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Northern Star (1837-1852), 28th November 1846, Edition 1 of 3, Page 3, £ebfeto£u

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      Untitled Article

      nv THE ANNEXATION OF CRACOW TO 0 > iu ^ AUSTRIA . rWe bate much pleasure in giving insertien to the fnliowing spirited lines , and also to the author ' s prel-niinarr remarks , with every word of which we £ Sconcur .-Ed . tf . Sa In m y opinion , the annexation of Cracow is , without exception , the most barefaced combination of Insolence and tyranny , recorded in modern history . Thi « , sir , is a question of treaty-breaking , of far more consegnence to the world , than all the humbug and Jnonsense about the Montpensier marriage , and the geaty of Utreteht If the treaty of Vienna is to be fjja 3 * brokcn with impunity , where can unfortunate

      Poland look for help ? her last remnant , swallowed jvthe murderers of Tarnow . This I conceive , is a ^ in whkh England and France would be justified in interfering by force of anna . God send the day T hcD the Chartists of England and the Republicans of france shall be-able to make common cause with jke oppressed and down-trodden Poles , and moving cn with a power too mighty for resistance proelaimjjg Poland once again a nation , then we shall no more see an alliance of Kings , to tyrannise over their fellow-m en , but an alliance of all the friends of freedom , of every colour , clirao , and creed , and that jeroic race , that , with John Sobieski , rolled back the tide of Turkish power , from its inroad on Austria , flie foremost in the ranks .

      lor Poland there is no time to weep , Since her last remnant's pone ; To swell the list of wrongs that keep Tengeancefor many a throne ; When nations rise in armed array ; Then comes all tyrant ' s reckoning day . The palace of the Jagellons ; Has been profaned by Austria ' s tread And had this world one claim upon Her heroes they'd rose from the dead , And grasped their ancient sword and speer With Boleslaus , and Casinrir , Is this , Austria , thy gratitude ! When Uoslem thundered at thy gate ;' All in "Vienna palsied stood , Deeming a captive ' s doom , their fate : Knowing the fierce Conrnourgi near ; Of Mahmond's troops , the Grand Vizier .

      But sparring , in hot haste , their steeds ; Come horsemen like a moving cloud , To aid the Austrian in his need ; Hark to that war-cry , long and loud ; Hark i " God for Poland ; " is their cry , Their leader the brave Sobieski . "What ! trherea Mast ' s sceptre strayed ; Shall Austrian banners basely &j ? Are all mankind alike afraid ; 2 s or dare to crush such tyranny ? Shall Poland ' s last remnant perish thus Between the Austrian and Buss ! Gnizet and Louis Pbillippe plot , To crash in France-the name of Poles ; Such actions scarcely are a blot . So mean , deceitful , are their souls , That grasps at power . This at geld .

      Shall freedom nous be bought and sold f The mask is torn from off thy face ; Thou double dealing king All now is gone , to thy disgrace Worse ; fame could never bring ; But perhaps , ' tis best it should be so , That men their friends and foes should know . Aye , go , thou harsh , unpitying man , Whilst Freedom sleeps in broken slumbers , And whilst thou do'st each movement scan Dream not the writhing that encumbers Her , in her sleep with choking breath . Are her last throes , preluding death . So ! like the sun at morning breaking Through the eloua banks , both dun and dark And all the world to vigour waking , Ib Freedom ' s half-extinguished spark . Chains , dungeon , scaffold , and the knout , Are Tain—that spark must not go out .

      As came of old , the prophet ' s voice , To Judea ' s lofty King , Which bade him no more to rejoice In any earthly thing ; For power and throne are passed away , And he is but as common ( day . Snch be the fate , Poland ! of those Who hare kept thee beneath The iron yoke , nor dared oppose Thy sufferings ' midst snow and heath When Freedom rallies in her might , May millionsflocls to aid the right .

      When democractic England ' s bands , And Prance ' s sons together rally ; With many more from other lands ; From Switzerland ' s hills to Ireland ' s valley , And Poland ' s sons banded again , Wfio will not wish God speed to such a train ! Xot . 25 , 1846 . Altbid Frssiu

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      DISTRESS THE CONSEQUENCE OF CAPITAL . : Bt H . C . Magcibg . London ; F . C . TVestky : 163 , Strand . The good intentions of the author of this pamphlet cannot be doubted , and the ability with which he lias conducted his argument must be conceded , bnt nnforturately his suggested remedy for the distress lie so feelingly deplores is but a miserable expedient , which we must unhesitatingly condemn . Our author gets out by proving that distress , as a class eyil , affects no class but the operative and labouring classes , fie examines the state of landlords , capitalists , manufacturers , lawyers , medicals , writers , actors , musicians , sculptors , painters , architects , &c , &c , showing that all those clauses are wealthier

      than at any former period of their existence . Individual distress may exist amongst them , but this distress is not characteristic of any one of the classes . The distress of classes is confined to that multitudinous body which includes all those who receive TOges , or salaries , for executing with their own Lands that which passes as the production of the manufacturing capitalist , or dealer who employs them . Tracing the various divisions of this working body , and coming to the poorest—composed of some mlUions—our author says , "The principle which governs the lowest class is , what is the smallest amount of nourishment and repose which will keep in existence the quantity of labour required ? And it Is tlii-, principle alone which regulates the wages they receive , and the hours of their rest . " "It is this class that we find to be deteriorating . " We quote the following from Me . Maguire ' s theory of W ££ LTH . EWealth is the power of obtaining the necessaries , Nmrttiiences and enjoyments of civilized life with personal exertion—in other words , the ability of purchasing the labours of others as a substitute for our own . Wealth can only come into existence by the accumulfihoa of excessive production . Thus ;—rrhen the total annual produce of the agriculture of a nation exceeds fit total annual consumption , that excess becomes a merchandizaltle commodity to the nation . Also , when the total annual amount of the manufactures of a nation Exceeds the total annual amount of consumption , that Excess becomes a merchandizable commodity to the nation . Botboftliose excesses are exchangeable for the productions of foreigners . Both these foreign productions ma / be consumed within the year , and there will be no accumulation no wealth . At the end of a given period the ability of the nation to purchase the labour rfoihers as a substitute for its own would not be greater

      than at the beginning . Again : the annual consumption of foreign produce in a nation may be greater in amount than its own annual excess of production , and it would be in debt . The foreigner would have the power of obtaining its labour , ¦ Rhflehe , the foreigner , was idle . Such a nation cannot . polices wealth . But , when the total annual excess of produce above consumption , agricultural and manufactured , taken together , exceeds the annual amount of foreign production consumed in a nation that excess is wealth ! It has been accumulated : and , whether in the former of foreign produce , home produce , or the precious metals , it Is the accumulation of excessive production in the nation , and contains the power of purchasing the labour of others . It u WEALTH !

