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Northern Star (1837-1852), 4th July 1846, Edition 1 of 3, Page 7, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      " And I will . war , at least in words , _ . .,.. ,. .... ( Asd—should my chance so happen—Seedi , ) With all who war with Thought !"

      « I think I hear a little bird , who sings The people hyand by mil be the stronger . "—Bxww . REVELATIONS OF RUSSIA . * SO . i-A few years ago , an attempt was made by certain politicians to excite an anti-Russian agitation in this country . TJho . habt , Attkood , of Newcastle , and two or three fourth-rate Char&t agilatois , went through the country creating a terrible pother respecting the

      alleged ambitious designs of Russia . It was asserted { hat everywhere Russian influence was all paramount , aot excepting even the British government , in which the autocrat had his paid tool . The individual thus designated was Lord Palmersios , whose impeachment was demanded , his accusers asserting that they had proofs of his treachery , which would snfficeto warrant the shaving of him so close that he would never need to wear a wig . In fact , his head was called for , as the betrayer of England , and the paid slave of Russia .

      With some sound views , the originators of this movement most beautifully organised their own failure by iadulging in the grossest exaggerations as to the power and designs of Russ ' a . Their exaggerations first caused men to doubt , and ultimately to reject the entire oi their statements ; and thus Russia was most effectually served by the very means intended to injure her . The "Foreign Policy Movement , " as it was called , finding no supporters amongst the aristocracy and middle class , its originators turned their attention to the Chartist party , —the only party possessingTenthusiasm , and moved by patriotic inspirations , —but this party , with the exception of the two or three fourth-rate agitators , a'so rejected the "new move . "

      They saw at the head of the movement men who , for the most " part , were supporters of the existing order of things in this country , and who , while clamouring against foreign despotism , were nevertheless opposed to home freedom . The people wisely said , " If yon are in earnest , help us to get political power , and we'll soon settle accounts with the Russian despotism ! " This the " foreign policy" men would Dot do ; the Chartists , therefore , opposed their movement as a fcaad and a delusion , intended to attract public attention from domestic grievances . The result was , therefore , a triumph for the Russian despotism , which , no donbt , witnessed with no small satisfaction this discomfiture of its foes caused by their own folly andjshort-sightedness .

      The cause of freedom and progression in Eastern Europe was materially injured instead of aided by the "Foreign Policy Movement . " The duplicity and exaggerations of the actors in that movement implanted in the breasts of the English democrats suspicions and prejudices which are but now wearing away . The rapid dissipation of these prejudices and suspicions has been chiefly brought about by the recent events in Poland , aided by the light which during the past twelve months has been , although bnt partially , shed upon the eondition of things in the unhappr countries subjected to the sceptre of the Tsar .

      It is therefore under favourable auspices that we engage in this inquiry into the internal condition of Russia , and an examination of the resources of its gigantic despotism ; and surely no subject can be more interesting to every friend of humanity and to every English reader . To every friendgof humanity , because involving the present condition of one-twelfth of the whole human race , with the prospect that that number will be greatly increased , nnless the progress of the Russian despotism be checked . To every Englishman , beeause we shall have to estimate the strength of an empire next in magnitude and power to that of the

      British isles ; an empire with which there is too good reason for anticipating England will one day have to contend in deadly strife , if not in defence of oppressed nations , at any rate in defence of her own material interests ; fortunately in defendiag the latter she cannot fail to most signally serve the former . "We do not , however , despair that when the conflict does come it will be not so much for the sordid object of territorial possessions or trade advantages , as for the nobler one of emancipating fallen nations , who naturally look to England as the pioneer of progress and the champion of a principle directly the opposite of that embodied in the Russian despotism .

      Hitherto Russia has not only remained unknown beyond its superficies , but , what is Vorse , has been misrepresented , wherever an attempt has been to penetrate it . At length in these volumes we have Ihe evidence of a writer whose depositions are "Ute result of an extent of personal observation on his part , or of infor mation coltectui i > y Jbxo . on the spot , hevond Hie oppof iunities aforded to the mere traveller . " At last , therefore , we have something like the truth , and that

      truth discloses so appalling a picture of Muscovite despotism , and , at the same time , the innate weakness of that despotism , that we are compelled to regard as the most sacred and Indispensable of duties , the aiding the author in making public , to the utmost possible extent , the astounding information which he has so laboriously gathered , and so nbbly committed to the wings of the press ; that press beneath whose censure the all-potent Kichous winces in impotent rage .

      That nearly all travellers visiting the Russian empire have been more or less mystified , as to the actual State of the country , is undoubted ; and this is not surprising , when it i 3 remembered that Russia is , jar excellence , the country of deceit . —The Emperor deceives his people , his agents deceive him , and the people turn their utmost ingenuity to deceive their -Espsror ' s agents . There have bean such things in Russia as villages built tiji uf boards ; like stage scenery in the distance , in

      desolate districts , which an aniocrat has said shall be peopled ; sets of sleek and smiling peasants , with all thtir household comforts have . been driven a few posts in advance of a Russian sovereign , all ready to be surprised at an aimadact meal , ia homes which they had inhabited bnt an hour . There 5 s at the present day , in most kitchens of government establishment ? , a mess of troth , always kept warm , of which the emperor tastes when playing Pcier the Great , and "seeing all with his on-a eves , " he surprises it with a visit !

      The author of thi 3 work is actuated -by no prejudiced antipathy against the Russian people ; on the contrary , in no work that we have read have we seen the Russian people so advantageously depicted . ^ Neither does he indulge in idle declamation against the " ambition " of Russia , he judges that ; ambition according to its results , and ' , finding those results opposed to the happiness of the greatest number , he CGndemns it . Indeed he shows , that the Russian despotism is destructive not only of the happiness of the greatest number , but of all , with the exception of the one throned . Moloch , and his rapacious agents .

      There is no national , no Jiassian interest ; there is only the Interest of the house of Romanoff . Russia is a mere possession of the emptier and his family ; it is a vastand important one , but the time is looked forward to when it may become comparatively insignificant . It Is therefore obvious that its interests as a nation may lie at vatiaace with , aud sacrificed to those of its possessor . The Russian is the only sovereignty in the world where the advantage of the governed and the governing , blind as ihe latter may often be in perceiving it , are not indissolublj identified , The Kussian cabinet is a collection of servants who have no object bat to serve

      a master , and to carry out bis designs ; it is influenced ty none of the contradictory interests which distract a constitutional ministry . Tie terror oi its vicinity , and of a power which looms still more gigantic in its indistinctness — the patient and enduring foresight of its intrigues , which play off the fears of petty states against private interests—enable it to make that silent progress wiich , without obtruding itself on publicity , bocomes startling and incontrovertible when our attention IS directed towards it . Daring a time of profound peace , Russian influence gains ground , and she conquers , not because of the power Ehe " does possess , " but of that which she is " thought to possess . "

