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Northern Star (1837-1852), 23rd May 1846, Edition 1 of 3, Page unpag

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    • Imperial .^arliamtnt*
    • ? =. FROM PARADISE-No. I. _ ^
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      ^ SSSI ^ SfeThXTHB !^ . jb Bua . Fkiekbs , —Atlengih we are in possession o j labour ' s first purchase . I say at lengthy for so laeam . watchful , united , powerful , ah * ^ JJ * ^ e lab our ' s enemies , that I much feared , HAViJiG SAILED TO BUY ME OFF , they would by s ome hocus foras , disent itle me oS , that is—that they v onld throw some © bslaele in the way of maSing out jneh a title as 1 -would haveaccepted . However , it is gone , but not without nearly a fortnight ' s delay ; no

      £ mlt of oms ; and as I am always moreieady to state go oi than evflof men , I amTwund tossy that nothing could be more honourable , straightforward , and creditable than the conduct of the vendors , their solicitor and surreyor , from first to last . I now write from this paradise , a lovely spot for weather beaten , oppressed labour , to hare hit upon as its first port . 1 hare ever held , and I believe all disinterested writers , especially democratic writers , have held , fliat pure liberty can only spring from the possession of the soO , or such a right to cultivate it for the

      labourer's own benefit , as will make him independent of the caprice of employers . The mouthing patriots lave denounced as as traitors for advising the people ft purchase what was theirs by RIGHT DIVINE , b y MORAL EIGHT , and CONSTITUTIONAL BIGHT , but those worthy philosophers appear to have forgotten that your share of those many rights are about as small as your share in the land . We can one and all admire tlie courage , the dignity , and

      patriotism of the noble Roman who threw his sword into the scale as the purchase of his country ' s liberty , but let us remember that in those days there tras no such thing as gunpowder , no snch thins * s Congreve rockets and cannon and musket , that the battle was shoulder to shoulder , club to club , and fist to fist ; no &w of conspiracy , or sedition , or constructive treason . But this line of argument is too complimentary for mad men who would say , if you

      cmnofc TAKE TOUR OWU , STARVE , OR BE SLAVES FOR WAiST OF IT . However , here I am in TOUR HOUSE , addressing yon as TOUR BA 1 LIEF , performing all the cheerful duties ofYOTJR STEWARD , and in that situation I am more happy than I have been since I abandoned the cultivation of the soil , for the mad speculation of amending the Laws of the Land . Since 1 S 231 have been prosecuted as a White-boy I hare been persecuted and prosecuted as an Antittthest ; I have been persecuted as & Radical ; asd persecuted and prosecuted as a Chartist . I have been plundered by process of law , and hunted by process of conventional society . I have borne more pergecutions , more systematic and continuous

      persecution , during the whole of that long period , tban any single one of my class has ever borne before , and for { his simple reason , that the persecution of my prede decessers has alwaysbeenmitigatedby tbesympatby , countenance , and support of a portion of the upper and middle classes , while all have united to hunt me down . But behold , after 23 years of dangerous navi gation , I Lave sailed through the shoals and quick . sands , and have reached the looted for port in safety vita my crew unscared , their confidence andjtheir Jope of victory stronger than ever . When before has a gentleman , an M . P ., a barrister , a journalist , and landed proprietor derived dignity from the occupation of Bailiff to paupers , but here lam giwug employment to 50 who have long beea destitute , and wanting 100 nest week .

      This project of oms is now beginning to inspire good men with confidence , and had men with terror ; while its certainiy of success does , I confess , more than repay me for the loss of friends , the law's persecut ion , and society ' s impertinence and supercilious arrogance . In Ireland we have a very appropriate and significant term far a fool ; we call him a BOSTHOON ; and of all the Bosthoons it has been my fete to come in contact with , the editor of the She / /« ailra « is , withontexception , theverj greatest . This Bosthoon has ' attempted to criticise our rules , and to

      controvert our every assertion . This Bosthoon , like Mr . Chambers , has created his monster , Mr . Smith ; and , like Chambers , lias also created pigmies for Mr . Smith to demolish most easily and most cunningly . He thinks , because RENT ONLY represents £ 6 , 000 of £ 7 , 000 , that , therefore , only £ 1 , 000 represents the original £ 6 , 000 ; and this Bosthoon argues as if every location was a positive Ios 3 to the Society ; and commencing with apurchaseof £ 6 , 000 , ha logically—like the man that stroked the woodcock till the poor gamekeeper was afraid it would become a Tfren- fritters oar £ 6 , 000 down to £ 1 , 000 , making