      The source of this excessive production is labour . * if a labourer can gain sufficient wagefito supporthim-* df and family by working eight hours per diem , and he Works ten , allowing the amount gained in the additional two hours to accumulat ¦ , every fifth year he will have put by sufficient to keep himself and family without working w If he were & shoemaker , aad , at eight hours per 'fejt produced three hundred pairs of shoes in one year , attlie tndof four years , by working ten hours per day , ie would hare by him an amount of labour equal to three hundred pai rs of shoes , or the amouut of labour of on « "ooanakcrfor one year , at eight hours per day . This , ^ ihe individual , would be accumulated labour , excess ° ' Jfoducti on—WEALTH . The possessor could com"" "d the same necessaries and enjoyments for himself

      fwJ famil y for that year , without labour , that he had foiswhtn he" worked eight hours per day . But the woemakfcr has been set to work by the capital ' of another , ?™ has given the additional two hours for the uae of r 131 capital . There is still an accumulation of three ° naflred jai ^ of s - nots . aey are the WEALTH of n « ther : but the excess of production is the sariie . It is Wui nulattd labour , and has become the pro 6 t on capital , ^ aw : nam : a iabour . Itis WEALTH to the posses-* 5 and , supposing the eight hours per day production to Ve let a sufficient for home consumption , it has become | j ^^ aadizjbfe commodity to the nation of three ^^ ds pai of shoes ; and it is the excess in amount « j erthandizable commodities so accumulated over " ^ ne consumption of foreign produce that composes " £ iLTii gr capital of the nation .

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      Bat the totjd fcfiaUili ttceM of pfoflaeB abofa eeni ¦ umpbon , which forms the merchandiahle commodity of action , may exceed the amount of foreign produce consumed In it , yet not be sufficient to satufy the foreign demand . There would then be a consumption among foreigners for that produce ; for exeess ' of demand is competition ; andftere would be an increase in price . The merchant would receive in foreign produce a greater amount of labour for a lesser : the labour price of the foreign commodity would be reduced , that of the home produce would be raised . The merchant would enter into competition with the consumer at home , and not merely the excess , but the whole of that produce , whether manufactured or agricultural , would be purchased for the use of the foreigner , unless the home consumer agreed to give such price as should equalise the competition . This excessive demand would motive an increased production , a competition for labour , and , if that is deficient , a rise of wages . If this excess of demand were only for one species of produce , high wages would cause labour to be absorbed in that direction , until increased

      production in that species , anu increased wages in the others should have equalised competition ; and , while the excess in demand continued , every species of labour would share in the advantage . There would , under such circumstances , be no accumulation of native produce . The accumulated labour , or wealth of the nation , would be composed of the precious metals , or foreign merchandizable commodities , for which the native excess of production had been exchanged ; and the profit on capital , absorbed in the accumulation , would be pro-Tided for by a reduction in the labour price of the foreign commodity . Home labour would be at a premium , Wages would be high .

      On the other hand : when the annual excess of the merchandizable commodities of a nation is greater than the demand of the foreigner , there will be an excess in the supply , and accumulated WEALTH of the nation will consist principally of home produce . Now , as the accumulation of produce , when the chances of sale are distant and uncertain , demands more capital than would be required for purchasing that produce for immediate use , there must be an increase of profit , when the sale occurs , to pay for the use of that additional capital . This cannot be extracted from the consumer , by an increase ofprice , ln&in * riiel where the supply already exceeds the demand . Without the additional capital the labourer is idle . It cannot be obtained without a profit ; and , as the labourer cannot wait , he must provide for that profit by a reductien in his wages .

      By this means the supply is still increasing . There is now in the market the labourers and the accumulated labour . If the amount accumulated by the labour of one shoemaker , in four years , were three hundred pairs of shoes , or the amouut of one sear ' s labour , and everj shoemaker bad manufactured in that time an egua quantity above consumption , there would be so much accumulated labour , so much WEALTH to the capitalist : so much mercbandizable commodity to the nalion . But how does this WEALTH affect the shoemaker « Why , there would for that year be an

      aquivalent to double the number of shoemakers in the market . So many living shoemakers seeking employment , and the representative labour of an equal number to en . ter into competition with those living ones . Xot an open , fair , equal competition ; for the hoHers of that representative labour are more interested in its con . sumption than in the consumption of that which is not jet manufactured . Could the capitalist then pay the same wages for manufacturing shoes as if this amount of accumulated labour were not in existence ! Certainly not . And if they could not be manufactured forless they would not be manufactured at all .

      The same excess of production that accumulated labour goes on to increased accumulation , but with still farther reduction of wages ; for the labourer must again provide the interest for the capital he has himself created ¦ and he who formerly supported his family bj his own exertions is now obliged to use the assistance of his children , who , at an early ago , become competititors against himself in the labour market . The consequence of reduced wages becomes the cause of farther reduction , until the price ot labour is diminished to the lowest possible amount that can keep labourers in existence . Further on we quote our author ' s prediction respecting America . He ia . seemingly not aware that his prediction is already to a * great extent a realized fact : — _

      Let us now observe the condition of a labourer in what 16 called s poor country—a nation whose annual excess of home produce above consumption is below the amount of foreign produce consumed in it . America for instance , gloriously in debt , and owing money , as a nation , its productions ha » e t « pay . There the demand for labourers is always greater than the supply ; and the consequent high wages , so far from rendering labourers more plentiful , increases the demand . The land itself , in America , may be called an accumulated demand for labour ; and , as the redundance from agricultural produce —from its nature perishable—cannot be accumulated to a very great degree , its excessive production reduces the necessaries of life toa low price , without at all

      operating npon wages . The nation is poor , while the labourer is rich . This principle goes on , and must go on , until the land becomes property . Then , and not till then , may America expect a nome-breed of labourers , equivalent to the home demand . Then will labour begin to accumulate , and the nation to increase in WEALTH . The mercbandizable commodity will have become abundant , when the competition among the labourers shall have reduced them to the same privations as their brethren among the wealthy nations of the Old World . Thatthis period will arrive , even in America , there can be no doubt , and the greater freedom in then : institutions will only hasten the arrival of that epoch when the supply of labour shall exceed the demand .

      We have n room for comment , we must hasten to Mr . Ma « uire's conclusions . After showing that at the expiration of some ; four or five i years , an immense addition will be made to our pauper population , by the Armies of disbanded railway labourers ; that Corn Law Repeal , as a remedy for this pauperism will be provtd to be all moonshine : that "education" as a remedy , is all fudge ; he comes to his own plan for alleviating the misery of millions , and saving the country from social convulsion : — Let the Lejpslatureundertake expensive improvements , in different parts of the kingdom , so selecting as not to interfere with probable speculative ) enterprizefrom other sources . Such works as , though promising , eventually , whole or partial remuneration for the lay out , do not offer sufficient assurance of profits to attempt the investment of private capital in their execution .