      The suspicion of his subjects which the late King of Sweden entertained to the last gave Russia all the ascendency at Stockholm that it was possible for her to possess in a constitutional country . In Prussia , her present sovereign , led away by lus fears for bis Rhenish provinces , aud the hope of being able to walk alone when lie diould have obtained that ascendency over the pettj German states which he hoped to dispute with Austria , snfered into a strict alliance ( so repugnant to his natural

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      feelings and personal antipathies ) with the Russian cabinet : he has surrendered himself as Faust to Mephisto pheles ; coil after coil winds arouud him , and compromise ? Ms position in that civilized Europe in which he would have wished to play the liberal leader , whilst * retaining the power and the sweets of despotism ; and its Byzantine craft , must smile as it sees the very advantages for which he prostituted Mb obeisance and dignity escaping from his expectant grasp into its own ; for whilst the sovereign of Prussia leaned for support on Nicholas to take a prominent lead amongst the German states , in theTisUmary hope of uniting and heading ahomogeneous German peopie . Kicholas himself , by marriages , intri gues , and bribes , has made that progress for his own interests , to effect which the Prussian cabinet sold itself to him . feelings and personal antipathies ) with the Russian

      These silent advances may easily be denied ; a small portion only of the subterranean march can ever be adduced in evidence . A little while back the Zollverein and the severity of the Prussian censorship , which did not allow the publication of articles against Russia which it would even have permitted against its own government , where the only ostensible proofs of Russian influence ; we have since seen Prussia submit to the bitter hu-niliation of acceding to the emperor ' s imperious demand of expelling the Polish refugees . We have seen the government of Sweden—Sweden , the country where hate of Russia is imbibed by the child with its mother's milk—refusing to admit the Polish

      exiles . Has not the influence of Russia been recently powerful , and hardly yet defeated , in the Morea ! Is it not still in Turkey a hundred times greater than the terror of her real strength can warrant ! Has not Russia been making progress to obtain a family interest in the reversion ' to the Danish throne—that interest which a powerful state may expect to gain over a feeble one through family connexion , but which is now felt to be nnattainable through the alliance with great princely homes ; Nicholas has one child married to arcjeton of the Jfapoleons , another to thepresumedheirto thethrone of Denmark ; intermarriages with the families of pettj German states have comprised the Other alliances of his

      house . There are those who , admitting the oriental despotism of the Russian government , look upon Nicholas as one of those vigorous reformers who , by stern and energetic means , abolish great abuses , and pave the way to the happiness of a people by acts harsh and unjustifiable , Vho consider him the man fit to rule over and regenerate his semi-barbarous people . The terseness of this not very original judgment has always , whenever itihas been applied in history , been greater than its truth . It was not tyranny and cruelty -that redeemed from barbarism the inhabitants of Attica and Italy , and they can nerer be necessary instruments of such reform .

      On the other hand , Nicholas is rendering the lot of that portion of the human race inhabiting his dominions every hour more miserable . His tyranny , if not greater , is more organized and more complete , than that of his predecessors . It is the savage who has borrowed the knowledge of anatomy and surgery to torture more effectively . His system is , to crush down all beneath him to the same ignoble level , to fetter thought , speech , and mind , and to degrade the races now beneath bis rule , as well as those over which he is striving to extend it , to the condition of the Chinese , but Chinese drilled , disciplined , and pipe-clayed .

      We must defer till nest week our Author ' s mas . terly sketch , personal , political , intellectual , and moral , of the great Muscovite Moloch . We should state that the present is the third edition of this valuable work , a sufficient proof of jts extensive sale and popularity in this country ; while in Russia itself , a correspondent of the Athenaum writing from St . Petersburgh states that he has known as much as 500 roubles , or 222 . paid for the mere penisal of these Revelations . Notwith ? tanding its rigorous prohibition , two hundred copies of this work have been simrcgled into Russia by -way of Tiflls , a pleasant fact for the Autocrat to reflect upon , dreading as | he does , a solitary loolc more than a thousand battalions , and trembling before the pen when Tauntingly defying the sword . "Wait a little longer !"

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      SETTLEMENT OF THE OREGON QUESTION . ARRIVAL OF THE HIBERNIA . LIVERPOOL , Sbkdat Night . The Royal Mail steamer Ilibernia , commanded by Capt . Ryrie , arrived here to-day at noon , with 102 passengers , and the usual mail , from the United States and Canada . She left Boston on the 16 th , and Halifax on the 19 th insfe ., and has made the whole Toyage in twelve days . She brings the very important intelligence that the Oregon question had been settled on a secure and satisfactory basis , and a treaty on a basis authorised by the Senate has been signed by ! Messrs . Buchanan and Pakenham . The course of the events which have brought about this desirable conclusion was as follows . On the 10 th inst . the President sent a message to the Fenate , which was accompanied by a

      project submitted to him by Mr . Pakenham as one to which , if the United States government should consent , he , on the part of the British government , was authorised to assent . This proposition was by the President , who it will be remembered , is pledged to 54 . 40 . line of demarcation , submitted to the Senate , and bv them considered or debated with closed doors , on the 10 th , 11 th , and 12 th instant , and that body , by a majority greater than is required for the final ratification of a treaty , has advised him to accept the offered terms , and conclude the treaty . In fact , our latest intelligence , by the magnetic telegraph from Philadelphia , announces that the treaty was actually signed by beth diplomatists , and would besent te the Senate on the 15 th . Of the terms of this arrangement the following are the leading points : —

      1 . The 49 th parallel—' till it strikes the Sound separating Vancouver ' s Island from the main—thence along the centre of that Sound southerly through the Straits of Fuca to the Sea—leaving the navigation of those Straits free to both , and the whole of Vancouver ' s Island to Great Britain ; 2 . The free navigation of the Columbia River to the Hudson ' s Bay Company until the expiration of their present charter—and acknowledging their right of property in the buildings , improvements , ic , which they own south of 49 . There areprobably other stipulations ab * ui a reciprocal use of the ports in Vancouver ' s Island and within the Straits of Fuca ,

      WASHINGTON CITY , UNITED STATES . June 14 . The proceedings in Congress in open session have been quite unimportant since the sailing of the Great Britain , one week ago . In secret session , however , the Srnate has been ensaned on very important business—no less than the consideration of propositions for the settlement of the Oregon controversy , which have been made by Mr . Pakenham , and have been submitted by President Polk for the advice of the SeDate , as to whether he shall accept them , and conclude a treaty thereon .

      The propositions which have been made b y Mr . Pakenham are understood to be—the extension of the 49 th parallel of north latitude as the boundary line to the Straits of Fuca , and thence throush the s * raits around the southern end of Vancouver ' s Island to Great Britain , and the navigation of the River Calunibia to the sea ; together with sundry stipulations relative to the possession of that company below the line of 49 deg ., and any which may belong to the citizens of the United States above that line . These , I say , are understood to indicate the propositions submitted by Mr . Pakenham , although nothing baa been officially promulgated , and the senators are remarkably close and secret in reference thereto .

