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Northern Star (1837-1852), 24th April 1847, Edition 1 of 3, Page 2, Untitled Article

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    • JUtoantj %<&m Xntcllfowia,
    • ¦A _._* •» TUB CONCEALED CAUSE OF COSS TlTUTlOJiAL VJl iCQClRBD EBHilTlES OF THE GENERATIVE iYSTEH.
    • , . , ^ . ^ . _ ^^ ^ ^ ~^_ ^ * ** ^«*** - aa ^_ NATIONAL EDUCATION AND GOVERMENTi EDUCATION.
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      Untitled Ad

      tenPubtithtd , A sew wdl tnportant Edition of the SBmt FrieiU on Buwutn Frailtp . rice ii . 6 & , ai 4 -stct free te any part of the United Kingdom on thar receipt of a Post Office ertor for

      Untitled Ad

      FliAMPTOJN'S PILL OF HEALTH . Priceils i | d per box . T HIS cxi-elknt Famil y KILL is a Medicka of long-tried fr-h-acy fur correcting all disorders of the Stomach ana bfiut-lc , the common symptoms of wlii «! i are Costi yenc . <• I fatutawy . Spwm ?; Uss of Appetite . Sick Headache , ( . dduii-ss . Sense of Fulness after meat , Dizziness of theEyts Diwsiness and rains in the Stoi _ iach and i-ouels : ludigestiiin , producing a Torpid Etate of the liver , and a conscuuent Inactirity of the : Bowels , causinc adicorgui . is .. tioin , J cvvr . v function of the frame , will if , v * ^'"'; 1 ^ 61 * " 1 P ^ I-a' -ation . ^ va little iterance , be tfftvtuaJly removed . Two or three 'loses « iU convince the afflicted of its salutary effect . The stomach will tpeedily re « . i ,, its strength ; a healthy action of the liver , imch-andkidiKjrsvcUl rapidly take place ; andiwtead n , ' ^ SnCt . - ' - at ) . i } ai " 1 a"d jaiwdiced appearance , : ""« . = 'f » ity and « iimd beaWl i willbe the ^ a : ck . esuiioi t .. fcn . this medu-iiir , according to the diractiL-ns accompaiivuiir each Lok .

      Untitled Ad

      ' R «* CWOt « AKD OTHER SKI * DISEASES ErfECTUAUT Cured by Holloway ' s I'ills and Ointment--Jirs Grace ff ^ r ? ' *¦ »• ° . Hemlock-court , Carey-street , London , has a nintl > whofor 4 years wis dreadfully disfigured with «_? £ ? _[? V ff ^ y'ur geons of celebrity had been con-S ^ & *• « fiM . (« ho . is a law « T , ter ; sarf ^ Mffwatr ^ - ^^ tt tASEl

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      — - — ¦¦ i !_ .. . . _ .. ^ A ^ i ^^ ^ MM ^ tb £ t ^^ ^^ ^^ 1 m J ^? CJ ^^ L . V A Hrf ^^ r 1 W ^^ Ir ^ # ^^ 9 fc ^ ^^ ^ % ¦ THE 6 REA . TEST CORES OF ANY MED 1 CISE 8 IN THE GLOBE HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT , Extraordinaiy <; ure of n Gentleman eiebtv \ ears of-ae& of at-eTy Bad Leg . £ itrortf « f . o Letter , d-itcd Saxmmdliam , l 8 ( ft Jc * n \ iary , 1847 . To Profe-sor Holloway . S 1 B .-1 begto inform-you that I suffered with a'b-tfi leg for sonic years , and hud been under the hands of a rcj spectable : > &i £ oon here for some months , without getting any reUrf ; ¦ so that at last 1 mentioned to the Surgeon that IMiouldhketOitryyour pill * and ointment , and he said uo s > o , lor 1 do not see any chance of your setting-better , without my using-. the knife , to get a proper discharge . " By taking your pills and using jonr ointment , I got in ., mediate relief , and in a short time a complete cuk ., tot which , I tliank GodJ ; aud to you , Sir , 1 return : my sincere thanks , it is generally known about hew , and is called a surprising cure .

      Untitled Ad

      IMP 3 RTANT TO MANY . REBS ' COMPOUND ESSENCE OF CDBEBS . —The most speedy and effectual remedy ever discovered for . the cure of discharges , gleets , strictures , weakness , wlates , pains wthe loins and kidneys , heat , irritation , and gravel , frequently removing every symptom of disease in four days , sometimes sooner . It contains in a concentrated state all the efficacious parts of the Cubeb combined-Avith the salt of sarsaparilla and other choice alteratove-i , . which make it invaluable for eradicating all impufcii ^« _ ff" ^ ii ! }?™\ , rrereiItinff secondary symptoms falhag off of the haw , bU-tehcs , &i \ , anO riving strength andcocrgy to the whole system . It does not contain iner cury many form , and may be taken b y the most delicate or weakly of either sex with perfect safety , as well as benefit to their general health . In all cases ' of debility it has beta found of the greatest utility . Sold b

      Untitled Ad

      i > EW COUXTY COURTS . —T 1 HXGS WORTH KNOWING .

      Untitled Ad

      . ., e £ «« . nl ? P fce ! -. Pei- <* i « N or tl . ink of tbe small beginnings or disease which surround and operate unan us in our enjoyments and intercourse " ^ the worldT "Theyoung disease , which must subdue at leng * ^ ti-eSh . " " grWU ' aUd ^ "SthensVth our An improper regimen acting upon a particular kind of ? n ? h « n , " - lat f Ws both of retiringto rest andrising in thei morning , lay the foundation of intestinal as well as skm diseases . To alli such we would recommend fir ta change of system , and , secondly , as a powerful assistant for therccoveryof health , that efficacious Family Mtdi cine , Frampton's Pill of Health , which has procured the * j » iir < toat « m of person ^ jn every station in society .