      so margin at all for £ 300 a-year rent , representing the original £ 6 , 000 , but Bosthcon having forgotten rent confirms our profit of £ 1 , 000 upon the outlay of £ 6 , 000 ; and then proceeds to demolish ihai also , forgetting rent until it diminishes down to less than nothing . Bosthoon speaks of bad laud and had houses , and the impossibility of purchasing land for £ 13 15 s . the acre , and complains that the Directors hare not given Mm a finger-post to the estate . ¥ eD , he has it this week , from B , a gentleman who has long resided in the neighbourhood ;

      and then Bosthoon is outrageous that the Directors mean something substantial , and that some parties , and those parties the "Directors , of course , " are to do this , that , and the other . Bosthoon appears to think , that all the necessary work is to be done by magic ; for he objects to any one doing anything Bat I cannot waste tame and space upon such rubbish , and shall conclude by assuring the scribbler , that if he dares to repeat his nonsense , I will publish his article at fhll length . I have it in pickle for Iran . Bosthoon thus grinds np : —

      We do not believe that there is a sensible Hieehanic in ShefieloV or elsewhere in the kingdom , who , if he carefnlly considers the question , will fail to see that the whale is a complete piece of nonsense . Let him its as dissatisfied with his condition as lie may , he frill * ee that this is net the way to mend it . The good sense of many of our mechanics is proverbial . Xet them discuss the matter with those who are inclined to go into the scheme . We hare not said

      onehalf of what might be said on the subject . We have xefraised from taking many hard words which 6115-£ ested thtmsdres , and from indulging in ridicule though the temptation is Tery strong . We pray those of our readers who sire working men , to accept in a good spirit those remarks from one who , like tuemsdves , lires on the wages of labour , though his labour is less of the hand than theirs , but not on that account less wearisome , and sometimes not Tery profitable .

      Sometimes not very profitable" : —the only true Sentence in his rigmarole , and more true if he had aid , "and NEVER "VERT PROFITABLE . '' Sow , working men , hear my plain and simple answer to all the ravlng 3 of ignoramuses who know no more about the soil and its capabilities than an Irish horse Itnows of navigation . A labourer , who is now doomef : to all the horrors of uncertainty and the caprice of capital—to the whim of free trade policy—to whatever terms wealth may think proper to prescribe as the condition upon which statesmen shall hold office —to the law ' s changes and the market ' s fluctuations —purchases for himself and his family , released for ever from those galling casualties by the payment of £ 2 12 s . 4 d ., and health , improved station , and earthlv comfort , for £ 5 4 s . 4 d , Either sum once

      paid , his emancipation is secure , without the possibility of failure , and without the chance of further demand upon his resources ; and this is accomplished solely upon the same principle that Joint Stock Sanks , Insurance , Railway Companies , Building Companies , Mining Companies , and Shipping Companies , make fortunes—the PRINCIPLE OF COOPERATION ; a principle that has never before been tried for the slave class , upon the plan of individual possession and co-operation of means , and free from any description of religious bias or sectarian interference .

      1 will now describe the condition of an occupant , who has paid £ 312 s . 4 d . for a two-acre allotment for which he receives a good well-built convenient cottage , two acre 3 of land , and £ 15 capital to commence operations £ for about £ 6 a year , the additional £ 1 a sear being £ 5 per cent upon the additional £ 20 paid upon making Ms cottage more comfortable . The man who pays £ 3 18 s . Cd .. receives three acres of land , a four-roomed cottage and £ 22 10 s . capital , and pays in the same proportion . The man who pays £ 5 4 s . 4 d ., receives four acres of land , a five-roomed cottage , and £ 30 capital at a rent of about £ 11 10 s . per year , less than double what the two-acre occupant pays , because the increased amount ascended upon hLs cottage will not be so large . Andiaow to deal with a two-acre tenant ' s

