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Northern Star (1837-1852), 30th January 1847, Edition 1 of 3, Page unpag, Untitled Article

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    • imptnai ffmrcmitig.
    • 0 THE MEMBERS OP THE CHARTIST COOPERATIVE LAND COMPANY.
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      Untitled Article

      besides the seed , which is the finest thing you could have for your new calved cows . I allow your Jiives of honey to wei gh 52 pounds each , and your ducks to lay 3 days in the week , SUNDAYS INCLUDED , as my ducks never made any difference , and my cows gave milk , hut my horses DID'NT WORK AND ATE . I allow each raau to keep a donkey , which he would find useful , and could easily feed upon what the cows left , and pickings about the door , and be fat ; he would earn besides the seed , which is the finest thine vou could

      two rents if you fed him well . I leave 2 cows , 6 pigs , a donkey , 6 ducks , and a drake , with the family , to supply manure ; and two ton of hay brought to th * .. f atm , ami an acre of wheat straw , a * id the renz * " " why I give the potatoes to cows and pigs , and lose by them is , because , only for the cows and pigs , I could not have them at all . You should consume all you could upon the farm . Of all things you must bear in mind that not a weed will ever be seen in the Laud , and that every plant will have the OWNER'S watchful eve over it and that the usual mode of culture

      bears no more comparison to what your ' s will be , than an uneducated person does to a good scholar . Now , I have shown you 17 shillings worth of food at wholesale price and good , and for which you would pay 22 shillings and more , and not so good , in the retail market , besides going for it ; and I have shown you a profit of £ 44 after THAT LIVING and house rent , for 157 days work . And now I will show you how much I am under the mark , even according to the old system . For instance , a farmer rents , sav 100 acres , and emplovs

      three men , and more in harvest . Well , all the riches he has in the world , and payment of interest for his capital , aud losses , and risk , and amusement , and support , and education of family , all comes out of these three workmen ' s labour—nothing else . If 1 had not been asked to deal rudely with the subject , I should have shown the facility with which more , much more , than twice as much , may be made of 3 acres . With th « means 1 propose of making manure , together with parings of walks and a trench , here and there burned for ashes , your 3 acres would be like a

      dung-hill . Now to make all simple , I will deduct £ 14 from the £ 44 profit , aud leave it at £ 30 a year after living , and we come to the conclusion that in seven years , a man from 157 days' work a year , would realize £ 210 ; and we presume his rent of 3 acres and a house to be £ 10 a year , and that the company is bound to sell at 20 years' purchase ; anil thus I show that , without stint , the occupant caii

      purchase his allotment for ever , and £ 10 over in seven years . Now until he purchases his allotment , he will not expend £ 31 a year on clothes , hay , and fuel ; nor will he consume what I have allowed ; so that I now repeat what I have many times s < ated , that in four yea's from the day of taking possession—allowing thefirst yearfor thought and shaking down—that the merest foal will pay for 2 , 3 , or 4 acres of ground on the companv ' s terms , but not IF DEALING IN

      THE RETAIL MARKET , NOR YET IN 10 lEAUSThe poet says - — " Fnols till they grow saser , Back their oniniona with a wager . " However , I now offer to bet John Bri ght , the Whistler , or any man living , £ 500 , and to stake the CASH , that in the next four years I will do what I have here written , with three acres of this laud or of Herringsgate , at the Company ' s rent , and the same with any estate 1 purchase . That is , I will stake , at a week ' s notice , £ 500 , with anv man or men ,

      that , in four years from taking possession of three acres of the Land Company ' s land , I will support five people , or give to a family precisely the weekl y allowance I have stated , and will , from the profits on labour , after such deductions for living , clothins , fuel , soap , candles , and other things , pay in four years the whole purchase money of the said three acres ; and I will take £ 1000 to £ 500 , that I do it in three years , and even less . But , to put all beyond dispute , I will try , and all who are

      neighbours shall bear witness of the fair mode of dealing ; and , as I mean to purchase an allotment , I will keep a critical and exact account , and will purchase it out in less than three years , and what I can do in three , others may do in seven . However , it is worth Uright ' s consideration to win £ 500 these bad times , and if that is not enough , I will get a few friend * to back me for as many thousands . But how ridiculotu to think of fellows talking about the land that know no more about it than the crow that flies over it . Your answer to them must alwavs

      be—WELL , WHO MAKES FORTUNES FOR FARMERS , AND PAYS ALL THEIR RENTS , AND ALL TflE REST OF IT . I NEVER EXPECTED THE BLOOD-SUCKERS WOULD LIKE THE NATURAL STATE OF MAN . Your faithful friend and bailiff , Feargus O'Connor .

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      My < Hr Friends , A peisoa who si gns himself a " Well-wisher and a : ypke'l >< r of Plymouth , " writes me a very respectiii ami encouraging letter , in which he states , " that fi that is required to ctmviuce him , and many of his rliss , of the practicability of the Land Plan , is the Kant of some clear and simple information , as to the ^ ability of occupants of so small a quantity as tven ' . four acres to live aud pay rent ; and he adds ¦ if this subject is not beneath your consideration , prtoa complicated for dissection , your answer will

      [ know , \) t hailed by thousands , who are now douht-[ ui ution this point only . " The subject is neither beneath my consideration nor is it too comp licated for dissection , aud the question being put , I will write you a letter that neither the Whistler , tht Devil , nor Doctor Faustus can . or ever will , answer . I will take three acres for consideration , that being the mean ; and what I sla ts three acres will do , two will do , as I am going » p lace it before you in the roughest aspect of tuAandry , stating the lowest price for produce to be sold , and the most extravagant for outgoings . My statement shall be just as simple as my friend , cr the most ignorant of the subject , could desire or