      Untitled Article

      The spirited and general resistance on the part of the people and the Dissenters to the Government soheme of education ,-aiodifted as it now is shows plainly that the ministers have yet further to coin the work of renaodeUwK . It is one of the Most sinuular aspects of governments that they arc always the last , instead of fche * first , to learn the real wishes W the people they govern . But the Encli& people will take care to tetch their government 'however slow or reluctant it may be to learn , whatiis their real mind and 'determination . The people of England , then , are asre ^ olutely bent as evertta have a national and not n ,: Meernment educating . There

      is a wiJe and irreconcilable difference . A government education As&ii-education that shall mould the people to a patient acjaiescence with government views—which shall ; bend the t wi ^ so thattho tree may ^ ean just , the way Uiat .-suits ROVernment-=-tiiat shall make a quiet , c . isy , -soulless , and good-for-noihiug nation , converting men into only so ma » -7 grazing flocks anil stupid human herds , which shall create ark perpetuate government patronage and influence , and , besmnin ? with the pedagogue , shall from . Uk hand * turn us over , food pliable animals , into the hands of the priest and ' . the policeman . It j s a plan to save ( jovernments trouble , by taking the stiffening nut of the human m _ n > l at-the outset , and rearitig . up tatted calves of the state that efcall never be worthv of

      calling John Bull their father . It is a briclwnaker ' s scheme of casting all the human clay in . one moald . and baking it in one kiln , to build up a national temple to d ?«;> otUra anil creeping servility , in which Rfverntnent shall ait and—sleep . But of -such stuff Englishmen are not made . They are none of your political brickmaker ' s clay , nor your potter ' s elay , to be made into government dinner-services : 'they are the clay that men are made of ; they are Strong , tenacious , and resisting-atuff . Depend upon it , they will run out of the . mould , they will ( fly in the fire , . they will come out of their education , men or nothing . Therefore , no governmenteiiuction will go down with them—they must and will have a national education . And what is a national education ? It is an edueation whioh paid

      » - — " ¦»¦—••»*•»¦«¦¦ "UlVlla UCtlU for with the neople ' s money , takes that money as a right , and not as a favour—which says , We are th « landlords ; you , ministers , are but the stewards : ; our money shall be laid out to educate our' children * and Vt shall be Jaid out as we please . It is an education which teaches men that they are men ; that for them the world and all | that ia therede was made ; that they nust learn the nature of that world , and of tlseso their rights ; and to d » that , they must also learn to bo honest , upright , nob . e , and true ; that they must acquaint themselves with the laws by vr Uicla the good things in this great storehouse of Ood—the worldare to bs properly aud equally distributed ; and by what means they car , best love , thank , and worship Him who is the Creator and Giver of life , and all that sustains and adorns it .

      To effect all ti . ig safely , there must be perfect ree& . m , and no government bias . It does not , therefore , satisfy the people , and it ought not to satisfy them , that the government says— " Wel l , you objected to our requiring creeds and cathecisnis to be tanqht;—we abandon that . " The people answer , " Yes ; but you must also abandon your training of our children ' s teachers . You must abandon your normal schools for teachers ; or at least your right , or any right , to impose them or any of our schools . While you do that , you retain all the power of creeds and catechisms , and send into every school of the kingdom a regular creed and catechetical incarnation in the shape of the schoolmaster . " For this reason , it is quite right that the neonle

      resist , and continue to resist . It is quito right that the people should all be educated , and that the people ' s money should educate them ; but it is equally so that the people shall use its money for the educationot ttair cluldven aa thty please , and not as go vernment pleases . There is a Rreat fallacy abroad as if it were the government money , and that the government is doing a favour in offering it . It is not government money , and its u * e is no tiwour . Some aay that it is right to have no government dictation in the mattcr-and they say true ; othersas Mr Baines . of Leeds—it i * better to haw no aid from government at al . ; but we say it is still better to have all tint is necessa y to educate the people from the state , and to have it Creed from all govern- . | . >

      meut dictation or patronage , We know that a great scheme of a board , and commissioners , and normal schools and government appointment of schoolmasters , implies the erection ot an awi ' al power of patronage . We know that I he present government is composed of the very party , and in a great measure ot the very men , who introduced the New Poor Law , and stood fast by its most cruel and obnoxious clauses as if they were the mercy of theGospel . We know , too , that a tory government may some day again return to power . Imagine , then , a tory government , with ahost of conimissioners , inspectors , and schoolmasters , added to the army , the clergy , and police , to aid it in controlling public opinion , and in shaping the public mind to the dogmas of church and state ! t | . . j , t 1 I :, t

      mere is but one way to avoid all this , and to place a . national education on a safe and effective footing . It is this : —Let a calculation be made of the sum that w . U be required to educate the whole of the litbounng population , and let that sura bo annually voted by parliament . Let every school—be it church or dissenting , be it conducted by a sect , a company , fir a . parish—be entitled to so much per head for each child therein educated . Let the government inspjetor be empowedno farther than to ascertain that such schools do bona / de educate so many children . Let them have no power to dictate any formula of i education , but only to report what is there really I taught , and whether well or ill , and leave the rest to public opinion . Let government , if it will , orcanise

      a plan of general education ; let it establish normal schools , and educate masters ; but let it have no oweMo appoint any master to any school . Let all such schools as please apply for masters , and elect them ; bin let that be the entire right of the particular school association . On such a plan the government furnishes all the material ; the people selects and applies it . The patronage rests then not with the government , but with the people ; and all danger of obnoxious creeds , or obnoxious influences , is done away with . It will be said then , many schools on this plan will have ill-qnalih ' ed masters , a detective scheme , and a lax discipline . All that may be safely left to the public . Leave it all , as you may safely , to the principle of emulation

