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Northern Star (1837-1852), 26th December 1846, Edition 1 of 3, Page unpag, Untitled Article

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    • T0 the MEMBERS OF THE CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE LAND COMPAKY.
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      Untitled Article

      3 fr Dkib Fairans , - , , ¦ ir } , e &ar is so crowded this weekjwith Bubjects and -utfcr interesting to job , that jou will not expect a IB letter Srota me ; while at the same time , I can-° t refrain from exalting in your present position . ^ dtpc » t pride on Tuesday last , on my way to rhencester as voar agent , for the purpose of comleting the purchase of our second Estate . I had a Ljysms lllnnipof co-operation in my fob , which , em inded ine 1 everytimel thought of it , of your 0 Terwhdniing power . The size was imperceptible , jjonj h it consisted of Eight Banfc Notes of £ 1 , 000 ^ j 1 ) gathered in shillings , sixpences , and pence ; j nch of which , I was pleased to think , bad been cnjtched from the beer shop and the gin palace , tf ithont a roundabout story I may inform yon , that r carp keepers are aow in possession , and that the ^ ere thoroughly delighted with the prospect , situation and soil .

      There are many circumstances connected vrith our poject which are wholly overlooked by parties dealing in the wholesale land market ; for instance , pood'and , hedgerows , and old buildings , are a great drawback to a farm . At Herringsgate I have conv erted about seventeen acres from an unprofitable to 8 profitablestate . I paid £ 443 for timber and crops , M d tlie estimated value of those articles to the society is , upon the lowest calculation , £ 1030 . I have jlreidy given yon an account of £ 314 worth sold , ire have still nearly £ 300 worth to sell , while , although it may be a conundrum , we used nearly every stick of the timber . We have paid £ 665 for the materials on Lowbands and Red Marlev , and

      I'd forfeit my existence if by good management I do not turn that into £ 2000 , thus reducing the priced" the estate from £ 3 , 100 to £ 6 . 800 . This is a part of the principle of co-operation unknown to those whtfundertake to criticize our plan . Now I will lay down a simple rule for " One who has whistled at the plough . " The Ompany conveys for ever two acres of land that will have cost £ 30 , and a threeroom cottage that will have cost £ 60 , and we give £ 15 to each occupant , for a . rent of £ 7 . 12 s . 6 d . per annum . Now , if wo were not to give the £ 15 capital , we could afford to give the game tenement

      for £ 6 . 17 s . Gd ., and no cotton lord or landlord give their tenants £ 15 , or fifteen farthings , npon taking prssession and keeping it until it suits their pleasure or convenience to kick him out . What I assert , then , is , that whether in an agricultural district or jna manufacturing district , the house for erer without the land is worth the whole rent , and the land vidiont the house in such convenient allotments is worth double the rent ; and yet a parcel of noodles an d boobies that see you huddled , into garrets and cellars , of which yon must pay the rent , whether yon work or play , have the matchless insolence and

      lypocrisy to express PAINFUL ANTICIPATIONS of the failure of such a plan . You will read the rigmarole of "the gentleman " who has whistled at the plongh , " and , bo doubt , yon will look anxiously for" his acceptance of my challenge . This man is to bo used as the first League wedge ; and Quaker Bright , who has the insolence to ask for the countenance and support of the Chartists of Manchester , whose famines he would doom to perpetual slavery , is the wooden beetle to drive the wedge . 'Will you jast think of the surpassing philanthropy of this

      " YfMstler , " coming all the way from Manchester to Herringsgate and back , for the mere purpose of satisfying himself as to the land scheme , to the end that he may throw the shield of his protection over its dupes . Notwithstanding his ignorance , his presumption and folly , I would ask this modern economical philanthropist , why it as that the value of the most valuable thing should become deteriorated , when it is applied to its most valuable purpose ; and I would ask him what set of joint speculators in the world

      give equal security for the fulfilment of their en . gagements that the Land Company gives . What Mining Company , what Joint Stock Bank , what Bailway , or other Company , gives the fat security that the Land Company gives to its shareholders , cr what Sank offers one per cent , beyond the chances of speculation to its depo sitors ; while we are in this si tuntbn , that if the Company was dissolved to-morrow it could even now pay a bonus of £ 5 and more upon every paid up share .

      1 shall only say , for the present , that as long as am concerned in the Company , and fur the Company , the most remote probability of failure or reverse shall be announced to the members as soon as it presents itself ; while at the close of the year I have no hesitation In writing it as my opinion , that the Land PJan is destined to change the whole face of society and to do for the Working Classes precisely what the minions and scribblers of their masters an Mr . ' 1

      to try and prevent . The sudden transition o' thi new scribbler from exstatic joy to painful foreb din is too stale to pass current in the Chartist m « ket ; so , wishing yon a merrier Christmas and a h .- pie ' New Tear than your tyrant oppressors wouli ? WiSi you to spend , I shall close with defiance to alt , $ > pail dfron the house that I am engaged in erecting for Labour . Your faithful friend and bailiff , Fkargds O'Cex . voB .