      These propositions were sent to the Senate by the President on Wednesday , the 10 th inst ., and the Senate were then encaged in a discussion on the bill creating additional Major Generals and Brigadier Generals . The debate was immediately suspended , and the Senate went into secret session , remaining therein several hours , as was the case also on Thursday and Friday , on which latter day the Senate advised the President to accept the terms offered by a vote of 38 to 12 , the remaining six senators being absent , but four of them being known to be in favour of the terms . The number voting in the affirmative , however , 38 , without any of those who were absent , s sufficient to confirm the treaty if all the others should vote against it , 38 being two thirds of 56 , the whole number of senators . The result , however , will show at least three to one in favour of the treaty , instead of the Constitutional number of two to one .

      The news that the basis of a treaty had been sent into the Senate was known in a few minutes after it had been actually sent in , and created very general gratification wherever it was told .- It was immediatel y transmitted by the magnetic telegraph from this city to New York , where it had a very favourable influence on all descriptions of business , because it is generally believed that when the difficulties with England respecting Oregon are settled , it will lead to a speedy settlement with Mexico also . , New Tobk . June 15 .

      I am happy to send you intelligence of the peaceful adjustment of the Oregon question . It was rumoured last weak that the basis of a treaty of settlement had been sent to the Senate by the President , but little confidence was , however , attached to the report , when it was suddenly declared , to the surprise and joy of the whole country , that the Senate , bj an overwhelming vote of 38 to 10 , had authorised the Executive to open negotiations for the ' £ nal disposition of this tiresome dispute . Thus have my repeated assurances of the pacific sentiments of the country been most triumphantly sustained ; and no stronger evidence could be g iven of the perfect knowledge of their interests possessed by the'people of the United States , and of their firm adherence to them , than the decisive influence they have exercised aver their Govern-

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      ment and demagogues . The President erred most egre--iously in his ill-advistd declaration at his entree into office , relative to the entirety of our ; rights over Oregon The absurdity of his statement ? was evident / and the bullying spirit in which it was made has" been most decisively and striking ly rebuked , by the nation .. The settlement of this dispute , which was entangled and inflamed through the contemptible conduct of selfish and unprincipled men , by the dignified . ' interference of the people themselves , whose majestic will has been uttered in the vote of the Senate , is more emphatic than any words , both of the intelligence of our masses and the elevated princip les whichguide them . The sweeping dement and rtpmairoeues . The President ermd mnct . eere .

      nunciations of our enemies respecting our belligerent impulses and savage contempt of the restraints of civilisation are strikingly disproved , and a more formidable argument than ever raised in favour of our institutions and their pacific tendency . It cannetfail to be a subject of general rejoicing with you , that a destructive war has been avoided in a matter indifferent to the feelings of both countries , and that the vast interests of these two nations have escaped the [ fiery * demolition which at various moments threatened them . I may indulge the remark , enpassant , that the altered tone of the English press , employing arguments instead of vulgar abuse , their ancient weapon , has contributed not a little to the satisfactory arrangement of this difficulty .

      The certain effect of a continuance of peaceful relations between England and the United States will be an expansion of trade and an increase of our commercial connections which will surpass any former state of things . Care must be taken on both sides to avoid excess , lest a 'dangerous reaction may ensue , and stagnation again set in , as in 1837 8 . numaniiy may rejoice , however , without bounds , and the civilisation of the nineteenth century boast that it has achieved a greater triumph than all the victories of Napoleon . Public Feeling in New Yobk . —For several days past the public mind has been much excitedRby tie reports in circulation in relation to the settlement of the Oregon question . Notwithstanding the semiofficial source from which these reports emanated .

      there was much doubt about a settlement so immediate as anticipated ; and the uncertainty existing served to keep things rather depressed than otherwise . At an early hour yesterday morning we received a telegraphic despatch from Washington , announcing the fact that tlie Senate had agreed to the proposals presented by the President by a very large majority , authorizing the Executive to form a treaty on the basis proposed . The vote was more than the required two-thirds , and we have no doubt but that many of the absentees will be present when the treaty is sent in for ratification : and there will be without doubt a larger vote in its favour than that taken on the preliminary movement . The effect of this announcement in Wall-street was electrical . The excitment had become intense by the surprise ; and

      when it became known that nil doubt Had been removed , the countenances of all interested in commercial affairs became covered with smiles , and the best feeling prevailed among all classes . The flags of our ships were given to the breeze , and judging from the exultation exhibited , it appeared as though there was a public rejoicing for some brilliant victory . The amicable and satisfactory arrangement of this important question is a victory ; it is a victory of the great commercial interest of this country and Great Britain overlthose few political 'demagogues , who , to advance their own selfish ends , would plunge the two nations into a long and disastrous war ; and it is another evidence of the power and influence of those interests , which are employed in cementing the nations of the world under the most liberal commercial treaties . —New York Herald .

      OREGON QUESTION . The following is an authentic list of the votes in the Senate of the United States , on the question of advising the President to accept Mr . Pakenham ' s proposal : —

      IN SECRET SESSION . —Jpne 12 . On advising the President to accept Mr . Fakenham's Proposition . Yeas , 38 ^ Nays , 12 . TEAS . Archer Evans Pearce Ashley Greene Pennybacker Bagby Haywood Phelps Ben ton Houston Rusk Berrien Huntington Sevier Calhoun Johnson , of Md . Simmons Chalmers Johnson , of La . Speight Clayton , T . Lewis Turney Clayton , J . M . M'Duffie Upham Colquitt Mangum Webster Davis Miller Woodbvidge Dayton Morehead Tulce Six Niles NATS . Allen Cass' Jarnagin Atherton Dickinson Jenness Breese Fairfield Semple Cameron Hannegan Sturgeon FAIBED OFF . Atchison Crittenden ABSENT . Barrow Bright Corwin NOT VOTING . Westcott .

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      TOE WAR BETWEEN TI 1 E UNITED STATES AND MEXICO . In respect to the Mexican war , there is no new fact to communicate concerning the military operations since our last report . The official despatches of General Taylor , announcing the capture of Matamoi as , shew that the Mexican force was retreating hastily towards the interior , having evacuated that town on the eve of General Taylor ' s approach , conveying with them such portion of the munition and ordnance as they could . General Taylor , however , had capturod large stores and many arms , cannon and small arms , secreted by the enemy previous to his departure , but easily found afterwards . The strictest orders , which are strictly enforced , were issued by General Taylor to his army , to treat private persons and property' with entire respect , and that nothing should be taken for the army but upon payment .

