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Northern Star (1837-1852), 26th December 1846, Edition 1 of 3, Page 7, Untitled Article

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    • <£olomai aitir jTomgn ''Intelligence*
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      Untitled Article

      « ab 4 I tnllwar , at leastin words , . t-jhonlday chance so happen—deeds , ) ( *^* 5 l who war with Thought !" rink 1 he" ^ tfle 1 Aa ' who sin B » * " J ^ p jefcjanaby will be the stronger . "—Btxon . tJJ £ AMERICAN AGRARIAN REFORMERS * , * 9 early partof the present year the National „ JtofflHS addressed a memorial io Congress , setting *!« , that the time had come when a system should ffsflop tcd as regards the Public Lands , which •?„« place their disposition npon the broadest ™ fo Vs of justice and right , and secure to the fiSneop le , fl » e » er . their national and inalienable tf ! ^ L in the soil . This document was presented to * S ffonse of Representatives bv Mr . Herrick , of XLTort . The House referred iJie memorial to a ^ nittee , bat refused to pr int it by a vote of ? 2 to ^ jjflinjr the spring good progress was made in ^• Irania , Massachusetts , and Illinois . itthe spring election ( this year ) for Mayor of New T « rk » d other municipal officers , the Reformers jest ed Ransom Smith for Mayor . They polled fSLndred more votes than they had polled at the ot

      ^ election lUio . ^ fcw daysprevions to the election taking place , rarv large open air meeting was holden in the % && report of wliicu appeared in the Northern ^ . ' of the 16 th of May last . The meeting was yden on the 9 th of April , and will long be rememiLdinlfewYorkas the first great demonstration Jib e American people insnpport of a true Republic . jjm Commerford presided , and the meeting was IjaesseJ by Messrs . Ryckman , Evans . O'Connor , rtwe , Bronson , Trantwein , Rand , Dreher . Aril ^ Gonld , Manning , Niles , Merrill , Glaser , fggner , and Beeney . We repeat a few extracts Iran the address and resolutions adopted at the & for-T .

      . .. _ ¦[ lie glorious revolution of * T 6 developed new troths in gesdence of civilized government , and asserted for the « 5 le rights never before [ so far as his'ory infoims us ) girted under sneh favourable auspices , as to popular ytDigence , territory , and other circumstances . Bat pnie most essential rigtb so asserted are yet only in pgpect . Therefore the revolution is not completed . fe have thrown off foreign rulers , but have retained fjraen systems . HV « have assumed the right to govern jarsdves , but we have not yet governed justly . We have j ^ larefl an equality of rights , but wa have not practised man the declaration . Strange though it ma ; seem , it is

      29 less tree than strange , that we have mistaken Slavery { y Freedom . Let it now and henceforth be proclaimed Qtbe world , that there can be no freedom where any gua is coerced by any sort of force or necessity ; to liJnar for another ; that to be free , a man must have s oiaeign and inalienable right to soil enough to subsist ^ on . We assert , then , the EQUAL BIGHT OF MAN 10 THE SOIL , and DEMAXD its' restoration to the people . We asjt that all the people may possess equal r i » it 3 , in practice as well as theory , in order that all may jure the best possible opportunity for the pursnit of happans . We demand a free soil for a free people .

      In all nations where a monopoly of the soil has existed , no matter what the form of government , the mass of the peop le have been held in slavish dependence by the few . Sjrenty years experience has shown ns that a governmint , never so republican in other respects , is powerless O secure freedom to a people among whom a monopoly ( £ the soil is tolerated . ** * ** ¥ e will suffer no longer delay . Already the land is ijCsd , the workshops are filled , the mines are wrought , ¦ lithe ships are navigated by LAXDLE 3 S HEN , who

      tjT 5 scarcely a chance of escape from servitude , and viose children must inevitably be what the children of fcbonr in England are mow J Already is the agricultural jspalation scattered , and the mechanical crowded in cities fiat capital may monopolise the roads and saddle the podacers with rents . Disregarding the warning voice e ' s Jefferson , we have " become piled up in large cities s in Europe , ' and gone "to eating one another as they ¦ a there . " Our duty to our children cries aloud for R--Ermation . We must pnt an end to the Landed Aristocrarr and save the Bepnhlic .

      Tne present system enables the rich to absorb the proceeds of labour ^ through rents and mortgages . Let eich fsnnly have one Homestead and no more , and let i 3 u " ie surplus land be held by the people fcr those comer of age . ~ So longer then will there be rents or mortssjes . Under our present system the workers bare but to retave with one hand from an employer and pay over with die other to a landlord . Iret them be their own employers tail their own landlords , and save a . double tax . Under the system we propose . employingfarmers would store freeholds for all thtir children , which not one in £ n of ihem can do now ; wages farmers would be enabled fcsetup for themselves on their own freeholds as soon s&ty could procure the necessary stock and materials ;

      nrchaaics would getontof the cities instead of crowding iao them , till all could have their freeholds both in and Rt ; men who work under gionnd in the mines would hve better pay or they would stay npon ^ the s urface ; eamen would hare better pay , better treatment , and later accommodations , or they would stay oh shoi e ; no fcnjer would men enter a 2 favy or Army to be ordered finrat by officers not of their own choosing ; and the a * , who now squander the proceeds of others' labour , ( sough deprived : of some of their luxuries , would find it i neater luxury to consume the products of their own iibour , and would find their advantage in the general Rd , and in the security of a competence , instead of the ftsnee of superfluities . A LA 5 DED DEMOCRACY <* - " iioh- and for erer *

      BESOLUTIOHS . "Resolved , —That with the facts staring them in the face tf gradually decreasing means among the producing classes , in proportion w the increase of the powers of ^ sanction through their own ingenuity , it is disgraceful ts legislators that they have not discovered a remedy for i wrong so p .-ipable . fcsolvcd , —That where there are large prisons and { oor houses in a country that has fertile land uncultilstea . they are an evidence of misgovernment . EesoJved . — That if all men lave an inalienable right to life , liberty , and the pursnit of happiness , as we firmly USere they have , it must be that » hey hare an inaliena-& right tome the earth , without which life cannot be « 3 jJanea , uberty s persevered , or happinesseiijoyed ; therefore so man , or set of men , ought to be allowed to monojaEse hereafter more of the soil than could be possessed ij tferv citizen who desired it .

      " Resolved , —That the land of the world belongs to the psjik of the world , and that no government has a right * s flo an \ tiring witi the landbut to secure it for the equal Qi oi its citizens ; therefore , not another acre of the pub-5 e lands of the United States ought to be sold or approfated to an ; other use whatever than the sustenance of fefittlders . fiaoived . —That hereafter we will consider all legislatewbo uphold land raonopnly or neglect to use all their P * ers to abolish it as robbers far more culpable than laadf-rers of movable property . Bwulveu , —That as land traffic is productive of destifcSon , misery , and crime , we mnst hereafter regard any """ an who buys land for any other purpose than his own lids family ' s cultivation as a land-stealer .

