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Northern Star (1837-1852), 21st November 1846, Edition 1 of 3, Page 7, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      ''" " t ' « niirar , » t Ieastill ' irerds * » " * \« dlimf chance is happen-deed ? , ) 1 ^^ oLrra ^^ V vlhearaWt lebira , wnoslngs I * * , {* and by wni oetke stronger . - —Bxbos . jiep * ^ AFRICAN AGRARIAN REFORMERS . jgE AM EKii ^ _—, . fctoi that an occasional libellous para-^• ' 11 London daily journals , vras all the i&fi * Vii the press of this country , with the ex-# & ? fthe Varttem Star , liad taken of the Antij * P . rncnt- oat a movement of a still more joit ^ Ster has ^ ot met even with thai ip porfaW ^ js Tre kiiow , up to this time not a i ^ ice V olfeh newspaper save the Mrthern Star has gjjglc k i ^ j ^ jjB existence of the American Agracr in ^^ onal Reformers . Thus , so far as our jfcn s , or ^ i ; cinstruct ors" are concerned , the people IP * * ™ rrv have been left in total ignorance of a of # iSned , in all probability , to give birth J ^ w t he most important , affecting the welfare to r ^ nincss of the human race . and ^ "Lqjapera expend many thousands of pounds On' * . " Lying for foreign correspondence , and jnnnauy l ^ (^ ten jj , bearers of no more imsome

      torei = ^ rj | jjc . eiicetDan diplomatic jugsie , or port *? Lj ^ eT Entire columns furnished by " spccsft ^" jire devotedtothe prosy rubbish of ^ trz&e '' * nd " protectionist ' harangues ; often " fr E * y - e « n the doings of murderers , ruffiians , 3 a fflfe filters , are reported at length ; but a [ as important as was the question at issue besabji * . pj ^ jjns and Patricians in the davs of the i *^ js sjJentlT passfdoyer— buried . The Ore-G ^^ inn , andthe Spanish Marriages question , l ° kilned the pens of the editors of our daily and i * f jr ' jonrnalsfor many months ; while the Na-^¦ V ggform Movement in America has been utterly * i !!* d -and but for this paper would bt altogether

      nrnownon thls Slde 0 I tne AtlantIC - ^ geditois of the daily journals , their corresponfonts . & > & wmpilers of foreign news , are well aware ^ e dstenceand progress of the new party in the L , bat hating the new party , because that party ^ Lst ihe destruction of class inequalities , our LgjaiB " public instructors" have recourse to "the piracy of silence , " to prevent the very existence a -iii 6 r . ew party being known . The assassin jour-^^ s of this country know very well that if theii f Msai ^ bfully reported the proceedings of the ijicrican Agrarians , the principles of that party « nUflf like wild-fire through this country , to the

      neat Awperof our time honoured institutions ; fjjrefore , our American friends are for the present ifitd- Wesayibr the present , for in the event -j&erofthe American Reformers becouiing so nu--grtiis as to legislate for their country , or , that ^ al convulsions arise in consequence of ti : e rich ioknlly opposing the reforms demanded by the Aoiaiians , in either case the English press will then jj ^ fce up f ° r P * 8 * siknee , Dy brutal and lying abuse nf tbe men they can no longer burke . This always las been the case , this always will be the ca 3 e , while jrisioera « es exist to pay for the vile rascality of Ubtary hjrelhigs .

      Itis only fair to observe that our English journalist are not one whit worse than their American comisenes . The great mass of American editors have terer mentioned the English Chartists , but to scoff jttsnu a&use them . Even their own cauntiymen , the American Reformers , arc no better treated . Ka ? calsin the United States impudently calling themselves Republicans , dare to write such stuff as this :-Xot asvIIablehaTe we written which justifies

      theinierenre that neare in favour of social equtUty , and op- poiri " to classes of masters and servants . " So far ] from onradvocating or entertaining such ridiculous no- ; tfons , we have ever ridiculed them as irreligious , dangeross snd disorganizing . The Almighty hiinsell instituted jjtsie of society in which such " classes" were rtcoglaca , and the Redeemer of mankind inculcated upon all a respect for such institutions . * * « SgaileguaWy" is , in our opinion , an utter impossibility ; fat , i « re it ot 6 errnse , we should oppose it as at war with err ones and feelings .

      Tbc above is wrote by a fellow named Webb , editor of a paper called the Hew York Courier and Ixjar-. r , who bv doing the dirty work ot the mancmtracy , i ? enabled to live like a lord , inhabit a princeh mansion , and have four servants to wait on Em . Of course he does not believe in " social t-qua % . " '' The only way . " said Marat , "to make pd tans cvlolUs of the rich is to leave them uotMng to cover their . " ¦ JIarat ' s system of c » n-Tosion would very soon bring Mr . Webb to his isss . and speedily make " social equality" accord liita his "tastes and feelings . "

      Although innnmerab ! e columns of the Nortltern -Sarhave been devoted to the republicatiou of the proceedings of the American Agrarians , nevmhetesairie ? sketch of the principles , origin , and progress of the party may be useful . The sketch we ] recently gave of the Anti-Renters , will make ail fu- j toe reports of the proceedings of that party " plain ; sailing" toour readers ; the sketch we now purpose ; linns wjU be equally useful as regards the j Israriatis . j From time to time , some most appalling accounts lithe misery existing in Sew York , Philadelphia , j and other large cities of the Union , have appeared in j fife paper . Miserable homes , low wages , tradescombinations , strikes , starvation , ignorance , drunkemes , prostitution , and the wide-spread c-jinmis-HuD of suicide alarmingly abound in those huge brick and morter babels , whereknavea and fools , schemers salslavts , " most do congregate . " If the

      aboveuaed results of tbe present system of civilization , as not vet in New York and Philadelphia rival in eact tbe like results so notorious in Liverpool and Ghsguw , they are already sufficiently enormons . Ta-e evils are continnally gnrwing , and , unites Sapsl Iv a social revolution , will continue to incrsee audmcltiply , until the . " model republic" besaaes as foel a spectacle of combined luxury and estt , tyranny and slavery , as is this " gn * at and fee " " England . We have now before us copies of TsswAsuricaof October 10 th and 17 tli , containing umifci ghtinl disclosures of the state of ihinssin Xswlork . As in thia country women are specially tasnifrrers . We have not room to transJer to our colaniBthelonglist of cases sho % ving the wretched TO ^ es of dress-makers , female tailora , shirt-makera , 4 c ~ ea-mh that New York , as well as London , contain : bnndreds—perhaps thosands—whose coudUioa Jhii ias ilescribed in words ail too true .

