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Northern Star (1837-1852), 15th August 1846, Edition 1 of 3, Page 7

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    • ;forcfgn iHo&ementSu
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      ;Forcfgn Iho&Ementsu

      ; forcfgn iHo&ementSu

      Untitled Article

      - And I will war , at least ia ward * , ( And—( hould my chance happen—deeds , } With all who war with Thou jht ! " « I think I hear a little bird , who singt the people bj and by will oe the stronger . "—Btkor

      REVELATIONS OF RUSSIA . - HO . YGhapter vii . of this Work is devoted to an exposure of THE BUSSIAN SECRET POLICE , a body , exceeding in its atrocious character , every similar institution yet established , not even excepting the Inquisition of Spain . " Every man in the em pire feels or fears that its all-seeing eje is watching bis conduct , and often viewing it with vision distorted bj private malignity , revenge , or envy . From what he his heard , from what he has learned and

      seen , the Russian donbts those nearest and dearest to him- the friend feels occasionally the suspicion flash across his mind that the friendship of long yearsmay prove only " a ' cloak to this fearful es pionage which the secret police entertains in all classes of society ; the brother sometimes dreads to confide to the brother thoughts which might be registered against him , and meet at some fnfcnre period with a retribution , sure , if slow ; the very bridegroom often questions whether the bride does not open to him her arms to worm front him some secret which may be supposed to exist . " If an officer of this force , "dis . l anguished by the livery of the secret police , present

      Mraself in the dead of the night before a frontier for * tress , before the palace of an imperial prince , or the dwelling of the first magnate of the land , he must have instant admission to the governor , the prince , or the neble—admission even to the bed of death and delirium , or into the nuptial chamber . He may drag any individual into a talega or kibitfca , without assigning any reason , without intimating why he is taken , whither he is going , or when he will return . Family , servants , and friends , must all keep a discreet silence on the event , and never even dare to ask ,, excepting after lone groping then * way through some influential channel , if ever , and when , is is to fceTestored tothem .

      "When the individual so treated returns—if ever he returns—he has been 'in the < oonntry / he has been ' absent on business / frequently he is himself ign orant of the cause of his a&bcHon ; bnt he seldom conSdes what happened in the course of it , even to the ear'Sf a most confidential intimacy . ' * Hereis an instance : — There is a lady still living , who was stepping oat of fcex carriage in her ball dress , when-she was quietly handed iatoaiteugc—herde 6 tiuatiTOW « s"Siberia , YTh « n thelong joerney was accomplished , she was located—she knew BOfin what region or government—in a bnt , containing two Tooms , each divided frem'the other , and leading into

      tiro-separate yards , each a few paces square , and -snr-* ouB £ ed by a high wall , wntch-only admitted the light of heaven . A sentinel was mounting guard outside the walls ; her coarse food was bronght by a silent jailor , md here she remained for two jcars . At the expiration ofthis term , the door of the > jard was one day opened , and a prisoner was thrust in to her , who turned-out to be = e Polish nobleman , who had been long confined in "the adjoining cell , bat was now removed to make-room fur another . In this room , or den , she lived with her nnftrtunate companion , for twelve years more , ignorant alike of the spot of earth she was inhabiting , am * of the cause of her bong banished thither . One morning , her 4 eor was thrown open , and a voice called for number so-¦ and-so , by which , in the rare intervals of months and

      even years elapsing between the occasions on tmich her sailors answered her or spoke to her , they had been ac-• eostomed to address her . She Btepped forward ; the Soor was closed , without her even having tinaeto take Jeave of her companion , whom she never saw again ; she ¦ wes honied into a . sledge ; she retraced the journey of many mouths , and on-: nigat found herself in toe office of -the grand-master of poliee ; 3 little cupboard m thrown -Open , and she was presented with the identical ball dress which had been taken'from her on the night of her 4 slle ; the jewels indeed were gone , hut there was not a iaw , a flower , or a piece-of lace of its blackened and faded frippery wanting ; even the withered nosegay and -tfcefan , in which a long generation of spiders-or brown fceetles had nestled , were-carefully restored toiler . She -uses thenceforward at liberty .

      This lady never knew the cause of her punishment or cf its cessation . " And did you never make the in-< jcirs V " What , be so -long in Siberia , and not yet have learned discretion .: " " And what was said on your reappearance in society ? " Nothing ; those' who had inewn me formerly made no comment ; to those who in . paired , who is Madame—— ! where is she from ? where aas she always Ured i it was simply ansveereA , ' MaiaMt ^ ensure depute bcauemp&onneesisur ses tares '— - " She has long been buried amidst her estates . " She secret agents , correspondents , and spies , direct and xndtrect , are- « ipposed to onfc nnntbermany Bcore of those wb . o -weartbe livery ofthis force .

      SFiie passport office is comprised in the institution tfihe Ihigh police ; anS through its intermedium every individual above Ihe peasantry is registered . Annexed to the duplicate of Mb reglstry . is -n compilation of all the reports-collected by all thespies who ha « . « ome across him Airing his life , with theii origioal observations , notes , and denunciations , all arranged with such admirable order and regularity , th atanSi . Pete / sbure Mid Moscow , within ; a few houra , ithe superintendent of police can become

      acquaiB 4 ed with the most secret actions of his life , together with the opinions-he is supposed to entertain , « r , at leavt , the sentiments he has avowed . There is thus many an individual wheimagines > bimself ntteily beneath the notice of government , to Trfiose same , in its black registry , are appended whole manuscript ' volumes 4 ipon volumes of secret information . Cordial acquaintances , dear friends , servants and slaves , and too often relatives , have e onsciously . or unconsciously contributed to swell th

      The Russian is Hot only subject to this terrible-eurvotfance within the pale of the-emplre , but when he travels abroad it follows him like his shadow . " In the drawing-rooms of London and Paris , he dreads ^ hat tbeeye of the secret poli ce may be npon him . Foreigners , in their own country , "Jaugh at his terrors but « perience has taught him , " too painfully how itrnl y they are grounded . The 6 eoret police acquires information , w , at least , employs -spies , as cheaply as it can ; but it purchases them at any price . By s . complicated and proportionately expensive system , ifchas rendered itself all eyes ; its very spies arespied

      ap < m . Chapter viii . unfolds the iniquities of TIIB CIYIL FOLtCE , Z . AWS , AVO TSTBC 2 WL 9 . Tfcje civil police , the great scourge of the middle and KsrMng orders , is everywhere subservient te the high police . In the ewil iorce , extortion and oppresswK , which elsewhere seek to hide themselves behind some veil , here walk brazen-fronted . The police ace in their organisation mffitary , and weara milit ary saiferm . "From first to last , a careful selection of all that is most fesse and villainous , from