      BeEolvtd , — ^ Thatlaadmonopolyis the greatest political " 2 that exists in any civilised country ; that therefore ** people of each country ought to limit the amonnt of 'sal to be , held by individuals , and that it 1 % the duty ef fi * United States to set an example to the nations . In April an election took place for delegates tithe J ^ ew Ttrk Constitutional Convention . This * s a Convention appointed to remodel the constibtion of Sew "fork . Of the resnlts of the labours of Sis body we shall speak hereafter . Again the Re-Wrs increased the number ol" their votes , and two ftsdidates on tbe" Democratic Ticket- J . H . Hunt , tedS . J . Tiiden—whose names were also placed on fe"i ^ atioi : al Reform Ticket , " were elected . Jn 6 e counties of Sew York , tne ! Anti-Renters and National fieform £ rs combined elected thirteen

      dele-On the 3 rd of June , the " Industrial Congress ^ dits firstSannual meeting at Boston . Amongst fte delegates were Horace Searer , G . W . Hatch , JanisMasquerier , AibertBrisbane . fl . Beeuey , M . I . ^ 'Cuncor tr J 3 . EYan 3 , and Herman Knege ; anum-Jtt « f female delegates were also present . A deal of w ^ ness , of an interesting and important character , ^ s transacted . Amongst other matters , a memo-*» 1 to Congress was adopted , of which the following ^ gfaph formed the conclusion : — In oraer . aien , to reverse the present downward ten-« acy of labour ; to secure , as far as can be done by the ^ fitu tJonalactionofthegeneralgOcernmeBt . themeanS dependence to that portion of the people now deprived 41 t and

      hem ; io prevent the rapid increase of crime paa-JsSan uirongli the unnatural augmentation of city pol ^ o ns , so much dreaded by the fer-sighted Jenierson ; ^ aialle ths m « 6 of the people to enjoy the numerous *>* bauical and scieatific inventions of their industry ^ inetnaitj ; to do away with a principal cause of war , * fe 5 ref or the acquisition of territory ; and to establish * ^ aaocracy oastd on the laws of aware and the rights ^ " ' . for these , among other reasons , we , a body reefing associaUons of the labouring clashes in stve-51 Sfct-s , and having the confidence and sympathy of T ^ wonsfiiends of human rights throug hout the Union , ^ re sbfcif . % « qaes t and strenuously urge lhatjou ^ Jmni ediatdj-pntan end to eyery disposition of the J ^ Pk ' s lauds , except for the use of actual settlers in ^^ qtiamuMs .

      ^ Amongst other resolutions , the following were ^ Pted : ~ Kl 32 scH 3 IEirT—STASDIKO ABUT—W « . **** » i Hevenus is , by some , made an excuse for the ^ e of the People ' s Lands by Congress , therefore *« 5 olved , _ Thatthepay of the members of Congress , ^^ ** officers of the government , ought to be rejj / < o \ ihtx the same labour and talent would require ^ finary industrial occupations , l ^ wlved , —That the standing army oug ht to be abo-1 j * solvea , _ T . hat no war for disputed territory ought ^ entered upon , while the territory already fought for m » tdd irom the people .

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      Beaolved , —That no landless man ought to enMe in My war unless with a view of restoring his right to the Previous to the late "fall election , " an attemnt rfiiS ? ° P the National ^ onners for the return « & ££ . ^ - Om'nees for G « "ernorand Lieutenant-? ri r , ? ttera | lUa ! ' howevep - umbcmLS . A" ma J ° nty of the Anti-Rent delegates determined to support John Young , the Whig candidate , for c £ vernor , and Aadison Gardner , the Democratic candidate , for Lieutenant-Governor . Previous to nominating their own candidates the Rational Itefonners determined to *** & * the " party candidates ; " and accordingl y Ont to each the followjng queries- mi \ »

      TO P 4 BTT CANDIDATES At Vie eovujig Section in Xeio York City , for Senator AtsemUymen , Sheriff , County Cleric , ana Coroner . ' Gentlemen , —The undersigned , a committee of the National Reform Association , appointed to question candidates at the comins electionrespeeting the measures of said Association , respectfully invite you , one and all , to inform us . in writing , whether you will , if elected use whatever influence you may possess to sustain or carry into i ffect the folio 'ingmeasures : 1 . To prevent all further traffic in the Public Lands of his State and of the United States , and cause them to be laid out in Farms and lots for the free and exclusive use of actual settlers not possessed of other lands in limited quantities ? . 2 . To limit the quantity of land any individual may hereafter possess in this State ! .

      f The National Reformers concede the expediency of the present holders of land remaining in possession there"f till death ; and then , after portioning the heirs with the leeal limited quantity , that the surplus if any , shoul i be sold , and the proceeds distributed among the heirs . ] 3 To exempt the Homestead from alienation on account of any future debt , mortgage , or other liability ? 4 . To limit the hours of labour to ten on all public works , or in establishments by law ? 5 . To adjust salaries to the average condensation of useful labor ? ( Tn place of this , to the candidates for county offices . —To appropriate all the nett income of your office over one thousand dollars as a fund to locate the surplus labor on the land ?) 6 . To liberate from prison immediately the remaining -victims of the Anti-Rent difficulties ? An answer at ' yoar earliest convenience will oblige , Yours , for a Free Soil , -

      Geobge II . Evans , E . S . llANJilSG , Ransom Smith , "Wm . Abbdthnot , Jobs Winbt . The majority of the " party candidates" did not deign to even notice ttejabove queries . Of those Trho did reply , three of the " Liberty party" ( Slavery Abolitionists ) were the first . The reply of the Liberty candidate for the Governorship though , in many respects excellent , was deemed to be not un to the mark . The Liberty candidate for the Lieutenant-Governorship returned a perfectly satisfactory reply , and was accordingly nominated for the same office by the National Reformer ? . Another of the Liberty candidates ( for canal commissioner ) was also nominated . Subsequently one of the Democratic , and one of theJVhis candidates for " Assembly , " sent in their adh » sion to the Reform pledge ; these two were elected .

      It has heen already stated in this paper , that the elections resulted in the triumph of i he Whigs . B ut thi 3 triumph was brough about by Anti-Rent votes . The editor of Young America says , — The Anti-Remers have carried the State , having elected , I believe , every candidate they nominated , Governor , Lieutenant Governor , Canal Commissioners , Congressmen , a Senator , and at least ten Members of Assembly . Mr . Young is eli cted by about ten thousand majority , all Anti-Rent rotes . The Anti . Renters , it will be recollected , took the "Whig candidate for Governor . th " e Democratic candidate for Lienienant Governor , and a Canal Commissioner from each party , all of whom are elected . Thedeath-knell of "Feudalism is sounded ! In a subsequent number of Young America the editor a * ain says , —

      The " Democrats made a shocking mistake in their mealy-mouthed opposition to vested wrongs . The Whigs have carried the State , though the real triumph is the Anti-Renters who have wielded the balance of power . Next to the bad policy of the Democrats in upholding Land Monopoly , and keeping men in prison for opposing it , the Mexican war has had its effects against them , and justly so . The Free Trade Humbug , too , had its influence . To balance this bad policy they had only the single good measure of the sub-Treasurer , the good effects of which the war expenses have neutralized . The whigs nave triumphed in Xichigao , in Massachnssetts , in Florida , and Iowa . There is evidently now no redemption for the defeated party , but to stop the war without further cost or massacre ; let alone Free Trade until other things are right ; and come out for a fbeb soil . If they had taken the advice of the National Reformers , two years ago , they would now have been triumphant , instead of being defeated and disgraced .