      Untitled Article

      THE NATIONAL LAND AND LABOUR BANK . s Heckleasness , want of economy , indifference of the doubtful future during the prosperous present , have ever . been the most unanswerable charges brough t by the wealthy , the wily , and the fortunate against the labouring c'asses . We arc not prepared to defend this wholesale charge in the abstract , while we contend that the want of thriftiness evinced by the many is a consequence of our institutions , both commercial and political , being framed and altered from time to time for the convenience , security , and protection of the hasty made capital of the wealthy , rather than / for the accumulated savings of the daily labourer or slowly thriving shopkeeper . Par instance , our giant trade and commerce preclude the possibility of the poor man becoming a competitor with the rich speculator , while our monetary system rejects him as an ally from the impossibility of qualifying himself as a partner or participator from bis daily or

      weekly savings . The Savings Bank becomes his only alternative , the only depository for his daily or weekly parings , and from * he fact of this department bping his only source , the government charges a large profit in diminished interest for the convenience afforded by the institution , For instance , the speculator with thousands , or even with hundreds , in the commercial or money market can command the highest rate of profit or interest , whih } the poor man is reduced to the alternative of being his own depositor without interest , or accepting the highest rate that his gradual savings can command . Hence the man with a thousand pounds may secur e four per cent , upon mortgage , the man with a hundred pounds something over threa per cent , in Consols , while the poor accumulator durimr the process of saving , ^ and who has not a sufficient amount to take advantage of any of these securities , receives no more than £ 2 . 18 s . per cent , secured upon his own industry and the dissipation of his thoughtless fellow-labourer . He is reconciled to this lower rate of

      interest—Firstly . — -By the fact that it is the only market open to him .- Secondly . —That it presents security . — Thirdly . —That it guarantees the power of with drawal io seasons of necessity , but even this power is restricted by conditions sometimes harsh and inconvenient . Thus we establish the value of co-operation without industry at one pound two per cent , that being the difference between the rate of interest received by the poor saver and hint who can command a sufficient amount to insure the highest rate of interest . We have been reminded to surfeit that the glory of England consists in the equal opportunity afford ^ 8 u j n the market of speculation . We admit the fact , while we assert that the sun of England ' s glory would speedily set if all men were mere agents for the transfer of property , and none were producers of property . And it is in order that the latter class , which will ever be the large majority , may be armed with . the jwiiwer ; , of co-operation as a means of placing them upon au equality in point of protection with the former class that we advocate the principle of ' co-opMlon ? and propose / tft . e ^ medium by which it can be efficiently carried out— V . ' ¦ ' ¦ ' ¦ ¦ ¦¦¦ ¦ ¦

      The National Land and Labour Bank . We may be told that Joint Stock Banks , Railway Companies , Mining Companies , Steam Navigation Companies , and all other undertakings introduced to the world with a fascinating prospectus establishing a fictitious amount of shares , and a mere nominal amount of call , present the desired opportunity to the small capitalist . The result , however , of attempting to engraft this fascinating reality upon an unheeded fiction , has been the ruin of thousands ; and the effect has been as follows j—Many a poor man , jumping at the promise of high interest , and unscared by the phantom of future Calls , has paid tlie required deposit , which an inconvenient call compels him to sacrifice altogether , or preserve as a forlorn hope , at the expense of future contributions , until the society ' s affairs are wonnd up , and he finds himself liable to all losses ; a few wily concoctors and solicitors taking his crippled child to nurse ; and thus fattening upon his credulity . Hence , we show thesimple value of Co-operation without industry , while we assert , without fear of contradiction , that the carding on the necessary operations of irade depending upon individual industry , is not restricted to three , four , five , ten , or even fifteen per cent . Indeed , the value of capital can be best appreciated by the enormous amount of wealth that its possessors have been enabled to accumulate out of hired labour .

