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Northern Star (1837-1852), 26th December 1846, Edition 1 of 3, Page 6, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      TO THE IRON TRADES OF BRITAIN . We . the workmen belonging to the various iron trades oiK i . liler . comprising the mechanics , mouldeis . sinithl , SHilinakers * and others , together with the joiners , beg Lave to announce througfc the medium of the Star , that we have entered the National Association of United Tradrs , and most earnestly request our brethren of the SKine trades to follow our example . Past experience must convince ycu that the increase of capital in the hands of einplovers makes sectijnal attempts tor theprotecti'in of labour longer and more difficult . Our impression is . that no trade , however strong , is capable of tvitllstandtng the attacks of its employers , unless under the must favourable circumstances , anil that the ou Jy way *» meet this difficulty , is to increase our power by an union oi trades . Here then we Lave the National Union formed awurea-iv for this noble purpose , presenting to you the 111

      me »»* of a protective power , which all tbe capitalists ilie kingdom couibiucd , could not withstand . The aitticltv of uniting labour has long becu lamented , ana PurJly now when « e have the means placed mthm our reach at such a small price , and under the management ofsurh able conductors , bo thinking man will hesitato a lament Jnjomiug the sriny of united labour . Inmaking thi , * horC arp-al . » -ebeg to rttam our most nncm tn nks to the editors of the Northern Star newspaper , for th-ir honourable conduct in devoting so much space in tliiir valuable journal for theinsertion of the trades proceedings , and we trust that every working mau in the k . nsdom will patronize that paper as the honest and unflinching advocate of the working man under all citcumsumtts . Hoping therefore that the iron trades of Britain will hd amongst the first tt let the examplu to the men of ali other tradrs , by the proffer of friendship aud mutual protection , believe us to remain . Your most truly , The Iron Trades of Keighly . John Green , Chairman , Joseph Brass , Secretary . Committee Room , "Working Man ' s Hall , KeigWey . December 15 , 1816 .

      THE OPERATIVE BAKERS . TO THE EDITOB OF THB KOBTUEBN STAB , Sib , ^ As It has been the ambition of philanthropists in all ages of the world , to arouse themselves to an effort acainsit every species of slavery tnat keep in bondage their fellow creatures , aud render them more degraded than the brute creation , —I doubt not bat that you _ will give this Utter a place in the Northern Star , since it i » inonded to advocate the claims of common humanity , and in some measure at least to excite in the mind of the puolic an energetic feeling of sympathy on behalf of a most impressed body of men with whom I am iminedmteiy idewifird—I allude to the journeymen bakers , a class of men shut out Jrom mental and religious ad-Tantise * who claim the sympathy of every noble-minded

      Briton . Twenty millions of our money has been ntfbly expended to emancipate the poor African slave ; but the emancipation of the poor white slave has scarcely been thought of , whote case has long been looked upon bj themselves as hopeless . The nature of tbeir business , tlie unlimited number of h < ra § of hard toil , together with sight-work , not only deprive them of mental and moral improvement , but hurries its victims into a premature prave . Thus it may be said of them , like brutes they live like brutes they are compelled to die . That journeymen bakers are more oppressed than any othpr Ik > : < v of men is too generally knoivn , and conscious of their degraded condition , they are now making an ( . ffort in order to excite ia the breasts of the humane a feeling of sympathy and co-operation , whereby they may been , ab ed effectually to agitate for the adoption of certain measures by legislative enactment which will i-robibU iiisbt-wcrk , and prevent the master exacting from the

      journeyman more than from teu to twelve hours per day . Should it be argued by any one that night-work canuot be dispensed with , I reply , then , lrt those journeymen take ni e lli-work that prefer it , nnd let tl . em be remunerated accordingly , that whether we work at night or in the day , let us only be expected to give twelve hours of toil for a day ' s work , and not from eighteen to twenty and tiro-and-ttvenry . asii now the case . It is anirrefauble fact that fifty years ago , two men and a boy were employed in making up fourteen sacks of flour into bread ; but now master bakers , in many instances , expect forty sacks to be made up in the samp time . Not long ago the waiter filled a situation as foreman in country business , and even there the hours of toil were from eighteen to twenty-two per day , and the wages received by the stcond hands wire only from 3 s . to 4 s . ptr wtek with bread and lodging . This is only one of numerous instances which I could name , to show that journeymen Inkers , as a body of men , are used infinitely worse

      tliim the brute . In several instances , I hare known journeymen drop down while at their waikiu a state oi esliauiiiun . It was l . ut the other day I asked a foreman baker living in London , how many hours of sleep his situation afforded him , taking the week through , he replied , that it only amounted to about twenty-four . 1 knew also a case sometime ago of a mure appalling description . It "as that of a journeyman who had not takt-n his clothes of to lay himself down to rest for a -whole week , because he had not had time to do so I hare frequently heard it i emarked by muster baliers , how difficult it is to inset tvitb a journeyman baker who is not addicted to the use of intoxicating liquors . This , indeed , is tootrup , but are they not in some measure to be excused from Maine , tince the majority of them could not with their natural j > hy * ical strength perform the amount of work put upon them withuut resorting to the use of artificial itijiulanis .

      Ministers of Keligion ] this is a . question that claims your co-operation . How many journeymen bakers do jou sse on the Sabbath-day at your churches and chapels ? are not the majority of them on the Sabbath louugiug about at their homes , with all the noble powers of their nature completely exhausted , as the result of the past week ' s incessant bard toil . Then use y cur influence in order to effect the amelioration of the condition of a budy uf mi n who , liom a consideration of thtir oppression and moral dignity , claim the sympathy of all . I am , Sir , yours truly , Beset . Flood . "white slavery .

      labour in new yokk . ITS ClECCM-iTAKCES . CONDITIONS , AND KETTAEBi . ( From the Aeio York Tiibune . ) Ho . II—STRAW-BINDERS , ARTIFICIAL-FLOWER MAKERS , &c . The Amazon-braid Weavers , a large and ill-paid das * of working females , being at work at seven o ' clock in the morning and continue until seven in the evening , with no intermission save to swallow a nasty morsel . They earn , when in full employment two dollars and two dollars fifty cents per week . Out of this they must paj their board , washing , ( for they have no time to wash their own clothes , ) medical and otlur incidental expenses , and purchase their clothes—to say nothing of zne total absence of ail healthy r < creation and of all mental and moral culture , which such a condition necessarily implies . They have , many of them , no rooms of their own , but board with some pour family , sleeping anyhow and asywhere . For these accommodations they pay one dollar fifty cciits , per week—some of the worst and fiithii-Et bnar . iiug-houses , however , charging as low AS oue dollar p : r week . The "living" litre must be imagined .

