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Northern Star (1837-1852), 25th July 1846, Edition 1 of 3, Page unpag

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      M A KGB ESTER . J ;_ . li |( pjPflAfl » JEE .. ™^ . , . «^ .- « --. «»»» to persecution . When r rtessne-s or apathy in other ; districts threatened ! hP destruction of Chartism , when good wages upon ihl one Hand , or terror of the capitalists upon the ? w were making ravages in our party , Manchester ° tai held fas * to the good old principle . Manchester Verturouehout the calm losi its staff or abandoned !* -olonrs and , however deserters and traitors may l »« e succeeded in gulling the outuests , even the £ mieb of Manchester were more than a match for wiartist ot MANCHESTER .

      ? heir united jugglery , me cnuaren * f « icliester have shown themselves capable of deflating a TCrv stron ? combination of dissatisfied eletnents Perhaps one of the most curious circiimfLnces connected with Gliartism , is the fact that ^ oug hont the long calm , and whatever foreign or - nternsI Jirscnsions threatened danger to our cause , Man chester was never vfithout its council , ita ruling bodvand wise directing power . It was not wonderfa ] hat the beei who had thus laboured in the political -vineyard , as well as in the industrious hive , should have sought that protection and certainty for the expression of their own opinions and the extension of their own principles in the independent pos-J ^ onof a PLACE OF WORSHIP of their own : Nor is it to be lost sight of ihat execution promptly followed the design—that

      THEIR OWN IIALL , ( he foundation stone of which was onl y laid on the 10 th of April , should hare been ready for consecration on the 19 th of July . Such , however , was the 3 ^ On Sunday last a magnificent Chartist Hall ^ consecrated to the rel igious principles of C hartism—to the Christian doctrines of truth . Such an event as the opeuing ' of a Chartist place of meeting anywhere would be looked upon with great interest , but in Manchester it absorbed all other thought © .

      CONSECRATION OF THE HALL . Long before the hour of meeting ( two o ' clock ) the doors were beset by groups of persons from the country , who had arrived thus early for the purpose of insnringaccommodation . Air . Wheeler , president of the managing pewer . occupied the chair ex ojjicie , and after bavin * butfly Ajiiiftuuoeu" the circumstances which led to the undertaking , and having shown the interest that the working classes had in maintaining the edifice sow that it was erected , lie introduced Mr , R , Shf . u > qn Chadwick , a mere youth , who read the following opening address , composed t by himself for the occasion : —

      Brethren and Friends—thrice welcome to this Haix , "Where friendship beckons , and where pleasures call ; "Where the bright flag of Liberty snail sued , Its heavenly signal o ' er the Patriot's head ; Shield its defenders from the scathe of wrong , And guard this dome of season , and of song , ¦\ Thite ye , Those Jirart-i respond to aid our caase , j 5 And lore the sacred splendour of onr laws , Shall proudly s ? e its glorious robes onfurl'd . To crash ike tyrant ' s poorer and humanize the world . Hail ! then , ray friends , this -Temple is to save , The humble p » or from misery ' s loathsome grave : Beneath its roof applauding crowds shall hear The voice of tbctb , and give their grateful cheer , j And from tlie snares of tempting Bacchus turn . To bear her dictates , and while hearing , bum ! That such a cause , with such a humble name , May win tue path of glory unto fame ; Ca 2 e ofl this lowly fabric then , and smile ; So gift of princes here , but MEN who think and toil . '

      What is the object ot our great design ? What are the precepts cf this halfawed shrine t Is not its aim to elevate mankind ., — Are they not choicest proverbs of the mind ; Is not the wise suggestion of its plan , To help the poor—protect the Rights of Man * Give then your favours , ana wnli smiles contest . Ton , too , shall share the transports of our breast . Join in the choras which onr hearts ihallrise , And to our ends and aims ascribe immortal praise . Oft have ih j tried to frustrate and to end , Those rights uirine , for which we all contend ; Oft hare thrj tried to crush the Patriots' flame . Back to the heart ; rom whence its vigour came , But they nave ! aU '« t ; for principles so great , God has deslgn'd shall share a better fate . They stop our struggles J Xay , they migh t as soon Biinofold the sun , or darken the bright moon ; Thau lower the flag , now to the wiuds unfurl'd , ilight one ssiail dew-drop qbencfa a burning world .

      Shall tve refuse to shield the poor opprest , And ban ! . ! : pit ; from the human breast , When scch as Cobbett , Cartwrjght , and Carlisle , "Whose pensive shades their vigils keep and smile ! When so » Ji as these contended in their might . To spread abroad truth , liberty , and li ght , " - Shall we forsake the glorious tud in view I 2 fo . Eather vrUl we still their works pursue ; Parsue them here , upon no trophied stage , But where the noblest troths sball every heart engage

      Upon this platform , Pii < snix- ] ike shall rise . Earth ' s proudest sons , to glad your eager eyes ; Proud of the systist which they spread along . This laud « f vils oppression , and of wrong ; ilea , like O'Connor , Dancombe , and the rest , "Who lores the cause wiich pities the Mistreat ; And others , too , of note , who think and toil , Still ,-still shall ( liter \ ou \ vitu their sweetest nulle , Still sball behold your progress , and adore , Those noble thoughts and deeds which help the suffering poor .

      Long nwy they flourish , swee tnw God-like plan , 1 b still to love and ielp their fellow man . And shall I here forget , titled from home , The triple hand o ' vr ocean's farthest foam , — Far from their wives and children , in a land Wiere ihrstlil < ji 32 , zoaaacjes , and despots stand j The noble three whose hearts still beat and yearn , To know your efforts , meet a just return ; Oh ! may your hearts respond the Patriots ' groans , And bring bick to their homes , both Williams , Frost , and Jones .

      Our chiefest aim is to protect the poor , lad from oppression shitld each humble door ; Hence this fair fabric of industrious worth , "Where thought may give its noblest actions birth . Are we noi living in an age and dime , "Where kno ' -ileu ^ e nukes its progress with the time , " Where the sischanic and the ariizan . Can claim the highest designation , MAS ? Hear son's of freedom echo on the air , The antido ' . e of grief , and sorrow , and despair . Let hope be yours , ye unnssaming few , Great truths hare conquer *] , yours sbail conquer too ; Bt patient , peaceful , in your lowly Tale , Remember , truth must triumph and prevail . Think , tliiuk , and toil , and then amid you tross ,

      Perctivedslsall be the region of repose . Tnat Gicse , thoee rights , a Son declared should win . Are stiil our minds , —your hearts enshiined within ; Go Oh and prosper , and you yet shall see , That God will help the weak , and freedom help the free Thus shall we learn as we creation scan , The w&rlfc . of sou , tht dignity of man , Aid the great precepis of osr bumble cause . Protect oar rights , and still defend our laws ; let the great watchword of our votaries be , Co on , apii struggle , till nisniind be free-I ? ree from the despot ' s fincgc'on , and his thrall , Till universal freedom waits on all , ' - And like Eztkitl' s , reason ' s roice reveals , ' That man discerns the spirit in its wheels .

