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Northern Star (1837-1852), 23rd May 1846, Edition 1 of 3, Page 8, I'rinted by DOTJGAL ll'GOWAN, oi'lfi . Great Windmill

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      Untitled Article

      ' { Omtmuedfrom tiu > lirstFagt . ) . . Lord J . Ifftssuis presented a petition to the same effect from 479 master lace manufacturers m JNottinsham and Derby , . ,... tt Mr . Doscohbe thsn said , that in asking the House to give its consent to a fecund reading of the Lace Factories' Bill , he could assure them that he was not insensible to the difficulties of the task he had undertaken ; hut having conyinced himself tliat it was hnperativelv necessary , if they were to regard the moral ani social comfort of that class of persons wflx ¦ were employed in that trade , that something shonm 4 xs done for them , he entered upon the task witn less diffidence than he would otherwise hare » " * ^ J ing the house to permit the bill to he ^ » " ££ ,, time , heTTOuldtakeleave to submit thattleque ^ on did not stand in the same portion as * £ *{ ££ % „ , ed' ^ he factors question , ' inasranch as there u not as yet been any f ^ j'S „ was not the manufacture of lace . . ^^ SSfnourc-for whetherthereshouldte »« J « 2 S erference

      ^ l ^ rSsFS ^ aa ^ s ^« « tf ? 2 o ' clock on Saturday night , withoutauy recess if itofSffie ? there was a probib . ton against tte ^ ploykent of children under nineyears ofage , as weU as a restriction upon the number of hours that children of a more advanced age should be Sfployed , and what then , he asked ; . would the Hoase thiufe , when they we told that in lace factories children from six to eight years ° f age were emploved and kept at labour ail night . It mignt ie said that their . labourwas not great ; but many ¦ of them never saw their beds at all—they were Hiked to lie down on thefloor of their work-rooms and sleep as they could—and those who lived in tbe immediate neighbourhood of the factories , and were allowed to go home to their beds , were raised up everv two or three tours to wind np tllfeir bobbin machines . It could not therefore 1 » supposed that

      Children could be properly brought up , who were employed in sucli a manner , lie would also call the attention of the llouse to the immoral influence that was exercised of manv of these children , who were induced by the adults who wrought in the factories with them , to go out at three or four o ' clock in the stunner mornings , when not engaged in winding up their machines , and plunder all the gardens in their neighbourhood . Sncb . a state of things - should not bealL . wed to continue withqutsomecheek being put upon it . Conflicting opinions had been given by several inspectors of factories as to the remillsbut Saunters

      striction of labour inlaje ; Mr . and Mr . Bury had both declared that it would be most desirable that some interference should take place . Objections bad been got up to the Bill by the proprietors of factories , whose machines were driven by power , on the ground that it would be unfair to put restrictions upon them unless they -were also put upon hand-looms as well . He admitted that there was some justice in the objection , aadthac restrictions should be put upon them both . He found that the total number of bobbin-netfc and Other machines , driven by steam or water power that would be affected b ? that Bill amounted to 3 ,

      100—and that the number of children under thirteen years of age that were employed in these factories engaged in the bobbin-nett Irate amounted to 1 , 300 , and above thirteen years there were 500—and in the warp lace trade there were 650 aaditional , making in all 2 , 4 oi Dr . llutchinsop , the senior physician to the general hospital at Nottingham , and who had great opportunities of obsesving the effect that that description of employment had upon the health of children en-. gaged in it , stated , that in many cases it brought on dytpepsis , as well as affections of the brain , and that an many instances a rapid development of consumption was the consequence of such employment . All that lie ( iir . Duneombe ) would ask of the house was , to protect the life of the working man , and all that

      he required them to do was to put a restriction upon night labour , and to protect them from being obliged to work before six o'clock in the morning , or after ten o ' clock at nifiht ; as surely , he said , sixteen tours a day was quite enough to . require those factories to be kept working , and , in fact , children of to early aa age should not be allowed so to work at all . Jtle hoped the right hon . gentleman would see no objection to the reading of this bill a second time , more especially as the principle of interference with labour in factories had beeu recognised by the Legislature . He asked the consent of the house to the second reading with the concurrence of four-fifths of the proprietors of face factories—with the full assent oi every operative whether engaged in a public or of all the

      private factory—and with the approbation peoDle of . Nottingham . Under these circumstances , he trusted the Legislature would not disappoint the wishes and feelings of so large and useful a branch oi ' the community . The question having been put , SirJ . Gkahaji saia , that though Parliament had n . w been le « Mating for 40 years with respect to other factories , it had hitherto feit that the difficulties of introducing into the lace manufacture anj restrictions of the lsature now proposed were in-Sttiieraole , Before the house reversed all its former legislation en this subject , it ought to consider that by far the greater part of all the lace manufactured was produced by hand-loom machinery ,

      and not , as citon , by machinery worked by steam power . Moreover , the lace manufacture was ifc . t m general conducted in factories , but principally in small workshops adjacent to the dwelling-houses of the weavers , or in many cases in the dwellinghouses themselves . If , therefore , the legislature dealt with this manufacture by inspection , the inspectors must Iiave access botL . sight and day to the houses of those employed . . Moreover , eMldren were no : competent , as in the cotton manufacture , to attend to the working of four looms at a time ; en the contrary , in the lace trade , there must be oae adult male to every power 1 . om , and two if it were employed for 20 nours , lie then showed that the lace trade was dependent to more than half

      its extent upon foreign demand , and upon the successful competition of our manufacturers with fortiguers . Owing to the removal of certain disadvantages , which he hoped was now certain to take place , the competition of flu foreigner would no longer be formidable , if new restrictions , equally gulling and fatal were not placed on the trade . He trusted that the house would pause before it interfered not « n ! y with the labour of young children , but also with , adult male labour , wherever that industry might be applied , no matter whether it was in the factory or in the private dwelling house- He denied that in any case the laee machinery r ^ n continuously from the Monday morning till the Saturdav nkut , and insisted that with respect to -children " the labour was remarkable light and not continuous . lie did not believe that the moral and

      physical condition of the working classes could be improved bv any legislation which should permantly diminish tUe demand for their labour , and leave ihe .-e in a state of hopeless destitution , instead of full employment . If Parliament interferred in the lace nwnuiacture , it must also interfere in the case of the pin-makers , the nail-makers , the fustian cutters , and various other trades ; and if it did so , it could not , injustice to the workmen , stop short of the csssbl jslsmenc of a miumum of wages . 'Ihe eouimcnceineiit of such a carter would be the downfal of our laa ' uufacturiug prosperity , and its termination ¦ wauid-bis the loss ~ ol our position among the nations of the earth . He then glanced at various other objections wnich nikl'fc be made to this bill , and concludedfby proposing thai it he reada second time that dav six months .