      The Artificial - flower makers present a greater variety . The trade , as will readily be perceived , is one requiring great skill and dtlecacy in the finishing part of tlm work . Girls who have served five years' apprenticeship at the business and are very expert , if they work coust-mtly can make three dollars fifty cencs per iveek . The fljwers and wreaths which , under the name of " French Flower-work , " sell so dear and are so highly vantcdhy our fashionable ladies , are mostly made h-. re , although many of the materials are imported from France . The principal part of the work is done by young girls from eleven to thirteen years of age , the " apprentices , " * s they are termed , who receive seventyfire cciits , and a few one dollar , per week ! They , of course , live with their parenu , for the most part , and

      have no time to go to school , to grow or to think . - TheEe " apprentices , " as soon as thoy are out of their time , are told that there is no more work for them , and their places ore supplied by fresh recruits who are taken and paid , of course , as apprentices . Every few days jou may notice in the papers an advertisement something like this" Wanted—Fifty young girls as apprentices to the Artificial-flower Making business / ' These pretend that a cumber of girls have become journeywomen , and are consequently to be pushed out of work to make room for apprentices , who will receive but seventy-five cents or one dollar per week , Many a five-dollar wreath and expensive flower purchased of the Hisses Lawsoni , Madame Deuel , or Madame Godefroy , has been wrought into beauty by these little' fingers , for , perhaps , two shillings , or half a dollar !

      The Artificial-flower business i » extensively carried on here , and the product is deemed quite equal in finish and grace to the best Parisian or German flowers . We believe , from the most reliable data in our possession , that there ere fifteen hundred or two thousands girls engaged in this department of labour in Xfew York . A great many women who make match-boxes receive but five percent , per gross—or thirty boxes fora single cent ! We know a mother of a family who supported her little children by this kind of work , who used to walk two miles to a starch factory to obtain the refuse for pasting the boxes for which she paid a penny a pail . When she could succeed in procuring this she said she could make a Bttle profit , but when she had to buy flsur to make the paste with—then , she said , it was a losing business ! Her little children thoughtso too .

      We have already mentioned the Cap Makers , of which , k suppose , there are between one and two thousand . They earn on the average about two shillings per day , although there are many who do not make more than eighteen pence . They are thrust into a dark back room onaseeand , third , fourth or fifth story chamber , thirty or forty together , and work from sunrise to sundown . There is too often not a human being in ths world who has the slightest care or responsibility over the morals , winners or comforts of these unfortunate girls . If man j of them become degraded and brutalisea in taste , manners , habits and conversation , who can wonder T These facts and remarks apply with equal force to the

      Untitled Article

      hundreds ond thousands of Shoe-binders , Typo-rubbers , nd other girls employed on labor of this kind . In udailion to the constant supply to the ranks of these ClaBSes furnished by the poor population of our city , poor girls continually flock to the city from every part of the country , either because their friends are < kad and they have Bohome , or heiiue they have certain vague dreams of the charms of city life . Arriving here they seon find how bitterly they have deceived themselves , and how rashly Sey have entered a condition where it is almost [ mpos 5 ibl « for them to subsist , and where want and starlatW L their only companions . They have been educltcA ! and reared in such a manner as to render the idea of servitude quite unendurable . and their only resort is the needle or some similar employment . Here they find the demand f « r work greatly ever-supplied and competition so keen that they are at the mercy of employers , and are

      obliged to snatch at the privilege of working on any terms . They find thatby -working from fifteen to eighteen hours a day they cannot possibly earn more than from oue to three dollars a week , and this , deducting the time they are out of employment every year , will barely serve to furnish them the scantiest and poorest food , which , from its monotony and its unhealthy quality , induces to disgust , loathing and disease . They have thus absolutely nothiBg left for clothes , recreation , sickness , books or intellectual improvement , and the buoyancy and exquisite an imality of youth become a slow torturing fever from which death is a too welcome relief . Tbeir frames are bent by incessant and stooping toil , their health destroyed by want of rest and proper exercise , and their minds as effectually stunted , brutalized and destroyed over their monotonous tasks as if they were doomed to count the bricks iu a prison wall ; for what islife to them tut a fearful and endless imprisonment , with all its horrors and privations ? ODDFELLOW'S PERMANENT LAND . BUILDING , AND INVESTMENT ASSOCIATION .

      We have received a prospectus of the above-named society , emanating from the Birmingham district of the Manchester Unity . We give the following extracts : — " To make a'l men owners of property , so that they may become their own landlords , it is proposed to estab . lish the Odd Fellows ' Land and Building Association . Any member of the Ordar may join this Asiociation . He will have to pay 2 s . 6 d . per week , for ^ thirteen years , for a share of £ 120 ; and Is . 3 d . per week , for thirteen years , for a half share of £ 60 ; and 7 | d . per week for thirteen years , for a quarter of a share of £ 30 . " founded is thus

      The . principle on which this Society is illustrated : — " Suppose the association be enrolled in the first week in January . 1847 , and that it numbers at its commencement five hundred memb rs , at 2 s . 6 d . per week , each member will pay £ G 10 s . annually ; and the five hundred members will pay annually £ 3250 . As soon as the weekly subscriptions amount to £ 120 , a share will be disposed of by rotation , and the member to whom it is allotted will be immediatel y entitled to receive from the association £ 120 . With this £ 120 he will have to buy land or property , or build a house which will be worth at least £ 13 per year rent , or 5 s . per week , When he has obtained his share , he will have to pay , in addition to his half-crown weekly subscription , 2 s . Cd . per week for interest , which will make his total payments to the association 5 s . per week . "

      The advantages of this association are explained as follows : _ "Suppose a young man , twenty-one years of age , is desirous of making some arrangement to ensure an annuity when he becomes sixty years of age . If he join a Building Association at twenty-one , and pay to it 2 s . 6 d . weekly for thirty years , be will then be thirty-fonr years old , ana will have saved himself £ 120 this money invested in building will , after making every allowance for voids , repairs , collection of rent , and other expenses , bring in at least 8 per cent ., or £ 9 lfis . per year . He , at thirty-four , may join another association for a share and a . half , for which he will have to pay , at 3 s . 6 d . weekly , per share . £ 0 15 s . annually , and the rent coming in from his former share will be £ 9 16 s . or Is . per year more than sufiicient to pay his subscriphe will

      tion for the one and half share . In thirteenyears be entitled to a share and a half , or £ 180 , and the £ 120 which he has already , will make £ 300 . He will then be forty-seven years of age , and may join another Building Associationfor three shares and a half , for which he will have to subscribe £ 22 15 s . annually , and his £ 300 will bring him in yearly £ 24 , which is 25 s . more than sufficient to pay his subscriptions ; he will , by this method , in thirteen ytars more , be entitled to three shares and a half , or £ 420 , which ; added to his £ 300 , will make him worth £ 720 when he is sixty years of age . From this illustration it will be perceived that a subscription of 2 s . Gd . per week continued for thirteen years , will in tliirty-nine years be worth £ 720 , and of course , a subscription of Is . 3 d . per week for the same number of years , will be worth half as much , or £ 3 S 0 . When we perceive tnat the share of £ 120 will , in twenty-six years , without