      ¦ ffork—work—work ! Till the brain begins to swim , W ork—work—work , Till the ejes are heavy and dim ' Bind and gusset , and Eiam , Scam and gusset , and bund , Till the heartis sick , and the brain cenumb'd , As weU as the weaiy hand . % eiitor of Young America relates the folmm instance of " City life : ""ffe lave a painful circtunsiai . ee to relate , nliicb * 3 throw a gl-am of light npon some of the snares * Hcb are set for young and fritadless females who are & ^ cn by want to the city , or aHnred thither from the JMauiJ roof by the vain prospect of battering thsir con-^ 3 'ffl . An incoctnt yonng girl left the roof of herpoor

      aaabnm lJeparentsinthetown of ^ . Fairfield county , fenn ., last April , and came to the city to seek employtat . As i 3 customary , the girl applied to an inteili-Pffls oSce—which office was in the service of prostito ' -e louses . She was artless in her manners , comely in lcraj . ptari ce graceful in form , and beautiful in f « at : r = ; a rare prize fer these emissaries of crime . She " ^ iaiinwiiately engag ed at large wages , and sent as a sa ^ W iuto an assignation house at So . 1 , Benson" *« . Six weeks after this , she was f « un-J in the touts , at near midnight , weeping bitterly— an "aaast , disgraced , ruined , lost . This is but an instance of a multitude of similar cases . . Hundred ; of ? iar , defenceless females are by our oppressive sytem of »» a slavery compelled to give np in despair , and hide lanselves f rom thet « nder mercies of a Christian city in iinl dens of shame . "

      Bat enough ; the evil of the many ' s degradation ted misery in the cities of "free America , " is " Porous as the sun at noon-day . " To what cause Hast the evil be ascribed ? In answer to this question , volumes miaht be ''atttn , and should be to do justice to the subject , Kit we must answer it in a few words . The cause ^ these social evils is the existence of social insqpality in spite of the nominal political equality jesnowfedijed by the political institutions of the Jiatas . The revolution of ' 76 was only a half relation , in whieh the few who were really intellii $ at and honest enough to have founded a veritable ? ° sunoiiwealth of freemen , found themselves too few [? cam parison with the disniised aristocrats and p <> the of the

      ^ cal adventures who formed majority n > ^ mtionary ienders and legislators . The legislators Ethe Jtfferson « tamp being in the minority with t 0 public opiuioa to backup their far-seeing policy , *? re «> mpelled to agree to a compromise , which , -itlsout tonehing social institutions , guaranteed to ^ "Pe ople the power to elect thsir lawmakers , asd » l course , the power to sunend , or entirely change ^ aj institutions , through the instrumentality of * legu-lature . From the cause , we have stated , wgre-sJavery was allowed to continue until now T * e « l has erown to such a height" ai | to

      Wfealea the Southern States with a servile war , ! ¥ we unionitsetf with dissolution ; the system of Wvate property in land , with the conservation to |^ landlords of their wholesale usurpations , and the S * E *» eactrentwas permitted , giving birth to r ^ -Jftbbing , anti-rentism , competition of the lar ^ against the labourer , and the consequent mij ^ ^ tiogin large towns ; and lastly , nothing was r * ™ cheek the thousand means of fraud and c ^ y which usurers , lawyers , and other vampires , j ? ! established to compel the working class to unr ^ , 8 toil , at the same time , exacting from them ^^ orthree-fourtha of the wealth they create .

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      While the public lands were yet comparatively free from the grasp of speculators , and while those "hivesof industry , " the great cities , were not yet over-populated , * ' tbe system" was not much felt If at that time , in the infancy of the Republic , the American people had set about U 9 ing their political privileges for the correction of social wrongs , the value of the pslitical organization established by the founders of the republic would have been seen , and Universal Suffrage would have been found every way adequate for the establishment of a system of social justice without any appeal to violent means . The same power yet exists , but with these drawbacks , that the evils to be combatted have now attained a eiant growth , and the working masses , from their numbers Wliila tlia nnltlin lamia Viora » nf /< nn .. « w . i : «_ ii

      and the enormous extent of country over which they are scattered , are difficult to move : even the attempt to enlighten them through the medium of voice and press propagandas an enterprise truly herculaneura . One of the most withering influences opposed to the cause of progress in the United States has been the folly of the working millions ranging themselves under the banner of " party . " -and struggling not for themselves but against each other , and for the triumph of factions who have differed in little but the name . Two great factions , until recently , divided the American public—the Whigs and Democrats , — these answering to our Tories and Liberals , ( i . e ., Whigs and Sham-Radicals ) . In one respect only have the so-called Democrats shown themselves

      better than the Whigs , namely , in opposing the paper-money swindlers . During the presidency of Jackson , some well-directed blows were struck at the bank-schemers ; but excepting this good service , the "Democrats"have but few claims upon tliegmti * tude of the people ; indeed of late that party has so far degener ated , that it is questionable if some sec tioiis of t' * e Whigs are not more democratic than the a -called Democrats . The Liberty party is the name assumed by the abolitionists who have heretofore made the emancipation of tbe black population their object , as it appears' to have been their one idea .

      The Native Americans are a new party , aiming at placing the government and official situations entirely in the hands of native-born citizens , and , further , desiring to add to the present suffrage restrictions . These parties , * but principally the two first , have natil recently appropriated ; the energies of the American people . It has been the old game of the "iB 3 " and the " onts . " The people have worked , shouted , and voted to return one set ot place-hunters and public plunderers in lieu of another set , with no benefit to themselves , affording another prorf of the great truth that ' party is the madness ol the many for the gain of the few . "

      3 fothwithstnnding all difficulties , for many years past a small but heroic band have struggled to bring before the American masses the causes of the deterioration of their condition , and the remedies for the evil . They have shown that the foundation and root of all other usurpations and monopolies is that monster wrong the usurpation and monopoly of the soil ; and that the first step in the great social revolution demanded by justice , and the wants of the niasse =, mn 3 t be therestoration tothe . people of their right to the laud . So far back as the year 1 S 29 , a meeting was held in the MiUtary Hall , New York , when resolutions and an address were adopted by three thousand citizens , from which we give the following extracts : —

      Tour committee cannot forbear to say , that wherever government is organized upon such unjust and unequal principles as were established in England by William the Conquf ror , and as have prevailed there eTer since , that the Alaiighty , in vain for the poor , hasmade the water to gush from its fountain , vegetation to flourish on the surface of the eaif-j nnd created the treasures of the quarry and the mine , since , Defore any of these can he applied to the benefit of the poor , these latter must enter into treaties of bondage with their oppressors , to p 3 y a price for that which the Supreme created alike for all .

      Your committee see that when government appropriates unequally , the only property which it has , when it begins to exisT , that is , the soil of the State ; it then ] lays the foundation of oppression such as you , and men of your description in all countries , now suft ' er . Ha who receives more than would fall to his share by an equal allotment , becomes , by that very act , and not by any merit of his owa , the rich man ; he » ho receives less , or none at all , the poor man . If now the lattt-r require food , fire , clothing , or dwelling , how is he to obtain them ! Raise for me , says the rich man , two bushels of wheat , and you shall have one . Make two fires for me . for

      and one shall he yours . Prepare two ^ garments me , and one thall clothe you . Erect two dwellings , and one shall protect you from the inclemency of the seasons , and b = to you a home . These , and such _ as these , are the terms , on which , only , it is possible for the poor to provide for their wants . It is thus that the same wants are the allies and strong friends of the rich j it is thus also , that , if things are now on their right basis , they ar » the enemissofthe poor , since they will compel them to sell themselves slaves to their oppressors . For he , in all countries is a slave , who must work more for another than that other must work for him .