      Colonel Kolles-tox gave his most cordial support ta the bill , and trusted thai , M the Iiousj should not be prepared to pass it as the whole , it would at least pass such parts of it as would extend relief to the children engaged iu this trade . Iftne-tentlis of the machine holders of . Nottingham had strongly expressed their approbation of some such measure as tiie present , lie referred to a speech made by Lord Aituorp in IS 33 , fur the purpose of snowing that the lace trade had been excluded from the operation of the Factories Bill , solely on the ground that the iiwasure would not inc'uiic one more than a fifth of the trade . The present system of nou-iuierference with the lace trade was most injurious to the- morals of the children engaged ia it . As chairman of the quarter sessions for thu district of . Notts , he informed the house that a quarter sessions scarcely ever passed without some of these children beiug brought to the

      bar as criminals . Mr . Siruti was of opinion that Sir J . Gkaram had made out a sufficient case for rejecting this bill . Sir J . 0 . IIobhobsb was of opiniuu Uiat it would be impossible to carry this bill into eifrct , as its object was to stop all night labour in the manufacture " of lace , and thereby interfere "with the night labour of adults as well as of children . If Mr . Dgxcombe would introduce a bill to subject children in ( ace factories to some such regulations as those to which the children in other factories were subject , be should give such a bill his most strenuous support , lie declared at the same time the willingness of the master manufacturers to assent to a bill which should prohibit infant labour in lace factories after ten o'clock at night .

      Lord Jobs Maskers , ia supporting the ^ econd reading of the bill , contrasted the petition which the Right Hon . Gentleman who had just sat down presented to the llouse , signed by 25 master manutacturers , against the measure , with one signed by 475 cf those gentlemen in favour of it ; so that if the opinion of the master manufacturers was to be taken as conclusive upon this matter , he thought that tact ¦ was a sufficient reason why the bill should be . passed . The Ifoble Lord contended that the crime of Nuttin ^ ham was attri buta ble to the night work ; and , as the principle of interference had been over and over again sanctioned by the House , he gave his hearty support to the second reading of the bill , without at all pledging himself to its details . Mr Minna considered interference most necessary , but could not support thfe bill . , Mr . Gisbomb admitted that the great majority of

      Untitled Article

      — : -: ~ — :: ""^ i ^ SuVtoHhe paBB «» B ° the working people were fovourao ^ [ ti Mr . Waklbt denounced tne & ( jounter ^ pie ' s wishes , mere f- ^ Somy . Va fatal error of some dognmof P ^ 'f g 0 to the extent to which the times . He wouW no s d lead _ that ig > an the Bill in ite . P » XIt iabour--but he would votefor interference with admt « the . ^ t ^ LaviDg lt the second ^™"" 3 ttee The real question was , "WJ , !! toX 3 d «* »» H «* tatetee with tbe » & « : ' ^ ss « . Ss&sse ^ Masi f fns in this house foi- six or eight boon , listening to the dull debates , was not in itself extremely fatigoing ? He never left the house without some hon . member saying to him , "I am heartily sick of this life , and I think I shall resign myseat . " ( lighter . ) If this was so with hon . members , what must be tne position of infants eight years of age , WllO were com Belled to attend to this species of duty , for from 10 to

      16 hours a day out of 24 : was not tliatacuras on these children from which they oug ht to be rescued ? The other day he met some children who , having preferred the mill to the poor house , were coming home from their werk . He questioned them as to hovr they were employed . It appeared that they were up at 5 , at the mill at 6 , till dinner at 12 , then at ] they returned to the mill , where they remained til 7 in the evening . And what did they do on Sundays ? Whv . it appeared that immediately after breakfast they went to school , from t here to church , and after church , back to dinner , then to school , and as soon as that was over back to church again . ( Hear , hear . " God bless my soul \ " said" the hon . member , " what is the meaning of all this ? " ( Hear . ) Thosechi dren it seemed had no holiday at all , except a little on Saturday evening . Upon the whole , he implorec the hause to agree to the second reading , that the bill might be altered in committee , and this he called on them to do for the sake of the infant labourerrs in

      these factories . _ . „ ., , , Sir R . Pbel contended , that the Bill , as it stood , proclaimed the principle of interferen ce with adult labour , which it would be absurd in the housei to sanction , unless they were prepared to establish a minimum of wages . The immediate consequence ol such prohibition of night-labour in factories as the Bill provided would he a direct premium to increased lifcour in private cottages , shops , and houses . Mr . FBRRAKn said , it ' was a melancholy fact that whenever an hon . member in this house proposed to legislate for the welfare of the working population , he was met by the most strenuous opposition , lhe workingpopulationhad now for several years been appealing to this house , to take the peculiar circumand

      stances of their labour into consideration , they had always appealed in vain . At last they had commenced legislating for themselves ; and he would ask the ri ° ht hon . gentleman , as well as hon . gentlemen on both sides of the house , to look at the present condition of the manufacturing population in the north of England . They were entering at the present moment into the most alarming combinations to protect themselves against what they called the tyranny and oppression of their masters . Let the house look at the iearfiil strikes for wages which were now taking place in Manchester , Liverpool , and other large towns in the north of England ; and He thought the house would there see sufficient to induce them to consider tbat it was high time for larliamcnt to take notice of and deliberately to consider

      the questions Which were now taking nlace between masters and servants . He had no hesitation in sayin " , that if the house refused the second reading of this bill , it would be understood by the workmen as a direct insult upon them , and would drive them to their own resources , to legislate for themselves , and to enter into combinations , in order to compel their masters to give them what they asked . Mr . S . Crawford admitted there might be many defects in this bill , but he took up the principle that the children were overworked , and that it was the duty of the house to interfere , and , therefore , he should support the second reading of this bill . Mr . Bright stated , that the strike to which the hon . member for Knaresborough had referred , existed only among the trades with whom there was no interference whatever .

      Lord J . Rns 3 KH did not hold the bill objectionable on the ground that itlimited the labour of children ; but he regarded it as a violation of every right principle of legislation on the subject , because it interfered with the adult labour , ^ and would subject private houses to domiciliary visits . Mr . Broiherton , although favonrable to the restriction of infantine labour , would not vote for the bill in its present shape . * ,,. „ .,.. Mr . W . Cowper also should feel much difficulty in giving his support to the bill . Mr . T . Dokcombb said he snoula take the sense 0 the house upon the question . ( Hear , hear , hear . The case before the house was . whether they would interfere or not in the lace manufactures . He was the representative of four-fifths of the capital employed in the lace manufactories , as well as of the workmenand he was there representing their

      senti-, ments . It had been stated that the masters did not work children in the extreme manner it was said they did , but he would take upon himself to deny this COmpletelyi and to contend tliat the mode adopted , both tow ; irds adult and . infani iabour , rendered necessarv an enactment such as the present . ( Hear , hear . ) Objection had been made to the parts of the bill , which authorised the visit of an inspector to the private dwelling of the weaver , armed with compulgorv power to prevent the labour of children after a certaia hour . ( Hear , hear , heav . ) It would , however , be remembered that the same power existed under the general legislation of the house with regard to the working of factories , and that every building in which manufacture was carried on was considered " a factory , " and subject to all the regulations of a factory under tkc law that might apply to the labour of a factory .

      In reply to a question from Mr . Stafford O'Brdsh , Mr . DaxcoMBE declared his readiness to Rive up that part of the Mil which interfered with adult labour . , , After a few words from Mr . Fieldbn the house divided , and the numbers were—For the amendment 151 Against it ••••¦ 66 Majority against the second reading 85

      CORRESPONDING SOCIETIES AND LECTURE ROOMS BILL . This Bill went through Commmittee . TIIE WHITSUN HOLIDAYS . In answer to a question by Mr . R . Torke , Sir R . Peel said , he intended to movo that the house at its rising on Fridav , the 29 th inst ., do adjourn until the Thursday following ( 4 th of June . ) The house then adjourned at five o ' clock .