      ihe depraved and crapulous class of inferior eop loyts and their spawn , there ia probably scarcely a man amongst theot who has not , in tie exercise , or rather ihe abuse of his office , rendered himself am enable to ifcose very laws of which he is an executive limb . Venality , extorttea , theft , and actually burglary and SHg-der , swell the dark annals of this respectable Jbody ; and yet , if their oppression is felt sensibly every hour , and their crimes constastly brought to light , nine-tenths of them are unknown to all but their aam ediatevietimB , snehisthesystem of secresy which stifles the cry of those who suffer , and ensures

      impunity . For preserving order and repressing crime , a more inefficient body exists not on toe face of the earth ; there are probably more robberies and assassinations committed in St . Petersburg alone , than in all the European cap itals put together- The following extort illustrates the foul character of these so called guardians of public security . Three Russian merchants , who had been enjoying co . pions potations , were returning home very much the worse for liquor , and one of them was so far intoxicated , that his comp » uiouB were obliged to leave him in custody ofthebontouchnDc , or watchman . In the « ourse of a few bows , when they were a little sobered , regretting what they had done , they went back to fetch him , but

      the boutouchnik and the two police soldiers declared that he had gone away long since . They were about to de-Dart satisfied of the truth of this statement , when one of them espied the boots and cap of his missing friend , which he immediately recognised . In consequence ef the suspicions «**•* * ttis f ^ m ^ e , they re . Mired to the grand-master of police , in whose office they Eome friend , through the intercession of whom ordWwere ohtotaea that an immediate search should be ? ££ companion was not at first * f « J £ clothes , together with those of many other individuals « m OilWYW . il in portion of the boutouchn * andhi .

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      • Histants . and a hole was at last perceived ^ which communicated from the inUrior of the watch-house with the c « n « lf near which i ^ was situated . " Here the remains of the murdered man were discovered ; and inthe course of the investigation which ensued , it was elicited that a wholesale system of murder had long been carried on in tho w » tch . box , by iU gnardiaM , who we , e in \ eagQe with the waiters of a neighbouring tavernrwho , when any of their guests were griffieientl y intoxicated , cansea them to be conveyed away by the bontouchnik who , * fto taurAtringihem- , sirlpped the bodi W ) which were cast through this hole below the ice of the canal , whence , long before it broke np , they would be carried away by the current . ..

      Theia anasrinatioMwefe oauy perpetfaleainalilUe wooden box , scarce tea feet ia diameter , In the Sevsky Prospect the most populous street in St . Petersburg , and which is generally as much crowded as the ' upper end efOxford-street in London . The guilty parties were punished with tho knout ; but the whole circumstance acquired more than usual notoriety from the fact , that the emperor , to whose ears it came , caused some o f the waiters who were accessories to be flogged before the windows of all the tavern-keepers of the quarter . But for this it might never have transp ired beyond the walls ofthe « Jt « t .

      The civil police major has the power to administer corporal punishment to all who arc not freemen ; this ig carried ont in private , within the walls of hisriege or place of detention . A Mounsieur Pemet , detained four days in one of these places ,, a slight partition only dividing his cell from the interior court , where the floggings were going on nearly all the time of hit detention , heard distinctly all that passed ! Amongst others , two young girls , workwomen at a

      fashionable milliner ' s , were flogged . under the eye of their mistress , for having dared to bring their lovers into her house . Each of these unhappy creatureareoeiveditseveraltimesouehundred and eighty strokes with . the plitt . . Next ; came the turn of peasants , hired servants , and others sent by their masters to be punished . Nothing in fact , but revengeful acts of atrocity , iniquities , and despair continued , whilst the detained Frenchman remained in this human hell . ; , " The foTSowing extract describes—THE IKOBT AM ) THE PL 1 TT . For onr author ' s account of theabominable tyranny of the passport system , the ' corruption and villainy cf the Russian judges , and the absurdity and rascality of / the laws , " that is imperial ukases they are appointed to administer , we must refer the reader to the work itself containing , these astounding revelations .

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      THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE ofthk POLISH DEMOCRATIC SOCIETT TO . THE DEMOCRATIC COMMITTEE ^ assembling is lohdon FOR POLAND'S REGENERATION . Citizens!—Placed at the head of the Polish Democratic Society , we beg to express to you onr warmest gratitude for the noble words yon have addressed to the French electors in behalf of our father-land . Yes , Citizens , the recent struggle of Poland against her oppressors wirt not be the . last : nothing in the world will prevent her from persevering in her de- " votedness to the sacred cause of her liberty and nationality . Vanquished to-day , she will to-morrow renew the struggle , because she understands the high mission with which Providence has endowed her . Poland suffers , but she hopes and works . She

      confides in the sanctity of her cause , in the vitality of her national genius , and in the principles of Liberty and Fraternity which she brings to the Slavonic nations . Will free and independent England remain a passive spectator of this sanguinary fight of every day , which Poland sustains in the name of Freedom and Independence against her three oppressors ! Will the peopteof Great Britain , with their Naval forces and Army , with their riches and national power , isolate themselves , from those European tendencies , which the despotism , the egotism and the ambition of the despots of the Continent endeavour to suffocate and crush ? :

      We think not!—Ton say yourselves ^ Citizens , that ihe British people largely participate in your sentiments for 7 o ? and . , 'Welh this generous disposition , we are satisfied , will no ? prove fruitless . Enlightened and devoted men of Great Britain will easily conceive the importance of the Polish question 1 they will show to their countrymen that Poland's present position exercises a great influence upon the fate of other nations , and that her regeneration will become immensely beneficent to the moral and matt-rial wealth of Europe . They will remind tke British

      people that Poland , amongst the Northern nations , was always the representative of Liberty and brotherhood * ;—that since and in spite of the loss of her politfoallndependence . she has never ceased to march on the same way . —and fnatespenfally since the revolnt on of 1830 , Poland has adopted fully democratic ideas , and , therefore , endeavours to free her social state from all those class divisions , from those privileges and prejudices which her past has endewed her with , and which her oppressors endeavour to maintain anS to consolidate .

      You , Citizens , you have undertaken this ^ noble task . We therefore beg leave to greet you in the name of-the Polish democracy , in the name of thia militant ^ atriotism . which does not eater into stipulation neither with Polasd ' s enemies nor with ideas which modern civilization disavows . Persevere with courage in - your generous resolutions and you " deserve well" of Poland , of the British people and of Humanity . Receive the expression of our fraternal feeling , In behalf of the Committee , The Chairman of the sitting . Joseph Wtsocki . The Secretary , Yiciob Heltman . Versaillf * , Jaly 31 , 1846 . 18 , Rue 3 es Tournelles .

