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Northern Star (1837-1852), 25th July 1846, Edition 1 of 3, Page 7

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      " a And x *" U war ' at leastm ward 8 » ..-a— should my cluract « o happen—deeds , ) ffitnaH wIlt > w ^^ Thought !" , i , inV 15 »» r a litUe bipd » lrh 0 sin » p » pfc & . raad b * " ^ W fte longer . "—B ™*

      REVELATIONS OF RUSSIA . * so . in . Durin g fte last few weeks , paragraphs , repeated in ariety of ways , hare been going the round of the r »] ish " press setting forth that the Autocrat , had on v' « rec ent Tisit to Warsaw , publicly declared his inj jntion of emancipating the Polish peasantry . whether Nicholas intends anything of the sort or -i there can be no misunderstanding the object ntended to be served bj putting forth this rumour * That object is to divert the attention of western jatope from the cruel persecutions now going on in rt , e" kingdom of Poland . " Hundreds , if notthouanis , of unfortunate Poles are now suffering the

      Vnoutan 4 other tortures , perishing in Russian dungeons , or worse still , driven before Cossack whips to Si beria ; in the midst of these horrors , the above jamour is industriously circulated for the purpose of assuring Western Europe of the humane and excelle nt intentions of the tyrant . That Nicholas will really emancipate the Polish peasants , we 4 o not believe ; but should he really do jj , it is perfectly easy to divine his motives . Be has Jtitherto thrown every obstacle in the way of the Polish proprietors emancipating their serf 3 , he did gore , he re-established serfdom after it had ceased for several years to exist in the Grand Dncby of Warsaw . Shonld he now emancipate the Polish j peasants , it will be not out of any regard for their welfare , but because he wiJl thereby hope to detach >

      them from the revolutionary projects of the nobles , fl e sees that the Polish nobles have to a great extent discovered that they must free the entire people , if they would be successful in a future struggle . A re-Tolntion " for all , by all , " is now the only ehaneeleft to the Polish aristocracy ; ancTNicHOLAS , aware of { his , may purpose , by a grand stroke of policy , to weaken his enunies , by coming before the Polish masses in the character of their deliverer from slarery- It is possible that by such a politic act he gjght weaken the revolutionary power in Poland for j time—but only for a time—the emancipated peaunt would soon discover that his freedom was only Nomina l . ai > . d that no real freedom could be his until } , e had aided his countrymen in a successful struggle jgainst the Muscovite despotism , and restored Poland toibePole * -

      "While the syec'phant press is exhibiting the Autocrat in tee character of a " Slave emancipator , " it sjay not be useless to enquire into the state of the dares of its country . We have noticed this subject bjfore . in reviewing ' Eastern Europe and the EmpenT Nicholas , " but the repetition will , we dare say . BOtbeobjected to . Let us see , then , the condition of the great body of the Russian people , in the eenratry wherethe Tsar is all powerful , as Emperor , Eotbv coMuest . but by " right divine . "

      THE RCSSliX SEHFS . Jfaysieail ; . ihe monjik lias retained more of the pure Scla vonic than in his manners , customs , ana feelings ; hut iren physically he bears no small traces of his admixture nth the Tnrkand Tartar , beneath whose rulehe groaned K Ions ; the cat-like eye standing downward frein the temples ; the aose , of which the nostrils are almost al-, rajs » o visible : and sometimes not only the dark hair tsS complexion , bat the high cheek-hone , and the regu-Isr Mongolian pliysiognomy . It would appear , however , ssif , on the whole , the Tartar and Mongolian type

      beamerayidl- - ; traced in the vigorous fecundity of the Scla vonic ; acd hence , whilst the European aspect in a frw years predominates , where two-thirds of the blood iras originally Tartar , the character retains all its true pwportioaof Asiatic spirit , though the Asiatic features naj only he occasionally traced in the faces of individual . " Itistfcis admixtnre during centuries of servitude , idiich hns male the difference between the Muscovite anaPolish character , foi the language of these two people still bears as close a resemblance as the dialects of jnsnT of our Hoglish connties to each other .

      As regards personal appearance , the hiaeousness of the women , and the comparative comeliness of the men , lare caused the latter to be considered as handsomeby many travellers . Their dense hair , thick beard andmustacbilS , Whit « weth . and theloose drapery of their semi-MafiDuress , are all apt somewhat to misieaa us ; but « hen we see these men as soldiers , cropped , shaven , and dressed in clothes which shew the % ure , the illusion titttfj vanishes ;« e find the face , that appeared handsane whenh < dden hy tufts of hair , mean and Jnexpresiwe ; the Herculean frames , when stripped ofthesheepaHn * sink in : o disproportioned insignificance , and are always distorts ;* i > v the great protuberance of the stomach , occasioned bv di ? want of nutritious quality in their foon , asd the consequent quantity required .

      The most conclusive evidence on the subject of the perlaaal appearance of the Russians , is to be derived , in St . Petersburg , Swathe examination of the imperial guardiselectinn&om stay millions . There are many thoumds of men all up to the six-foot standard , and yet it mold actual ! v be difficutt . when stripped of their pad-&ng , to find twenty men in a whole division equal to the 1 st promiscuous twenty in Queen Tictoria ' s first or set 9 na life-guards , or Bluet .. The moojik inhabits a log-house , which he builds Kith his own axe . with which he is marvellously dexteroi !; the interstices he s * uus ; with moss ; sndhe cuts down and planes , to a surprising smoothness , with the saire

      instrument . » ? * * The B . u 33 um stove is a vast stack of hriclts , with a taall own , asd Intersected with fines ; the oven is filled nith wood or iazgots . ana directly the carbonic acid has escaped from the fnel , the chimney and the iren door oftheoven sie closed , and the p lace is Wteafor tbe next four and twenty hours . Thelwicks , amaterialvcry iloiv in conducting heat , take several hoars to heat ttroush , after which they keep partinj gradually and equably With Xhe caloiic they haveabsorbed , for the ntxi lis and thirty hours .

      The moujik . like all classes « f Russians . isinordinatelj fond Of a vapour bath , and learns to endure a temper atare of steam approaching to 200 degrees Fahrenheit . When his bodv is thoroughly heated , it is generally known tbai he rolls in the snow , or plunges in ice-cold water . A * eight , the drornlks , or porters , iu St . PelWSterghand Moscow , in a cold of twenty-five degrees Reamar , the intensity of which freezes alchol , and converts into hail-stones boiling water thrown into the air , come cat barefooted and covered only by a cotton shirt and linen trousers , to set in the carriages of their masters . The mouj . k 3 are often seen snoring , dead drunk , in the snow , in the se \ -rost weather .