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      time , capability , and opportunities . From the middle of June , hay-time , till the latter end of An . gust , harvest-time , the usual wages paid to men is £ 1 per week , which for ten weeks makes £ 10 . There are many factories , not cotton-mills , in the neighbeurhood , besides there is constant DOMESTIC EMPLOYMENT for women and children in plaiting straw , for which there is always a demand , and for which the neighbourhood has always been celebrated . A girl of fourteen years of age at this work will plait ten yards a day , for which she will receivells ., or 6 s . a week-say that each fanrily has a mother , and daughter who can help her , and that between them they do fcr amusement in leisure time as much as one person in constant employment

      would do in aday , that is , that both will earn 33 . a week , or do half as much between them as one can do with ease , that is £ 7 16 s . a year , for the work goes 0 D . all the year ; put the £ 10 earned by the maa in harvest-time to the £ 7 16 s . earned by the wife and daughter , it makes £ 17 16 s . from which deduct £ 6 per cent ., it leaves £ 11163 . a year and the whole produce of two . aches to be devoured . Deduct the rent of four acres , £ 1110 s ., and it leaves £ 6 6 s ., and the produce of FOUR ACRES TO BE DEVOURED . Now , February , March , April , and May , and to the middle of June , are the months the small farms would require most labour , and from that period to the end of August , istUevery period that they would require least labour .

      Tou must always bear the fact fresh m memory , that such arguments as these are merely intended as an answer to FOOLS , who cannot see the means by which the rent is to be paid . While for myself I contend , and always have done , that , inviting as a pound a week would be for ten weeks in the yeari any man would find himself more profitably employed at home ; and if we even take the £ 7 16 s . earned by the amusement of a mother and her daughter , we see the means of paying rent and eating all the stuff .

      MASTER BUILDERS ARE SUCH CHEATS that we , the Directon , ; liave resolved upon building all the Cottages ourselves . This will insure the best materials , and will save the masters' profits for the shareholderSjSO that by next week I shall be labour ' s bailiff OTer 200 labourers . Surely this will be a satisfactory answer to all correspondents for the present , and will plead my excuse with the men of Kenlington and Westminster , for my absence on Monday and Tuesday nights . I save the fond £ 5 a day , and more ; and I will save it £ 20 a day when the building commences . To-morrow ( Friday ) I am going to contract for two draw Wells , in convenient

      parts of the Estate ; and to lay eut the roads , and then to commence the Buildings . And now in conclusion , xnj friends , hear what I have to say . My mind , my soul , is set upon this project ;—I hare sworn in my wrath THAT IT SHALL SUCCEED . And now that your masters are likely to secure the experiment of Free Trade for themselves , you have no possible hope of escape but the FREE LABOUR agricultural market . Mind that I have always told you , that labour would be the greatest sufferer , and the first sufferer from free trade ; and that upon yourselves rests the responsibility of mitigating the

      evil . Again , remember , that for twenty-three years I have been foremost in every one of labour ' s struggles , under whatever name they were fought . And above all , and before all , bear the fact proudly in your recollection , that I have never had a meal at your expence , that I have never travelled a mile at jour expence , or received one fraction for any poor service I have rendered you . THE LAND PLAN SHALL SUCCEED . No earthly power can prevent it . Read every werd of D'Israeli ' s noble speech and « ee jour future prospects , if yon do not improve the present opportunity , of being freemen instead o ! slaves I 2 am , my dear friends , Your friend and bailiff , Feakgus O'Coxnor .

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      W CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE LAND ASSOCIATION . XOT . ICE TO SHAREHOLDERS . The Directors are now in treaty for an estate of between 200 and 300 acres of land , of prime quality and most delightfully situated , and will proceed on the first Monday in July to ballot for from 80 to 100 occupants . The Directors would have been in a position to have taken the ballot during Whitsnnweek as originally intended , but for the unexpected delay in making out the title to the first Estate . No notice can be given of actual locality of purchases about to be made untilthe purchase is completed , as snch course would inevitably lead to injurious campetition . Feahghs O'Coskee , Phiup M'Grath , Christopher Doyle , Thomas Clark , Thomas Makxct Wbeeeler . Secretary .

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      THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE TO TIIE MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION . Fbiesds , —We are led to address you on the present occasion in consequence of an attempt which has been recently made to induce the Chartists of Manchester , Sheffield , Bxrnsley , and other towns in the north , to join in a movement for the Ten Hours ' Factory Bill , Efficient Poor Law , Reduction of the National Debt , « fcc ., all of which measures are good in themselves , but which we have strong reasons to believe are urged at this particular time , not with any hope of success , but with a design thereby to defeat the Corn and other measures of ministers which are now pending in Parliament , and it is because we are not prepared to allow ourselves to be made use of for such a purpose that we feel it to be our duty to warn you against sanctioning a course which would terminate in our discomfiture and

