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Northern Star (1837-1852), 23rd May 1846, Edition 1 of 3, Page 7, Untitled Article

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      jhifconn try which render such a measure as this neces sary to our continued well-being , ana which authorizes pich a change as is now proposed . If we are a commer cial and mann&ctnring people , and if commerce is flour ishing , trhy should not manufactures 1 » prosperous ? jtnow it has heen said , and may be said again , what agnifies agticultorein a country essentially commercial . and manufacturing ? But now I come to the parties « io are likely to put these questions , and who have been . opposed to us in the course of this struggle . I find a t ) odv of men eminent far their eloquence , distinguished -for their energy , and more distinguished for their energy and their eloquence than for their knowledge of human nature or their acquaintance with political science . I $ m not one of those who have erer spoken disrespectfoU of that body of mea ; I see in them a great commercial

      confederation , exercising a great influence ever their fellow-subjects . Although I disapprove of their doctrines , yet the same liberty of speech to -which all other men are entitled , must not he denied to them . Although . 1 disapprove of their doctrines , I admire the men who , possessing their ability , and who , filling a private station , yet prond of their own energy , handed themselves together for the purpose of accomplish ing a great , and , what appeared to them a laudable object . Although they seemed to me to take only a oneaded View of the question with which they undertook to ^ eaJ , yet I nerer could forget that they were engaged in -the promotion of a great cause , and I should be the last to say that they are not entitled to the public respect This country exists by free discussion . If any man supposes that opinion can he put down otherwise than by

      freediscasaen , ne makes a very great mistake , and he contributes to the invasion of our liberties . If the Anti-Com Law league be pernicious—if its doctrines be deleterious—if they lead to confusion—if they be adverse to the interests of a free country—if there be a party in this ¦ country « h © thought all this , and who thinking it prepared 18 resist that vast confederation by similar energy ty active organization , by intellectual power , and who also devoted themselves to that which they believed to be Just and right , what hope would there be for the country if they did possess an able advAate ; hut finding one in tvkose ability they placed confidence , and whose integrity they never foi a moment doubted , and finding him , they found with him those who not only accepted the trust of guiding this great party , fent eagerly sought for the possession of that trust . ( Loud cheers ) The following

      body—they who were represented by these elected chiefs , Or those rather who assumed to be leaders—the represented body , I say , naturally slept at their posts ; it was not fer us to come forward . " But even if we had come forward we did not possess the organization which is calculated to impart that confidence to others which would enable us to meet hostility ; instead of that we trusted to others . ( Much cheering . ) "We trusted that others who accepted and challenged the position of onr leaders would protect our interests and carry out our views . But what happens ? The right hon . baronet told his friends during the present session that he had on previous occasions gvren them Toy many significant hints . He told us that even so far back as last year , lord Grey had found him Out ( loud cheering ) : and the right hon . baronet seemed surprised to find that people could have been so long

      mistaken In Wm , But these observations do not apply to me . I was not quite so late as others in malting the dis covery . Two jears ago he rose and appealed to me as a Protectionist ; but I thought then , and I said so too , that protection was , in 1814 , pretty nearly in the same state that Protestantism was in the year 1 S 2 S—some of my friends were at that time quite indignant at my saving any thing Of the sort , but they are now good enough to acknowledge that this instead of being a calumny was only a prophecy , and the right hon . baronet may now congratulate himself on the complete success with which he has entirely deceived his party . ( Cheers . ) Even the noble lord the member for Lynn , in a moment of frank conversation , assurred me that he trusted in the right hon . baronet , because he believed that he could make the best bargain far tie-Projectionists ; and ieassnTidmefortherthatit

      was not until the last moment that he entertained the least doubt respecting the intentions of the light hon . hart . He thought our leader , as he then was supposed to be , was about the important work of making the best bargain that nnJer the circumstauces could be hoped for ; bat in time there seemed tobe some ground for suspicion , and donbts arose as to - whether or aot he was likely to make the best bargain . Do honaurahle gentlemen now think that he has made the be ? t possible bargain for us ? ( Cheers . ) Suddenly the absolute truth came out , and the discovery of it seemed to confound every one -who sits 1 c ihls pari of ilie house , if I exespt the humblest of the number . At last the announcemenr ivas made , and it was regarded as a social revolution : and what were the circumstances under which it was made ? Were hon . Mntlemen called together ; was there any tiling like an

      assemblage of the members of both houses , or of either house of Parliament ! 2 fo , the announcement was made in the columns of a public journal—there it was made for the first time . It is well known that that journal is tarefnl never to insert intelligence of importance except upon the bishest authority . ( Cheers . ) The effect of this annoueeraent upon foreign Courts and upon foreign Ministers was indeed remarkable . I happened to be abroad at the time , and I can bear witness to the effects ¦ which it produced . foreign potentates sent to English Ambassadors demanding au explanation . There were Ambassadors calling upon great potentates , and assuring tlieni that there was not a word of truth in the statement . ( Hear , hear . ) Members of the government were iound esUinjrupoa other newspapers , and prevailing on them to state that the first announcement was nothing but an 5 m- j

      padeni fabrication ( Hear , hear ) ; after many negotiations taie omnipotent minority of the Cabinet prevailed , but not cnal several Machiavellian manauvres had been tried , and Cabinet after Cabinet had been formed andieformed ; r ?~ a then , after all this , the ri ^ ht hon . baronet acts as if Sfi liafl deseitefl Irim . ( Hear . ) AYUo can forget his toue —who can forget his iudignant glance . " Veciaborhumeris tune ego inimicis eques Mcoeque terra cedit insolenthe ;" which is to say that a protection Minister means to govern England witli tke aid of . the Ami-Corn Law League , anil as for the country gentlemen , they may snap their fingers . ( Cheers and laughter . ) But it appeared to me even then that the right hon . gentleman had no cause to complain of his party . It is very true , that on a subsequent occasion 210 " entlemen recorded their sense of his conduct ;

      bat he might have remembered that a considerable section of them were converted and obtained at the last hour . ( Hear , hear . ) Why , what a compliment it was to a Minister , not only to vole for him , but to vote against their own opinions and in favour of opinions which he had always drilled them to oppose ! ( Hear , hear . ) It was a scene , I bdieve , unprecedented in the House of Gammons . Indeed , 1 recollect nothing equal to it , asless it be the conversion of the Saxons by Charlemagne . That is the only historical incident which bears any resemblance to that illustrious occasion . ( Kenewedcheers and laughter . ) The Saxons turned ironi the banks of the Rhine , determined to resist by every means the movements of the army © f the great Cfflsar ; but when the emperor himself appeared in person , instead of conuuering them , lie converted them . And how did he