      Let these works be a certain refuge lo the destitute labourer ; and make them the labour . testof the able-bodied applicant for parochial relief , each Union paying in proportion to the number of its poor so employed . An estimate may be made as to the amount necessary to supply a working man or woman with sufficient of the plainest food , coarsest clothing , and merely wholesome shelter ; and let these public works be always open * a receive labourers at the rates obtained from that estimate , whether on their own voluntary application , or as the labour-test of the Union Workhouse . Thesa public works may be called " The Labourer ? Refuse , " and be so conducted , that there shall always be sufficient employment available at a living rate of wages ; consequently , no private capitalist or speculator could cuccessfully offer loss .

      There will be no difficulty in selecting sites for this species of enterprize . Numerous occasions for desirable and useful improvements , which would repay , or nearly repay the money laid out , although not sufficiently profitable in promise to attract the speculator , are in existence in every locality . Recovery of waste lauds ; recovery of lands from the sea ; drainage , Ac , < fcc , all demanding immense labour , offer themselves in every neighbourhood . The revenue accruing from the completion of One utldertaking would contribute funds towards the commencement of another . Such is Mr . Maguire ' s panacea , " liost lame and impotent conclusion , "

      We should like to know in what respect the millions he would doom to Egyptian bondage , such as he has suggested , would be better off than slaves ? The builders ot the pyramids were not doomed to worse slavery than that Mr . Maguire suggests . Condemned to the most painful toil , and most appalling hardships , their only reward would be " sufficient of the plainest food coarsest clothing , and merely wholesome shelter . " Would Mr . Maguire call such men "free born Britons ? " We are prevented by want of room from offering further comment , save this advice to Mr . Maguire . If . he is in earnest in his desire to alleviate the sufferings of his wronged fellow-countrymen , let him study what the Ch artists are doing , and what tiiev aim at . Not this side ef the cultivation of every Tost of English grounl , public and private , for the sustenance of the entire English people , wiil such ascheme as that of Mr . Maguire ' s be needed , or be tolerated .

      " A time there was ere England ' s griefs begnn , ^ When every rood of ground maintained its man ;' and what has been , may be again ; or , rather a better time may come when the principle proclaimed by Goldsmith , will be more happily embodied , bo say the Land Democrats of the Chartist Co-operative Land Company , and they say true .

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      MFYTO 1 HAL AND REMONSTRANCE REfl'ECl ^ SLAVERY TO TUB CHURCHES OF TIIE UNITED STATES OF AMERICABy the Synod of the United Secession Church Glasgow : Russell , 7-5 , Argyll-street . At the meeting of the United Associate Synod on the Sdi of May last , the following resolution was unanimously adopted : — That the Synod , regarding the system of slavery as a heinous sin , and that of Americans of a peculiarly heinous and aggravattd character—and having , with these convictions , on former occasious addressed tue

      Presbyterian Churches of America in the language of faithml and earnest remonstrance , but hitherto without the desired effect , now feel it their imperative and solemn duty to oxpress their unwillingness to hold Christian fellowship with any Church which sanctions that system of iniquity ; and appoint a Committee to prepare a memorial unbodyinj ; these sentiments , to be addressed to the Prep byttrian and other Churches in America giving their sanction to slavery—in that memorial remonstrating against this unholy thing , aud entreating them to put it entirely away .

      ' 1 he memorial having been prepared by the Committee was adopted by the Synod , at their meeting in October last ; the said memorial constitutes the present publication . This Remonstrance is temper-

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      ately , but fitmly Worded , and had our best wishes for its success .

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      THE PROBLEM SOLVED . This is the title of a pamphlet forwarded to ub from America . It appears to be No . I . of a publication appearing , or intended to appear , under the above title ; and bears the imprint of " Thomas Yarney , Editor and Proprietor , Po 3 ey County , Indiana . " The editor , it appears , has been a Communist , but has become convinced by experience that communities are impracticable , and now aims at establishing what he calls "the system of Association without Combination . " The editor is . however , only

      a sort of precursor prophet to Joaiah Warren , who is the author of what he calls the system of '' Equitable Commerce . " Messrs . Warren and Vartiey proclaim themselves the champions of individualism , opposed to communism ; not such individualism , however , as at present exists , but a far higher and better order of things , promised by so many Social Reformers , but not yet realized . How this is to be accomplished , the " Problem Solved" is to show ; but as we have only Been the first number , we cannot inform our readers of the solution . This publication also advocates the system of Phonography-

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      MACKENZIE'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND . ( Portable Penny Edition . ) London : E . Mackenzie , 111 , Fleet Street . From No . 2 of this excellent little work , which every working man should purchase for the instruction of his children , we give the following notice of THE nEPTABCHT . The word "Heptarchy is derived from two Greek words , meaning seven and chief . The term is app lied te this portion ' , of English history , from the Saxon power being held by seven kings , Kent : this kingdom commenced in 455 , and ended in 808 : . its chief town was Canterbury . Sussex : or the South Saxons , contained the counties of Surrey and Sussex : it began in 477 , and ended in 751 : chief town , Chicnester . Wessex , or West Saxons , occupied the counties of Cornwall , Devon , Dorset , Somerset , Wilts , Hants , and Berks : began in 521 , ended 800 : chief town , Winchester . Essex , or the East Saxons , embraced Middlesex , Essex , and part of Hertfordshire : began in 527 , and ended 746 chief town . London .

      Northumbria , or the land north of the Humber , con . tained Yorkshire , Durham , Lancashire , Westmoreland , Cumberland , and Northumberland : it began 517 , ended 800 : chief town , York . East jLnglia , « r country of the East Angles , consisted of Suffolk , Norfolk , Cambridge , and the Isle of Ely : began in 571 , ended 792 : chief town , Dunwicn . Jfercia , or if yrena-rie , the Woodland kingdom , contained Huntingdon , Rutland , Lincoln , Northampton , Leicester , Derby , Nottingham , Oxford , Chester , Salop . Gloucester , Worcester , Stafford , Warwick , Buckingham , Bedford , and Hertford : began 581 , ended 828 : chief town , Leicester .

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      PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED . " The Dreamer ' s Dictionary , being a key to night visions , and a sure and safe euide for explaining remarkable Dreams . " E . Mackenzie , 111 , Fleetstreet . "The Ches 9 Player ' s Hand Book , with the rules of Chess , Draughts , Back-eammon . Whist , and Cribbage . " E . Mackenzie , 111 , Fleet-street . "Law versus Privilege ; or , an argument for the Rights of the Electoral Body against the power assnmed by the House of Commons , to imprison the Representatives of the People . " Jamed Duffy , 10 , Wellington-quay , Dublin .