      'lie celebrated Mike Walsh placed on the " Democratic ticket , " was elecited ; and although not p ' edged is fully committed and thoroughly devoted to the National Reform Measures . He has now the opportunity of doing mankind incalculable service ; for though he Is but one man let him but point ont the Knaves who may dare to stay the march of juctlcc and the people will annihilate thi-m . It may be necessary to repeat what we have before fully shown in the Star , that the American Whig party , numbering amongst its chiefs , Webster . Clay , &c ., _ answer to our Conservatives . The "Democratic" party answers to onr motlev gang of Whigs , Liberals , and Shim-Radicals . W ' orkingmen , comprise the great na < B of the democratic party , to which they have attached tliem-elves because the party is called " Democratic . " These working men are in a similar position to that which the working

      men of Yorkshire w re some yea-s ago when they were proud of being called "Tollers , " and shouted and foujilitfor any thing so long as he mounted a yellow ribbon . Chartism , however , has put an end to all that ; and now the working men of Yorkshire are much prouder of being Chartists than they ever were of being " Tollers / ' They now follow principles , not party fooleries . The National Reformers and Anti-Renters are working a similar chan < re in New Tork , and , consequently , the working men are falling- away from the sham and joinin ? the real democrats . Besides , the Whigs seeing the march of " progressivedemocracy " are bidding for popular support . In addition to showing themselves favourable to liberating the Anti-Rent prisoners , some of the Whigs , at the recent election , swallowed National Reform and Anti-Rent pledges ; hence the triumph of the Whigs and the defeat of the so-called " Democrats . "

      Mr . Evans says , the "Democrats" if they would save themselves " must come out for a Free Soil . " They are already coming out ! At a meeting held at Tammany Hal ] , the head quarters of the " Democrats , " the following preamble and resolutions were adopted " with great enthusiasm aud very little opposition : —" Whereas , we agree with President Jackson in his message of 1832 , that" to afford every American citizen of enterprize the opportunity of securing an indipendant freehold , it seems to ns best to abandon the idea of raising a future revenue out of the public lands , " and with Amos Kendall , in his address to the Hickory Club , when he says , " above all , enable every American citizen to procure a freehold on the public domain , and our Union is safe , onr government redeemed , peace restored throughout our borders , and our liberty fixed on a rack : " and with a Committee of ihe House ot

      Representatives of 1814 , when they say , " the freeholder is the natural support ot it free government , and it should be the policy of Republics to multiply their freeholders , as it is the policy of Monarchies to multiply their tenants ; we are a Republic , aud we wish to continue so ; then multiply the class of freeholders , and pass the Public Land cheaply and easily into the hands of the people . Sell for a reasonable price to those who are able to pay , and yive without price to those who are not . " And with Mr . Hamlin , who said in the Congress of 1844-5 , that whatever policy the government might adopt , that was to be preferred which would prevent the common domain from goiag into the bands of the speculating classes , and securing to the actual setflfers a home , " and with Mr . Robert Smith , who said in the sime Congress , " it i « the duty of the government , as 1 believe interest also , to make every mm afrteholder" therefore

      Resolved , That we are with General Jackson and others , above queted , opposed to the idea of raising any future revenue out of the public lands . Resolved , That for the purpose of giving a chance to every able and willing-to-lahor citizen to become a freeholder , we are opposed to letting the Public D jmain into the hands of any , in any manntr , save in limited quan . titles , to the actual settler and real cultivator . More proofs of progress in our next , ine National Reformers are destined to conquer . Hurrah !

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      THE POLISH PRIS ONERS IN SIBERIA . The Siecle contains the following article on the Poles in Siberia : — The Governments calling themselves paternal and legitimate tarnish themselves pith fte Commission of cruelties , ana , in default of a more direct and quick chastisement , thepressis called "P , 1 ?^ 11 . ^^ giving publicity to their deeds . We fulfil that duty m giving , from a Polish journal publ . shed in Pans an a - Luntof the sufferings endured by the Poles in Siberia The trath of the following account is vouched by m .

      KufinPiotroWild , a nativeof the Ukraine , who , tempted . by the desire of again seeing his native land , returned in I 8 i 3 , under on Italian name . After a residence of uine months , during which he employed himself in giving lessons in the French language , M . Piotrowta ' s nationality was discovered thrfiugh an imprudence to which , as he admits , he was notwholly a stranger . Being arrested he at once ownedhis identity , in order not to compromise his friend ., aud expecting that » t ali enate * , would not be visited with any heavier punishment than an order toleave the country , »«* faw coudutf Mbeea

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      iuch as hot to give any ground of complaint . M . Piotroski sooned learned his error , and that having been a soldier of the revolution of 1830 and a political emigrant were of those cr ' unes which the Czar does not forgive . Sent into Siberia he was at first set to work in the comi panyof felons and murderers , in a Government distillery . After two years of misery and tortwe he resolved to at . tempt to effect his escape , and in the month of January of the present year he quitted the place of his exile , selecting winter iis the mo ' stfayourableseason . sincelakes , rivers , agd marshes , aie crossed with more facility when frozen . The reasons which have prevented M . Piotrowski Riving his itinerary will be easily understood . He limits himself to state , that he crosses the T / ral mountains , over borren ground and ice and frightful wild , having on more than one occasion been three days without any food ; afraid of asking shelter from the inhabitants of the

      country , he dug holes in the snow for a resting . place at night , and frequently in'the morninu it was with great difficulty he could get out of his hiding , place owing to quantities of drift snow over the entrance . After snduring a thousand dangers and sufferings which he could not have supposed he could have endured , he reached the shores of the White Sea , and then St . Petersburg , and Ultimately he passed the Russian frontier and armed at Paris on the 22 nd of last October , after " an absence of three years and eight months , during which time he had travelled at li-nst 4 , 000 leagues on foot . During his stay in Siberia l ! r . Piotrowsti had many opportunities of conversing with prisoners condemned for political crimes on their way to the place of their exile , as also with inhabitants of the country , and even with persons in the employment of the Government , and the following are some of t ! ie facts lie learned from some of the persons amongst the best informed : —