      any more subscription being paid , amount to the enormons sum of seven hundred and twenty pounds , we shall cease to wonder how it i 8 that the rich still become richer , and the poor remain where they weru . " If a member of this Association should die , or become insane , before he has obtained his share , his widow , or children , or legal nominee , will be allowed to receive back all his subscriptions , together with compound interest , at four per cent . If a member should fall sick , he shall be allowed to withdraw his subscriptions , together with 3 } per cent , compound interest , and if he should be thrown out of employment , or from any other cause should require to withdraw his money , he shall be allowed his subcriplion , together with 5 per cent , simple interest , or , if he should prefer disposing of his shares he may sell or transfer them to any other party . The prospectus is signed by W . B . Smith , the Secretary .

      The Committee will meet every Monday evening , at eight o ' clock , at the Institution , King-street , Birming . ham , where prospectuses may be had , Shares applied for , and every information given .

      OPERATIVE HOUSE PAINTERS . TO THB EDITOH OP THE KORTHERN STAB . Sm , I beg leave to forward you the accompanying resolution passed at a meeting recently held Jby the London Operative House Painters' Association . ' That the thanks of this meeting be given to the conductors of the " Builder , " " Douglas Jerrold's \ Veekly Newspaper , " "The Northern Star , " and the other gentlemen of the press , to whose kindly notice this Association is indebted . S . Boll&nd , Sec . "

      Wilibnimll . —Important Trades Movement . —An union of the various trades has lately commenced in this place , having for its object the establishment of a fund , created by weekly contributions , by almost all the mastera and workmen in the towr , and which is to be available to any of the branches of trade , in the absence of a demand for their particular manufacture ; and as far as possible to render assistance in such tiroes to small manufacturers , who , for want of capital , are competed to take orders at any sacrifice . Ic also limits the hours of labour , which was very much needed . The immense number of small manufacturers acts as an incubus upon the trade of the town ; many of them have been suffered to have four or five apprentices , whom they have kept at work , fourteen or fifteen , and in some instances , sixteen hours per day . Besides , it is well known that

      many of them are incapable of governing themselves , much less to govern apprentices ; and it ought to be known to those parties who have the placing out of apprentices , many of whom are parish officers in agricultural districts , that it is often the case that a lad is placed apprentice , say , to some particular branch of the lock trade , his master has neither ingenuity nor capital to invent or carry out any improvement in such branch of trade ; consequently the apprentice is kept working at the self-same thing during the ten or eleven years of his apprenticeship , at the expiration of which , time he finds himself incapable of working at any other kind of locks , and in many instances , is next door to beppary all his days . If it had not been for the ingenuity and enterprise of a few respectable manufacturers , the trade of the town would ere this have been lost- Birmingham Journal . THE MONSTER INDICTMENT .

      THE OPERATIVE ENGINEERS OF LONDON Held a public meeting of their body residing in the south-western portion of the Metropolis , at the Temperance-hall , Waterloo-road , on Tuesday evening , December tho 22 nd , when every engineering establishment in the southern portion of London contributed at least their quota to the gathering , for the purpose of expressing their sympathy with , and aiding their Newton brethren , in their present struggle against oppressive tyranny , cruelty , and wrong . Mr . Heppell was unanimously called to the chair , and said his duty would be very light , as a delegate trom Manchester was present , who would state the

      D 8 instructed in the business ; however , the legal men seeing the injurious tendency this must have on their interest as a body , were unwilling to place their trade , for wbich they had served an apprenticeship , into these menB * hands , consequently ,. they most respecfully made their feelings known to their employer * , who appeared to acquiesce with theni . i and ( H'cmised redress of their grievances . However , time rolled on . and there was no amendment . Again a deputation waited on the employers , and most respectfully remonstrated againat the gross wrong done to the legal workmen , they were requested to-commit their statement of grievances to writing—they did so , and placed it in their employers' hands , but . with no better success ; they found , on the contrary , their unskilled and illegal brethren were put to

      drilobject of the present meeting ; he had therefore only to request a full and fair hearing for Mr . Lancaster , the delegate from their brethren in the nirth . Mr . Lahcastbr rose , greeted with a most cordial welcome , to state the case of the "combinators and conspirator , " of those men who were now nrnler heavy bail to take their trial for daring to look for " a fair days wages for a fair day ' s work . " A lew engineers ( said the speaker ) had come from AVale 3 , and found employment at the establishment of Messrs . Jones and Potts , of Newton—those men found favour in the eyes of their employers—they were subsequently followed by other Welshmen , unskilful workmen , and whom Mr . Jones , perhaps from kindness , they being mostly youag men , whose age averaged lrom eighteen to twenty-six years , wished to

      Untitled Article

      ling , Flanning and some of . them ultimately to engine driving . The " legal" men again found it their duty to remonstrate , but this time they were treated . with contumely and scorn , and in self-defence , and for the protection of labour against unjust oppression , they were then driven to other , though strictly legal weans for redress . ( Loud cheers . ) They consulted and advised with their brethren in . Union , and some of the best skilled men , who bad felt indignant at the wrong done them , and left the employment of Messrs . Jones and Potts ; and the men being naturally anxious to ascertain who would so far degrade themselves , and injure their brethren in the trade , by teaching the men who ivereemployed by Messrs . Jones and Potts , against all rule and custom of the tradehad kept a watchful eye oh the premises upon

      , which had arose the monstrous charge of " combination and conspiracy , " and which that excellent man and clever lawyer , Mr . W . P . Roberts , had declared to be founded without" Law or a shadow of Justice . ( Great cheering . ) However , warrants wereisBued and seventeen men were dragged at the dead of the night , and in the depth of winter , from their beds to a prison , ( Loud cries of shame , shame ) , and on one of whom was found Post-office order 8 for ten pounds , enclosed in a letter setting forth the way the money was to be appropriated , which led to the apprehension of the excellent secretary of the engiHeers' body of that district , Mr . II . Selsby . who was dragged ofl to Warrington , his locks broken , his place ransacked , and his papers taken , without any legal authority whatever . ( Ilearhear . ) ' .