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      INDIA . Intelligence has b ° en received that tranquillity prevails throughout India . In Lahore there was a spirit of di ssatisfaction . Money was difficult to be had there : The ^ Government was preparing to enforce its claims upon the Nawab of Moultan ; he was prepar ' iBg to defend his town . At Peshawur ilb& Sikh soldiers had exhibited symptoms of insubordination from want of pay ; but some advances had partly pacified them . < iholab Singh was busy in regulating his newly-acquired country . Scinde enjoys complete repose . False versions of the Scinde prize property continued to be published in India ; it was represented as if it was chiefly camposed of female ornaments . In In < Ha those ornaments constitute much of the wealth of each family , and a great portion is said to be the spoil taken by the Ameers sixty years ago from their

      predecessors . . At Cabonl there appears to be a system of rntnaue going forward for enabling Dost Mahommed to form a political union with Yeer Mohammed of Heraut , under the protection of Persia and Russia . Akbar Khan had returned from Jelallabad , and was In bad humour with all his father ' s friends at Caboo ! . The Rajah " of Ladwa . who had been betrayed by the Sikh Prime Minister , Rajah Lall Singh , was coming as a prisoner into the British territory , to be detained for life .

      The garrison of Kote Kangra , after much vapouring , bad surrendered at discretion , when the heavy guns were brought to bear upen them . The occupation of this almost impregnable fort has produced a great effect in the north of India , lor the British troops are looked upon as invincible . Many of the petty Rajahs were anxious to make peace and to show their willingness to obey the British by surrendering their heavy guns , Ac . The Nizam ' s dominions were in the same state of financial embarrassments , and the confusion consequent thereon . Some partial revolts of the half disciplined troops had been put down by the Government , making terms for part payment of the sums due . . .

      Sir E . Perry , who was monsoon-bonnd for some weeks in Ceylon , had returned to Bombay by travelling dawk acroBs India from Madras . He had a narrow escape in Ceylon ; a wild elephant rushed at him down the declivity of a hill ; Sir E . Perry threw himself down , and the elephant was driven past by his own weight . . An extraordinary practice was begun in the Presidency of Bombay of wealthy men using every means to get out of gaol although convicted of felony They spent large sums in order to invalidate their ^ trials A case of this kind took place at AhmedmepgnY m which the late Kotwul ( police magistrate ) of the cantomnentat Poona endeavoured to bring an action aoainsf . the fiommanfler-in-Chief for confirming the

      sentence of a Court-martial , which condemned mm to six years' imprisonment in » f <»; tr ^ JorK tion and peculation in his office . These attempts of rich criminals to neutralise the laws tave brought contempt upon the British system of justice ; those attempts ought to be scouted , as tending to show that wealth is to triumph over right . , The invasion of Uie Island to Bally by . the Dutch is considered to be opposed to the treaties with tlie British , which prohibit the extension of the Dutch olonies in the Eastern Seas . This subject demands serious consideration . The Dutch appear resolved to subjusate that island , much to the dissatisfaction of the British merchants at Singapore .

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      THE WAR IN THE CAUCASUS . SjRamyl ' s attack on the Kaborda was the boldest deedin the history of the Caueassian war . Whoever has paid any attention to this war must know that for the last forty years it > as confined within a very narrow space . Each of the many tribes and families

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      of this country waged war against " the Russians on Ma own account , rarel y , accbrdahco with , any concerted : njan , or in unionywith other tribes . ' Until Scbamy 1 . no leader succeeded ; iii assembling 11 real army under his standard , or of executing great operations on a determined / plani J . A ' narchy . " clannish feuds , and family hatred , preYailed ftp centuries among the Circassians , and even the nioBi powerful of the old princes of the country , such as Selim and Scfir Bey , or the bravest of the Vorks , of knights , as Jimb ulat and Guz Bey , we » unable , with fill their influence , toform a lasting , numerous , and strong union of the various tribes or clans against the Russians , or to assemble more than 4 , 000 .

      horsemen for an attack on the Kubank , Among the eastern monnta jneers of the Tfichetschna , DaBhestan , and Lesghistan , . fanaticsm was , a strong element , of which in former times Sheik Mansur and Khasi Mollah had availed themselves with ability and success ; frequentl y uniting tribes of different languages , and who had otherwise butlittle sympathy ; in one common undertaking against the " pale unbelievers . " , But even these ,, the greateat and moat celebrated heroes of the Caucasus could never cross the Terek for a campaign , with mere than 8 , 000 men . The whole steppe and mountain warfare on tha wide space between the mouth of the Kuban and the Caspian sea limited , itself on the part of the Caucasians to unceasing small attacks ,- plundering expeditions , and skirmishes , with at most the capture of a fortor Cossack station in view . Under

      these circumstance ? , and on such ground the offensive operations of the Russians themselves couidnot be on a very large scale ; even in the expeditions against Akulho and Dargo , the Russian corps did not exceed 12 , 000 or , 14 . 000 , men , 'including the Cossack cavalry , which could be of little use in the mountains . That Schamyl , after so many misfortunes and reverses , could again take the field with an army , greater in number than any ever assembled by his powerful predecessors , or even by himself , gives brilliant testimony of his energy and talentslas a leader of ihe brave tribes of ihe Eastera Caucasus , and prove the groundlessness of the repeated assertion of a speedy termination of the Caucasian war . The sadden apparition of an army of 20 , 000 men for

      an attack on the Kabarda , at a period when Schamyl's influence was affirmed to he greatly weakened , shows either that Schamyl has introduced some new system of terror to recruit Wi forces ; or , that tlve tribea have at last seen the necessity of cooperation . It is true his expedition was somewhat rash , and unattended by nositive success , but surely the retreat of this chief with so large an army , with but smaHloss , is nearly equal to a victory . On his interruption in the Kabarda , Schamyl left behind him a double row of Russian posts and forts , and two rivers , which in winter became torrents , difficult to be forded . With an undisciplined mass of tM > 6 f >*< , from many different tribes , who amid the confusion of their varying tongues , could with difficulty understand one another , without field-artillery without proper convoys of provision and ammunition , this bold commander threw himself into a . fiat country ,

      offering no advantage in an attack by regular troops , marched over a space of five hundred miles , through the strongest fortresses of the Russians ,, and by his SHdden appearance terrified the long-submitted tribes of the plain from the Sundscha to Laba . An armv of 70 . 000 men . with the entire military population of the Cossack settlements on the Terek and Sundscha , besides all the strong , Russian garrisons from VladikarkastoVnesapnaia were behind him ; and before him were the corps of the right wing arid the Cbssacks of the Laban and Cuban . Can it then be doubted thai his -quasi successful expedition must have given a serious blow to the moral supremacy of the Russians » No one can . now believe himself safe from an attack by the - Tschetscbentzi prince , whether on the advance frontier line or within the walls of Tiflis . An hour may see his house laid in ashes , h > s family slaves , and himself ilain by the ruthless enemy of Muscovite rule .