      convert Ihcm ? Why , he converted them in battalions , aad baptized them in platoons . It was utterly impossible to bring them iu from a state of reprobation to a state of grace with a celerity sufficiently quick ; ( Loud cheers . ) V . 'iien I saw his 112 followers , rank and file , I was irresistibly reminded in a moment of the incident on the banks of the Rhine . Andnowluiast say a word in vindication of the right hon . baronet . ( Laughter . ) I think that great injustice has been done to him throughout the debate ; that a justifiable misconception has universally prevailed respecting the right hon . gentleman . He has been accused of a long meditated deception , of a desire worthy of a great statesman—even of an unprincipled one —to give up all the opi nions by -whithhe rose to power . 1 acguittherighthon . gentleman of any such intention , and I co so for this reason , that when I examine the career of

      the Minister who now fills agreat space in the Parliamentary history of this country , I see that between 30 and 40 years , from the days of Homer down to the days of the hon . member for Stoeltport , the right hon . gcntleman has traded on theideas and intellects of others . ( Cheers . ) His life has been a great appropriation clause . ( Renewed Cheers and laughter . ) He has been the burglar of others intellects . Optn the index of Beatson . andfnnn the days Of the Conqueror aown to the termination of last reign ¦ y ou Will find no statesman who lias committed jetty larceny on so great scale . { Cheers . ) I believe , therefore that when the right hon . gentleman undertook our cause on cither side of the house he was perfectly sincerein his advocacy . But as in the course of the discussion the conventionalities he had imbibed crumbled away from his ^ rasp feeling no creative power to sustain him witi new

      arguments—feeling no spontaneous sentiment to force upon him conviction ; the right hon . gentleman was reduced at last to defending the noblest cause , based on the highest principles , the right hon . gentleman , faithful to the law of his nature , embraced the new doctrines , the more vigorous , life-like , popular doctrines of free-trade , just as he had embraced the doctrines of Horner ; jus as he had embraced the doctriue of every leading man in this country for the last 30 or 40 ytars , with the exception of the doctrine of Parliamentary reform , which the " vThigs wisely kept as their own , and did notallow to grow to sufficient maturity to fall into the month of the right hon . gentleman . ( Loud cheers . ) TUe rigut hon . gentle-^ nan tells us he does not feel humiliaiefl . It is impossible for any one to know what are the feelings of another ;

      feeling depends in a great measure upon temperatement ; It depends upon the idiosyncracy of the individual ; it depends upon the organization of the animal that feels . { Laughter . ) Bntltdl the right hon . gentlemanj that althoughhemaynot feel humiliated , the country ought zo feel humiliated . ( Loud cheers . ) In place of the selfcomplacency of agreat nation—in place of the justifiable pride ef Englishmen in one who from his position has contrived to occupy the highest rank amongst his fellowcitizens , it is felt , as Deau Sivift said of another Minister , that he is a gentleman who has the perpetual misfortune to be mistaken ; and even now in this , the last scene of -the drama , when the party whom he unintentionally betrayed and unintentionally annihilated—even now at the last scene , the right hon . gentleman , faithful to the law of

      Ms being , is going to pass a project , which I believe it is matter of notoriety is not of his own invention ; one Tvbich may have been somewhat modified , but which I believe , was in substance offered to another Government and by that Govern , jnent wisely rejected . ( Hear , hear . ) The first day after the right hon . gentleman made his exposition to this house , a gentleman well known to the house , and learned in all the political secrets behind the scenes , -metme , and said , ""What do you think of your chief ' s plan ! " i said I did not know exactly what to say about

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      it , but , toose the phrase of the hour , I supposed it was agreat and comprehensive plan . ( Laughter . ) "Oh , " he replied , " we know all about it ; it is not his plan at alLitisPopkins ' s plan . " ( Boars of laughter . ) And , Sir , is England to be governed and convulsed for Poplans ' splan ? Will he go to the country with it ? Trill he appeal to the people upon such a plan ? Will he appeal to that ancient and famous England which was once governed by statesmen such as Burleigh and Walsingaam , Bolingbroke and Tfalpole , Chatham and Canningwill he appeal to England on a fantastic scheme of tome presumptuous pedant ! I will not believe it . ( Cheers . ) I have that confidence in the common sense and common spirit of my countrymen to believe that they will no longer endure the huckstering tyranny of the treasury bench , or of the political pedlar who bought his party in

      the cheapest market and sold them in the dearest ( Laughter and cheers . ) I know that there are men who tell me that the time is gone by when we may appeal to thehigh and honourable impulses that were once tho mainstay and main element of the English character . I know that we appeal to a people who have been debauched by public gambling , and -who have been stimulated and encouraged by an inefficient and shortsighted Ilinistry . I know that the public mind has been filled to intoxication with schemes by which the people might become rich , without the interference of industry and toil . I know , too , that all confidence in public men is lost , ( near , hear . ) But I have faith in the primitive enduring element of English character . ( Cheers . ) It

      may be that now , in the midnig ht of their intoxication , they will not heed me , but I tell them that there will be an awakening , and in tho spring tide of their frenzy ^ I warn them of the end of trouble . That dark and inevitable hour will arrive , and perhaps they will then recur to . those principles which made England great , and which , in my opinion , alcne can keep England great ; and it may chance that they will remember , not with unkindnsss , those who , betrayed and deserted themselves , were neither ashamed nor afraid to struggle for the good old cause ; the cause associated with principles the most popular , sentiments the most entirely national ; the cause of labour , the cause of the people , the cause of EDgland . ( The hon . member resumed his seat amidst applause which lasted folly two minutes . )

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      Coxrojf MAjfUFAcrcKES . —( From the Manchester Exauuner . )—The following ig an account " of the total quantities and declared value of cotton manufactures , entered by the yard , exported from the United Kingdom , in each , year from 1 S 11 to 1 S 45 , both , inclusive : " Quantity Declared Talue . Yards . & 1814 ... 192 , 340 , 825 ... 16 , 480 , 750 1315 ... 252 . S 84 . 029 ... 18 , 15 S , 172 1 S 16 ... 1 S 9 , 263 , 731 ... 12 . 309 . 079 . 1 S 17 ... 236 . 9 S 7 , C 69 ... 13 , 475 . 534

      181 S ... 255 . 3 S 1 . 69-5 ... 15 , 708 , 183 1819 ... 202 , 314 , fi 82 ... 11 . 714 , 507 1520 ... 230 , 956 , 541 ... 13 , 209 , 000 1521 ... 266 . 495 , 901 ... 13 , 192 , 904 1 522 ... 304 , 479 , 691 ... 13 . S 53 . 954 1 S 3 S ... SOl . 816 , 9-54 ... 12 , 980 , 044 1824 ... 344 . 651 , 133 ... 14 , 448 , 255 1 S 25 ... 336 , 466 , 69 S ... 14 , 233 , 010 1826 ... 267 , 060 , 534 ... 9 , 866 , 623 1 S 27 ... 365 , 492 , 804 " ... 12 , 948 . 035 1823 , „ § 63 , 328 , 431 , „ 12 , 483 , 249 1829 ... 402 . ol 7 . 197 ... 12 , 516 , 247 1 S 30 ... 444 . 578 . 43 S ... 14 , 119 , 970