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      —^ 41 THE GOOD OLD TIMES . " The stranger who now visits the Tower is shown the thumbscrews and other instruments of torment which formed part of the spoils of Phillip's lost armadas . He views them probably with a devout feelin ? of gratitude for the defeat of the cruel and insolent Spaniard , and perhaps exults , with a pride which ignorance excuses , in the idea that his forefathers of that time were not as other men . Alas ! the use of these horrible engines of despotism and superstition was then a matter of every-day occurrence ; and 'the worst atrocities of the Inquisition , even the ouUitttes of the Bastile , might have been matched within a stone ' s throw of London-bridge , From the history of the " Trial of the Earl of Somereet for the poisoning of Sir Thomas Overbury in the Tower of London ( just published ) , we give the following description ot several instruments of

      TORTURE . The Sack was a large wooden frame of oak , raised three feet from the ground : the prisoner was laid under it , on his back , upon the floor ; his wrists and ancles were attached by cords to two collars at the ends of the frame , these ends were moved by levers in opposite directions , till the body rose to the level of the frame ; qucs . tions were then put , and if the answers did not prove satisfactory , the sufferer was stretched more and more , by the further elongation of the ends of the frame from each other , through means of the levers , until the bone ; started from their sockets . The Scavenger ' s Daughter , another instrument of torture used in the Tower , was a broad hoop of iron , con . sisiing of two parts fastened to each other by a hinge ; it operated by pressure over tbe small of the back , and by force of the compression , Boon caused the blood to flow from the nostrils .

      The Iron GaunVet , another kind of torture , served to compress tbe wrists and suspend the prisoner in tbe air , from two distant points of a beam . " I felt , " said F . Gerard , one of the sufferers by this kind of torture , " the chief pain in my breasts , belly , arms , and hands . I thought that all the blood in my body had run into my arms , and began to burst out at my finger ends . This was a mistake , but my arms swelled till the gauntlutB were buried within the flesh . After being thus 6 us . pended an hour , I fainted , snd when I came to myself , I found the executioners supporting me in their arms ; they replaced the pieces of wood under my feet ; but as soon as I recovered , removed them again . Tims 1 continued hanging for the « pace of fire hours , during which I fainted bight or nine times . "

      A fourth kind of torture used in the Tower was called Little Ease . It was of so small dimensions , and so constructed that the prisoner could neither stand , walk , sit , nor lie in at full length . He was compelled to draw himself up in a squatting posture , and so remain during several days . There is a paper in the Somcrs' Tracts , said to be written by Lord Burli-igh , in which it is [ stated by way of apo loiry , that" Campion , the Jesuit , was never so racked , but that he was presently able to walk and write . " This pap * r admits the treatment of Alexander Bryant , who ,

      as Wood says' " was tortured with needles thrust into his nails , racked also otherwise in such cruel sport , an'l specially punished for two whole days and nights with famin " , by which he was reduced to such extremities that he ate the clay out of the walls of his prison , and drank the droppings of the roof . " This torture by famine is justified in the above paper ascribed to Lord Burleigh , on the ground that Bryan refused to write , on being commanded so to do in the Queen's name , in order that hie handwriting might be compared with certain traitorous papers found in his possession .

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      —^—m ^^~— Fourierism . —The writing s of Chables Fourier , the celebrated French Social Reformer , although extensively read on the Continent and in America , are but little known in this country . An associated body has been formed in London , entitled the 11 Fourier Society , " for the purpose of publishing English translations of Fourier ' s works , for this purpose , as the outlay of the society tor publishing will amount to abouc £ 20 per month , donations are solicited with which to commence operations ; these donations may be sent to the society ' s publisher , Mr . W . Newberry , 6 , King Street , Ilolborn . Fourier ' s works will be translated by Mr . Hugh Doherty , and will be published in shilling parts , monthly .

      Thomas Moore , the poet , has been made a subject of general anxiety by a statement in a French pap i er , copied into the English jpress , of his being seriously ill in Ireland . We rejoice to say there isno foundation for this report , and that the bard is in the be 3 t health at his cottage in Wiltshire . We believe he has recently put the finishing hand to his Irish history ; and enjoyed the relief from literary labour with his noble frieud the Marquess of Lansdowne , at Bowood . —Literary Gazette . Printing Reform . —Reading made easy , Messrs . Andrew and Boil , of Boston , United States , undertake to give one month ' s free instruction in Phonotjpy to the following four coloured adults : —John Johnson , aged forty-eight ; Ann Dorrell , aged twenty-six years ; Elizabeth Thomas , aged

      twentythree years ; and Charlotte Murry , twenty-five years . On the Oth of February last none of these persons knew a singlo letter of any alphabet ; they affirmed that they did not know the top from the bottom of a book . On the 20 th of March they were presented fur examination in the Hall of the Phonographic Institution , Boston . It was computed that they had received altogether not more than seventy hours instruction . Their teacher began by questioning them on the elementary sounds of the English language , their answers were prompt , and invariably correct . They then began to read first words of one syllable , and then stories containing two , three , and four syllables with as much'facility , according to the testimony of the teachers present , as is usually attained by pupils in the old system after three years study . —rhonotypic Journal .

      Dkatii of the Pokt Tegmek . —The celebrated Dr Esaias Tegner , Bishop of VVexto , in Sweden , died at the Episcopal Palace in the said city , on the 2 nd . iustant , aged 64 , having been born the 13 th November , 17 S 2 . lie was oue of the greatest modern poets , and his works Fntltlufs Saga , Axel , « tc , which are translated into the English and most ofthe European languages , have been read with admiration and delight , not only iu his native country , but almost all over the werld .

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      Sharp Work for the Eyes . —The editor ofthe Vevay Times is so short sighted , thathe frequently rubs out with his nose what he writes with his pen . — Cm . Sun . What a pity that the Sun editor is not equally short sighted . —St . Louis Gazette . 1 ' 1 R 8 T Principles . -- editor of the Mielmond Star calls the clawing of a woman's nails in her husband s face " a resort to first principles !" The Priest and the Player . —When Charles Kemble was giving his readiugs in Shakspcre , in the North of England , he was introduced to a Dissenting Minister , named Hamilton , who addressed him thus : — "Mr . Kemble , though Iabominatethe stage , and think the playhouse a Bcbool of vice , yet 1 am a patron of Shakspere in my social hours , and am glad to have an opportunity of paying my peppercorn of

      respect to a gentleman , who , like yourself , has maintained his respectability in an immoral profession . " A frown lowered on Mr . Kemble ' s brow as these words were pompously enunciated . " Sir , " was the reply , " in every profession , not excluding your own , men have so sinned as to sacrifice their lives to the offended laws of their country ; but , Sir , as regards the profession which 1 have the honour to represent , ' it is a known fact , th . it no actor has ever been sentenced to death , or suspended on tbe scaffold . '" Equality . — " A people among whom equality reigned , would possess everything they wanted where they possessed the meansof subsistence . Why should they pursue additional wealth or territory ? No man can cultivate more than a certain portion of the land . "— Godwin .