      Uve . — Kisresmus of thbbe acbes . IN . tatees * ' J ' W «* - • ' l " 0 liopprd WJtu caobages , mangel wuriKl , turnips , tares , clover , andfl * x 0 gj Kitclieu-garden ... ... a oj Acres 3 o Prod are of acre of potatoes 15 tons . „ „ Wheki ; " 800 stones . For crowing stuff for Cows ... 2 J roods . ForFIa 1 rood . For hiteken-gaufcn ... ... } a rood . DISPOSAL OF PRODUCE . For Cows—from November to Miroli , 2 tons of potatoes , or nearly ons and a halt stone each , jier < 1 •? . For Family—1 and a half ton of ^ potatoes , or about 0 lbs . per day . Fcr six fatting pigs , from November to March , 8 tons of potatoes , or nearly 2 stone each , per day . Forsa ! e—3 * tons of potatoes . Do . Milk of two Cows . Do . 100 stone of Wheat . D . Produce ol'lofanacre o ^ fl ax , poandetl , scutched , beck led , and spun by the family , daring the winter . Fur sale—i Bacon pigs in March . I PRICES Or FBODUCB . £ . e . d . I Miik it 2 Cows , at S quarts a-I daj tacli , 16 quarts , as lid . I per quart 3 « io 0 I i Bacoa Pigs in March ... 20 0 0 I 100 st . of Wheat , at li . 6 i . I persttne ? 10 0 I 3 ani a hUf tons of potatoes , I at Cd . ner stone ... ... 14 0 0 I Pries < -f i of an acre of flax , I span 12 10 0 I Fruit and Vegetables ... 5 0 0 I £ 9 A

      I Produce reserved for family ' s consumption : — 2 Bacon Pigs , 3 cwt . each ... Gcwt . 1 ; ton "f Potatoes . 100 stone of Wheat . Produce of 6 Docks . Frait and Vegetables . 2 llivesof Honey , 9 Annual allowance reduced to weekly consumption 14 pounds of Bacon . a li stone of Flimr . 4 i < tone of Potatoes . I 20 Dnck Eg CT . 2 pounds of Honey . I Fruit and Vegetables . AX . NCAL EXPENDITURE . Rent Rates , and Taxes ... £ 13 10 0 T « i > Tons of best Hay for Cows irom December to March ... 8 0 0 Clothing Man , Wife , and 3 Children - 15 0 0 rue ! , Soap , and Candies ... 8 0 0 Repairing Implements ... 10 0 Six Pigs in May COO 1 51 10 0

      £ . s . d . From price of produce ... 95 10 0 * Deduct expenditure 51 10 0 And there remains , after consumption , £ 44 ^ er ttautn , after the best of good living . I will now esiimate lowly the value of the allowances for livine weekly— s . d . 141 b . of bacon , the best at CJ . perlb 7 0 14 store of flour at 2 * . Gd . ... 3 9 i \ store of potatoes at 6 d . per stone ... ... ... 2 3 20 Duck eggs 1 6 Sib . ofheney ... ... 1 C Fruit and vegetables ... 1 0 17 ~~ 0 I This does not include rent , fuel , soap , candles , anil telling . EMPLOTMEXT OF TIME . Piantiug acre ot potatoes ... 24 days I Discing , do 24 " I Dibbling wheat with farei / y ... 8 " I Rcajiins do .... ... ... 4 " I TUreshfagdo 13 " I Putting out manure ... ... 2 " I ' - 'leaning whesiandtakinertomnrjiet 2 " I Preparing ground and sowing flax ... 10 " I Engaged en acre , not under wheat or I pota .-oes , but producing flax , and I nungel wurtzel , cabbages , tares I and turnips , aud in kitchen garden 70 "

      iotal nutrtar of days employed ... 157 " Total amuunt received in living , c . otLing , fuel , candles and bar , ana not including rent of house , for 157 days work , £ 75 12 * ., or nearly I ' . 'i . per day , and not allowing tor each year ' s improvement in the land . ^ 'jw , I have laid down the meanest and rudest ! stem of cultivation . I have allowed ei ght tons of potatoes , worth £ 32 , only to produce £ 24 when given !( j pb . I have allowed £ 8 worth of hay , and £ 8 worth '< £ potatoes , for two cows , hesides the produce of

      'srly an acre , cropped and recropped iu spring N tummer , for , observe , the flax is sown in Feb W pulled iu June , and clover is sown with it and is ^ locut in a month after the flax is drawn . So Ja t you have two tons of bay , two tons of potatoes , , « wthe produce of nearl y an acre , to feed two cows , i * 7 CoIjben hi « l « OYed , that a quarter of an acre ' 0 feed a cow the whole yearround . I have taken e milk at the price ofiiutter , so cheap that you , aot m *<> get that price in butter or pork . ' I * * il fifteen totu

      . of potatoes , but it is no crop . * Banes , of the Leeds Mercury" states , I think , ^ finytow is a fair crop , but he exaggerates , ^ -My tons is no great crop . I have stated 200 •^ of wheat , while , on middling laud , aud , withjjcate , f have had 240 stones ; you will have 300 j - »* and more , when you watch every plant and j" fallow a weed to grow in it . I have allowed | ^ »? for seed , as every man vriU save his own , and hi ? ' 1 llaTe re « " ^ niended ducks , because , * " a foot hid , will kwi . tlmm ; .. * ... « i »^ .. ^ t

      , lfit , -- x * m * ' " « "vvauar ; ouk ^ VCry had / armers a '" docks are very good tibV i 6 } Wi !! ff >" * ou out to tllP fiel ( 1 an * I - will 61 ' . . l ' J- tIie s ! uSs aml worIDS ail ( 1 never require < : !<* ., * vi 11 liave a 11 tlie sma 11 wIieat r after you : 0 \ v L ° wheat < or sale , to finish off YOUR k '!| ' rj - ^ 1 > iG ^ ' "d you will have twenty stones for JI ' rorn thc 10 ° ^ nne you grind to give those L ^' ifC ! li ' ' « '& . you make butter . You L * " itt r S l « gs in May when milk , cab-| !; w \» ' £ ml ref " iC is l ' Ieuty > and feed them hiu ! , J ' aiul froiu ^ e offal of thehou ^ e till Noh * h M ' ° ' them " P- You wil 1 8 ^ h ' ^ ., fEn < i Set £ 5 each in March , when fat I l ' uiel e much more than £ 12 of your flai