      The reading of this addressfwas received with degerved applause , after which the Chairman intrdueed Mr . Damel Cosovax , who was received with warm and hearty cheering—lie said , thai those who had predicted the death of Chartism , -would find them * selves rattier astonished had they the good fortune to witness its revival that day . The fact was that Chartism never was dead , and never intended to die —{ loud cheers)—until it had accomplished for the people , that which no other party would accord to them . There was one icing connected with Chartitni , thai no other ism could boast of—it was this , that at ail times , and in all seasons , and all emergencies , it knew which side of the iiause to sit . ( Loud cheers

      asMi laughter . ) Veil , sun ; , Hint was something when our only CLanipkn in iLc House of Commons , Mr . Duncombe —( sreat cheering}—was obliged to ask Lord John wlr . ch side of the house he was to sit open —( laughten-ashe , ; &- . Duncombe , was in total Ignorance of the principles which he might be called npon to support by the WLi g leaders . There might be fotne peraens there who ftlt astonished at Air O'Connor ' s over-readiuess to participate in Labour ' s endeavour to emancipate itself from the thraldom oi capital , and the inferloritv imposed npon our class ijy dassleoislation , hntia ivssCMr . D . Jnotflstoiiished when he looked over the page of his country's history , aad found that the ahcesitrs of that gentfeman were persecuted like wiid beasts for their devotion to the same princip l es . ( Lend elicem . ) Yes , he hod heard of their struggle from Ms father , and from old Irishmen of those days , and if they wanted confirmation of his statement , let them read Hone ' s political

      B £ gi > , ter , and there they would find the torture , the persecution , and cruelty io wlicb kis ( Mr . O'Connor ' s ) neble lather was exposed under the Reign of Terror of the Woody tyrant Gastlereagh—( groans)—and let them read Ms ( Mr . O'Cor-nor ' s ) father ' s own letters in defence of the very principles they were now advocating , when it was not enly trcaton , but death to do » o . From these authorities they would learn that Castler ^ i permitted Mr , O'Connor ' s father the boon of being brought from bis dungeon npon a handt W ° \ for J"i honf , into the gaol yard to see his wife , when tyranny had deprived him of the use of Li 3 limbs , but not of the use of Ws senses . ( Loud chceis . ) More than that , he would End the name of that gentleman s father amongst the sttupgiinz patriots of that day ; he attended the Convention of United Irishmen held at Belfast , and declared himself in favour of every one of oar principles , except the ballot , obserring ibat he would think himself de-

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      graded as an Irishman , if he thought it possible that his countrymen in possession of the other points would ' require-thetbaliotvto-protect-them aoaingl , tyranny , lie thought his countrymen would consider it a greater } hJBhojir . tp ! be Sjlbjnidithe free and open exerciseof > heirj > olitical rights .,. ( Iiyud cheers . ) fle was no eulogist of , Mr . O'Connor , or any other man ' but he would ask that meeting if it could be considered man worship , or even flattery . to speak the truth of his ountry man and their friend , when others wh . were wholly ignorant ef those facts , had entered into a foul conspiracy to malign him , and through him to injure our cause . ( Loud cheers . ) ' lie owed a debt of gratitude to the O'Connor family , for he well remembered that when he was a child , he had frequently indulged himself by walking through their Eraded as an Irishman , if hf » f . hniioht . if . nnsnihlo ti .. ^

      vast and beautiful domains , while if he had been found trespassing upon tlioie of the neighbouring gentry , he might haye been transported or perhaps sh-= t . ( Cheers . ) He ( Mr . Donovan ) felt ' that he had but discharged his duty as a Cnartist and a working man , by proclaiming these facts , and he would now tell the meeting that there was but little use in their cheers and huzzaha for the possession of that ; edifice , if they were not determined by their co-operation to support and defend its possession . ( Cheers . ) It was working men solely that had reared that edifice , and while poverty was mocked by the erection of such buildings as the Free 1 rade Hall , surely labour ought to have some pride in directing attention to its own refuge . What was there Lnbour

      could not do if unanimous ? Look to thegiantseheme proposed by Mr . O'Counorfor locating the working classes upon the land . ( Great cheering . ) See , notwithstanding that some differences of opinion may exist , even between the best frichda ot that institution , how tue working classes were rallying round tke hope , and resolved that it should succeed . ( Cheers . ) In conclusion , he had merely to observe that when the working classes were united , then it would be impossible for tyranny longer to resist their just demands . ( Cheers . ) Let tiivm then begin to show their union by taking out shares in . our new Hallthus securing for their principlea and their order , a refuge aud retreat from which their oppressors could not dislodge them . ( Loud cheers . )

      Mr . O'Coxnor was next introduced , and was received with , tremendous applause . He said , —Mr . Chairman and brother Chartists of Manchesl < r ; if ri ^ lit ruled instead of might , it would have fallen to the lot , to the proud lot , of some right reverend father in God to have consecrated this holy edifice to the sacred principles of Faith , Hope , and Charity . ( Loud cheers . ) Can they deny that the principles oi ' Chartism are such as would become a bishop to preach—or are they such as are calculated to dishonour the preacher ? , For himself , ht had always felt that it but requireia ' the working clashes to understand that Charter was the fire , and the Landlwas the leg of mutton , in order to insure the co-operation of all in its accomplishment . ( Glieere . ) -They must

      bear in mind , that with him the doctrines now accepted by millions were not of novel conception , but that he bad advocated them at a time that their principles were little understood , and when the boon to be achieved by their success was a novelty . Those who heard and read his speeches in 1835 , when he first established the present movement , would bear in mind , that he had told the working classes that the day of auction would come when Peel and Russell would respectively bid for popular support . Well , was it not true , although these two competitors had only thought it worth tkeir while to bi « l lor the favour of the constituent body . The Anti-Corn Law League h . d marshalled its collective power , and straightwav Peel went from monopoly to the sliding

      scale , when Russell caniu down to an 8 s . fixed duty . Peel then bid progressive Repeal , and Russell pfc fered the total and immediate abolition . ( Loud cheers . ) Now , then , w . -ts it to be doubted that when the movement party was in an equal state of preparedite ?? , that the rival statesmen would respectively bid the several point- * of the Charter for popular support . ( Cheers . ) The people must also bear in mind , that from the outset he ( Mr . O'Connor ) had invariably told them , that if the land was locked up to-day , he would not give them a straw for the Charter . ( Cheers , and " You did ! " ) He then , at all event * , could not be charged with inconsistency for having so blended the means and the end so as to insure the realisation of the one by the possession

      of the other , while he entertained but little respect for those who were amongst its most ardent concoctors , and now that their opinions had changed , masters went about the country proclaiming the fallacy of the Land plan , and the assertion'that it would take fifty-eight years , four months , three weeks , fiYc days , Beven hours , thirty-eight minutes , and thirtysix seconds , to locate even one section . ( Great laughter and . cheers . ) lie would ask thoao new apostles to protection how it was that they sat in Convention and allowed the people to be juggled « nth a knowledge of this arithmetical precision . ( Iioud cheers . ) lie would now lead their minds to a course of reasoning upon the present position of affairs , which , he felt convinced , wauld : at once lead them

      to the conclusion that he had been right in his every prediction ' relative t »< - the ulterior objects and duplicity of the Free Traders and the duty of ! the Chartists . He must bring tiiein back to 1840 , when the League members not only advocated free trade , but used it as a means of suppressing Chartism- They must bear in mind , that the only course allowed " us to preserve our principles from total ' annihilation , and to Keep them before the world , was b y snowing that Chartism had not merged into Free Tradism—the one grand object that the Free Traders had in view . And- thus I show that our opposition was based upon the necessity of keeping the

      Charter movement m the ascendant , and that our neutrality was only secured when it might bave been death io the Irish and starvation to tlie English to have persevered in our opposition . I have now proved to demoustration that that opposition was justifiable inasmuch as it involved the very existence of ? the movement party . ( Loud cheers ) And I shall now show you that after circumstances have proved bur wisdom , and established my character as a prophet . ( Cheers . ) It must be borne in mind , that in the hottest of our opposition we never swerved from principle ; we were the first to declare ' the Corn Laws to benotonly impolitic , but UNJUST IN PRINCIPLE —( loud cheers )—accompanying it with the belief

      that UNDER EXISTING CIRCUMSTANCES , and until the " people were represented , jthe working : classes ¦ would not equally participate' in the change . ( Cheers . ) So far I have brought you from the reason of _ our original opposition to the reasoning , upon the principles . And now bear ' the fact in mind that the only speeches made by the Protectionists in the House of Commons werea mere clumsy reiteration of the Chartist speeches made but of the House of Commons—thus showing you tkat your most enlightened representatives are now but approaching the . ground that you firmly occupied seven years age—are but now feeling their way towards principles upon which for years your mind ' s have been matured ( cheers ) . Then weconne from the sack to the sample , and we find that the Prime Minister himself is compelled to strengthen his position in the eleventh hour , by adopting the very terms of our reiterated revolution—Til AT THE CORN