      Let us illustrate this position . A tenant holds a hundred acres of land at one pound an acre , and dear in its present state . It will require £ 500 , or £ 5 an acre to drain i * , and then it becomes worth £ 2 an acre—thus returning the tenant twenty per cent , upon the expenditure of £ 500 , so that , had he giveu fifteen per cent , for the capital , he would still be a gainer of five per cent , by the transaction ; while , through that amount of expenditure in labour the district shopkeepers would be benefited , through them the domestic manufacturer and merchant , and , through all , the government . But this source of specula tion is stopped by the landlord ' s indifference to benefit his tenant , and the tenant ' s indifference to be uefit the landlord ; whereas if it belonged to the occ pier the work would be done . But how much more pointedly the fact will present itself to the reader , when the capital is applied to enable and encourage the small husbandman to prosecute his own industry . The summary of these observations is that

      A Nation ' s Greatness i s betttr secured by individual prosperity than by commercial traffic , which must restrict industry . The duty of a government is to Increase the national resources of the country to the highest state of cultivation they will admit of ; and the way to insure this national good is , by the application of free labour , and the equitable ( NOT EQUAL ) distribution of its produce ; while the error of the present system is , that those who possess capital have the power of resisting the cultivation of our national resources to that particular standard which insures them the largest monopoly of the produce . We hold it to be an indisputable fact that the application of free labour , winch means the labour of the small proprietor to the land , the cultivation of our mines , minerals , and fineries , can alone developed national resources , and at the same time establish a satisfactory standard of wages in the artificial labour market , while the higher rate superinduced by well requited industry in the natural market , could be borne by the manufacturer , the merchant , and trader , by the incalculable impetus given to domestic trade and commerce , through the iucreased consumption of the free labour class

      The industrious man who has contributed a long life s accumulation of property for others must start at ' the announcement of our present prime minister :-" That the criminal law is a problem yet to be solved . ''— " That the sanatory condition of the people is miserably deficient , " and " That our whole system of education requires deep consideration and improvement . " Now we hold that governments , and governments only , are answerable for the law's inequality and imperfections , for sanatory deficiency and educational regulation ; and we further hold that free and well-requited labour would render our criminal law , now a problem , if not obsolete , at least a thing of rare application to an improved and moral society . That the free labourer can best educate bis own children , ventilate his own house , and preserve his own and family ' s health . In the free labour market we estimate a man ' s labour cheaply , very cb . eaply . at £ 50 per annum , and thus , if we have a million of paupers whose strained labour is now worth £ 10 a year each , the nation loses £ 40 , 000 , 000 per annum , added to an expense of seven millions per annum wrung from the labour of the industrious , for no other purpose than to keep up an idle reserve at other people ' s expense , for the capitalist to fall back upon as a means of reducing and keeping down wages in the artificial market . Here then is a national sacrifice to class gain aud individual monopoly . In order , then , to illustrate our plan for creating a free and independent labour class , whose industry shall be applied to the cultivation of our national resources , we propose to establish

      The National Land and Labour Bank upon the following principle : —viz . That it shall consist of three departments ;—a Deposit Department ; a Redemption Department ; and a Sinking Fund Department ; and we shall now treat of those several departments each under its proper head .

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      ( Continuedfrom the First Column . ) " But , " I observed , " have the people tiiemselve , no vices ?•' " Do not misunderstand me , sir , " he replied , " I am not their blind panegyrist ; it is not my wish to extenuate or palliate ; you asked me for their character , and I am defining it . " " Well , but , " said I , " the Times Commissioner gives them a very different character . '

      " The Times Commissioner ! " he rejoined with a withering sneer , " and may I ask , sir , if that is the source from whence you have derived your knowledge of the Irish character ? i ' ou cannot expect our accounts to tally ; you come to me for information , lie acquired his from Parson Preachlove aud Captain Sque < zetenant ; and which , sir , do you consider most likely to be pure or most efficient ? Which is the best authority , the man who mixes with the people 365 days in the year , and who hears their unreserved aud unadorned tale , or those whose approach is an evil omen , preceded by the law ' s stem messenger ? Again sir , who was that Commissioner ?" " Why , a Mr . Foster , " I replied , " an ENGLISH BARRISTER /'

      " Mr . Poster ! an ENGLISH BARRISTER ! " he re . torted with a meer ; " one hired for a purpose , and circumscribed by instructions—a mere PEkPERand you would place his authority in the scale with one whose been born in the land , and for the last 40 years made the subject his daily study . I sec , sir , like most strangers , you have drunk deep of the cup of prejudice . " " Reverend sir , " I replied , " you must pardon me , I am not prejudiced , but merely mentioned the source from which several like nivself have derived

      their information of your country , and my present mission is to hear and judge for myself ; but I was led to believe that the Irish did not consider themselves bound by any moral obligation , and required the force of law to enforce the observance of social duties , and moral obligations . " " How have you applied your information , or what atn I to understand are your deductions , " he asked r " ' _ "Why , " said I , " that false swearing , for instance , in courts of justice , is a thin ^ of common occurrence , isitjnot ?"