      From facts liki these , which arrest the observation of wary traveller , it is not surprising that an idea should have been isnmVd , that extraordinary i ower of enduring cold characterised the Russian people ; but on closer cxsaonation , wefiud precisely the reverse to be the case . The most delicate English or southern child , when heated in the vapour of the Russian bath , ctamotfecl the coldness of snow cr ice . The paiis of iced water thrown on the htther , f « l merely tepW , The simple immersion in tie coldest water does not even produce a shudder , whilst the body has so great an excedentof ealoric to part with ; to remain in it when the humau temperature U reduced hejona a certain point , which the Russians never do . aig htprovedangerous oreven *« & . who sleeping in the

      The d'uaken mouj ks are seen snow , having always rapidl . v drunk a Jaisequanttty of araenlspirits the body isin ahigh state of temporary fever . Their shee pskins prevent the rapid escape of the heat thus generated : but when this eaases , the man wakes and seeks the instantaneous shelter of a human habitation . In an intense cold , a few minutes only elapse between feeling chilly , and the stagnation of the blood ; no two evil . - can well be more different than to he frozen or to he perished . When the moujik is not within reach of ahnman habitation , or wherehe has not sufficiently re-© 5 veredhis instinct before parting with the animal heat , hs freezes to death . Thousands of peasants die in this way every winter in the Russian dominions . ¦¦*

      The moujik grows wheat and . rears cattle , of which the rapacity of his master , during fonr centuries , has almost allotted him to forget the taste ; he lives almost en-* Jr « ly < ra rye , fermented cabbage , and a little rank black hemp-seed oiL It is true , there are many other people in Europe whose staple article of food is rye ; it is true , that the potato contains chemically stillless of what arc opposed to be the nutritive portions of food than even rye , audit is true that there are racei almost fed on the potato . But experience shews that root to lie so hnppily afaptefl , as an article of food , to the human constitution , that man evidently thrives hHteT reauced to the potato , than to the rye ..

      Bat the singularly perverted iaste of the Muscovite peo-P * e induces them to re duce , before they consume it , a torje part of the nutrinwnt which even rye grain contains . They ferment their bread io the third or acetous d ?? ttre : the black bread of Kusiia , unlike that of all other countries , is hitter and sour , and as nauseous in the mouth »« alanx- The starch and sugar of ill e grain is so lost by this process , that it contains far less nourishment that even the rye-bread of the extreme north , when scarcity obliges the inhabitants to mix with the grain onf-half of the sweettender bark of the pine tree .

      Probably the peculiar acidity of this bread and of the fermented cabbage , obliges the moujik to eat large quan tities of salt . The biscuit ofRu . snan men-of-war ' s men *• arusk made of this bread ; they may be seen « oak-» g it in the nea-water . The weak quality of their food requires them to consume it In ' immense quanUtws j its

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      acidity seems to require much salt , And the joint salt and acid taken into the stomach evidently render necessary a proportionate amount of liquid to wash it down . Thi * liquid is taken in the shape of qua * # , or water discoloured , and rendered slightly acid , by this bread , or by fermented rye , or else of hot water catted tea . This wretched diet is the food of the purely Muscovite race—the great body of the Russian people . The Tartars and Cossacs , inhabiting the steppes , where animal food is less valuable than the produce of agriculture , live principally upon flesh . acidity seems to renuire much salt , and the joint salt

      The moujik is deeply tinctured with veneration and superstition ; he is patient , cunning , eager of gain , dishonest in obtaining it , and jet generous . He firml y believes that St . Alexander JTevsky ( a very prudent and truly Russian saint , ) floated down the river Neva upon a mill-stone : he never enters an apartment withont cross , ing himself before the gaudily-framed picture of the titular saint ; he is wonderfully scrupulous that the oil burned in the small antique lamp suspended before it on all holidays , should be the pure oil of the olive , as the dignity of his celestial patron requires ; and when he has risen to the rank which the ambition of everv

      peasant covets—that of meschinine , or licensed to trade^—he swears lustily by him , to attest the honour of a fraudulent bargain , and inwardly endeavours to make Heaven a participator ofhJs deceit , l » y promising the saint b percentage ou the gain , to be app lied to the adornment of his shrine . And where is the marvel ! He knows that he can bribe the powerful baron , his master ; that his master again bribes some one , before whom he trembles ; that his master's master bribes a still more potent superior ; and analog ic reasoning will not permit him to doubt , that as the minister is bribed , so the minister bribes the emperor , and so the saint may m the end bribe God Almighty .

      One strikingfeature in the character of the Moujick is , the rooted distaste he shows for all agricul tural employment , and his natural love and aptitude for trade . The Moujiks are generous and hospitable , and a great deal of the drunkenness chargeable to them is . what our author calls " a loving drunkenness . " In compensation for many evils , nature has bestowed upon the peasant a mirthful and contented disposition ; naturally , he Js as little cruel as he is warlike or courageous , jet he can be . and often is , excited by nnendurable wrongs to most sanguinary retaliations upon his oppressors . First , as regards the oppression he suffers under , our author says : —

      Practically , the slave is , iu Russia , as completely at his master ' s ' mercy as onyl slave has ever been at any period . He can sell him . he can strip him of his property , he can separate families for ever , he can torture him to aeaib . It is true that he must evade the law to do aH these things ; but this evasion entaUs not even a risk , but merely an additional formality . It is true , an nkase forbids , under severe penalties , the sale Of any slave without the land to which , from protective motives , it attaches him ; but the owner may let out slaves , on a ninety years'lease , to work in the mines of Siberia . He may have two estates a thousand miles distant ; he may 6 rd « r the mother to leave the child at her breast on * one , and proceed to settle on the other . The law does not give him the direct right of

      seizin' his slave ' s property , but he has a thousand ways of extorting it , which he may employ , without the necessity of even evading the law , since the law gives him absolute disposal over his serfs time and labour . The author has seen a nobleman amuie himself by making his slaves stand for hours on one leg . It is generally known that some of the wealthiest men the larger number of the first guild merchants , whose wotd is good for a hundred thousand pounds on the Exchange . a * St . Petersburg , and who are possessed of that sum , er still more considerable property—are mostly slaves . Ifow , the proprietor of these men can to-morrow order them into his scullery or kitchen , or send them , as swineherds or miners , to their village ; so he eantbeirchildren , broUEhl up in all the refinements of luxury . The law does not allow him to strike a slave , unless he be a certain number of miles removed from a

      police station ; he may then inflict any amount of corporal punishment , provided the slave does not die within three days of it But if he dies upnn the spot , —as no accusation of a slave can be received against his master , although surrounded by the whole village , witnesses to the execution , there is no means of legally convicting the cruel lord . On the other hand , if there be a police station within a given distance , the master can at any time send his male or female slaves to be teaten with rods . The slave is allowed to make no defence ; it is not even discretionary with the low police official not to inflict the punishment ; he can only limit the amount of it ; and as his real salary is derived from the annual present of the master , the latter always finds it necessary to order moderation instead of enjoining severity . The slave may be sent back as often as the master chooses . If he die on the spot , there is no

      responsibility for any party . The patience of these unhappy creatures has bounds , and once these bounds are passed , then al ibe wrongs that have blighted their existence , geem to crowd into their present thoughts , and the ferocity of their despair has nothing wherewith one can