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      " Amen , and yes . " " Are yees , any of you , marriel , or is father ov mother depending on your labour ?" "No . " " Are yees all willing to be drawn , to see who shall shoot the murderer ; af in case he should 1 )>; ( loomed to die ?" "Yes , yes , yes . " " Are you willing to pay the lawful debts and just demands of any that may snifer for the deed ?" "Yes " » Amm , o .,,, « »

      " Have you all made your" sowls and made open confession of all your sins ?" 41 Yes . " " Do you all pledee yourselves never to split or inform V "YES , YES , YES . " " Are you prepared now , to hear the evidence of the uncle of the deceased , that see the act , and can tell whether the witness swore true before the crowncr , and whether Phclimeen owed the money thatluwas shot for , and whether he was likely to kill them that took his life , af they did kill him , and whether the law would take his life af he was tried . for whit he done ?'*

      " Yes , we re ready . " " Do yees swear , before your God that hears youto do justice between man aud man , according to what yees hear ?" " Yes . " The nncle of the deceased was then called , and , having blessed himself , and declared that he would tell but the honest truth , he proceeded to narrate Hie circumstances connected with the transaction , precisely as detailed to Mr . O'Fanell and me , and of the merits of which the reader is already in

      possession . He was then asked , if , on his oath , Phelimeen threatened to take away any man ' s life , or attempted to harm or hurt any one ? and to all of which in . terrogatories he answered , " No . "

      He was then asked if he knew whether deceased had paid the money he was sued for , and to which he replied , that he was present on one occasion , when Catchpole acknowledged to the whole being paid up . Having heard the whole of the evidence , the judge spoke as follows . " Brothers , you have now heard hew our dear departed kinsman , Phelimeen O'Donnell , came by his death , and what he done to cause them to shoot him ; and yees will consider that vees must answer

      in the last day ( o your Goil , when all is called upon for an account of his actions , to answer for the verdict yees come to to night , and if yees think that deceased would have killed them that took his life , af they didn ' t kill him , yees will say no ; but af yees believe that he was killed from a wish to get his houldine , and because them that killed him knew the law wouldn ' t touch them , then yees will say so

      and yees are not to suffer yourselves to be led astrav because our kinsman died with his sins upon him , ( the Lord have mercy upon his sowl ) , but yees will do justice between man and man , as yees hope one day to expect Justice to be done to yourselves . " An awful pause , of at least five minutes , followed this injunction ; and in the midst of which , to the great horror of my guide and host , I sneezed , but so like a cat , that he was able to lay it on puss .

      The judge now proceeded to ask them if they had agreed to their verdict ? commencing on his left and going through , and upon being answered in the affirmative he then proceeded to put the question in the same form , " Is any one guilty of the murder of the deceased , if so , who ; or did he come by his death lawfully ? " And to which all answered , " Yes . Captain Squeezetenant is guilty of the murder , and deceased did not come by his death lawfully . " The judge then asked , " Do you all say that Captain Squeezetenant unlawfull y took away the life of Phelimeen O'Donnell ?"

      11 Yes . " " And do you doom him to die ?" " Yes , be the laws of God aud man . " The judge then proceeded to break some straws into pieces of nuequa ! length as lots , and having arranged them in his hand , he walked round the table , each drawing a straw and laying it before him , until all were drawn , when the judge proceeded to inspect them , and declared that the lot

      had fallen upon Tim O'Donnell , a first cousin and bosom friend of Phelimeen , he having drawn the Captain , or longest straw . As soon as the announcement was made , Tim jumped on his legs , and said , " Blessed be God it has fallen to my lot to avenge the blood of my friend and cousin , and but I'll be no ways afeared to meet ray Maker when I dies , for Phelimeen was an honest boy as ever lived , and done his duty to the ould people , and never wronged or injured man or baist . "

      " Tim , said a person on the other side of the table , " but I'll give you a two-year old heifer and a collop of sheep . —( six sheep , )—af you'll only give me the privilege of shooting the villain , that turned my poor ould father out of his house and home and then transported him . " " No , " responded Tim , " it never shall be thrown in the teeth of an O'Donnell , that an O'Donnell souW an O'Donnell ' s Wood for all the heifers and sheep in the parish . "

      The ceremony now being over , all took leave ot Tim O'Donnell , kissing and shaking hands with him , and reminding him that the Olympus sailed for America that day fortnight , and that he should liave plenty of means to clear him out of the country , when there came a sudden knocking at the door , followed by the most piteous howling . " Whose there , " asked the man of the house ? " Ogh , for the love of God , open the door , " responded the howl . " What ' s the matter , " continued my host ? " Ogh , wisha , come down , there ' s murder at the cross below . "

      " What ! " ejaculated the voices inside . "Ogh , " rejoined those outside , " come run , conic down to the cross , —sure the polis has took ould O'Donnell . The Lord be merciful to us , —sure he lay in wait behind a ditch , just opposite the polis barracks , and but he shot the Captain as he was going home from the sessions of Skibbereen , and sure the ould man was ' nt able to run , and but , instead of trying to make on " , its what he came and

      stood over the body , calling and bawling out' Phelimeen , it was your father that revenged your blood on the murderer , and but he'll soon be with you in heaven , ' and but sure a mob collected when the polis came up . and when they were for rescuing O'Donnell , but they fired , and the Lord save us , but they says they made a riddle of his body , and there ' s all the Crieff boys and the polis fightiug at the cross , and hut af you don ' t run , but they'll got the better of them . "

      The last announcement had the effect of clearing the house as if by magic , when I descended from my hiding place , and escaping from the hovel , I followed the howl of the women , with mawy others who rushed down the mountain side , until we reached the cross where the mangled body of " The