      disgrace . Public opinion , no matter how created , has doomed tlie old system , and to contend for its continuance would be to render ourselves contemptible and odious without the slightest advantage to any of the great interests invoked in the foregoing questions . We must not shew ourselves impervious to reason and experience . We entertain the same opinions of the results of Free Trade now as we have always done , but we think at the same time that it would betray a great want of judgment on our part to get up an agitation against the Government measure , beiu ; , ' fully satisfied beforehand that the state of public feeling Is such that our efforts would be futile , and our intentions liable to be very seriously questioned . And as nothing but an actual experiment will satisfy tlie public mind that great benefits will result from the changes pronosed by ministers , we wouid rather

      hasten than retard them , feeling conscious that all our predictions will be fully realized , and that disappointment and diegust will be the consequences of a policy which aims at cheapening labour as a means of maintaining the commercial supremacy of the country and the elevation of a class who , from their wealth and power , consider themselves entitled to wield the destinies of the empire . Any opposition which we are now capable of offering would not have the effect of preventing the measure from becsming law , and even if It would , where would be the . advantage of such conduct ? The present system might y be maintained a IMe longer , but surely no Chartist is so deeply enamoured of things as i'hey are , as to wish for their continuance , and yet such would be the effect of our opposition , even if it were successful . We are aware that a demand for an

      EFFICIENT POOR LAW does not imply an approval of the present horrible and barbarouostate of society , butit cannot be denied that a movement for such a measure just now is mean t by its Originators as a mere ruse to attract popular attention , with the hope of entrapping the democracy to the support of adecaymgand tottering aristocracy . Property ought to be taxed , and taxed heavily , for the support of the unemployed poor , but where is the party in the House of Commons at the present time that would support a proposition to that etfect ? The abonunatwnsof the present Poor Uw was made a hustings cry , a clap trap , at the last general election £ , W-7 , P ^ t 0 whom 1 ve are now called upon to look with confidence for aid in establishing an " « . ffiaffirasattflgSs * issuss ^ vsssh ^

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      been introduced'forj tlie repeal of the present law , and the establishment of a better ? Or have they shewn any disposition whatever to carry oat in practice , what they so glibly propounded in theory ? We say they have not ! and ' . therefore to expect their support now would be a delusion , and lending ourselves to a party who would use us for their own purpose and afterwards prosecute us as a reward for our confidence and credulity . Such has ever been the return which the people have received for assistance rendered to their " friends" when such '' friends " have been incapable of servine themselves .

      THE "TEN HOURS BILL " Is another of thosegreat public questions in favour of which you are called upon to petition Parliament , and were it not meant more for obstruction to other measnres , than as a means of for warding the question itself , we could cordially join in the request that petitions from all parts of the country should be immediately poured into Parliament i " n favour of Mr . Fielden ' s bill , which has been so strenuously opposed by Sir James Graham on the part of Government . Treachery and imbecility have unfortunately beset this question on all hands and at every stage . During the session of 1844 , it was decided by two divisions in the House of Commons that ten hours per day was long enough for young persons and

      women to labour in factories , but on the Government expressing a determination to resign , if the measure was allowed to pass through its third reading , the parties who now wish to make it a stalking horse , were base enough then to undo what they had so justly sanctioned , and in order to retain the services of the " Renegade Premier , " voted themselves knaves , and doomed the women and _ children of the manufacturing districts to continued torture and life destroying toil . We appeal to you , therefore , if under these circumstances , it would be wisdom to place any reliance upon the promises of those who , when they had the power lacked the courage or principle to serve the people , but who , when labouring under adversity , would

      fain court the aid of those whom they hive betrayed and deceived . We have only one course open to us , and that is to act upon tlie decision of the Convention held at Manchester in December host , viz : To remain as a separate and distinct body not assisting any other political party who will not con * sent to make the principles of the "People ' s Charter" the basis of their action . Such was the resolution of the Convention , and we cannot see any thins ; to justify a departure from the line of policy laid down by that body . We have , with yoursanction and concurrence , postponed the annual Convention until circumstances transpire which are expected to afford us an opportunity of advocating our views and principles on the hustings . In the face of our oppressors , in the meantime , you must prepare for the struggle . The Convention cannot meet without

      preparations being made to defray the expences , which we propose shall be borne from a General Fund for that purpose , and to which all are expected to subscribe . We have to request the Councils of the following localities to take steps for the election of delegates , viz . —Manchester , Stockporfc , OJdham , Preston , Bolton , Burnley , Todmorden , Rochdale , Macclesfield , Hanley , Leeds , Northampton , Birmingham , Bradford , Halifax , HuddeMeld , Nottingham , Leicester , Sheffield , Derby , Oxford , Reading , Bristol , Norwich , Bath , Cheltenham , Sudbury , Brighton , Plymouth , Coventry , Carlise , Sunderland , Newcastle-upon-Tyne , London and suburbs , Tunbridge Wells , Aberdeen , Edinburgh , Dundee , Glasgow , Southampton and the Isle of Wight . The surrounding districts are of course included in these places , and are called upon to forward with the least possible delay their quota to the fund . Christopher Potlb , Thomas Clark , Philip M'Grath , Fearoos O'Connor . Thomas M . Wheeler , Secretary .