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      TUB CAFFRE WAR . A slight jktteh of the events which preceded , and led to the present war on the northern and north-east frontier of the Cape of Good Hope , will prove interesting at th « present moment , when , at the Ia 6 t advices show , the war has reached a critical point . The Caffres are a numerous and intelligent race of people , of warlike dispositions , and proud of thetr independence , thus presenting a complete contrast to the Hottentots ot the Cape . The inroads oi the Dutch on the rights and psssessions of the South African aborigines first brought them into collision with the Caffres in 1776 , and an irregular frontier-war arose , in which the latter proved themselves most dangerous opponents , ably availing themselves of the broken nature of the country . This war lasted with little intermission until the transfer of the colony to the English' in the

      beginning of the present eentnry , when the Englith Government , discovering the inutility of attempting peacefully to ad jast the long-cootinued feuds , and reconcile the hatred on each side , dispatched a Isrrge militarj force in-1811 , to expel the'CanresiR the Zaurefeld district , which had been in their undisturbed possession as pasture land for more than one years . Another object of this expedition nut , to obtain the Great Fish Siver as an effective boundary . To this end a line of blockhouses , forts , and military posts were co&stmeted along thfe * auMe of thtt rive * to hindoi Caffres , as well as the colonists , from crossing the front if r on either side , for the purpose of personally executing tbeir usual barbarous act * of revenge . The subsequent peaceful-exertions of the English Government , who even prohibited all intercourse with the Caffreland , had not , however , the wished-for success . Apart from the facts

      that the military force scattered along the Oreat Fith River was far too small , and that the banks of this river offered & -rejy favourable terrain for the freebooting attacks of-the Cafires , and their system of petty warfare , the hasty and unjust manner in which the ; were driven from Zuureveld ( they were not even permitted to cut the ripe standing corn , whereby they and their cattle suffered great distress ) excited strong feelings of emnity among the Caffires , which at last , in 1819 , led te a war against the English more violent than any that had preceded it . In this eheit , but sanguinary war , the Caffres fought with extraordinary valour . They advanced a long way into the Cape colony , a 6 far at Uitenhagen . a point midway betweeathe frontier and Cape Town , and , but for the bravery of its small garrison , would have made themselves masters of Graham ' s T « wn , then anewsettlemenf , butiiow

      containing a population of ten thousand souls , and second only to Cape Sown in importance . In the peace that was subsequently concluded , the Caffres were compelled to abandon the district between the Kevskamma and the Great Fish fiiver . The course of the former river was secured by a second military line of defence , and theuninha . hUe 4 land thereby acquired , peopled bv 5 , 000 English and Seoteh colonists . The latter step was , however , an error , it being supposed that the red Bait clay soil , which was excellent for pasture land , was also adapted for good arable land . This could only be the case with a plentiful supply of water , and the three years' drought of 1820-3 , together with tlie want of means among the colonists , broke up the settlement . About the same period that peace was restored , the various missionary societies began their labours , which , together

      with the spread of communication into the interior , and the increase of commerce with the Caffres during the fifteen years from 1820 to 1835 , seemed to favour the hopes of a continuance of peace . But in 1835 the longcherished hatred of the Caffres , aggravated by the remembrances of their defeat and severe losses in the former war , strain broke out in open hostilities . Numerous bodies of Caffres crossed the frontier from all points , the English settlers were driven from the possessions they had peacefully occupied since 1820 , and the 1 'ibours of fifteen years were in a few hours scattered to the winds by these savages , whose course was not stayed until they reached Graham ' s town , the scene of their former check . It has been a cona'ant subject of complaint from the colonists to the Government , that ( he military force in the eastern portion of the Cap is far too

      small . In the war of 1835 , which was preceded by man ; premonitory symptoms , the whole force to oppose the enemy was 400 men of the 76 th Regiment , and 200 Hottentot Jagers of the Cape mounted riflemen . The wonted energy and decision of the English , however , enabled them to repair their error ; the whole population of the colony capable of bearing arms were embodied , nod large reinforcements of British troops brought seawards from Cape Town . By this means an end was soon put to the war , with great loss to the Caffres , who , in spite of their great bravery , were unable to resist the superior force of European firearms and discipline , in both cf which they were then deficient . The cost of this brief war alone was £ 600 , 000 . In the peace soon afterwards agreed upon , the old boundary of the Ke . vskamma was retained , but toe Caffres were obliged to surrender u

      tract of land between the lower course of that river and tlie Great Key river , which appointed as neutral land under the name of Queen Adelaide ' s province . In this land no settlement was made by either party , but the Caffres were allowed liberty of pasturage . The grounds of the present contest must be sought in the turbulent disposition of the Caffres , their love of plunder , so strongly eicited or the large herds of the frontier farmers , and the ambition of their chiefs , whose power is null , except in war time ; to these causes must also be added the fear of seeing their country gradually tnken entire , appropriated hy the English . Nor is this fear ill-grouuded—for since Natal has become an English province , it is extremely desirable , for the consolidation of the English power in Soufh Africa , that the north-cat settlements on Mu-Garriep in the interior , and tl 1 uti the east on the Kevskamma , should be

      connected by Snglish territory as far as Natal . The intervoning country is fertile , with numerous navigable rivm , and abounds in metal ores . This tract is the more important , sincein Northern Caffraria , the Zooloos , a renlly powerful nation , who have one hundred thousand armed warriors , constantly ready for the field , already threaten on irruption in the colony , their sole obstacle ut present being a few tribes between them and the AmakosaB . Were they to enter the colony from the eastern frontier the small military force stationed at the Cape ( usually thre » or four European regiments of 800 men each , and some artillery , ) would with difficulty repulse them , particularly if , as , in spite of all the precautions of the English Government , has already been the case , the Zoolooa should provide themselves with firearms . The present Caffre war will doubtless be as brief as the former , but much more sanguinary , far since 1835 , the Amakosas

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      ammunitloiL ^ hy cbn ^ st oftn ^^ BliosiHr will "how ! ever , prove bar a ' further step ' to View ! war with tnV fierceand victorious Zooloos . ' ' ; r > « - ; ' i By letters from her Majesty ' s ship Thundertnlt , dated May 25 , we 1 learn that she Was acttveiy ehgaged ' in convey- ' ing reinforcements from the Caps tin AlgpaBiiy . In ' opn . sequence of disastrous news from the frontier , on the lOiW instant , she conveyed eighty inenof the 27 th Regiment ; all the marines that could : be spared ' from the President , aud a , hody of buvgheM ,: ^ m . thV-Qap 6 * 'lo ;' ileA& 'Ba 9 { she also embarked a"Heldpiece , a copgrere , rocket party from the President ' s blue jackets , and a ' great quantity of tire arms and small arm ammunition . The frontier

      papers give a most deplorable account of the depredations of tho Caffrej , and the sufferings and privations of many . families whose houses and property have all been destroyed fey these ruthless sdvages . who'have penetrated more than eighty miles into the colony Without receiving a cheek . ' : Even from AlgoaBay was seen the smoke of the fires kindled by the Caffres . Upwards of 15 , 000 men were ' then on their way to Graham ' s Town . The Goveri nor was at Grahum ' Town , collecting and organizing his forces before he marched onward . The Sappho sailed on Friday , the 21 st May , for ttie Mauritius , with provisions and stores for the Conway , calling at Algoa Bay with 400 stand of arms , taken out of a brig on nor way to India . ' ¦ :