      , and , depend upon it , no sect , or party , or parish , will choose to be left behind . If there be a good scheme , or good teachers , in the market , all will be anxious to avail themselves of them . The same principle which has hitherto propelled popular education in a ; reat measure—that ot rivalry between Church and Dissenters , Conservative and Liberal , between obc sect and another—will still operate , nay , even more effectively . None will like to be the last in the race , while the fullest liberty will be preserved to all . An immense amount of education has already been effected by voluntary effort , and all that effort will still be left in play , without the deadening influence of a government stereotype . This is what we must come to ; let us think seriously and promptly ol it . But besides this , and before this can be done , the

      hours of labour must be shortened , and the necessity of Sunday-schools suspended by the ability to attend day-schools ; so that on Sundays and holidays the children of the mill , and workshop , and dense town , may be able to go forth into the green field and the breeze , and worship God in that gladness of heart winch springs up under the azure roof of the universal temple , and mingles with the blood in the mountain air . It is not the least part of education , and ot a religious education , for which we English so strenuously and so justly contend , to allow childhood ltsnaturalliberty ; its natural ailment of fresh air ; and its natural habitude of looking up from this beautiful abode-thft earth—into the crystal vault of heaven , where dwells the Great Father of all knowledge and of all men—llowiu ' s Journal .

      Untitled Article

      Famish at Madkiiu . —The following is an extract from a letter , dated Funchal , March 20;— Famine is now come to Madeira , and ere long it may be at our own door . Neither wheat , milho ( Indian corn ) , rice , oats , barley , or any other grain , is to be had . P . can supply us with only 100 reis' ( 5 d . ) worth of bread a day , for about a month . W . is as short . No bread in the vendas ( shops ) , except for regular customers . Money is of no use to the poor—it will buy nothing . In the north they are giving wine to infants , having literally nothing else . You may imagine the misery of the poor . The Zargo is expected , with nee , from Lisbon , in a day or two , which will be a week s consumption . The suffering will be fearful , we have purchased a considerable quantity of

      biscuit , and hope to keep ourfive kitchen mouths golog ; but our groom has but a slender stock of food lor ms family , and we must share with him . Mrs S . is obliged to beg milho oi " us for her infant : none is to be bought . Of course , our horsas have long fed on grass ; human beings are doing the same in many country parishea . The Governor is doing all he can , but there is no food , and people cannot eat basalt ; luerffjs money to pay for com and bread-stuffs ; any shipowner would find immediate sale for his freight . J'he cause of the present scareitv is the diversion o . the customary supplies in Sardinian and Greek bottoi" * ' from the Mediterranean ports , to meet the duma ' 0 " France and England . A similar

      drain on Amer . ' ^ . witnnolds the hitherto almost monthly arrivals o . * Hour and grain from her ports . " ^ Issiixcr of Bird . ^ 'T " hen the lapwing wants to procure food it seeks . w ¦ worms nest , and stamps the ground by the side w it with its feet , after the manner of boys in order to ' procure worms for fishing , After doing this for a short time , the bird waits for the issued the worm from the bole , wko , alarmed at the shaking of the ground , endfc > ° urs to make its escape , when he is immediately ae ^ d and becomes the prey of this ingenious bird . Fall in the Prick of Bread . —Tli . OB | iioufc the metropolis on Saturday a reductien of \\ } w «_ made in the price ot bread both of the first a id ^ ° ^ quality . A corresponding reduction was Ot «* W <« also made in the priced flour , 4 c .

      Untitled Article

      EMIGRATION TO TEXAS . We have received through Mr Stallwood ( a somewhat roundabout way of reaching the " Editor of the Northern Star" ) another communication from Mr Rowed , manager of the British Mutual Emigralion Association . Mr Rowed hag not one word to say in reply to the Lord Mayor , but merely labours to show that the bad character given to Texas ' on the scare of climate , Ac , is not deserved , lie shall speak for himself : — DEFENCE OP 1 KB -CLIMATE . & 0 . OF TKXAS .-I am pttMicly b ? snilert without inquiry or investigation into the utility of my p lans of emigration , by bcr Majesty ' s Commissioners for-Emigration issuing a notice or caution to rmigrants uoinic 10 Texas , asserting that i ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦¦ . iff ______ .. ^^_ _ l . * . . _ *¦ & ***«* * ^*

      country and climate to . be unhealthy , at the instigation ofLjnn , a storekeeper and vice consul , and a small clique of persons residing at Galveston , who are jealous and inim eal to British subject * going into Texas ; whereas I maintain that Western Texas is a very salubrious climate , and suitable to the European constitution , a . l travellers and writers concurring tlwr ^ in , particularly her Majesty ' s present consul at TVxhs { who is now at Paris ) , Wm . Kennedy , Esq ., in bis work on Texas , states asfoUowai—Vol . I , p 05 . The climate of Texas , the most southernlj part of which lies withiutwo degrees and a half of the tropic , is as various iw the productive qualities of the soil , ami is , perhaps , on the whole , superior to that of any other portion of North America ,