      It fioes not matter how this state of things is brought abuut ; whether the sword of victory hew down the liberty of the captive , and thus compel him to labor for Jiis conqueror ; or whether the sword of want extort our consent , as it were , to a -voluntary slavery , through a denial to us of the materials of nature , whieh are the common and equal right of all , and are indispensable te our happiness and even existence , Xor , although yonr Committee have applied their rea soning to the condition of England , is it less applicable to the origin of property in this State . WhoeYer consults Us history , -will fiaa the first appropriation of its soil to

      have been as enormously unjust and unequal as it was in England near S 00 years ago . The ancestors of the Tan Eens = ellaers , the be Lancys , the Schuylers , the Cuyiers , the Cortlandts , the Stuyvesants , the Tenbrooks , the Beekmans , the Livingstones , ic , &C , were those who engrossed a very great part of this State , to the almost entire exclusion of the remainder of the population . And that your Committee may not seem to exaggerate , they will state that the first named of these gentlemen received at the hands ' of the government more than three hundred thousand acres , of the best soil which the State afforded , being a tract of twenty-four miles long by twenty-four miles broad ; and of which Albany was and

      is the centre . At this time no practical means of restoring the soil to the people had beep proposed ; an agitation was , however , got up against the sale of the public lauds to speculators , in 1832 , President Jackson in a message to Congress , delivered the following opinion on this Question : — To afford every American Citizen of enterprise , the opportunity of securing an INDEPENDENT . FREEHOLD , i t seems to me , best to abandon the idea of raising a future revenue out of the Public Lands . Surface reforms at this period much agitated the public mind ; butthe far-seeing portion of the workins men kept their eyes fixed upon the land , and the subject was brought under the consideration of a irreat Convention of delegates from the Trades ' Unions , held in the City Hall , New York , in 1 S 34 . From a report and resolutions adopted by that body we give the following extracts : —

      " Resolved , That this Convention deprecate tbe systern now practised in the disposal of the Public Lands , because of its violating the inherent rights of the citizen , seeing that the whole of the unseated lands belong unto t ! je people , and should not bt disposed of to the prejudice of any class of society , each and every citizen having a just claim to an equitable portion thereof , a location apan which beiug the olny just title thereunto . " Kesolved , That this Convention would the more especially reprobate the sole of the public lands , because of its injurious tendency as it affects the interests and

      independence of the labouring classes , inasmuch as it debars them from the occupation of any portion of tbe saue . unless provided with an amount of capital which the greater portion of them , who would avail themselves of this aid to arrive at personal independence , cannot hope to attain , owing the many encroachments made upon them through the reduction in the wages of labour consequent upon its surplus quantity in the market , which surplus would be drained off , and a demand for the produce of mechanical labour increased , if tlitse public lands were left open to actual settlers . "

      Although the question was kept alive by a few patriots , yet ' nothing of moment appears to have further transpired until the year 1837 , wlien , at a very large meeting held in the park , New York , r ° soluf ' ons , < fcc , were unanimously adopted , from which we give the iollowing ^ extracts : — "Thepractice © f reserving the PUBLIC LAXDS for the btnefit of SPECULATORS and WILD BEASTS , while thousands of Ged's cbildri-ii have not where to lay their heads ; and the practice of " stripping every poor man s thiia of his natural , inalienable rig ht to a share of ths bounties of our common Father , " that he may be compelred to wear out a shortened and degraded existence in the serrice of sloth andluxury , are subjicts that should at this time be considered with serious attention , and acted upon with deliberate caution by our wholt le . *

      peop " Resolved , That the PUBLIC DOMAIN should be FREE TO ACTUAL SETTLERS , to the extent of from ei"htv to two hundred acres each , as Cont-rtss in it * wfsdom might regulate , and that provision should be made against its going into the possession of any but actual settlers ; ' it being evident a greater revenue micht be raised by a direct tax ( the only honest tax ) on such sutlers , than could be realized by tales of the lauds to speculators , without taking into the account the expense that mig ht be saved to the country in the building of poor houses and the support of those who are made paupers by overstocking every other useful occupation , while that of agriculture is under the preient 8 yatern , necessarily neglected , to the manifest iujury all .

      "Resolved , That , if the banks should leare tbe government any portion of surplus revenue , it is worthy of consideration whether it might not be appropriately loaued to those who may have been reduced to poverty by the general b » nkruptcy of those institutions , and who may be desirous of effecting a settlement on the public lauds , but unable to do so without such assistance . [ To le continued . )

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      Attempted Suicide is the Grben Park . —On Wednesday afternoon , between one and two o ' clock ^ A female , respectably attired , about twenty yeaarsot ' age , attempted to commit suicide in the basin m tjne Green Park .

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      The following is from the pen of an American residing in Paris : — To be nn Hector , it is requisite that a citizen pay a direct property tax of two hundred francs , or forty dollars per annum . To be a deputy , tlie payment of a tax of five hundred francs , or one hundred dollars , is neesnary . There are but two hundred thousand rotera in France , although the number of male adults is upwards of five millions , and only seventeen thousand in Paris , with a population of nearly a million and a quarter . When i t is considered that the government holds at i ts disposal a greater number of lucrative offices than the

      entire electoral body is composed of persons , one may easily ima ? : ne the little chance that a Chamber of Deputies can ever be chosen in opposition to " the powers that he , " or possessing the spirit of independent freemen . Every means is taken to keep down the number of voters to tbe smallest possible limit , and so far ia this carried , that taxes were reduced upon certain descriptions of property previous to the late election , for the sole purpose oi depriving men of thrir votes . And this sort of contemptible financial gerrymaniering was not wit ' iout its effr-ct , for tbe person who formerly voted u : on the payment of a forty dollar tax upon having it reduced to thirty-eight dollars , lost his privilege . A ecntlemaii informed me that twenty individuals among his acqiint anee lost their voteg bv this sinale operation . But the

      restriction of the electivo franchise , and the corruption so easilv practiced upon a body of voters embracing in its ranks all the grasping capitalists and avaricious Shylock" of the couutry , is but a small portion of the evils that press upon kingridden France . The tuxes are enormous , pa-tinularly tho « e upon th" necessaries of life , and preRS with terrific weight upon the labouring poor . Not a particle of food can enter the city of Paris without first paying a heavy tax in the shape of whit is called an " atroi duty , " and the consequence is . that meat bears snclt an exhorbitant price that the poor seldom eat it from one year's end to the other . They labour hard and long , with no bettfr food than meagre soup , coarse bread , and a miserable salad . I have seen near the markets ,

      a depository where is carried in large bi » KS . the refuse provision of the common eating houses , which is purchased by an old hag . a sort of ehiffonitr for the stomach , who retails it out in small quantities to starving wretches , who eagerly devour the horrible mess , whieh a respectaole American do ;; would turn from with disgust . This dreadful destitution is eonstantlj witnessed in a eo-mtry which maintains a useless standing army of three hundred and fifty thousand men , at an annual expenditure of seventy millions of dollars , and | wlios 8 government expends millions more , in repairing and adorning every old relic of despotism and superstion , that time nnd revolutionary vengeance have not quito succeeded in crumbling int > du 3 t . It is fortunate that the Bantile was totally demolished , or I am

      convinced that the government would , ere this , have repnired it , as a safe asylum fur those of its subjects guilty of political offences . The garrison of Paris consiits of fifty thousand men . ail from the provinces , and n most stupid looking set they are . The Parisian Conscripts are sent to Algiers , or as fnr as possible . The reason is obvious , they wovJd not fire upon the people . There are also about eighteen hundred policemen constantly parading tho streets , and a " municipal guard " of Bomefou- thousand troops , chosen from the ranks of the regular army , and whose especial bunineas it is " to keep the people in or'er . " One thing is evident , iliat though Louis Philippe obtained his throne inconsequence of a popular revolution , he does not mean to lose it by the tame means , if it is possible to prevent it . Everywhere you po you may meet soldiers , and they 3 warm

      about every place of public resort , as if danger wa < i constantly to be apprehend » d to the throne of his " Most Gracious Majesty . " Personal rights are not protected in France . A person may bs arrested by th" police , thrown into prison , and detained porhaps a year without beinjbrought to trial , or informed of the nature of ths complaints against him . There is plenty of sociat lictme , but not aparticUofpolitieanierty . Neither is there any freedem of trade , either foreign or domestic , but every department of business is fettered by the most ridiculous government regulations . A man eannetmin « upon his own land , for mining is a povernment monopoly , nnd even the poor peasants upon the 8 ea coaBt cannot filter a little of the oce-n water through a rasr , to supply one of the prime necessaries of life , because salt is a governmpnt monopoly . But I must stop , for the subject is pro'ific , and I shall weary your patience .