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      IRELAND . A BLOW-UP IN CONCILIATION-HALL . The usual weekly meeting of the Repeal Associa tion to-day was distinguished by a regular row be tween the two sections into which , the Repeal Asso _ ciation is now notoriously split . The Nation of Sa " turday last had fairly drawn the sword—denounced , by implication the ok ! leader—and unfurled the fla % in favour of Smith O'Brien and Young Jr . land . Prom this position the party cannot recede ^—and with this impression abroad , the public were fully prepared for the outbreak of the smouldering embers of discord which took place this day .

      Amongst the members of the committee present were , Mr . Henry Grattan , M . P ., Mr . Nicholas Maher , M . P ., Mr . 'i' / m-. tliy O'Brien , M . P ., and Mr . Daniel O'Connell , jun . At one o ' clock , Mr . J . O ' Dowd , barrister , was called to the chair . Mr . Ray read a long letter from Mr . O' Connell , upon the subject of the second reading of the Coercion Bill , which is fixed by Sir R . Peel for M onday , the 25 th , ( the Queen ' s birthday . ) Mi . DonENY handed in 211 ., Hie weekly subscription of the Repealers of Liverpool , also 202 . from Clonmel . ( Cheers . ) Mr . Doheny was in the act of

      readin * - a passage in the letter of the Rev . Mr . Burke , parish priest of Clonmel , giving unqualified graise to Mr . S . O'Brien , when _ he was interrupted by Mr . Clemekts , who said that it was a rule invariably acted upon bv the association , not to read any letter that had not first been inspected by the committee , lest the writer , in his enthosiasm , might propound any doctrine that might possibly involve the association . With respect to the present letter , he would say , that he considered some matters in it had better not be read . ( Confusion , and . cnesol "Go with the letter . " )

      on The CnAiRMaN thought that every gentleman was aware of the existence of the rule , and he was sure that his learned friend , Mr . Doheny , would not tr Mr gr DonE ; -r . -The truth is , I got the letter but two minutes ago , and I must say for myself , that I am not aware ef any such rule ; and it I were , I would break it . ( Hear , hear . ) But 1 ask tins , is it in this hall it is to be stated the opinions oi men — Mr . Clements . —I must rise to order . ( Great confusion and hisses . )

      The CnunjiAN . —The secretary states that such a rule is invariably acted upon ; but I am sure that it there is anything objectionable in the letter he will not read it . ( Cheers . ) . Mr . Dohest . —Certainly not . There is nothing , 1 think , either uiis * fe or indiscreet in stating in this hall that the letter gives unqualified approbation to Smith O'Brien . ( Deafening applause . ) The Ciuihman . — If the letter does not go further than that , there is no gentleman that will not applaud it ( Cheers . )

      . .. . , Mr Rat —When an £ question is likely to arise , all letters are first submitted co the committee . Mr . DonE » r . —Here is the letter . ( Cheers . ) And I submit , Sir , that no question can arise in this hall upon unqualified praise of Smith O'Brien . ( Loud cheers . )

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      ,, ' ' I--- . . - - ,, '" Mr" Rw -Undoubt ^ dirnot , Kit ~( Grp » ri 8 Mo erWof ^ Read : therletter . 'f ) 'But , Sir , let me-( B TSSfftL : ^^ to order . ; Mr Ray . — Just let me ; ( Groans . ) , A scene of indescribable confusion here ensued , short in duration , but indicative of a veryBtrong de-Shat tne letter from Clonmel should be perused t 0 Mr E , having at length obtained a hearing , said there could not possibly be adifference of opinion K 2 U with respeettp theunqualified praises of that ereat man , Mr . O'Brien . ( Cheers . ) " flaM' ! Mr . S meant to say when interrupted was tg in a 1 questions that involved ega mat ter , or dj , ference of opmion on questions olpohhcal expediency it ww invariably the practice to refer all letters to thecommittee . ( "Hear , hear , " and cries ot Goon 1 — — Z—2 mm- —m —~ g » = * - 1 . ¦ ( 1 mni

      with the letter . ) «••« - »» lrnown in Mr Doheny . — I trust I am sufficiently known m z ^^ r ^ M The lette r , in speaking oi Mr . O Jiwen , says u « dared to stand forth as the defender O ; Ireland a r ights , and the redresser of her wrongs . " Is there anything objeetionable in that ? JCheers , and cries of" No no . " ) Now , ol course I did not visit Mr . O'Brien in his prison on the part ef the association , but I did visit him as one of the ' 82 club . ( Greatcheering . ) , „ . . Mr . E . W . O'M&HONrrose . to order . ( Confusion . ) The CIUIRMAN . —I am bound to discharge my duty as chairman of this association , and in performance f that duty I would submit to Mr . Doheny that it is

      o irregular to touch upon what has been done by ^ tne ' 82 Club . ( " Hear , hear , " hisses and confusion . ) Mr Dohknt . —Will you permit me to say that I saw the prisoner in his cell ? ( Cheers . ) Will you permit me to tell the people of Ireland that he is there acting the king ( vehement applause ); prouti of his principles as when he stood here and received thehomageof Ireland ? ( Cheers . ) Willyou permit me to tell the meeting , and Ireland also , that he win not desert his post , and that this battle , will be fought to the last ? ( Cheers . ) In conclusion Mr . Doheny moved the insertion on the minutes ol tue letter from Clonmel . „! , „„« It was subsequently arranged that the letter should be referred to thecommittee , and thanks voted to

      the reverend writer . Mr . Hi GrRATTAN then addressed the meeting , after The ' week ' s rent was announced to be £ 14318 s . Id .

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      THE POLISH MARTYRS . A public meeting took place at the , National Hall , Holborn . on Wednesday evening . May 20 , tor the purpose of commemorating the Polish martyrs sacrificed in the recent ; outbreak . A banner susRended from the rostrum excited universal attention , tne names of the following martyrs being inscribed thereon : — POTOLSKI . ZARSKI . KOCHISHEVSKI . ( Thefirst hung at Siedlec , the other two at Warsaw . ] SOLARSKI . ( A priest of Cracow , who , after animating his congregation by an eloquent and affecting speech , marched at their head , and was shot by the Austnans . )

      KRULEWDY . ZAWATZSKI . ( Flogged to death . ) Madams KROSNOWSKA . ( A young widow , 2 G years of' age , flogged to death for corresponding with the Polish exiles in Pans . ) Under these names wan the word

      TARNOW , surrounded by a deep black border , intended to represent the multitude of Tictims massacred in the circle of Tarnow by the agents ot the Austrian go-Ve ™ n * NRY H etheringion was unanimously called to the chair , and said , no one wou d attempt to deny the great claims the gallant Poles had on ^ the sympathies of Englishmen . He knew there were some few who would ask what have you to do with Poland : but he treated such queries as so many subterfuges for the non-performance ot a sacred duty —( loud cheers ) -and in the language of the bill convening this meeting , he proclaimed tnat-11 He whe permits oppression , shares the crime . 'V

      ( Immense applause . ) Mr . T . Ciahk moved the first resolution . He trusted there was no Englishman > ho would or could feel himself justified in withholding nil sympathy from the people of Poland in their recent noble struggle to shake off the horrible and cruel tyranny under which they had languished for nearly a century It had been said that that was not the proper time to rise ; but , surely , they who were on the spot were the best judges of the fitting time . It was always the fitting tiino to destroy tyranny when the people imagined they had sufficient power to do so . He concluded by moving the first resolution .