      Again , p . 67 . The greater portion of this beautiful tc gion , which has obtained fur Texas the name of the " Italy of America , " is blessed with a temperature delightful to the sense and favourabl . ¦ t > life . Again , p . 73 . To the swarms of medical practitioners thnt yearly issue from tbe universities of Europe , Texas offers butlittle encouragement as a field of professional speculation . There is no malady that can property be culied endemic , and the febrile diseases which usuall y afflict early settlers are of a mild tjpe , completely within the control of medicine , nnd generally to be avoided by the observance of a few simple rules of Hring . Again , p . 74 . In the opinion of respectable medical men , a residence in this country would be as favourable to persons of a consumptive tendency as the South of

      Europe or Madeira . The towns immediately on the coast , and within the range of the trade winds , are healthy . The district comprehended in the mountain department of Bexar is < j ( remaikaMc ea \\ iV \ vy , it l-ately freezes in winter , aud i « summer the heat seldom exceeds 85 degrees . The water is delicious , and the sky rarely clouded , and the breezes as exhilarating as champagne and far more invigorating . Many persons residing in the vicinity of St . Antonio have attained the patriarchal term of 100 years , in full p « ssesrion of health . When the commissioners appointed t- > select the sent of government of the rtpublic tisited B . istrop , on the Colorado , they were , in proof of its salubrity , shown the Krave-yard 8 of the town , which had no more than eleven

      tenants , although the place had been settled seven years , and comprised a population of several hundred souls . Again , p . 76 . The healthiness of the climate I conceive does not admit of a doubt . 1 speak both from information derived from others , and from personal experience , which ha « been considerable . ! Mr Rowed next gives certain statements and calculations professing to show the advantages of ; Emigration to Texas ; but , for this part of Mr ; R . s communication we must refer the curious in . such matters to the " Association ' s" prospectus , which has bsen plentifully distributed through the country . Mr R . thus concludes : —

      - , If an inquiry was set on foot into the comprehensive plau of emigration formed by me , no doubt exists in my min 1 that the result of the investigation of my vi * ws and plans ' , and the salubrity of the clinvitc of Texas , , will appear well-founded , . md bas < d on the principles of philanthrory nnd truth , and will prove her Majesty ' s , consul , and all other writers on the climate of Western . Texas , are erroneous , or the depuiy ( storekeeper ) consul t is wrong , by the means of whose falne and erroneous , statements , if allowed to be publicly issued forth and ; stand without being contradicted , will tend very mate-_ rially to injure me in my business as a merchant and . shipper . Hiciurd Rowed .

      i Mr Rowed has also favoured us with a pamphlet entitled . " An Account of Texas ; with Instructions for Emigrants . By John Adamson . " Wecullafew ot the hrauties thereof : — No person can for a moment doubt the salubrity of the climate of Texas . Strangers , indued , have complBined of the droughtiness of the weather ; but they have not considered that tbe heavy dews prevent the necessity for rain ; besides , the land is so retentive in moisture , that the plants thrive even in the hottest srasen . February is the only winter month , and so gentle is it , that snow is rarely to be seen , and ice only when the north wind blows . The thermometer falls in winter to about tixty degrees , nnd in summer rarely rises so high as from eighty to ninety degrees . This mildness of the seasons can be easily accounted for—the immense Gulph of Mexico washes the coast , giving out in winter , and receWing it in summer . In the sultry months , winds from the south constantly prevail , which , by tempering the warmth of the sun , render it truly n freshing .

      On arriving in Texas , the emigrant is sure of a comfortable home and a healthy climate . An industrious , sober man , after a few years' residence , will ba worth many thousand dollars ; this is the present conditiou of all that class of persons . The settler in a cold northern latitude ( wherr , perhaps , foreign intercourse is suspended on account of ice during six months in the year ) , has te labour during the summer iu making hay for his cattle ia winter ; not so » this genial climate , where Jhture spontaneously produces a perennial harvest . * * * Scotch kale , Lapland turnips , drumhead cabbage , and celery , will grow all tbe wint v . Chickens are batched every week in the year ; thoy never require to be fedthpy find themselves . You can have roasting pigs every day , and as much venison , turtle , game , and fish , as you feel inclined to partake of , which , of course , saves much bread .

      The poorestperson in Texas , in 1843 , was in possession of land to the extent of 610 acres . When in Texas , I have often seen emigrants offered , gratis , C 40 acre * of land , ' by rich proprietors , with the intention of getting good neighbours—and further , in the hope of making their own lands more valuable . Since I left Texas , thousands of the Americans from the Uetv England States have emigrated south , to that flue country . After seeing Texas , they return home and positively sell their parental estates for often lets than half their intrinsic value . * * * When you are settled in Texas , if you find any cattle , horses , mules , or hog » , Straying in your neighbourhood without a brand , if you catch them and brand them , they become your property . Such is the law of Texns . People never think of locking up their houses in Texas , or any tools or implements of husbandry for there is nothing stolen there .

      Young females of respectability and character would marry most eligibly in that country . I had a nutnbtr of commissions from gentlemen of fortune to bring out , if I could persuade them , ladies of good moral character , either English or Scotch . Thtro is a great lack ol ladies there . Married or unmarried females going to that country require to be very circumspect in their deportment , as the American ladies are very particuhr and vetived in their manners ; and strange ladies require to be verv cautious , *

      All who may want to know more of this blessed land may learn thereof by consulting the pamphlet for Uiemstlves , " printed by J . Eames , 7 , Tavistockstreet , Covent-gavden , 1839 ; and reprinted by M . Billiiiff , 75 and 70 , NewhuH-street ; Birmingham , 1847 . " Thus much for the advocates of Texas . Messrs Rowed , Kennedy , and Adamson , assure us that Texas is a second " Italy , " the diseases which usually afflict early settlers " are of a mild type ;" that it would be a capital place to cure consumptive people ; that the Texans , like Barnaby Rudge ' s raven " never say die , " or , to say the least , live to the patriarchal age of 100 years ; that the Mexican