      LAWS WERE UNJUST JN PRINCIPLE ( loud cheers ) . I shall now bring you to the consideration of those reasons of a political character , which 1 assigned for opposing the repeal of the Corn Laws by those men who contended for the change ( cheers ) , and believe me , roy friends , that there is no small pride and vanity in a very much abused gentleman being able to stand before a very much abused party , and to snatch the honor of triumph from the enemy at the same time- that I and thuse who have acted with me in preserving your movement through the calm , are able to establish our title to your future respect by recurrence to our past policy ( cheers ) . 1 distinctly told you then that if the repeal of the Corn Laws was effected by the capitalists who leagued

      themselves together to accomplish the measure , that its social result , whatever it m : iy be as regards food and ita price , would be altogether lost in the horrors of this country being governed by the Malthusian economists whose ultimate objects are the reduction of wages to the starvation point , and the enactment of laws to coerce the refractory into subjection . New let us see whether or no I was riylit . Cobden was offered a seat in the cabinet . Milner Gibson is in power with the cabinet . Earl Grey and Air . Labouchtre are both Mahhushna of the blackest school , end are in the cabinet . Mr . Ward ( hisses ) is a part of the administration , eo that X think I show you that the ireetradeis inside , backed as they will be by the freetraders outside , have , on the very outset ,

      secured ' the pernicious ascendancy which I sa much dreaded —( cheers)—an ascendancy which 1 have often told you will not . be able , under any commercial arrangement , to regulate the retail price of the loaf relatively to the price of labour , when it is placed upon the table « f the operative , who must first sell his labour at the lowest rate that political powerthe power of money and the influence of a compctitive reserve will compel him , before he can buy the loaf at any price ( loud cheers ) . So that every working man may , independently of that commercial policy by which the speculations of the monied interests are regulated , be his own producer , his own consumer , and his own representative through his vote , to insure the advantages of his own labour for himself and his own family ( sreat cheering ) . I have bow ( continued Air . O'Connor ) given you not one but

      three texts from which , like theparsons , 1 will preach my sermon under three heads this evening . You must not impose too much labour upon me , while I think that the faot of my having worked all dny yesterday upon yonr farm , " having travelled here last Hight , making my two speeches to-day , returning toiHgut , being at work for you again to-morrow at six p clock , and meeting an opponent of the land plan in discussion to-morrow night at Rickniansworth—( low ! cheera ) -this double agitation , I say , for the land aR d the Charter , is the best answer to the malcontents who supposed that your political and local rights could not march forward hand in hand , and SSmSvT ? ^ . ! " ne 8 lected ? ( Renewedcheers foil ^ ?™> m ? friends , although the former part of my discourse may be unlike that of a state church parson , yet there ja one portion of

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      their practice never ft > rg « tten _ wIiicb . / I thigk it ? igbi to obserre just now ; it isi" Pray rameinb ^ r tife ^ oorl " ( laughtep . >) wBea « : in mJnd-tnafr'thisrhaU : haff = been erected by the . zeal , the confidence , and the pence of working men alone ; and that ' unless you strengthen their confidence by contributing your quota ' ; to add to their exertions , and to your own comfort , that you will not have done your duty . I observe that niaiiy are put to the inconvenience of standing , while a few are accommodated with seats . Now , tlie directors cannot , and do not , approve of this inequality ; and what 1 have to request of you is , that all who feel an interest in receiving a large return for a » i . «• _ : . » ... _

      small capital , may take out shares in this noble building ; while those who can conveniently afford it will leave their mite in the Chartist poor-box , in order to enable the directors to aSurd that comfort to all , which they have b ;« en able to administer but to a few to day—and I make my appeal especially to those gentlemen who have had the advantage of a scat . Farewell , till evening service , when I hope-to meet a congregation equally numerous , ' equally ; respectable , equally valuable , and equally industrious . —Mr . O ' Connur then ; retired amid continued cheering . ' ,

      EVENING MEETING . * At half-past 6 o ' clock the spacious hall was literally crammed to suffocation in every part , when Air . Wheeler again occupied the chair . Air . Dixos was the first speaker introduced , and was received by his townsmen with that warm acclamation which honest and consistent service in their cause is ever sure to command . He said , that one of the greatest oljeets of their oppressors was . to destroy Chartism by depriving its advocates of any place to ' meet in ~ , but in that they . would be grossly deceived . In 1 S 43 , when they had serious cause of complaint , and when they met to , discuss ' their grievances , they were toid by an upstart Justice at the head of the mercenaries , that . lie admitted the objects of their

      meeting to be perfectly legal , but that their numbers made it illegal . ( Oil , oh , and laughter . ) Now he . Air . Dixon . thought it a very novel doctrine , that the number of persom seeking a redrcW of grievances , should constitute the illegality of a , meeting ; while they were told that a majority of English feelin : ; should always constitute the dominant power in the state . There was no mau present wl-o felt a deeper , or a greater pride in that day ' s proceedings than him , Mr . Dixou . However , as he would haye frequent opportunities of addressing his townsmen jn their own hall , and as Mr . O'Connorhid iwp &erm <\» 9 to preach , and was limited as to time , he would how make ' way for that gentleman . ( Clivers , aud go on . ) Mr . O'Connor—Yes , go on , I will give you one of the sermons with pleasure , ( Laughter . )

      Mr . Duos—No , no . I see that othewnre anxious to say a few words before Mr . O'Connor rises to ! address you , and therefore 1 shall sit down ; ' thanking you for your indulgence and your kind reception . Mr . Dixon than sat down amid loud cheers ; when the Rev . Mr . Sciiolevjeld stepped to the front of the plat / orni , and was received-with Joud " cheers aiid waving of hats . IIe said , Mr . President and my friends , I come amongstjou this evening to pay a debt and discharge a groat obligation to your chief . I am come to tender my thanks and . ' gratitude to that gentleman fur his noble , his patriotic , eloquent and manly defence of you and your' -principles at Nottingham . ( Loud cheers . ) Yes , my friends , it . is a duty that every man in the kingdom owes to Mr .

      O'Connor for'bis" transcentlant speech ; a speech which ; although we arc tnld is imperfectly reported in the Sim ; was sufficient to warm the blood in the veins of every working man and every lover of liberty who read it . - { Great cheering . ) A speech , sir , which we Are told is to be published at great length —a speech that every one of my children shall have , a speech that every workiiig man , and every working man ' s child in the kingdom * should ' possess , ftftd hand down to p-isterity as the title-deed of the labourer ' s social and political rights . ( Loud cheering . ) I have now discharged that obligat ' on , Sir , and " I bave a debt to pay to the respected gentleman . 1

      am not ashamed to confesss , sir , that 1 felt sore , and hot" unnaturally , ' at the manner in which I was treated at the Lancaster trial . . I felt , sir , thatthe inconvenience sustained by myself and family , and which we are at all times ready to endure , w . ns quite a sufficient sacrifice for us . ( Hear , hear . ) But , sir , when the authorities of the town took advantage oi ' our peaceful demonstration to turn tho law . against us , Idid think it too hard that I , who had furnished tbe . 'ChartistLparty with countenance and shelter which they could not secure elsewhere , should , have been made the greatest victim . ' ( Cheers . ) Yes , sir , I am not afraid to confess that I did fet > l sore at

      £ 150 of my own earnings being taken iroin i my young family to defend myself and support my witnesses at Lancaster ; but , sir , when I learn from Mr , O'Connor for the first time , in his letter .. upon the subject , that the defence fund was appropriated not only to the defence of the Lancaster men , but to the defence of the Stafford , the Warwick , the Chester , and the Liverpool Chartists , and that the fund was debtor to him ' . ; then , sir , my bitterness of feeling turned into regret for having done him a moment's injustice—r ( Loud cheers )—and now , sir , the only honour that I desire to achieve is . that besides my three or or four pounds personal subscription , that I should be entered as a subscriber of £ 150 , to the National Defence JFund . ( Loud cheers . ) Now , sir ,