      1531 ... 421 , 885 , 303 ... 12 , 1 G 3 , 513 1532 ... 461 , 045 , 503 ... 11 , 500 , 630 1533 ... 496 , 352 . 096 ... 12 . 451 . 060 1534 ... 555 , 703 , 809 ... 14 , 127 , 352 1535 ... 557 . 515 , 701 ... 15 , 181 . 143 1 S 3 S ... C 37 , C 67 , G 27 ... 17 , 183 , 167 1 S 37 ... 531 , 373 , 663 ... 12 , 727 , 989 1 S 33 ... 690 , 077 , 622 ... 15 , 554 , 733 1339 ... 731 , 450 , 123 ... 10 , 378 , 445 1840 ... 790 , 631 , 997 ... 16 , 302 , 220 1 SU ... 751 , 125 , 624 ... 14 . 9 S 5 . S 10 1 S 4 2 ... 754 , 098 , S 09 ... 12 . S 87 . 220 1343 ... 91 S . G 40 . 205 ... 15 , 108 , 464 1344 ... l , 0 J « , C 70 , 82-3 ... 17 , G 19 , l 4 C 1343 ... 1 , 091 , 636 , 069 ... 1 S , O 29 , 8 O 3

      The Mormox Emigration * . — The Monuoms of Nauvoo are fairly en route for California . They have all left their old residence , and at the last accounts were just crossing the head waters of ibe Charlton river , about 150 miles west of JKauvoo . A Locofoeo paper has been established at Nauvoo since their departure , and contains some very interesting items of intelligence concerning the progress of the expedition , and ilie general prospects of the country . It states , on the authority of a gentleman travelling with the company , that everything has gone on well , that the party is in good health , and the grand caravan moved slowly , but peacefully . Their progress has been materially retarded by the want of fodder for their live stock ; the grass not having fairly started , reduced them to the necessity of labouring

      for the farmers on the route , tosiipply the deficiency . They travel in detached companies , from five to ten miles apart , and , in point of order , resemble a military expedition . The editor of the Hancock Eagle , the paper referred to , says that he visisted the camp before it broke up . It was in the rigorous weather of February , and the tents were blockaded by snowdrifts ; yet the scene seemed cheerful and animated . From appearances he thought it certain that they would suffer most severely before reaching their destination . It was the intention of at least some of the companies to halt in the valley of the Sweetwater river , and put in a crop for the subsistence of theniselves and others who niav fellow . Numbers were on

      their way from the eastern states to join the expedition . The same paper says , that in the whole town of Nauvoo it would be impossible to purchase a drop of ardent spirit ! No drinking , gambling , or any similar vice had ercr been introduced there , though , as a new class of emigrants was pouring in to take the place of the Mormoms , it seemed altogether probable that they would bring with them the aceompaniments of " civilization . " The Temple was for sale , and a wealthy bachelor gentleman from the south had arrived , with the intention of purchasing it . His object , it is said , is to convert the Temple into an asylum for destitute widows and orphans , and to purchase lands and town lots , and endow it out of the rents of the same .

      SnipwiiECKs . —During the last few days the following serious losses have been made known at Lloyd ' s , the information involving the total wreck of three American traders , and the destruction of a large ship , supposed to be an Indiaman , by fire . Foremost on the list is the wreck of the Trinidad , while on passage to Liverpool , from St . Andrew's where she belonged . She had a general cargo on board , and had every prospect of a quick passage , when suddenly she sprung a leak , which the crew found impossible to stop , and they iook to the rigging , where they remained fer three days , when they were taken off by the schooner Pink , and taken to Saranah . The ship is supposed to have foundered durin . the night they were taken off . The nest loss recorded is that of the Catherine , a large and valuable American , Captain Dill , master , also bound to Liverpool from Halifax . She had thirty-six persons on board , all of whom had a most miraculous escape ,

      the ship having foundered in 46 deg . N . lat . and 48 deg . TV \ long . They were picked up in the boats by the ship Braeus , on board of which they received the greatest hospitality . The third American trader lost is the Rosa , with 1 , 030 bales of cotton on board . She left Mobile on the 7 th ult . for Barcelona , and two days afterwards a fearful gale drove her ashore within a few miles of the port , where she became a total wreck . The William Hannington and the Suir , two large ships , above 300 tons burthen , the former on a voyage from Quebec for London , and the latter for Llanelly , have heth been wrecked in St . George's Bay . On the night of the 22 nd ult . a ship , apparently an Indiaman , was seen on fire in 35 deg . N . lat . 30 deg . \ f . long . Her masts had fallen overboard , and her deck appeared burnt through , and when last aeon she was burnt down to the water ' s edge . The vessel bringing the intelligence ( the Crescent , of Newcastle ) , put about in search of the unfortunate crew , but could see nothing of them .

      Sixculah Combat . —Mr . James , of Plumptoni Cumberland , has some out-buildings which are very much infested with rats . On Saturday morning one of these gentlemen entered a place where two geese were sitting , doubtless on the look out for young goslings , but he met with a wanner reception than he had anticipated ; the geese engaged the lawless intruder , and , after a desperate struggle succeeded in burling him . The inselent wretch was awfully mutilated , for the geese continued nibbling him for vexation long after he had breathed his last . A CniLD Killed by . an Opiate . —On Saturday afternorm an inquest was taken before Mr . Baker , at the Duke of Sussex , Haggerstone Bridge , on the body of Mary Anne Birch , three weeks old , whose death was caused by an overdose of opium mixed with some syrup . - It appeared from the evidence that deceased was living with its mother and father , a ladies' shoemaker , at No . 3 , Mark ' s Place , and that on the Tuesday preceding , as it was very cross , the mother advised to

      was give it some " stuff outof the barrel , ' a preparation ol opium mixed withsyrup , to compose it . She sent a person for it to Mr . Day , chemist , Kingsland Road , who prescribed half a tea spoonful , which was given . Shortly after it was taken , deceased was attacked witU convulsions , while the surface of Us face and body became black . Mr . Hooper , a surgeon , soon attended to deceased , and applied the stomach pump and administered other remedies , but without effect , and it died the following day . The coroner said he wished that Mr . Day was present , in order that he might caution him against selling such a material , and he directed Meadows , the summoning officer , to call upon him , and to state to him , that m the event of a similar case being investigated by him , he might , in charging the jury , hold bam responsible for the death . The jury returned a verdict to the effect , "That death was probably caused by a narcotic poison , which had been incautiously administered . " The Expenses of the Empress of Russia during her sojourn in Italy , are estimated at , £ 40 . 000 per month . ' s

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      STRIKE IN TliE BUIM > ING TRADES . { From the Times of Mortflay . ) The strike of the building trades in the north of England is still kept up with a . vigour which shows the organized power of the workmen andf the firm determination of their masters . In Liverpool and all the great manufacturing towns ( except Birmingham , where matters have been very recently settled by an amieable compromise ) the hand of labour is staid by an enforced idleness , and the developement of the teeming resources of the empire arrested by

      an obstruction which seems of sufficient force to resist all ordinary impulses and incapable of removal except by the extraordinary powers of the State We mentioned , pot long ago , the existence of a great central association of tke workmen of the United Kingdom , to which the local societies are only secondary and subordinate . It is our purpose now to treat more fully of this congress of the ttades , to describe its organization and its aim , and to inquire how far the professed objects of its institution can be carried out without violating the laws of the land .