      "The number of Poles exiled in Siberia exceeds 50 . 000 ; many are put to hard labour in some of the establishments ; the greater number of them are located on the lands belonging so the administration of transported felons . There is a Roman Catholic church there , and two priests are annually sent to give religious consolation to the convicts . Colonel P . Wysoskl , chief of the insurrection of the 29 th of November . 1830 , was wounded and taken prisoner at the attack of Warsaw in 1831 , and was in 1834 condemned to hard labour in the mines of Nertchimk , in Eastern Siberia , where he met a number of his countrymen , sentenced to the same punishment . Shortly after their arrival , they concerted a plan of escape , and pained over a Russian peasant to take them over to the opposite bank of a river , and to be afterwards their gnide . The Poles having musttrtd on the

      bank of the nver in the night , the peasant took them to an island , and under pretext of ascertaining whether they were watched went to give information to the superintendent of tbe works ; the poor exiles were compelled to surrender , and were thrown into prison . Peter WysosUJ , the hero of so many battles , was condemned to receive 1 , 500 blows of the stick ; he underwent his sentence with the constancy of a martyr , and after beinc cured , he was sent to the fortress at Akaiui , Eitu ^ teJ further to the east , to work at the fortifications ; there he works , conversing with no one , and shuts himself up in his but at night . The following is another instance of an attempt at escape , followed by a more cruel punishment : — The Ahbe Sieracin&i , a native of the Ukriane , the head of the Basilian convent of Owrenz , in Volhynia , who devoted himself to the inetructioB of youth , ac ; u « ed of

      having takc-n a part in the insurrection of 1831 , was de . prived of his religious character , and placed as n private in a rcjriment of Siberian Cossacks who guards the frontier of Russia on tbe side of the independent Tartar tribes . Beinir a man of letters , he was placed at the head of the repimental school established at Omsk . At that place he fell in with a certain number of Poles , and they laid the plan of escaping by penctratine the Kirgusian Steppes into the Khanat and Tasehkent , and gain , ins through ti « e . Tartar country the English northern Indian possessions . The Abbe first communicated his project to his countryman Zgorki , who had served as Captain under Napoleon , and who , for having taken part in the insurrection of 1830 . was sentenced to serve for life as a private in a Siberian regiment of infantry . Several other insurgents were subsequently made acquainted

      with the project , but three Poles , soldiers in the same regiment , having got drank , let out the secret jn pmence of the Commandant of the Fort of Omsk . Immediately an order was given to arrest more than four hundred Poles , soldiers , and others . The preliminary proseedings against them lasted three years . Two commissions , appointed one aftet the other , were dissolved without coming to any conclusion . A third commission made a report , and pronounced a judgment , ' which was approved of by the Emperor , by which t ' te Abbe Sieracinslii and four others were each sentenced to receive 7 , 000 blows of the stick ; and , should they survive that punishment , to hard labour for life . The others were sentenced to receive from 5 , 00 to 3 , 000 blows . This sentence was inflicted at Omsk , iu the month of March , 1837 , General Golafiayeff having been expressly sent from St .

      Petersburg to be present . Prince Kortschaloff was then Governor-General of Siberia . At the appointed time for this sanguinary act two battalions of 1 . 000 men each were drawn up on the public place . AH Poles had been excluded from these battalions , one of which was to inflict tbe sentences extending to 7 , 000 ' blows , and the other the lesser punishments . According to the Russian military code , the sticks used in the application of the bastinado are to be of such a thickness , that three of them may be put together in the barrel of a regulation musket ; but the sticks used on the Abbe Sieracimki and the others were so thick that they could be but with difficulty put in a musket barrel . According to the same regulation , the soldiers are to be in close columns , and not to move their elbows from their sides when in the act of striking , but " on this occasion there was a distance of one

      step between eich man ; and they were ordered to put their right foot forward , an ! to raise their arm , in order to strike with all their micht . The infliction commenced on those sentenced to 7 , 000 blows ; but the Abbe Sieracinski was left to be the last of them . Ths prisoners , naked to the waist , were led , each in his turn , 14 times through the ranks ( tvro soldiers striking at once counts but for one blow ) . When the prisoner falls exhausted , he is raised up , and placed on a bench , where he is made to receive the remainder of his punishment . When the Ab ^ e Sieracinski ' s turn arrived , a doctor went up to him and offered him drink , but he refused , and walked up to bi 3 executioners , singing the psalm , Misere mei Veus ! As he was weak , —his constitution shattered by long

      privations , —he Jell after receiving 1 , 000 blow *; he . was ( hen taken up , placed on the bench , made to kneel , his hands tied behind his back so as not to protect it , and his head tied to a stake . In this position he was taken round in frent of his executioners . He still breathed at the 4 , 000 th blow . He shortly afterwards expired , and more than 2 , 000 blows were inflicted on his lifeless corpse ! The others also sentenced to 7 , 000 blows expired during the infliction , except one , who was spared because he was ill . After having regained his health , he was sent to Nertchinsk , but , having become mad , he killed hims-lf the day before the exreution . The bodies of the five victims were buried near Omsk . Those sentenced to from 500 to 3 , 000 blows received tbo whole of their sentence . "

      &Lt;£Olomai Aitir Jtomgn ''Intelligence*

      < £ olomai aitir jTomgn '' Intelligence *

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      CAPE OF GOOD HOPE . Uncertainty and delay still attend our movements at the Cape . The Kaffirs still continue active and undismayed , still find that they are the gainers by their campaigns , still discover that the war pays itself . The cattle that they steal has a double value . The young men keep it as a price for buying brides , when they wish to marry ; the chiefs retain it as the terms of an armistice or peace , lor such times as it shall be found convenient to purchase a respite by the restoration of a portion of their spoil . Overtures of peace have been made by the Gaika chiefs . " The Governor's terms in substance were : — 1 st . That these tribes should lay do wn their arms . 2 d . That they should give up all the colonial cattle .

      3 d . That the country as far as the Kei should be placed under British controul—tho-e Kaffirs who remain on this side submitting to such regulations as inay be made for their future government . Macorno , it is said , seemed disposed individually to agree to these conditions , but by the others they were entirely rejected . They stated they never heard of a conquered people being required to up their give arms , most of the cattle were dead , and that they were tired of the war , and they were determined not to fight any more . They were under OUrfeet-, and Our commanders might- go to their kraals without any resistance on their part , but that to give up their guns was out of the question . Such is affirmed to be the substance of tbe reply given to the Governor !!

      FRANCE . The National was seized on Friday , for what offence is not stated .

      M . GUIZOTAND TIIE OCCUPATION OF CRACOW . The France publishes , as follows , a note by M . Guizot , addressed to the foreign Ambassadors in Paris , and the French Ambassadors at foreign Courts : — " Sib , —The Austrian Chargd d' Affaires has communicated to me the despatches from Prince Metter nich , announcing to the King ' a Government that the incorporation in the Austrian empire of the free town and territory <> f Cracow is resolved upon by the Courts of Vienna , Berlin , and St . Pctersburgh , and they explain the motives . I transmit eopiea of them . I have laid them before the King in Council . His Majesty ' s Government has experienced from them a

      great and painful surprise , w e received in 1 ? ebruary . and March , as we did in 1886 and 1838 , assurances that the occupation ot Cracow by the troops of the three Powers was a measure purely - military , and not political , commanded by necessity , and which should be at end wiih that necessity . Now it is said that a temporary occupation will not suffice , and that the measure adopted by the three Courts is indispensable to guarantee definitively in their states order ami peace » which hare been incessantly disturbed by insurrections of which Cracow hail become the permanent focus . But since the suppression of thes- mall state of Cracow is to put an end to those disorders , its existence must have been their unique , ox at least , their principal cause . This supposition