      The blockade of Vera Cruz was officially notified on the 20 th May to the authorities , and all others concerned , by the senior officer commanding the American squadron . We make the following extracts from New Orleans papers of the 31 st ult .: — ( From the Picayune . ) The barque Theatus , Captain Merrell , arrived at this port last night from Vera Cruz , which place she left on tiie 20 ' th inst . By her we have received full files of pnpers from Mexico and Vera Cruz , containing 13 days later intelligence , and verbal news of great interest We learn that the United States steam-ship Mississippi , arrived off Vera Cruz on the 18 tSt , bringing the intelligence of the glorious battles of the 8 th and 9 th inst ., but , very wisely , the newB was only communicated to a few Americans in the city . The port was immediately blockaded by the Mississippi and the Falmouth .

      Orders were received by the American citizens from the city of Mexico , directing them to leave Vera Cruz by the 24 th inst ., or retire into the interior . It was expected that our Consul would go on board one of our vessels . On the J . 9 th an American vessel approached the port , and was immediately boarded by our officers and forbidden to enter the port . In the night , however , she succeeded in slipping into port . From all we can gather , the Govern , ment is making the greatest esertiens , straining every nerve to carry on the war with the utmost vigour , and by the most arbitrary measureghad replenished the treasury . The Castle of San Juan de Ulloa , as our last accounts state , was in a perfect state of defence , and the officers in command were confident of being able to repel an attack . They will shortly have an opportunity of displaying their skill in gunnery and forming an intimate acquaintance with our naval force . The contractor for supplies for the Mexican squadron bad been placed under arrest by the authorities .

      We understand that the next demonstration of General Taylor will be upon the city of Monterey . Thia place is about ninety leagues fromMatamoras . and is approached by a difficult road running through an arid and ill-watered country . It is the principal city of the province of Sew Leon , and commands the entrance of the table lands or interior of Mexico , through the passes of the Sierra Madre . To make the operations of the army upon Monterey more secure , if not absolutely certain , General Taylor designs occupying the town of Camargo , about 230 miles by water above Matamoras . To do thi 3 securely it is neceesary for him to have transports of a draft suitable to the navigation of the Rio Grande . Camargo will be the basis of his operations upon Monterey , and this point must be first made the depot of supplies , and entrenched in a sty m ie capable of sustaining a siege .

      It was the design of General Taylor , as we learn , to be at Monterey by the first of July ; but the want of transports to convey his stores to CatnargO , hflfl compelled him to delay further progress in the enemy ' s country till this deficiency is removed . Camargo is situated upon the Bio Grande , and presents an admirable foundation for a display upon the interior , and from Camargo to Monterey is about 40 leagues , or 120 miles . The country lying between that town and Monterey is more fertile than that between Matamoras and Monterey , consequently it is altogether better for the army to proceed from Camargo upon Mon . terey than from Matamoras .

      With a view to expedite the march of the army , Capt . Sanders , who has distinguished himself in the admirable defences he bat constructed about Point Isabel , has been despatched to this city to procure the necessary transports . He is now in the city of New Orleans , but will proceed up the river immediately to supply the deficiency in transports which his purchases here may leave . From the mouth of the Rio Grande to Matamoras vessels drawing four feet of water can run without obstruction ; above that point up to Cimargo there are not more than three feet of water in many places , Steamers of the proper draft can scarcely be got in sufficient numbers here to answer the purposes of an invading army , and , therefore , Captain Saunters will go west to find them .

      Before reaohmg Camargo the army will have to take the town of llejnosa , which is between Matatnoras and Camargo . It is not expected , however , that any defence will be made of such villages ,

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      We append the following extracts from the New York Herald ;—We BODend tha fnttnnn ' ni * Mt .. nn < f » . ~ + i , » »„ .

      i a i :.. r ™ war wiXHipxico . By the recent intelli gence from Vera Cruz , it appears that the severe lessons administered to Arista , and the army under his command , by the Americans , at Palo Alto and Resaca delaPalma . lmvenotprdduced the effect it was hoped they would . On the contrary , Paredes soems determined to carry on the War with the greatest energy . For this purpose , he had at the lastaccoutits from Mexico , resorted to very high-handed measures to replenish his treasury , by compelling the clergy to furnish subsidies , to the amount of ninety-eight thousand dollars per month . While Paredes is taking these measures to sustain hi » administration , symptoms of discontent and revolt are being developed in different quarters . In the soutii particularly , Cencral Alvarez wag carrying on Ms hostile preparations ; and at the last accounts Mazatlan on the Pacific , had pronounced against the existing government .

      Prom these accounts it is clear that difficulties are beginning to surround Paredes , which must sooner or later end in his overthrow . While he must show consistency in carrying on the war with the United States , he is obliged to make the clergy furnish the means . By doing this he will lose his popularity with the most influential body in tbeoountry , without whose countenance and support in an emergency like the present , no administration can stand . By abandoning the war policy , and making preparations for peace his overthrow would be still more certain and rapid . He cannot leave the capital on account of the bad odour his administration is in , caused by the recent defeats .

      The J ? sp ««< adorofthe 2 itb . ult ., published in the city of Mexico , gives a description of the kind of war the Mexican Government proposes to carry on against the United States . It is a guerilla war , no p itched battles to bo fought , but the country to be laid waste , the enemy ' s troops harassed , and all supplies cut off , The Mexicans are well skilled in this mude of warfare .

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      DESTRUCTION OF ST . JOHN'S , NEWFOUNDLAND , BY FIRE . Iivebpool , Toesday . —The Princess Royal steampacket , from Glasgow , has this morninsj brought intelligence of the almost total destruction of St . John ' s , Newfoundland , by an awful conflagration which broke out on the morning of the 9 th of June inst . The Rozelle , Captain Wilkinson , which arrived at Glasgow on Sunday evening , sailed from thence on the 12 th . The alarm was given at half-past eight o ' clock , and numbers of our townspeople mustered immediately in the locality , which was soon indicated by a dense cloud of smoke , and shortly afterwards by the flames bursting ' ortb , an < i mounting far above the roofs of the neighbouring houses . From the long drought tho wooden tenements , of which the street was entirely composed , were

      as dry as tinder and the fire extendedrapidly into Queenstreet , in a ite of all that the fire companies , assisted by the inhabitants , could do to arrest its progress . This was a wide street , and a great part of it consisted of stone buildings , but such by this time was the energy acquired by the devouring element , that doors , window sashef , and the woodwork under the eaves of tho slates took fire , notwithstanding that the engines continued to play on them till the firemen were obliged to retreat from the intense heat . Both sides of this street were shortly on fire down to Water-street . To cross the streeet was the work of a moment , and in a few minutes the premises of Messrs . J and W . Stewart , P . Rogerson and Son , and Boyd and M'Dougall were one maSB of flames . It soon coramuni-•• atea with the oil vats of Messrs . Stewart , and C . F .