      It is necessary in the first place to explain the state of the law as it affects combinations of workmen generally . They are not , we believe , obnoxious to the common law , unless they amount to what is te rmed conspiracy . Now , conspiracy has been defined in various ways , so various that it would seem hardly to be capable of definition . It has been called a combination between several persons to effect a purpose hurtful to some individual , or to particular classes of the . community , or to the public at large . It has also ^ een said to consist of an agreement either for animilawful purpose , or to effect a Jawfal purpose by unlawful means . Theiirst of these descriptions is obviously too loose and general ; it might be made to embrace every society that ever was formed . The second , which is the more

      correct , may or may not include the combinations in question . Where they aro strictly confined to a simple agreement among the individuals composing them to demand a certain rate of wages and not to work for less , it will not include them . But if their objects are extended further , and pretend to affeet the particular relations between wasters and men , by dictating to the former what persons tliey shall employ , or in what manner they shall carry on their business , or by compelling the latter to leave their employers , or not to hire themselves , or to become members ef the combination , then it is plain they are nothing less than conspiracies . So much as this has been repeatedly asserted in the House of Commons , where the assertion was stamped by the high

      authority of the late Chief Baron of the Exchequer , and the present Chief Justice of the Queen's Bench . It is needless , however , to pursue this branch of the subject further , for whatever the common law may be , the statute law is clear beyond a doubt . . The 6 th of GeorgeIV ., c . 129 , reciting that these " combinations are injurious to trade and . commerce , dangerous to the tranquillity of the country , and especially prejudical to the interests of all who are concerned in them , and that it is expedient to make provision as well for the security and personal freedom of individual workmen in the disposal of their skill and labour , as for the security of the property and persons of masters and employers , " enacts , that '' if any person shall by violence to the person or

      property , or by threats or intimidation , or by molesting or in any way obstructing another , force , or endeavour to force" workmen to leave their employment , or to return work unfinished , or not to accept employment , or to belong to an association , or to contribute to a common fund , or to pay a fine for refusing to comply with rules made to obtain an advance or to reduce the rate of wages , or to lessen or alter the hours of working , or to decrease or alter the quantity of work , or to regulate the mode of carrying on business ; or if any person , by such violence , &c , as above described , shall endeavour to force masters to make any alteration in carrying on their business , or to limit

      the number of their apprentices or workmen ; such person shall be liable to imprisonment upon conviction before two justices of the peace . But meetings " for the sole purpose of consulting upon and determining the rate of wages or prices which the 2 > ersons present" shall demand for their work , or the hours during which they shall work , and agreements ! unong the persons present for fixing wages , or prices , or hours ,. shall not be subject to any prosecution or penalty , any law or statute to the contrary notwithstanding . In like manner meetings and agreements of mysters for similar purposes t convcrso are declared to be legal .

      Let us apply this statute to the " Association of United Trades for the Protection of Industry , " which has its throne in the once lordly purlieus of Bloomsbury , and of which the rules and regulations , drawn up in August of last year , are now before us . First the occasion of the institution is declared to be " that the industrious classes do not recieve a fair day ' s wages for a fair day ' s work . " Secondly , the object is confessedly by organisation to multiply the powers of each trade , "by enabling it to fight its individual battles with the whole strength of the association . " This last sentence savours strongly of " champerty" " maintenance ; " there is nothing in it , however , opposed to the language of tlio Cth George IV ., if we except the prem able . Thirdly ,

      the composition of the association is by delegates from the various Trades' Unions throughout the kingdom , in whom "the legislative power" is vested , and who are elected for a year . There is also a central committee to which is intrusted " tho general executive power . " It consists of a president , vicepresident , and eleven other members , all elected by the delegates , five from the London trades , who are to " carry out the routine business of the association , " and six from the provincial trades . The presidents need not be members of a Trade Union , and they must always belong to a London , district . Among the duties of a central committee we find

      this— " by mediation , arbitration , and legal proceedings , to protect the interests and promote the wellbeing of the associated trades , hi all cases of trade disputes and difficulties . " The words in italics would seem to stamp this branch of the proceedings with an illegal character ; at the best , they place the committee on the very verge , and if put in action , would certainly carry it beyond the law . Fourthly , the funds are raised by a contribution from each membor of a penny a month , which , if we reckon the members at half a million , a very moderate estimate , would place an annual sum of nearly . £ 2 . 5 , 000 at the disposal of the London hoard .

      It must be confessed that there is nothing in the constitution of this federal republic which can be deemed to contravene the express provisions of the Statute of George IV . But there are other associations , parts of the great union , which are less moderate in their views , or less prudent in thfiir language . Among the declared objects of the " United Building Trades' Mutual Protection Society of Manchester , Salford , and their vicinities" will be found the following : — "The prevention of non-unionists encroaching on their respective employments "—in cases of dispute between workmen and employer to " call the complaining trade , or any other trade , or the whole of the trades , from the employer or his

      sub-contractors "—in the event of a strike taking place to " get tramps out of the town that have come to work in the place of the men on " strike" —to obtain the names of men who work whilst a strike is pending , " in opposition to the rules of the society , " and to circulate them throughout the country—to " adopt such means as " may be deemed practicable to induce non-unionists "tojoin the society . " There is little doubt that every one of the purposes above set forth is illegal under the statute , and it would , therefore , appear a matter of no great difficulty to suppress this Manchester association by criminal proceedings .

      On the whole it will hardly be denied that these combinations , whether of employers or employed , and for whatever purposes they may be formed , are both immediately and consequentially highly injurious to the welfare of society . Whilst they last they foster discontent , create poverty , give a rein to seditious and designing spirits , fetter the liberal flow of capital , and derange the whole system of trade . Even after they are over , there is left behind a rancour and distrust , a remembrance of mutual ill , the bitterness of fancied oppression and the vindietiveness of real injury—in short , a general wreck of those kindly feelings of reciprocal reliance and protection which should never be absent from the breast either of master or man . We do not dispute the

      right of workmen to combine for purposes of defence . It is a sacred right , and should never have been violated . We go the whole length with Adam Smith , and admit that the property which every man has in his own labour , as it is the original foundation of all property , so it is the most sacred and inviolable . The patrimony of a poor man lies in the strength and dexterity of his hands ; and to hinder him from employing this strength and dexterity in what manner he thinks proper , vAthout injury to his neighbour , is a plain violation of his most * sacred property . " Without injury to his neighbour , " however , this must be done ; for it happens unfortunately that in effect these combinations always do work injury to others , and not to others only , but in a far greater degree to the parties themselves . This is the

      important truth that we would impress upon the minus ol the deluded workmen who are now loitering in idleness on the high road to poverty , and too probably tottering on the brink of crime . Let them net think too confidently that the time of labour is only removed a little distance , ithat they have merely to say the word and their masters wilf re-employ them . Returning sense may come too late . It mp , y be- that when they offer themselves for work no work will be given to them . Capital is like the stream which when you dam its natural current will find itseli other channels and still flow on . This is a fact and no conjecture , and many late accounts attest it . It is a serious matter for these misguided workmen . When it is brought home to them with all the attendant horrors of poverty and disgrace , they will look upon us , who now denounce the whole system of combinations , as their tiwd frieuda ,