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      is inadmuible . The so frequently recurring fermentation of the ancient Polish provinces has arisen from causes more general . The scatteredtoembers ot a-great state , destroyed by violence , still continue to agitato and rise . Treaties which recognize such facts do not cause to disappear at opce the social wounds which re 3 ult from them : time , equity , kindness , and prolonged good government can alone succeed in it , for these are the only means which the civilization of Europe now renders possible . TJie sovereignsand the statesmen assembled at the Congress of Vienna thuB considered it . They wished at the moment , even when Europe , united , ratified the partition of Poland , to give to the Polish nation and to the conscientious feelings of Europe , which were disturbed by this

      partition , a constant moral satisfaction . They had at the same . time towards their Polish subjects " perspec tive views of amelioration for the internal government of the country . Serious disturbances may interrupt tlie . course of that policy , at once wise and Renerou ? , but not cause it to be entirely abandoned or abolished . Nothing compromises a Government more than to declare itself unable to fulGI , even slowly and in course of time , the promises and hopes which it has itself given . The destruction of the petty state of Cracow may deprive the spirit of Polish conspiracy of some means of action , but it may also keep up and even irritate the feelings which obstinately give rise to those deplorable enterprises . It weakens throughout all Europe on this painful question the principles of order and Conservatism , to the profit of blind and hateful passions . Article 9 of the lreaty of Vienna imposes on the republic ot Cracow the obligation of removing conspirators from its territory , and the tnree protecting Powers had doubtless the

      right to demand the accomplishment of Us obligation . But had they , Jn order to attain this object , no other means than to abolish the independence of this petty state , and to suppreas the state itself ? lhe narro w limits of the republic the immensestrength of the three great Powers by whose stiitea it is hemmed in , all tend to induce the belief thiit measures carefully combined would have been sufficient to counteract efficaciously the evil , without having recourse to extreme means , which involve some perils in the prospect of frequently creating 1 ' resh and more seriou-i evils . It was in all cases the incontestable riget of all the Powers who were partees to the Treaty of Vienna to take part in the deliberations and decisions ot which Cracow mi <; ht be tbo object .- .. -If Prince Metternich meana in his despatch that the three Courts had by themselves created the small state of Cracow , and that they afterwards presented to the Congress for enrolment the convention they had passed between themselves , the King ' s government could never admit of an

      assertion so contrary to the principles and even to the lans ; uagn of great transactions constituting the public law ot Europe , Independent powers aro never called upon to enregister deliberations or acts entered into aqd passed without their participation . In so far as regards Cracow and Poland , the sovereigns and public men say that long discussions between the representatives of all the Powers preceded the conclusion of the special treaty of May 8 . The very text of the treaty of Vienna demonstrates that the fate oi Poland was regulated after a deliberation of all the representatives ot Europe . Articles 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , and 5 define the share which each of the three Powers was to have of the territory of the Grand Duchy of Warsaw . There is not the least difference between these articles ami tli ^ se which pave to Prussia a part

      of the states of the King of Saxony . The foundation of the republic of Cracow is placed on precisely the same ground as the stipulations which formed the other states , even the most free , which have created the Germanic Confederation . The government of his Majesty , therefore , has used only an evident right , and at the samo time fulfilled an imperative duty ; in protesting solemnly against the suppression of the republic of Cracow , an act positively against the letter as well as against the meaning of the Treaties of Vienna . After the long and redoubtable agitations which have shaken Europe , it is ouiy by paying respect io treaties , and those risihts which they have made sacred , that bhc maintains herself .

      No Power can enfranchise itself from them without enfranchising- the other Powers * by the same act . France has not given any similar example of an attempt a » ainst the policy of conservation and peace . France has not forgotten the painful sacrifices imposed upon her by the treaties of 1815 . She might rejoice at an act which would authorize her in just reciprocity to consult henceforth none but her own interests ; and it is she who calls for the faithful observance of treaties by the Powers who have derived from the principal advantages . It is she who , above all , is occupied in the maintenance of the right acquired by others , and in respecting their independence . "

      SPAIN . The Journal des Debate publishes intelligence from the Spanish capital of the loth . On that" day the result of 274 elections' was known , —196 belonged to the Moderado party , and Y 8 to the Opposition . — The Progressists have elected Senors Cortina , Gouzalez , Salamanca , Mendizabel , and Cozaga . PORTUGAL . " ¦""""" _ The Civil War—Th 3 Queen ' s troops are reported to have gained some advantages over the insurgents ; on the other hand , the Miguellites under the command of Macdonaid have captured Braga .

      BELGIUM . Pauperism is making frightful progress in Belgium . The number of poor persons inscribed on the registers of the charitable institutions is fr-m 7 to 800 , 000 , out of 4 millions of inhabitant ? , ofnearly the fifth of the part of the population . The proportion is still more considerable in Flanders , where pauperism appears to be passing into a chronic stale , as in unfortunate Ireland . This state of things is attributed to two causes , one accidental , and the other organic—the dearness of articles of food ; and the decadency of the linen manufacturers , occasioned by the revolution which has taken place in the method of fabrication .

      GERMANY . ARREST OF COMMUNISTS . Berlin , Dec . 11 . —The police have been on the alert last night , in consequence of the discovery of communist movement , and have arrested several mechanics' apprentices in a public house . It is added that many persons of the better classes , among others , the well known writer Behrens , ore said to bo seriously implicated , and have therefore been taken from their house during the night and lodged in safe custody . . The report of a conspiracy said to have been discovered on tbe Rhine , appears to be unfounded . Very urgent warnings have , however , been sent by diplomatic channel * from Paris to several Courts , announcing that emissaries of the Propaganda intended to visi the Rhenish provinces and central Germany .

      SWITZERLAND . The ordinary winter session of t' . ie Grand Council of Berne was opened on the 14 th inst . In his speech the President alluded , in terms of lamentation , to the incorporation of Cracow with Austria , as an event , likely to react injuriously on the Swiss Confederation : and likewise as being the annihilation of the last renmant of freedom belonging to a brave nation , which had once been the bulwark of Europe . The Revue de Geneva of the 16 th , sta'es that the report of the Committee appointed to draw up a plan for revising the constitution , will beshortly terminated . M . James Fazy has been named reporter . The following arc to be the basis of this document . First , an extension of electoral rights , as several

      classes of citizens who , after the constitution of 18-12 , were omitted , are now to be included ; secondly , the direct election , by the whole of the electors , of the Executive Council , which is to be for the future composed of seven members , and the faculty for the electors assembled at a general meeting to dissolve the Representative Council , and to proceed to new elections in case of disagreement between the two Councils ; thirdly , the reorganization of the municipal constitution , so as to place it in accord with toe new political organisation , based on the recognition of the principle of popular sovereignty in its widest sense . In addition , 'the question of the eventual revision of the constitution is to be submitted every Id years to an assembly of the electors .

      The Jud » es of Lucerne have set at liberty , after twenty months' datention , the Advocate SehnytW , compromised in the late events . Captain Pfiller has also been liberated , but both are to pay a fine to the state ; that of the latter gentleman is C . OOOf .