      German English . —An English lady resident at Coblentz , one day wishing ! to order of her German servant ( who did not understand English ) a boiled fowl for dinner , Greltel was summoned , and that experiment began . It was one of the lady's fancie 3 , that the leas her words resembled her native tongue , the more they must be like German . So her first attempt was to tell her maid that she wanted a sheeking , or keeking- The maid opened her eyes and mouth and shook her head . "It ' s to cook , " said the mistress , " to cook , to put ^ in an iron thing , in a pit—pat—pot . " " Ish understand risht , " said the maid in her Coblentzpatois . "It ' s a thing to eat , " said her mistress , "for dinner—for deenerwith sauce—soace—sowose . " " What on earth am I

      to do ? " exclaimed the lady , in despair , but still made another attempt . " It ' s a little creature—a bird—a bard—a beard—a hen—a houe—a fowl—a fool— ; it ' s all covered with feathers—fathers—feeders ; " ¦ " Ah , ah , " cried the delighted German , at last getting hold of a catchword , " Ja , ja ! feddersjawohl ! " and away went Grettul . aud inhnlfan hour returned with a bundle of stationers' quills . — Hood . Height of Inquisitiveness . —To [ climb the housetop , and look down the chimney , to see what your neighbour has for dinner .

      Negro Condescension . — " Cuff , " said an American militia officer to a negro at his side , as he prepared to swallow h » seventh tumbler , " Cuff , you ' re a good honest fellow , and I like to compliment a man wot ' s led an honest life , even if he is a black—you shall take a glass of something to drink ' with me , Cuff . " * ' Well , Captin , " says Cuff , wiping his mouth with his coat sleeve , " I'se berry dry , so I won ' t bo ugly 'bout it . Some niggers is too proud to drink with a miliBhy ossifer—but I tink a milishy osaif ' er , when he ' s sober , is jis as good as a nigger , especially if dewgger ' s dry . Vanity Rebuked . —A foolish fellow was boasting before Cicero of what his ancestors had done for Lloine . " You need not remind us , " said the orator , " that the geese once saved the capitol . "

      Plenty of Brass . —A young man said to Sophocles , " If you could coin all the silver in your hair , how rich , old man , you would be ! " " Not half so rich as you would be , young man , answered Sophocles , "if you could only sell all the brass in your face . " A Refutation . —That instead of its requiring , " nine tailors to make a man , " one tailor has all the qualities of nine men : — 1 . —As a Cook he has a roait goose every day . 2 As a Navigator he shapes his course bg his needle . 3 . —As a Gardener he souit his rows and cultivates his cabbage . i . —As an Aclor he performs on the boards , and bran , dishes a bodinkin . 5 , —As a Clergyman or reformer , he mends old bad habits . 6 . —As an Executive , his measures are taken according to circumstances . 7 . —^ s a Sttrvyor his right lines and angles are directed to certain points .

      8 . —As a witty , sarcastic Politician , he makes his ^ omf * eut keen . 9 . —As a Schoolmaster , he " teaches the young idea how to shoot , " and &asta when necessary ! A Pkep inio Sherwood Forest . —Scarcely were we seated in our pleasant hut when there came birds of various kinds , yellowhammcrs , gorse-linnets , with their rosy breasts , pi » J wagtails , and the graceful yellow wagtails , winchats of the richest colours , titlarks , and wheatears—all came to drink and cool themselves . It was beautiful to see them in their happy freedom , believing themselves unobserved by man . Into the translucent waters they waded up to their very necks , singing ia their delight ; and some stood perfectly still , enjoying the cold liquid

      as it streamed through their feathers ; and otheisdipped and fluttered it over their [ uodies , and made a ruffling and a scuffling in the brook that was truly delightful tojsee . As these flew away , others were continually coming and taking their places , It was evidently a fashionable banting place wild them , and that obviously lecivu . se the stream here was shallow , running over the clear bright gravel most temptingly and accomodatingly . It was a peep into the life of these lowly but lovely creatures which is rarely attained , and for the rareness of which we have to thank our tyrranny . The happy creatures seldom stayed lung ; the sense of duty lay even upon thom . They had their household cares , and their young families , in the bushes , and amidst the shaggy retreat ofthe moorland . —William Howilt .

      Rou . vdaboui ExpitESSiONS . —In some iHStances , roundabout phrases are all very well , in others sadly out of place , suck as a signature to a letter iu the Times the other day— " A Parent , but not a Father . ' It took us one minute and thirty-two seconds to discover that this was intended to signify the fact of tiie writer being a mother . Only . think of little Anna Matilda addressing her ' ma as follows" Parent but not my Father , wilt thou favour me with another of the cups which cheer but do not inebriate . The Toils of a Newspaper . —Newspaper literature is a link ia the great chain of miracles wliieh proves the greatness of England , and every support should he given to newspapers . The editors of those newspapers must have a most onerous task . It is not the writing of the leading article itself , but the obligation to write that article every week , whether

      inclined or not , in sickness or in health , in affliction , distress of mind , winter and summer , year alter year , tied down to one task , remaining in one spot . It is soraeting like the walking a thousand miles in a thousand hours . I have a fellow feeling for them , for I know how a periodical will wear down one ' s existence . In itself it appears nothing—the labour is not manifest ; nor is it the labour-it is the continual attention which it requires . Your life becomes as it were , the publication . One week is no suoner corrected and printed , than ou comes the other . It is the stone of Sisyphus—an endless repetition of toil—a constant weight upon the mind—a c . ntinued wearing upon the intellect and spirits , demanding all the exertion of your faculties , at the same time that ysu arc comp elled to do the severest drudgery . To write for a paper is very well , but to edit one is to condemn yourself to slavery . —Captain Marryat . .

      . . . _ ... A Branch Line . —An undertaker in Shoreditch Lindon , has written over his shop-door , " patronised by the Eastern Counties Railway . " Service of Danger . — " A Guardsman , " writing in reply to " Miles" in the Times , alludes to the great morality in the Guards , consequent on the hard and constant duty which that corps has to perform . No doubt the London campaign from May to August , is very trying to Guardsmen . Late hours and want of rest must do sad injury to their constitutions . They must suffer a great deal from the season , It is wonderful , indeed , that more of them are « not narrated to death by the fatigue-duty of polkas and waltzes , and that they do not fall , in even larger numbers from the balls—though without powder—to which they expose themselves . —Punch .