      PORTUGAL . THE IKSCBBECTION . Letters from Lisbon of the 10 th , state that a conflict had taken place on the 7 th between a body of troops and the insurgents near Cintra . Tho firing lasted for some hours . A number were killed on both 3 ide 3 . The column of troops first saw the insurgents about a mile this side of Cintra , in quintas or gardens tbat commanded the road . The Commander attempted to dislodge them by disrharzing some grape-shot from a field-piece . Not succeeding , he attacked the position with his infantry . The people retreated after a slight resistance . A furious tempest , accompanied with lightning and thunder , prevented the troops from brisk pursuit . The troops continued their march to San Pedro , a village on the steep hill that must be descended to reach the villa-je of Cintra . Here the people awaited their

      approach in a naturally strong position , to which they had added some defences . The people at this point were about four hundred and fifty . One hundred and fifty were regularly armed . The rest had fowling pieces and swords ; the infantry were ordered forward . They carried the position , but not until ihey lost one man killed , and five wounded . It seems a very small number for the time that the firins lasted , five hours and a half . The people skirmished as they retreated up the motntain , and were pursued by the troops . They ultimately dispersed in various directions . The Municipal Cavalr . r charged a part of the people down the steep hill through Cintra , and on to the Marquis of Maiialva ' s palace . The exact number lost by the people in killed and wounded is not known . No mention is made of prisoners . It is told by persons who came from Cintra , that the people desisted from firing only when their ammunition was exhausted .

      The progress of the army that left Lisbon , under Snldnnlia , was slow . Conde das Antas was at Batalha . The leaders ' of the insurgents are determined to fight obstinately . The Gonde das Antas , on receivinir the account that the Queen had taken his title and honours , appeared before the troops and people , and said that he stood amongst' them as a private individual , but even so was resolved to carry them to victory , and that he would lose his life in the cause of liberty . The enthusiasm of the soldiers and people was great . The struggle will be sanguinary * and tedious .

      SWITZERLAND . The Grand Council of Geneva ha « , after a short discussion , voted in favour of the proposal of the Provisional Government , for the immediate dissolution of the concordat of the Seven Cantons . Nothing , therefore , remains but to communicate this resolution to tbc Vororfc . The Grand Council of the Swiss Canton of Schaffhansen has decided by a majority of 43 to 19 , on a revision of the Constitution . Several Austrian ra iments have received orders to proceed to tho frontier of Switzerland .

      ITALY . A letter from Leghorn of the tth , in tbo Constilutionwll , says : — " From letters which we receive from the Roman States , it appears that the population of Fano ( delegation of Pesaroand Urbino ) had risen aaainst the Jesuits of tbe town . A demonstration has also , it is said , taken place against the Jesuits at Perusa . A letter from Rome , dated the 8 th . mst ., contains I some account of there ceremony of tho vossesso , which was celebrated on that day . That ceremony , ithe origin of which ascents to to the early time of the sovereignty of the Pores over the city of Rome ,

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      and reminds the Romans of their former municipal franchises H more political than Religious . The Dianodi Roma published on that day the nominaiion ot three . committees , composed of prelater and lavinen The first including the most distinguishe ' d magistrates and lawyera in the country , is charged with the reform of the code of criminal and civil jurisprudence . The two others , composed of Roman princes and men possessing great influence by their fortune and talent , are to devise a plan of ameliorating the munici pal system and repressing vagrancy , one ot the greatest curees of Its ly . In the morninjr , moreover , an edict was published relative to railroads . All those measures were received witii una-. . .

      nimous satisfaction by tin population which conaregat-d in . multitudes at the foot of the capitol , " under the triumphal arch of tho forum , along the ruins of the Coliseum , and in all the streets ami squares through w ' Mch the cortege of the Sovereign Pontiff was to pass . The Pope was everywhere cheered with the lotitlest acclamations . Om reaching the gate of St John of Lateran , the oldest church in Rome , the Pope was presented hy the Senator with the keys of the city , the symbol of taking possession of the sovereignty . He then entered the Lodge of St . John of Lateran and bestowed his benediction on the people who received it with the utmost piety and an enthusiasm impossible to describe .

      POLAND . A letter from Mie frontiers of Gnllicin . of November 9 . announces the annihilation of the last remnant ot lolish nationality . The " protecting" Powers having roso ved to make an end of the independence of the republic of Cracow , and to sanction its incor poration with the Austrian dominions . The Augs Imtg Gazette confirms the intelliirence .

      UNITED STATES AND MEXIQO . Tlie British aiifl N"rth American Royal Mail steam-ship Caledonia , Cnpt . Lott , arrived at Liverpool from Boston , on . Sundav last . There is but little news from Mexico . The principal priests delegated to represent the Mpxican priesthood , have consented . to raise two millions of dollars towards defraying the exnenses of the war , by mortgaging their estates and other property . Tlie merchants in the city of Mexico have vaised five hundred thousand dollars , and paid it over to tlie .. Government

      f » r the purpose of carrying on the war , and promised an equal aromint within the next fifteen days , besides asrering to keep up a contribution of the snmc amount once every month . The Americans had raptured the hri a of war , Malck Adhel . Tlie officers ami crew on board the brte being totally unprepared frr an attack , took to their boats , in great confusion , on the npnrarancc of the Americans ..-Nauvoo is still in trnuVe . The Mormons have all left , except a few who are too sick and . feeb ' c . The city is under the sway of . a lawless set of rioters , whose conduct is most infamous . CAPE OF GOOD HOPE . A <» c < nint < have como to hand trnmthp . Capo nf Good Hope to tho 20 th of September , ftml from the Eastern Province to the 10 th of September . Tho Kaffirs were robbin ? as actively , and , we fear too , almost ai succnsfully as ever , having driven off immense flocks of sheep , and a large number of cattle . The English t . voops having penetrated some iliaance into the Kaffir country the respective commanders were attempting to draw a sort of cordon around their slippery foes , and it is said tbat some of the chiefs had made overtures of peace .