      1 have discharged a sacred obiiuation and a debt to Mr . O'Connor , and I shall settle accounts with the directors of this splendid hall . I shall also discharge my . obligation to those gentlemen . Upon YarioiiB occasions , when they sougit . my services 1 was otherwise engaged , ; but nevertheless I felt au anxious desire . in , their . ' praiseworthy undertaking . ( Cheers . ) IMy friends ,-you have ; yet much land contiguous to this hall that may be turned to profitable account . " Build shops upon it , and houses upon it , and jou may depend upon it that the more jou possess yourselves ' of those emblems of respectabilityhouses and land- —the more your opponents will respect you and attend to your demands . Look to the land plan established bv Mr . O'Connor and see what

      benenttbat promises . ^ But there is no thing I would say to . our respected friend , although he has no (; reat partiality for parsoes , I would remind him that it would be wise to procure a substitute for some of their expensive services—it woulll be wise to appoint a still and lonely sacred spot to each locaticii , where , without the interference ' of the parson , we may bury our families , where their bones . may mingle with their own dust , and where in tlie calm and stillness of the surrounding quiet , they may hear the trumpet sound , if ever it does sound —( great laughter , and cheers)—and thus as their comfort will be more secure , they will have a better chance of hearing the last summons than the poor factory operative . living in tlie rattle-box and amid the Babel of their own ' confusion . ( Renewed laughter and cheers . ) No « , my friends , I will turn to another subject . Mr , Dixon has adverted to the questions put by me to

      Mr . Milner Gibson . ( Cheers . ) My friends , 1 did no more / than my duty . I thought ' when a right hon . gentleman whose name we were likely to forget in his titles came amongst us to seek our support , that we should not allow him . to forget our principles , or at least to suppose that we had Forgotten them . ( Loud cheers . ) I putthose questions to him in perfect sincerity , and I believe that if it hud not been for the fog around him that lie would have answered them with more sincerity than he did . I tell you , my friends , that he and his class will only represent you when they are compelled to do so by tlie strength , of your principlea , instead of being awed by those who now possess a monopoly of the franchise . Now , my friends , I have discharged my . several debts , and 1 ahal ! retire to make way for ' my friend Mr . O'Connor . Tlie rev . gentleman sat down amid repeated cheers , when ,

      Mr . O'Coknor rose and said , sir , can anything be more delightful to my mind than the illustration oi the great fact presented to us in the return of our esteemed and rev . friend ( Loud cheers . ) Have I not always said that Chartism required but the appearance of : a . . foe . worth fighting to ensure the reunion of its own disciules—( cheers )—and if my speed ; at Nott's had no other result than that of inspiring the rev . gentleman with renewed confitlennu in my resolution , I am more than , amply paid . ( Cheers . ) 1 am always pleased at having anppportunity to explain myself upon money matters . In these respects I differ from the usual . class of treasurers . When 1 have a balance in band I proudly announce the fact in honour to your devotion , but vken the exchequer is my debtor , I sorrow in silence over your apathy , and bear the infliction rather than announce your indifference to the world . ( Cheers . )

      Such is now the case—such were the circumstances irkich led to the mistake of my rev . and excellent friend . A balance in hand w » 9 published immediately after the trial , and long before all the obligations were discharged , and the result of the several defence funds is , they owe me a balance of more than £ 200 . ( Shame . ) - Well , now I have done with that suloect , and I turn to what is more cheering . Mr . Scholeiield is amongst us once more , and Dr . M'Douall has also buckled on his Chartist armour—( loud and long continued cheering and waving of hats)—and every particle of difference that did exist between us and those who struggled with us before , must perish and be for ever forgotten . ( Loud cheers . ) The enemy is in the field , and . we can only be beaten ty our own disunion . I shall now , my friends , justify another portion of inv own conduct .

      1 have been frequently charged as an obstructive , for not taking the free traders at their word and joining them in the struggle for free trade upon the solemn pledge and assurance that , that object achieved , they would join us for the charter . 1 knew my men , I knew the anticipated result from free trade . 1 was aware of its contemplated effect upon Chartist principles and the rights of labour , and I refused the proposition unless thuy would place the Charter in its legitimate position in the foreground . ( Cheera . ) Well , our systematic opposition , our deadly hostility , and above all , our physical force propensities , were held as reasons for holding aloof . Circumstances justified our neutrality , and by our neutrality , more than by their own power , they were enabled to succeed ; whereas , had we longer resisted their progress , all the anticipated , and , indeed , all the hoped for horrors , would haye been placed to our account .

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      S ffiVr > S ^^ , a toti » labandonment ^ SK «^ &T eeding ^ ' trea c « erous wh ° 2 S ! M T ° PP ° ti"n ~ the measure has been ClSt nwlrL i T ? IS tbc P » nris « I advocacy of of the bnSnU , - d cllW- > What now beeotnea FREE ^ RaW ^ , ** TIIING AT A TIME . AFTFR 1 R , iVE F 1 RS 1 - AND TIIE : CIIARTER trarv 5 V , 5 emiVml lau 8 h - t « r . ) Upon the con-« StL i "L i ? advat » ce being" mu ' de by that section glutted by their presumed triumph , do we not hnd every shade of the P . ess , in every county , and every shadow of political faction , combining in more deadly hostility than ever , tu suppress the progress of our movement . ( Loud cheers . ) Thonnlinv , ^^^^^ " ^^^

      ot stand alone is not only ours ,- but that of our opponents , lliey are determined that we shall stand alone , and with God ' s blessing WE WILL STAND ALONE . ( Great cheering . ) Look to the coalition that has been formed—think of the Liberator , the Tin *? , the Finally Hero , every section of liberalism , and what is called the advocates of things-as-theyare , being obliged to combine to resist a party which is said to have no existence . ( Great cheering . ) Why there is no threatened opposition in the House of Common 3 , and the fusion arid amalgamation of p » rf iesism « tel y intended as a resistance to Chartism ' . | Mr . V . Oonnor was proceeding to analyse the power of the several parties , when Mrvltoberts entered the ball , and was received with the most rapturous

      anplauae , and which was renewed upon his mounting the platform . When it had subsided Mr . O'Connor continued : —! This is the only Attorney-General I ever desired to see —( cheers and lanjjlitcr , ^ labour's Attorney-General ; tho Attorney-Genernl who has gained more triumphs for . your order than you have achievea by the millions expended in . fruitless Btrusgles against the power of capital . ( Loud cheers , ' ami V it ' s true . ") llorcheis , not bolted yet . ( Great laughter . ) Not gone to America with the funds , but here _ beioro you , to tell - you what he thinks of your position , and what he thinks of the plan , at which he has now had a partial glance , I , like yourselves , am anxious to bear him , and as my time is limited I shall now msike way . ( Loud cheering . )

      Mr . Roberts then presented hinist'lf , and was most enthusiasticnllyapplauded . Hesaid , tliat , his presence there receiving the hearty plaudits of tlio ' people , ' was another proof of the tact that honest men had nothing to-four from criticism or censure . ( Loud cheers . ) They hnd only to continue in thateourst ! which their own hearts told them Was right , and the people wore shretved enough to form a ju 3 t estimate otVtheir intentions , whether honest or dishonest . ( Cheers . ) lie was hot one of those who had ever pandered to existing opinions , to courfr popularity , but on the contrary , when lie conscientiously differed from the" prevailing dogmas of the day , he came in for his share of that censure , which is always sure to follow resistance to lliose questions' of immediate exuitcnieiit . - ( Cheera . )