      Gulph is very accommodating , " giving out heat in winter and receiving it in summer ; " that harvests go i ahe id on their own account , and comfortable homes ' and thousands of dollars may be had if folks will only i go after them ; that " roasting pigs" almost go about ' crying , " Who'll eat me , who'll eat me ? " that New i Lnglanders , once they have had a sight of Texas ,: cut away from tht-ir paternal estates , glad to fcet rid j ot them for " less than half their intrinsic value" ! ( imagine a genuine Yankee selling anything at '' hall ' - nrice ! " ); and , lastly , that Texas is a very paradise for ladies wanting husbands , only they must adopt the Yankee virtue of decorum ; they may be what they will , but if they would " git along" they mustspe . ni tfi he >

      The wisest , virluousest , dlscreelest , best . What a glorious chance for the women \ Having fairly stated the case of the defendants , we shall , in our next , proceed with extracts from Mr Hooten ' s " Rides , Rambles , and Sketches . "

      Untitled Article

      OPERATIVE BAKERS' EARLY CLOSING SOCIETY . A . public meeting of this society , which has for its object the diminution of the hours of labour of the journeymen bakers , and the abolition of night-work as far as practicable , was held at the Crown and Anchor Tavern , Strand , on Saturday evening . The chair was occupied by Lord Robert Grosvenor , aud around him on the piatform we observed the Rev . Dr Archer , Captain Moughton , R . N ., Mr Charles Cochrane , Mr Richard Oastler , Mr Watson , baker , Fleet-street , Mr Cooper , Northumberland-street , Mr Montgomery , and several <> th « r Blaster bikers , who seemed to take considerable mtere !> t in the proceedinus . The hall was crowded to tbe doors , and the ' greatest enthusiasm was evinced in the tut'tlitfance of the objects tUe meeting way convened to advocate . —— - -. —— ii i-. ; .. in . ^^ ^_ - _ m . . . _ _ _____ __^ .. ^ . ^ w ^ _*^ < r _ *^ _*^ ^ k * _^_

      The Chairman , in opening the proceedings , stated tlrat as tho meeting was i > rincipu ! ly of a business nature . he would not trouble them with a long speech . That was but a dull business at bust , and he believed the journeyman bakers had too many predisposing causes to put them'tosleep , apart from the infliction of along speech upon them . { Cheer . ' . ) Itwas usually the case , that in opening the proceedings of a meeting such as the prefkkt the Chairman had to read letters of apo ! o « y from several gentlemen who had b ^ en invited but could nu t attend , lie had none ol these , although lie believed tlie secretary had sevtral . lie would , however , read a leUer which h » d been addressed to himself on the subject , and to the contents of which he requested the attention of the

      meetinir . The Noble L'u-d then read a letter , which was signed "Justith , " and in which the writer stated that he had always enmidered ) iis lord « hip a man of sound sense , but seeing hi * name attached to the bill calling the present meeting , he had bjen compelled to forego that opinion . What right Imd his lordship to mix himself up with ? uch a party ? It was said that the aristocracy were fast losing their power , and by taking part in such agitations as thef e his lordship wjik dnitifs all in hi > power to hasten their downfall . The journeymen bakm were not worse off than other * . The House of Commons ienerally wvt to very late hour 3 . Travelling by railway was of every night occurrence . Her Majesty kept late hours , and prevented her servants from

      gettim ; to bed eirly . ¦ Even his lordship himself kept his servants up after ten o ' clock ; and why , then , should he presume to interfere wklr tbe pursuits of the journeymen bakers ? The reading of the letter occasioned much laughter . On concluding it , the noble lord said that though his servants might be kept uy > till alter ten o ' cloclt , they were allowed always to go to church on the Sundays , and take a walk in the atternaon if they chose —( cheers )—privileges which were denied the journeymen bakers . ( Hear . ) A 9 to night travelling on railways , no doubt that was the case , but those parties engaged during the night had sufficient time allowed them for sleep in the day time —( cheers)—and therefore they had nothing to complain nf . jle did not

      like to enter into an excuse ' or Majesty , but if her Majesty ' s household were inquired into , he believed that it would be found , in the respect he alluded to , much the same k * his own . ( Hear , hear . ) But Irom the manner in which the sentiments contained in this letter had been received by the meeting , he took it for granted that it did not concur in what it stated , and he would ret ' er no more to it . All he could say was , that upon this , nor upon any other occasion had he put himself f- rward in agitations of this nature . After a week 6 f business , he confesfel that he would have liked t \> be in the heart oi his own family at Brighton ; but having been called upon in the most respectful manner , by a deputation from the journeymen bikers to preside at their meeting , and when

      told that seven 0 cti'ck on Saturday evening was the only time , \ i which they conld assemble , he at once consented ; and he now considered that in doing so his time was well spent . ( Loud cheer !! . ) The noble lord then alluded to several evils to which the journeymen bakers were subjected . It was curious how long an evil might exist -n this country bet ' ote it was attempted to be remeilicil ; but such wss tho neverending , still-recurring system of business here , that even when men saw the bad effects of these , they shrunk from their redress with despair , and it was not until they avri ? ed at such a pitch as to become unendurable , and were in consequence fully laid before the public , that they vanished and faded away . In regard to the question now before them , there

      were u : > on the horizon many objects which gave s > ure indication of its arriving at a happy consummation . ( Hear , hear . ) The journeymen bakers had said thai the evils of which they complained could not be attributed to their employ rs , but were avecea-ary consequence of the system which had been allowed to grow up , and there wtro upon the platform many roaster bakers who could attest that to be the case . It was not , in fact , denial bv anybody , for the system bore nearly ns bad on the masters as on the meii . He could not help adverting to another circumstance which he had heard stated at early-closing meetings held in Uanover-tqiia e nnd at the Hail of Commerce . It was there stattd that journeymen bakers worked from eighteen to twenty hours out of the