      Uolyrood Paucr . —Why will not Dukes match a little with the times ? Why will men with coronets lag so lamentably behind steam-boat stokers and omnibus drivera ? Wo have penny and twopenny rides by land and water , for which heretofore we paid sixpence . Why , then , if palaces are made howplaces ol—why should we not have palaces like pineapples , for the million ? Holyrooue Palace is the property of the Duke of Hamilton , and , though all Edinburgh is almost at a builing heat—whobhling to a civic riot—atliis shamefully high charges , he will not exhibit his royal cobwebs and spiders at a reduced price . Neither will ho separate the exhibition : showing—for a proportionate sum—the spider without the cobweb , or the cobweb without the spider . This is too bad . Nuy , were we not speaking of a Duke , we should say it was shabby . —Punch .

      Louis Philippe and the Poles . —That nobleminded , most ingenuous monarch , Louis Philippethat Napoleon of Pence—has attacked the Polish cause in Paris through its pocket : — The editors of three papers , entitled " The Third of May" the " Polish Nation , " aud the " Polish Democracy , " had been cited before the Tribunal of Correctional Police , for the non-fulfilment of certain formalities , and for omitiug to deposit in the Treasury a security of aO . OOOf . each . Tha object ofthatmeasu . ro was evidently to obtain the suppression of those journals . " Gold is the old man ' s sword , " says the poet ; and —the Napoleon of Pence , sheathing the homicidal steel—stabs and cuts the throat of iieedoui with a weapon of more precious metal , He says he abomi nates bloodshed ; but does not scruple to knock down Liberty whenever he meets her , with a money-bag . — hmch .

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      ^ p ^^^ p ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ PBW ^^^^^^^^^ Wi ^^^^ M ^^^^^ f ally knocking ifc off the line , and turning it topsyturvy . The madman escaped with some bruises . Coal in the Ptrenbkb . —The Count de Castellane has , it is said , after a heavy expenditure in searching for ^ coal In various points or tbe Pyrenees , succeeded in discovering some rich beds near Bagneres . Hee Trade in Swedkn . —The Swedish council of state is , by order of the kin ? , preparing a bill for the abolition of all corporations of trades , and every other restriction upon the freedom of trade in bweden . Abrrdeen University . —Th- Earl of Ellismere has been elected Lord Rector of the University of Aberdeen for the ensuing year Mutiny Prevbnted .- Orders h ave been given to allow tobacca , asformcly , to the men in the Queun ' sr ships while lying in harbour .

      TnE Military fohce in Ekolano —It is rumoured that the whole troops stationed in England will ba stationed in three central depots—Woolwich , IJjr . minfiham , and Newhaven ; to cover the metropolis , the mnnufnctnring districts , and the southern coast . Stipendiary Magistrates in the Metropolis . — The magistrates of thirteen police courts is the metropolis are paid £ 1 , 000 a year , and the cliii-f msinis-Irate £ 1 200 . There are twenty-two at £ 1 , 000 a year , and one at £ 1 . 200 , making £ 23 , 200 iiyoar paid in salaries to magistrates , Revising Barristers . —The barristers appointed to revise the lists of voters are paid £ 210 a year each , under the 6 th Vic , c . 18 . By a return made to Parliament it seems that seventy were appointed , and consequently they received £ 14 , 700

      Tue Post-officb . —We have heard , on what we believe to be good authority , that Colonel Maberly is about to retire , on his full salery , from the office of secretary to the Postmaster-peneral , and that he will be succeeded by Rowland l \ i \\ . —Manchester Guardian . [ Why should Colonel Maberly have , a fullsalary , or any salary fordoing nothing ?] TnB Latk Loud Metcai-fb . —A subscription will shortl y be set on t ' oot for the purpose of raisins a suitable monument in Canada to thclate lamented Lord Metcalfe . Mr . CnjLin . ES Dickens arrived in Paris , on Sunday , on his return from his tour in Switzerland . Monu Bisiiors . —We have been informed , on good authority , that the question ofthe Welsh Bishoprics is satisfactorily arranged ; that the two WeUh Sees are to be preserved ; and that the See of Manchester is nevertheless to be erected immediately . —Guar ~ dian .

      The Win of the late Patrick Maxwell Stew am M . P ., for Renfrewshire , was made in 1840 . lie has left to his brother , Captain Houston Stewart . R . N ., all his possessions and estates at Charlotville , Tobngo , with the crop , plant , eneinra , building ; , dsa . All his heritable property and other estates in Scotland he directs his executors to dispose of as they think best , the proceeds to form part of the residue ol hia general estate . His personal property in England was estimated at 30 , 000 . He bequeaths £ 8 , 000 and half tbe residue to be held in trust by his executors for the children of his deceased brother , John Shaw Stewart , to be equally divided among them . The deceased was unmarried . Opening of the Tuhbrid 3 e Wells Extension Railway . —After many postponements , the extension branch line of the Tunbridge Wells Railway was publicly opened on Wednesday for passenger and other traffic .

      Collision on the Manchester and Birmingham Railway . —On Tuesday morning , the train which leaves Manchester for Birmingham at twenty minutes before ten o ' clock , was detained upwards of three hours , in consequence of coming in collision "ith a train of coal waggons , which was proceeding on the same line of rails in the direction of Manchester . One of the passengers had three or four of his front teeth knocked out , with a splinter of the jawbone adhering ; another received a cut across the forehead .

      The Bank Robbery at Messrs . Rogers ' s . —From information that has recently been obtained that itis expected will throw some light on this mysterious affair , the offer of a reward of £ 3 , 000 . together with , her Majestyis pardon has been renewed . New Governor of the Island op Ascension . — Captain Ilutton of the Royal Navy , has just received the appointment of Governor of the Island of Ascension . Inspector General of Railtvats . — Captain Joshua Coddington , ofthe Royal Engineers , Deputy-Inspector General of Railways , has been appointed Government Inspector General of Railways , vice Majo General Charles William Paisley , CiB ., resigned . llErRE 5 BKTAriow or Mawhestbr . —The Whigs and Conservatives threaten to combine against Bright John of Rochdale ; they are in treaty with a gentleman to opposo the " buttonless blackguard . "

      ACCIDKST OK THE FRBKCH NORTHERN LlNE . —Ott Friday last the large woodeB building at Lisle , which was recently being prepared for a waiting room for passengers , fell with a fri ghtful crash . The Paisley and Renfrew Railway , was last week sold to the Ayrshire Company . TnB Cat TnE Mouse and the Railway Train . — On Friday morning , the early railway train between Kcndal and Lancasterran over and killed a fine blackcat , which was crossing the line with a mouse , and was too intent upon her prey to notice the approach ofthe engine . The cat was afterwards found completely cut in t « -o , with the mouse firmly fixed between her teeth . Lots of Biblks . —In Scotland alone , from January 1845 , to January 1 S 16 , sixteen editions of the Bible were printed , consisting of 812 , 000 copies .