      " I understand you , sir , " he replied , " and will endeavour to trace the evil to its source ; the law ever comes to the peasant's door but as a cruel scourge , it never comes as the just avenger ; and from infancy to old age he is trained to deception by a just suspicion of all he comes in contact with . The village housewife instils it into the infant mind , and necessity compels her to do so ; she is watchful and suspicious of every thing above her own degraded class ; hence she will trust her cranling helpless babe to the mercy and consideration of the peasant carter or horseman , while the sound of the

      carriage wheel , or the approach of the aristocratic horseman , is the signal of alarm , and she flies to the rescue . Thus I show you the circumstauces under which children are trained ; and now to the question of false swearing—when life or liberty is about to be sacrificed ( o the law ' s vengeance for the gratification of some powerful enemy ; and , without sanctioning the crime , even I , may palliate it , and ask if it is unnatural to resist tyrant force by moral fraud ; but , sir , " he continued , " in all moral obligations and worldly

      transactions , tell me of a people upon the face of the earth whose dealings are transacted with more fastidious honour , and while you measure our faults by the strict rule which is applicable to parties dealing on terms of per . ' ect equality , to whom the law deals equal justice , aud equal vengeance ; bear one thing in mind , Ireland is as a large camp , besieged by a watchful and implacable enemy , and the besieged are compelled to resist illegal force by justifiable fraud . "

      " What then , " said I , " do you advocate a recourse to physical force as a means of making the enemy raise the siege , as you term it ?'* " Physical force , sir , " he replied , " is a very harmless term in the mouth of an unarmed man , just as moral force is a fine sentiment in the mouth of him with a musket in his hands . It is a resort reprobated by him who owes his power to it , and should never be threatened by those who are not possessed of it ; my ancestors lost their property by brute force and fraud , and whatever peaceful notions of passive obedience and non-resistance my calling compels me to preach , I cannot prescribe the limits by which their descendants should be hound to

      submit to the wrong ; the existing generation can no more ensure posterity ' s obedience to its code of honour , than it can enforce the immutability of its statutes . Do you consider me right or wrong , without reference to my calling ? " " I confess , revereud sir , " I replied , " that your simple reasoning and convincing logic has already shaken the groundwork upon which my youthful opinions have been based , and I freely admit the impurity and just suspicion of the sources from whence my information has been gleaned ; but then , are not your people in a miserably deficient state as regards education ? I met a large farmer to-day who was i gnorant of the existence of Sir Robert Peel or Lord John Russell , and who bad never before heard of the Times newspaper . "

      " That is most likely , sir , " replied my host , and the Time * newspaper was just as ignorant of him , and admitting his want of education , who do you blame for the child ' s ignorance but the undutiful parent : But , sir , " be continued , " if all the money paid by that , peasant to the support of the conqueror ' s church had been expended upon the cultivation of his mind , where is the proof that he would be ignornnt of those statesmen , or THEY OF HIM ? He is as clay in . the potter ' s hand , and is rude and unfinished ' from the potter ' s negligence . Every ignorant , or rather every uneducated , man in a state , i 9 a living reproach to the government he lives under : the strongest condemnation of the system that brutalizes him . "

      " Well but , " I observed , " sure as regards Ireland government is not so much to blame , as your couutry is comparatively untaxed ? " Untaxed , sir , " he rejoined , " we owe the clemency to our poverty and not to our ruler ' s mercy ! Untaxed ! what could they tax but our poverty , and that would be but poor aid to the Exchequer . Taxes , sir , are measured by the rule of ability to pay , and the slightest tax imposed upon an impoverished people would be equivalent to a prohibition of the use of the taxed article . " "What then do you consider your principal grievances , " I asked ?

      " Our principal grievances , " lie replied , " are want of education ; insecurity of tenure ; want of cheap , impartial , and speedy justice , partial representation in the stranger ' s parliament ; imposition of tithes , a tax which appears to have escaped your notice , and , perhaps , the most grievous ; the abandonment of all social and paternal duties by the natural patrons and guardians , and the cruel substitution of a species of step-father tenor , iu the person of middle , men and solicitors , who can have no possible interest in the improvement of agriculture and the people ,