      , Mr . Lancaster here gave , in detail , a description of the proceedings before the magistrates , and recited the evidence brought out by ^ Mr . Roberts a very able cross-examination , and elicited roars of laughter by his characteristic detail of " The Walking about , Standing still , and Talking evidence , on the part of the prosecutor , yet , although the prosecutor admitted that he had " nothing particular against the men , yet did the magistrates order tneir committal , and they were only Baved from the jaw « of a prison , by the liberality , generosity , and groat humanity of Mr . Roberts , who became personally responsible for seventeen of the men , to the amount of £ 80 each , but the magistrates refused JmuUO * Selsby and Cheesewrightalthough Mr . Roberts

      , offered on their behalf to become their security to the amount of £ 5 , 000 ; however , after being m prison for several days , bail was accepted , h , nd the men were held to appear at the Assizes . The case had been traversed over to the next session . ¦¦ As the case was of vast importance , not only to the engineers , but to the whole trades' bo < Hes , Mr . Roberta had deemed it advisable that it should be removed by certiorari , in order that a fair trial might be had , he also wished that the most eminent legal talent at the English bar , should be engaged to conduct the ^ proceedings , and when it was remembered that Combination and Conspiracy" had never yet had a legal decision given to it in the higher courts , notwittistandin" the Lancaster , Mr . O'Cnnnell , aud other

      cases , none had been settled on the main question , and hence for the safety of the trades in general , it was necessary that the question should he brought to an issue . ( Ilear , hear . ) This would cost a considerable sum of money , but as the operatives of England was interested in the matter , he would not for a moment doubt that it would not be raised with alacrity . ( Loud cheers . ) The engineers ot Liverpool had already subscribed £ 100 as a first instalment , in another important town the men had met , and put down three shillings each as their firstinstalment of the debt of gratitude , which they felt was due to their oppressed brethren . ( Great cheering . )

      lie would now leave the case in their hands , resting assured that the men of London would do their dutv , and if the operatives generally would only give a long pull , a strong pull , and a pull altogether , on this occasion , sure he was that victory would be theirs , [ Immense cheering . ) Mr . William Newtom . the talented secretary to the London Engineers , then came forward amidst the loudest applause , and read a leading article relating to the case from the Xorthern Star , of December the 12 th , which was received with much applause , and said , he thougt the case of the men of Newton , Should be taken up by the engineers of London in , particular , and the operatives of the United Kingdom in general . ( Loud cheers . )

      Mr . Newton concluded along and energetic speech , by moving the following resolution : — " That a Committee be now formed to co-operate with the Engineers of the east end of London , in their efforts to support the oppressed and persecuted men of Newton in the Willows . " Mr . Birlbi seconded , and Mr . Hindiby supported the motion . . The resolution was unanimoulsy adopted , and the following persons chosen as the committee . Messrs . Hindley , Milward , Burr , Birley , M ' Lean , Austin , Devonpoit , Dunn , and Booth , with power to add to their number . . Mr . Milward said there was one thing they should not forget , he meant the Northern Star , which was the only journal that had taken tip tueircause , and which was always first in defence of the rights of labour , and not unfrequently stood alone . ( Loud cheers . ) He would tnerefore move : —

      " That a Y (» te of thanks are due and hereby given to the Proprietor , Editor , and Reporter of the Jortliern Star , for the spirited manner in which they support our cause , and for their talented and patriotic exertions , in defence of the rights of labour in general . " , ... Mr . William Nbwion said his friend Milwavd had just done , what he intended to have done , however it afforded him very great pleasure to second the motion , and corroborated all that Mr . Millward had Tho motion was put and carried by acclamation . A vote of thanks was then on the motion of Messrs . Newton and Ilindley given to the delegate from Manchester , ( Mr . Lancaster ) and to the chairmanand carried amid great applause .

      , Mr . Lancaster , thought he had only done his duty , and therefore did not deserve their thanks , however , he trusted he should ever merit their good opinion-( cheers . ) Mr . Heppel ( the chairman ) said when differences had existed between the employers and employed in London , the masters did not object to the men ' s consulting and advising together , even at their very gates , and he could not conceive what the eme ployers of Lancashire had to complain of . The meeting then dissolved .

      MOVEMENT OF THE OPERATIVE BAKERS FOR SHORTENING THE HOURS OF LABOUR AND THE ABOLITION OP NIGHT-WORK . ' [ . A most enthusiastic public meeting was held in that very neat and RpaeiouB edifice , the Girl ' s School Room , Clapham , Surrey , the use of which had been kindly granted for the occasion by the Rev . Dr . Dealtry , Vicar of the parish , on Saturday evening , December 19 th . " The meeting was not merely a Clapham meeting . but represented also the surrounding towns and villages , numbers attending from Brixton , Wandsworth , and Batter sea , Kcnnington , &c . Mr . Hood was unanimously called to the chair , and briefly opened the proceedings . He called on Mr . George Read , author of the " Biscuit and Gingerbread Baker ' s Assistant , " " Practical Baker , " &c , to share the object for which the meeting was called .

      Mr . George Read rose loudly applauded , and said , the Committee of the Operaiive Bakers' Socitty , thought the public were not a ware that the London Journeymen Bakers commenced working at eleven o ' clock at night , and continued until fire or six o ' clock the following evening , whereby they are but five or six hours disengaged from business , thus leaving them little time for rest , mental or moral improvement , and none for healthy recreation . At no other place but London if . the baking business done on such a system—a system alike destruc tire to health and morals , from the continuous round of labour which it imposes on the men , whereby they are rendered old in their constitution before they have arrived at ths prime of life . Why ghould such a state

      of things be allo wed to exist ? . ( Loud cheers . ) Journeymen bakers , reason with yourselves on these few plain facts . Compare your condition with that of other artisann ; ask yourselves if it does not require some amelioration—and , having reflected on the matter , sure lie was they would cheerfully respond , and lend an helping hand in the obtainment nf the great and good object of a diminution of the hours of labour and the abolition of nigbt-nork , ( Loud cheers , ) He would now read to them an important letter ho had received from Ireland , showing the effect their agitation already had made on tiieir brethren iu the sister country , and no doubt on the public generally , ( Hear , hear . ) Operative Bilkers' Committee-room , Wigrara ( Quay , Wexford .

      Sir , —I have great pleasure in being the instrument to conrey the thanks of the operative bakers of Wexford to you , sir , and the w « cking baker * of London , for your and their exposition of the grievances under which our trade labour , and , in particular , the infernal system of night-work , and your determination to use all constitutional raeanB to redress those grievance * . As fellow tradesmen , we feel and sympathise with you , would wil > lingly aid or assist in any movement of that kind which would have for its object tlie redress of all or any of those grievances , and the welfare oltte bakers at large . I hope , sir , you will not think us in any way intruding on your attention ; but , having seen an account of your meeting at the Belgrave Assembly Rooms , Ebury-street , Pimlico , in the Northern Star , we consider it our duty to forward you our thanks , and inform you of our willingness to co-operate with all or any portion of the trades

      who ma ; be disposed to improve the moral condition ,, of the working men . We have , sir , in Ireland a majority of the operative bakers , in union , and more especially so in this town and county . We are of opinion , that the committee of your Society might move the working men to enlist the sympathy of the Legislature in our behalf , and get an Act of Parliament passed in accordance with our views ; the Government , too , might , with a "little pressure" be induced to give its support to the rights of labour . We are opinion , that if-petitions were prepared and sent in during ; the n » xt session of Parliament , OUr ca < e would , at least , meot with ; he support of the philanthropic portion of the "House , " and by perseverance and continued agitation , we should eventuall y succeed . I have the honour to be , Sir , Tour most obedient servant , Nicholas O'Brjen , President of the O perative Bakers' Union .