      Nkll Gwyxs ' s house —The house in Pall Mall now occupied by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel was originally granted by Charles II ,, as a freehold , to Iv ' ell Gwynn . The Popb . —The life of Hie Pope is saifl to be not safe . Every article of food is cooked in his presence . When he goes to mass he takes the wafers with him .

      England ' s Prosperity . " He saw a pig which cut its own throat , As it swum with vast celerity ; And the devil he smiled , for he thought all the while Of England ' s commercial prosperity . " Devil ' s Walk . A Thief catcher turned Tiiiff . — The police superintendent at Stroud has suddenly departed as a defaulter to the extent of between £ 200 and £ 300 . Fact for tiik Naturalist . —Mr . Lodge , of Bartonstreet , Gloucester , lias had for two or three years a tortoise , which crawls about the house , and has become a sort of a pet . Last week the animal laid , on the same clay , two eggs of a brown colour , having the appearance of " monster" marblea . Mr . Cordex at Cadiz . —A grand banquet was given to Mr . Cobden on the 10 th inst . by various proprietors and merchants in that commercial citv .

      f Odillon Barrot is " starring" it at Coustantlnople . Suicide of am Austrian Consul A letter from Constantinople , of thu oth , says : — " Two davs ago a loud detonation was heard to proceed from tlie house inhabited by i \ l . dc Chabert , consul-general of Austria at Smyrna . On proceeding to his room he w . is found lying in the heel with his skull factured , and the piatol with which , he had effected this msli act by his side . New Bishops . —We understand that Archdeacon Shirley will be the new Bishop of Sotlor ami Mail . Naval Vohciis op Tims . —There are at pi-osent in . the harbour of Toulon four Tunisian vessels , the Dante steamer , , i corvette , and two brigs . A ( Visate and another brig bearing the same fkg are expected , which will complete the assemblage in the same French port of the whole of the naval forces of Tunis .

      A Corn Riot , which gt one time threa toned serious results , took place at Tours , on Saturday . A large mob assembled in the co / n market , and appeared disposed to proceed to extremities . A do * tsiuhinent of the National Guard being iiisiifiicienfc to disperse the mob , a company of infantry of the lino was called out , and stones were also thrown at them , by which some of the men were wounded , but they kept back the mob at the point of the bayonet . A detachment of lancers next came up , and stones were thrown at them . One of the soWiers was severely wounded in the head . Several arrests were made , and it was hoped that quiet was restored ; but in the evening there was another riof , which was with difficulty suppressed by < iu overwhelming armed force .

      Dreadful Accident at Constantinople—On the 6 th instant a most dreadful accident occurred at the new government Iron-works—a large chimney was in course of construction , under the Charge of Armenians , aided by English engineers , . and had been carried to the enormous height of 250 feet . It slid , ind in its fall destroyed the lives of 50 workmen , and wounded SO or 100 . The Cholera in Bagdad . —Letters from Bagdad , of October the lolh , state that the cholera , after committing drea'll ' nl ravages in that city , had almost disappeared . It was about the end of September that it appeared there , and in less than a fortnight it carried eft' 4 , 000 persons out of a population of 35 , 000 .

      KlkctricTl-lkghahi is Prussia . —The Gazette de Voss states that the Prussian Government has forbidden railway companies to construct electric telegraphs on their own account , and preserves to itself this modo of forwarding intelligence . Tiik Two Monterey ' s . —Some of onr correspondents are puzzled at our report of naval operations ami land victories in Monterey , Now , by it known to all men and women , who will not look on the map of Mexico , there . ire two Moutereys in the enemy ' s country . One is in north eastern Mexico , it is an inland city , and is now in possession of Gen . Taylor . The other is in California ; is a seaport on the Pacific Ocean , and is now in possession of Commodore Stackton When we speak of tbo army at . Monterey , therefore , we moan Monterey in tlie interior ; and when we speak of the ships of war atiMontogy , we mean the city of that name on the we ^ ujia ^^ Vcjw York American Sun . £ / j ^ 'gSp . ^ J ; ]• . The Teaus op Avaricb . — A | & $ &r w ^^ ppojy

      worlds to conquer . Louis PhilinBe , \ -pj 8 said , { hearing of tlie wealth of Misa Burdett pbuttsy-burst in . to ears , not having another son tdjJhttr ^ - ^ i ^ eA ; " , ; -.::., $ \ $ ir ! ££ : "¦ ¦¦ : v * A I ^ i _

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      Ausbtian Education . — The catechism used in the government se ' iools in Austrian Italy teaches that deseters from the army wiljbe punished ia the next world with eternal damnatioH . _ Substitute for Potatoes . —A Swiss journal states that the bulb of the dahlia , when dressed like potatoes , affords an excellent article of food . As Interesting Memorial . —The bronze lamp , which is said to have first suggested to Galileo the theory of the pendulum , is still suspended in the nave of the Cathedral at Pisa . It is of fine workmanslip .

      Another Royal Paujprb . —It ia said that to the pension list is to be added the name of the Duchess of Inverness , with a pension of £ 1 , 000 per annum . [ Last week Ann Ryan died of starvation ; others of the p lundered people are perishing for lack of food . Englishmen ! think . ] The Number of Nboro Slaves in countries calling themselves Christian , is estimated at 7 , 350 , 000 , of whom there are 3 , 000 , 000 in Brazil , and 2 , 730 , 052 in happy , free America . The Scott Monument . —Up to the present time , the Scott monuroeut has cost £ 15 , 650 . There are 56 niches yet to be filled withstatuea ofthe principal characters in Sir Walter ' s nrorKs .

      Wise in Time . —The French Government have been advised to prohibit the importation of venomous reptiles for menageries . It is said that if a preg : nant female rattle-snake were to escape , the breed would be established in France . Shkep . —Every part of the plobe , from the recions of the torid zone totho cold fri gid climateot Iceland , is inhabited by the sheep . Thb Poor in the fab North . —Sir Edward Coffin is at present in Shetland for the purpose of inquiring into the state of the poor . Bab IIalf-Sovbiusions . —The public ehonld be on their guard against had half-sovereigns , composed of a sort of metal resembling zinc and gilded by the elactro-platinR process . They are not easly to be detected by the ring , and they are well executed . The deficiency of their weight , however , immediately shows they are counterfeits .

      Importation op Vkkison . — Venison , imported wholo from Hamburgh , was offering in Hull shambles on Tuesday at Cd . per lb . for foreparts , and Is . for haunches . Railroads in TnE Papal States . —Tbe railroads determined upon are the following : —One to the Neapolitan frontier , by the Valley del Sacco ; one from Porto d'Auzio to Rome ; one from Rome -to Civita Vecchia ; and , lastly , one from Rome to Aneona , and from thence to Bologna , following the ancient Via Flaminia-Emilia . A New Way of Hearing the News . —A fellow climbed one ofthe poles ofthe electric telegraph , in West Kent , the other day , and applied his ear to the wires in order to hear the news . Death of Rear Admiral Thomas Whitk . —We aare to record the demise of this gallant officer , at the age of 17 years .