      compare it . When the peasants of an estite , or of a certain district , have been writhing beneath an oppression which the author will not venture to describe , hut of jrtrich , before fiuifhing these volumes , the reader may form some faint idea , some fresh insult or injury , inflicted when the measure of their patience is full , causes it to brim over , and then is enacted , in deeply exaggerated colours , those sanguinary scenes of the feudal days cf France , when serfs arose against their lords -nith the sole view of taking one deep draught of revenge , and then seeking reftige in the grave from the intolerable ills of life . The unknown Siberia , with iU dimly pictured horrors , ceases at last to hare any terrors for the serf ,

      when he contrasts it with his situation . "The worst that can happen is , that a few hundred should perish under the knont , the rest of the villagebe transported to Asia . That worst is better than his present condition . " With this reflection begins the bloody saturnalia ; the proprietor , the overseers , and the agents of their tyranny , together with their wives and children , old or pregnant women , and young tender girls , raised in an artificial atmosphere , like exotics , to premature womaijhooa , — all are made to perish in tortures which WOUld often shame the ingenuity of the Red Indian . The torch is next applied to the dwellings of the lord and his agents , perhaps to the whole village , and the drunken wretches who have plundered it perish in the flames , and drop from the falling beams like scorched flies .

      These insurrections have never any political origin ; they have no connexion ; they are not even inspired by a hope ; they are equally isolates in their rise and their suppression . "When such an insurrection has been put down , the ringleaders kuouted to death , and a few villages transplanted to Siberia , the whole affair dies away . It may have been known in the immediate neighbourhood ; it is known to the immediate relatives and fritnds of the murdered proprietors ; but it never spreads beyond this narrow circ"e , and is a subject on which no one cares to dwell . The pn-ss , which , even when inevitable accidents occur , is the last to circulate the public rumour , and theu only does so to extenuate their extent , of ceurse never alludes to these gloomy events . It is not allowed in the Ru sian dominions to publish even the commonest advertisement in a newspaper , without previously obtaining the authorization of the censorship .

      "Within the space of about three mon-hs from each other , the author became immediately acquainted with the two following instances among the purely Muscovite population : —A young oflicer received by letter , while he was present , an account from his father of the utter devastation of their estate , with its usual accompaniments of incendiarism and bloodshed . In this case , the insurrection had spread over a considerable tract of country , vel he neverheara it alluded to in the capital except bj another sufferer , a neighbour , and friend of the first . The next instance , of which it will be as well to ahridge the very honiWe details , the author learned from the brother of the land steward of the estate on which it took place . He had himself seen this man depart with his wife from his brother ' s some months previously , to take charge of ac estate said to be small and in wretched condition . To judge from his

      conversation , it was evident that he would be no very merciful master . He observed , ' that there was no village so poor that something might not be aqueeeed from it . " The wife teemed rather mi n eager than the husband . The au thor saw him start in his kibitka , in which , awongst other things , he embarked a large violoncello , an instrument on which he professed himself an accomplished performer . A few months after , husband and wife had I > oth been murdered in a rising of the slaves . The brother , in narrating it , spoke of them as the mildest of human beings , and considered the conduct of the serfs a * utterly unprovoked ; but howcvtr that might be . nothing could well exceed the ferocity to which they had been roused . The old woman was scalded to death in a hot cauldron , the steward torturea to death , and his intestines , in derision , twisted into strings for his favourite violoncello .

      The above description of the Russian peasantry , does not apply to ihe inhabitants of Little Russia , or to the Cossac 3 . But we have before shown , that the Little Russians , or Ruthenians , are rot Muscovites , but more Poles than Russians ; with the former of whom they were once united . And , as regards the Cossacs , these yet enjoy a state of savage freedomfree , as compared with the Muscovites . It is these two races that form the real military strength of the Russian empire . But we have before shown , that "Polish ideas" are gaining ground amoDgst the Ruthenians , who , in their turn , are very likely to " mnoculate the Cossacs ; in which case , the Muscovite empire will be shaken to Its centre .

      The quotations abovegiven illustrate the condition of the private serfs , the main distinction between these and the crown serfs is , that while the former are ex-, osed to the rapacity and tyranny ot their lord or his land steward , the latter are exposed to the rapacity and cruelty of innumerable agenta to whom ia

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      delegated the authority of the emperor . Nicholas , the promised deliverer of the Polish peasaatry , is himself the greatest slaveholder in the world . He is the possessor of upwards of twenty millions of serfs , or nearly as many as all his nobles put together . These serfs of the emperor stand in precisely the same relation to liim as the private serfs to their own proprietors , and this of course is quite independent of their relation as subjects , in which sense they only share with the highest in the land the degradation of being the absolute slaves of his will . rieioEraforl f im nntimritv nf tha Am » AMAM at : « i ^(« ,.

      If Nicholas desires to be an emancipator of serfs , why does he not begin his philanthropic (?) experiments upon his own wretched slaves ? Wh y does not this imperial incarnation of hypocrisy—this signer of anti-slave trade treaties , this subscribe ? to Bible Soc eties , liberate his own miserable serfs ? We have shown what is the condition and character of these degraded millions , kept in barbarism and rendered brutal by the system of whicb Nicholas h the head , and which he could abolish at once , at least as

      regards his own serfs—more than twenty millions Men of England , listen not to Hie lying rumours of the press ; this Muscovite Moloch is tfae unchanging and unchangeable enemy- of human liberty ; his power is a blight and a curse upon millions of human beings , and must be got rid of . There is no real emancipation for any portion of the people of Poland but through the annihilation of Muscovite rule in tliat country . The Poles must emancipate themselves , and will do so , provided you do not aid their

      oppressor by that criminal apathy which has existed too long , but which we trust will soon give place tc—Acnov ! • . . .

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      " ^ TO THE ELECTORS OF FRANCE . = THR ADDRESS OF " THE DEMOCRATIC COMMITTEE ( ASSEMBLING is I 0 ND 0 N ) FOR POLAND'S REGENERATION . " . Citizens , —On the 1 st of August next , you will be called upon to exercise the privilege confided to you by the institution * of your country , that of electing thost to whom will be entmsted the poxver of making laws for thirty-sue millions of the French nation ; and who will have it in their power to greatly influence , for good or for evil , the fortunes of not only the people of France , but also the people of every nation in Europe .

      Although believers in that sublimi truth which France flret proclaimed— "The Fraternity of Nations . " we nevertheless believe tnat each nation is t ? ie best judge ot it « own internal affairs , and the best fitted to legislate for Its own moral and material wants ; but there are quegtions , not French merely , but European , which , whilo claiming the attention of France , must also interest us . such a question ia that of " Poland ' s Regeneration . " It concerns not Poland only , but you and us , and the man of all countries , because all are interested in upholding civilization , and malntaininB liberty against tht > encroachments of barbarism and the assaults of tyranny .