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      DUNDEE FACTORY GIRLS . Dundee , Mat ll . —The Committee which was appointed at a , public meeting of the inhabitants , to conduct the inquiry into the legal treatment of the six factory girla , by the Messrs . Baxters and our civil authorities , delivered their report this evening before a densely crowded meeting , in Bell's Street Hall . Mr . Kidd was called to the chair . He opened the business by givi » g a brief and very able outline ol the voluminous matter , which was afterwards laid before the meeting by Mr . Me Crae , .,..

      who read a long list of correspondence between himself and persons holrling high and responsible situations under the British government . It would seem quite evident , if we hold by tho Lord Advocates affirmation , "that no similar treatment of factory workers or others , shall again be allowed in Scotland , " that the present case has been grossly illegal , therefore the meeting resdved to sue all the parties whft had been engaged in tlao condemnation and punishment of these girls , before the Court of Session .

      The following resolutions were then unanimously agreed to : —Moved by Mr . John Me- Crae , and seconded by Robert Stivens , boiler mafcsr , " That this meeting repudiate any participation 5 » the sentiments contained in the petition of Baxter and Brothers , presented to the British Parliament . And firmly deny that it represents the feelings of the public at large , and is at variance with that of Dundee . Many of the statements in that petition are grossly false , and this meeting looks upon it as a puny effort to cover a deed , which has met with the strongest condemnation from every candid , humane , and philanthropic man and woman in Dundee " Moved by Mr . Archibald Me Donald of Aberdeen , and seconded by Thomas Whitten , " That the

      warmest thanks of the meeting are due , and now tendered toT . S . Duncombe , Esq ., M . P . / for the kind services which he has rendered to the inhabitants of Dundee in taking up the case of the six factory girls , and in particular for his bold and uncompromising advocacy of their cause in the House of Commons , notwithstanding the many eiforts which appear to have been made to induce him to abandon those poor and helpless persons to the mercy of avarice and wealth , which was exerted to stifle all knowledge of their wrongs , and which are now before the country , and laid bare among their fellow factory slaves . And also , that this meeting tender a vote of gratitude , which ' is richly due to all those honourable members who supported Mr . Duncombe , while urging upon the house lo urge a full and particular inquiry in this

      extraordinary case . " N . B . —The enthusiasm which prevailed when the foregoing resolution was put from the chair , was extraordinary in the extreme . Fifteen hundred hands were instantly upraised as if by magic , but this of itself did not satisfy , for three thundering cheers followed , which seemed to shake the substantial building within which the meeting was congregated . Moved by Mr . Gow and seconded by Mr . Wm . Scott . Flesher , " That this meeting approves , and will support carrying the case before the Court of Session , also that a committee be instantly appointed to carry the same into effect , with a view to its speedy termination ; and also , as no doubts exist of a triumphant victory , this meeting binds itself to aid the committee with the necessary expense in donations and Subscriptions . "

      The meeting then elected a committee to carry forward the business , after which it gave a unanimous vote of thanks to the old committee , and all those who had lent their aid to stem the torrent of might against justice and right ; and closed the evening's proceedings with a cordial vote of thanks to Mr . Kidd , for his manly warmth of feeling in behalf of the sons and daughters of toil , and likewise , for his conduct in the chair . Cokkespondent .

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      ARBROATII SHOE MAKERS STRIKE . Fresh Disclosures of Conspiracy , Tyranny ., and Oppression of the Masters . —Mr . Editor , —In my last correspondence , I told : you the masters had sent forth their " drill sergeant , " to ride from town to town to enlist recruits to strengthen their ranks to beat oft'the journeymen , whe found it necessary to leave the town In quest of employment . When I said this , I did not think it would be possible for the masters to find adherents to crush their men , through the want of work and the necessaries of life , to succumb to their masters , but true it is , they have done so , and not in a solitary instance , for the contagion lias become very genera ! . The whole of the prin ciplc shops in Dundee , are refusing to give work to the men of Edinburgh and Arbroath , and with one solitary

      and honorable exception , it is said , Montroso is alike infected with the pestilence . It is confidently reported that Forfar , Kirrimuir , . and Brephjji , are likewise one in the holy covenant , and have subscribed the non-intrusion act of grace against the devoted journeymen . The most active conspirators in Arbroath are two leather dealers , and those hold the conscience of a large number of masters in very firm keeping , not only as respects this place , but elsewhere ; consequently any sign of unwillingness to comply with their high commands , would go exceedingly far lo cxtinguisli their existence as masters , and this fully accounts for the infection having spread so rapidly . But what seems to have created no little mirth in town is , the curious circumstance of a good number of little "Corks" ( masters ) having suffered

      their names to bo appended to a handbill , setting forth humiliating terms , which they call upon their men to submit to , and resume work , when true it is , that few or none of them ever could muster trade or cash to employ or pay anybody , and when a "hack " pair was per chance made by way of favour , the wages were seldom immediately forthcoming . The masters have put forth two advertisements , both of which are couched in artful language to mislead the public , and in doing this , they haye resorted-to the grossest falsehood in order to shield themselves from the bitterest public indignation . In the first instar . ee they say "that they ( meaning the union mon ) have determinedly refused to hand them a copy , or even read the rules by which they , the masters , were in future to be qovemed '" The union men did offer to

      explain , and read - over to the masters such portions as affected them , and James Walker , when he made this proposition , made by order of a general meeting , was treated by Mr . Brown with everything but common civility . But does not everybody know that such a course was stepping somewhat far to oblige them , and that the rules were not framed with the intention to guide the masters , but their workmen . May it in return be asked , what law in the constitution of our country authorises them to embody a rule forthe government of their business as employers , to hunt the men down throughout Forfarshire , and the adjoining counties ? In their second bill , which appears to have been drawn out with more care , as it wears the garb of legal formality , there are a variety of false conclusions and mean strictures set before the

      public . It affirms that the journeymen have formed themselves into an " illegal combination , " and they insinuate that such combination will be injurious to the public interest , while they know full well that the society of'journeymen looks to the public interest by not allowing the masters to palm upon the people inferior work at a high price , and contrary to the British law , and in opposition to what is meant for the public ' s good , they have had the barefaced impudence to tell the world that their hole-and-corner meetings are strictly legal , while that of their workmen held with open doors where they could enter are illegal . The masters are now struggling for what a child may easily discern to be base—for indeed they have explained the fact themselves . It is this , as

      stated in their advertisement in the Arh'oalh Ovule . They say , " We want to maintain our authority in the management of our own business . " Now the true meaning of this is , to have it in their power to mix coarse ar . d fine workmen together to do their work , and then they will " manage , " having also the power to fix the rate of wages , to realize a swooping profit . Their second bill requests the men upon strike to abandon their just principles and unite with them in a scheme which would go to defraud the public and destroy the " customary" ( bespoke ) trade , which has hitherto owed its superiority over the sale to the combination of the workmen , who have struggled hard to enforce wages to enable them to do something like bare justice to the customers .