      twenty-four . Jhat he ciuld scarcely credit , and to test it , he paid a visit to sever . il of the master bakers , all of them . peop ' e to whom he was not kitown , and it was impossible to conevivc a better spirit than that in which he was received by them . ( Hear , near . ) They all deprecated the . sysum , and stated that they weve ashamed to employ men in the manner it obliged them to do . One of them , who had three son ? , stated such was his abhorrence of the system , that rather than let them become journeymen bakers , he would sec them hanged at Newgate . ( Loud cheers . ) But it had . been said it was no use doing anything for the good of such men , for they were brutish and drunken , and everything that wai bad . ( A voice , 1 So they are . " ) They aye , are they ? said the noble lord , but let those who said so consider that out of

      the 9 , 003 journeymen bakers of London , not above 1 , 000 of them could attend any place of worship , and then say how they could expect that individuals trained in such a manner as these bakers were , denied all social , moral , domestic , and religious comfort , could be otherwise than brutified from being subjected to such treatment . ( Loudcheers . ) It had been said in another place that the labouring classes had only to labour , to toil , auil to die ; but he repudiated any such doctrine . Die they must ; but in the raidst of their labour and their toil , time ought to be allowed them to cultivate their belter feelings and faculties , and in consequence life might be extended to a longer period . Let this excessive system of toil be done away with , and the best consequences would ensue . The noble lord resumed his scat amid loud cheers .

      Mr . Reid , the secretary of the society , then moved the first resolution , which was to the cnVct , that the system of night work and unlimited hours of labour was destructive of the health , morals , and mental development of the men employed in bread baking , and that it also deprived them of all domestic comfort , necessary rest , and rational recreation , so conducive to the well-being of all men . In support oi the resolution , Mr lleid stated that av ; wo Conner period bad their cause looked so prosperous as at present . In Ireland , England , and Scotland the greatest efforts were made to get their hours shortened . In Scotland , in tact , they had been successful ; and he read letters from Edinburgh , Dunfcrmline , anci ether towns in that country , showing the good

      which had resulted from the change . Mr Reid read a letter from Lord John Manners , apologising for non-atteiulanee , and expressing his willingness to become a vice-president os their society . Mr Williams , a journeyman baker , seconded the resolution , nnd detailed a number of grievances his class laboured under . Not one journeyman baker out of twenty were married men , the reason being that the masters would nut employ mayricd men , and that was a source of much evil to society . lie had himself worked irom s < -ven o ' clock on Saturday night io the same houi' on Sunday nkht , and then , again , from two o clock on Monday till the Wednesday folfowing , without ever bring in bed ; and that he considered a system to which no man ought to be

      subjected It might be astonishing how these bakers got men , but there was a practice among tlicm that , say in Devonshire , when the apprenticeship of a young man expired there , he was laid , hold of by parties , and sent oft'to London at lls . a week ; and lie knew one of these , who was with a baker in the West-end , and who told him that he only got two nights ' sleep during the week . ( Ilear . ) The Rev . Mr Arciier supported the resolution . In the course of his ministry here he had had in his congregation numbers ot bakers , many of whom had gone to an earl y grave in consequence of tho system they were subjected to . So far as regarded the raaatcv bakeis they were nearly as much subjected to the evils of the system as the journeymen , and wished it abolished . As an instance of its evil tendencies

      he was told that not a single life insurance company in London would insure the life ot a journeyman baker . They wauld insure the life of ungodly prodigal men , but those of journeymen bakers they would not . ( Hear , hear . ) Their cause was a goad one , and no doubt it would succeed . ( Loud cheers . ) The resolution was then unanimously agreed to . Mr Charles Cochr&xe , who was loudly cheered in moving the next resolution , stated that he did so with mixed feelings of pain &nd pleasure . Of pain , because there was such indisputable evidence of the oppression to which journeymen bakers were subjected—but ol pleasure , because while suffering in large numbers , they were ready to rallv in such Wire

      numbers as he now saw before him , and make a bold attempt to do away with the evil . ( Cheers . ) When such combinations as that which had been formed in the preaont case were carried out with temperance and perseverance , there was no doubtof the wife they aimed at being speedily remedied . For his own part , ue could not see the justice of people in this country contributing so lhrgely for the benefit of the Hindoos , and other foreign missionary objects , while at tho same time a large number of the people of this country were allowed to remain in slavery . Who was there that would like to endure what these journeymen bakers did ? They had , as was already stated , to work from eighteen to twenty hours a day , and he « jtt » iatiiined , tM wwe their hours of labour reduce

      Untitled Article

      one-half . and proper rest allow ^ he ^ T ^ S m 5 i moro work tlia " they do at nr «!» l » J Woi » l 4 puzzled him was , when these peopSR "' " Wl > t nil ; tor after work me all nieht in « k ny t e « t at dnri » the day . theyLd to fo ^ Sffi ^ « S and the masters , who thought iff ! J } ' }> btcii might send them from the New-road Xi ma gate or GmM ( CheersiRSfc J ° K * over , when they did get to sleep , theWS More * the immediate vicinity of t he oven anrl . * <> to most injurious to their health . No »„„ , ? ons < l « ently no insurance company would insure S fhen that system under which they laboured wa « , i ** TJ" the country , and ought to be done a ' wav » Ji race to he would conclude by moving— "'fliat , . 1 ; and system of night . work and tho unHm £ J ' , *«*»* labwresactpdfromihf / nen wasthe ^ n ., h " s of erils they had to endure , a , well iff , ? * ofa | l the ^ " ^ T ?^ 0 " ^ ! « istcd in tbe & ° / the uituio 111 _ . " *^~~ . 1 1 ^^^^^^^________ ,