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      ODonneU'May , surrounded by screaming women and childre * . with scarcel y a tatter of clothes upon them . In the ditch hard by lay the dead body of Captain Sqiieezetenaut , while shots , responded to by terrific cheers and yells , were heard from the adjoining bills where the police barrack was situated , and whither the men had repaired in pursuit of the police , —shot followed shot , and cheer succeeded cheer , until at length the work of demolition being completed , the edifice fell with a terrific cash , burying the inmates and many of the infuriated actors beneath the ruins ; nn . iT . ji . 'i .. . .,-.,.. _ . : \

      a momentary silence followed the crash , when , as if by magic , a blaze of brilliant light burst around the dismal , scene and presmited the most appalling spectacle of myriads of half-naked people dragging the wounded from under the ruins , and / as a friend or relative was discovered , the yell was horrifying aud heart-rending . As I approached the ruins , my former guide , the brother of Mrs . Mahoney , recognized me , and clapping me on the . shoulder , said , "Cotce , follow nie > this is no place for you ; the soldiers will be here in a bit , come , come with me , r *' * ! ^ if y ° U We f 0 Vmd - - » ' 0 > 1 ? arre N might r ^ lTrtpht to-trouble . " . I thought . the advice seasonable and discreet , and followed my guide , who led me in safety to the house of my host , who had not yet returned from bis day ' s labour . I commnnicated all that I had seen and heard to Mrs .

      Mahoiicy , who begged of me not to say a word about it to the priest , or to pretend to know any thing of the matter . I promised secrecy , and lest my manner should evince a suspicious excitement , 1 retired to rest before the worthy pastor ' s return . ( To be continued . )

      Imptnai Ffmrcmitig.

      imptnai ffmrcmitig .

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      HOUSE OFLORDS . -TmmsDAT , Jan . 21 . ANSWER TO THE ADDRESS . The Lord Steward ( Euri Foitescue ) presented the 'iiK'cn sanswet to the address , which was ordered U > be catered on the journaLs , and after a few questions un foreign and colonial subjects , the House adjourned . HOUSE OF Commons—Thursday , Jan . 21 . THE REFORM ACT . Mr . Du . ncombe gave notice that ho would , on ruursday next , move ibr leave to bring in a Bill foi tneabuliuon of the rate-paj ing clauses iu the Ittioim Ac :.

      OPENING Tilt PORTS . The honse havine resolved into a committee of the whole house , Lunl J . Russell submitted to it his resolutions to suspend the Cora Duties and the Navis-ntlm Laws At the close of Jast harvest , the general opinion was , that the wheat crop , though . beloA- an avmge one , was ^ itj . erior in quality , that bailey and outs were ii . many parisdeficient . andthatagieat failure olthi' potato was geuerol . But a very large importation of strain in tiic course ot iast year , not less than 4 , 880 , 000 quarters , having taken place , no very cuiibiderablt rise of price occurred , and therefore ho apyreheusion oi a larjje deficiency was entertained . In October and November uriees rather dtctined . But tVomthat

      time a coih . 'dentble rise uf price began , and in the present month the average price si wheat was very ! ii <; h , and that of barky remarkably so . This rise had been unexpected by persons engaged ih the trade iu Gnat Britain , and it had been equally unexpected in fiance , because in November last the Minister of Ccmuiinerce had no apprehension of the scarcity in that country which had since been felt . Various statements bad been raaiie of the loss occasioned by the potato failure in Irelaud and Scotland , aud \\ n estimated it at the money value of £ 12 , 000 , 000 , and thought that it would require five million quarters of grain to supply the deficiency . Any large supplies bitween this and harvest time can only be expected tiom Odessa and America , aud ships had been sent

      troin Liverpool and other places to bring home thest supplies . Such being the state of our deficiency , and sucu the prospects of obtaining food , it became imperative t « remove every restriction , lie should , therefire , propose that the corn duties be suspended till the 1 st ot September next , leaving it to Parliament , Rhouhi it deem lit at a future period ot the session , to determine whether the suspension should be cuntinned or not . With respect to tho Navigation Laws , the present freights threw considerable difficulties in the way of importation . Shipping of so large a tonnaue as was now required had raised the freights to an unprecedented height . The ordinary rate of freight irom the Danube was 10 s ., but the present rate « a * . iro . u los . Gd . to 17 s .: the ordinary rate from Odessa

      was 8 s ., at present it was 13 a . 6 d . ; the ordinary raU from the United States was 5 s ., it was now 12 s . 6 J . to ltfs . ; the ordinary freight from London to Cork was Is . to Is . lid ., it was at present 3 s . to 3 s . 6 d . It was obvious , therefore , that if the corn were im ported in the vessels of all nations , the rates ot freights would be lowered . He would , therefore , propose a suspension of the Navigation Laws till the 1 st of September in the present year , lie would (? ive no opinion as to the policy or impolicy of these laws . All ha would say was , that the necessity of the lime rendeved such an experiment imperative , and he diii not anticipate any objection to these proposals titlier from the advocates of Protection or irom the friends of Free Trade .

      l ' tie resolutions for suspending the corn duties and the Navigation Laws untihhe 1 st of September were agreed to and reported to the House .

      1 IOLSE OF LORDS , Fjudat . 22 nd Jam . Lord Lansdowk laid on the table copies of the correspondence relative to the Spanish marriages . Their Lordshi ps meet to-day ( Saturday ) for the purpose of receiving Lord John Russell ' s Bills from the Commons . v HOUSE OF COMMONS , Fsidat , 22 ud Jan . The Hon . Ctcil Lawless took his seat forCionmel , lntlwro ' . unof the Right Uon . David Pitot , appointed one of the Barons of Her Majesty ' s Exuhequvrin Leiand . A new writ was ordered Lr the city of Chester , vacant by Lord Robert Grosvenor ' a acceptance ot the Ctiiltern Hundreds .