      It is certainly not necessary for Englishmen to presume to inform Frenchmen of the history of Polish wrongs . The great fact is known to every son and daughter of France , that Poland , anation to whom Europe is eternally indebted for the most signal services to humanity and civilisation , has been for the last seventy years the ceasele si prey of the crueland rapacious despotisms of Russia , Austria ] and Prussia ; that the most sacred rights of the Polish people—their nationality , language , religion , laws , and domestic usages have been rudely torn from them :

      that during the whole of this period the Polish people have without ceaiing continued to proteit against the grievous wrongs of which they have been , and are , the victims ; and Siberia , the dung eon , the scunbld , and the battle field , have witnessed the sufferings and heroism , not of a few , hut of thousands nnd teni of thousands composed of both sexes , and all ages and conditions , in defence of their sacred rights , and that even at this moment Poland is bleeding at every pore , the result of another r truggle—6 u ( not the last—forthe recovery of Aat freedom of which she has been solosg despoiled .

      Every Frenchman i » also well aware that the Pole * have peculiar claims upon tha sympathy of his country . You do not need to be reminded of the sacrifices which Poland ' * sons have ever been ready to make in support of the interest * of France ; innumerable battle fields attest the fact ; and you , Citizens , cannot be unmindful , that hut for the heroism of the Poles in 1830 , a second Cossack inarch upon France would have taken place , and the "Revolution of July" would have had to have been defended on thft frontiers , & 8 well as combatted for in the streets of Paris .

      We are aware that at the time we have just spoken of the French nation enthusiastically and spontaneously desired to march to the aid of Poland , hut was held buck by the promises and professions of a pretended liberal Government , who , even at the moment that Warsaw was succumbing , assured the French Army and the National Guat-a that the Polei were completely victorious ; and which Government had previously »* onmeu tke Polish Government the succour of French arms , whicb promise wat never fulfilled . When Poland , betrayed by the French statesmen of that time , had again fallen , and wa « writhing under the heel of the Tsar , General Sebastiani . with unblushing effrontery , announced that " order reigned in Warsaw "—at a moment when brave men and unhappy women and children' were Riven np to military execution , and were expiring under the moit infernal torture *!

      That France i « not unRrateful to Poland is proved hy thehospiiality afforded to the Polish exiles , the monies collected on the occasion of the Tecent outbreak , and the penerous sentiments proclaimed bj several of jour public men . But something more is rf quired . Poland needs all the above aid * , and more . The barren vote of your Cham , bers . which annually brings forth—nothing , and the pre . tended protests of an insincere MinUter , are ridiculous rather than effective . These " votes" and "protests " prove those who are parties to them to be either hypocrites or imbeciles . Electors of France ! we desire . to we a body of French R-presentatives , who , mindful that the mission of France is to propagate and protect the principles of liberty will do something more than talk—will act for Poland , insi st that , whatever Administration rules , that Administration fhall act as becora-s the honour of the French nation towards the Polish people .

      We demand for Poland not merely the nominal independence of an inconsiderable portion of that countrj , hut the independence of the whole as it existed previous to the first dismemberment . We demand not fractions of rights for any section of the Poles , but the rights of all Poles as an independent people to establish tlieir own institutions and form their own laws , without the leave orhinderance of any otherpower . We desire these , not merely for the Bake of the Poles , hut for the sake also of the nations whose governments are at thi 3 time the oppressors of Poland , and for the sake of Western Europe gravely interested in re-establishing a harrier against the further encroachments of Asiatic barbarism and retrogressive despotism .

      No language would be too strong to condemn the governmentof Great Britain for its criminal apathy as regards Poland ; hut we are confident that the British people largely participate in our sentiments on this question , and would hail with joy the commencement of that good work on the part of France which Poland has a right to expect , and Europe looks for . Citizens ! we are convinced thut if all Frenchmen pos « essed th « franchises at j . resent confined to a class , not twelve months would pass away without seeing the French Government moving at the head of the French nation en masse for the liberation of Poland .

      At prescut , it H upon you alone , Citizens , that all the responsibility rests ; if therefore , you turn a deaf ear to the appeal we make to you . if you ungenernusly neglect the eause of that heroic people to whom you owe so much , on you will be the responsibility of betraying the interests anil outraging the honour of FrancR . If , on the contrary , you do your duty a > Frenchmen and free citizen . " , how great will be your glory , how well will you deserve and truly have the thanks of the friends of humanity , not only in France and Poland , but also in Great Britain and throughout the civilized world .

      Aceept our salutation . Signed on behalf of the Committee , Ebnest Jones , Chairman . July lGth , 184 C . 6 . Jdlum Habnet , Hon . Sec

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      > «^ H * iv- CAPE OF GOOD HOPS . Death of a Jewish Gentleman leading oxtiie Colonists . — It having been reported that a considerable body of Kaffirs had been seen on the west side of the chain of hillsskirling Graham ' s Town , ftparty of mounted burghers mustered to proceed to the spot , together with a , company of about fifty discharged soldiers on foot , and a liplit field-piece . The mounted force was under the command of Mr . Joshua D . Norden , Field Commandant and Captain of the Yeomanry , who met with his death while nobly heading his men , under the circumstances following : —Before reaching the top of the hill , Mr . Finnaughly , who was acting , in conjunction with Mr . II . Fuller , as guides to the yeomanry , requested that the commandant would allow him four or five men for the purpose of look ' ng into the ravines on the opposite side of the

      ridge , separating the Kareijia kloofs from those which extend up from the Kowie , in hopes of discovering three horses of his which he thought rnicht have strayed in that direction . Thatrequest was granted , with instructions that they should not on any account proceed beyond the sound of rec > 1 or be long absent . Mr . Finnaughty accordingly rode forward , nnd saw at the foot of the slope leading to the farm of Beggelly a horse , but not one ot'hia own . Suspicious , from the position in which the animal stood , by the side of a tangled thicket , that it might have been p laced there as a decoy , he declined descending the hill ; and on returning , perceived as he came in sight of a large ravine , called the Buffalo Kloof , several Kaffirs running along the bush in a crouchin » posture , and taking shelter among a cluster of round projecting rocks , interspersed , -with aloes , and

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      which stretched along t ) le 8 ide of the kloof near ; which the yeomanry in two parties tlifen were . Fin-j naughty , instantly . drew up his horse , and fired both barrels of his un to attract the attention of the yeo : manry . and then wavec | his hat to point out the posi- tion in which the eiiem . v were . Mr . Norden ! immediately ordered his men to advance nnd , I by an impulse ^ of gallantry moved forward to ! where the Kaffirs \ y i « » rabll 8 h i accom . panied by six ,, f i , ; s mon . Dlirin ! , these move . ments he had fired both barrels of his gun . had reloaded , and ordering his men to dismount , had approached to wiihiu a dozen faces of the rooks mentioned , when a ball from a Kaffir , cronchpd behind one of them , and upon which his enn rested . mp . rnpA ! i , . .....