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      ^ Z- ^ r&'C ' ^ r / SZ- ^ sT * ' * - ^ " / S - ' £ < : r- ' - - ' / y > ' - ' ' . '¦¦'¦ ¦ " ? W'i ' -ir ^ ft ' yreV-i- ; and whose only object is to fleece , fleece , ilE 8 ce , jmd : " ^ V ^ ||||| then brutalize , debauch , and abuse , in justification \ x * S of their own unnatural cruelty ; and such are the \ j ;|! p , representatives to whom our deserter landlords have ¦ A " illli delegated the duties that belong to , ami are so inse- '; : ¦ ¦ '' .. ' ¦ . ' ¦ ¦ vo ^ v 1 ? l : parable from , the ownership of property ; hence the . , \\ \ V S ^ step . father becomes u magistrate , grand juror , or' ' 1 ^ iL ^ i juror , and his solicitor , a kind of freebooter , scourg ^ ^ i ? ing the outlawed poor with the oppressor ' s , Iaw » ., / . _" . . .: " % vVaJE ;" ri ?^ while the only duty of the unu&lura'i nvoprietor'i ¦> : ; ' -4 v-. ; 3 J \

      appears to be the enactment of Irish Vaw ' a which will aid his representative in the exaction of his every demand , however unjust , and the enforcement of his every command . " . " You omit want of capital , " I observed . " Capital ! sir ;' he replied , " redrew those grievances , and there is ample capiutt in every p-.-assut's untrammelled arm , fertile brain , and love of independence . " "Well , revereud sir , " said I , " what tta you propose as the remedies for these grievances , which I admit are startling and unanswerable : ' ' :

      "In the first place , " he replied . " j . cr' > oriii ! y of tenure and a sound system of wlitcifiG . 'i , vav \ all \ , others would very speedily foiloiv these improve- ^ s < ments , as , believe me , an indgpemlent educated . people would very speedily enforce 2 \ > ro \ m repre— . j . ^ St sentation of their intellect and itairrowsos-iy : see <« to the law ' s equality ; the equiubk ; ( 'isiribmion of | the national property , and the jp . cisI extensive developement and profitable cultiratic .- ! of tKo national ' resources , and we should be spared the loss and degradation of seeing our hardy peasiwts employed , in ¦ ¦ useless and unprofitable work , to s ; ive tiioir guilty rulers from their vengeance ; it is ; t very , me ' iincisoly sight to see usele . is roads being made a . i a iiisaiis of ; oppressive landlords securing exorbitiidi r . ra r ? ijt of --:- - the farmer , while Ins own land it blerik ibr want of

      proper cultivation , Ailow tin : producer io cultivate the land for his own benefit , and 1 pledge : uv word that he will soon cultivate his ciii ' . dren's winds and train them to the enforcement 0 / njore regard and a better system of representation . ' " Now , my clear sir , " I observed , : ' i * . nut England , upon the whole , a benefactor aaii ; a :: hful ally tu Ireland ? Does she not afiurii your people a good and convenient market , and what am it sigaify to the vendor where he sells his produM , provided he gets a fair price , and as to poverty , \ v « are Usngut that it is the will of God , that poor h ' isil always abide in the land . "

      "As to your first proposition , " said he . " i -shall answer that presently , and to the iasr : ny answer is , that we are not taught that the producers ! only shall constitute that class prescribed by Holy Writ , liut you ask me , what it can signify to tha vowiur where he sells bis produce , so long as In ; rcrcivai- ; i good price—I will give you an illustration fiorss my nwn neighbourhood—a rule , not an cxcq > tit > ii—omia- uuo tlisce oraiies . The late Lord i ] uU"n > niic drew

      £ 10 , 000 per annum in rents trom uv . s iisrUn and spcut every farthing of that sum hi it ; liic un'sent man draws the same amount ar . il spsnds not one sixpence a-year in it : now what must be the balance against the parish iu the latter cast ; . " Enough , enough , " I replied , " it is too true ; but yet your arguments are opposed to ail O . m principles of political economy , and are at V 8 rii ;; u : e with the reasoning of the Times and other papers upon whose faith so manv inir . ds are made up . "

      " Political economy and the Tirne ? l" rejoins ! bis reverence with a sneer and rathe : ' hastily , adding " Pray tell me , sir , would you take your opinion of plaintiff ' s case from defendant ' s brief ; auti , if not , be assured that you can as little rely upon newspaper philosophy . The Times , sir , is uoiuing more than defendant ' s brief . ' Ireland is plaintiff , « i : d the writers of that journal are I ' ee'd by defendants precisely as counsel is fee'd . The Irish peus . le ; ire not clients of the Wines , because they ciiunoi fee its proprietors ; aud , therefore , as far as regards that

      journal , they are out of Court . 1 ou arc ii young man , " continued the worthy pastor mildly , " and do not piu your faith to newspapers , or ibc fiunour of statesmen , as both are conventional &-.-A iiullow . And now , sir , " continued he , " a . *! to politic ; , ! economy—to what school , or class , or section . oe tribff , do you belong ? because , as yet I have never found any two to agree . You may , probably , have . seen a showman present a plain sheet of paper to ihu . spec tators , and astonish , delight , and puzzle t \ m » , hytht many varied shapes he makes it assume ?" « I certainly have , " I said .