      THE CORN IMPORTATION BILL went through its various stages . The last clause was struck out in committee . THE NAVIGATION BILL was read a second time iu Committee . Mr . Mitchell proposed that the period of suspension should be extended beyuund the Ibd September . Lord John Russell considered the proposal inexpedient . An animated debate , in which Lord George Bentinck , Dr . Bowrini ; , and Mr . Duncombe took part , ensued . Mr . Mitchell replied . The Committee then divided , when the numbers were— For the amendment so Against it \^ g m . it M * J ° rityior Miniaters .... ' . ' . ' 138 Ihe House having resolved into Committee on THE CUSTOMS AND EXCISE ACT , The Chancellor of the Exchequer entered into a general statement of the financial changes which the Government contemp lated regarding the duties at present leviable on the three articles of su < 'ar molasses , and rum . He proposed that sugar bcV m . tudtreeof duty into breweries and distilleries hut a sininar permission is not to be extended t » molasses , ior various reasons , founded chiefly upon the evidence given before a Committee of the House . In the employment of sugar in distillation , the practice to be pursued is , for the distiller to take it out ot bond m he usual manner , and to receive » q } a lownnve or drawback when the produce becomes

      < ft . tp . Ue with duty The principle upon whlh Urn u to proceed was laid down as follows :- Ai . equal quantity ot spirit produced from sugar out ; ht to pay the same spmt duty as that produced from malt , together \ Vlth a sum equal to the amount oi duty payaule on the quantity of nalt required to pio-. luce the same amount and strength of spirit . " Tindrawback amounts to 12 * . 10 d . on ever > - eleven galions am a half of spirits . With regard to rum , the dittcrential duty of Is . Ud . in favour of English spirit ; w against colonial , is to be reduced to Is . ; so that the duty on English spirit will still remain at 7 s . 10 d ., while that on colonial will be chan » ed from 9 s . id . to Ss . lOd .

      Lord G . Bextisck hoped that the ChanceWor of the hxcliequcr did not mtan to make this law a permanent one , tor , in such event , he would meet ct » nsideraule opposition . , Mp - ? . O'Bwbh said that the condition of Ireland demanded that the grain requisite ior tiustt support , should not bo used , if p ^ saLblo , in distilleries or breweries . Mr . Gouujurn said ho entirely approved of the

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      measure brought furwaru bv ihn ri . ,. Exchequer in his clearand X at ^ t' " ' particularl y as it only redeemed the"R * S he jrave last smiou , to consider the case ofiL W Z Indian colonies . " Mr . D . Bakclat said the colonies had a ri » lu f « claim the imp ure as an act of simple justice * Lord G . Bkntinck expressed his intention tosu - pwt the measure as one of the remedies proposed L Government , butii . would bo the dntj of the a « ricti ! - tur . il interest to inquire whether it ought to bo of a temporary nr a permanent , nature . Lwt John Russkli . said the sense of the llou *" could be taken on this suhjoct at it future siage Alter soiuu remarks from Mr . B . Espott Mr Brotherion und Mr . Kerrand , tho resolutions were a « uv < : d to , and a Bill ordered to bo brought in nc con ! iii"ly ============== ^ =- ^ -- ^

      The Corn Importation Bill , and the Navigation i > Ul wvxc then road a laird time and passed . THE LAW OF SETTLEMENT . Utii John Russkli , moved for the appointment of K >^ Msa Affia . - S | , « KS&- « S ook thatopportmntj to announce the intention , « the Go eminent with respect to the Andovcr inquiry , an . Uo the W Law Commuaum itarff . U Wi ? 8 ffi their intention to take « uy steps in reference to the AiKjovcr resolutions U :. lm some private Memb r of PttUameHtBkouUl think fit to introduce the question But , having considered the constitution of ihe Poor Law Uiiimissiou , the ) had come to the resolution oi remodelling it entirely . They believed that it utel L "" " >• t ° have a central body

      K ^ . , having the means of local inspection . It was their bcliet that the present commission had exercised their authority to the best of their judgmtnt , and with an earnest desire to assist the poor , aad that the principles upon which the . v acted were soui-d . But it was apparent tlwit \ w some casvs brought before Parliament they did not ap ear to have exerei > ed their lucresion wisely ; aud it was concluded , therefore , that some one connected with the board should have mTt tl " Pa rlmiIlcnt t Tile ) r 'te"ti « n of the Governvhh . '' ? . 'T ' wus . ' ° institute a superior board , wuh a president and two secretaries . '; the president and one of the secretaries to be eligible torit in tho House ol Commons . The " -cneral rules" to Lrd ; nVH ir Gmcd «« *«* S % t £ B « boaid , and finally sanctioned by the Quetn hev ^ clf 11 ) 0 government likewise nronose . l * . » »» - "

      „ irely . , e , dm nistaation of the P « Or Law in reland tro «; that . 1 , England ; the Irish board to have apeindent and two secretaries , The bill to carry into efljset these changes , Lord John Ru-seU promised to bnii H forward at an early period of thescim Al'er a lengthened conversation , in which several m . x . ber . s took part , the select committee , w ih theinstruction , was agreed to . The house adjourned at Iialf-past twelve HOUSE OF LORDS , Sawbday , Jan ! 23 rd . Lord Siupti bbb y took his seat on the woolsack shortly before five .

      CORN AND NAVIGATION LAWS SUSPENoj . \ Jii 1 > ILiljQ , Mr . Greene and other Members of the House of C . imiuons , brought up the Corn Duties ( Temporary Suspension ) Bill , and the Navigation Laws ( Temporary suspension ) Bill , which On tho motion of tte Marquis of Landsdow . nk , were severally read a first time , and ordered to be printed . Lord Stanley inquired whether it was the deterinitiation ot we ; Government to introduce another measure , the Bill tor repealing certain-penalties in ( he uscof susarand molasses in brewing and distilliMj , as a permanent measure ; and also whether that b . was to be passed as hastily as the other two Kills He nugeested that the proposed measure tie referred to a select committep .

      I he Marquis of Laxdsdowne iu answer , stated that it was tuoujsht more advisable to make the proposed Bill ol a permanent nature at once , than leave it for discussion later in the session . With regard to the suggestion thrown out by Lord Stanley , it would deyi-nd uj . on the support the Bill met " with in the « th « House and the form in which it was sent up , whether it should he referred to a select comuiittee . Some conversation then ensued on the pr posed alterations in the poor law , which Lord Brougham denounced aa the fruit ot personal spleen and political aguatioii out of doors , and aa inconsistent with the spirit of the original law . an opinion in which t-iirl PnzwiLLiAM concurred , and gave it as hiowiuion that the appointment of a Poor Law Minister would be desirable . Their Lordshi ps then adjourned .