      Resolved —That the right of Pdland to exist as a free and independent state being incontrovertible , this meet , ing recoeuises the veceat outbreaks in Cracow and othtv parts of Poland as acts of an oppressed people worthy of the admiration and sympathy of all nations ; and this meetine , y , ^ u deplores the failure of those outbreaks , cherishes the memories of the heroes and martyrs who periBhed in the unequal strife-whetner on the field of battle , under the hands of the executioner , or viotinu of organised asssassination and imperial maisacre— as WOTtHT Of our grateful honour , and the everlasting reraembranco of tho people of all lands . Mr T M Wheeier seconded the resolution . Mr ! Ernest Jones , who was received wilh a hnnrtv wfllnnme . suDported the resolution . Hesaul

      ho Folei were worthy of our gratitude lor more Ssons than one , they had demonstrated that a S communion of sentiment . ^ **"" *" the despots of the earth- ( loud cheers ) -and pointed out to us the great necessity , that exists for a fraternal feeling of amity between men of all nations and which meetings , like this were well calculated to produce . ( Great applause . In the recent outbreak , even the aristocracy ot Poland had rose in favour of the people , ready to abolish vassalage and serfdom . ( Hear , heav . ) True , the insurrection had for a time been suppressed , but let it not be

      supposed that the roar ot tne cannon , or . ™» muuuw o . musketry , could silence the cry of Liberty , no , the blood of the martyrs had hallowed the cause , taeir sons would arise and avenge the deaths ot thenworthy Sires—crumblo tyranny in the dust—and erect the Democratic Temp le on its vuina . ( Great cheer , ine ) He entreated of the brave Poles never to despair he did not wish them to rely . for aid on foreign Uvernments , but thought they might safely lean on their democratic brethren of other nations forsympathyandsuppovt-Uoud cheers-despotism was a •' mildew and a blight , " and if nothing but thunder showers could wash it away , why , the sooner they nnma the better . ( Immense applause . ) . . _ .

      M ? Oari , Schapper ( German ) said , the last throes of the heroes who fell in the last struggle had scarce passed away , when the atrocious royal butchers ol Russia , Austria , and Prussia , commenced their dastardly cruelty to those who unfortunately tell into their hands . The recent struggle had been designated " ill-timed . " He would like to know when a stmo'cle for freedom would be well-timed lor despota . ( Loud cheers . ) Although their friends had suffered temnnrfli-v defeat , they would not despair—they were

      not conquered . ( Loud cheers . ) Mr . Schapper described the horrible massacres in the circle ot larnow . He commented in strong terms on the execution of Potolski and his brave brother martyrs , and eloquently denounced the horrible murder ot Madame Krosnowska , who was flogged to death ipr writing to her friends at Paris , lie concluded by saying , Poland was not conquered ; her sons would continue to struggle for freedom and equality , until then efforts were crowned with success . ( Tremendous

      cheering . ) . , . The resolution was earned unanimously . Mr . Jeffert moved the second resolution : — Resolved , —That the struggles of tho Poles to recorer tlieir freedom from the Triad of Despots being identical with the interests of humanity in every country , this meeting invokes the aid of the British people iu support of all futuro struggles of their Polish brethren ; this meeting belic-riDg that the restoration of Poland would be folloired by tb « emancipation of the entire Slavonian race , and would greatly accelerate the progress of civilization and libortj throughout the world .

      He said the purpose for which this meeting had assembled did not admit of controversy . No person would at least openly defend the conduct of the continental despots , but there was something like " damning with faint praiso" and that was the mode in which Poland was treated by the press , they professed to look on Poland as a nation whose fate was sealed and settled , but he could not agree with that , ( Hear , hear . ) Much as he valued peace and detested war and bloodshed , he thought honour and liberty were more sacred than even human liie . ( Great ¦• lipovitur \ After commentinff' eloquently on the

      character of the tyrant Nicholas , Mr . Jeflery added , -he was a moral force man , but nevertheless he belieTed there were times and circmnstauces that justified , nay , demanded , a resort to arms . ( Great cheering . ) This was the case in Poland . Temporary defeat was not failure . The Poles must and would triumph , and then , — " Down to the dust oppression will be hurled , Her name , her uaturu , withcr'd from the world . " ( Tremendous cheering . ) Mr . Dotlb seconded the motion in a very powerful and effective speech The lesolution was supported by Mr . Micuelot and Mr . JPateusoiV , and unanimously adopted . Mr . G . Harnet proposed the adoption of the following address : —

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      fortht , reasons abtre ,. 1 toted andl ^ becanse . no n » an , _ or bodyof ^ men hart ' ' rightto vote " away the rights of any other man or men : '' The bond of agreement , we suggpest , ' should he the recognition of "the equal rights of all PoUb , leaTingitto the nation in $ ie exercise of its sovereignty to declare whatJform of government it will establisb . But thi 9 is not all tn » t is necessary , experience has proved that mere political rights whea accompanied with social inequality are illusory ; In nominally , free countries wbere all classes are said to be " equal in the eve of the law , " th « most monstrous inequality nevertheless exists , —the poor , though called freemen , being still really slaves to the rich . The land in every nation is clearly lhe &r . ih « reasons a !>* Fe ftated , and b ? M ^ body of men has * rkht to vote ^

      property of the entire people , and whatever unjust appropriations may have existed under worn-out » v » tems of aociety , mankind will expect that n nation re-commeHcing existence will set an example of equal justice in tho appropriation of the soil . In short , tha Cracow Manifesto of the 22 nd of February fully expresses our ideas on this question . We might desire a better defined document than the Cracow Manifesto on which to see based a union of Poland ' s sons , but the principles of that manifesto are unexceptionable , and have our hearty

      concurrence , Poles ! Let the principles oijusticebe your guide and the equal rig hts of all your aim , and you must succeed . They will be the true patriots who , abjuring tbeir own pretensions , and abandoning tlieir own predeliction ! Shall devote themselves to the service of humanity , labouring to establish the equal rights and happinesi of all . Let the waverers remember , that in the Revolution of 1830-31 tbeyfell , because they " did not believe in the nation , " they withheld liberty from the peasants « different result in any future struggle can only be Kc ' ured b / making the entire Polish nation participate in the struggle . To create suck a force the popular instincts of justice must be gratified ; the equal rights of all must be held up as the reward of sacrifice , and the g ure result of victory .

      Poles ! We offer you our Fjmpathy , we express eur ardent hope for the restoration of your country s independence and freedom , and in the spirit of Fraternity we salute you as Brethren . Mr . Habsbt addressed the meeting at considerable length , detailing the martyrdom of a number of eminent Polish patriots , including Scioensy , Letiionk and Koxaroki . His description of tne infernal tortures inflicted on the martyrs excited a thrill of horror through the meeting . Mr . ii . s speech was warmly applauded . Mr . G . J . Homoakb seconded the adoption of the address , which was unanimously adopted .

      Colonel O'Bohsm ( Polish exile ) , expressed his grateful thanks to the meeting ; he recognised the chairman as having been the president of the great meeting held during the visit of the miscreant Nicholas to this country . Poland would always aspire to be worthy of the sympathies of the friends of justice , humanity , liberty , and equality . ( Great cheering . ) ... ¦ A vote of thanks was given by acclamation to the chairman , and the meeting dissolved giving three cheers for Poland .