      " Well , " said he , " that is his political economy Political economy is the showman ' s puzzle , the merchant ' s philosophy , the trader ' s ready reckoner , and the poor man ' s thief j and , as to governments , they , for the time being , represent the largest showman they have no other rule than expediency . One of its principal features is to buy cheap and to ssil dearthat is , to send a board of works to establish a standard , not of value , but of forbearance i . md existence , for labour , and then a standard ibr the price of Indian corn . Now , pray inform me what quality of

      reciprocity or equality is to be found iu that bargain ; and arc the contracting parties upon equal terms and equally untrammelled ? Beliuvt ; me , sir , the basis of the science of political economy—if any such science ever shall exist—must be equality , reciprocity , mutuality , and legislative regulation , -where vendor and purchaser can meet upon equal terms in the mart of representation , while the very fact of capricious laws being called in aid of tho principle , proves that it is a DELUSION a MOCKERY , and a SNARE . "

      Ibis charming , and to me , instructive lesson , was continued to a later hour tbau the hard-worked pastor was in the habit of devoting to other society , than the care of his flock , and after having apologized for my frequent and rather abrupt interruptions , I received hearty absolution for all , upon the assurance , that henceforth I was a deserter from the ranks of showmen , jugglers , capitalists , merchants , traders , newspapers and statesmen , and to Mrs , Mahony ' a great delight she was roused from the kitchen

      chimney corner to show Captain Burford ' s friend to hit room , and where I found every thing conducive to comfort : the worthy dame , after wishing me a good night ' s rest , telling me not to let his reverence ' s going out in the morning wake me , as I could sleep till seven or eight , as may be I was tired , mid by that time she would have my breakfast ready and my boots cleaned , and hot water , and every thing I wished for ; and I am free to admit that I learned more of Ireland and the Irish in one night from the outlawed and plundered descendant of an ancient

      family , than from all I had ever heard or read of that ill-fated aud oppressed country and people . ( 7 b be cmtinutd . )

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      Tub Muhder and Suicidb in Lambeth . — The police , obtained a clue which eventually led to the identification of the- female and child . " The female had formerly lived in tho service of seveivil families in Lambeth , but whilst in one of her ^ situationa she was seduced , and she ultimately gave bir ; h to the child found in the wa : cr with her . Since her coa-( inement she has b .-cn subject to ^ roiit privation , haviug no sctt'ed place of abode , im ' Dsrone week ia one part of the tomi and then shifting to other quarters . Her name was Hannah IU'id , her age 32 and iherbilil was onlv 11 months old . < uul was

      named William Reid . From what has since transpirvd , no Jouot exists but that tho unfortunate creature had ilestiv . yoi ! her own life , and also that ot her nilsprins :. The last time sue was setu alive wna on Thursday last , when she appeared very Uiseonsolnte and unhappy , and she frcqueutly stated thai her troubfen was tuovd than slio c ;> uld stand ygaiusf . Since that day she hail written a letter to the party win ) liad iduutiiicd the bodies , in which she made known her intention of destroying her life , aud stated that it waj all owing to the trciitmeufc she li : ul received t ' rotii cue of her own relatives * _'

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      IRELAND . NARRATIVE OP MALCOLM M'GREGOR . so . vni . 1 presume the reader will not require the usual minute description of viands , delicacies and wines that the humble priest ' s " table groaned under , " hot will be saikfied at learning that our repast did not consis of all the delicacies that the season could afford , that we had neither turtle , champagne nor sherbet ;

      turhot . venison , nor claret ; rose water nor damask napkins ; but that the fare was substantial and of the farm ' s produce , the manual producer and client regaling himself in the kitchen , while the worthy pastor and patron was enjoying his merited reward in the parlour . Meanwhile it may not be out of place to give the reader a description of " mine host . "

      The Rev- Mr . O'Farrell , then , as he informed me , is in his 68 th year , is over six feet high , and straight as a whip , with long white venerable locks small , " but piercing blue eye , aquiline nose , high cheek hone , bold forehead , and the fresh complexion of vigorous youth ; the stranger , if asked to guess his age , would say nearer fifty than sixty ; such is the value of contentment , occupation and frugality .