      HOUSE OF LORDS , Monday , Jan . 25 . On the motion of the Earl of Clarendon- the Corn Duties and the Navigation Laws Suspension Bills piiKcd through all their stages without opposition .

      DISTRESS IN IRELAND . The Marquis of La . vdsdciw . ve moved for the proiluction of papers relative to the condition of Ireland aud entered into a lengthened statement descriptive » t the tamiiie , and its attending circumstances , of the measures of relief taken bj tho Government during the recess ot Parliament , and of the Bills which it was the intention of Uovenimcut to propose as well t .. r the resuscitation as for the nermauent improvement ot Ireland . The substance of the Noble Marquiss speech was identical with that doliv-ftrnrl I .

      umi John Russell in the House of Commons . Lora Stanley freely admitted that the measures which had beensliadowcd forth by the Government appeared to be both lair and judicious : but he was of opinion that to attempt to discuss them in detail without having an opportunity of fully considering heir bearing * io reference to each other , and also then- bearings in reference to the state of society exi-ting in Ireland , would be worse than useless . He would not , however , hesitate to recommend to the Uovernment to throw aside some of their principles of political economy , and he would suggest to them the propriety of encouraging the introduction of capital into Ireland by affording advances to railwav companies for the promotion of those great productwo public works , upon safe and .. mnnr s £ .,,, ; t ..

      I ho construction of such works would give yen oktensive employment to the labourers under the best £ ii d rCo& the partioa themsei - Lord Brougham inquired if an estimate had been made of the sum that would be required to answer the loans proposed by the Government in carryinout tfieir measures . The Marquis of Lansdownb could not give an estimate of the probable amount that would be required . Lord BnouoHAU said he had heard it would require fifteen millions sterling ; and if so , he felt convinced that tne property tax must bo immediately

      increaseu . But if the property tax must be increa- < d then he saw no reason why it should not bo extended to Ireland , nor could he imagine why a man with f « l , VTj ?? Mnotpayfur the Protection of the laws afforded him as well as the man with £ 160 o Sa I ™ thei ? ^ v fpau P P as 8 i » g *™« Ireaudto Liverpool , Manchester , and cfa < gow it £ ow& 1 Utel ? r ° S ? al " t 0 ad ° P l some W * ^ throning the maintenance of the poor of Ireland upon the resources of Ireland . . Jl ! A ? ?^" , > ? . defence of the Labour Rate Act , which , though he admitted it had tailed m very many instances , he thought had tailed onlv because it had not been efficiently carried out . After a few observations from Lord Rodex ia disapprobation of the Labour Rate Act

      Earl Fitzwilmam defended the Irish landlords and deprecated the application of the Poor Law to Ireland without proper limitations . Lord Mountcashkl made a statement showing to «! i ? S « lrWl Ja " dloids n «« on' ) £ 3 , 000 , 000 out of 13 , 000 , 000 per annum , to live on . Earl Guev defended the Labour Rate Act asbving the best measure that could have bOeu adopted at the time it was passod , though unforeseen circutustance had combined to render it nugatory . He considered the condemnation ef that measure implied a grave censure on the present Government . After remarks from Lord Mo . ntkaglk aud the Marquis of Cunbicahde , The papers were ordered te be produced , and their Lordships adjourned at One o ' clock . HOUSE UF COMMONS . -MwHm . JMi . 25 . The speaker took the chair at four o ' clock

      TEN HOURS' BILL . Sir G . Strickland presented » petition from c > tton spinners and others , in Lancashire in favour of a len Hours' Bill tor young persons and children . USE OF MOLASSES IN DISTILLERIES . Mr Hume gave notice that upon the same day ho would move the copies of any reports showing tho reason why molasses sliouW not be introduced iuto the country and used in distilleries upon the same tooting as sugar .

      ANNEXATION OF CRACOW . rf ™ w \ , ?' ? tlut he would postpone tho motion fj ™« ho had given notice upon this subject to a uturo day , in consequence of the papers promised by ofth JJ ° nimCUt nOt Uavin fi becu laid » Pon the table

      Untitled Article

      Lord J . Russrm . ob < ervct tlm > i ,,. r , . ,,, x \\* ' ^ ' ^ liapcrs wuvft not yot iard on t ! ie ta I . *„* t , , , ( lf j , „ .. , Hilv sw-e I ' iirlianitnt n ; ei . that u : . »; . ¦ ! -. . « \ iP ' * i n : eiitt-d tn liet M . ijesi , » , embody :, . . ¦ ,. ( I-Iuht of ih » Throe Powers for the mei . su-.- , > d ,, 1 ,-a wj th "i ;; . pcctto Cracow . COIU'ORAL PaNfSQMKNT IN HUMG-KO ^ G . Dr . Bowm . va nsked whether any nns « -ei- Imd l | f » n C » *" rcteived u > 'lie voiiinuinicnti > ns in : j « ti . froiu the V | C-. ) li > niiil Oflioe , ns to the inflicf ir .. » 0 ' . . ! - -.. u- ; l | r . Un . \ V \ isiinscnts by the ^ oliuo Courts at ll < -nf { -Ki ) nj ! ? * S | lv \ | Mr . IJawl's said last session his hull , frieiid diow Vvx his aUoniiun to she cusp » i ) the Ohinnss on whom it f ^ l w » v alleged cnrpmal punishment had been inflicted , \ ( aiitl he had told hii . i in reply , thut all the oircum ' \ stitnccsnoriueftted with thai case would be iiquiird \ iuM . An exji'iUiiUimi hnd boen r' -c » 'ii - > d him ; he . V ^ HUtlmri' . iea t > f the island , which whs to the iolWirn ; ^ W < . fn-cc : —The Chinese in question h'i sjut «; ii Ok 1 v ! i-tc the questinn was heardand others were cou « ^^ T - t