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      THE LAND FOR THE PJEOPLE . "For me , for thee , for all !" CAU S E S OP T H E D EC LI NE AN D FALL OF THE ROMAN COMMONWEALTH . ( Concluded from our last number . J A plebeian named L . Siccus Dtnratus spoke then in favour of the people with the eloquence of facts . He showed that he hud been in military service forty yenrs . During this time he had been present in one hundred and twenty-one battles . He enumerated the wounds which he ha < l received , and ths honourable distinction with whieh lie had been charged , " If it were not known at Rome , " snid lie , " what my fortune i 9 , would it not be believed that it is proportionnble to my protracted toils ! My companions , and myself , hive ilerendi-d the Republic at the hazard of our livc « , extended its limits , conquered vast and fertile plains where we ilonotoivn the smallest portion , anil whiuh are unlawfully possessed

      by men without merit , whose pernicious ( ie 3 ignsonly ten >! to our dogradation . " Notwithstanding the eloquence of Siccius , the law was a ^ ain postponed , and shortly after he was assassinated ! This plan ot" getting rid of partisans of the people , was not well adapted to conciliate tlicm . They wero more patient than could have been expected , but in the end did themselves justice . Tlie case of the Decemvirs ought to have stnrtled the senate . This body saw its despotism de ? troyin * itself , day by day . Il saw that each now injustice impaired its authority . It was on the point of losing the right of decreeing the triumph which it had refused to two consuls who were frienda of the people—but its iirrouance was incorrijiibU 1 , To sundus this arrogance th * people employed a violtnt romedy . * Thev demanded that the Patricians should he

      allowed to intermarry with the plebinn t-rder , and that plebenns , who were worthy should be admitted to the consulship . The senate wiis ' shocked at these demandsdeclared , at first , that they would procoed to the last extri-mities sooner thnn consent to them . Yet they finally consented , and allowed everything to be shared between them and the people except teca'th . This proves th . 'il they ware nv-re influenced by avarice than pride . But to flatter the people foe a moment , was not to remove their sufferings , the two causes of which , Usury anil Poverty ' , did not cease to sifliiet them . Thoy again demanded a division ot f he Lands of the Republic . C : u millus opposed himself to Ms and was banished as Ori <> - lanus had been . His exile allowed the Gauls an opportunity to lay Rome in aslics . These troubles deprived th «! state

      of its best support—of those valiant and bold men who being too independent to serve one party ( the senate ) often became the scapegoats xnd victims of the other ( thepeopli- ) . It was Him * that Manlins was destroyed , aii'l , in the sequel , the Gracchi . The excessive opulence of Rome after the fall of Carthage , and Nutnnntia—the boundless luxury , nhich the ;; randees displayed in th if palaces , their gardens , and at their tables , rendered the oppression under whicn the people groaned , more intolerable . To remove somo of tho most odious fea . tures of this monstrous inequality the tribune Tiberius Gracihus attempted to renew the law fur the division of the public lands . Motives of revenge have been attributed to this tribune , who is , at the name time , acftnuwletfged to have been one of the most virtuous of men , but

      it will soon be seen whether he was moved by this pas sion . By the law of consul Cassius , no citizen could possibly hold more than 500 arpeiits of the pi-blic lands . Gracchus demanded tbat this luw should be put in execution . The cause of the people was that of justice , of humanity , and of the country . It was even that of the rich , considered as citizens , but Gracchus , to give more authority to his proposed law , had the precaution to procure the approval of the most enlightened and upright men in the Republic—such as Aggripius Clodiue , his father-in-law , Mutius Scavcln the lawyer , the sovi-reign P- > ntiffCros > us—persons ) who wer > ' revered at Rome . He did more , nnd without availing himself of the influence of their suftrng * s , he observed in his edict a spirit of g > 'iitk'iu'ss ami tnoder / ition which ought to hare nppeuseil

      the rich , if avarice ever could be appeased . He aiinoun . cod that those who had contravened the laws ihotild uot onlv be unpunished , but that thoy should not be obliged to restore the ri'venui ' , which they had drawn from tlie lan-1 , during their possession of it He added , that whutever the law might retrench from their possession should lie reimbursed to them out of the public treasury ; in fact lie confined himself merely to a cleinnml , in the name of tlie people , that justice should bo done them for the futuro ; leaving to those who held the public la-ids , the peaceable possession during their lifetimes , of all which they could not hold consistent with the term * or" tJie low . But nothing eould satisfy the avidity of tlie rich . Tlicy unchained ( dechiannent ) themselves against Grncc ! iU 9—treated him as n seditious person , and a disturhtr u !

      their peace . whi : h they termed the " public pi'M'e . " It was then that he delivered that celebrated address ot which I shall quote some extracts . " The most feroi-iou * beasts , " said lie , " have tlmir couches , and their den * , whilst men , ulu are soldiers and Komun citiz .-m , : iru compelled to wander to and fro , with their wives and children , without finding a resting place . Is it right that such a number of valiant men should combat with unnumbered perils and fatigues , for the luxury , the wealth , the gewgaws of their fallow citizens ? How can the generals who command themhow can they say , that they'll lead them on , to fight for their domestic altari , and th « tombs of their fathers , since not a single one of them has a house , a domestic altar , nor even owns tlie soil where his father b » d the right of sepulture ! They term you , " said lie ,

      addressing the people , " tho owners of the soil : what owners ? You do not possess the smillsst portion which you can use , or on which you would , even , bo allowed to erect a hut ; nil this , while others , without fatigue , and without dang-r , possess immense domains ? " To these motivoa he ndd'd othi-rs more intewsting , even for avarice itself . The security of possessions . The hope of enlargisg them , if those who alo « e coulil guard them wt-ru not allowed to perish , gvevy means w . ra brought into operation by this courageous eitiswn . What whs the result of his zeal ? A few dnys after this address ho was knovked on the head in the capitol , under the eyes of tho seaatu , and by itsoi-tUr—when Seipio Nasiea , thesovereign l ' ontiif marchr d to the attack at the head of the senators . —Seipio died a short time afterward overtvhalrr ed irit > i infamy and remorse .

      The munler of Grauthus diil not appease the rage of the great ami wealthy—they outraged his corpse , and those of his friends whom they murdered alcng with him . They causedIiis remains to be dragged iuto the Tiber . One of his friends was enclosed alive in a cask with vipers . This punbhment was invented and inliicted on men who wished to retrench some auperflxiitieo from the unbounded luxury of the rich , in order to minister to the wants of tbe poor , Cains Gracchus , the brother of Tiberius , as virtuous , and still more eloquent , was , like him , the victim of his zeal for tho people and of the hatred of the great . Before his death , he bad erected the Tribunal of the Equestrian order to judge and punish the crimes of the senators—a terrible blow to the power and dignity of tbe senate . The people , who by aH inconceivable act of * So considered , though not so in fnot ,

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      COWanlice had abandoned their generous defender ; , recovered , from their terror ; ' and more violentl y hated their tyrants , who had made them tremble . The rostrum , and the Campus Mnrtius , which until the murder of tin Graechii , had never witnessed bloodshed , were themselves inundated with gore , and Rome bieamo aalniight . r house . It must be seen with what readiness tlie people reduced to despair would deliver themselves to the first one of their rank , who dared to lift the standard of re volt , or the first patrician who would take them under liis protection . Hence no many civil wars , wliicl ) were kin'led , as if from tlie ashes of th'jse men , until the senate and the people wore the same yoke . It has bi'en ' ' .

      said that tlie Roman people were not worthy of freedom , but it is plain that the senate was unworthy to rait them . Its pride , wbieh enst it down , followed it in its degradation , and , after having shaken the foundation , of the republic , finished the work of its rain , In proportion as the stnnto became more odious to the people , it became more eager to persecute those of its own order whom the people favoured . According to its maxim , thi' / riend of the people was the enemy of the state . It was not without reason , tlmt the senate distrasted powrrfnl anil popular men . It compelled the people to dtsire another yoke thnn its own , but its restless nnd cruel pride aceelerited its own fall instead of retarding it .