      2 \ either was he in the habit of ascribing an undue value to new nostrums propounded for the benefit b ! tlie working classes : lie . ' was ready ' to' admit that when tho hnd ' plan was first propounded , he may have thrown a damper upon the hopes of many win . had consulted him ; because , as with / other projects su with it , he had beard of so many projects that promised largely , and that afterwards disappointed , that he was determined to have no share of the blame in the new failure . However , upon the occasion of Mr . O'Connor having sold Oarpenders' Farm , his ( Mr . Roberta ') professional duty required that he ' slwuld goto Mr , O'Connor ; as Mr . O'Connor could not come to him , and in speaking of the' profit made upon that sale , he should only remark that 9 , 999 in every 10 , 000 hoiust men in England would say that the profit rca-Jiseii l > r thntaale proiterlv , justly , and 'rightfully W-

      louged to Mr . O'Connor himself . ( Cheers . ) However , as it appears , he has gratified his vanity by giving it to you , I confess to you that when ,: 1 arrived : it Ilemngs » a ! e , I toespecled sec a mud Iiovl-1 here , and to stnuiblo upon a - foundation there , and perhaps to see some ploughs at work ; but when' 1 walked a mile upon a gravelled road with houses , that deserve the name , upon either side ; when I saw th « state they were in , and the sum they had cost , I was literaHy-astounded . ( Great-cheering ';) All my prejudices left m ? , and if my astonishment before was that anyone should be gulled by the project , my astonishment now is that there are not 10 , 000 members for every one . ( Lord cheers ) And my conviction is that if the working classes could see it , and understand it , iht > y would require n 6 t one O'CoMiOV , but a hundred O'Connors to curry it out to the extent that might be realised . ^ ( Great cheering . )

      As the time had now arrived tor Mr . O'Connor « departure , Mr . Huberts' was obliged to break i > & it ) that part of his speech so interesting io the meeting , and the two gentlemen took their . departure amid cheering and waving of hats that shook the new Chartist Sanctuary , and thus ended tlie ceremony oi opening and consecrating-the'new Chartist Tabernacle . .- ¦ ¦ i ..- ..- ¦

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      THE LAND .: DISCUSSION BETWEEN MR . O'CONNOR AND MR . : GAY AT lUCKMANSWORTH . Monday last being the day appointed for the above discussion , the Fortune ( a piece of waste ground near Rickniansworth ) , where the meeting was held , pre-5 cuted a scene of unusual bustle in thai peaceful spoi . The farmers and little squires in the neighbourhood who keep donkey carts undertook to pay Mr . Gay ' s oxpencesto enable him to throw cold water upon the increasing pride of the labourlnij classes , wlio art now beginning to learn : their own valite . Shortly after seven o ' clock the several reads and paths began to contribute their share , and at about lialf-paat seven , when tho proceedings commenced , there was an immense concourse of persons , partly owing . no doubt , to the fact of its being "fair day" at Kickmnnau-nrtl )

      Mr . IIesky Ross . Avaa called to the chair , and having , demanded an impartial hearing for the speakers , he introducid Mr . Gay ... .... ¦ .. ' . Mr . Gay said he had come there in consequence of being dared to meet the managers of too hind plan in discussion . The gentleman connected with it hud offered to pay his expences . but he declined that oftVr and had COlue at lmown expenue . ( Hear , liear . ) lie was a native of Bickniansworth , and lie thought he owed it to his fellow-townsmen who were likely to be seduced by the promised benefits ; to caution them against the delusion . lie held the rules in his hand , and he would prove thu impracticability vf carrying out theplan-. according to those rules . ¦• ¦ lie fouii'l that the plan promised two acres .- of bind ,. a cottage ,

      and £ 15 , lor £ 5 a-ytar , and he asserted that what was to be given for that . £ 5 a-ye ; ir could not cost less than £ 117 . Suppoie £ 40 for two aores of _ land , £ 50 for a cottage , £ 15 for stock , seed and implements and £ 7 for a lease . Now , if he was right in calculations , it -was cleir that the whole sum of £ 15 , 000 paid by . one section of C 0 , 000 would not locate more than about 128 members ; so that the remaining 5 S 72 must be wholly disappointed ; This was what he found by the rules , and it was an ex : planation of those rales , ' especially-of the . 22 nd , that he required . He asked Mr . O'Connor how he could hope to carry out the promised benefit , when be showed that the whole capital of one section would be absorbed in locating 128 of its members , lie

      thought it his duty to open tbo eyes-of his fell » wnu-n , and to prevent them from falling into the precipice or the hole while their eyes were blindfolded .. Mr ; 0 'Cos sou said , Really Mr . Chairman and my friends , I was not aware of , the description of opposition the land plan would have to encounter front this new opponent of tlie measure . Firntly , allow me to observe the strong proof of our own- belief ihat this meeting ind the manner in which it is got up exhibits . One would suppose that a party opposed to all and anything having authority , would be satisfied with that amount of oppusition ; but as . our principles ever thrive best upon , discussion , wo have actually offered to pay the expenses of our new opponent—( cheers )—and don ' t you think we hiivo shown

      our wisdom . ( Laughter . ) If Mr . Gay ' s opposition does not confer the anticipated benefit-upon you , I trust that my reply will be of benefit to him—and now 13 I 111 II proceed to take the bandage oil' hiseyea , lest in his blindness he may tumble over the precipice , or fall into the hole , which his imagination has dim . ( Cheers and laughter . } Now . did any man ever witnrsssucli an exhibition ? When-you and I were anxiously looking for un exposure ot errors which prudence wouid require the correction of , . we ; find a gentleman full of ignorance , and as wholly destitute 01 knowledge of the plan us a sucking f . ig is ot divinity —( Cheera and laughter )— . tolling , us that if we do this , and if we do that , and if we do the other thing , we cannot do the rijjlu thing —( laughter)—but

      he 1 ms never once told you that neither we nor yet the rules propose doing any one thing that ho conjectures . If , says'he , the land and cottage cost £ 90 , and you give £ 15 , and the lease costs £ 7 , aud if you get but £ 5 a-ycar for thai , how can you locate tt'l thu members , and will not our capital be wasting instead ofiniproving . I wish Mr . Guy would write a newarith metic . ( Laughter . ) Why if all this docs , suppose that instead of £ 5 a-jo « ir , the society will charge £ G lk » . a-year , or at tho ' rate of 5 percent , upon the additional capital over £ 82 10 s . ( Clicera . ) If the lease costs £ 1 ! what nonsense , when it will not cost more than 10 s . It ' you s ' ivc £ 11 ° wol > tlv instead of £ 82 10 i . worth—if you do this , and if you do that , and if you do the other thing— : ine would suppose that tbe 123

      fir't ¦ occupants were to bold their tenements for nothing ; why . » l ll () t Mr . Gay know that whou located , we . could mortgage or sell the land subject to the conditions of our leases , and > o go on buying , sub-dividing , and locating , until all were provided fur ? ( Cheers . ) The fact is , that tlie charm of our plan co . sists in the fact , that while we - secure comfort siKd independence for the members , we a ! 3 o secure the success of the project by demandbip ! ratlw-v a high than a low rent for what we do give . ( Chews . ) Now , for instance , wo » ive two acres of tand tUatcost £ 3710 s ., a bouse that costs £ 80 , and . £ 15 capital , that is , £ 82 10 a . worth for £ 5 a-year , and w « grot £ 210 s for a share ; and for all th ; it aiich iillotiwnts and buildings cost over £ 82 10 s ., we charge 5 " per cent ; upon the surplus . Now , wliat cw be more simple , aud

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      who but a blockhead can ever pretend to misunderstand it ? ( Cheers . ) We were obliged to establish 'SOmestandard ' oftprice ^ jriaridand'Tdttage ^ mfit would have been precisely , the same if we had adopted £ 18 or £ 60 an . acre . No member joined in the expectation thai , if we gave £ 60 an aero for , land , ' and JSO . upon a cottage , that lie was to get two acres of that . land and , a cottage , and £ 15 , lor £ 5 a-year ( Cheers . ) " JNorare we bound to the capricious prit-o of £ 18 168 . ' an acre , or to £ 30 tor a . hmne ; what we are bound to is , tho honest , prudent , and profitable expenditure of the funds . ( Cheers . ) N <>«\ I trust that 1 have taken the bandage off Mr .. Gay's eyes , and that he will be saved from the precipice , and not fall into the hole on his Way home . ( Uliesrs '<