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      N . B . —We sball feel grateful by your forwarding any paper that may contain a full " report of your proceedings . N . O'B . He had received other letters to a similar effect , from Liverpool , Birmingham , and other important towns , thanking them and the public press , especially the Northern Star , tor the manner in which they had taken up the case , and wishing them every suceess . ( Loud cheers . ) Some time since the master bakers bad issued a circular , setting forth that they could get plenty if hands from Ireland , to work all the hours they required of thsm ; he thought the letter he had just read to them was a cornpiste refutation of so foul a calumny . ( Great cheering . ) Those musters appeared to be quite ignorant of the fact , that the operative bakers of Ireland by their exertions had abolished niglit work in that country . ( Much applause . ) And it must be highly satisfactory to the journeymen of London , to find that their Wexford

      brethren so warmly sympathised with them . ( Lnud applause . ) The men of Scotland had also through the NoHhtn Star , exprossed their sympathy with us and our eause . ( Hear , hear . ) Scotia Sons had recently held a jubilee of tri mph . of congratulatory of their victory , they having obtained the objects we are now seeking — ( loud cheers )—and was it possible with such biilliantezamplei before us , that we could long remain in fuch a state of degradation and slavery ? ( Loud ' cheirs . ) He could compare the system of night work and long hours , to nothing more apt than a candle lighted at both ends , consuming , as it did , your health , and undermining your constitutions , inducing premature weakness , decay , and old age .

      ( Hear , hear . ) Their work was not as tho late Poet Thomas Hood said , from morning till night , but from nightuntil night came again . ( Hear , hear . ) A bricklayers labourer had specified hours , in which to get his meals , yen , if Faddy was half up the ladder with his hod , and the clock Struck twelve , down he came , but the pocr unfortunate bakor must get his meals when his work would permit him . ( Hear , hear . ) He did not . come then- to set the man against the master , or via versa ; on the contrary , he thought the change sought would be found as beneficial to the employer as it would be to the employed . ( Loud cheers . ) Ho had much pleasure in submitting the following resolution for their consideration —

      " That this meeting considers the continuous round of labour to which journeymen bakers are subjected to be destructive to tbeir health , morals , and mental acquirements ; that it looks on night-work as the principal evil of the syatem , placing , as it does , many masters in an unequal state of competition , and thereby enubks them to exuet a much larger number of hours' work from the men than they would be otherwise enabled to do , '' Mr . M'Laven , in seconding the motion , said ho did so with great pleasure , he coincided witl all the forcible arguments which Mr . Read had adduced , he thought the horrors of night work and long hours called loudly for an efficient and speedy remedy , his employer , Mr . Simpson , of Old Bond-street , who had a very large business , employing nine men , was so struck with the goodness and practicability of their plan , that he had , with his usual philanthropy , resolved to build an extra oven , and give their system a fair trial , so convinced was he that he could accomplish even his large business in twelve hours , day work . ( Great applause . )

      Mr . Williams rose , loudly applauded , to support the motion , and said , their desire was to make common cause with the well-disposed masters , and obtain " a Fair Day ' s Pay for a Fair Day ' s Labour , " the present system reminded him of . two days worrying and pulling themlelves to pieces for other peoplss' pleasure and profit . He only wished he had this building full of masters , ee sure was he that they would leave it fully impressed with the justice of their cause . ( Loud cheers . ) In the year 1824 he knew a master who paid for labour , j £ 7 Its . per week , well , that same master , in 1843 , through the infernal system of night work , and unbounded competition which unfortunately prevailed , bud the same amount of labour done for £ 1 37 s , —( loud shouts of hear , hear , )—how was it done 1 men went to work at six o ' clock on a Sunday evening and kept at it , never

      set-ing their beds until the Wednesday evening following . ( Hear , hear , ) He asked , was not such a system well calculated to cause destitution and crime ? Was it wondetful thatso many mendicants were seon in our streets , or that so many criminals inhabited our gaols and hull < B ? ( Loud cheers . ) When our prevailing system kept such large quantities of labour unemployed and such a mass of capital of circulation , such a system can but prove but detremental to the whole community . ( Loud cheers , ) Mr . Williams next demonstrated what might be done from the profits arising from the working of twenty Backs'of flour per week allotting a fair average profit that itwould employ more bakers , enabling them to give additional employment to tailors , shoemakers &c , whilst shortening the hours of labour would give them time to cultivate their minds , which , in its turn , would

      require more editors , authors , printers , bookbinders , publishers , &c , thus it was clear that a more equitable division of labour , coupled with a fair remuneration , could not fail to bo the utmost advantage to the whole civilised world , —( great cheering )—what did tlie present outrageous system of competition do for masters ? why enable them to cut their own throats ? yju might see , continually , placards stuck up on their windows , with the words "No Puff , down again . " Ye » , in truth these wire down , one of those " No Puff" cutting master ! who , some few years ago , did business under this system , to the amount of £ 200 per week , might now be seen daily mending artificial-flowers , in the Whitecbitpclroad , thus obtaining a precarious existence , here was a forcible illustration of their system . ( Loud cheers . ) When he ( Mr . Williams ) had been walking along

      Hoibwn , at six o'clock of a Sunday night to his labour , oh ! how often had he envied the more happy mechanics , those pictures of domestic bliss , going with their wives to entail the sweet breeze of a summer evening . ( Great applause . ) How painfully did lie then feel the misery of a journeyman baker ' s life , how earnestly did he reaulve , on emancipating himself and fellow slaves from such bondnge and degradation . ( Vociferous cheering . ) If their present appeal to the employers did not succeed , they must then appeal to the House of Commons ; in their present agitation , they did not call on their fellow-men to make great sacrifices ; do , the sacrifice of a mere pipe of tobacco per week each would be sufficient . They had an active committee , who had

      shown their earnestness , and their determination also , that they meant business , as they had removed from the public house to the assembly room of the Western Coffeehouse . Drury-lane ; they , too , bad also a good , a just , and a glorious cause , in which the dearest interest and welfare of themselvess and felloiv . men were bound up . ( Loud cheers . ) He invoked the aid of the friends of temperance , moral , religious , political and social progress to their » id , nnd above and before all , he invoked the self-reliance of thu operative bakers , let them but come forward , firmly determined , and with perseverance , tuey must and will accomplish their abject . ( Immense applause . ) The resolution was adopted unanimously , amidst the acclamations of the whole meeting .