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      Disgusting Ttranny . and Cruixty . of a Lancashire Coal King . — A ' short time since Mr . ' Pearson , agent to John Fletcher , Esq ., Coal Proprietor , visited Flintshire for the purpose of procuring men to fill the places Of those who had been driven from their employment for daring to ask for a slight advance of wages , he ( Pearson ) succeeded in obtaining a great number , by telling them the most unblushing falsehoods , such as , " That owing to the fact of women being excluded irem the pits in Lancashire , great numbers of men had left the county and gone to work in Staffordshire , thereby causing such a paucity of hands as to compel the masters to stop their works , or have recourse to other counties for a .. supply of men . " He also assured them , there was no such thing as dissension existing betwixt the masters and

      their workmen , and as a proof offered them is . 6 d . per day , with meat , drink , and constant employment . The poor deluded creatures having been gulled into compliance , left their homes to be transplanted to the Eden provided for them by the truly Christian and purely philanthropic John Fletcher , Esq . Here things went swimmingly on for about a month , when lo and behold a m andate was issued from head quarters , requiring them to work by the piece , and at the same prices which had been given to the men formerly employed . The new hands were astounded , and refused to work any longer except upon the terms for which they engaged . This symptom of a refractory nature , on the part of the Welshmen , was not anticipated by Mr . Pearson , and orders were instantly given for them to quit

      their houses , only two hours being allowed them tor so doing , some of them not being ready in the time were turned into the road and the doors locked against them . That portion of them who had wages due wero put off from day today , the agent only paying six each day , while deductions of 4 a . each yrexe made from some of them without any reasonassigned . They then , 47 in number , determined upon returning to their own country , but before doing so , one of them , whose name is Jo ' hn Armstrong , wrote a letter containing the whole of the facts mentioned ahore ; this letter is now in the possession of the County Secretary . When will the productive classes of every grade open their eyes ? when will they see the

      necessity which exists for receiving the specious promises made by masters and their agents with a greater degree of caution 1 how long will working men suffer themselves to be deluded , laughed at , and trampled on by unprincipled traffickers , and live in a state of grovelling subserviency to the caprice of tyrants , who stick at nothing , however disreputable , to accomplish their own designs . The facts above detailed ought to teach the working classes the important lesson that while they are injuring their own order , they are bringing destruction on themselves ; that while , they are assisting to keep others out of employment !' they are in fact paving the way for being deprived of employment themselves as soon as the objects of their employers are accomplished .

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      WESTMINSTER . The Late Outrage On Thursday 'William Luff , alias Mumford , who stands charged with brutally assaulting and throwing a female , with whom lie lived , out of tne window , was yesterday again brought before the magistrate . It had been supposed by the prisouer ' s acquaintances that the extraordinary exculpatory statement made by the injured female at the hospital on Tuesday , and which was opposed to the evidence of the whole of the witnesses who had been examined , would have the effect of procuring his liberation ; but they had , however , fallen into error , for when the prisoner entered the dock , Mr . Burrell informed him that lie was further remanded for a fortnight . —Prisoner : Mayn't I have bail , your worship 1 —Mr . Burrtll : I shall not take bail . —He was then removed .

      MANSION HOUSE . Charge of Extraordinary ' . Tbeachebt . —A girl , of interesting appearance , named Margaret Cflynn , was brought before Alderman Gibbs , on Saturday , on a charge to which she gave an answer , which , upon subsequent inquiry , was found to be correct . Upon being put to the bar her face was bathed in tears . —Francis Jueuiiet , who stated himself to be a builder , residing at No . 7 , Oxfordcourt , Cannon-street , stated that lie charged the prisoner with inany robberies . She had been a visitor at Ins house , and his daughter had lost several dresses since the loth of April . These dresses and other articles had been stolen by the girl at the bar . lie had seen some of the property at the shop * bf a pawnbroker , and could swear to the robberies , and liis daughter and his nephew could confirm the truth of tho accusation agaiust the prisoner , —The daughter and the nephew hove stepped forward and manifested groat anxiety to get tlio prisoner committed to New .

      gate . The daughter said , she eeuld positively swear that the girl had stolen not only dresses but trinkets of hers , and the nephew . betrayed a still greater desire to save the public from sucli a depredator . The prisoner , who hail been extremely attentive to the statements made . ' ( gainst her , upon hearing the observations of the nephew , appeared to be much more exasperated against him than against either of tbe others , and declared that ho was guilty of the vilest treachery towards hw . —Alderman ( Jibbs ( to the prisoner ) : You seemed to be in great distress of mind when put to that bar . What was the cause of it ? —Tliu prisoner snid the wretches who accused her bad combined to dostr , y her , particularly us the nephew of the man who caused her to be apprehended wanted to get rid of her , and thought the easiest way of doing that effcutually would be to charge her with robbery , which they nil well knew she had uever any idea of committing . — Alderman Gibbs asked the prisoner what reason she had

      for apprehending ill-treatment iroin the young man move than from either of the others ?—The prisoner said the person to whom tho Alderman alluded had , when she was sixteen yeais of age , seduced her , and it was by him she had been introduced to the prosecutor and his daughter , who joined him in fabricating those robberies of which they all spoke . Not one word had any one of them uttered against her as thief until the moment before she was taken into custody . —Aluernian Gibbs ( to the nephew ) : Is it truo tliat you have been living with ; this girl ?—The nephew : Why , yes , I have been living with her , but that ' s 110 excuse for lier robbing me . — The prisoner : The wretch knows , my lord , that the clothes he says I robbed him of were my own olothos , whiull , liko a fool , I pawned to supp ly him with money . They have sent me to pawn tilings tliat they mi « ht have charges to bring against me by calling pawnbrokers to give evidence against me , and by sucli means transport me . —Alderman Gibbs—How did yuu happen to become acquainted with him ? The prisoiier : About two years ' ago lie constantly came after me when I was at service , aud at last lie prevailed upon me to get leave to go with him to the Surrey Theatre , aud he

      afterwards gave me some drink that was drugged , for , upon coming to my senses , I found myself with him in an infamous house . —Alderman Gibbs : And you remaiued with'him since?—Tho prisoner : Yes , my lord ; and he now wants to get rid of me through tUu Old lSailey . Ho is sometimes called Thomas Sluirpc , and sometimes Thomas Spencer ; and he and his uncle are connected with a gang of swindlers , who have been long cheating tbe town by false references . —Alderman Gibbs : Well , Jh \ Uennct , you heav what she says ?—The prosecutor nodded his head . —Alderman Gibbs : And what do you think of it ?—The prosecutor : It ' s not the fact , my Lord , —The prisoner : Sot the tact ! Can you deny that you keep elsewhere an infamous house yourself ? You know you can't and that your daughter attends to it ?—Alderman Gibbs ' Is that the easu , Mr . Beunet ?—The prosecutor : No inv Lord . I ean assure jour Lordship that the prisoner has committed these robberies . What she says about us h . is nothing to do with tho robbery .-Alderman Gibbs : 1 shall take care to inquire into the matter . What she says about you has a good dual to do with the charges . —The prisoiier : He can't deny , my lord , that two of Ids and his