      . uc uscu ruuuix me Hours of lab e » ery hours a . lay . including time for meals , and tn ? l ^ wnh nurht-work as far as practicable" flOi * Way Mr lllCHAHD Oastlek , who was rcceivp , l - il enthusiasm , secouded the resolution \ n , - h fi'eat stated that it afforded him much BMtifi ™ , ' llng lo h « one of England ' s aristocracy " conn , ; P tft see ( Cheers . ) lie had been labourinTK 8 tbo chair - try to bring about a reconciliati on w »» Hnjr \ em to tocwyand the working classes and in ! 1 . * " *• a meeting as the present amongst hil ™ T * Yorkshire , and if they saw Lord Robert r ! 0 JS in the chair , they woul . l at once s .-. y " the nM | - "'T succeeded at last . " ( Loud cheers ) And I ? L '" has ciliation having taken place he hoped n 02 i rec 0 J 1 " son won d step in and whisper either " nt ? S dle per one of the party or the other , so as to po 8 ^ ear to cause jealousness to arise between thiS "" He could prove it from the testimony ofnml Ml 1 ° * that to work a man more than ten hours a . 11 meD » kill him but here they hud ' mt suljec ! # » for twenty and twentv-twn hnn » «* li ..:. , ° ^ k

      „ Jo ur , and he wanted to know why intoidWSR Christian country like this , should be SuS f * suchasystern , and hear nothing from the t me ill came into the world un il they went out of J l / t work , work , work ? There were other and hii purposes -or which they were intended . TheiC several rehnons and domestic duties they had to S form : but how could men se situated do so ? Tnei was a present much talk of educating tl » peep ? 1 'S ? "l « J t 0 tl 10 JouVrTevman b k » whether the State did so or whether ' others did i ? for he could not avail him * If of it ? ' He w asVaa that this state ot matters was attracting attention M ?!? " ? " »» . ' lay PreeediDg . tho B » W r HMw ai at the

      ^ uuuon a meeting London tavern ii , favour of he G overnment education scheme « 8 that whi e they advocated the extension of eduit on they could not overlook thr sad state of 3 & in which many in large towns were placed 3 & '' they must remove this obstacle to their haShT before hey operated on their ignorance cC Away then , with their education question untP tl ^ gave the people time to be educated , lie " hid t ? been engaged ia eff cting this , so far a , factorv < Z ^ s = ti ^^ jbs £ S ^ p ^ i srdr ^ i ^ tat began touitale u ,., t , ™« ion h «« a . 2 « l . ti

      « s ^? c&r ' »«' * Mr Watson .-i master baker , who stated that he had already ab ufrhMl Snn-lay work , and that the best results had followed his doin K SO , supported the resolution , which was then cordially adopted . Mr Man , secretary of the Early Closing Asjocia . tion , then moved n resolution laudatory of the exertions of the Committee of the Societv . and nleonirm

      tne meeting to give them every assistance , as well as pecuumry means as by personal co-operation , which *»» seconded b y Mr Tarlxos and carried unani . mousiy . A cordial vote of thanks was then passed to the Sock " ' tU < 5 raeetir B broko U at eleT « n The society received ai ^ acquisition of upwards ot one hundred members during the evening , and the funds wore also materially increased . Lord Robert Grosvenor , M . P ., having 6 ub ; ciibed W . ; Charles Cochrane , Esq ., £ 3 3 i . ) and upwards ot ten guineas in addition thereto was collected in the room and at the doors . "" . ei an

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      JcblClAL ExrEMEXCE AND ARIST 0 CRAT 1 C IJOXOUR . — At the Bail Court an action was brought by W . Lewi ? , an attorney , against a son of Sir Jukes CJif . ton , to receive the sum of £ 320 , the amount ot a bill of exchange . The defence was , that at the time the bill was accepted tke defendant was a minor . Mr Watson , Q . C . and Mr UugRins , appeared for tV . e plaintiff , and Mr Crowder , Q . C . for the defendant . Mr Cronrder said , as the affirmation of proof respecting the defendant ' s being a minor lay with him , it was his duty to betfn . The Learned Counsel said the plaintiff in this c&ae was an attorney , and he believed discounted bills to a considerable extent . The defendant , for whom he appeared , was a voucc

      man under 21 years of age , son of Sir Jukes Clifton , Bart . 1 here was no dispute as to the handwriting ofthedciendant ; but as His father had already paid upwarci 6 of £ 25 , 000 for iiim , it was thought right to plead iufancy , as he bad been led into temptation ; in short , frightened into accepting bills of large amounts : these particulars , however , he would not then enter into , as the only question at issue was the plea of infancy . Sir Jukes Clifton , Bart , was then called . —He said , I reside near Nottingham ; the defendant is my son ; he was born on the 24 th of December , 1820 . Cross-examined by Mr Watson , — I have only one son . 1 cannot exactly recollect the year in which I was married—whether it was before the commencement of the present eentnrv nr nnt . \ fv

      son has neve- been in the army or navy , or followed any profession . I am sorry to say he has been very fond of sporting and racing . I have been with him at hpsom and other racos . I have seen him ride a steeple-chase at Nottingham : that was about two years since . 1 dn not know whether he betted large sums on that occasion or not . Mr Watson—I believe , Sir 3 ukes , very large bets are made on steeplechases , are they not ? Witness—You know as well all about that as I do . ( Laughther . ) Mr Watson Indced I do not ; for I never saw a steeplechase in my life . Re-examined by Mr Crowdev ; —I allow my son an income of . £ 1 , 000 per year , and keep three horses for liis use . J have paid upwards of £ 30 000 on his account .