      Mr . Williams moved a vote of thanks to Dr . Dealtry and the other trustees who had so kindly granted the u ; e of the school-room for the occasion , which was seconded by Mr . M'Laven and curried by acclamation . Mr . O . Read , in an highly complimentary speech , proposed a vote of thnnKs to the Northern Star in particular , and the other portion of the press in general , who bad taken up so generously the cause of the operative bakers , which was seconded by Mr , Williams , and curried by acclamation , The following persons were then elected , a district or local committee , with power to add to their numbers : — Messrs . T . ^ leid , Brixtoh ; T . Pogjco , Clapham-road ; W , Thompson , Clapham-towR ; F , J . Clark , Clapham-common ; J . Shanks , Clapham ; and J . Clements , Clapham , C . Cameron , Clapliam-rise .

      It was resolved that this committee meet for the first time on Saturday evening , January 2 nd , 1847 , at the Sun Inn , Clapham-town , at eight o ' clock precisely , and every succeeding Saturday evening . After enrolling a large number of members this enthusiastic and interesting meeting was dissolved .

      Untitled Article

      __ p Murder and Supposed Suicide—On Monday forenoon , two boya , who obtain a living by dredging along the water side , whilst passing along the bed of the river near opposite to Watorloo dock , found a human body firmly embedded in the mud . Ic was the body of a female , with a child tied round her waist by means of a piece of rope yarn . The arms of the woman were bath pressed round the neck of the child , leaving one to suppose that in the agonies of death she was firmly pressing the little innocent to her breast . The two bodies were immediately removed to the vaults of St . John ' s Church , in the Waterloo-road , where a more minute examination was made . It was there found that the child was of the mat sex , apparently about fourteen months' old ,

      the female seemed to be between thirty-three and thirty-six years of age . The latter was dressed in an old black stuff gown , black stockings , and Bide lace-up boots . The rest of the apparel appeared very old and ragged . The child , a fine-looking boy , wore ( to all appearances ) a black frock , long worsted socks , and calico under clothing . The dress of the two denoted extreme poverty . Throughout the whole of tlie afternoon the police were engaged endeavouring to find out the name ? of the child and female , but without success . No letter or any thing else was found upon the deceased likely to lead to

      their identity . From the iaet of one of hoi- breasts wing found upon thu cheek of the child , the probability is , that it was suckling when it met with its death . It was found , upon examining the bodies , tl vat neither of the deceased had a single bruise upon th eir persons , which proves that they could not have fall ' en from any great height . The appearances of the bodies are such as to lead to the supposition that they had not been in the water more than twelve or eighteen hours . The ligature which bound the two togeth w was what is termed lay-cord ; it was passed three ti ' tnes round tbeir bodies and fastened to the bonnet a D < 1 cap-strings of the female .

      Fibe at the Mansion op Wmv Ems , Esq . — The mans von of Wynn Ellis , Esq ., 30 , CadogaH-place , Sloane-stri ' Chelsea , was discovered to be fire on Sunday moi "ning , shortly after one o ' clock . Engines soun arrived , but the me had made considerable progress in the second floor , and in the bond timber and joisting . The joists and flooring on the third floor were also much injured before the flames were extinguished . Tho paintings and articles of virtu are of great valu e . and it is said the pain 1 ings alone an ; covered by a l vlicy of insurance to the amount of £ 25 , 000 .

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      to tub SDiToa or tbs woethebn btab . Sib , —You will confer a great favour by allowing spaca In your valuable Journal for the following brief remark * . Having been appointed one of two dilegates to represent the shareholders of the Chartist Co-operative Land Company residing in Scotland at the late Conference held in Birmingham , and seeing that is impoisiblrfor me to visit the various localities to give an accouut of how I exercised the trust repoied in me , I , therefore , respect * fully request them to direct their attention to the report of the proceedings in last week's Star , as it is a more correct report than I could possibly give . :

      I may , however , state , that ever since the company came into existence , it has been [ inserted by many interested parties , that the statements made from time ts time of the company's progre 8 S _ have been exaggerated , more especially those which appeared in the Norlktrn ftar in reference to the O'Connortille estate . Sir , partly for my own satisfaction , and partly for the gratification of my constituents xvhom I represented in the Conference , I paid a visit to the estate in company with my friend , Mr . Iloss , the day following the termination of the business , nnd it was with no small degree of pleasure and delight that I beheld for the first time the People's Own Farm . I entered on the land at the southern extremity , and I was really lost in wonder and astonishment while I gazed on what I may be allowed to designate a paradise . I cannot find words or language to sufficiently express the pleasurable expressions which thrilled through my frame when the grand , ths sublime spectacle burst upon my sight .

      But in order that my brother shareholders may form some idea of the appearance of the farm , let them suppose that they stand with their back to the sun at noonday , and that they have a full view of a piece of land extending from north to south one mile and a quarter , nnd about a quarter of a mile from east to west , divided in the centre by a main road , bounded on each side by two tows of double cottages , probably two hundred yards apart , and to the left , a parallel road , extending about half a mile , bounded on one side by single cottages , containing three and four apartments . The doors of the double cottaees ore at the end of the house , from which you have a full view of the allotment of land attached to each cottage , the several allotments being divided in t line drawn from the centre of the cottages , so that the cottage of each allottee stands upon his own land .

      There is a gentle rise in the lund from south to north , bo that it is always exposed to the genial warmth of the sun . At the top of the main road , a magnificent building presents itself to your vietv ; it extends from seventy to seventy , five feet , from cast to west , the two wings are one story high , and are intended ' or two distinct schools f « r the education of the mule and female children of the occupants , and those of the surrounding neighbourhood . The centre of the building stands two stories high , and is intended for the residence of the schoolmaster and schoolmistress . On the top of this building , there has been erected a splendid deme , and spire , to which will be attached a clock and bell for the use of the inhabitants .

      There will be a plentiful supply of spring water from two draw-wells , which have been made for the convenience of the occupants ; there is also a reservoir of aoft water on the highest part of the land , which , at a moderate expense , might be conveyed through pipes to every cottage . Within a mile of the farm , there are theee hundred and seventy acres of common land , which the occupants have a joint right in , with the surrounding neighbourhood . Within a mile and a half is ' the village of Mill End , and on the same road , but about a mile further , is the pratty and thriving town of Rickmnnsworth . The principal hUsineaS of the working people of the above places , is paper-making nnd straw . platting . It may not be out of place here to remark , that many have expressed their opinions , that the amount of land allowed for each occupant would be insufficient for bit and family's maintenance .