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      —~~ i ^ . ^»> *~~ . IRELAND . ; ,, ' FAILURE OF THE POTATOE CROP ! . ! The most deplorable accounts reach i Dublin from the provinces . The' early crop is rotting in the ground , and there is no longer room to hope that the late plantings will escape . The ^ sufferers indulge in a vast variety of speculations as to the cause , and urge a still greater variety of theories as to the cure , or prevention of the disease : Some attribute it to the use of guano , and others—with more show of reason—to atmospheric influences , A third party trace it to the natural decay ot the rital principle in the plant . In short , ' they hold that it n run out , " and that there remains but one course left us ,

      namely , to set about emancipating the masses . at once and for ever from their dependence oh the potatde . The accounts from the West of Ireland ara , particularly disheartening , inasmuoh as in 'addition , to the failure ef the crop , the unfortunate peasantry will have to contend against the apathy of the landlords and the want of employment ; which has characterised their conditions at all times during thelast half century . It is only fair to the ; government to state that they are doing everything in their power to mitigate the sufferings of the people . They have ordered extensive issues of Indian meal at a further reduction of £ 1 per ton , oncost price ; and it is said they ate about to expend large sums on public works , which , while affording immediate

      relief , will be of permenent advantage to the localities . The other crops , including wheat and oats , promise to be most abundant , Reaping is now becoming general in the south and north-western districts , and both yield and quality are considerably aibove the average of former years . . Dublin , AwocsxlOJ—The following deplorable accounts of the propecta of the potato harvest are contained inthe papers of this day : — " Yesterday ( says Che Galwcy Mercury of Saturday ) we were visited by » deluge of rain , which rendered the streets , ' in ' some parts , impassable ; and this morning we had more than abundant showers . As for the potatoes , no reliance heed be placed upon obtaining a sufficient 8 upply for the year . In many parts of the country those

      which were found good and sound in the early part of the week now presents every appearance of digease . "— " The greatest fears ( says a' correspondent oHhat journal ) * re , alas ! n < w entertained inWery direction regarding the potato crop . The potato is not only stunted , but quite black , and some of them not even fit for animal use . The Loughrea market , on Thursday last ,, was moderately supplied with pro * visions . New potatoes , which went dt sixpence in the morning , were sold for 4 } d . in the evening ; the old potatoes also fell as low as 4 d . and A \ , Oatmeal from Ids , to 14 a . per cwfc . This reduction in price is owing to this awful disease in the' potato , for many of the country people have told me that they must now die them out and dispose of such as they may

      find ; to ; be " of ^ any use . Accounts which reach'us every-hour ( says the- Wexford Independent ) put the general failure of the potato crop beyond question . Where no disease was apparanfc a few days ago ; all are now "black . " The renewed calamity is every where . In addition to this , the oat crop has undergone a blight , in consequence of which it is " light , " and must fall far short of the produce anticipated . We regret to say ( says the Sligo Journal ) that the most deplorable accounts of the blight in the potato crop are daily heard in this county , and it is melancholy to think that the fearful ravages are not

      limited to one locality , but have spread their baneful effects far and wide over the United Kingdom , and also to other countries : but to the almost pauper cottiers and peasantry of Ireland the convenience attendant on so sweeping a loss will be incalculablethey invariably considered the potato " their own crop , " meaning thereby that the grain was the landlord's . : The reports uf the state of the potato crop are becoming more and more alarming ( says the Ty raneConttitutien ] , This district of the north was but partially visited by the disease last year , but this season not a plot of potatoes , in field or garden , nor of any variety , either of the late or early crops , but are now more or less affected .

      THE REPEALERS . .. . . The organ of Young Ireland , in its number of the 8 th inat ., has two articles in defence of itself ; one in answer to the Bishop , denying that it ever advocated irreligion in any shape whatever ; aud the other to Mr . O'Couuell , in refutation of the charge of being " treacherous to the repeal . " In the latter of these pleadings . they say— "For our opposition to the Whig alliance ; for our refusal to trust those moon * shine promises , and in consideration of them to be the slaves content of English rule—we are arraigned as treacherous to repeal . The question need hardly be tried ; ' twill try itself in its own fashion shortl y , and the sternest advocate of our innocence will be the man who arraigned us , and prove we acted right . "

      MBETIXO OF THE CLKKQr OF THE ARCH DIOCESE OF CASHEL AKD EMLY . On Thursday , pursuant to a requisition , a numerous meeting of the clergy of the Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly was held at Mrs . Ryall ' s Hotel , convened for the purpose " of taking into consideration the present state of politics in Conciliation Hall , Dublin , and to record our thorough and entire confidence in our tried and trusted leader , O'Connell . " There were about fifty clergymen present , all of whom expressed the most unbounded confidence in C'Connell . Letters to the same effect were read from about twenty othera .

      The Venerable Archdeacon LAFJFANsaid , gentlemen , the proposing the first resolution has been confided to my charge . —( Hear , hear . ) It is a resolution of counuence in the Liberator . And as I don't intend to detain you by making a speech , or to prolong the time of the meeting by entering into a discussion on tlie matters for which we are assembled , I shall merely take leave to hand in , as a mark of gratitude to the Liberator , our political director —( loud cheers ) —the sum of eight and twenty pounds , which I received from my brethren of the west of this diocese at the conference which was yesterday held in Tipperavy . Gentlemen , in proposing this vote of confidence in O'Connell , it would not be our duty as Catholics and priests to enter into any discussion here with regard to the recent proceeding in Conciliation Hall . We appreciate , confide in , and take as our rule the moral force doctrine of O'Connell only

      fcr the attainment of Ireland ' s freedom —( ckeers)—while we , one and all , repudiate , condemn , and reject with , all our hearts , alt the loul attempts to have physical force brought into action . —( Hear and cheers . ) The Venerable Archdeacon then read the resolution . Subscriptions to the association were tlien handed in , and which the Rev . John Ryan , one of the secretaries , announced to amount to £ 60 . ( Vehement cheering . ) Circulars were forthwith addressad to the reverend gentlemen who were not present , and the [ subscription list was expected to amount to £ 100 , which is to be immediately sent forward to the Association as the substantial mark of approval of O'Connell ' s policy , from the clergy of the archdiocese of Caahel and Emly . After the meeting the clergy above named dined together at Ryall ' s hotel . The entertainment was of the best description , and excellent wines flowed freely . The Venerable Archdeacon Laffan presided .

      DUBLIN , Aug . 10 . Conciliation Hall was rather thinly attended today , and presented a great contrast in its quietude to the bustle and fermentation of last week . " Young Ireland" was nowhere to be seen ; the "Liberator" sat alone , or nearly so , and perfectly the monarch of all he surveyed . At one o ' clock ho calfed upon Counsellor J . C . Fitzpatrick to take the chair . Mr . O'Connell moved that it be referred to the committee to prepare a petition against the Arms Bill , which he regretted to see waa proposed to be re-enacted . Counsellor O ' Dowd seconded the motion , wkich was passed .