      Jus head , and he fell without uttering a sound . This Kaffir , it is said , paid dearly for his temerity , being instantly shot ; by Mr . Taylor , the surgeon of the corps , and who was in tiirn fired on by twelve or fourteen of the enemy ' s sharpshooters , fortunately without fffeot . Findrog themselves ambuscaded by a superior force , and having lost their fender , the bughcrs were obliged to retire ; but on tire following day they determined on an endeavour to recover the body of tliecommandant , ami a utrrme fore ? moved from the'town under th care of Colonel Jo&nstono . This party consisted "i the Yeomanry Corps , the Sporting Club , Mr . Menrant ' s Hottentot Company , a detachmentof the 50 th r-giment . a considerable number of volunteers , and a three-pomnhr field piece , formingaltogether a rather imposing , though irrccrrFar force .

      They were ali » wed to procenci fo the spot wfgbotit the slightest interruption , and indeed without seeiii" a single Kaffir diirinir the whoTe linn of marck 'Hie body of thedeceased was fonmf within about fifteen pafes of the spot whe-e he < ell , hut in a most shocking mutilatedI state . The ruthless . savage * , not wintent with the death of their enemy , had treated his remains with a degree of hnrbarity and inriicmty which language dare not describe . 'i \ ie manslec ? remains were borne to Graham's Town « n the gun carriage , wrapped in » cloak , the roomful cavalcade returning to town in the same undisturbed manner as they proceeded . The only incident worth namins

      ming an act of such , goodferlijig as to deserve record ; itseemsthatthemen of the 90 ch resiment . being much debilitated by Ions service in a hot climate , and by their recent long ove . rlnnd march from Al » oa Bay , manifested , on reachim : the foot of Wnest ' a Hill , a long and toilsome ascent , exnpssive fatigue . On seeing this , one of the mount ' d civilians propose I that they should relinquish theii h > rses to thnm , and that they , who were bo . much better able to Piidur « fatigue , should march on foot This was most cheerfully agreed to , and in a few miiint . es the whole of the company were mounted on the horses of those who thus voluntarily exchanged places with those in the line of march .

      "On Tuesday , the 33 th of April . " says Jhe Graham ' s Town Journal , "the remains of Field Commandant Norden were consijned to fh

      record in the annals of British warfare , that an individual of the Jewish persuasiot ? fell as the leader of a party fighting in the common defence of the country . " A Rabe Boott for the Kaffirs . —In the attack on Major Gibson ' s escort , p 7 wagpons were left in the hands of the Kaffirs , containing officers' baggage , and all the camp equipage of the officers of the 7 th Dra goon Guards , so that many of them have nothing but the clethes they stand in . One waggon was said to have been laden chiefly with sw ords for the Cape Mounted Rifles . The waggon with the medical supplies was also captured by the enemy in the ford . They rifled it of its contents , carrying ' away a good deal of the physic , and actually eating , as it is positively affirmed , a considerab ' c quantify of blister salve ! A go d deal of laudanum was also taken , and it is said , drunk .

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      ~ - ^—INDIA . FRIGHTFUL ACCIDENT AT LOODIANA . On the afternoon of the 20 th May a fearful storm passed over the station , and during the same the violence of the wind became so tremendous that in less than five minutes the whole of the barracks of her Majesty ' s 50 th Foot , together with tho hospital , were levelled to the ground , burying man , woman , nnd child in the ruins . "It is quite wonderful any of the poor creatures escaped , but the loss of life and the number of wounded is distressing in the extreme . " Of the truth of this remark the following frightful return will afford the most melancholy evidence : — Killed—1 sergeant , 3 corporals , 1 drummer , 45 privates , 14 women , 20 children . Total 81 . Wounded —3 sergeants , 5 corporals . 118 privates , 4 women , 5

      children . Total , 135 . _ Still missing—4 privates . The loss of life in the villages adjoining Londinna is s « id to be very great . The wind blew with terrific violence for a time , and it seemed to concentrate , its violence on the mud or kuchr bick barracks of her Majesty's 50 th regiment . The 6 th company bnrracks first fell a victim to the fury of the element , and within five minutes of its fall every bavr . ieks shaved its fate , the only parts saved of the whole nine buildings were the ends , i . e ., the sergeants' quarters ; they , having some support inside , withstood the storm . It sc' -ros the bamvsks hnvebten built on a new principle . It is urged they were only temporary buildings , run up hastily to shelter the regiment .

      Be it so ; but as they have been standing more than tvro seasons , it ia to be feared that g'wii solid brick barracks would not have been thought of again , though originally designed , had not these been blown down . This is an awful proof of the penny-wise and pound-foolish system . I never witnessed so awful a scene of desolation and death as the burrocks presented this morning . That part of the station looked desolate enough before . The Sikhs having destroyed the rnoFs of several bungalows and one splendid looking hospital , even these filled you with gloom when you looked at them ; but to them you have now to add nine barracks and the recollection that numbers of human beings have perished in the ruins .

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      LOSS OF THE BOMBAY CASTLE BY FIRE . The first alarm of fire was given to the Captain at about a quarter to twelve on the night of the 27 th of May , the ship then lying at anchor oft' Saugor , and upon coming upon deck he found the ship was on fire on the gun deck close to the main hatch , but this , owing to the excellent arrangements of Captain Fraser and his officers , well seconded by the exertions of the crew ( Chinamen and Lascars ) was speedily got under . Shortly alter this it was discovered that the vessel was also cu fire forward close to the chess trees : and the deck was immediately scuttled to allow of water being poured upon the burning part . All exertions were used to subdue the fire , but the Lascars became so alarmed at the progress of the flames that the control exercised by the officers

      was much weakened , thougotthey continued to exert themselves in every manner that could be looked for from British sailors . Seeinij how desperate endeavours to save the ship must prove , as the flames were rushing throuuh the main . hatchway—the captain ordered one of the quarter boats to be launched , and the woninn and children put on board . Thanks to the excellent arrangements which had previously furnished the boats with oars , rudders , Ac , tin ' s wa * done with comparatively little difficulty , and ( he boat safely delivered her freight on board the Ellen , of London , which ¦ was , with several other vessels , anchored near the spot where the Bombay Castle was lying . Almost immediately after the boat had left the vessel the Lascars who were in the fore part of the ship ( communication with the stern being by this time cut off by the flames ) , launched the jollyboat over the bows , but she was almost immediately

      swamped by the rush made to get on board hoi-. Others attempted to get away on spars , and such rafts as individuals on the spur of the moment could frame—and it is to be feared that many if not must of these perished , but the number had not , when 1 left the spot , been ascertained . Signals of distress had been made as soon as the fire forward was discovered , and those of the vessels near at hand who had b » ats ready for the einemency , sent them to aid in br inging off the people . The Cove sen t two boats , and the Duke one , for tlie purpose , and were the means of saving many lives by their exertions . Captain Fraser and some of bis officers remained on board till the dtckwas burning beneath their feet , and quitted the vessel only when everyone time could be removed Jiacl been ( July cared far . It is impossible to say too much of their self devotion and gallantry throughout .