      The editor of tho Arbroath Guide has devoted a very considerable space , detailing what lie considers the law of the case ; and has taken special " care in the courseof his reasoning to try and work the public mind into the belief that the journeymen arc wrong . This editor must return to school before he will be able to convince any one " that , if a works man have a right to fix his rate of wages , which Rare refused to be paid , he has no right to threaten to leave work through such refusal . " Would any sane person support tho proposition , that a man iasa right to renp the benefit of a society who ncve » contributed one farthing to its funds ? The reasoning of this sage editor says " yes ; " for he labours to " convince the people of Arbroath that it was- wron ?/ to strike a man out ef the benefits arising , from tl > . e

      funds of the society , while that man was . pockf jt ing tho fruits which they had created .. So far has he joined the non-intrusion principle , and I am not an » ry at his late conversion ; but wien he dishonestly clubs with the masters , by affirming that cheap and dear mado bosta and shoes s ' j&puld be mi jxed in one batch , and vended to the public as , % / enuiue " customary work , " the Society of : Journeymen , ] trust , will lack faith to follow liini . In t ' nc meantime a determined spirit still prevails among tho few men who , as yet , cling to tijoir , homes upcm a scant j fare ; but those will sooift remove , and . leave t ' n < " drill-sergeant" and his . co conspirator £ to manag < their business according to the opinion , of "legal ad viscrs , " and the Arbroath Guide . A Correspondent .

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      " And I will war , at least In wards , ( And—should my ehance so happen—deeds , ) With all who waf with ThoHght !" " I think I hear a little bird , who sings The people by and by will be the stronger . "—Blue * .

      EASTERN EUROPE AND THE EMPEROR NICHOLAS . NO . III . .: ¦ In the course of our review of this work it will be I our duty ta notice the state « f the Finnish portion of I the Russian empire , and to show , as we shall do , the gross injustice of that act of "annexation" which made Finland a portion of the Russian empire . We shall also bo able to show , that the Mhlanders , although not of the same stock and race as the Poles , entertain no affection for their paternal T-bar—on the contrary , if they may not exist as an independent people , they would be too happy to transfer their

      allegranceto the Swedish Government . Previous to 1815 , Finland was united to Sweden ; but tho parfcifci ' oners of nations severed this connection , and handed Finland over to the Russian robber . A letter f rom Helsingford , of April 20 th , says : — " Two nights back , between eleven and twelve o ' clock , this town was thrown into confusion by the appearance of 500 or 600 young men , chiefly students of the University , who promenaded tho streets singing national songs . They stopped before the houses occupied by the Russian functionaries , and broke tho windows with stones , crying out— ' Poland for ever ! ' Down with the Muscovite tyrants ! ' ' Oscar I . for ever ! ' "

      This letter adds , that a great number of the students have been arrested , and will be tried by courtmartial . For the sake of the noble students we regret this demonstration , as in all probability they will suffer perhaps the knout and Siberia , or at least fifteen or twenty years of servitude as common ; soldiers in the Caucasus , in reward for their patriotism . But whilst we mourn the victims of Russian barbarity we must not forget , that tin ' s demonstration is another proof of the hatred existing towards the Russian despotism in the countries annexed to the Muscovite empire ; another presage of the fall of that empire when the moment shall come for the long enthralled nations to rise . ;"

      The voice of humanity cries loudly for the overthrow of the accursed tyranny of the Tsars . Lately we read the following revolting statement in the Siecle : — ¦ . . -.- . _ ' The Kmout . — "Madame in Kalej'tJgi , who rereceivod the knout at Warsaw for having , according to the Augsburg Gazette , kept up a correspondence with tlie propaganda of Paris , is a niece of M . de Nesselrode . But itis not owing to a correspondence with the propaganda , but because she aided the escape of Count Dombrouslsi , tho husband of one of her intimate friends , that she had to suffer that dreadful punishment . Countess Orloff , the aunt of the minister , was whipped for having received persons in her house who were ill disposed towards the Government .

      M . Nksselhode is a Minister of the empire , and one of the most powerful of the Russian grandees , and yet his relations , and those relations Women , have been subjected to the horrid torture of the knout ! If a Russian , of the station occupied by Nesselrode , cannot save his family from these cruel humiliations , what must be the abject state of the great mass of the people ! Since the above was written , we have read a statement in the Refonne , narrating the flogging to death ' of a Polish lady , Madame Kros . yowska , a widow , twenty-six years of age , for the crime of corresponding with the Poli ? h exiles in Paris ! What will England ' s Queen , and England ' s female aristocracy say to these new specimens of the infernal acts of the dear delightful miscreant who

      gladdened the hearts of policemen , flunkies , Ascot racing blackguards , and creatures calling themselves women , or rather " Ladies , " by his liberal distribution of monies , snuff-boxes , and condescending smiles ? . We might pardon the admiration felt by flunkies and blacklegs for their hero , but shame ! oh shame ! to England that any one of her daughters could be found to consort with this womantorturing monster whose accursed presence should never have been permitted to blight tlio soil of Britain . The second chapter of the Work before us is devoted to the Slave population , showing the Ipestiit betweks tub tkumss Slave > s » Serf , in Russia—Distinctions beth'eka" the Emperor ' s Slaves and the viuvate Slaves—Condition , Prosp ects , and Feelings of Bout .

      Properly speaking , the entire oi the inhabitants of the Russian empire , including Poland , Finland , and the German and Caucasian provinces , are slaves , seeing that their every action and word * is < subject to the imperious will of a despot who may take from them their property , their personal liberty , and their lives , if lie will . But there are distinctions of class amongst these unhappy peop-le ,. some ol whom , if they are not their own masters , are ,, at least , the masters of others . The unhappy victims of this double despotism—the universally-recognised slave class—form an immense multitude ; Taking the whole empire , forty-five out of every Sixty-three individuals arc in-a state of absolute serfdom ; but , taking the Muscovite population only , we find it almost wholly in that deplorable condition . "The proportion of slaves which it contains , exceeds

      thirtyfour out of every thirty-six of its number . It mast be understood , when we speak oi ? Russian seridom , and apply the word " serf" to-Russian sieves , that that serfdom is a state infinitely more degrading than any system of servitude known by that name ir , former times in the gdim tries -of western Europe . The condition of the English serf in the days of Norman tyranny , though little to be envied ; never fell to that utter abasement of mind , and body which is the condition of the Russian serf of ths- present day . Even the wovst abominations of negr-a-slavery have but rarely approached those of Russian-serfdom ); and in all but exceptionally oases , the negsoes of Cuba and Carolina are Setter cared for , less cruelly used , and happier than the slaves of Eastern Europe . We will here give a few extracts from the work before us . proving the above assorti'jns : —