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      IRELAND . STATE OF THE COUNTRY . Destitution ix Galway . —Tlie Rev . F . Kenny , parish priest of Spendal . county of Galwav , makes tlie following statement in . 1 letter to the Freeman ' s Journal : — A poor m , in of the name of Thom : i 3 Mollone , who h ;> rl bee : i working on the new line of road frnm Costello ba \ to Onghteriird , was , on his way home from work on Friday evening last , so c . vhnusted from the effects of hunger and fatigue that he laid down and died within eighty perches of his cabin . After a long smirch on f e following morninp :, he was found a lifeless corpse beside a rid . of turf on tbo top of a mountain above his bouse . I linviinquired most minutely into the circumstances of his death , and from what has been told me regarding it , nn

      firm conviction is tlmtli' - hits fallen si victim to thecnus' .-s already assigned . He was working for tlie last four wei-ke on tho nbov-i-named road , striving to < -: irn a miserable subsistence for himself , wife , and ix helpless chiMrcN . to accomplish which , he should each morning walk a rii * - tanee of six Irish miles , through a wet pa'hless mountain , nnd the sama dreary journey back in the evening , a fur carrying dripping sand on his back during the day . » ith only one meal , and that same a scanty one . I have st ; i tr'i tunt he wan Inbourinjf for tlie Inst four wve ' is on this road , —aye , and in cold , and wet , and hunger ; and yet . cruel to relate , he had not received one pi'nny of wages for

      theRft four weeks * work up to the moment of hi * death He had neither eow . nor calf , nor sheep , nor lamh . no r any means of subsistence for himself and family , but his daily 1 'ibour , which ho was enabled to perform through thecliarity of his compassionate neighbours , who lent him a few stones of oats , which his poor wife , ground with a hand-quern into meal . On the morning of his death his " ' wife requested of him to tako a little crust of bread with him , which , as she said , misrht keep the life in him till lie returned . But the tender-hearted father , who Mi more for tho wants of his little children than bis own , re fused the bread , sayinir , "Give it to them little one ; , I can do without it better than they . "

      Plunder of Flour .. —On Monday nisht between nine and ten o ' clock , as Thomas Byrne was brhi'rin ! : two dravs Infilled with fl-mr . fli

      narty . As Mr . Richard Woods w suits day proceeding on a car towards Borrisokane , to pay the men ¦ mp ! oy « d on the public works , he was stopped by an armrd party , about fire miles from this town . One nf tlie fellows seized the horse , while the others placed the driver on his facn . threatening him with instant death if lie moved . They then dragged Mr Woods off the car , and searched his pockets , ' carrying off all the money they could find , which fortunately consisted of half notes only . Mr Wonds bavins : used the precaution of sending the first halves by yesterday cvenin »' s post . They theji fired a shot or Iwn , nnd g ave him some severe blows on tlie bead and facelie was conveyed to town a few minutes since , but his wounds are not considered of a dangerous nature .

      Employment op the Pf . opi . tj . —The following extract of a letter from the west of the county of Limerick suggests some rather unpleasant rellfetions rcspectins the practicability of tbe Board of Works bcintr enabled to find employment , even at the present enormous cost to the country , sufficiently permanent to overcome the threatened perils of tlie present winter : — There are in this barony nearly 4 , 000 men at work , and the payments amount to about £ 800 a week . How this system is to be carried on , I do nut see , fur even already tlie engineer is beeinniiiR to exp vii-nee great difficulty in fitidin ; , ' irork for the immense numbers he has employed . It may go on for a few months , say two or three , but the idi .-n of keeping up working at roads , new or old , for

      tintime that will ineviiably be required is preposterous . They speak of calling a new sessions here for reproductive works , but the gentry in the country are not in a position to burden themselves individually with the sums which would be necessarily made chargi-nble on their properties in that way . There is not a labourer employed in the county , except on public works : and there is every prospect of the lands remaining unfilled and unsown fnrin .-xt year . The labourers can eiirn from 19 . to Is . Cd . a day at task-work , and from the number employed there ouiiht to be no onu in want in this barony . But , unfortunately , the relief committees put many persons on their \ Uts who tire not in absolute need of it ; and the consequenc ^ i * . that there are many families entirely without work , while others are saving money to a considerable extent .

      1 'ood Riots . —Notwithstanding the admonitory letter of tlie Lord-Lieutenant , the peasantry of Clan continue their lawless proceedings with unabated vigour . On Tuisday last a troop of the Sth Hussars , who had arrived in this town on Satuidny , from Tuila , whither they had been ordered in consequence of an apprehendul meeting of tlie peasantry , together with the company ol the 73 d Regiment at present stationed lure , and n number of constabulary , escorted a few loads of torn from this town to the village of Clare , in onler to have it shipped for Limrriuk . This military escort was deemed necessary , owing to tlie determined opposition which has been nvinifested by the people around that village to the shipment of grain ; although they have been informed by Mr . Russell , of Limerick , that he sends much mor ? meal and fi' > ur to this town tliun the corn lie taUes from

      it would produce ; and as Mr . Russell refuses to send in meal and flour at present in eon ^ cqueneu of their imped , injj the course of his trnde , the evil effects of their illjudged polity must fall on tlie people themselves . iN ' otwithstanding tbat they have been reasoned with oa tlie sul ' joet , we regret to find tint they still sei'iu disposed to persevere ill thfir lawless en < Hu-t ; so much so , indeed , that even the presence of this military force did not deter the mob from rushing upon tho carts laden with grain , aii'l endeavouring to stop their progress Captain JLuyne read the Riot Act , after which the jujlice found it tveccsi « ary to strike some of the most determined of the mob with the biu-ks of their swords , in order to force them from tlie ears ; this was at lnst arcomplUhcd , : ird thi loads of grain allowed tn make riit-ir truy to "lfi ' ! " ;' V . nhen it was discovered tlmt there was no boats to-rcceive it , and they were consequently obliged to Convey , it b . ick again to this town . —JSnnis Paper .

      'I lie Lhncnch Examiner has un account cs an outrage of a similar character : — On Wednesday morning a crowd of people ,, numbering iibout y UO , collected at Clouralu , to stop . Ma . 1 ) . uistonV rne .- il car on its way to Limerick ; at tliis time the gr . inri division of tho Satl \ Ucgiaient was passing through this village , and the bugle had sounded a bali ,. yet notwithstanding so mighty a shavr of military pi" * er , the peoyl actually drove the meal bank through th « ranks of Jhi soldiers . Dr . Kidd iiuerlerred and addaussed the people , who as soon as they eonld hear liim uried out uwi-niniously that they would do whatever fcti desired thcM . ; nl course the Doctor advised them to \ ut tlio corn pr * on whieh they immediately complied ui . iii : Mr . I ) esi 3 ton ' . > man in clmrice of tie car was very viulent , and be-iag toll ! hj several that he might tlmnk Dr . SUM that lie was It " go on , he replied ; that lit- did not citrc for any w ilicm , 01 the Doctor eitlt 82—Those who bwn-d this gr «* = furious , and but for thu . interference of IV . Kidd woiisibave torn the man to pims .