      Mp .. Gay again came , forward and said , —It ' s all very weL for Mx . O'Connor to expose mv ignorance and amuse the meeting . ( A voice : " Aye , and at your expense- too ; " laughter . ) Well , ., at my expensc ; but I did . not think Mr . O'Connor would condescend to answer me bv mere abuse - ( he ( lulnt ) or that he could afford to di-al in ^ personalities ( Mr . O'Connor : Nonsense , flldliot . ) , Well , then , . lam not convinced . ( LfliHiter . ) Mr . O'Connor is obliged to- confess thut the rulos cannot be adhered to . ( Mr . O'Connor I am

      not . ) Does he not now say , that if the laud and house and £ 15 costs more tfeun £ 82 IQi ., that the occupant must pay an increase of live per cent , upon the surplus . ( A voice : And so do ilie rules . ) Weil , well ; can he do what , he has promised—^ ivo a house ' £ 15 , and two acres of ground , for £ 5 a year ? ( Mr . O'Connor : Yes , at the stipulated prko . ) It is be cause Mr . O'Connor has admitted that many pooi persons have pawned their all that I consider it i » j dntv to ' eiiutiuii them j and now V . » iun 1 ask Mi > ^ 'Coi "ner where the means an * iniutmt- IVom in In .

      c it * 1 ? . xo . \ observe , vvhen the land is cmce leased for fj' ' . the piiidiaser cannot raise the' rent - ( ' H * i , hour , " from Mr . O'Connor)—and lie wo .. . tflfc 3 whether your holdinji iswonh £ 10 , i-r only £ 2 . ( Oh , oh !) And at the scale of price and renttl » t I iave exhibited , it will take rather better than .. urty < even yoars to complete . onu Ideation . Laughicr , Now , I have , not yet b . cn satislied upon thi-ie pu . nts , arid Mr . O'Connor lws admitted that others a well as ' myself hnvo . been doubtful . Mr . U'Coxnor : Rcullr , I never . heard such nonsense . ( Cheers . ) Mr . Gay has put three must alisiid quest bns to nie , or rather he has repeated ' Uine must iviwuvd notions , and asked me io answer them . Firstly , ho gays that it will taku 47 yeavs to ' loGatotme

      section : secondly , . that it will eosl ; £ 117 to bring " in £ . 5 . - i year ; and thirdly , that we shall bo nothing thn bettci- lor ihc' increased improvement ; by labour . 1 will go backwards with iiimT-hcknow . s ' nothiuj ; wliaiever of l ; inil , or oi' the question . ( Hear , . hear . ) ile says that it makes no diffvi-cuce to , the uuieluisn-r whether the holding is worth £ 1 or £ 5 , after he has bought it at a certain rent . Now , observe , lor this is the very question— -suppr . se that house and gardi n is , worth , antl' barely' worth , £ 5 . n year , a purcha .-cr will not give more than 20 years' purchase , or £ J 00 for it ; but suppose the rent forever is £ 5 a yeiir , aid the tehiiiit has niadu ' it worth £ & . ' & pui-eluweiv w ill yive 25 years' purchase ; or £ 125 for tlie £ 5 s > ecnn"l l > y £ S v ; ihie , and supiitiso'liehas' made it worth £ 10 a

      year , and that £ 5 a yea ^ of . that only is to b « so '< l , a purciiasur will givis' 33 years' purchase . or . £ 105 iiir the £ 5 a year secured ' like the funds by . the invirt-ascU ' value . . ( Loud cheers . ) ' Now , there is an answer to the fbolfch . objervat-io ' n tliat industry { jive ' s ho benelit to tlio . society . TJien again with Mr . Gay ' s wilcula .- ' timibf 47 yeara , will Go tell us . where , he / finds his data . ( Laughter . ) Why docs he not p ' roposu a pla-. i ? Now , 1 c ; m but auswur that by the simple undertaking to locate every incmb ' tt'of'section No . 1 within C years , ov to have insured their location within that period . ( Ijoud cheers . ) Now * i ' the liist abstiidily , whii ; h 1 answered befi > re . Of course , it wo give all this and thnt and the other , and j ; ive £ 20 instead of £ 15 , and £ 7 for-a . liaise instead of 10 a ., wo should fail ,

      but then here is just the hitch . The rules say noth'iriptof the kind ,. tlioiigl ' . Mr . Gay doe . ^ . Nor do we intend to do anything of the kind . ( Cheers . ) Has Mr . Gay ever heard of Insurance Companies , Oa : ml companies , mining companies , Joint Stock Buiikii . g-Companies , ' Railway Companie ' v , and Steam Navigation companies- ; and docs he not know that they all malic fofdirics by co-operation of non-productive lahour , while we will presume that a co-oper : iti :. u ol productive labour muse fail . ( Cheers . ) ' ' 1 'lie ' cultivation of-the soil is productive labour , making Suveieiiuis in uon-productivc labour . I luivo ad . mitteil ihat we charge £ 5 a year for what costs £ S 2 10 s ., ami- of that . we ' get £ 2 10 s ., but then la-re is the value . - In this verv neighbuuiliODd hibourer . s

      pay £ G lOa . for two romns , without £ 15 or an inch of < j ) -ouml , or a lease . ( Cheer 3 and ' more . ' ) Well , then , rious it damage a man to get the two acres ' of'lariil , £ 15 , and a lease of the land we stipulate , for £ 1 10 . < . leas , ( Cheers , ) The fact is , that nothing can be donu for the poor man . ( Cheers . ) Tlieie ' was a time when estates in Scotland waa valued according to tho number of men upon them , but now they are valued-by this clearance sjsiem . Here , take flt-rringagste , j ' wmwly worked hy perhaps two » ien , ai . il now the labcur of 35 will be applied to it every day in the year , better man 70 hired labourers , as uvery one will work for himself ; Nonrin two years the rrsorva ' rents of those holdings would sell like quit rents ( or 40 years' purchase , as sucliholiinss will be ' wurih

      three tunes as much as the rent , ami the rent only can bBhoid . ( Great cheering , ) Although we chitrgv £ o ayclir for ' what costs £ 80 in reality , yet if a poor man has £ 80 , or £ 180 , he could not &et , such a thing ; tlit-re is to market lor such a thing . Mr . U'Cun : or ihuti showed how many geuUemtm , ami espcciiillT parsuns , had sub-divitlcd land wonh £ 2 anacie into ullutmcnts , an < l got at the rate ot' ± 20 and £ 30 an acre tor it , and that not one ot ' the holders would give his allotment for even double thut great rent . ( Oiict-rs . ) Well n . / W what 1 say Js this , that what we givu tov' £ 5 a year is worth , weil worth , £ J 0 ' a ye . ir , iir . d in a siiort time it will tic seen—not one man in GOOD will or can-fail , and if all should fail others uill pay to try the uxperiinent— ( laughti'r )~ so -thij " market is there . Mr . 0 'Connor then gave the oppressive

      pars ns or farmers a woeful scour ; jiusf , which many pre .-ent seemed to feel , and said , what 1 want is to tiuvc lire niit-Cera looking after one man instead of 40 meti louking after one master . ( Ciieers . ) I tell Mr . tiay that he would not dare to offer tl . is ricliculuu . opposition to the men in tho north who understood tiiu plstn , audits we have many tlwuzund . % 1 will ; u their wisdom and capability of jiulpiug how to lay out their pence against Mr . Gay ' s judgment—( Cheers)—A working man who has earned his money hardly , thinks well belV-re he parts with it , and all those coiiuniiruiiH have been mooted and refuted . 1 did not say that others of his eiass were doubtful about , the success , what I said was that some free traders who dread comfortable labour had expressed some misgiving but that was thegreatest compliment to the plan . ( Loud cheers . )

      Mr . Gay . —lam not convinced yet . ( Laughter . ) Mr . O'Connor has said-thatu-Bcction will beluvutec in six years but that is only assertion . 1 say fortyseven jeara . ( Laughter . ) lie asks me why 1 don ' t pr <> pt » e a plan nijaeif . —1 HaVE A ¦ ¦¦ PLAN —( roars of lau » liter , aud 'now its all out' )—but 1 am not goiiiy . to pi'opi . uiul my uhui until the duta is nil arranged , ami until it Umatured . ( Laughter . ) i d n ' t know whether Mr . U'Connor has convinceU you , buc he has not eonviuml me , and if you hold up your hands for his . plan it will not prove that you ueliuve ituractfcuble , but ueuuuse'ho has move eUiquence -than 1 have . Still 1 don ' t see how with only £ 15 , 000 paid up , Mr . 0-Uouuor tun'locate OUUV-at £ 137 each , lshtmld uut ' hiivu cutne lure at all it' i Had hog been dared ,