      Bennett and Co ., whence columns of flame shot brilliantly upwards , and were carried down tho harbour by the wind , which was moderate at first , but gradually freshened as the day advauced , Mr . J . H . Warren ' s premises and vats caught immediately afterwards on the lower side , while to the westward it soon reached the extensivo premises and vats of Messrs . Rennie , Stuart , and Co ., whence it spread as far as those of Messrs . Newman and Co ., destroying all the intermediate buildings and wharfs ; here , providentially , its ravages to the westward were stopped . From Mr . Warren's premises the fire pro . ceeded with accelerated rapidity down both sides of Waterstreet ; great hopes were entertained that it would be arrested by theiire-break constituting Beck ' s Cove , as the bttiluiiiEs to the east of it on both sides of Water-street

      werebnek and slated . With a view of stopping the fire here , his Excellency Sir J . Harvey , who was early on the ground , ordered the house of Messrs . E . and N . Stab , forming the south-west boundary of the cove , to be blown up . Wo regret to h ave to state that one of the artillerymen who fired the train was killed by the explosion , and another severely wounded . The fire crossed the break , notwithstanding , and ignited the vats of Messrs . J . and J . Kent , and of" Bowring , Brothel's . In the vats of the latter gentlemen , we understand that the fat of no fewer than 25 , 000 seals had been put , and very litle oil drained off . In consequence of this the whole of that block of substantial stores and dwellings , terminating with the extensive premises oi Mr . WJJrlde and Kerr , was almost instantaneously converted

      into one mass of flame , which kindled the other side of the street . The fire-break here was as rapidly passed as the ono before , and the flames ( soon reached the substantial premises of Messrs . Baine , Johnston , and Co ., consuming at the same time the large stone buildings opposite , occupied by Dr . Carson , Mr . Grace , the bookstore of Mr . M'Murde , the Apothccaries ' -ball , and the other buildings te the eastward . The premises of Messrs . E . Smith and Wilson and Co . soon followed , and also Mr . Cliffs wharf , on which a large quantity of boards was piled . The break here was of no obstruction to the flames , and the houses on both sides of the street , down to Messrs . W . and H . Thomas and Co . ' s , extensive premises , were rapidly consumed ; these , and thosa ef Messrs . Barnes and Job , Brothers , and Co . ' s , were soon

      blazing , whence the fire crossed the next break , and the substantial stone premises of Messrs . Hunter and Co . were caught ; the Bank of British North America , above which was the residence of Mr . Milroy , the manager , was immediately on fire , and the premises of Messrs . J . Tobin and Co . followed , wlionco the firo rushed down the street , consuming , with the intermediate buildings , the premises of Messrs . L . O'Brien and Co ., and James Douglas and Co . Her Majesty ' s Custom-house was immediately afterwards on fire , whence the flames extended downwards , destroying everything before them , including the premises of Messrs . Gil ] , Dunscombe , and Harvey , and Robinson , Brooking , and Co ., and proceeded along the beach to the premises of Messrs . Parker and Gleeson ,

      at Magogoty Cove , which wore destroyed , and where at last the firo stopped because it had little more to consume . The flaming embers were wafted by the wind , and set the fish-flakes skirting the base of the hill on fire ; a house was also consumed some distance up the hill , the residence of Mr . Stickley , of the Commissariat , not far from the Hon . Mr . Crowdy ' s house , and even the scanty growth of shrubs round the summit of Signal-Hill , about half a mile from the town , and elevated 400 or 5110 feet above the burning buildings , took fire . The fire was also blown to South-side-hill , and even over it ; and not only were the shrubs on this side on Rre on both Tuesday evening and all Wednesday , but we observed dense clouds of smoke descending from Fresh , water Bay , on the farther side of the hill .

      While the fire was raging in Wator . street , and on the wharfs , itproceeded up Queen-street to Duckworth-street with equal rapidity , and ran along this street , which ib on the same parallel , proceeding upwards to the line of Messrs . Newman and Co . ' s premises , where it stopped at the lane leading from Water-street to Appletree-well . The fire swept everything before it downwards on both sides of Duckworth-street , consuming the theatre at the junction of Gowor-street , but it did not extend up that street . The Catholic church and the episcopal residence in the rear of Duckworth-street were saved with great difficulty . St . John ' s Church , hitherto used as the cathedral of the Church of England , was consumed , wlionco the firo reached the Court-house and gaol , where , from the extent of the buildings , and the largo quantity of timber employed in constructing them , the fire raged with great fury ; one unfortunate fellow lost his life hero . From the Court-house it communicated with the range of three story brick buildings on the south-side of

      Duckworth-street , containing the Commercial-room , Marine Insurance-office , Agricultural Society ' s Musuem , &c , and Wrninc at the same tlmo tu 0 substantial stono liouuo of Mr . Prowse , tho finest private edifice in the town , and the residences of the Hon . Bryan Robinson and of the Hon . W . B . Row , also the residences and offices of several other legal gentlemen . The Congregational Chapel , in the rear of the Hon . B . jRobinson ' s house , was saved by great exertion . The fire proceeded rapidly as far as the Ordnance Store , which was burnt ; the remainder of the Ordnance buildings escaped ; on the lower side of Duckworth . street the houses were burnt as far as the house of Mr . Reid , storekeeper to Messrs . Dunscombe and Harvey . From Duckworth-street the fire proceeded northward oa the King ' g-road to Gower-street , destroying every house on both sides , and about 20 houses beyond the intersection of Gower-street . Along from the theatre to the King ' s road , between Duckworth-street and Gower street , aconsiderable number of building , fronting on the various lanes and streets , crossing from the one to the

      Other , were consumed . About seven o ' clock in the evening the work of destruction may be said to have been completed ; so that in ten hours and a half our town was almost entirely destroyed , and the moon rose in cloudless splendour , throwing her mild light on a homeless population , who stood viewing with intense anguish the smoking ruins of their habitations . Besides the tw men who were killed we have heard of another aged man , who had contrived to save his bed and some valuables , 'and while struggling along to a place of safety with a load too heavy for his strength , fell down and expired . And doubtless accidents have occurred of which we have not yet heard . We

      believe the people in charge of the engines , assisted by the townspeople generally , exerted themselves to the utmost , retreating only when the intense heat compelled them ; and in one case an engine ) jad to be abandoned . The want of water , in situations easily accessible , was much felt , and we are convinced ; that had £ 50 , 000 been expended in bringing water into tho town and distributin it , so that ev <* y street and tone should have fire plugs sufficiently contiguous , the pvesent calamity might have beenfprevented , which hasdeatroyed 20 times that amount , and the town has still to be supplied with water . It ia but justice to his Excellency the Governor to state that he remained in the vicinity of the fire till a i « te hour . We also observed Lieutenant Colonel Law , Major Robe ,