      Mr . O'Counell then refened to the conduct of the Orangemen in walking on the 12 th of July with arms , and condemned the Catholics in the north in imitating the bail example . Mi . O'Cownell then read a letter i ' ruin the honourable Cecil Lawless , enclosing £ 0 ., as his subscription , and requesting that he be admitted a member of the Repeal Association . lie attributed his conversion to Mr . O'Connell's letter to him , and to the proceedings of last Monday . Mr . O'Connell expressed the great pleasure lie felt at Mr . Lawless joining the ranks of Old Ireland , and spoke in high terms of his father . Lord Concluny .

      Mr . Steele handed in £ i \ . from Doctor Coen , Roman Catholic Bishop of Clonfort , and his clergy . The letter strongly cohdemed the conduct of those who opposed Mr . O ' Connell ' s policy . The letter was ordered to be entered on the minutes , and the

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      TOrn ^ trtBanks ' ofJthe ^ ss Ociation ; tendered to ' the Mr . * Steele ' read a letterfrom Clones , ^ n th e county of Monaghan , expressive of the confidence of the Catholic clergy of tioe ^ istrict , jjndh of 60 , 000 men , in Mr . O ' Connell , and in repudiation of the ddctrinesof ¦ Sbung lreland : ' ^ , ; :.. ' ., ¦ .. 1 . Mr . O'Connell said , tbifc ; while he thus bad the Catholic clergy arid : the ' people with . them , there , was no fear that , by adhering to bis , moral force nphcyj they would , at no distant day ; succeedin . bringing ¦

      fiarua tucut / mi \ junegG uTceu . iuo iguiim ** o . * " > man next read a letter from the ; parish priest of Clonrae ) , enclosing £ 20 . ; expressing his confidence inhiralMr . O / Connell . ) . . , " r . Mr . John O'Cohuell read a letter from 8 ome ; Repealers in Manchester , at the head of whom was Mr . Patrick ; Dnggin , cordially concurring with tho Liberator" in his peace policy . ; Mr . John O'Connel ) , in a long and uninteresting speech , moved that the committee of the association be instructed , to prepare various documents to be circulated amongst members of Parliament , preparatory to his father ' s motion for Repeal in the next ¦¦

      session . , ; . : great deal of time waa occupied this day with the reading of letters , and Mr . O'Connell did riot commence his speech of the day until after three o ' clock . ¦'• ¦ ¦' . ii : : ' ¦¦ ¦¦ ¦ ' ¦[ ¦ . "'¦ -. ¦ ' ¦' ¦ ¦ •¦ Mr . O'Comikll , observing that it was now too late for * long speech , then proclaimed the nature of hii views in pursuing repeal , and his hope that the pebple of England would at length do them justice . The greater part ofthis address was literally a repetition of the " one speech" which has done duty at meetings past counting . He disclaimed all wish to have the Roman Catholic clergy made pensioners of the State . The Government should not be allowed to establish the Roman , Catholic church by -law in Ireland . The priests should never become the ' bribed

      servants and minions of the Minister . ; They did desire , however , that the national system of education , the provincial Colleges and Bequest Acts , should be altered so as to . meet the views of the . Catholic Bishops universally . They . required also Roman Catholic chapels to be built for the use of paupers in the workhouses . With respect to the Established Protestant church ; they sought to haveit taken out of its present anomalous position ; but they would pay every respect to vested' rights .:- The Learned Gentleman then went through his well-known catk log ' ue of . Irish wants- ^ comp ^ sihg extension of franchise and municipal powers—additional members for Ireland—tenant-rig ht—tax on absentee ' s , and the abolition of grand jury taxation and jobbing : . Mr . O'CoNWKHi read the . following report , referring tp the JVcitwn newspaper , " and moved its adoption : — ; ,

      i . The general committee to which it was referred to consider and report " whether , there be , any » uch connexion between the association and the ' Nation' newspaper , as may require a severance of that connexion , " be fj leave respectfully to state to the ai » oe ! ali 6 ! l!—1 .. . That . it is a standing rule of the association that any person or per &on » contributisg a sum of £ 10 : to the Kepeal rent , and transmitting-the same to the funds of the association , have a right to have the sum . of £ 1 6 s out of the said sum of £ 10 allocated for the purpose of having a Dublin newspnper , received by the party or parties so subscribing until that gum is exhausted . ¦ 2 , That the selection of the newspaper . to be . so received by such suoscribing party or parties is left to the parties themselves , provided tuch paper ( hall report the proceedings of the association .

      3 . . Thai the newsp&pera hitherto selected have betn the following— ' The Weekly Freeman ' s Journal , ' The Weekly Register , '' Thel Three Day Pretman , ' 'The Three Day Pilot , ' . 'The Nation , ' and 'The Irish Ad .-VOCfltS . ' . . ¦' .. ¦' :: . ¦ . ' t .: That , the parties 10 selecting newspapers sve bound to certify to the association that every individual subscriber to ths sum above mentioned , shall have free Access at all times to read the papers 10 selected .. . 5 . That we are distinctly of opinion that considering the highly illegal and unjust declsioa made by three judges in the Court of Queen ' s Bench in the late state progeeutisns , by whloh they admitted in evidence the contents of newip&peri with which most of the traverse ™ had no connexion wha tsoever but on tha ' contoary many of . whom ; repudiated such contents , it is our bounden dHty not to leave it in the power of any other tribunal to make a similar or perhaps more unjustifiable decision .

      And therefore we are unanimously of opinion that the association should totally severe itself , from any imaginable responsibility on account of or connexion with the contents Of newspapers so selected and received as aforesaid . ' . ; 6 . That the association should most emphatically disclaim any species of responsibility for the contents of any newspapers 10 received or sent , as aforesaid . 7 . That there are passages in the 'Nation' newspaper which render it necessary for the safety of the association from prosecution or indictment , not to permit any subscribers to the repeal rent in future to allocate any portion of their subscriptions to payment for the ' Nation * newspaper . 8 . That the repeal association is bound , for its own perfect sufety to declare that it cannot in future concur in any way In the circulation or sale , direct or indirect , of the'Nation ' newspaper . . Mr . Steels seconded the motion , which waa adopted . The real was then au » ouneed to be £ 335 It . Gd ., and the meeting adjourned .

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      My Dear Sir—May I crave an opportunity of discharging through your liberal columns certain debts with which I have been lately loaded , and at the same time of expressing a few detached thoughts touching the present condition , prospects , and duties of the Repeal Association of Ireland ? A speech which I made at the Kilrush soiree last week has been severely handled b . V two f eyei'Cnd brethren of mine , Mr . Whynne in Conciliation Hall , and Mr . Power in a letter to the Pilot : and also by my worthy neighbour , the editor of the Tipperary Vindicator . I gtand charged by these rigid censors with heresy and schism , murder , arson , and eccentricity , for the sentiments of that speech , yet I hope to make it

      appear without any extraordinary difficulty that those sentiments are not only extremely true and just , but also excessively moderate . For , while I characterised Mr . O ' Connell ' s doctrine of moral force as false and visionary , I left it an open question for the sake of peace and in » spirit of toleration . Now , however , that I am in the mood of argument , I deny that it is ah open question . Mr . O'Connell's doctrine of moral force is based upon these two propositions : —1 st . That the employment of physical force for the attainment of any political right , even to the shedding of a single drop of blood , is criminal ; and secondly , that all political rights are attainable by moral force

      alone . I now assert that although these propositions may be overlooked in a speech as rhetorical flourishes , they are not open , when logically stated , to any one but a fanatic to entertain . To avoid , if possible , preliminary cavilling , 1 must observe that self-defence is exceptcd in the first proposition . The self-defence , however , must be fairly interpreted ; for in the one sense , I agree with Mr . Duffy , of The Nation , tbafc all just wars may be called wars of selfdefence . If , however , the exception of self-defence were understood in this comprehensive sense , then the proposition would amount to a mere quibble , and the whole doctrine of moral force to an egregious humbug .