      This was tbe whole of tho evidence . Mr Watson addressed the jury for the plaintiff , in a very energetic speech , lie was astonished that such a defence should have been set up ; tbe plea they had to try was the infancy of tin : defendant , and the only witness called was the defendant ' s father , whose memory appeared so treacherous that he could not recollect whether he was married during the present century or not . —( A laugh . ) Why , said the learned counsel , I do not impute any improper motive to Sir Jukes Clifton , but it shows a want of memory in not recollecting the year in which he was married , know well ( continued Mr W . ) the year in whicti I became a married man . —( Laughter , in which tbe " ourt joined . ) I see his lordship shakes his head .-( A laugh . ) Mr Justice Coleridge . —No , I was only commiserating . —( A laugh . ) Mr Watson .-I do rot rv quire it , for I can assure your lordship it was the

      happiest day of my life . —( A laugh ) Mr Justice Coleridge . —f thought you appeared to have some particular recollection of tho event . —( A laugh . ) After some observations relating to a " plea of intancy , " the learned counsel said he thought that it had not been satisfactorily established in this case , and he was of opinion that , as the money bad been received by the defendants , it would have been lis best and wisest policy to have repaid it , and vsA have defended this action . Mr Justice Coleridge said the only question for the jury to decide was , whether the defendant was under the a « eoi' 2 ! at tbe time he accepted the bill , or not . If they believed the testimony of his father , and he saw no reason whatever to doubt it , they would not be led away by any remarks of the teamed , counsel for the ) laintiff , but return a verdict for the defendant . The juvy returned a verdict for the defendant . rftfc

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      Our LiBEnAL Government —By the Civil List p i ! * J \ ca P > ifc « s provided that the sum ot tl , 20 i ) shall be nearly set apart for pensions ; that this sum shall be appropriated conlormably to tbe resolution tit the House of Commons , of February , ISM , ( see p . 1 M ) , ) namely , to such persons only as have jnut claims on the royal beneficence ; or who , by their personal services to the crown—by the performance ot duties to the public—or by their useful discoveries in science , or attainments in literature and the arts , have merited the gracious consideration of their sovereign , and the gratitude of their country ; and an account of such pensions shall be annually laid before parliament . It is not easy to comprehend the

      exact fitness and import of this imposing annouRoo raent , in almost tke first imperial act after her Majesty ' s accession . The objects set forth to be rewarded and encouraged are certainly deserving of all honour , and justly merit a nation ' s gratitude ; but then the disproportion between the magnitude of these ends * and the sum set apart for their attainment , is iffl ' mense . Surely £ 1 , 200 per annum could hardly have been deemed adequate to the purpose by any sane legislature . The discrepancy between preamble and conclusion reminds us of the . fellqw in Constantinople , who went about the street , crying , in a loud voice , In the name of the prophet , ^* . '"—Mad : Book oJ England *

      The working classes met at Halifax , Yorkshire » on Friday , in immense numbirs , aid a resolution > favour of the government ei ucation scheme w » s carried by a majority of three to one . Dean Swift ' s snuff-box ia announced for snle a * Bristol .

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      DrSouthwood Smith . —At last , it is probable this gentleman ' s emineut services are about being properly valued ; and the cause he has for so many years zealously laboured to promote—the sanitary improvement of tke humble and the horrible dwellings of this dense city—will , we trust , be effected in Dr Smith ' promotion , as the head of the great sanitary reform propounded by Lord Morpeth . A recognition of the inestimable services of a man who has sacrificed health , practice and exertion during the last 15 years , richly deserve advancement ; and we feel Lord Morpeth—should his bill be made law—will not be slow in awarding justice to Dr Smith and his coadjutors . " Where is your father ? " said an angry master to the son of his habitually tippling domestic . " He is down stairs , sir , " said the boy . " Getting drunk , ] suppose ? " "No , . sir , he aint . " " What then ?" " Getting sober , sir . "

      One reason which induces us to support the Ten Hours' Bill is , that . the faotery girls will then have time to garter their stockings in a morning , instead of having so frequently to draq th « a up 1 ft fas pub-Jic BtosetS . —Amman Paper .

      Jutoantj %&Lt;&M Xntcllfowia,

      JUtoantj % < &m Xntcllfowia ,

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      2 . THE NORTeERN STAR . _________ April 24 i ^» I N ¦ . ¦ _ _ -JilLJLL— - — - — —— i !_ .. . . _ .. " ** 1 C 47 . - ' A ^ i MM ^ tb £ t ^^ 1 m J ^? CJ L . V A Hrf ^^ r 1 W Ir ^ # 9 fc ^ ^ % ¦ TI 1 8

      ¦A _._* •» Tub Concealed Cause Of Coss Tltutlojial Vjl Icqclrbd Ebhiltles Of The Generative Iysteh.

      ¦ A _ . _* •» TUB CONCEALED CAUSE OF COSS TlTUTlOJiAL VJl iCQClRBD EBHilTlES OF THE GENERATIVE iYSTEH .

      , . , ^ . ^ . _ ^^ ^ ^ ~^_ ^ * ** ^«*** - Aa ^_ National Education And Govermenti Education.

      , . , ^ . ^ . _ ^^ ^ ^ ~^_ ^ * ** ^«*** - aa ^_ NATIONAL EDUCATION AND GOVERMENTi EDUCATION .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), April 24, 1847, page 2, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1415/page/2/