      1 nm wilting tu stop till to-morrow night tu uuaoiuuc the iliseiibsi 4 ii . ( Ulieers . ) Air . O'Con . vok . —Now really it is too had to hear this thrice repented nonsense repeated uguiu and again . It mine is mere assertion that 1 will Joc .-itc them in s'x \ ears , what is Mr . Gay ' s but assertion . Suppose I si » y that 1 will go to London to-morrow by Watlurd , it is ' but insertion till it is done ,. but I have weKhed it and 1 will now astoui-h Mr . Gay . If 1 had a loan of £ 20 000 instead uf raising it in shares , 1 could locattt 1 , UUU or any uumber , and repay the capital with inturu . se wlit-iiall Hero located —( great ciiccwng )—««« . - ' I will tell him now ihat in less than uw > yeai's , an ailotmtnt will sell for over £ 200 above the lent , ami more limn that . ( Cheers . ) Still he gow on in tho dark as if wo wcru jioiui' to give thu wiiolc £ 13 , 000

      amoiig the tir » t 128 occupants , while tliu fact is that ihe- ' pian depends upon stliing as well as buying , aud then lie says , that 1 can only build oiionc location in cue year , 1 can on 2 i— ( cheers)—ami will —( cl . x-ers )? iiud lie appears to forget that the first is always tho most dilHcult . That is tlie rule to guide ' us , that done and nothing can » wp u »; one thing hwwevor iscwrtain that the funds will Ou applied to tlusir lojjitinmte- ' purpose .- ( Cheers . ) New 1 hope I lutve taken the bandajje off Mr . Guy ' s ejes , aud that ho will not tumble , in the ' 'precipice- ' or into the U » Lo on his « a . y back . —( Clieeis)—and iu order to satisfy him 1 shall j ) vupusc : i \ ury sweef , ittg resolutiya , first obiwviug tkit to you tlus is but . thu A . 1 > . G . » f the platv .. It would requiru many fessciis toiuakevou undcrstaud it Sho - vouijbly , my resolution , is , . . ' . .

      Itesulved , tliat . this meetiug , liaviii ); iearrt th )> j ) rjiicijjle . s of tk ' u laud l'lan t'Xiiiainc-d bjr Jliv O'Cimuur , is of iij / mi'Mi tluittila ^ -jjlun is i ' eusible , : > uU m ^ v bu suei-essi ' iill } - Cairied ui \ tty , a& luiii down in the rules ; hut nc are lurikui uf ojiuiju . tliat it is llicvery liustpluu everiiroposed tor scuuui ' . K uomtuit uuil iudejiendcncu to thu working

      .. ( LouutiUcers . ) Mr- Gat . —Well , 1 will second that with great pieasum ; . ( Roars nt'laughter . ) ¦ & \ i \ kJWiix « GU , bucclier , of Ilickinanswortlt , a lii ^ liiy respucuble and intelligent person , who , with vtliuif . ul' thy sumo das ? , paid tlie greatest attention throughout , asked . Mr . O'Connor how a man could support hiiHsuiy and his l . uiiily upon two acres' ol ' ground ? " Mr . O ' Connou aaid he wai glad toiNave such questions put to him by such persons , < mt ! . proceeded to show how in ninny * instances it had li ; i « jn tried and succeeded ; and further , that he would rather pay £ 10 a year for a ^ houso and two acres of his own , than be insured £ 1 a week at full employment every day in the year . lie fnrthcr said , that tradespeople , having a tew thousand pounds ! may , by bringing laud

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      into tlie retail market tu unit tho lrilmuri : i | eludes jnake ^ i ! n , per , cetj ^ ho ' relidftrnyjfinei ^ If MivSw annell'was- ^ a ! sincere' tt-t-totiiiler , he wuuld be 8 l--id ti ) ieiru thai out of nearly £ 12 , 000 pai-. l up , fully JJ 8 . 00 D , or ; ti ) tv . e-founht > hw ) Ijeen snatched lrom the « in palace aud the . beer-shop —( Ibut ? ciieers ^ —as , the moment tin ; market win opened , the ilrunkard saw His hope of redumptios . The fir . s =-princip e . gemlemen said it was wrong to buv what of right belonged to ihu people ; but he ( . VIi-. O"Connor ) begged to remind them , thlffc if the common land blonged to them and was stolenthe hiiu-cthe

      e , .. £ lo , tho gravel i-Oad , thu well , thu improved state , the etw ) pci'atioii , ar . d the selmul , 1 J :. < 1 not bUUII ^ t <>! en troni them ; and ; all . those , thints this phvu pi '( . p , )« . -d to "ive them in an improved stale . ( Loud cliL-c-rs " . ) Mi- Gat then essiiyed . to speak . auaitist" the resolution which he IikiI seconded , amidst some confusion , anil erica of " Your plan . " ; . iid" vom- ' e ilonu . " Atjjlcn ^ tli it was put by tlie eluikniar ) , whin every hand in the meetiii" appeaie ioHfe in its fiiv . mr , which , howuvcr , was not the case , as upon the c < miraiy be ! n _ ' put , tln-oo liaiuis \ ¥ or < i lkbld UJ > : i ^ . ' . ir . rft it . The show was f ' . illoived by loud t-lieers and clap , ping of hands . ... .

      Mr . O'Cos . vob then said—Now . I move , a vote of thanks to A ( r . Guy , for having smvud the land plan in this district more by his opposition than I could hope to do by his support ( laughter ) . Mr . Gay—Nj , I will ' n » t accept . the compliment . I propo . o , as an amunc ' iuunt , a vote of thanks to the chairman for his very praiiswurihy and imyar * tial condmt , seconded by'Mr . O'Connor , and carried iiiiaiiiiiKnish-. After Which tiie mcotiut : broke lip , jjiwinj . tlu-eu elitcra f . » - tlie Land ; rtl ' . d llll V'Ct » i ; ed aku » t . ten o ' clock , ' hiahlv <} eii-ht « l with tlio li'Jtimpli achieved by Mr . O'C . mnw over his opponent , ' and nothing Lt ' u . jw spoken of in the di 3-tl'let but the L ; iml i . laii and' thu Chartists .

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      ^ BSBOBaesmMwaeiRrBm FJNSBU 11 Y LITKRAUY AND SCIENTIFIC JNSTJTUTIuxN . The openiiij ; oftliis Institution , in Fredericlt' street , Goswell-road , was < m - 'Pupsilsiy nijiht cvli-briitcd by a wire , sit whiuh about 2-3 U p . 'i ' smis of both soxeaivere present . . ¦ ¦ ¦ ' ¦' ¦ ' ¦ : Tlie Cliair wns * o Iwivoljccn taken bv T . Waklev , E . « q ., fine of tlie Members lor the borough ; but in Consequence of the piTssare of professional and parlinmoufcrtiy duties , ho Wits uunvoidabl y absent , and \ V . D . Sstull ,--Esq .. oat-upicc ) hi 3 : > l .-icn . ' A letter waa reisoi >•<•¦ : IVum 'L ' . S . Duncoinbe , E ^ q ., the other Meml'er (" or ( ltd lioroiiffft , statin / iiis . < - <> a ~ cuvrenec in the t » lg »« cts of the institution , hst ri'grtl ' tin » th : it important bu . 'irtoss in the House uf Commons preveiit « d his person !!) ¦ attendance . : After tea itiul culleu had been abniKiantiy snpplictl tothucomnanv ,

      1 he Ciiaiuman in a brief audress expressed 'his nkivsure at uitnessing so numerous iind rt'speetnble an assembly , congri ^ atetl f « r so noble and useful r . u objcot as tlie rlirtu . itnn onicerary arid scientific kiuiivlodge . Ile was happy to assist , at the opening of such an Institution , snul hoped that similar ' establishments would rapidly-multiply , lie - ' regretted' that tlieir expected'Cbnirmun , Mr . Wnkley , was ubt present , but though not so able in his advocacy of the duty and hem-fits to be derived from the extension of popular instruction , he-was not less sincere . — ( Cheers . ) . '¦ ¦• ¦