      , ^ w vu ^ rd ami lined five dollars , or to receive twen'y ^^ > A ^• k-H . ' -ta- ' MttJin . " He mustiMifm huwere :-, ^ rVT iMt unoi piiiiialimnii wus ucc <> mp : n . ied « iih tho i-ss NX ( Hear , tar . ) C ° ' " surilto wltl ' Uteir offcccn . \ THE NEW POOlt LAW . V "fi ^ rer . BssL-Kffa . s , >

      James U , ahani , Hart ., ezcrcued ov ,.,- i ^ vw * U * uommimoiiira and . heir Assistant C . ) nimihV ,. ) I ! 0 M dunu R the time ho hi Id tho office of her Majesty ' a secretary of state fov the IloiueDe a « iuent . Aii-o , jv . n-tbcr . timlei- the enforoemtmt of the pew JW Law , was ™ havo not tweu reduced ; whether crimelms not . increased ; wln-ther a system of terror , inateadota HfKtemoi kinaom , has not been wJopU-d [ owara » the | ifwr ; whether tko favmual . le anticiVatioiis cxprcsud ui Parlianu-nt by the i . n' . in .. ters of uie new [> < w Law ! ,, tVo m . t entirelv ti . i . ' cd ; am ! , wither tuo principle a ^ on which the bow Poor Law is iounaejl is nut a direct violation of the consti . tution of Jbti ^ Jund .

      SERIOUS ACCUSATIONS AGAINST SIR J . O » A ); AM . Mr . Fer .., \ j ir : < v « W n < . t . t \ Vl i . , rili ; ,,, i ^ r , ^ . he would b' .-u ... lyv-v , ! ,-. ; kiji ; ,.- , ; , „ ¦ .. ..,, , . , ; -.. ^ ' . ' . Ciraliarn , s > -. ¦ u- r . ::.. / .: . ' ; , j . , > ,,-. , ! , ' duct as a M ' . ; ' ;; ! . M . i i-. v ' - nvr ¦ . >'>;• . , : ,: .-of Parliam .: !! .. 'i ! Km- - . - ' ¦ ¦ •¦ ! ,:: ¦ . .: . . . Lord Joiim :: L ^ i :. thu .. iwac- io uriug under tlio . Utentioji ol the House tho stale of Ireland , and said t fijit he had never felt the necessity so stronalv of calling « or the indul gence of the House as on the [ c . e > -ent occasion ; but he felt assured of obtaining it in an ample degree , after the M-mpathv manif < .-siwl \ , v

      ne House on tins subjeet a few nigMs n-o ami the orwaranre which it had shown to tho Government ; lie would therefore at om-e »„ into the su » . ject . Ho won id first state the order which he should follow in 1 mstatement . In the first place , he uvopox'd te show what was the actual state of that pan of the United Kingdom in which ti-e ureat cala-utv of inlamehad an > en . . Secondly , ho should mtke a cen « : ral statpineiit us t <; what ii . m occurred du . in . ' ti-o recf-83 of Purhamt'iit , .-aid as t-. i what had been doue in pursuance -. A the -ts of I ' arli .-usient uf last yc . ir ana how far thwr ., Hs « res had been succe * 8 ful . lie should then [ - . ><> d tu siate wUt were the reomniendationsol uic ( lovcrnmtnt on the present

      vm . rgaicy . After this hobould ca 1 the tite-Ji . n of tha house to otiK-r measures , which , in the miau . n ot her Majesty - ministers , wo-. ild tend t > impr ., ve the state of Ireland , and to lay tie foumhtr .-n for permwieut improvement . He should a ; ao niL-ntion some other objects , which , alihoiifrli th « y had been nmlcr consiileratiuji , had not beun so fully eonsiuered that measures could be at « nCe intrn-• luecdwith respect f . them . He shouldnowr . sk eave of the House to iBtn . duce two Bills , one to rj-in . fr valid certain nets which had been done under t'leordcr ot the Lord-LieutcnaBt , -nd the second a bill tor the linpi-v-vcnicnt of private estates in Ireland , in conformity with the principle laid down in the lreasury Minute of the 1 st of December last . Iuc noble lord then reml extracts from the Report

      ol the commissioaevs as to the stale of diatress in Ireiand . Ihe calamity which had ullon on Ireland was almost without a parallel in modern feiuipa operating as it did on a population ' of nearly ciqiit millions , and whirh was liki : a famiue of t !; e tUirtmith ceutuvy faUin - upun a population of the nu . eteei . th century . But last year the quantity oE lond in Ireland was nor . so much deficient , yet n ; , twithstanding this Parliament determined to make proviuon by aflording the means of labour on roads and public works , by means of loans . Several sums ot money had been advanced for that purnose , and toward * the end of the session , Parliament passed an act for presrntmeiits for public works . After s- u o time , when this act was brought into operation , complaints were made that the roads made uudvr it not

      wore wanted , and that ihc oLlier works were useless . He did not think that the objection . is to the nature of the labour not being su productive as it ought to be was one o » ' a very serious character , for the object was to « iv « . wages for . labour , instead of indiscriminate charity . Stiii it was moU desirable that they should have the < -o- < . i > eratiun oftlio luiuicl Sentryot Irelan-I , and the LWd-Licntenanl . wit the assent of tie . Cabinet , made further arrangements for public works . Shortly afterwards tho Lw -Lieutenant was called upon to aiiow ( . refitments to be made lor twnships . There were strong objections to this as many of thuso townships wert very small , and the average of them was not above r . i acr ? s" , i he owuer of a townland would bo only liable ior the amount required for that spot , ami ttwre would bo no general sympathy ; ther .-fore

      tnat coum not be beueficinlly adopted . He admittcd that there was no danger in the present state ot employing labour in Ireland , and i * ' care was not taken , permanent injury might l-e ihllicttd on the untortnnate ; c . ass to v hich the lahuiueva bcl- HRcd . As the destitution increased , the uiiSc-iltv uf fimliii" - means of employing labour iii < : a-nseu . (} r .- at diffit culties were found to exist in ^ ttiiug ;^ -y persons to superintend the labourers , and in sumo-districts in consequeuce of the aitoptioit of task work , the labourers had refused to perform tlw work allotted to tliora , It was also found that mm i-. niiii ,. Kv ,,., i