      Further , to avoid being mistaken , I will plead puilty at once to a shrewd suspicion that the said first proposition , qualified by th ° said exception , is in point of fact a vevy quibble—a hypocritical pretence —a palpable snare—a transparent humbug . I have no faith in the sincerity of Mr . Fteele ' s horror . I do not believe that even Mr . O'Connell avoided in forty three all allusions to physical force in the very sense and meaning which is now so mercilessly persecuted . Indeed , many sensible clergymen would fain persuade me that all the recent proceedings of Conciliation

      Hall _ should be pronounced a farce , and treated accordingly . I cannot , however , agree with them . I shall treat the question respectfully , as though it were a serious one . Only , to avoid being mistaken for a greenhorn , I have confessed my secret suspicion . I assert , then , that the first proposition is falso . No law natural or revealed makes bloodshedding a crime . BlooJshedding was practised by the Jews under the immediate direction of the Almighty . It is still practised , and lawfully , as all Catholic theologians teach in opposition to Quaker fancies , by all Christian g 6 Vornments . The fifth commandment prohibits only unjust bloodshedding . The preservation of human blood in human veins is by no means

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      of' ¦ u' 6 h ' TitalViropori 8 nce : "Itiis ' not the' ultimatt end of our creation . Death , by hunger , bydrop ^ i ay consumption , or by . fever , is just as bad as death . I ? w ° rd '« bullet . - Of the two , I would rather be shot than staryed ' to death , any day of the year . f ^ . J . hundred lives out of a thousand , which must other wise perish within a twelvemonth by wast-¦ injj [ torture could be saved by an appeal to tne God nlnnit 8 l i / P ecc entric ^ enoughVtkinkthatnul « i y w . ° uld ., . e a pinw , though onehiindred lives were sacrificed in th strife , J& j belleW thaVthV broa ot battles would accept the sacrifice . What ; * btsedoctnne is the first proposition ! If all history were , forgotten , and all guidances of authority withdrawn from the reason of man , the very instincts ' of his nature would revoltAgainst it ; and they would suffice to disprove it ; for the diviner instincts are from God , and none are more divine than love ofjustiee and of country . '

      But all history is not forgotten , and all authority ia not withdrawn ; and where , I ask , in all their volumes , may any traces of this new Tangled doctrine be discovered " ? Where is this riupersiitious reference for blood inculcated ? There were soldiers amongst the first believers in Christ , and their faith was none ef the weakest . Christian so ldiers crowded the . legions of Rome immediately , and cohorts of martyrs received ' their crown without having repented ;[ or beinjr asked to repent , of their blood / profession . Was their p hysical force never employed in self-defence ? All the generations of the Crwn&erB , whoa * glorious types of all that is mos | glorious in human nature , of its highest romance and deepest devotion , of its chivalry , its self-sacrifice , its stern endurance ,

      lti tender piety , its passionate love—what of these Crusaders ? What of all the popes and their bulb ) , the bishop * and . their indulgences , the hermits * nd their exhortations , the kings and their treasure * , the saints and their ; blessings , the monks and ' their prayers ? Or , does the exception of self-defence ! suffice to cover all the nations and generations that staked their hopes of earth and heaven on that my » . tenous strife ! . What an impious doctrine is this first proposition ?^ -one drop of Wood!—one fiddlestick' ¦ . ' '¦' ¦; . ¦ " ' - "¦ ' ¦ ' ¦"• ' , ¦ ' " . ¦ ¦ - ¦¦ ¦ ;' . ' ' ; But why pursue this subject farther ? Mr . Power , of Kilrosenty , after an effusion of extremely nauseous astonishment ^ at ^ iny wickedness ; ( was not this Mr . Power involved , some w ; ay or other , in the monster'prosecution ?) condescends to tell me that I liibout

      under * mistake , and to " add " another' qualificatipn , besides ihe aelf-defence to this opinion oi'Mr . O'Connell ' s ; Mr . O'Connell , he says , does not mean that in times past every drop of bloodshed reckoned for a crime ; but onl y that henceforth such shall be the c ^ ae ^ If I comrailian errer of a ' year or two , I hope Mr . Power will forgive me , for really I handled the Pilot , to read his letter , very reluctantly , and threw the filthy thing away as fast as I could ; go that I Aoaob aoir remember whether the sin was to commence only from the time of his writing , or had commenced last year or the year before . Here ; at all events , is a considerable comfort , provided Mr . O'Conuell proclaimed . ' ' himaelf the apostle of . thii new creed , men might be' saved , though theyfell .

      sword in hand , battling with the oppressors of their country . We need have ho misgivings about tha present happiness of the soldier-martyrs or the irarrior-saints of old . . But now that Mr . 'O'Connell hai assumed the office of an apostle , and declared that the moon is made of green cheese—I mistook , but no matter—now , it Is modestly expected that , like tHo simpleton in Moliere , we are to take it for granted , that there are no hearts in our breasts , or at least , that they are no longer where they used to be . "IVbui dvoni change tout ceto . " Go to bed Mr . P ower and brighter dreams to you ! . The first proposition , then , is false to reason and to manhood , injurious to the authority of the Catholic Church , and , if pushed to its legitimate

      consequences , subversive of all government . It derogates from the dignity of the living and the honour of the dead . It is a prostitution open only on the side ot fanaticism . If I ever subscribe to it , I shall purchase , after my subscrJpion , a white bat with a broad brim , and abide with the Brethren for the remnant of my course . ' The second proposition , contained in" and completing ! Mr . O'Connell ' B doctrine of moral force , I believe to be fake and visionary . I could not , therefore subscribe to it ; yet it is a proposition , considered in itself , at which , no one could take offence , for it is but an exaggeration of s lofty hope that has long haunted the hearts of enthusiastic philanthropists . If . indeed , it were sought to deduce from , it the first proposition , then it might become offensive , or even hateful . At all events it is not true . It is a vision . Many seers have seen it since the world began , and many dreamers dreamt it , and yet it is not fact . The simple reason is , that men