      Tho Eueawft iiuil reporirs tlmt the fast accounts from , the west of the county of Lir&eriek are of ti more favoarable nature , asd adds : — Tlie men employed on J ' ao puhlie ivertsg are < a ! d ! i ( . < more frr& ' y to taskwork , and thv decline in prices has 113 d it * effect in showing thisn the actunl > uadnt > s of tlicir inteirap ' -imj : the corn uf tlu-ir employ . » -s in going to niiiiket . In one case priocs fell 3 d . a-sttme in the interval between the time when some mrs , loaded with corn , ftw » i the neijL'boin-hood of ttullingurry , were stepped 011 their way to the mills of Caruss , ami tbe time whin tincountry people ullowed it to bo sold . The diiposition to obtain arms still exists , and Jluro is no security fur property . A letter from Clonmel , thus describes the state ot affairs in that part of Tippsrarv : —

      In this vicinity , " says the writtr , " the small farmers have universally left their holdings , and ure employed aB stewards over the road gangs in distant jiurts of the county ; the constqmnce U , no land is bung prepared for the reception of wheat , and if the i . vesent favourable season be allowed to pass by without sowing that crop , what will be our ' prospcers this time next year ! Indeed , agricultural business Is altogether givfeU up , Ulld men who hold 10 ov 12 Irish acres ara actually scrambling for lOd , a-day , breaking stones In lieu of digging their fieldB , As usual , tlio most deserving oi reliof . do

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      not get employment , recommend » tioi | 8 bciHjf given by the larger farmers to get rid of those ' characters who ¦ irem . ist troublesome . In the midst of all this apparent diptreg . , when we are told the labourers have mt wherettlthal to purchase sustenance , the sale of firearms of all descriptions has increased to an Maiming ostmt ; not only the gunmakors , but the hardware shops in this town , are ( . riving a brisk trade in the commonest description of , u « s a nrt pist 0 lSi Farnws . ,, yS i who aro now „ . „ ,.,, j ( jn the ,.., „ ,, „ at „ 2 ., iea 9 than t }) e nrernffewns ,. softn * ( listrct [ vide Treasury minute ) , are wei-fcly buying guns at Alas . en ch , and pistols at 10 , . 1 » ,. ive known , withirt the last few < l ., ys . a labouring man to make a purchase of fou-r BUns ; in fact , tho entire poPniBtioil u nownrmcd f and we may expect a winter of r ., bbery ami viol ..., e « .

      Dcnnx , Nov . 15—There is but little intelligence of any interest to lic-rleaned from the few provincial napers which reached this day . The scant information they furnish is , however , upon the whole satisfactory , as pvidencinc tho gradual subsistence of the panic . Corn and provisions of all kinds are heomninc more abundant , ami , greatly to tlio snlfefao-« inn of all parties , save one , th « speculators nnd hoarders are likely to be the sufferers in the combination , to uphold the market prices of food beyond tlieirnahif . il levpl . The public works are projresslng so rapidly , that now presentment sessions must speedily be held toaffwl other menus of employment ; and the gentry , Iwcomins nlfirmcd ntthchrnvy taxation , are exertin ? themselves very strenuously to make an-ansre * ment * for drainage and other productive works , on -noli ii scale as toalxnrb all the destitute persons reqnirins employment .

      Still there arc somo vpry painful reports of drstituti -n ; nnd , oven in this severe season , omiaration is in progress from some western ports . Those who Iiave tin ; means of paying their pa .-snge across il \ 6 Atlantic , prefer oven a winter voynee tothoprnswvt , of rnmainim / in their native country at such a period of unprrcdptitod distress . Thk Pijiimo Works . —Tt appears bv tlio h ' e-t returns , that the per-ons omolovoil limlor Mie Riwivd of Works ni'W amo- nt . to 150 . 000 , and that they are distributed nm-ngst one hundred ant ! lifty different localities . Iitisir Railways' . —The Anglo Celt , a Cavan paper , contains the following : —

      We hnve received an important TrRasur / mrmnrnndum to the t'ffwt , that tlse Treasury will , on tlie reconun » iiffntion fthe Donrd ofYTorls ? , snni'tinn Inansfor tls « ennh worts ( only ) of railways , for which Acts --f Parliament linvo bi'cn obtained , utiHer rim OfM and 10 th Victoria , c . 107 , 15 iit tlie following conditions mu « t " ne comjilifd > v ! th ;—The loan * ore to be m . i > Ii > on tin- iKim-iies on tho security of tlitir nros « -ntmtnts . r . nA net tn tlu > ronipany . Tlie company must he in njtiinl possession nf the land through winch tV » e railway is to pnss , or must trWe security that they "ill ha so hoforo the works begin The company must give security to the hurony for the halfyearly repnymiMit of the advances , vith intm-st . No wnrk tn be presented for whieh uann-tt be completed by Auuust next . Tliwe conditions are considered so sfrinsrent that it is proh : iMe that they will nut be comp'i-d with to any great x ' ent .

      State of tub Heprat . Fond —Some vf > ry in . 'trtictive . revelations rrspcoHn . ' the ? tato of tbc Ki-peal "xehcrj'ipr have mod's their way into tlif Evening Mail . They are substantially correct , and lvinsr so , ire especially recommended to thn pe > us-il of the imwtinpnt dnmnurers for a publication of t . He disbursements of tlip enormous sums of money swal' owed up between the years 1 S 43 anrl 1 S-1 C : — A . t the meetins of the finance committte nf the Repe al \~ > m iation on Wednesday last , t ! ie sum of £ 200 , beinit tliesub » eript ? on of the association ! o tbe monument intended to be erected to the late Mr . Thnmn * Pavis —• was submitted for final auditing , in order to its discharge . Mr . Steele , held pacificator , « fce ., opposed its payment . The Ynun ;» Ireland party ( thought this immaculate patrio- ) had disentitled the memory f tlu-ir appostl * to any lestiirony of esteem from a great moral force party such as that association .

      The Liberator ( after some altercation on both sides ) , rose and made thg following remarkable olwovvattons , which we will not venture to comment upon , as commentary would be in the last degree impertinent : — The Liberator . —! disagree with my beloved friend , Steele . in suggesting political considerations nn a quest'onofthis kind . Tt is purely financial , and ghould ba so treated , and . for that reason alone , I fujjwt with very ereat humility tliat its consideration be postponed for a few dnys , until my accounts , as tbe trustee and tie . i surer of tbc a « o « iation , be . wound up . They are very nearly completed , and aitiioudi I cannot speak with certainty , as to one hundred or two , still I have no doubt that Is ! iall be iiblii to sitiify you tfr .-it the Repeal Association is in my debt to the extent of £ ( S 0 O to £ 700 nn a general balance , I think , under such circumstances , you ought to be ju « t before you are generous . The finance committee have atipurned sine die .

      A . votiikr Journey to Darrt . vane . — . YccnrrMncr to thc present arrangement , Mr . O'Conncll—by the advice nf his medical advisers , it is said—will leave Dublin for I ) arrynane in theeourseof ten days ova fortnight—further abstinence from political excitement beinir deemed indispensable in the present state ot tlio Wiaurabta and learned gentleman ' s health . No timo can be fixed for his probable return to town . Further reductions take place from this date in the s . tidfof Conc ) iiiti < in Hall , tbe services ofsevpral clerks beinff no longer deemed necessary . What else could be expected when the Association is indebted to Mr . O'Oonnell to the tune of " sav" .- £ G 00 .