      Mr . Childs , the piht , with lm leadsman , Mr . Smyth , showed themselves as cool , zealous , and energetic as nion could possibly be . Mr . Childs , who left the vessel in the first boat , immediately on reaching the Ellen , callid for a volunteer crew of British sailors , which was instantly furnished from the gallant feilows en ' oard—and returned wiilithem to aid in bringing aw ? y the people from the burning wreck Every hospital ty and attention wna shown to the iiifferers by the vessels which received them . The

      Bombay Castle at 1 a . m ., was one mass of flame , and at a quarter past three the masts fell in sucec-aion over the side , and she drifted from her anchors down upon the Gasparland . Shortly before taking the ground she blew up—the explosion destroying about one-third of the vevel—what remained of her continued to burn till daylight . Nothing lias been saved beyond the clothes which each hurriedly put on when the alarm of fire was given—the ship ' s papers and ; i few instruments which Captain Fraser brought away alone excepUd .

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      ADAM SMITH AKD RICARDO . . . . ( To the , Editor-pjItheHorning Post . ) - ~ ~ Sin , —True , the principle , ot Free Trade has been sanctioned by the legislature , and the friends of tiiat measure would nowi ? ave the question between the advantageousness of the home and the foreign trade to be considered ' i&r finally settled . . Had Mr . Cobden demonstrated the soundness of the principle of Free Trade , there would be some cause of complaint , should the pertinacious opponents of truth still refuse obedience to the voice of wisdom . But , Sir , when it ia proved that Mr . Cobden a belief in the loose doctrines of Free Trade is fonnded on Adam Smith and Ricardo , and when it is demonstrated that those authorities are in direct SkKT ^ ' !? rtf « an < f that neither bare s ^^ - ^ sswaxtt £ sarcfeasaftaar 71

      raeraguat and . "tatelytey wh , ' * has given the verdict ! in favour of Mr . Cobden cannot ! add -authority io > the voice of folly—it cannot give ' the force of truth toibe promulgation of er ? 6 r !' The voice of wisdom may have beew unheededthe power of truth may have been resisted—it is ton much , however , to expect , ovon at the bidding of Sir Robert Peel and the The Ie *< ji « e ; thatl the beat interests of the nation' shall , Svitbant re » nonetrance , be sacrificed at tfte shrine of falsehood : I am oldfashioned . I revere the wisdom of onr foreftihers . I love trutfi . although it begreyhended . I may be obstinate— ' impracticable ; " term my failing what you will . I never can . believe that the- questsran is fina'I disposed 1 of , although , by a delusive trick , it is enveloped in ai mist . 1 will not belreve that wisdom c ; m ally herself with folly—that trntli can shale hands •• irh error .

      Herculean as the task may appeal 1 , it is tho iMj of those win ) believe that the decision of tke legislature nnri l-ifi triumph of The League is founded in error—fir . Hi by irrefragable proof 'to establish that fact ; and next , to propound the trutn to the people . That the mind of the public has been abused in this matter , I think I have demonstrated in my last letter . I might leave the premise * without further proof , until Sir _ Robert Peel and Mr . Cobden hhtfshaken the testimony I have produced . There is , however , one point on which it may be useful how to enlarge .

      I have shown that Mr . Cobden rests his proof of the advantageousness of Free Trade ' on ilie testimony of Adam Smith and Ricardo . lie says they have settled the question—that " they have clearly demonstrated the obvious truth , which no longer admits of doubt to the h » nest inquirer" —and that " therefore all afiempfs at further discussion g / iriuld be sedulously avoided as supererogatory , and calculated onfy to mystify a plain and unem Jrarrassed question . " Now , Sir , I will place in juxta-posH ' ion the

      statements of these two authorities , upon whose testimony Mr . Cobden so entirely relies . Let them solve the question of the " increase of the nation's wealth" by borne or by foreign exchange of the products of our industry . If it is evident that on this point ( the only point in issue ) tiny differ wide as thepoles , then 1 have certainly prove- ' ) that Mr . Cobden is mistaken ; that nil the labours and the triumphs of the League are founded ia errov ; that , in fact , the " ' great and comprehensive measure" isneithermore nor less than a cheat national mistake !

      Hear , then , what Adam Smith and Ricardo say , and while you read bear in mind it is because these two " philosophers" have demonstrated the truth of Free Trade principles that Mr . Cobden disdains to " reason" on the subject . In their hands he is content to leave the question ;—

      ADAM 8 MVM . BICATIDO . "The capital which is " This argument ( thearemployed in purchasing in gument quoted in the oppo . one part of the country , in site column from Adam order to sell in another , the Smitli ) appears to me to be produce of the industry of fallacious ; for though two that country , generally re- capitals , one Portuguese places by every such opera- and one English , lie tuition two distinct capitals ployed , as Dr . Smith supthat had been employed in poses , still a capital will be the agriculture or manufac- employed in the fort-ign furcs of that country , avd trade double of what would thereby enalles them to con . be employed in the home timte that employment . When trade . Suppose that Scotit sends out , from the resi- land employs a capital of

      deuce of the merchant , a one thousand pounds in certain value of commodi- mulring linen , which she ties , it generally brings exchanges for the produce back in return nt least an of a similar capital emequal value of other com- ployed m making silks in modifies . When both are England : two thousand the produce of domestic in . pounds and a proportional ilusivy . it neeegsarily re- quantity of labour will be plac « s , by every such opera- employed by the two countiou , two distinct capitals , tries . Suppose , now , that which had both-been em . Engl .-inrl discov . rs that she Iiloycd in supporting pro . can import more linen from ( luttivu li \ bouf , and thevtb \ j Germany for tue silks wlnVh enables them to continue that she before exported to Scotsupport . The capital which land , and thut Scotland

      dis-Kenus Scotch manufactures covers that she can obtain to LoHdon , and brings back more silks from Prance English corn ondmanufnc- in return for htr linen thnn Hires to Edinburgh , neces- slie obtained before from saiuly replaces by every England ;—w ' -ll not Engsuch operation , two JJrirish land and-Scotland immedi . capitals nhicU had both atvJy cause tradiiif . ' with been employed in the ngri . each other ; unit will not ihe culture or manufactures of home trade of consumption Groat Britain . he changed for a foreign "The capital employed trade of consumption 1 But , in purohnting foreign goods although two additional cafor home consumption , pitals will enter into this when this purchase is made trade ( Hie cipital of Gervrith the produce of domes- many and that of France ) , tie industry , replaces also , will not the same amount hy evety such operation , of Scotch and English

      ca-Tiro distinct capitals , but pitfil continue to be fjnone of them only is employed ployed , and will it not give in supporting domestic wdus- motion to tlie same quantry . Tho capital which tity of industry as whi-n it sends British goods to Pot- was engaged in tlie home tu ^ 'iil , and brings back trade ? Portuguese goods to Great ISritnin , replaces , hy every such operation , only onu British capital . The other is 1 FllRTl'dUESEONE . TilOUgh the returns , therefore , of the foreign tr : ule of consumption should be as quick as tdosc of the home tnidc , the capita ' , employed in it , will give but one half of the