      When the cloth , was removed , and after my ho 6 t sndliis coadjutor , for such was our companion , had made sundry anxious inquiries after my friend Capt . Burford , I iufroduced the subject of the state of Ireland , and , after a short discussion npon the present calamity , I requested the Rev . Mr . 0 'Farr . ell to give me his opinion of the Irish character , Irish grievances , and what he considered would be the remedy . "As to the Irish character , " said he , " the neaven-born characteristics are bravery , hospitality

      gratitude , industry , and frankness ; the system engendered vices are timidity , parsimony , idleness , doubt and suspicion ; if I may be allowed the simile , a graft of the sour crab upoa thesweeteve a PPie . A parent , sir , is ever the greatest martyr to bis own harshness , negligence , or over-indulgence ss the vices instilled in youth will grow with man . lood and gain strength with age , and a negligent

      government has no more right to complain of * he rices of a people than the parent has of ^ ose of the child . The duty of the father 15 to foster virtue and discourage vice , and his reward will be generous and full in the obedience of & children , while , upon the other hand , neglect 0 P ^ estal duties will lead to disobedience and rebellion . " ( Continued io tlie Fifth CoIubul )

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      Hedemption Department . The Redemption Department to be open to the members of the Land Company , and who , whether occupants or shareholders , will be entitled to deposit their funds in that department upon the following conditions : — That each shareholder may ' deposit any amount not less than threepence at one time , and for which he shall receive interest at the rate of four per cent , perannum . This fund will be applicable to the purchase of Land or fining down of the occupants' rent- charge , at the rate of four per cent ., or twenty . fi ve years ' purchase—that is , that a depositor having £ 25 in the redemption Department when he is eligible for occupation , will be entitled to a reduction of £ 1 per annnm from his rent-charge—that is , the member who , if not a depositor , would be liable to a rent of £% a year , will , when he has paid up £ 25 , be entitled to receive his allotment at £ 7 rent . We state £ 25 , but the depositor of any sura uuder that amount , down to £ 0 , would be entitled to apply his deposit to the reduction of his rent at four percent . The additional half per cent , being guaranteed in consequence of shareholders who deposit their monies in the Bedemption Department not being allowed to withdraw more than one-half the amount dc posited , and being obliged to give a month ' a notice before they can draw any portion of their deposit from that department , which however would be equivalent to read y money as a transfer of the deposit less the month ' s interest ( the lender receiving the interest ) could be effected .

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      Sinking Fund Department . The funds of this department would consist of two and a-half per cent , in landed property over and above the liability of three-and-a-half per cent payable as interest to the depositors . The profits from this department to be added to the redemption department , and equally applied to the purchase orreduction of the rent of shareholders who had been depositors iu the redemption department ; aud to be applied in aid of the location of the poorer occupants , to be repaid by them in easy and convenient instalments . We shall now proceed to consider the LIABILITIES AND CONTINGENCIES consequent upon the deposit department , and the Company ' s means of meeting them . We will presume that . £ 5 , 000 , or one half of the whole sum in the deposit department , was liable to be withdrawn on demand . The Company should , consequently , be prepared with that amount , to meet any contingency , and which it proposes to do in the following manner ; that is to say by the application of the Company ' s floating capital for carrying on building and other operations , and which would be always vested in a Bank , paying two and a-half per cent , as at present , and would be constituted of fuuds paid upon account of shares , and not belonging to any of the three departments . The remainder of the funds in the several departments would be applicable to the purchase of land , erection of houses , and location of occupants . Vf /^ V / V *^^^/^/^^^

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      dispenses . The expenses of the Banking Department are amply provided for by the payment of one shilling per year , per share , payable by the shareholders in thP Land Con , pany , andthe . surpluSintheseveraldepartmentsto be applied to the benefit of the shareholders upon the winding up of the section to which they belong . _

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      Mode of Securing the Means of Meeting Liabilities , The Land Company proposes to locate its members npon two acres of land which shall have cost £ 18 . 15 s . peracre , or £ 37 . 10 s .: to erect a house which shallcost £ 30 , and to expend in improvements , and give to the occupant , the sum of £ 15 , making a total of £ 82 . 10 s ., audfor which preliminary expend ., ture the Company charges £ 5 a-year ; and five per cent upon all momes above that sum expended in the purchase of the Land and the erection of a house that is , if the land costs £ 30 an acre instead of £ 18 las ., and the house £ 60 instead of £ 30 , the occupants will pay £ 5 per cent , upon £ 22 . 10 s . the additional price of the Land , and £ 5 per cent , upon the £ 30 , the additional price of the house , making a total increased expenditure of £ 52 . 10 s ., thus making the rent of occupant in the latter case £ 712 s . 6 d . per annum ; the same scale being applicable to any priced land and any priced house in a descending as well as an ascending ratio-tbat is , if land shall be purchased at a less amount than £ 18 15 s , an acre , £ 5 per cent , in rent shall be deducted from the reduced Drice of the land .