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      and all the other officers of the garrison , actively engaged during the whole day ; tho troops were turned out for the protection of property , on the first alarm , and guards were posted for . the night wherever , it . was . thought necessary ^ Mueh furniture and valuable msrehanJise were burnt that might have'been saved , had it been thought that the firo would have-proceeded so far . ' Several articles were removed two or three times during tke day , and deposited at last in places where they were soon after consumed . Many were engaged in the upper part of the harbour , iu aiding their friends , and when they begat ) to think of their own properties situated farther east , they found that such was the rapidity with which the flames advanced , that they were te © late to save-much . The Nunnery School-house toak fire , it is supposed , from some articles in a state of ignition having been carried .. ^ n . « . nf ^^ . nn . n ., »

      into it . It soon burnt to the ground , and communica ted the fire to Hie Wunnery , which was speedily reduced to ashes . At Messrs . Bowring , Brothers , they put a great part of their goods on board a vessel attheir wharf , which caught fire before she could be hauled out , and all was consumed . Their loss is very heavy ; £ 4 , 000 insured , A cold night succeeded a day erentful to the inhabitants of St . John ' s , and far the greater portion of them spent it under the canopy ef heaven , the open ground in front of Government House down towards G ' ower Street was occupied by numerous family groups sitting beside the portions of their furniture saved from the flames . It was a sad sight to see shivering mothers endeavouring to shelter their little babes and to hush them to sleep ! while the cries of the older ones for food had , In many cases , to be answered by " Wait till daylight , and we shall try to get some for you . "

      Our brethren of the press have suffered heavily ; every printing office in the town was burnt . At the Royal 6 a zctte office part of the type was saved , but everything else , including the press was destroyed . Our able contemporary , the Ledger , lost the greater part of a very extensive OBtnblighment . We understand Mr , Winton ia using every exertion to put the wreck in working order , and we hope to be able to announce in our next that lie will Bhortly resume . The limes saved the press and almost all the materials of their office , and will resume immediately . The Newfoundlander press was destroyed , most of the materials saved . The Horning Post press and part of the materials were destroyed , but the greater part saved . Tho Patriot office lost press and materials . The Star office press and materials mostly saved ; we understand that Messrs . Ryans and Withers , Queen ' s printers ; will have the use of this press for the present . At our office we saved our press and almost the whole of our materials . ' :

      We never saw a fire spread with such awful rapidity the flames seemed to leap from roof to roof , and the noise of the burning mass could be compared to nothing we ever heard except the roaring of the cataract of Niagara . The crash of falling materials was heard above the deep sound of the advancing flames , as roof after roof full in at short intervals . We regret to have it to state that much pilfering was carried on , especially towards creniiiff , and that provisions ' were taken away in boat fulls from some of Ihe premises at the lower end of the harbour . The following is a detailed account of the property destroyed : —

      STREETS BURNED DOWN . All east of Newman and Co . ' s , on both sides Outer street , to Wm . Roslin ' s , Maggoty Cove . All east of of Ilutching ' s new houses and Brazils houses on both sides of Duckworth-street , to the Ordnanceyard . On the town side of Gower-street , and east from Cilerystreet to Cochrane-street , and above Gower-street up the King ' s Road , half way to the Military Road , All the fishing rooms from Magotty Cove to Crow ' s Nest , three rooms only left to Chain-lock , Warden-roof near the B * rick Archwork of the Powder Magazine . All the fishing rooms to Crow ' s Nest ( Harvey Willcing ' s Room ) .

      CASUALTIES . 1 man burned , 1 artillery-man killed , and another wounded in the act of blowing up Messrs . G-. and N . Stabbs' premises . PDBLIC BUILDINGS DESTROYED . Old episcopal church , court house , gaol , sheriff ' s house , British North American Bank , Colonial Treasury and Savings' Bank offices , Custom House , Ordnance store and wharf , Exchange-buildings , Post Office , Office of Road Commissioners and Board of Control , Office of Lighthouse Commissioners , all the printing offices , nunnery , convent school house , Marine Insurance Company , theatre , roof of powder magazine .

      PUINC 1 PAL MERCANTILE HOUSES DESTROYED . Hounsell , Schink , and Co ., Stabb , Hinn , and Co ., Win . Grieve and Co ., Wilson and Macneill , Robert Alsop and Co ., Rennie , Stuart , and Co ., William Warrens , jun ., Boyed and M'Dougall , Peter Rogerson and Co ., James William Stewart , C . P . Bennett and Co ., J . H . Warren , Langley and Tissier , P . and W . Carter , W . E . Taylor , Shea and Murphy , Thomas Glen , John M William , E . and N . Stabb , Pierce Grace , John and James Kent , K . O'Dwyer and Co ., Neill M'Dougall , Begg , Kerr and Co ., Bo wring Brothers , R . and J . S . . Rutherford , Mathew

      Stewart and Co ,. M'Bride and Kerr , Richard Howley , Samuel Mudge , Warren Brothers , Baine , Juhnston , and Co ., Wilson and Co ., James Cliff . S . G . Archibald , R . F . Trim ' wghnm and Co ,, John Fox and Co ., Hobert browse , W . and II . Thomas and Co ., J . M . llendcll and Co ., Gilbert Clapp , J . B . Baines and Co ., Job Brothers and Co ., Hunter and Co ., Tobin and Co .. John O'Donnell , John Omara , Laurence O'Brien and Co ., Jamei Douglas and Co ., Michael Foley , Parker and Gleison , James Morris , Nicholas Gill , G . F . Bonn , John Cussack and Sons , Walter Dillon , Dunscomb and Harvey , Robinson , Brooking and Co ., Joon Brocklebank , William Boden , Micliavl Nowlun .

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      The Popes . —Pins IX . is the third Bishop of the see of Imola raised to the Popedom . The two first were Alexander VII ., of the family of the Princes of Chigi , who reiened 12 years , and died in 1667 : and Pius VII ., whose deatli took place in 1823 . There is found in the history of the Popes who bore the name of Pius—1 st , the longest pontificate , viz ., that of Pius VI ., who reigned 24 years , and the short one of Pius III ., which Jasted only for 27 days ; 2 dly , two saints , St . Pius I ., a martyr of the second century , and St . Pius V ,, at the beginning of the sixteenth century , in whose reign occurred one of the most celebrated naval combats of modern times , the battle of Lepanto , gained over the Turks by Don Juan of Austria , 3 tlly , the most erudite and indefatigable

      writer of the middle ages , Pius II ., ( Eneas Sylvius ); 4 tlily , the second instance of a Pope dying prisoner , in the person of Pius VI . ; 5 thly , the most extraordinary and unprecedented act of power , in the annals of the church , on the part of the pontifical authority , the concordat of 1801 , concluded between Pius VII . and Napoleon , which abolished the episcopal sees of the church of France , notwithstanding the opposition of the tributary bishops . From St . Peter down to Pius IX ., are counted among the Popes , C Syrians , 14 Greeks , 2 Dalmatians , 2 Africans , 2 Sardinians , 5 Sicilians , 1 Portuguese , 2 Spaniards , 1 Dutchman , 1 Englishman , 7 Germans , 13 Frenchmen , 88 Romans , and 01 Italians . Among the French Popes is found , in the thirteenth century , the son of a poor cobbler of Troyes in Champagne , Jacques Pantaleon ,

      who took the name of Urban IV ., and instituted the fete of the Holy Sacrament ; and in the 14 th century the son of a baker , of the county of Foix , ( now department of the Ariege ) , Jacques Fourinier , known by the name of Benedict XII . The Popes who reigned more than 20 years are to the number of seven ; St . Sylvester , in whose reign was held the first council of Nyceus , in the forth century ; St . Leo the Great in the fifth age , who had the glory of arresting theprogressof Attila ; Adrian I ., in the eighth century , who introduced in France the Gregorian chant ; Alexander III ., who laid the first stone ot Notre Dame of Paris , in the 12 th century ; Alexander VI , Pius VI ., who died a captive at Valence , in France , and Pius VII ., author of the Concordats concluded with the different states of Europe and America . —La Presse .