      ITALY . ANTI-AUSTRIAN DEMONSTRATION . Accounts from Italy state that on the 5 th of December , the centenary anniversary of the expulsion of the Austrians from Genoa hud been observed as » day of rejoicing throughout almost all the north sf Italy . The Sardinian government would authorise no public demonstration , but muny private asssmblayes were held at Genoa , in which the toasts 06 the "Independence of Italy , " and ' Down with thftAustrians , " were drunk with great enthusiasia : At

      night , in the same moment , bonfires were Hi en all the mountains surrounding Genoa . Similar bonfires were seen blazing vlong the whoJe line of Appnines , in the direction of Florence an « $ Bologna , of ! Home , and ? of Naples . At Florence two large bonfires were kinilkd in the two large squares , and the- walls were eoirered with placards , on . vhich were printed in red ink , "Death to the Austr 5 , ans . " On © of these placards wan affixed to the h ' itej ot the Austrian minister . before the gates of . -which a body ot singers chanted a de profundh , . No outrage was committed on persons or property .

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      . . . .. -m ^^^~ Attempt to Obtain Money by False Pretences . —A man named Cjfmrles Thompson , was on Saturday committed for tljree months by the magistates at Birmingham , fo > , . having attempted to obtain money from Dowager ' j . ady Lyttelton , under the pretence that he was tr murer for the fund raised on behalf of the widows , and orphans of the men who were killed by the . recent explosion in the coal pit at Oldbury .

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      MM—¦—M ^——^ IMP————Mi ^^^^ m ^^ mma IRELAND . STATE OP THE COWNTRT—SPREAD OF BEST 1 TUTI 0 * . No language can convey an adequate impression of the extent of distress , aggravated b ^ the daily increasing system of disorganization , i he measures of relief , in the way of employment on public works , and the supply of food by local committees , are totally unequal to tbe exigenry . I » fact , the peasantry in several counties are famishing , and the provincial journals record a number of additional deatliB from starvation . In some counties farmers may lie over-holding their grain ; but in general the stocks in the haggards are rapidly running out . In Meath , for instance , the stock of grain in farmers' hands is much less than usual at this time ot the year—in some parishes of ( hat count ; the haggards are empty , and the . supplies biought from other districts are consumed as fast as they can be drawn away fVom the mills . Altogether the condition of the country is alarming , and no man can see his way as to ( he future .

      COUNTY CORK . The Cork Examiner publishes , on the authority of its special reporter , most distressing accounts from Skibbereen , in the west of the county : — " From beginning to end ( says the £ xaminer t referring to the details ) it is one dark catalogue of want and woe , of famine , disease , and death . In a private note , our reporter called our most earnest attention to the horrifying facts , which ho said hi * correspondence truthfully detailed , and summed up the condition of the poor in the ill-fated town from which he wrote by saying , that ' they were dying off like rotten sheep . ' Struck by the earnestness of the private note , we took up the correspondence , and went through its agonising details line by linn ; and our readers who will pursue It through will say thnt

      before we had come to the elo .-c , we had supped full of horrors . There is disease , famine , and death in every paragraph . A terrible apathy , like that which oppresses a plague-stricken people , seems to hati » ever the poor of Skibbereen . No si ^ ht of horror , no taie that in other times would make the warm blnoil chill in the veins , can now excite even a passing observation . Starvation lias destroyed every generous sympathy—despair has made them hardened and insensible . They sullenly await their doom , to which they look forward with indifference , and without fear . Death is in every wretched hovel . Whole families lie down together on the damp floor on a scanty sop of wet straw , devoured bv fever , witliout a human being near to wet their burning lips , or raise their languid heads . The husband

      dies by the side of the wife , and the wife knows not that her husband is beyond the reach of earthly suffering . The same rag covers the festering remains of mortality and the skeleton forms of the livinsr , who are unconscious of the horrible cuntiguity . R * ts devour the corpse , and there is no living energy to scare them from their horrid banquet . Fathers bury their children without a sigh , and cover them in shallow graves , round wkich no weeping mother , no sympathizing friends are grouped . One scanty funeral is fast followed by another , and that by another . The dead are enclosed ir rude boards , having neither the appearanoe nor shnpe of a coffin , and are committed to their silent resting-place in the riiaht time , where no eyes can rest curiously an the

      rude contrivance , or observe the absence of friends and mourners , and the want of all that ceremony so grateful to the pride and consolatory to the feelings of the Irish peasant . When work on the public roads is offered , it in many instances cannot be availed of ; the strong man is wasted to a pithless skeleton , and he drops dead on his way to the scene of labour . The labourer has pawned his last rag . anil when his turn is come , and he has a chance of employment , he must remain in his hovel to famish , not havingclothes to cover his wasted limbs . Without food or fuel , bed or bedding , whole families are shut up in naked hovels , dropping one by one into the arms of death—death , more merciful than this world or its rulers . "

      Some of the scenes of liorror enumerated in the foregoing are thus described by lhe Examiner ' s reporter : — " A short time subsequent to visiting Bridgetown and the adjourning districts , I happened to be present at Dr . O'Donovan ' s , when a mounted policeman called at his house , and presented a pet tion to the following effect : — 'The most awful and heartrending case of destitution that has occurred yet is John Molonv and Michael Donovan , who are now in the sleep of death without a particle to cover them ,

      or a portion of a candle to prevent the vermin trora coming in contact with the dead bodies . ' This circumstance occurred in a village , rather a few scattered houses , called Beenaen , about four miles from this town . In this hamlet last niyht there lay four corpses as they had died , without ceremony or preparation of any description . Two . of these were not in such extremely distressed circumstances as . the others , and it was in consequence that the application for the coffins referred only to Molony and ) onovan .

      But listen to the tale of woe connected with the decease of the first of these unfortunate men . Donovan came into town on Wednesday Ia 9 t for the purpose of pledging his shoes , for which he received Is . lOd . ; he returned home the same day , and from fatigue and exhaustation he died tliere that night . His body has since remained where he breathed his last ; and but for the exertions of this humane policeman ( Sheehan ) , he would probably have found his tomb in the cabin where he livwl . liis grave on the sod where he had expired , and his funeral clothes in the tattered garments that hung upon his attenuated frame .

      For six days and six nights did another wretched and diseased body breathe the , pestiferous exhalations omitted from the body of the deceased , without being able to procure the assistance necessary for his removal . The little money that he brought , home with him was quickly exhausted by the other inmates , and when the last farthing had been expended in the purchase of a candle , and when the sickly light of this candle had expired , the rats came and commenced to eat the dead and decomposed body ; and it was with difficulty they could be deterred from removing it entirely away . But such an occurrence appearently excited little surprise or speculation—the people here appeared to regard it as a daily occurrence , and the contributions of shopkeepers in this town for the purpose of coffins for Donovan » nd Molony , in some instance ? , amounted to one halfpenny , and in other cases did not exceed one penny . "

      PROYI'IOM RIOTS IN T 1 FPBRART- MURDKR . The followins communication has been addressed to the Dublin Evening Post : — " Cauer , Dkc . 20 —The country is in a frightful state—robberies of all descriptions , fluur in particular , notwithstanding the protection of police esuorts , As 1 write tliisi , a company of soldiers has liten called out of the barracks hereto protect a quantity of flour on its way from Clonmel to Limerick and Tipperary . Lust evening about one hundred aud fifty cars laden with flour , the property of several persons accompanied by police , ( -n the way to Tipperary , had only gone halt ' a mile outside this town when the drivers were obliged to return back , the road being blockaded by armed men , and women with other weapons , and determined to take the flour at risk of lite . I cannot enumerate or describe the quantity of robberies and the appalling distress of the people .