      Dissbnt . —Mr . Hanatie , the new Provost of Glasgow , is said to be the first Dissenter advanced to that office . A Family Affair . —Ifc in extraordinary faiit connected with the murder of the policeman at Bristol , that the murdress , after committing the deed , went in a fly to the station . house for the purpose of surrendering herself , she was driven there by her own brother ; [ the sergeant who received her was her stepfather ; and the housekeeper at the station house was her own mother . The Jews . —The Grand Duke of Mecklenbiil't ; - Schwerin has just addressed a rescript to tlie head of the Jewish communion in his dominions , declaring that after St . John ' s day , 1847 , the annual tsx paid by the Jews shall be suppressed ,

      Defalcation of a Clerk . —A man named Kenneth Sunderland , a clerk in the employ of Mr . Clias , Wace , meat salesman , Newgate-market , has absconded , taking with him upwards of £ 266 , Pbikcb asd Prwcess Ozartoryski . — Notwithstanding all reports to the contrary , it appears that the sequestration of the property of Prince and Princess Czartoryski , in Gallicia , has been legally notified to the parties in Paris , Grbat Barracks . —Government hasjust concluded a purchase of about 11 acres of land , on the cast side of Birmingham , for the erection of a great central barracks for England . Convicts . —There are about 1000 convicts employed on the new works at Gibraltar . Pigeon Flight . —A few days ago , a celebrated pigeon , the property of Mr . Lawford , of Brlxton , flew from thence to Brighton ( 52 . miles ) in less than an hour .

      Gun Cotton . —Dr . Murray has called the attention of the Secretary of the General Post Office , to the exceeding jjreat danger of transmitting gun cotton by post , on account of its inflammable nature . He says it will explode at a temperature not exceeding 78 degrees of Fahrenheit . Tue Tea Plant in France . — The Journal des Dclats says experiments , recently made , have proved most batisfactorily tbat iliu tea plant can be grown in France . Mr . Grantley Berkeley conceiving that he has used stronger terms towards Mr . Ilarman Visger than the points of difference between them called ( or , has apologised .

      Thousands are Starving . —Read mis . —A wealthy tradesman of Birmingham , whose intellects have been "disordered by a tide of prosperity , and who labours under delusions that he is God , Christ , Napoleon , &c , and that he is attended by several Dukes of Wellington , has been found insane by a jury . Mkrtjng of Parliament . — We are enabled to confirm the report that Parliament will meet for the despatch of business on Tuesday , the 10 th of Jan . next —Observer . Many French Workmen have been engaged for the newly established glass works at Hull . From Lille alone twenty men have already sot out , and fifty are expected to follow . A Hint to Young Ladies . —A surgical writer atributes high shoulders , and deformities of the spine , to "the abominable practices ot" undressing girls necks , as low as the hanging of their clothes will permit . "

      The Papal States . — The . Pope has issued a decree callint ; into operation that ot 1732 , declaring the ports of Ancona and Sinigaglia free ports . Bonding warehouses are to be established in both places . A Bologna letter ofthe 5 th states that the Pope , in consequence of the frequent collisions between the Swiss garrison of Bologna and the Papal soldiers , has ordered the Swiss to march to Rome . The Electric Telegraph . — Workmen are engaged laying down the electric telegraph from the Nine [ Elms along the footway on the west side of Lambeth Place , Kenningtnn . The Isthmus op Panama . — At a late meeting of the Geographical Society of Berlin , M . Ritter spoke in high terms of a plan for cutting through the Isthmus conceived by Prince Louis Napoleon , during his confinement at llam .

      Great Storm . —Liverpool and its neighbourhood was visited by a severe storm on Friday lust , which caused great destruction of property . The Bey of Tunis , —Ahmed Pacha , arrived on Sunday , at 1 o ' clock , in Paris by a special train ofthe Orleans railway . The Bey immediately proceeded to the palace of the Elysee-Bourbon , where apartments had been prepared for him and his suite . A Modern Samson . —On Monday evening one of the most herculean feats on record , was performed at Jim Burn ' s , the Queen ' a Head , Great Windmillstreet . A native of the south of France broke with his fist various stones placed before him on a blacksmith ' s anvil . lie split a cobbler ' s Inpstone in halt , the diameter of which was three inches , and shivered into fragments an immense flint stone , weighing close upon twelve pounds . There is no deception of any kind , a towel being merely bound round the hand of the marvellous stone-breaker .

      Grkat Western . —A great convenience and accommodation hasjust been provided at tlie Paddington terminus by the appropriation of a waiting-room , well vvarmedand lighted , tor second-class passengers . Similar accommodation has also just been provided b ) the company for passengers travelling by the third-class . u The King > vithout a Thronb . —The Count de Montemolin , or , as he is called by his adherents , his Majesty Charles Luis , King de jure of Spain , arrived in the metropolis on Sunday night . Railway Notices . —A London Gazette , published on Wednesday , contains sixty-nine notices of application to Piirlament for Railway Acts during the next session .

      Great Influx of Shipping . —I ho westerly winds for the last five days have brought up the homeward bound fleet , and on Monday and Tuesday upwards of 300 vessels were hauled into the West India , Lohd ) ii , St . Katharine , Grand Surrey Canal , aud Commercial Docks . New Polar Expedition . —At the last meeting ot the lloyal Geographical Society , it was announced by Sir J . II , Pelly , that the Hudson ' s Bay Company had fitted out a well equipped expedition , for the pur . pose of surveying the unexplored portion of the coast on the north-cast angle of the American continent . I hi expedition started in two boats , on the 5 th of July last . India Salt Monopoly . —We understand that no fewer than nine memorials have been forwarded to the authorities against the salt monopoly . They emanate from commercial bodies in Chester , Worcester , Blackburn , Manchester , and Liverpool .

      J ' iib Cubdbn National Tribute Fund has this tlm wueic reached the sum of £ 77 , 473 4 S . Sd . Out-Pbnsioxers of Chelsea Hospital . —Fromaii official document it appears tliat in 1 S-13 there were 70 , 0 !) 2 uut-puusionci'a of all brauehts of the avajy on tlm establishment of Chelsea Hospital . The Drunken Miller The other day , a miller going home from Penrith market , " rather fou , " had to cross the line near Castlcgatc . He was toid by the tradesman that the engino was coming ; but lie said , " O , d n the engine , it moin stop till Pse over — I ' ve waited for it moiiy a time . " On came he h ' re-horae into contact with the fo ol ' s cart , liter-

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      November 28 , 1846 . THE NORTHERN STAR . 3

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 28, 1846, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1394/page/3/