      Now , as nn answer to the opinions of such persons , I have ever stated that manufactures would be combined with agriculture by the people when located upon the land , in proof of which , I have to inform ycu that the first and only occupant who has as yet taken possession , is now fully employed at his original trade of hand-loom weaving , the only difference being that previous to his being located , he worked for a master ; whereas now , he purchases the raw material , is his own master , and sells his own produce to the real consumer without the aid of agency , he being his own agent , and thereby receiving the profit of his capital as well as his labour . Nor is he depending alone upon the home market , his produce is rapidly spreading throughout the country , and hag already reached the town of Greenock , a distance of four hundred miles from O'Connorville . If this con be achieved by one individual , what may not be done by the whole of the members of the Company . ROBEBT BtlBBELL .

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      TO THE SHAREHOLDERS IN THE CHARTIST LAND COMPANY IN THE LEICESTER DISTRICT . Brethren ,--The Conference called together at Birminp . ham to coufider your iiffuirs , and decide upon rules for the regulation of your future proceedings , in which I had tho honour to sit as your delegate , having closed its session , I Bnould have been highly gratified if , in accordance with our ancient and commendable custom , I could have wiiitcd upon you personall y , give you an account of the proceedings of that body , and detailed the part which I felt it my duty to take , and the vote which due consideration impelled me to give upon every point of those grave questions , so highly important to the welfare , nay . I may say the vovy txistenee of our society ;

      but the great distance at which nearly the whole of ycu reside from my locality , and the consequent expense which would be incurred by such visits , has rendered the performance of such a duty , however plcasureable in its . self , totally impracticable . A public address to you on the occasion is the only alternative in my power , and I am hapyy to observe , that the report of our proceedings in the Star , and especially the admirable comment upon those proceedings furnished by Mr . O'Connor , in that paper , has rendered my task an easy one , as far as regards an explanation , I shall only endeavour to fix your attention upon a few points , of the most vital importance to our present as well as future success .

      Tlie first in point of magnitude is the establishment of a Bunk of Deposit . When Archimedes , of Syracuse , the groat Mathematician and Mechanist , had discovered the power of the lever , he exeluiined , while contemplating its wondrous effects , " Give me n place to stand upon , and will move the world . " This lever we huve found in our Bank , and if it be skilfully and honestly applied , we shall do with it in reality what he spoke metaphorically The questions of Mortgage , or Sale , presented on all sides innumerable difficulties . In the case of mortgage we could not obtain at most more than tiro-thirds of the value of the property ; and in the case of sale , encumbered with the right of the allottees to purchase their respective allotments at a certain price , few capitalists would be found to become purchasers at any price . Our Bank not only obviates these difficulties nnd losses , but instend

      of diminishing , actually increases our capital in nn almost inculculuble degree . By borrowing money at three or three and a half per cent ., which we can do to any excen t , our operations are carried out to an indefinite , extent , and the money so employed bearing an interest of five per cent ., we are not only unimpeded iu ourprogruss , but the purchase and location proceeds with the rapidity of the flight of the eagle , or the progress of the arrow ; while every outlay thus procured adds to the value of our possessions ; which , in thtir turn become a more extended basis of security for what ire borrow ; and the regular contributions from the shareholders weekly add to the amount of our real property , and altogether form an undeniable proof of the tiuth of the paradox , that the more we borrow the richer we become—the more we owe the greater is the amount of our real wealth . It is the

      stone which , being dropped into the river , forms at the first a small circle round itgnucelus , which widening and extending by degrees in every direction , covers over a vast space , and is ultimately lost ih the distance , beyond the reach of vision . It is a lever which possesses the singular property , that the more it is used tbe greater is its length and strength , and consequently the greater is its power , and the greater weight it is capable of raising . As a Bank of Saving , too , its benefits are invaluable ; it secures to the industrious and careful occupant a safe deposit for whatever he can spare from time to time , however Bm all in amount , which is in a twofold manner to bis advantage , by reducing his rent , and enabling him

      to pay for the absolute purchase of his allotment at the same time . 1 * it nt all surprising then that our Egyptian taskmasters should exhibit unequivocal signs of alarm and . terror , to discover that we have found out the secret of making bricks for our own use ; not to erect gorgeous palaces , or vast pyramids , mementos Of vanity and folly , but to construct habitations for ourselves aud our pos erity , upon our own little plots of ground ; there to ait after our labour of the day for our ow benefit i » concluded , with emiling contempt for the aristocracy and the millocrncy , who have so long enslaved our bodies , and debased our understandings , to minister to their pride , their arrogance , and thoir extravagance .

      I had intended to have comprised what I intended to say to jou iu one address , but the subject grows upon rue as I proceed ; and the columns of the Star , the only ppper devoted to the people , has too many calls upon its space to allow too much room to be occupied by any one subject , hoivever important ; I muit therefore defer what other observations I intend to address to you till another opportunity , and subscribe myself , Your faithful servant , T . R . Smakt . « 6 , Sanvey Oate , Leicester , 22 nd Dec , 1846 .

      Untitled Article

      Daring Burglaries . —On Sunday morning , a daring burglary was discovered to have been committed on the premises of Mr . Joseph Mappin , dressingcase maker and cutler , of 15 , Fore-street City The shop had been plundered of a great portion ol the contents , consisting of dressing-cases , cutlery , surgical instruments , and pearl and ivory , valued at £ 400 . The shop or Mr . Robinson , tailor , 15 , Bowlane , Cheapsido , was also stripped of a quantity ol cloth , Ac , valued at £ 150 . Tlieae robbenssaresupnnsed to have been effected by means of skeleton key * .

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      ¦"" " ¦ igjaajgjHi ^ r * h « 8 m ! r k y a P"blic * ting wa 3 held in Mmi «_ -js ^ n sffisfiffssft * --Providence in tbe failure of a , potata , erm mj'i ' yertea to the borrora of fin , ! ™ S tKS " ssasMsrjar saiS it , » ndof . nadd itieJSKK ? f , rf"jl » ' »» SSTsrSssissSS meal per day , and tto children and ami m ™ . ™' 11111

      , ErtBW "?' """ " - " * a Mtrwaa »»*» sara ? I which he was personally a witawiaS after ' a ? j ^ i-Tasmi&BS K t ^ zs ^ s u ^ Bi purchasing muakets to use against their ¦ felW countrymen although they bJd ££ the best fe could with their arms , on many a hard-fought 3 m defence of their common country . lie hoped thev Z £ f «? fi «¦* "ft f k ft " ' ill maintaTn t 2 character for peaceful endurance , and he believed they would do so . He trusted , however , thatthia insteadof inducing a neglect of their sufferings , would have a directly contrary effect .