      The SKCttKT . mY reai ! the report of the Committee , explanatory » f the ( ern-s on which tho institution had been procured , ,-uk ! th-.- objects contemplated by its founder : '' , wiijch were , tn secure to the working classes a place wherein they may b « enabled ( oact for themselves in carrying out those principles which the present ago of progress requires at their hands . Secondly , ' to render th- approach to the privilcjics of the institution accessible to nil , by pressing as little as possible upon their ¦ present limited re .-or . rceg And tiiinliy , by strictly kccpiiij ; aloof from sect and party , pi-li ' . ic ; ii or religions—to endenvimr to shun

      these grwit impt-diments , wiiiclt have fcvt-i ^ bcen found in the road to i ^ pi-ovt-ment—to allow J Veedonx of thought and opiiiii ' n on all mutters , wittmut identifying themselves with any particular party , dogma , or doctrine—to tread tho paths of science ' , seeking diligently ib ; - truth , wherever it may be found demonstrated by experience : > ml sound evidi-nei-, and by the possession *> f such atquinmerit , ( ndi-ayour to leiidoutthi ; iiumnn fr < cuitk-K moral , inti'lln-tunl , nnd physical , to a ; i inifrcivca stute of exi > tcnre . To eflect this by the formation of classes i ' w » ffoi'ding instruction . cleitH'nt .-ii-vas well ; is themnra nnviinced

      ( stages of education—by-lecture * on inonil , philosophical , ami scicntiiic . sulijeccs—bv the establishment of a library and reading-room .-. Dr . £ prs , in an able ami eloquent address , pro * iqsedthefii'Ktmtiiiuent . whiuh was ,- ** -TIui Finsbury Literary and Mechanics' Instilut ' n n , may it lie hi-trainenta ; ift tducaling anil clcvatinj ; the character of the working classes , by making them familiar with . the f ' netaiif flience , by alfoniiii Hum tadli'ics for the ncquifiilion'Of knowledge ,-and by the cultivation of a taste for superior and inu- ' iUctuat enjuyiucnts . May its success '( aud that of all similar institutions ) be proportioned to Us iisufulm ss nin ! ju »^ i- lain > io public support . " ile trusted that having adopted 30 large a title , their an-ai-gei-neiiis tor iinpai-iint ; instruction , and advancing the cause of popular " education , av . ulil l ) Bcojnn-i (! iisuval « s will ) il . 1 I « rtjoiced

      to see sue !) institutions multiplying on many grounds . It was a mutter of complaint that the people were liable to be imposed u ; - < iti \< y prt-Cuuders to scientific kuou'lcuyo . J lie ojilv v . -: iy to cure th ; it evil was togive them sound instruction , they would tlien be abletodetecl at once all impostors , of whatever class they might be . —( Cheers ) Th « ignorance of the masses at present cnnjititutt-d their slr ' tingimkL- * ( Hear , hear . ) That ignorance had also been the most for * midable obstacle to the reception of great truths and the advanc « of works of public utility . Them was scarcely a single discovery which liiid for its ' object , the plj . 'sic . 'J , . "oci'il , « nd inti'J . ' fcrunl intprovrint-nt oi our race which had not been bitterly opposed , and their authors persecuted—many of them to death , either by neglect or nosisive martyrdom . —( Hear ,

      hear , ) I > y the general difi ' u-. imi of sound scictitific knowledge that great obstruction'to progress tonld alone be removed , kt Hum only think h-ow many yoiiis the present eenuratimi wire behind -what they miglifc have been-had such obsiructioris . not existed ^ and the same would ajmlv to tin ; cojninjr iicncration , who would inherit troiu shein the legacy oi' ignorance . and evil bequeathed to tlio past , -The-Learned Duc' to ' r illustrated this position In reference to the ttppositiim experienced by Dr . Jen ' uer the anthov of vaccination—Wi ' mor the invuntor of "as , and various other examples of a similar character . Another reason was , that the . scientific . knowledge among the working classes wou d react upon tho m-ofessionally scienti .. fie classes , and ui-jje them to rn : il-: < : greater . i'if » i't 8-t keep a-head of the masses ; tints establishing a higjj

      general atandnrW of knowictij ; o ; so that actuaUv i _ li- ; iniiiiL' tht-mselvesthe labouring chisses were i ' oruin those above them to learn nlso . —( . Hear . ) ThS speaker , after sibly illustrating tho variims point 0 " mooted In his address , conclude . ! by expiusaum hi * regret at being . compelled to have before the ci .-neluSsion of their proceedings , and lift : is a sulw-titiitf fohis presence " The Journal uf Health andD i * case" a a present to > the library . *• Air . \ V . FARitKB . jun ., propoioil thenextsontiment ,. " The Friends of Nation £ ducatiun and Pojutlar Progress . May they be eiico-. u- ; i « e-l in their efforts . Uy the sytapatky and htisivty un- «]) eration of thu people—the success of past exi'stions—antl by the certainty of the ultimate OHt » lwisl : mt'tit of these principles ; " which ' . uis support-ail by Mr . Thumb in aa animnti'd sueoah .

      Charles- \ 4 acaay , Ef q . ^ liL . D ., was-rcceivt-d with great applause . At thai iate liour of the night ,. and being , h stranger among tliem , he would best discharge the duty coinmitsaii to him by hciu ^ brief in his ob .-ervations , thi < u ^ h . the tciitimeiit he . ha . d to propose was a tt-inptiiifi anil an important one . He was delighted with all he . had witnessed of tliuir pvoeei'dings and anticiptud gri'iit hi'iielits from the growth and increasis af ancli . ir ^ titutions . ( . Hear , hoar . ) .- The sentiment lie halite submit was , " Themission ot the Press , may it bo fnllj acv < mpli ! ibA > il hy protecting llie -uieak uiul dvlvnculuss . ngaius-t tn » just power anil inV . ninitnity , V-y ailvocalvng tl »« j ; -. » .-at princ % iles ol trubh , justice ami libfs-ty , in every position of the ha ' Ditabli- globe . " ( Gyi-atchwsiii !; . ) Sisek eeutimcut aould not bu dismissed witlioui M'ino observations , liowover Ivrit !' . Thc . pvesa and its tnissie « was one oi" tlio grandest sml ^ ecls for U « n \ : iHV 0 ieo ov pen . For che hist 46 ftyears , since the press had

      started into life , more iu'o » i'i * s iiail boon made than in all the thousands . of yeavk which had pieceiieil them in iko history (> f oar race '— ( ehoers)—and it w » s not Utopian to believe ' that th-j giililai " aji > which poets in c- ! deu tttnos had sung , of ,, and " the i'lil'anthropists of the present to '• ardcu ' tly desired , v . ou . d yet he realised through its ifsiruuieiiiiility . ( C'i ;« 'ts . ) Look at a small State in " tlioei . ntie i-f Eur » - -v- ' wl-. u-U had n

      individual instances of abuse miuht have mavviii us great and holy work , fis a who !<; U h « d nobly performed it , and would continue to do so . ( U > v . a applause . ) ' ,. ' ., ,. Mr . G . BinxiEv supported the . sentiment , which , like its ravdeecssovs , was unanimously adoptca . Mr . R Baktsn . B . A .. in a ' short address , moved tlie adoption of . Xhc next and hist sentiment , ? itio principles of universal peace , ' ! which was also qmRcn tq'b ' y . Mr . lIslyoako . ¦ - The proceedings of the evening were enlivened by the scrvicesof a corps of vo « . liSi * . compn « ns Messrs . lioborts Forleseue , Mny . Daniels , snd Sherwood , and the whole appeared to give grant satisfaction to the numerous audience .

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      JW-T&' 1846 , TJA ^ , NORTHERN STa R . V i ir ^^^^^^ - *** * " **——»—*———»»«————»»^»^—<

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), July 25, 1846, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1376/page/5/