      KKFKAb Association , —At the usual wpjciy meeting of this body , on Monday la ^ t , Mr . O'Connell entered into a lon » defence of himself as a landlord , againstacertnin false and libellous paragraph which had appeared in the Times newspaper , copied , he believed , from tlie Cork Examiner and Dublin Packet , in which , iiis tenantry at Oahireivcen were represented as in a state at once of starvation and mutiny . This , be ( Mr . O'Connell ) silti-gether denied , it was utterly untrue . The learned L'entJeniiiri ihen entered into a lima add boastful detail of his nunier . 011 s generous and charitable arts towards his t ! i * peitd > ants , lie had expended between three and four hundred pounds within the last fortnight , in contributing tn the relief of his Cahirciveen ' tenants ; and he expected to be able to carry them all over the pending diliicnlties without anv 2 rc . 1 t . sacrifices .

      Mr . Steelb made a \ nx \« oration directed entirely iiu . iinst Mr . Smith O'Brien and tlio Young Ireland part > . IJo now questioned Mr . O'Brien ' s , descent IViini Boirhomo . Mr . O'Connell was , in his view , tbc Newton of political science . George the Fourth was a " royal reptile . " At this period of tbe proceedings , the Riaht Rev . Dr . Urowne , the Roman Catholic Bishop of Eiphin , entered ttie Hall , and was loudly cheered . He was placed on tho bench next to Air . O'Connell . who received the Rev . Gentleman with the grcutcsfe obeisance , ; uid hum hi v kissed his Luut . ' !

      AM-KICAN" MONKT . Mr . O'Connkj . i , announced subscriptions fiom America , the chief of which was on © of . € 200 frura . tbe repealers of Bo-ton . ( Great cheering . ) The Right Rev . Dr . Bkowsk was deputtd . he said , by a preponderating majority of the Catholic prelates nnd of the priesthood geiieralfy , to express his ar . d tlu'ir unaltered and unalterable attachment to . Mr . OTonncll and his peace-acting principles . Tlie Dtic-ror covertl y attacked the Xntiim nuwsuaper ases-enSially " infidel-, "" and denounced the Y-. " . ; ng Iri-landm with » reat emphasis . At the conclusion of his speet-h , Mr . O'Cunncll proposed three vast "hurrahs" for the Bi .-lmp of l £ lphin , which were fiven according ! ' ' .

      Mr . Curtis , barrister , annosij ) c > 'd : ¦ sum of i £ S from tiie Roman Ciitholic RUto-p of \ V ;\ terf .-rJ and L'ijL'hty-t . wo of his clergy . ( . More clni-ir . ii ' . ) Mr . O'Connell ( -to . the upper s : allor ! i ^)—1 » -J || te ! l you a secret , and there s cnoti ^ h uf you tl .-.-e to keep it—'" I do . not care » ifro ;> i « o « for tiic Young inX / tiilers , " [ Lnu ^ hter . ) After some more of the same wretdin ! sciff . the rent for the week was annonm-id > n Iw £ 373 . " 5 s . 3 d ., including , of course , the £ 200 fioui Aiiu sii ; ,, ai . d tiie proceeding * , terminated , County Asmagii . —The Rev . Jul .-n M'Cau ^ and , in a letter addressed to tSie Pilitor of \ hi > Anwoli 8 nor * rfiflii , states-that on gi > tM !» up to his ehi . ivh ( liilii . ' ea ) on Sunday moniinsr , he found the fnlionu ! : notice posted on-one of tlte-p&thirs of ilu ; o ^ urclijatd ira'e . He expresses his be-iwF fb . it tho docr . nu-i ^ did not emanate from any of tlia inhabitants of ; iu- in : n : < o diate ttQighbourhmfcl ::

      —A'VTESJ ) TO THIS . "Ftfllow County > iu > :: —Evtry tMi-g thnS tlie farmer wss wuiit to c . nil iits oun is now }> iii > li ( il LMiItr l'n- cloil —The christi . * Uiis eansa whui the u- uiilJ U . n . if-l . ty unis . ot ' tio earth limit ktmtv the are but mi'iv tlirj nit-il not they dinv no ! a « ti juu ; to aslc what this l'K >;;! i ; : ; ii- unable to pay—We Sn-jir daily of public mi olin ^ s : n ; d tin- ( U'liberations of Ihii'MoiM *—tliis is ail fui ^ ji 1 —' . hoy » re l » t fbxus deliki'riitioiii ; 'cr the bist mutheJ ot ' pn'Siivjn-j the eeese .

      Let landlord * , if ) h y deserve tl-i > » nnit > , i-ojih- fu- wsrd file men awl sure Uiecountri thv * mitt the *» . of-luif tli ? y keep anything to save , them from , starvation mni onlv pKy one third of thy rout tluy i > : ii . l ia f .. nr . er ymr—I . ittluni va » -k renters ( and 1 i-nll a > . l by Mm ; i : i > ii < .- " vihi > M-fc nifctiru-ixe than as stated above ) luuKtuhr ihm he tl . sit Withholdeth from man his brca , ! U ithl-ulduih from him his life and the blood is the lifc tlttrcof . Lst landlords t . iUe warnini ; in time . Let all their bom bailiffs fear awl tremble and ruiiitm * ber what was once u-ritti 11

      KIU 1 NG NO Ml'KDKK . [ Tbe remainder of the untie c cannot be deciphered , in congf quoncc of its bciiis , ' torn . It refers to " blcvi or bread , and sinned— " l ' rcservcr . " ] On Monday night , as four men were returning home from a wake , they heard a noise as 01 elinina rattling , and supposing it to have- been a fettered horse , which had fallen into : x drain , they went to render assistance , and startled a party of robbers who were ripping corn from a stack belonging to Mr . Holland , of Armaghbrague , county Armagh , and who immediately decamped . County Clare . —Last week another horse wns shot at Carahan , within a short distance of the police bartack , the property of Mr . J . V . Molouy , of Oregg , oa

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      FRANCE . The price of bread at ; Paris was . on Friday , advanced to forty-six centimes the kiiloeram . In Normandy formidable bands of peasantry are scouring tlie country by nisht . and threaten tiie inhabitants who r- fuse to assist them . At St . Valery and 13 eaHyais armed mendicants , some of tho women drpssed in men ' s clothing , were extorting alms . The Duke de Bordeaux has addressed a letter to the Marquis de Pastoret , authorising the latter to open charitable establishments for labour at Chambord and the neighbourhood . The National draws a gloomy picture of the state of trie country , it says : — " France , ¦ which has lately experienced such cruel calamities , sees this unfortunate year draw slowly to its close in the midst of a financial crisis which

      reaets upon commerce nnd manufacture * . For some weeks past affairs are embarrassed , money appears to be withdrawn from circulation , credit is restrained and diminished , all the securities quoted at the Stock Exchange are undereoin ? a progressiye depreciation , and the Bank of France perceives its coffers diminishing in an alarming degree , and it is contemplated to raise the rate of discount , and at the same lime to diminish the period at which commercial bills are at present discounted . All tbo ? e causes unite d have profoundly affected public credit , and it is precisely at this moment that the railroad companies cnnie forward nnd call on tbe " -hareholders for 100 . 000 , 000 . What can we think of a Government so improvident as to abandon to the ecotism of privateinteres * on action so influential on the affairs of the country ?

      Forty-seven Spanish Carlist refuses were arrested hy the French authorities , on the 11 th instant , at Urbanya . in the district of Prades . On the 7 th , the " gendarmerie ' of Cariapone were in pursuit of ano her band , most o ^' wbom had already crossed the Coursan Bridee . Eight had been seized . Twentyseven more refugees , including several officers , were arrested on the same day at . Narbonne . THE HONEY-MONGERS DESPOTISM CONDITION OF TIIE PEOPLE .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 21, 1846, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1393/page/7/