      Lord Cunningham having seconded the resolutton , Dr . Oandisu rose in the body of the hall , and ex . pressed his cordial concurrence in the resolution , and in what had been said by the mover nf it u . Wed that the t ody wt «> « £ heTa . ii . a ^ t ' asxwstsa ?» , si 3 S * fta 3 t = 5 ? fence , but he could hot help wjL ttiwI thai Z , Lord Provost had not met the £ " tation whSh first waited upon him with refeS" to " SJ meeting in a different manner . P

      to an infliction of God , but asserted that if ., « .. from the conduct of a WlnSffS ofh&K ? Ihe speaker was very indistinctly audible in the contueion which prevailed . f " Further details of the existing destitution were given by the Rev . Mr . Clark , of Ulva , and also b , the Lord Provost who read a letter from Mr . Hope employed by the Commissioners of Northern Lights in Harris . This gentleman stated that the destitute peasantry were anxious to obtain work , comine twenty roilei from their homes to get employment : but , owing to the reduced state of their phviieai powers , by haying expei ienced for some time a " want o necessary nourisunienfc , they were quite incapable of enduring a dav ' s work . The Rev . Mr . Watson , Bishop Terrot , Lord Murray , Mr . Spiers , and Mr . Crawford , subsequently addressed the meeting , which unanimously agreed in the appointment of a general committee to raise subscriptions , to be appropriated to the necessities ot the destitute in the most judicious manner that could be devised . It was stated by Mr . Spiers thnt Govurument would assiat m transporting supplies of food , or sell from their provision ships , to a relief committee , bread stuff at as favourable a rate as it could be procured at in the southern markets : and also transport from remote locaht . es of the highlantlB and island * able-bodied men , for whom ernDlovment misrht be

      procured in large numbers on the railways now in course of formation . It is gratifying to see that the fearful destitution which prevails is about to be energetically grappled with and it is also satisfactory to find that various influential landed proprietors are organizing a society in Edinburgh for improving the croft OV cottar husbandry of the country and improving generally the condition of the labouring classes , somewhat similar to the English society , which has been so extensively useful .

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      <*> Supposed Murder near Wolverhampton . —Las * week , the village of Rushbury was thrown into a State bf great excitement by the discovery of the body of a man named Harris , gardener to a county magistrate , under circumstances which lead to the belief that he was brutally murdered . The deceased left his house on Tuesday morning , and not returning as usual in the evening , oh Wednesday his wife sent her daughter to look after him . She accordingly proceeded to the greenhouse , in the garden , and finding the dooron the latch , with the key inside , she opened it , and saw her father ' s hat upon the groundnear a

      , pool of blood . Being greatly alarmed , she mn for the coachman , who accompanied hi r to the place , and found the body of the unfortunate man lying on the right side , with his legs in the ash-hole connected with a flue which was used for warming the greenhouse . Tlie coachman did not tell the girl what he had seen , but took her back to the hall , and in company with other servants returned to the spot where the body lay . The body of the man was not quite cold . Messrs . Coleman and Edwards , Burgeons , were immediately sent for , who on examination discovered several marks of violence on the head

      and face , the ear and part of one eye having bf en gnawed away by the rats . The deceased ' s neckerchief was saturated with blood , and his clothes bore evidence of his having been engaged in a violent struggle . Every inquiry likely to lead to the elucidation of the mystery has been but up to the present time no clue has been obtained to its unravelment . In the greenhouse was found a hatchet , which had upon its . handle marks of blood , as it' grasped by a hand , and marks of blood were also on the ironwork . A pikel was also found on the spot , with marks of blood on it , and both instruments are now in the possession of the police , What leads to the supposition that a foul murder has been perpetrated , is the fact , th . it there was no blood whatever on the hands of the deceased when found , and therefore that the hatchet must have been used by another party , vrho committed the deed .

      ItfquEsr o . v Ten Sauors Frozkn to Death " . — Padstow , So . ndav . —An inquest on the bodies of the ten unfortunate sailors belonging to the barque Hope , of Liverpool , who were washed ashore in the long boat , frozen to death , on Eriday , before Mr . Ilamley , the Coroner . The Hope , it appeared , had been wrecked on the Wicklow Bank , off the east coast of Ireland , when the crew took to the boats . The deceased and six others were in the long boat , the Captain and rest of the crew in the gig . The latter , were , however , picked up by a schooner . Those in lie long boat saw this , and tried to get up to her , but bey could not , and sen tost sight of her , owing to the great fall of snow . An attempt was them made to regain the Irish coast , which soon was obliged to

      be gm-n up , three of their oars breaking . They hoisted a small sail that was in the boat , and night coming on , they steered for the English coast , by keeping the North Star astern . Having no provisions in the boats , and being thinly clad , they suffered intensely from the cold , which was terribly severe , their garments being covered with ice . On the second niaht they made theLundy Island light * , and saw a brig , which they hailed , but it merely showed a light and passed on , without offering assistance , although it is quiieelear they were seen . Already had many of them fallen victims to a horrible death , and laid prostrate at the bottom of the bont ,

      and the next night saw three or four others . The boat had then reached Trevore Head , from whence it drifted with the tide into Mawgan Bar , where it wa » noticed by the coast guard . Ten of the boat ' s crew had by that time expired , and the remaining six would inevitably have been lost had not , one of the described swam off the boat while beating among tbo breakers and with the aid of aline , which he secured to it , it was hauled up and the poor fellows taken out . The Jury having viewed tlie bodies , which laid in a mm adjacent to the Mawgan Perth coast guard station they returned a verdict that ' -the deceased died from the effects of starvation and long exposure to the inclemency of . the weather . "

      lam , ron Mubdkb —A trial for murder occupied the court at York , on Monday , Tuesday , and Wednesay , last week . Three men , named George Barker , John Brcson , and Thomas Routledge Raine , were charged with having murdered Joseph Yates , a tatlor , at Startforth , on the 10 th of August-, 18 iS , Yates was summoned to appear as a witness against Jarker , on a charge of having stolen a coat , ana Barker was heard to threaten him several times , to prevent his giving evidence . On the night when Yates was killed , he was in company with the other prisoners and with two prostitutes , named Catherine tee

      Raine and Ann Humphreys . The latter was principal witness against the prisoners . She saia she saw them st ike Barker some heavy blows , that he screamed out murder , and they then threw mm into the river , She said they -afterwards kmea Catherino Raino , because she threatened to ten * ° police . The jury , after a long consultation , returned a verdict of—Not Guilty . On Thursday morning the prisoners were arraigned for the raur j ° j Catherine RaiHe , but the trial was not proceeded with ; Mr . Bliss stating ; that from the verdict given in the previous case no evidence could be ottered . •* verdict of . Not Guilty was then returned .

      Cranes' ~ Flflq*Ttmmt*&

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      Wovv^Oviiitncu

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      Untitled Article

      6 THE NORTHERN STAR . December 26 . 184 *

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 26, 1846, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1398/page/6/