      Dreadvul Muiider . —A man residing in the neighbourhood of Tipperary was barbarously robbed and murdered on Friday night , 1 saw the murdered man yesterday morning . " The Tipperary Constitution has tbo following : — " . 1 ' lukder of Provisions . —On Thursday , three attacks on four flour carts were simultaneously made on the Caller , Marlfield , and Old Qishel roads , and the provision with which they were loaded taken away by large mobs . Inconsequence of the number of applications made by parties requiring escorts , to protect their lives and properties , the magistrates , in order to lessen the harassing duties of the mill tary and police , lnwe determined that the following

      arrangements , in no case , be droatcd from . Escorts of military and police will proceed from the police barracks , lrishtown . on the- mornings of 'Tuesdays and Saturdays , for Caher , atiten a . m . ; Moadaysand Thursdays , for Clogheen , ati ten a si . ; Wednesdays and Fridays , for Cashel , at eleven a . m . And that any cart , which , from tho- badness of bhc horse , tackling ,. Ac , causes unnecessary delay sn the road , will bo-Left behind . TLene are dully aiil ni ghtly patrols oi both military andipolice on the several roads in the- vicinity of this town . The nsp ?« tr of the tisics 13 isdeed anything twi altering ; ths accounts vrora all paws of the countoy are ot tliemsst aiarmiegjdeseuiiptkm .

      CtoBNiY Mayo . — flli < a « Evening Peat has the following regarding the state of Mayo iu Dkatu fkom . Ssi&bvation . —We have seen a let . br addressed te > oae of the trustees of the India Poor Relief Fujid ' , dated Castlebar , ^ December 19 , in which the waiter narrates the appalling fact that thirty-one peisoas have died from starvation in Castlebar and the adjoining districts during the last two months" " County » f KERuY .--CAniHCivEEN . — Since the date of my last , a steamer arrived at our quays laden with Indian meal for the tenantry of Daniel O'Gonnell . 14 is altogether untruo that Mr . O'Connell's tenantr ) was concerned in what has been called an attack upon the government stores .

      Lxitrim . —Death from Starvation . —A poor labourer was found near Clonee with a bag of meal under his arm , lie was employed at the public works , and was going home with his scanty store , after receiving his payment , when hu dropped never to rise . Tbia is another case of death by starvation . —BaUinmloe Star . : County op Galway . —Another Victim to Starvation !—Within the last week another unfortunate man has died of starvation in the neighbourhood of Spiddle-JAM . Bread Rioi in Belfast . —The Belfast papers , of Saturday , give the folloving account of a bread riot in that town on Friday : —Between nine and ten o ' clock in the morning , a body of men who have for some time back been employed on the works of the Belfast and Ballymena Railway , but whose occupation for tbe last eight or ten days had been auapendec iu consequence oi the frost , came into town , and

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      having cai . ' ed at the bakery of Mr . Hughes , irr Jfronegall-street , demanded to tic supplied with bread , or « lse they would help themselves . Remonstrant being ot no avail , the people on the premises Imnrled them out a quantity of bread , and havina obtained tlu « , they proceeded to the Public Bakerv , in Church sireet , where they repeated their demand , and wore again successful . Such domineering , however in the I'carUf a populous town , was not lonjr submitted to , and the ringleaders were at once arrested bv the i Mice . and lodged in the police ollioe . At twelve LJntii " ^ we ™ P "" o the , and the case having lv ? IJi Ite ^ « l « y ¦ wnti-ncBd , one , William Walker , trom Cookstown , to pay a fine of £ 2 r ° h ^ m rT . d tor one monlh J ™' A'' < M * lough , irom C » edon , £ i tor one furt » i « hl' « impri-Sl ^ iSig ^ " - •«»• f r " dd to •* . ¦ ——— . ^ m , —«

      MuHDKnpiM Attack . -Tho correspom ' -ent of the Northern myes the following details IV wn an attack upon himself : — . "The day before yesterday being fine , I took the nun on my shoulder and walked out to look for some snipe on Cunan bog , and went on from one bo « to another , until I came out on the road , close to where Mr . Bates is build ng a new mill . I then saw between twenty and thirty people , employed on the building , runninj : up the road , and as they passed som . of them said , " You had better take care , for theieisamancnming with a drawn sword , and he will murder some one . " I tonic no notice , but walked on along the road , and in a few minutes heard the pattering ot feet behind me , and the most horrid im-I > recatii . > ii 3 . W hen I turned round there was an atro . cams looking ruffian . Btripned of coat and waisi «) at .

      with a heavy ship ' s boarding cutlass in his hand swearing h . t would cleave my skull 1 called out to him to know what he meant , and to stand tack , bringing the ami to the recover , having both barrels loaded . 1 had a moment ' s reflection , within mvself . whether I would fire at his right hand , t-ulisablehim trom using his weapon ; but seeing several women and children ( who hail run out of the house ) , in the line « . t hie , and karins to hurt some of them , I tnought it best to take my chance of closin " ' and urappld with him . I Jo delivered a downright " cut at my huad , which had it taken effect , would have killed me . I watched his eye , parried the blow with the lianel o the gun ( which are cut into the bore ) , closed with the rufmin , and in doinir so I threw the gun from nw on the bank of the ditch , fearing nn MCnident in th 8 strugg le . After a desperate encounter , in which he attempted to shorten the wonpnn and stab me , I wrested it from him and threw him with

      , his huad into the h . d ^ e . I followed him to tho t'niuntl , put my knee upon him . and got a eond erip of Ins windpipe . After I got the sword from him , he made a great effort Io reach my pin . which was in the ditch ; but I succeeded in preventing him i » etung hod ot it . While the xrapple lasted , not one of all ihe It-Hows employed at the mill , and who were looking on , ever put hand to help me ; but as soon as I had got him down , and had throttled him , they came . When two or three of the f'WIows had tota secure hold ot him , I let him up . A decent sort of man , who appeared a kind of steward at the mill , fiime forward , and got the rufliaii secured . He turned out to he a carpenter , who mistook me for one of the pay-clerks ot the public works , against whom lie had some enmity . 1 have lod » cd informations against him . 1 he steward . said , if I had not been merciful I would have shot him , and wondered I did not