      encourapement to xnE industry OB PRODUCTIVE L 4-BDCR OF THE COONTRT , Now , Sir , I wish the Protectionists carefully to mark these two extracts . For my present argument it makers not which author has the best and strongest reasons It must lie remembered Hint these are tlie words of the two men on whose testimony Mr . Cobden has , from the beginning to the end of his agitation for Free Trade relied . He has repudiated and condemned all argument—all " appeals to reason , " on the bare assertion that these two authors have clearly demonstrated" the advantngeousness ot Free Trade . He has succeeded , stran' -e as it may

      appear—he /< o « succccded in preventing " discussion " —he has convinced the Premier and the Legislature , and many of tl-. e people , that Adam Smith nnd Ricardo have settled the question . On that erroneous conviction the whole code of our commercial laws has been revolutionised . And vet , Sir , the above extracts demonstrate that Adam Smitli and Ricanio are at the most complete variance ! Tho former asserting the superior ailvnntaeeousness of the home trade : tlie latter declaring the " fallacious" character of the former ' s argument , » nd averting ( not provhia ) theadvantngeousnessolfnreigntrade . The one being a Protectionist ,, the other . t Free-trader ; but , according to Cobden , Sir liobertPcel and all Free-traders are bound to believe in both \

      Sueh-is Mr . Cobden ' s victovy . lie has been the advocate oi those whose "inextinguishable desire for gain" impelled them to seek tor universal competition ; he has , in the total absence of "discussion , " succeeded in convincing his Ministerial opponent that he is right . Instead of arguments lie has furnished names ; and although those naniesinre in direct antagonism on the point at issue , he has completely bewildered and mystified his antagonist , and has forced him to surrender at discretion . Jt is not for me to discover by what subterfuge Sir Rooert Peel will excuse himself for th « weakness he

      has lvianiieetfed , hy falling into Mi 1 . Cob Itsn ' s trap . His eulogy on the " reasoning" powers of a man , who repudiates all rensoniiiL' and discussion , iniist pass for so mucli vapour . Had Sir Robert been silent on Mr . CobdeuVgrcnt abilities , it mi ^ hc havo been supposed that the . Premier had some " reason " for revolutionising our commercial cwls ; now , however , we are authoritatively assured that Sir Robert Pe

      A word or two on th » theory of Ricardo , as opposed to the ' fallacy" - of Adam Smith , may be usetul , as exhibiting the danger of committing the national interests to the mannaenient of ' ¦ ' ¦ philosophers . " If Ricardo ' s theory means anything , it amounts to this—tsat Great Britain is no longer to remain a manufacturing nation , for it is selflevident that , il England discovers that she can import more linen from Germany for the silks she before exported to Scotland , then , Germany will be the cheapest market tor linen , as well for other countries as for Eng land , and Scotland must , in that case , cease to manufacture linen . And , " if Scotland discovers that she can obtain more silk from France in return for her

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      linen than she obtained | be'ore from Enjrlahd . ' ^ i ; is quite clear that France will he the eheapist mar KeWor . 8 illf . asWfl ! for . other countries-as for ; Scot la . ntl , and England must cease to manufacture silk , i ins England and Scotland wouM commit suicide ^ 5 ^ S ^" InereJ >' *«> & ! ¦ & > ™» M neJuHi ^ r ^ ?? 0 " , 1110111 ' ' ' P ^ * es be 6 M 1 < > - buv their ??„ ^ Vfenab qw why other nations would it as R » l l ? W 1 " ScBfl « " «' . when they cmM obtain wiiatroiM ?« ° i State ! V clll' « Pe < - in Germany ? Or , kid SSb I 1 ( lu ? eotlief ; ct ) n ""' ies t 0 come to . Engl hev cS &h £ "l' " S ou" ' . ' PMosopher " ^^ uiey . can troy it for less money in France ? _ It is manifest that Ricjirdo ' s theory , when traderstoou , cannot fc acceptable « o Tfc League . A

      "¦ increase of the nation ' s wealfe , " Adam Snntlv is decisive in favour of home trade , , m- internal exchange , and as decidedly opposed to Free Trade . Thy matter , Mr . Cobden -was engaged' tor , carry a pointf awl he has been snceensful . . . © o I blame Mr . Cobden for navi « g duped the-Fiemier ? 1 view him as the chosen adVocate in a ford' cause , who Fias anrceedec ! in newflefcring the jirf ' gff and jury , an ?! lias thus obtained an unjust verdict . He might ffnmv , and no doubt did'lifnow , the wrattness of his case ; It was his business Co shelter liis event's onso , mi screen itsdefecta . I'le . has proved himself a ven adroit ' a-nd clover nj ^ oente .

      wliat dial ) be said of Sir Robert , Peel T PFfe was theplaee of judge . ' ffo was s « wn to protr-et ' the nation apninst the intrigues oi The League , fife has , either from ignorance or ' sorflethinjr ' wiirso , relied upon the special pleading of an interested nrfWate . and withont" reason" ov evidence he has sacrificed the nation s interest to tfiose whose mottoes nre =-1 "e main source of tl ;« -prosperity of this country is its manufacturing indusfty ant * enterpme . ' ^ AV James Grancm . And *• To give capital a fair ranuweration . the prica-of labour must be kept &mn . -, miimn M < . teJon . \

      es , Sir KoSert Peol has delivered tho interesttrof this srreat empire into the hands of those who , according to M'Sullnch , their great apnstle , nre % < a > vcrned by " the- 'incxtinsu . ishatilc- passion for eain , the passion lor accumulation , wllich has no limits ! " ' Are we Englishmen . Cbrisliraa , quietly to witness * the triumph nf An < puss ; ?» N not even at tlie . bidding ot a B ' isltop ! I am , Sir ,. Yours respectfully , , , _ , . ¦ KrojiLAstB Oastler . Lendon . July S , 3846 . P . S- ' — Had the Protectionists spent one-quarter the money in defence of the principles of tlie Constitution that has been spent by the Seaguc in "rder to pive free scrope io > " tlie passion . : or sain , " we should not have witnessed this disgraceful fall of so man v statesmen .

      The question now is— Unve is the Jhaft ground to be retrained ? . 4 general election must soon take place . What steps are iiieanwliHo to be tnlfcen W remove the mist from the minds of tlie people ? Not : a moment should be lost . R . 0 .