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      . nephewJs ^ pa ] 8 / : jwh £ hav £ W swindling transactions , in- giving false references' ani false characters , have been lately-, dischargedfrom prison His . hephewi T the ^ > hp ; charBes , \ me . \ rtUi " r 6 bHinBhii » i ' Has a pair of my earnngs .-AIderroan Gibb s ' desired to * seetheeirrings . -The nephew : They are not her ' s ; be . sides , Thave not ' ffot- them . —The pnsoner : He Weot them in his pocket now , ray Lord . —Alderman Gibba Come , come ; if you don't produce them I shall eauseyou to be searched . . The nephew then , produced what was re . quired , and said he really did not know that he had them about him . The prisoner : My lord , this person who has come forward so treacherously against me , was himself before vour Lordshin . six months ago , under the name of « . ; .,. ...,

      Thomas Ryder Walker . —Alderman Gibbs ( to the nephew ) Is that the case?—The nephew :. 1 : know nothing about it , my Lord . —Mr . Goodman , the chief clerk , on referring to a former book of the date . named by the prisoner , saja the name appeared in tliat book . —Alderman Gibbs said he could not think of keeping the pris ' oner one moment upon such evidence , and ordered that her property and the duplicates which she claimed as her own , should be given up to her , and that care should be taken of her in the Compter for a few days ,. until inquiry should be made as to the best means of restoring her to her mother , a very poor woman , to whom she was most anxious to go once more . On Monday a policeman , who was directed by Alderman Gibbs to make the necessary investigation , informed Mr . Goodman that lie had already asoevlained that the most important parts of the poor girl ' s statement were correct . WORSHIP STREET . CnuriTr to a Chimd . — On Monday , Ellen Biley was charged with having ' cvuelly treated and otherwise ill . treated her stepdaughter , Elizabeth Riley , 11 years of age . On entering the witness-box , the wretched appearance of the child excited general commiseration , her whole apparel consisting of a tattered cotton frock , the upper part of which was saturated with blood proceeding from a severe wound in the side of her head , and she had neither , shoes , stockings , nor a vestige of under clothing . It appeared from the child ' s statement , that the prisoner had for along time been in the habit of ill-treating and almost starving her . Police-constable H 70 stated , that after taking the prisoner into custody , they were followed to the station , house by several hundred persons , who displayed such a determination to execute summary vengeance upon the woman , that his hat was several times knocked oft" in his efforts to protect her from violence . . Mr , Bingham said he should order the prisoner to pay ajpenalty of SI ., or undergo two months'imprisonment , and at the expiration of that term , she must find two sureties for her good behaviour , for a further period of six months .

      SOUTHWARK . A Leap from Watemoo Bridge—On Tuesday , Charles Smith was charged with ma king a very determined attemntu pon his life by throwing himself off the centre arch of Waterloo-bridgeintotha river . Inspector Everest of the Thames Police , stated tliat on Sunday night , the 3 rd inst ., about twelve o ' clock , while on dutym a boat on . the r iver , on passing one of the arches of Waterloo-bridge , the tide running down at the time , his attention was called oh hearing a heavy splashin thewater , He ^ immediately rowed to the spot from whence he heard the noise , and after some little time saw a man floating . on the : surface , and succeeded in dragging him into the boat . He was perfectly insensible , and finding him in that condition he lost no time in conveying him , with assistance , to the feathers , in the Waterloo-road ; and Mr . ' Handy , a surgeon residing in the neighbourhood , having been lmmediatelv called in , the usual remedies for producing resuscita

      tion were adopted with success . It was , however , oDservea the patient had received such , serious injuries in precipitating himself from such a height off the bridge , that it was deemed necessary to have him afterwards taken to Charing-cross Hospital , in which institution he remained until the present occasion . Mr . Cottingham questioned the defendant as to his situation m life , and the cause of his having made such ft determined attempt at suicide , [ n replv . the young man stated that he was in the employ of Sand-Ly , a cutler , and that on the Sunday , „ question he spent the evening with some fhends at Waiworth , and thathehr . d no recollection of the circumstance above described until subsequently to his removal to the hospital , and co uld now assure the magistrate that he deeply resetted the attempt he had made upon his life , Mr Cottingham having addressed some usetul advice to the young man , permitted him to be delivered into tha care of his parent .

      BOW STREET . Serious Robbebt . —A young man , in the garb of 4 sailor was charged with stealing a valuable collection of drawing by Wilkie , and a number of books , in all worth about 300 guineas , the property of his recent employer , Mr Stewart , bookseller , of King William-street , West Strand . Tha prisoner had besn in the service of Mr , Stewart as an errand boy , , having abscondrd about ten weeks ago . The book of drawings , estimated at 209 guineas value , witb . other property , was missed from the premises , and constable Thompson , learning that the prisoner had gone to Sheerness , and enlisted as a sailor in herMatestv ' s shin Ocean , went in pursuit of him with a

      warrant and took him into custody . The officer found that the prisoner had given the name of John Wilson , The captain of the vessel put some questions to the pri . soner , in the presence of Thompson , which led to his con . fession that he had stolen the property , but had not par . ticipated in the whole of it , others , he said , having been concerned in the robbery . It appeared that he had parted with the drawings for an old sword , but they had since been recovered . The prisoner now repeated the above statements , and said that if Mr . Stewart , the prosecutor , would furnish him with his catalogue of book ? , he would point out those which he had . stolen from time to time , and which hehad sold at different periods . Mr , nenrjremanded him for a fortnight .

      Tiie Assassination in Dkcet-iane . —On Wednesday , John Graham , the youth who stands charged with causing the death of Thomas Blewitt , a lithographic printer , by Shooting him with a loaded pistol , was brought up for final examination . — The magistrate wasinfovinedthattha principal witness , Louisa Cook , who gave evidence on the former examinations , was seriously ill in St . Giles ' s workhouse , and in the course of the day , Mr . Burgess , the surgeon proved that the young woman was suftenng from dysentery , which would prevent her leaving the hospital to eire evidence at the present sessions should the pn soner be committed . —Mr . Henry said , in that case , hi would order the prisoner to be remanded for a fortnight ,

      GUILDHALL . Caution to Matrisionial Speculators . —On Tuesday , ftll Irishman , of rather repulsive countenance , but well dressed , named Joseph Mortimer , wag charged , before Alderman Farncombc , with robbing a buxom dame , of about forty , named Eliza Lawyer , of £ 24 in gold , besides a large quantity of wearing apparel , under the tollowiag curious circumstances—Complainant stated , that about tUree months since , she advertised in tlie Times for a situation as cook or housekeeper to a single gentleman , she received an artewer from the prisoner , saying , that if slie felt an inclination to change her situation in life , he should be happy to communicate witb her on the subject . A day was appointed , and she met him at a friend ' s house in South-street , Grosveuor-square . He represented himsch as a centleman and a merchant , of good property , ironl New York , andawidowGiOvith but one daughter ; and concluded by asking her if she was willing to alter her

      station in life . She replied , that she had no objection . A meeting was then appointed far the next day at her ( complainant ' s lodgings , No . 1 , North-terrace , South-street , Grosvenor-square , when he asked her if she had any objeetion to go to New York , and she said sue had not ; she would go anywhere if she could be happy , as she had no ties to keep her in England at all . —Alderman rarneombe ; At the first meeting , did he inquire if you had any property 1—Complainant : No , he did not . The complainant proceeded to state that after a few more interviews it was agreed that they should be married . On this being known to some of her creditors , she was arrested by one of them in the hope that the prisoner would pay ; but finding tbat would not be the case tlie party liberated her again . In consequence of the arrest the marriage was postponed , and eventually it was agreed that as soon as she could settle her affairs they should proceed to Manchester , and there be united . 15 eing annoyed b y her creditors , she removed to a coflee-shui > in the Commercial-road , he coining to live with her as her husbaud until they were married . They moved about to various places , and at last went to France , where she had to receive about £ 40 . left her by