      Italy . —Roman States . —A letter from Bologna of the 20 th inst . states : — "An extraordinary courier arrived here this morning from Rome with despatches for Mr . Savelli , pro-legate of the four legations . The pro-legate , vice-legates , and other authorities , are to continue in their respective functions . The nomination of Cardin . il Grizzi as Secretary of State had not yet taken place . The new Pope wished to wait a few days before nominating his ministers . It is said that an evil influence is endeavouring to thwart the views of Pius IX .

      Portugal , —The following is an extract from a letter received on Saturday by an eminent mercantile house in this town , under date Oporto , 20 th June , 1846 : — "From the voluntary dispersion of the Guerilla force from around this city , there is every likelihood of things being amicably settled throughout the country . Indeed , within these few days past , a much greater degree of confidence has been shown : and if tho government only act with energy and good faith , we shall , no doubt , have a much more cheering prospect ere long before us than we have had for some ime past . "—Liverpool Albion , Monday .

      Russia Tub Modifications ur the Iamfi . —The latest acoounts received from St , Petersburg , dated the 19 th of this month , state that on that day the modifications in the tariff , which have been for some time announced from different quarters , were published and immediately carried into effect . Is is to be hoped . that this branch in the prohibitive system will soon be followed by further steps in the cause of commercial reform , and that Russia too will by degrees relieve itself from restrictions on commerce and industry , which render any solid improvement of the national welfare impossible .

      Blockade of tub Mexican Ports . —It will be well for merchants te know the terms of the blockade of the Mexican ports declared by the commander of the American squadron . First , no neutral vessel is to bo captured or detainad on its way to a blockaded port without previous notice from on American vessel of war , to be entered on her log-book , of the existence of blockade . Secondly , neutral vessels in port before the blockade , were to be at liberty to depart within fifteen days , with cargo or without , ' after the blockade should be established . Thirdly , Vera Crui and Tampico are to be free for ihe entrance and departure of neutral non-commercial mail-packets . Buenos Ayrks . —Tho following post scriptum is contained in many of the commercial letters of the 8 th of May , brought by the Coriol&n ;—" Two Sar-

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      dinian and a n English brig succeeded in forcing at niglittlw bfnclciido of tlie combined squadron before " . ° s Ayrcs , and gained the lesser roadsteads . £ The linghsh . and French . commanders . ^ immediately manned their boats , and soon came up with the delinquent vessels ; the two Sardinian vessels were sit on fare , and the English brig placed . at tlie disposal of the English commander ; An English officer sent to "'SS&SSSK Ayreshad taM put t 0 dcatbJ Poland —The Nkw Government of Cracow . — Cracow , June 1 <; .-It appears that the fate of the republic 18 decided . The new government is to consist of three directors , of . whom each of the three protecting powers appoints one . We are to have on the part of Austria , as we liear , Mr John Sclmidler formerly president : frwn llussin . Mr . J . Miordszornski formerly director of the police ; from Prussia the Senator Victor Kopff . . k . ....... ... _ ..

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      THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE . BATTLES BETWEEN TIIE KAFFIRS AND THE BRITISH TROOPS . ( From the Soiilli- African Commercial Advertiser . ) CAPE TOWN , Apiml 29 , 184 C . —Last post from the frontier brought intelligence of the commencement of hostilities in Kaulrland , and of thefirst collision with the enemy . It appears that a division of the troops , under Licutcn . ant-Colonel Somerset and Lieutensmt-Colonel lUchsirdson , marched from the Duba river , on the morning of tlie 15 th instant towards liurn ' s-hill , where they were joined by the Kat River Burghers under Captain Sutton . Burn ' s-hill is a missionary station or village , situated in front of the gorgts of tlie Amatola mountains , into ths ravines and wooded parts af wliich Colnnel Somerset was informed that the Kaffirs had withdrawn all or the greater number of tbeir forces . Here the troops encamped for tho night .

      On the mornm ; of the 15 th , leaving a larj ; e amount of baggage and ammunition under charge of Major Gibson , of the 7 th Dragoon Guards , tlie combined force entered the gorges of the mountains , nnd moved upon the enemy ' s position at all points . A series of desultory actions ensued , in one of which the Kaffirs are saul to have shown , a force of 2 , 000 men , all armed with muskets . The enemy seemed to have been checked or repulsed wherever the troops could reach them , or when the guns could he brought to bear upon them . Having captured a herd of cattle , 1 , 800 in number . Colonel Somerset retired down the hill about sunset , and formed a camp on the flat under the Amatola .

      On the aftTnoon and evening of the same day considerable bodies of Kaffirs attacked the encampment left at Burn ' s-hill , undor charge of Major Gibson ; anil ( luring the night Ills position was Burl'ttuudod Oil ftll SiflfiS , pro . bably by the forces that had been engaged with the troops on the preceding day among the mountains . He sent to Colonel Somerset requesting him to join hid there , or to send a strong reinforcement , stating at the same time that it would be very dangerous for him to move with so large a quantity of ammunition and bapgage . Upon the receipt of this report from Major Gibson , Colonel Somerset immediately proceeded with 200 infantry under Major Campbe )) , the Cape mounted Itifles , under Major Armstrong ; and one gun , under Lieutenant Hill , to Major Gibson ' s support .

      The encampment at Burn ' s-hill , waa on the left bank of the Keiskamu River . Early in the forenoon , Major Gibson , without having received any reinforcement , moved upon a drift of the river , being only able to form an advance and rear guard , leaving the whole line of waggonsbetweeu unprotected . In this situation they were immediately discovered and attacked by the enemy , who easily cut the line in too , taking out the oxen from one of the waggons and drawing it across the road , thus checking the movement of all behind it . llnjor Gibson now found himself with the rear guard attacked ou all sides by great masses of Kaffirs , and was compelled to retreat to Burn ' s-hill , and again put his men in position .