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      ———n ^ lltLLAND . THE ROYAL I .. OYALS . pirotwr , July 2 Q . ~ Tlie usual weekly nrectine of this bdiiy was held to-day , Captain Broderiek in the chair . He called upon tte members to de- all th j could to puc an end to the dissensions which had sprung up among them , and- 'to rely upon ( XGonncIl , their long-tried and able leader , and not to he . I'd astray by men who had made great professions but had done nothing for Ireland . He called upon the people of Ireland to look to moni ] force » 1 omj for ihe

      repeal ot the Unien , and never h ' sten to ppr .-ons who sro ' ce of resorting to physical force . Those persons , if they looked to ulterior measures , got admission into the association on false pretences . In all countries whero physical frrce had been trird . it failed , and would never be approved < f by ( D'Connell ard the Catholic clen > , v of Ireland . They would accept pood measures from the Whiss ; but would n' » t be the less determiiied-ta obtain repeal , lie called upon the people of Ireland to rally round tie nssooi . ition . end reject the jr . en who would create dissension in it .

      Mr . 0 'Nki . m , next addressed the meeting . He read a let er from Airdrie , in Scotland , from a repeal warden , Mr . M'Canley , who expressed regret at the recent disputes in the association ; but the rallying cry of the repealers of that town was " 0 'ConnelI , Repeal , and moral force . " The speaker' then went on to s < y , that they acknowledged no other leader but 0 'Coniiel ) , and were all animated with one sentiment , the desire and the determination do achieve repeal . The association w .-is based on the principle that repeal was to be sought for through moral force alone . Tho ^ e who advocated any other should come forward with a substantive resolution . Mr . O'Neill proceeded to enforce the doctrine of O'Connell of proceeding towards repeal l > v moral force alone . A voicp—It was O'Connell adv ' sed the compromise at Dunjiarvan . ( Cries of "Orderorder . " )

      , Mr . 0 'Nbii . i . —I'll allude to Dungarvan , if you like . 11 the repealers had decided upon contesting Dungarvan , you should expend for the election a large amount of the funds of the association , for no candidate would himself expend some three or four thousand pounds for a lew months' sitting in parliament . ' Mr . Stkele—And let me add thai , we should be beaten . The rent for the week approached , £ 160 .

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      THE "LIBERAL" KD'GS . ( Prom La lifforme . ) We slioul'i not have thought that 2 i ert . v whs an well protected . In a fsw days hence she will no longer stand in need of her natural defenders , since lu-r old enemies nre now embracing her cnuse . We are talked to every moment about liberal Kings . Yesterday it yvas in Prussia ; to-day it is in S : irdinin . The spectacle ; s truly wonderful . We are about to see in all parts of Europe Royalty waving the banner of the Revoliitii-n ! ¦ ' The value of the liberalism of the Kinjf of Prussia , with liis fine promises , is well known . The Hhcralistn of the Sovereign of Sardinia is pretty nearly of ihe same stamp—oulv that Uiq sonno is bftter plnyod beyond the Alps than beyond the llhine . It is easy to convince ont ' s self of this .

      It iif hut a vury short time since the Royalty which reigns nt Turin assumed this «»*» .- But the cameily lu \ s progressed with rnpiility . King Cl-arles Albert liasfnund supple and docilH 'instruments at hand , win- have hastened to second him ; » nil certain counts ; ind marquisscs have deigned to scribble a { , •«¦ pamphlets to recommend the Siirdiniun Prince to Italian patriotism . Such has been act 1 . o the comedy : the curtain now ri « es for the seeond . Articles li-ire been very mlroitljslipped into certain journals , nhose tenders have been , i niiblert , nn awaking , to learn the jct'iierous di'sijins of Chnrles Albert . There are even l-viun prepared at this , moment lon ^ plcnriiu ^ s in favour of this libi r .-il Sovere i gn , and if we are not mistsiki n , they will soon be found in one of the first compilations of Paris .

      Hitherto thu King of Sardinia nets but iittle by him . self . Wait a moment . This pri-nt Monarch also does a little on his own account : be hai permitted the publication in his states of certain books ivliicli concealed : i few hurdiesses ; and he is not far from restoring ail its liberty to that soul of Ituly which Iims been repressed : for centuries . All these manoeuvres tend towards the same end , and are inspired by tl .-o stme design . A generous ide . i has pre-occnpii-d for some jsears the attention of all the intelligent an-l polished spirits of Ituly . ThU idea in thut ol national unity . If » 11 these

      members of the Peninsula , divided nml separated by diplomacy , could only be united at last—ir all these branches of the old mition .-il tree were to be re-nttneiied , one day to the same trunk—if the Appentiincs wer .-toat-. tact to them nil the psitty of this powerful orgunisnu which have ceased to form a single bod y ! Such is themost ardent aspiration of Univ . This is tlie idea wltichi lives in the hearts of her fine inhabitant * , and which , seems to be fortified there every day under the weight of- those numerous tyrannies of which it is the pasture land ' .. Tbocry of Mai'hiavelH no « bursts forth in every Italian bosBir .

      Well . ' the new Borgia wl , o is to restore to Italy this , unity , so pi-tcious and so necessary , . i ; Chsirles AH en— -. this--xcellent King of Snrdinin , who also entitlts . him-. s ° U , for his nintisemrnr , the King- ot'C }( irus fit *] Ji-ru-. salem . This is at all events what i-hey are tr \ it ;« to persuade the Italians . Such is th « object of thusointrigues , which ave knotted together on si . ) sides , nnd -ftliicli hiive ^ p .-issi il ftn-m : » few hooks into the ppiioilii-n ) j > : ! mss . We should have disdained to .. «» y a sitt : > l <; word atmult this faree . if it did not conceal .--. me dauirtv * . The p .-oplewho suffer easily accept the hajvo ut : i bettov . future . This sentiment is to them a grcaunurcu of stwutgin , beeuuse . it eternally protest * against . sU-bpotisni ;• but it it ) so ik poses them to illusions v&ich too oijjwi only end- i « u bloody disasters .

      lit is uosfi \ We , assuredly , that Chirks AJbeirt may iKk siva the unity of Italy ia : l ceitum point of view . Wa . arepwsunrted Unit this fabulous Anarch of . Jerusalem , and Cyprus would be . v * ry lad toroipi frmn the Alps to the sea . On this eoiMjikion , he would doubtless rid Italy of the contact of fowJ gn'Ta . supyoBinj : hulifid th : p » werof so doin ^ . This power failing him , there rema i ns to him the pleasure of an ambitious : thenm . »» d why should ha not undertake to arm Italy for that dream ? The most vexatious thiag that could happen to him would he to fail , but the misfortune would not be . so great , atter all . The Prince of Casignan is thuru . This heroic musk would fall agnin , aivd the sinister lace of the executioner of Austria -would reappear through the broken mask .

      We do not m-irii that the Italians should reproach us for having insisted on these reminisnencej , What ought least to fail the victims is memory . It - cannot fail in Italy after so many wounds nnd afflictions . f ^ O But tyrannies nre becoming so hostile that they can . not b / j too much unmasked . It is to-day especial 1 ; Uw ^ one may rrpcat the encrgatic words of the "'" P'JIlf ??^'' " Ke raius nets upon the people . " / vWj ' x §§ >< 3 t

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  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), July 25, 1846, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1376/page/7/