      her late husband ' s father . After staying there about a fortnight , they reluvned , and went to . aeoffeo-shop called the Hainbow . —Alderman Parncombe : During all this period who found all the money 1—Complainant : I did . lie snid that he had plenty of money at Liverpool , and that as they were eventuully to be married it was little diftereuce who found the cash . During the time they stayed at the KaiwVow she was enabled to arrange u « affairs , and on the Good Friday they were to start tor Liverpool ; but on thuprevious day , about ten o ' clock , ho left the house , saying lie would return at twelve o ' clock , but she had not seen him since until he was taken into custody . She gave the prisoner the money to take care of , but never consented to his making use of it . On tlw Wednesday previous to his leaving her , she gave lii »> » number of duplicates of clothes , which he was to get outw pledge , some of which he did , aud took with him , tiesides * box of clothes . —AldurmanFavneombe : How did you meet with him again ?—Complainant : I again advei tised fin "» Similar Situation , antl receiving theibllowingletter , a friend proceeded to the address , and tho prisoum 1 baing recoj 1 nised was given into custody .

      Mr . Teague ( the chief clerk ) then read the letter , 0 ' which the following is a literal copy , amidst much 1 UUSUter :- " Chelsea . M ,,,-15 . "Madam , —I wad your advertisement , and I d \ i want a companion , audilt yi . u wish to change your life : ig . iin , » am the chap . 1 do belong to the city of New York , aim 1 am a merchant there and have been for seventeen years . 1 am a widower , and have a dautur nine years of age . l am thirty-seven years oi age . I have brout over tiower from New York , COO barrels . 1 havo not sold it vet . l have ii innconic < f 700 a yeare . I will' give my win . ' liberty to bring a friend or a servant out , I will pay tho pasage . I was wared to 11 Kcut lady in the city of York > and iil'du got a wife , and you be the won , you may depca on love and kinos furni uiu ami no mistake , itfyou ui think well of this aud rito me , i will a tend to it . direct to J . 11 ., postoffice , Kiug ' s-road , opisit tho man in the moon , yours truly , hu uos 1 may be your husband ,

      "J . iloimitEll , " to L . E ., No . 3 i , Gough-street , Mount Pleasant , Gray ' s inn road . " Prisonei' to complainant : When we wero iu I ' avis , uw I not come home 0110 night and iind another man iu bed with you ?—Complainant : 1 heard you say there was 011 O 1 but 1 was not conscious of it , having taken a littlu champagne , which rendered me rather stupid , not being accustomed to it . The prisoner then accused her of having a child brought home , which she had by u uoblumnn , aud also to the fact of his having turned three nienout of her room when in Paris , both of which accusations she denied most positively . Alderman Farncombu remarked that tM questions the prisoner was asking had nothing to do wW

      bis absconding with the complainant's money . —JL ' risoner-Then all I say is , thnt I am not guilty . Sarah Smith , the Coinmi'iTinl-rpnd East , was called to prove that the prisoner passed himself off as complainant ' s husband , a '" that lie ones introduced her as Mre . Hvetimev , : wd a ' to the fact of his taking tlie box away . She had also been to the parties in the City whom hu . represented ashi * ageiits , and they said that there was a Air . Mortimer , of Cheltenham-square , iSew York , and that if the prisoner was the party , he was highly respectable , but thut they could not identity him . The prisoner declined saying ? anything more than that he was not guilty of the chargi / was remanded , in order to make further inquiries rcspw'fiug him , as it is supposed , that he has been carrying 1 ' this trade to some extent .

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      street , Wayniarket , in the City of Westminster -u i" ° Oiiice , in the same Street and Parish , ibr t » u W pvictor , VEAHGUS O'OOXNOU , Esq ., « ml puWishol by William Hhwiw , ot -Vo . IS , Charlcb-strcet , Uratt j dun-street , -vYalwortli , iu the Parish of St . ilury , Xe » V ington , in the County ul' Surrey , at the UlRce , Xo . lo Great Windmill-streot , ilaymarket , m ... the Citj 0 Westminster . Saturday , May 23 , 1 S 16 .

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      —¦ L ... ^ . - . . v ¦¦; r -:- •¦• - ~ TO THE ^ OLES ,-"All Mm art Brttiirtn , " - ^— — — - ¦ -. -- ' ¦ ' ¦¦ -jj .. nnTT -- ^ . „ , "" iit-iHM-i' -iii . n . n

      Pow»!—H «» oic Friends ANn BB 0 THBB 8 , Assembled to pay a solemn nomiige to the memonei of the distinguished Martyrs of your Fatherland , we de « in this a fitting occaBion ' to ad dress you iu tmi .. . wnguage of fraternal sympathy an d hope , —sympathy tor the past and present sufferings of your greatly-wronged country , and hope of that future which shall seerpiana s wrongs redressed , and her chUdren reaping the fruits 01 the seed sown by thelrmartyred fathei'B . . . ' . On the 25 th of March list , at « great meeting hojdam abhor

      id this Metropolis , we expressed onr unqualified - rence of the several acts of wrong and robbery known in historj as the partitions of Poland , we vindicated your rigntto regiBtand overthrow , by every means at . . your command , the despotisms which oppress you . Lastly , we petitioned the British Parliament to exercise its power and influence to stay the progress of Poland ' s executioners , and enforce that establishment of Polish rights which vte regard as indispenaiWe for the happ iness of the Polish nation , the security of the neig hbouring states , and the consolidation of the peace of Europe .

      : The professing friends of Poland belonging to the ««' privileged orders " refused to join us in our endeavours to move the British Government in jour behalf , under the pretext that it was not the fitting time ; and we regret to say that our appeal was unheeded . Wo are of " the people , " and the voice of those who belong to "tbe peoplb" ig aot always respected by the British Parliament . We have witnessed with profound emotion the heroic acts on the part of your brethren engaged in the recent outbreak , and our sympathies have been powerfully excited by the martyrdom of so many pure and noble

      patriots . The holiest struggles , even when crowned with victory , are too oftj ^ faccompanied by the loss of the good and the brave , struck down by the bolts of tyranny . Alas ! Poland has to number the loss of warrior-martyrs to a greater extent th an any other nation of modern times . If acts of bravery and devotion , rivalling those of the itnmortnl hsroeg of Marathon and Thermopylae could have secured victory to the friends of right , Poland would long before this have achieved her freedom , but overwhelming brute force , and other unfavourable circunwtanees , have ' hitherto beefl sufficiently powerful to prevent the triumph of

      "The noble » t cause that pen or sword Of mortal ever lost or gained . " Kecent events hare added to the long- list of warrior-martyrs who have fallen sabre or scy the In hand , pouring out their heart ' s blood for Poland and Liberty , The fate of these however , is " rather to be imitated than mourned over . " Future generations of Poland ' s " children happy in the freedom which will assuredly be theirs , vrill honour the names of their brave sires , and exultingly cry —" as they died to win libsrtj so if need be will we die to maintainit . "

      But other victims elaim our sympathy , not slain in battle . broil , but pitilessly slaughtered by assassin hands ; we allude to the dreadful massacres in the Circle of Tarnow . All Europe has been horrified by the accounts of the murdtrs so saragely perpetrated in that portion of unhuppy Poland , and the horror naturally excited by these shocking atrocities has been greatly augmented by the alleged fact that these assassinations were the work of the Polish peasantry , the victims being their own countrymen , the Polish nobles . It has been also stated that the peasants were influenced by a desire to uphold the Austrian despotism and prevent there-establishment of their own country ' s freedom . Could we believe these assertions , we might indeed despair of Poland ; but happily wo know these statements to be calumnies invented by the organisers of the massacres , to cover Iheir oWtt infamy .