      CONDITION- OF T . 3 IE PRIVATE S 1 . W . ES . The fiito of tho private serfs differs , as much ns tie character of their , many masters . The vices ,, tile personal inhumanity , tUaavaric »» , tho necessities , tlio inattention or absenteeism of . the lord , all operate upon the destiny of the slave , According to law , a slave propmtor can be punished foa putting his serf to death , —but o % by incarceration , in a iMonastcry , even if lie Had burned him aliye , or crucified !• . im ; and such horrors lure boen per , petratcdbefore no- k ;—let us hope , for . tfce sake oi those who committed tl- , eni , in a moment of temporary insanity . But another law fevbids any court to receive the evidence of a slave again ' it Iris master . Itowos its origin to an ukase issued i ) a 17 G 7 , by the Empress Catherine , which

      says : — « if a s erf , forgetful of the obudionce he owes his lord , make ar , y complaint against him , particularly to impeaal maj ( -sty , both the autlioi' of the petition and ho presenting it . shall bo amenable to the punishment which the laws a ( yard . " This punishment is tho infliction ol thakaout , and exile to Siberia . This ukase lias been confirmee 1 , \) y another issued by the Emperor Nicholas in 1 S 2 . 8 , wit' fl a slight modification ; so that as the law now siands , ( article 577 of that division of the Russian code which i , i-eats on serfdom , ) it forbids the serf to accuse oi give e >/ idence against his master , under penalty of capital punis . hmeiit , in any but the two following cases , —viz : 1 . T" reason against tho Crown . 2 . Concealment of the nun aber of his slaves liable to the imperial poll-tax , As long , therefore , as a . master confines his cruelties to

      i s own slaves , without interfering with tho ;* ot other , eople , he i 3 practically safa . The law itself is therefore , in ninoty-nine cases out of » liundi-ea , neutralised by this contradictory clause ; but if it could even bs put into execution , the most barbarous murder of a slave does not receive tho punishment due to capital offences , which in Russia is exile to Siberia , and the infliction of the knout . TllO lflW tlms , in its very theory , does not pretend to give the slave the protection which five-and-thirty years ago was practically extended to the West India negro by the legislature of Great Britain . During the administration of Spencer Perceval , on the 8 th of May , 1 SU , tho Honourable A . YV . Hodge , a member of his Uritannie Majesty " ^ Council at Tortola , was executed for the murder of one , uf his negroes by excessive flogging . * * *

      Besides this , the proprietor , where a certain distance removed from a police station , can punish witlwuS other legal limitation than the responsibility which falls upai \ him if his victim dies within three days ; and at all thsies ho has a right to scnuhis serf , male and female , aud ol any age , as often as ho pleases , not for trial , but for cor . rection , to the police authorities , without incurring the remotest risk . * * * * * Practically , therefore , the private serf is life and liral at the disposal of his -master , as completely ns slaves have orer been iu any country . Ho can be sold or hireil out like a beast of burthen . The law now wills that a certainportionofland musthe sold with him , but lane is of mere nominal value , The master may remove ou <

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      or all Mb peasants for life from one estate to another , though thousands of miles apart . In purchasing a slave , he has , therefore , only to go through . the formality of re « ceiving from the former proprietor a few acres with him , of wbieh he soon forgets the possession , and from which he may remove the slave , separating him for ever from his family , and dooming him to perpetual banishment from his home . . ¦ .-., The slave , male or female , cannot marry without tho permission of the lord : —the law stipulates that they shall not he forced to marry against their inclinations , b . 'ifc does not offer to protect them ; and the means of cot ^ eion in the power of the masters are so efficient , that

      resistance to their wishes is unknown , A soured old mnid way sometimes be seem , forcing all the handsomest girls in flie village to wefl the most repulsive objects ; at another , an experimental agriculturist will range his male and female slaves by categories , and mnrry them aceording to « une fanciful theory which ho believes will tend most rapidly to the reproduction of the species . No farther respectfe paid * Q > the feelings of the father or ot the husband , of Jho daughter or the wife ; and tliere are no purposes , tho isost infamous , to which the slave is not always liable to be devoted , and' frequently applied , The roaster may at any fime send his male slave to Siberia , or fora soldier , —and iramehe roust constantly choose for this service .

      Of course , the unBappy condition of the shres is not without exceptions ,-: but ilieso Receptions are always dependent upoa' tie individual character oi the master . A humane and enlightened masterwill , of coitrae , treat his slaves in tlie sp-Mf of justice and kindness ; but the experience of ail time declares ho-w uncertain are the chances-of lirc ;> piness under a despotism , national or private . ¦ A body , of serfs , , enjoying comparative happineas-undftr a iSitrflano rnasteiv are always liable to bo li&fltlfcd over' Watyrannical and eruel } ord , either by tke deatli of their master or the sal * of the estate to which they are-attached . Hence , it is obvious that instances of the good'treatment of imlrriilual slaves , or slaves-belonging to a particular property , prove nothing-in * favour or the system above ahown to be barbarous and revolting in fche extreme .

      We now proeeed to extract illustrations eftbeeo . VMTJOB OP THE EMPERORS"SLAVES : The imperial serf is not either liable to tiie same extensive privations which the private serf' endures , nor to the same extent of capricious cruelty of'Which'he is at timss ; the victim . He can more readily obtain leave to move about tho empire ; and he enjoys some of the advantages , —of belonging to an extensive- ¦ and wealthy proprietor , but then , it is of an absentee proprietor , who has abandoned the administration of liis overgrown estates to overseers and agents . This comparative exemption- from utter misery and unendurable tyrnri ' nv ,

      which tlio Crown serf to somo extent enjoys , is not . hmvever , without exceptie-n . The vast anil csrftfpt' body which administers this prodigious estate , is- sometime ? guilty of incredible- barbarity and injustice ; and the imperial serfs are sometimes decimated by hur . gsr , ' as well as those belonging to pmnte individuals , —n : id to nn extent of which the writer of these volumes was not aware , even when he published the "Bercliitions of'Siissia . " Though it is true that in eases of famine relief' is always afforded from the imperial treasury to this population , the sums intended- fox that purpose seldom reach their destination-. ***** » . «

      Tiie imperial- serf is ta . ieu at tlie stipulate : ! sum of fifteen roubles annually ; he is bound to keep the- ro ads in order , and to contribute' si portion of his !? tbour to Works of public utility ; ami he receives from the Crown for his support ten dsiatines of land to cultivate . lie is bound to-feed the troops quartered upon him , i-. nd to afford means of conveyance for tlie public service , and is ostensibly awarded payment for the same . Practically , however , he is so much at the mercy of the vast establishment of officials comprised in the administration of the imperial domains , that the annual tax extends to double and treble its avowed amount ; he cannot stir from the place of his birth without the dearly purchased permission of these rapacious agents , and hi ? is liable with his family to nnv corporal punishment it pleases iliem to

      inflict , or to- bamshmeat to Siberia ttt their will and pleasure , "What he most dreads , however , ar . dv / adtis consequently used as the readiest means of extortion , is being seleetod' for - the- ai'my , or for the government works . Tlie disgust and horror entertained by the lower order of Muscovites for tlie military profession , which after a certain period of service lVees them from shivery , is so profound and deeply sooted , that it is only fully to be necounted for . by the , innate aversion of this paiiflc people to everything warlike .. Uninviting as may be the prospect of the seldier , it is still strange to sec- this tenacity with which the peasantry will cling to tile most wretched moiie of life rather than be enlisted ; bat their dread of serviiijj in the public works or the mstnufiietories of the Crown , is perfectly imiural .