      could not efk-ctiiaily su perintend such an exiensi <« sehcnie ot labour . It appeared that the number of persons now employed b y the Board of Works in I : olaiid as othem tor the superintenriance of labour n « s ll , f > 87 , Ihe amount of money advanced in K . nS , and advances up to the present time , was £ 2 , 410 , 210 . Ihe number ot laboure-s employed on the Public Works m September last was 30 , 130 , while last month the number had increased to iSO . 000 , aud ar the present time the number was no ddubt upwards of half a million . It was calculated that- five persons were dependent on each man so employed ; but xupnosinnthat there were only four persons in each case the number dependent nn such employment would he tw . »

      millions , l lie expenditure had been enormous lie had betore him the returns of the wei-kiv c-xpendi . ture since the commencement of December . In the month ot Deeembor the expenditure was £ 505 000 SiMoV " ' i " weeks uf J ; lliUar - ! t — Si mnt ? i t ' h ' " , estiniated that ibr the whole SnS * H ° ^ 0 Ul ( 1 b ° between tr 00 . ° 00 ! ind tffi , m U ^ l losslb ' to view this state of things without bein « aware that it must bo accompanied with many evils . In many places where task vvork had been adopted , it appeared that wages had risen to Is . lOd . a-day , and the farmer could not pet labourers to till the soil . Great abuses had aUo « rown up by tanners occupying twenty , thirty , fortv , and hty acres « t land , placing themselves and their ? ons on these public works , while the really destitute could not get employment . The Lord-Lieutenant

      had taken ? trps to lessen this evil . On deliberation it was determined to form in the various districts relief committees which would receive subsc in . tions and lory rates , and obtain grants from the « nvemmont . lhese committees would have to lwoliase toud . to establish soup kitchens , and furnish food tor the tarnished population . The labourers would be allowed to work on their own grounds or or the farmer ? , so that there might be due prcnirationi for the next harvest , lie was happv to state that that distinguished officer , Sir John fiuroovne had undertaken the task of superintending the " * lan wlucn would be adopted with rcwrd to tl'o relief tiinw M M - 1 Tlli 1 9 l t ! lli (< cr wuW ' h i « communicatien with the Lord Lieutenant , and would act cither with or without n board , and would co-opn-ate with mm . i . )) ^ "i tu th " commiwMiat departinppt . and with th- officers of the noor-law twinn *

      ana tue cunctnbnlary . Care would be taken that in tne proposed change the transition from puWic works to other omployin .-nt should be as gradual as possible , sot ' uat no extensive disniis-iil us lalwmvrs should not tike place at one time . With i-ospcet to the money which had already been expend- d in puhlie works , the « iurstii ) ii hfid lieVsi . iskeJ w ! u-thoi- the "h ole burden -hmild fall upon livlauti . The extent ot misfortune had been so great th-it he thoueht that tho wUule in' the burden should nnt l ' all upon the Irish people , lie therefore should pr-pose on a future dny that a new arrangement should he made , so that each vuar an instalment of tho advances bc «

      coming due , that only one-half should be paid , and tue other half should be remitted . With regard to the money hitherto issued , it had been advanced fr ra the consolidated fund , and there had been no issue , of new Exchequer Bills . IIo did not consider that it wuuld be proper to impose the wliolo burden on tho finances of the country . lie did not tliink that any step of that kind should be adopted by the government or Parliament without the most serious coiili-( Continutd in tht Lastpagt . J

      Untitled Article

      iRELAXD . XAR 1 UTIVE OF MALCOLM MGREQOU . XO . XI .

      About dusk we arrived at the door of a miserable cotfage , standing alone in the midst of steep and inaccessible hills ; a spot that appeared to have been selected for deeds of darkness . . My guide unlocked the door , observing , the women have been sent to the nei ghbours , aud now , pointing to a heap of flax on a hurdle , over a dark room , you must hide there , behind the flax , and for your life and sowl don ' sneoze , or stir , or it would be as much as our lives would he worth , if thev found vou out .

      I He reader will easil y imagine that this injunction , added to the appearance of the place , hail considerably allayed my curiosity ; however , there was uo retreat , and my guide having ligliteda splinter , as he termed it—a piece of thin dried bog wood —he showed a very fragile step ladder , by which 1 mounted to my " cock-loft , " aud underwent the

      ceremony of beiug covered up , all but a small aperture for my mouth , with the bundles of flax . I was not long in my new situation , when , to the horror and consternation oi my guide , who was busily engaged in preparing for the jury , I gave a loud sne < ze , at which lie lounced , and exclaimed" My God , but we ' re gone men , af you don ' t keep quiet . "

      " The flax , " I replied , " tickles my nose . " " Wisha , " he returned , " for Cod ' s sake stop it , as you can ' t get out now , as they'll be here in a minute ; but af you can't liould , but must sneeze , see af you cau ' t sneeze like a cat . This way , " say . be , sneezing precisely like a cat , and which , to his great satisfaction , I imitated most critically . In a very few minutes the jury began to arrives when candles , bought for the occasion , and stuck i : i balls of clay , were placed upon the table in the middle of the room , the parties seating themselves round , some on kishes ( uigh baskets ) , and otbers on stools .

      My guide , from being next of kin , was appointed judge , and his first business was that of calling out the names of those summoned for the occasion , when , all having answered , be addressed them as follows : ¦ — " Are yees all blood relations to Phelimeen O'Donnell , God rest his sowl ? " to which all responded—

      0 The Members Op The Chartist Cooperative Land Company.

      0 THE MEMBERS OP THE CHARTIST COOPERATIVE LAND COMPANY .

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      ' ' ; // f ^^ AyC ^^ - AND NATIONAL . TRADES' JOURNAL ' . SSSSr !

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      VOL X NO . 484- LONDON , SATURDAYr JANSart 30 ~ 1847 = " ^^^^^ T ^ —— ; : i - ~ - ^ _^_ i _ * bw Mini ,. * , a ., * Bii ! :, S ; * .: o , i r " ' ~ =

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 30, 1847, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1403/page/1/