      We have authentic information tbat these mamcret were excited by the agents of the Austrian government , who seeing that the insurrection was abeut to burst forth u-. ed the most perfidious means to excite the peasantry against the nobles . Austrian emissaries were seat into the villages of Gallieia , to represent to the peaaaatry that the nobles had no other object in . view than their own aggrandisement and the more complete eusiavement of the peasants , and that the Austrian government was the " paternal" head whom the peasants should support as their protector . The Austrian authorities promised a pecuniary reward for every Poliih gentleman who should be delivered into tfceir hands dead or alive . Spirituous liquors were abundantly

      supplied to stimulate the work of murder . The peaaants who were induced to engage in these atrocities were for the mast part sarfs of the Crown who had been in the military service of Austria , added to which , Austrian soldiers arid other emissaries were disguise * as peasant * and sent amongst the people , and these were the assassins who commenced the murders . To make sure of this atrocious scheme producing the desired destruction of the patriotic nobles , the Austrian authorities , while offerin- twenty florins for a living Polish noble , offered double the sum if the victim was brought to them dead . These horrible means were but too successful , and one of the darkest pages in the history of Poland nOWTflCOl'ds the daughter of the victims of Austrian perfidy .

      0 / course it is not necessary to inform you of these deplorable facts , but we repeat them for the information of our own countrymen , aufi injustice to the Polish ari * tocracy and the Polish peasantry , calumniated by the enslaved Austrian press . We are no admirers of aristocracies , and the Polish nobility are open to heavy charges , which will forever live is history . By the abasement of the great body of their countrymen , and tbe corrupt intrigues , and factious divisions in their own ranks , they caused the ruin of their country ; but bitterly has succeeding generations suffered for the sins of their fathers , and many of the nobility hare gloriously striven to redeem the errors of tUeir class . Some of the chief of Poland ' s sons , great not only as heroes and martyre , but also as chan-plons of equal justice , struggling « nd suffering for tha freedom of all classes , have belonged to the Polish nobility . The

      immortal Kosciosko is an illustrious example of these true patriots , who though a noble himself , fought in the garb Of 8 peasant , as a symbol that his valorous deeds had for their object the liberty of the entire Polish people . The agents of the usurping despotisms have industriously propagated the idea that the Polish nobles are still opposed to the emancipation of the serfs , but that is not true . In 1818 the nobility of Lithuauiu , petitioned the Emperor Alexander forleaveio emancipate theitf peasants , which petition was insultingly rejected . In 18 H the Galliclan Diet petitioned the Austrian Emperor for the same purpose , but tho prayer was refused and the petitioners reprimanded ; in less than two years afterwai ds , the men who had nobly endeavoured to liberate the serf * were pitilessly murdered , the Austriangovemment reprssfluting to the deluded peasantry , tbat the nobles were their enemies . Was ever crime more horrible ? WaB ever

      treachery more perfidious ! The puasantry are not as has been , represented , the willing supporters of the usurpations which oppress them in common with the rest of their countrymen . In the revolution of 1830-31 , they flocked in thousands to the national standard , in four days the republic of Cracow alone furnished a force of sixty thousand men armed with scythes . Thess soldiers of the people displayed the most htroic courage and had tlieir efforts been properly seconded by tbe Provisional Government , Poland would then , iu all probability , have achieved her freedom .

      The Gallician assassinations will for ever remain a monument of the perfidj and cruelty of the Austrian despotism . That despotism affects to be the chief con-? rvator of existing compacts and institutions , the champion ofall present usurpations , privileges , and abuses , and yet it has laboured by the most atrocious means to oxcite one class of the community to exterminate the other . But this is iu accordance with its abominable maxim : — " Divide and conquer . " In Italy , Hungary , and Poland , it has ever ruled by provoking discord between different classes , and the massacres of'farnow form the crowning infamy of this atrocious system . Such a government merits and must have the execration of the liuman race , If it has to contend with conspirators within , it may be assured that it has enemies without , who are to be numbered by millions and are ranged under urery national banner in Europe ,

      Brethren , with you we mourn the martyrs sacrificed by the ruthless Kussian autocrat . In vain has the Russian tyrant sought to cover with infamy the victims of his fury by consigning them to the gallows , —tbe names of I ' ototski , Zaiiski , and KocmsitEVSKi , will be worthily asso-Ciilted . with . YOWoWicu tho brave , Zavisha the " true , " VtNNiTSKi the during , and JioNAnsKi tlie immortal . Even while penning this address new horrors crowd upon us : we hear of the viciiins Kbdlewdi and Zawatzsky djing under the strokes of the barbarous knout ; aud still mur * horrible , we hear of the martyred lady Kkosnowka

      / Jogged to death for having dared to write to the Polish exiles iu Paris . Brethren , words cannot cxpross our emotions , nor describe your wrongs . Shame , eternal shame on the governments of England and Prance , who having £ tho power to punish and preveut these enormities " do not use that power . From the gouerumerits w « turn to the people , and appeal to you , O Englishmen and Frenchmen ; we appeal to you men of ail nations , women of all nations , against the woman-flogging tyrant Nicholas , We pronounce him the enemy of the human race , and we appeal to you to confirm OUr

      rcrdiot . The Prussian government if less sanguinary , is move hypocritical . The Prussian king , pretending to liberalism , has shown himself the enemy alike of German aud of Polish freedom , content to fill the ignominious ofiice of "jailer and jackal to the Tsar . " The hundreds of victims now confined in tho dungeons of Po&en attest too well tlie claim of the Prussian king to this hateful distinction . Brethern , a great future is before you , in which will be realised those visions of freedom and glory which have cheered so intiny of your brothers iu the hour of trial . The day of your triumph , whether near or far , may undoubtedly be accelerated by union among yourselves .

      Thnt union , to be effective , must be based upon broad and unmistiikeablc principles . A union founded on the agreement to establish an hereditary monarchy in a certain family could not be lasting , for it would be unjust and opposed to tbe ideas of Polieh freedom . It would be unjust , because a few hundreds or thousands of exiles have no right to legislate for the Polish nation , inoro larticulaily such legislation as would bind future generations . It would be opposed to Polish Ideas , because the geuius of Polish libert y is essentially Republican . Again , a union founded 011 the agreement to establish a nominal Uepublic , tbat is a government without a king , but in the ekotion of which the majority of the people had no voice , would be unjust

      Police Intelligence*

      police Intelligence *

      Untitled Article

      * . A « mrTtii ) W qtaK May 23 , 1846 . ¦ - ¦ TH-iR- ^ Nft . R . TH . ]^ ¦ * " ' " L ' ' ¦ .. ji " iii Mi | . 5 . „ . - O

      I'Rinted By Dotjgal Ll'gowan, Oi'lfi . Great Windmill

      I ' rinted by DOTJGAL ll'GOWAN , oi'lfi . Great Windmill

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), May 23, 1846, page 8, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1367/page/8/