      THE DKMAND FOR FIRE-ARMS . The Drogheda Conservative says : — " At our fair on Friday two ca " rt lends of fire-arms nere sold by auction , and a spirited competition took placu for guns , pistols , bullet moulds , &c , for midnight practice ! It misht have heen imagined that the dearness of provisions would act as a drawback on their sale , but stratige to say , such is the avidity of the Irish for Arm ? , that men , with scarcely a coat to tlicir back , have become purchasers of them . Every town in Ireland has its depots of arms , accessible to the haters of Saxon leuislation , where fife-arms , bullet-moulds , powder , &c , may be obtained on most reasonable terms ! There are only four of them in this town , all of whom are driving a profitable trade . " The same paper states : —

      " The most daring robbery we have heard of for a length of time was perpetrated on a cattle dealer nr . med Tiernan , residing in this town . On his alighting from the Dogheda coach , in the town of Kells , on Wednesday night ( or rather Thursday Morning ) , shortly after 12 o ' clock , whilst walking through Newmarket-street , a man stepped uo to him , and , placing a blundnrbluss to his head , said , 'I was Ions watching you , Nelson' ( imagining that he was a cattle dealer of that nnme ); another joined him , and cocking a pistol , immediately put his hand into Tiernan ' s pocket , and took therefrom £ 220 , consisting of two notes , one of £ 100 , the other of £ 50 together with £ 10 in sovereigns . This darin ? robbery was committed within 50 yard s of the police barracks and in the midst of a populous town . "

      REPEAL ASSOCIATION , The usual weekly meeting of the members of this body was held on Monday in the Conciliation-hall . There was but a very thin attendance ot members and nssoeiates present . The chair was taken by Mr . W . T . Kelly . Mr . O'Connell repeated that he wanted £ 30 , 000 , 000 from England , but no longer , on the old terms , that of an instalment on a debt of £ 60 . 000 , 000 . It is now to be a loan which ia not to be repaid by the landlords , but out of the revenues of the country ; The next subject was of course "Young Ireland . " He said iho question of reconciliation was all over—there was an end to" it ; and ihe association was able tind willing to work by itself for repeal , in total disregard to the machinations of the little Ireland party . ( Loud cheers lie would tell that

      . ) party that he gave them his defunct ? . ( Loud cheers . ) Now , ho was assailed f . irstoopin « to the yoke of the Young Inlanders , and he was told that th-y would claim a triumph . ( Hear , hear . ) Of course , he knew that such would be the case before he made an offer of reconciliation—he knew he would be to taunted ; yet it did not hinder him from making the offer—and why ? ( Hear . ) Because the result he knew must turn out in his favour . ( Cheers . ) What had he done ? He sacriliced his feeling and his pride—and , after a struggle for Ireland for 50 y « irs , lie was ready to place ' the palm of bis hands under the ft et of his secedcrs to bririi , ' them bnek , and obtain unanimity ; in fact , he did all butsaurifice principle , and they , nevertheless , refused his offers—ungraciously refused them . ( Hear , and cheers . ) lie was astonished at Mr , O'Urien ' a want of tact in declining that conference , ami had added insult to iniury in bis manner of refusing , lie had presumed to attribute motives to

      him ( Mr . O'C ) , which he entirely repudiated—toasperse men as good as himself in every respect . They mourned over him , indeed , but it was the crowing dunghill cock over the old name one . ( Laughter . ) i They , wanted to have the regulation of the Association ; but he would rather see il perish than fall intotlieirhiwids . The--funds were failing owinj ; to thedistress ot the times ; but while , he possessed Cd . im the world , it should 1 not be closed . ( Cheers ) He felt that he was in the right , nnd that the Young ? Irelaiulers were grossly in tUe wrong . The Young Irolanders wanted them to cushion religious questions- ; but he- would never agree to suppress theclaims of any religious grievances . lie wonld not allow himself to be gasmed in * any such matters . He treated the godless ituliflmnlism of the Young Icelanders with , scorn and contempt , lie was glad they had shown the cloven foot in time , lie wasgrown old and'infirm ; . but his aspirations for the independence of Ireland were as strong as evett _

      Mr . A . ©'' NkiIiL then came forwrnd , andi said hehoped that there was no-one present who could join in the triumph of one pariy of Irishmen ov « r another . ( 'Hear , hear : ) Gentlemen , continued Mb . O'Neill , hiss-as you will , nobody shall pat me down , ( Loud cheers . ) , Ik ( iMr . O'Neill ) had heard Mr . O'Connell that day say , " that all was » ver , "' biit he rejoiced , afterwards- to hear him ewross n hope thaS yet there-might be-a reunion . ( Ulear . r ?< iw , it was a bold thing for a man like l ) Sm tn i-i . -wid up and defend the secsders from t Isp association in that hall ; but he was-about dnim ; so ,. ( hear-i hear , ) and he did so > because he undmfeiml that none of them refused- to confer but Mr . O'Brien . dCries of " Hear * hear , '" No , mO

      Mr .. 0 ' 6 . 08 NEni *— They cr-nseated to a , conference on the legal question , if the aihei q ; it > stii ) ii 3 they proposed should be introduced ^ ( . Cheri' * . ) . ' Mr . O'Nkua said he certainly agreed in tho principle that the minority shtuid not dictate to the majority , ap d then went ov to sta . te \\ &i he had a plaB to suggest which lie tliougU mi » li-t lead to a reconciliation , lie wouU' propose ths . ii each party should select fifty nasves ,, ten of x >\ &ii [\ should be members of the future- eoinmiitee of % }» association , and that of the mnaiwng forty on « a »!» side , fifteen should be selected by . lot , by which means they would have twenty-five gentlemen on eai-k side to discuss the legal question in . . dispute . iChwrs and . iiisses . ) Mr . O'Co . nnlm , stated , tl a . t aiij preposition coming from Mr . O'Neill Mimild not ho met , as it deserved , with respect ; but hu was sure that thnt centlenian would , upon reflection , see tUe impropriety of putting the association on its trial . ( Groat ai > p ! au-e . ) lie ( Mr . . O'Cmmell ) was sine Mr . O'Neill had no consultation with the Youut ! Ireland party .

      Mr . O'Neill . — Certainly . not . ( Cheers and hisses . ) Mr . O'Conneli .. —Nor was he a Young Irelander . ( Loud cheers . ) Mr . O'Neill . —Clearly not . (" Hear , " and great contusion . ) Mr . O'C ' ONKKiL procmled to sny that ho was sare Mr . O'Nbiu had no such consultation , and was himself an Old Irelander ; yi't , he could not but protest against his proposition of beinj ; brought to trial before twenty-five Young Irelanders—before twentyfivo tailors all in a row , ( Cheers . ) If Mr . O'Neill had no objection , he would almost laugh at the proposition . ( Laughter . ) It was a ridiculous one if carefully considered . And why ? Mr . O'Brien had refused the conference altogether : and if it was held without him , it would be like actim ; Hamlet with the charaoter of Hamlet left out . ( Great laughter . ) After some further attempts on Mr . Neil ' s part to induce Mr . O'Conneli to give way , and submit tu

      V ^ Fattim Iflobements. ^^T Fhrciflm -Flftnhpmimfc:

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  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 26, 1846, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1398/page/7/