      are not pure spirits , and are obliged by a law oi nature to learn their ABC before they can read . What is there in political rights more than in any other rights , that they should be all attainable by nwvalfoice alone ? If a \ l political ¦ tight ? , why not at all rights ? and if all rights , why soldiers , marines , policemen , hangmen , catchpoles ? why locks and bars , and handcuffs ? why jails , and bridewells , and hulks ? If the world is so civilised by the mere promulgation of this new doctrine , how does it happen that in all the countries of the earth so many remnants of the exploded system , so many stiff and quaint appliances of physical force are retained at so much expense for the vindication of right and the correction of injustice ? No—moral force may obtain some rights , personal as well as political , because some men are honest and intelligent ; but it cannot obtain all rights personal or political , because it is the fatal destiny of earth that many men will be always ignorant and ¦

      vicious . ' .,. - I do not , however , believe that in point of factany political rights have been attained during this cen * tury for Ireland by moral force alone ; that is to s&y , by such a moral force as Mr . O'Connell would now preach up . ' The moral force , for instance , which won Emancipation for us . Catholics was not au emasculated moral force , such as this novel theory would give birth to . It was not a mere spiritual phantasm , divested of flesh and blood , and divorced from the substratum of physical energy , so essential Co its vigour , its vitality , and its effect . The moral

      force which won Emancipation was the firmly expressed demand for justice of resolute men ; it waa the overflowing treasure of the Catholic Association , every shilling of which stood for two stout arms and one brave heart . For although in ' 29 or before it , he did not say give us justice or else—yet , at least , the abstract possibility was recognised—nay . th * imminent danger was feared , that those insulted and outraged Catholics , stung by the protracted delay or final denial of justice , might extort at the swora ot pike point more than their pens had dared to solicit . But let a nation now subscribe before band the

      nuicidal doctrine , that in no time , or place or circumstance , shall they ever draw a sword from its sheath , or even a pin from its cushion—when then their opinions might rate at the ragman ' s price of th « dirty paper on which they may have been foolishly inscribed . They might rate , I say , at that p rice , if any government could be so silly as to believe that any na . tion could subscribe sincerely or would respect such a dastard creed . But , notwithstanding these

      preposterous attempts that are making of late to debauch a nation ' s character for honour and truth , moral force will still always operate , within the limits of its power , for good ; because , in spite of falsi creeds and hypocritical subscriptions thereto , it is tlie privilege of the oppressed that they sometimes may ( all divines save Quaker divines warrant the morality , ) and it is a law of nature that they often will ( all historians warrant the fact ) abandon tho logic of the pen for the keener logic of the sabre .

      Doubtless , by this time , poor Mr . Wynne is terribly horrified , and suspects me to be an ogre in disguise . But , indeed , my dear m , you need not be afraid . I am as innocent as Bottom , the weaver , for all my roaring . Only for the sake of seeming pretematurally gentle one should not belie the reason and the spirit wherewithal a beneficent God hag inspired him . You must , however , promise me one thing , or I shall threaten , perhaps , to bite you in earnest . When you go into Conciliation Hall , tlon ' t imagine that you hare the sense of all the country in your pocket-book . Reflect that there are many , many clergymen in Ireland besioVs the ten you know . Rude fellows , to be sure—many of them in Cork county , and wild fellows in Tipperary , and

      vulgar enough in Limerick , yet who- ^ -but enough ; You made , however , an argument which it may be only courtesy to notice , as it is , after all , better than the Kilrosenty sample . You aay it ia because of the present constitution of the world—namely , the spread of enlightenment , &o ., that all sensible men have agreed , &c . Ah , my dear sir , if the rest of the world , or even of Ireland , only partook of your city polish , or if the rest of your fellow-creatures , or even of your brother priests , could onl y creep into your sense , how easily physical force might be forced as physic upon the canine race , and how pleasantlywe might simper through life , if even simpering did not tronch too much upon muscular exertion ! But these are exquisite dreams . I wish you , my dear Mr . Wynne , a thousand years to improve yourself . In 18 i 4 , after O'Connell ' s imprisonment , I had a resolution submitted to the Committee of the Repeal

      Association for their advice , as to whether it or some other similar one might be adopted with advantage to the country . They answered in the negative , and I submitted to their decision . Here is nothing , I should hope , that an honest man need hang hjg head for . Tho Tippcrary Vindicator , however , seema to think otherwise ; and after misquoting the resolution , in an absolute form , asks me how I feel now upon this subject , and makes an insinuation about changes , which has no merit that I can see but ite latinity . The whole passage is a specimen of the silly small talk of such people . The fact is , I think now upon that subject as I did then—that is tosay , very doubtfully as to whether the ^^ M ^ Jteg , ^ was equal to that great emergency . J 8 w : PgS * w thia mighty matter , 1 have to OBs . er % ^ &S >^< cator , that in my deliberate pP ^ TO ^^ fS ^ .. c ^ V such unprincipled papers aa it anoii ^ n . { gf , ys , ^ Kj |^ \ political point of view , thegreafc ^ fflsfoWui ielKw . m ^ wretched country has to sufier W ^ feNStisffijNt ^ W rap y $ ^ i 0 % f * h % ; ^ 3 < i Vr ?' C A . ! ^ X : : ^ J

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      . PHYSICAL AND MORAL FORCE . TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIMERICK REPORTER , If , in a short time afterwards , I should be accosted by the same person , with complaints ; of public grievances , end sbsuld be consulted whether it were lawful to revolt , or Justifiable to join in an attempt to shake off the yoke by open resistance , I should certainly consider myself as having a case and question before me ver ; different from the former . I should now define and discriminate . I should reply , that if public expediency be the foundation , it it alto the measure , of civil obedience ; that the obligation of subjects and sovereign * is reciprocal ; that the duty of allegiance , whether it bt founded in utility or compact , is neither unlimited nor unconditional ; that peace may be purchased too dearly :

      that patience becomes culpable pusillanimity when it serves only to encourage our rulers to increase the weight of our burden , or to bind it the faster ; that the submission which surrenders the liberty of a nation and entails slavery upon future generations , is enjoined by no law of rational morality ; finally I should instruct the inquirer to compare the peril and expense of his enterprise with the effect it was expected to produce , and to make choice of the alternative by which , not his own present relief or profit , but the whole permanent interest of the state was , likely to be best promoted . — Paley's Moral Philosophy , look 6 , ch . i . Queres 3 . Au Christianis licitum sit bellum ? R , Bellum ease Chriotianis licitum , modo certs conditione 6 adsint . —Bailly's Tractate of the Decalogue , ch . 5 , prop . 4 .

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      Tr- 'f M ^ cr-r ; o ^ . . " ¦ ' ¦ ' " ' ¦ ¦' ^¦ ¦ - ^ ~^ ¦ . a . LTS nh ^ Wfn ^ n aii t . ¦ ¦ ¦ % ~ : August ^ . , I 84 d . -= -.. . . v . ..- » =. --3- ;^ . ,, - fi * 1 ^' : Z : ~~ r ~"" , /'"'' '' V ^ J 'T ~™^

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 15, 1846, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1379/page/7/