      The advanee guard , with the first division of the waggons , after some hesitation , proceeded to cross the drift of the river , and at this moment Colonel Somerset arrived with reinforcements , which enabled Major Gibson to secure and bring off his ammunition waggons ; the enemy had earned off the oxen belonging to the baggage waggons , which were consequently abandoned , The whole force being a , gain united on the right bank of the Keiskama , Colonel Somerset moved towards the Chumiti , still followed and harassed by the enemy . Here , en the left bank of the Chuinie , he encamped for the night of the 17 th .

      On the morning of the 18 th he decided on retiring to Block Dritt , lower down , and on the right hank of the river . The enemy , to the number , ho sayi , of 3 , 000 men . followed him from the time he left the ground , and made dispositions to attack him , which they soon diil , In the rear and on both flanks at the same time . Under these trying circumstances they crossed the river , bringing safely to the right bank 1 , 800 head of cattle , with their baggage and ammunition waggons , on which the Kafirs pressed eagerly , as on the preceding day at Bbmi ' sASIL The casualities of this day , during these very difficult

      and hazardous operations , afforded a measure » f the Kafir ' s power as an enemy in battle . They amount to one officer wounded , two men killed , and three wounded . On the 17 th also , when Major Gibson was attacked by so great a body of the enemy , and compelled to fall back on . Burn ' s-hill , abandoning the waggons , one man had his arm broken , and a man was killed . And during the repeated conflicts with the whole of SadhiUa ' s forces among the ravines and woods of the Amatola , on the whole of the l (! th , three men were killed and six wounded . In the night attack ou Major Gibson ' s camp , four men were killed and four wounded .

      Tho loss of the baggage-waggons , under Major Gibson ' s escort , on the 17 th , arose from the movement takingplace about an hour and a half too early , in compliance with Col . Somerset ' s instructions . We have information from Block Drift up to yesterday , the 20 th instant . His Excellency had arrived there in safety from Port Victoria , which is about to be abandoned . The troops , it is expected , will remain at this place for some time . Martial law bad been proclaimed thel'O , alltf the n-Jiole of the forces , military and burgher , will bo moved to the front . The following is an accurate list of the killed , wounded , and missing , during the engagements of the Kith , 17 th and 18 th instant : — » Total killed , wounded , and missing . —2 captains , 1 subaltern , 19 rank and file , 11 chargers , 1 bat horse , 25 troop horses .

      ( From Graham ' s Towi Journal . ) On the morning of the 19 th instant ( Sunday ) , eight span of oxen having been carried off from Port Victoria , where the governor , Sir Peregrino Maitland , then was , his Excellency ordered a party of the dragoons , under the command of Captain Napier nnd Lieutenant Hogg to pursue the enemy , directing a detachment of the 91 st ruuiment to move to their support . It appears thnt at a shert distance the pursuing party came up with a body of Kaffirs , estimated at 1 , 000 , and who were immediately engaged , the enemy returning shot for shet , with great

      courage , but fortunately with no other casualty , save the loss of Serjeant Mellon , whose leg was fractured by a ball , nil who , though a strenuous effort was made to place him upon horseback , was obliged to be left upon the field , the Kaffirs pouring down in such strong force , and who barbarously dispatched him with their keerius . The Governor finding the enemy so numerous , ordered the troops to fall back upon the post , and which they did , loading and firing upon the enemy with the same precision and regularity as though on parade with blank cartridges . Many Kaffirs were slain in this affair .

      LATEST INTELLIGENCE . SATUitDAr Mokning , Ten o ' clock . —An express jusi comu from Fort Peddie , brings us the following important intelligence : — " All is here excitement ; Kaffirs in large bodies around the T'Slambiu tribes . For the last few nig hts we havo been under arms , while the women and children hava been placed for security in the barracks . Yesterday the Pingoes and the Newton Dule settlement had sharp fighting with Pato ' s Kaffirs , and which continued the whole day . Towards the afternoon firing was heard from Fort Peddie , and soon the war-cry was heard in all directions . Capt . M'Lean ( resident agent ) immediately sent Mr . Shepstone ( Knffir interpreter ) forward to ascertain , the true state of affairs . He was accompanied by Mr . Tainton and Mr . S . Lucas . By the time they had reached the scene of conflict the Kaffirs had gained the day , and were hurrying eff tho Pingoe cattile . Mr . Shepstone

      and his two or three gallant associates , instantly rallied the Fingoes , and then mada a dash ou the Ka&irs to retake the cattle . At this crisis Mr . Shepstone and his companions displayed equal decision and bravery , for making a dash to the rear of tlio Kaffirs , 1 \ 6 thrttW thum into confusion , and after firing a few shots he succeeded in recapturing the whole of the cattle , and in seeing them again in the possession -of the Fingoes . At this time a detachment of the 7 th Dragoons came up , and tho artillery , but too late to take a part in the affair . Fani , a Kaffir of Pato ' s tribe ( very strongly suspected of being the murderer of the Rev . E . Scholtz ) , enine to Captain M'Lean , and asked for protection on the Fingoe settlement . Captain M'Leau remarked , " I look on all Kiffirs with suspicion at this moment—prove the sincerity of your intentions . " To this Fani made no reply , except that he wished to belong to the settlement . Captain M'Lean rejoined , "Go and tell Pato that 1 must see him before noon to-morrow as a friend , and that if he does

      not come I will consider him an enemy ; I want to inform him of his daring attack on the settlement this day ; and , moreover , I wish him to be informed that I have ordered all spies to be at once shot . " Two large bodies of Kaffirs were within two miles of Fort Peddie Ia 3 t night . S / kTURDAT , Nook , —A report just brought in that tj body of about 200 Kaffirs had made their appearuuee at the foot of the hills below Sir . Fuller ' s , about three trStes south of town . A party of mounted burghers hurriiOly collecting to move upon that point . Reported that the country along the whole of thf ; Kerreiga and Kowie Rivers was lit up last night bj farmhouses fired by the ruthless enemy .

      llAi . T-rj . ST Twelve o'CLOCE , P . M . —Dispatche 8 frODl the troops in front have this moment eoinain , brought by a largo party ot mounted men and ten of theUM . Rifles . We are happy to announce tlijafc the troops have met with no reverse-not having 1 w engaged with tha enemy » Ince the IStb inst , All is repor ted to be quiet m

      : : Tfoxtimi Ihobrment& ^Frtfotrtn* -Affnhfmtt^Ttfe?

      : : tfoxtimi iHobrment& ^ FrtfOtrtn * -AffnhfMtt ^ ttfe ?

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      * "Revelations of Russia in 18 * 6 ; " by an English Resident . Third edition . Condon : H . Colborn , Great itarlborougb-street

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      JULY 4 , 1645 . ^ THE NORTHERN STAR . T I ii ttnitonffiwn tw tii ~

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), July 4, 1846, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1373/page/7/