Ss £ sa o 00000000 ooe oooocoooooo t ^ i-nc t >«<» cc < o « o n « to o ) 0 « 3 i t ~ coo £ « £ - a t- ¦ v nt ^ eiiKtati'Ji 00 * o tC « onco " ' oo * itt ' co rfbT w ° « 822 SSS * 1 * 10 " °° unnnoHioN » S . ~ - -Y " •••• t §• •• I 1 •§ " C « « jo tfl .. tj ., " iii . f . 'iiHiiliH . 1 & £ 2 $ ! iS ££ l I §¦ g &&sg § &&t $% Protestant population about . . 1 , 236 , 928 Catholic population about . . . 800 , 000 Total population . . . 2 , 036 , 928

      Untitled Article

      Tonbridgk . —Fire . —On Tuesday evening last a fire broke out in a large lodge standing close to the railway , andnear to Brook-street . It was lined with straw , and had a thatched roof ; it was , at the time of the fire , peopled by hoppers , who were asleep . One of them was awoke by the enrobe , when be discovered tbe place to be on fire ; be immediately gave an alarm to tbe rest , when they rushed out , leaving ft girl about four years old is the lodge . It was soon found to be impossible to save her life , as the place waB but one mass of flames . After an hour had expired , the child was got out from the burning heap , but of course quite dead . Bbiwol . A strange Want . —The magistrates were engaged on Tueeday in hearing a charge of robbery

      and attempted murder against a man named James Venn , a returned conviot , who on Monday evening gave himself up to a polioeman , self-accused of the crime . The presecutris , Miss Ann Loosemore , who appeared very ill , stated that on Monday last , at between 5 and 6 o ' clock , she was crossing tbe read leading from Knowle to Bedminster , known as ' Bog' or' Old John ' s-lane , ' when the prisoner , whom she bad obseived for some distance walking behind her , jumped suddenly across a small brook which at one part dividod the road , and with a large stick , which she had observed in hi s hand when walking , Btruck her a heavy blow aoross the head , which felled her . He then swore be would have her money , and said he did not know whether or not he would spare

      her life . She begged him to let her get up ; and , upon his doing so , gave him Is . 6 d ., all that she had about her . He said he would have more money , and upon her saying she bad no more , Btruck her another blow which rendered her nearly insensible . She lay upon the ground with the blood flowing from her , but too weak and terrified to help herself , while the prisoner pulled up her clothes , and tore off a pocket in wbicn she bad a vinaigrette bottle , a necklace , and some small matters . Having searched her mi * nutely , he made off . first of all threatening her if she dared to get np . Upon recovering herself a little , she succeeded with some difficult ; in reaching a

      house at a short distance off , the inhabitants of which , alarmed at her state , sent her to the New General Hospital in Gunner-street for medical aid . The prisoner , having heard that she was dead , surrendered himself to police constable 205 , to whom he confessed that he it was who had robbed her and maltreated her , and that he gave , her tbe Becond blow to' make her quiet , and hoped be Bhould bej ' tucked up for it . ' The magistrates committed him for trial , and npon his being told tbat tbe offence was a capital one , for which he was to be hanged , he said tbat was what be wanted . Solab Phbkomena . —At present two very large groups of solar spots are visible at the centre of tbe

      suns duo . Advahtaob ov Takiso a Newspapbr . —The Drtwnshire Chroni cle says— ' A farmer raiding near Newton , last week sold about 100 bushels of wheat at is . ter bushel , not having heard that an advance had taken place in the price of tbat article . On conversing with his neighbour , whe resided at the adjoining farm , and stating what a bargain he had made , tbe neighbour replied , 'Why , man , Ihae sold thicsame feller a hundred bushels at 8 a ., and nort so good a sample as thine . ' Tho farmer seemed sadly mortified at ths bargain be bad made . His neighbour re « plied , Why duntthur take in tho nusepaper , and see the earn markets , how the go V Rahb Cibctjmbiakce . —It having been reported that inconsequence of a decision of the Ecolesiastioal Court a young man , named Laurence , could do penance in Cheltenham parish ohuroh at ten 0 clwA ftnRntiiwkvmni'ninp . for having defamed tnejma ;

      racter of Mrs Lucas , tbe venerabki edifice im jgWtt by several hundred persons at the hour specifled . Maif-aSur elapsed Vore the penitent appeared , and then he immediat ely disappeaied into the vestry room . There we wore informed a proctor read some words from a paper-an acknowledgment , we sup-S ? ofSofieWe-whioh the peniUnt declared to be true , Mrs Luoas at the same time faoing him . This was the coKuneocement and conclusion of the ceremvny , muoh to th » disapointmenfc of the persons present , who fully expected to see the man enveloped in a white Bhe 3 » , with taper in hand , stcnding up in the chnreh to do penance . . England pays to Holland , Belgium , and Holateia about £ 700 , 000 per annum for " butter .

      Itottrg* ,, , - Ijoetm.

      Itottrg * ,, , - IJoetm .

      Untitled Article

      Statement as to the state of Turnpike Trusts in England and Wales ; and Suggestions for discharging the Debt , and for consolidating the Roads formed ander TuTBpike Acts , with District Highways . By William Foote . London : Shaw and Sons , Fetterlane . To a very numerous portion of society , the subject discussed in this pamphlet is of great importance . To review ench a subject would occupy greater space than we could , at present , devote to it ; we must , therefore , confine ourselves to merely recommending Mr Foote ' s pamphlet to all interested in the question of Tarnpike reform .

      Untitled Article

      * The divided Cantons , snoh as Basle , Valais , &e ,, have their votes also divided .

      Untitled Article

      October 23 , 1847 , — — THE > NORTHERN STAR . 3 - °

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 23, 1847, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1441/page/3/