      Suppose , then , the occupant , whose land shall have cost £ 30 an acre , and whose house shall have cost £ 60 , and who shall have received £ 15 capital , that occupant will have cost the Company £ 135 , less £ 2 10 s . the original amount paid for the share-thus making the Company ' s expenditure £ 132 10 g . without taking credit for any portion of the £ 15 capital expended in operations of husbandry or other improvements which increase the value of the hold , ing . For this £ 132 10 s . the Society receives £ 7 12 s . 6 d . in the shape of rent-charge , or within a fraction of 5 f per cent , upon the outlay , without any margin for the increasing value secured upon the expenditure of a man and his family ' s labour to that amount of ground . In the case of a man holding four acres of g round , and whose house would cost £ 80 , the Society ' s profit would be reduced to about 5 * per cent , upon the outlay . This scale shows the equity of the standard upon which the rent of allotments has been established , and , perhaps , may be met with the assertion , that i is a high per centage upon the outky , and which assertion we meet

      thus—Erstly , —Without co-operation the occupants could not procure a single allotment . Secondly , —An individual carrying out thescheme would charge rent according to the retail value , amounting to about £ 15 per cent ., regulated only by the convenience and desi e of the poor occupant to have a field whereon to expend his ' own labour . Thirdly , —The individual would not convey the convenient allotment in fee , and consequently the occupant would be liable to a periodical increase of rent as a tax upon his own industry . Fourthly , —All profits consequent upon saving of rent over interest is divided equitably amongst the several shareholders . Fifthly , —A small proprietary class is the only possible means by which the fair standard of the price of labour can be established in the artificial market . The on y means by which poar rates and workhouses can be made unnecessary ; The only means by which the national resources can be fully developed and profitably cultivated ; ' The only means by which famine—save that which is the will of God—can be averted ; The ouly means that can render man indifferent to foreign production ; The only means that can give an impetus to home trade and home industry Tlie only means that can secure a national milit ' a , who will fly to the cry of " My cottage and my country are in danger !"; The only means by which education can be encouraged , health secured , and violation of the laws of society , be considered crime ; The only means by which the arts and sciences of Britain can be made to vie with those of any other na'ion upon earth . The only means by which the good in each man may be developed , and his evil propensities kept iu subjection by the wholesome chastisemen t of public censure and disapproval .

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      Deposit . TheDepoBitDepartmenttobe open to all who wish to vest their monies upon the security of the landed property of the National Co-operative Land Company . and bearing interest at the rate of 3 § per cent , pe * annum . The capital deposited to be regulated by the . following scale :-that is to say .-that for every £ 60 payable as rent-charge by the occupants , over and above the amount necessary to pay the interest of £ 4 P er cent , on the Redemption Fund , the directors will be empowered to receive £ 1000 , thus leaving a sinking fund in this department over and above the company ' s liabilities of two and a half per cent .

      Suppose , for instance , an estate producing £ 600 a year over and above the Company ' s liabilities of £ 4 per cent ( upon the amount in the redemption department ) to be occupied by the members of the company , who will each have received a conveyance in fee of his allotment , subject to a rent-charge proportioned to the purchase money and outlay ; upon this estate , conveyed by the trustees as security to the bank , the directors would be empowered to raise £ 10 , 000 , and would be liable to £ 350 a year interest at 3 i per cent , upon the borrowed capital of £ 10 , 000 . Each depositor of any amount not exceeding £ 10 would be entitled to draw that amount on demand . A depositor wishing to draw any amount from £ 10 to £ 20 , must give one week ' s notice . From £ 20 to £ 50 , a fortnight ' s notice ; and from £ 50 , to any amount , one month ' s notice . The amount of deposit at any one time not to be less than two shillings and sixpence .

      T0 The Members Of The Chartist Co-Operative Land Compaky.

      T 0 the MEMBERS OF THE CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE LAND COMPAKY .

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      r / tZiilta <^^ rU ^ \ ^^ h ^^^^^^ l * bH ^^ v k ^ I ^ h ' ^ I ^ h 1 ^ 1 ^ 1 ^ ^ P ^^^^ M 9 ^^ Er 1 C ^ h I B ^^ l I » BH * BSh h ^^ I I ^^^^ b I fl ^^ B ^* J ^ R ^^ v 1 ^ BBl I ^ B 9 l j * ^^^^^^^^^^^^ Bh ^^^ w ^^^ B ^ D ^ ^^^ h ^^^ bi ^^^^*~ - * ^^^ h i l ^ fl AND NATIONAL TRADES JOURNAL .

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      gg LjUSO-479- LONDON , SATURDAY , DECEMBE , g 8 6 ^ 1 § l 6 f- - ^ Igj ^^^ ,

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 26, 1846, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1398/page/1/