      When the-traveller is sliov ,- ! i tlio mines ami caaals , Ol ' tlie vast imperial raunufiietoiiM and iron ivories , —lvlnn he sees the stupendous dot-Its in the ports of the lllnck Sea and of the l ' ahie , lie-is-seldom-aware of the true condition of the unfortunutes by whom they have been erect- , d and arc ehiefly fillad . They arc forced lahoimi' 3 , slaves of the imperial doinaini It is considered that as they are the emperor ' s property , ttiey are bound to do Kie-work he wishes done , without remuneration ; and theyconsequentlv receive onlv tlie soai-se rations necessary for

      lhe : r support , and the alsno&taoniiiMll pay of the goldlCl ' . So far from any encouragement being hild out for the zeal they may show ,. or tha grofieit'iicr they may attain , they see by experience that the more tlie workman is valued , the lon-rcr- Knrl the burder is the toil at w-i'fh ho is Icepr , nn . 1 tlia less <; hi ! iise of ever beinjj dismissed to li ! s village ,-- ivJjilsiy © K . t >> £ oihei ' hand , ivs it i .-i the habit of the slave to eonoear . his dexterity , tlia awkwardness he may sJiowisalwa ^ supposed to lie feigned , and it is only aftixn-a long- course-sf cruel treatment that it is believed tc be-roal :

      The robberies prosfclsedJ On private se ^ ks by then ? lords , aiulfbeadditional- punishment imposed ' upon the Grown serfs-in-tho-public works in . propottion to the abilifiy . exliibstedibjf . thera , has " rendered it a maxim of a ^ trtuUtionaliwisdom amongst the slaves of both classes ,, obstinately to cflnccal t-Seir acquirements as anich as- pesrable . " The overseers of tlie serf- - , avwire of ¦ tiiiaj . haws recourse to fogging on all occasions A l ] un ; ar . j \\ varjfc of ability reai or feigned is exhibited '; by thccse ? f& . The author ef . this work cites instances oiVEnglishmen and cfalicr foreigners being employed , in . t&e publlic works at heavy salaries froai : theiiv supposed ostraordicary . proficiency as workmen , w&oeo&s thos « foreigm workmen have known , that seme- of the slaves wore- as . clever as

      themselves , buitJfe the slaves womd-never confess as they- weLMenow that I ? their abilities wero once known instesui ' jol : boing rewarded Uio result would be a retention , itj ]]) a later-age in tliD ^ goym'imient factories . 'j ? he TsajSi iiave laboured nat ¦ unsuccessfully to disoeminatcs fche idea throughout . Europe . th : it they desired the ijittancipaSitfMi of the-serfs , but were pro * vented fulvUlibg theivgenerous desires by tho tyrannical . obstSuicy of th ® nobles . This , is not true . It is true nfediaubt that the pasiAnd present policy of

      the Grows , is to remove the private serfs fr . om tho power of" their leads , and this policy is acted upon whenever a propmtor falls . isto- disgrace and is punished bji- the forfeiture of M 3 lands , or when serfs mortgaged to tl » Crown become forfeitad by . theirowners .. But thssc serfs oa being- traiisfeiTecUo the Crow * aje not set at libcvby , on the contrary they arc atitficil to the twenty-one , millions . and ; a half of serfs belonging to the Emperor . jN . iqhoi . as . is the chief slave proprietor in ihe , empire , - « -. " holding upwanb of twenty-one ouiv of every forty-live serfs within it ! ' *

      ihcsen . s are immessen in the-lowest depths oF ignorance and indeed , the policy , of the present Empevory as regards all classes , of > the empire ,, is designedly retrogressive , The nobility iu- < i not allowed to travel . 5 JicnoiiAS ^ has . by . ulv . a § e " -prohibited She admission of the lower , orders tVfiin ihe elementary to the-supcrior schools ; he Uas . / orWtWcii the establishment ,: of . tempesanco sociMiea , and h ; i 3 branded tho litawij taste * which nis servants : ' . nap exhibit , by classing , it with insubordination , and rf . i ;« wA- « r ness—as a ' vhious tendency' (!) . on , whio ' h i $ is the duty of their superiors ts . roport . "

      This huge- slave ou-uev , fchh cncourAgor- of vieo , this brutal enemy of ed"ucatym and enlightenment , tiiis incarsifttion of . ' all evil , Nicuous ,, is one , of tho sovereign , signers ol" Anti-skve-trade 4 i-entU's , and a subscrilyw to , ovpatron , & (' , the EnglishliibloSnck'ty ! O ! nwnstrous hypocrisy ? Nor tlocs the imperial hypocaito stand alone . The canting anli-slavorymor igers who make Exeter-hall ring with their deni \ noiations of the vulgar flesh-robbers of Cuba and t ' no Brazils , havo not a word to say a » ainst tho bloated slave-driver of Muscovy . But , then , wo must allow that the humane Nicholas gives his signature to treaties to put down trade in black slaves , besides which , he supports the Bible Society " 0 ! for a forty-parson power , To sing thy praise hypocrisy !"

      Is not the Russian " a man and a brother ? " Shall no voice be raised in behalf of the slaves of Russia ? Yes , a voice has been raised by tho author of tins work , and we will echo its tones , ringing in the unwilling ears of pious . Tsar-worshipping '' Anti-slavery men , " that " thest forty-five millions of fellow creatures , the Russian Serfs , ave in every seme of th word , as completely slaves , as ihe negroes captured on the coast of Africa , and soldin the marte * 9 ftte new world , "

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      Pedestriasism . —On Tuesday the half-mile raci for £ 10 , between Reily and Andetton , was decidei at Camberwell , and vvon by the latter , who coverci tlie distance in two minutes and a Quarter .

      ^Riign Ieoijetnenifev

      ^ riign iEoijetnenifev

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      — - Mff ^ flgT ' Iftflr— ' " THE NORTHERN STA& ™ , _ .., _; ,. ___ , „_ „ „_ £ > : ¦

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), May 23, 1846, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1367/page/7/