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      TO THE CHARTISTS OF GREAT BRITAIN . Brethren , We , the Chartists of Manchester in meeting assembled , consider it to be our duty to address a few words to you upon the resolutions passed at the city of ; London leealifcy , and our opinions on the same . There is no body of Chartists in the kingdom who have a more decided dislike to bickerings then the Manchester men ; at the same time , whilst they would by all honourable means endeavour to conciliate parties who may have differences amongst them , and create a feeling of brotherly love and affection in the ranks of democracy , yet they cannot allow Mr . O'Connor and the Executive to be blamed for that which they themselves , in connection with a majority of the Chartiste of the country , have agreed to . The resolutions in question were laid before a full

      meeting of the members of this locality on Sunday last , and , after some calm conversation , they came to the following conclusions : — -That" Mr . O'Connor had a perfect right as a Chartist to recommend a Conference in London , and that we at the time concurred in putting off the annual convention to be held at Leeds , inasmuch as it would save expense ; nor was it the opinion of Manchester alone , as the returns from the country fully proved . And so far from thinking with the men of London "that an extraordinary Convention to oppose political parties at elections would be useless , " we are of opinion that such a Convention would be of the greatest service to the cause , should circumstances takeptace which may render such a step necessary ; and the good that would be done by such convention would much more than counterbalance any possible inconvenience that can possibly arise from putting off the usual Convention for a few weeks .

      We likewise must dissent from the language of the third resolution passed by our London friends , in which they say— " We do not advise , but demand the assembling of the annual Convention at Leeds on some day in the week following the appearance of the Star of the lGth instant . " We must protest against such democracy as this , andenforcc the principle of the majority ruling the minority . The Executive appealed to the country , and the response was , that the people preferred putting off the annual convention to see if it would be necessary to call one in London ; therefore the demand of the men in London is one which neither Mr . O'Connor , nor the Executive , nor the men of London , can carry out without the consent of the pcode being first given .

      Our object is not to differ with the men ot London , or cause any bickering ; but to express our honest opinion . We have done so , and we trust that this matter will be as amicably arranged as the case of the Soniers Town Chartists was , for it was gratifying to us to see good feeling again restored in that locality . On behalf of the Manchester Chartists , Thomas Raskin , Chairman .

      Imperial .^Arliamtnt*

      Imperial . ^ arliamtnt *

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      HOUSE OF LORDS—Thursday , Mat 14 . The royal assent was given , by commission , to the Insolvent Debtors Act Continuance Bill , and several official and private bills . Lord Stanley moved for a return of the amount of grain imported from Ireland into Great Britain in the month of February last , also for a return to show the number of ships cleared but , laden with corn , from all the ports in the different countries of Europe and America during the last year . —Ordered . On the motion of the Marquis of Clanricaude , the Pulling Places ( Ireland ) Bill was read a second time HOUSE OF COMMONS-Thursday , May 14 . In the House of Commons , Colonel Wood having moved the second reading of the Metropolitan Sewage Manure Bill , Sir De Lacy Evans moved as an amendment , that it be read a second time that day six months .

      Alter . some discussion , the further consideration of the question was postponed to Thursday nexn . Mr . P . Pujjiptre gave notice of his intention to bring in a bill to repeal the 8 th and 9 th Victoria , called the Muynooth Act . Mr . SrooxER brought forward his motion for the appointment of a Committee of Inquiry into tlie allegations contained in a petition presented from Mr . Toulrain Smith , barrister-at-law , whose house was entered last December by two policemen and an Excise otticer . on a warrant . founded upon an insinuation contained in an anonymous letter , to the effect than an illicit still was concealed in the learned gentleman's dwelling . An animated debate then ensued , Mr . Carbweli . and the AriORXEr-GENERAL opposing the resolution , which , on a division , was lost by a majority of 134 to 125 .

      Lord George Bextinck then moved for an address to her Majesty , praying her to direct that copies be kid before the house of certain documents relating to the Legislative Assembly of the Canadas . The motion was seconded by Air . Roebuck , and agreed to .

      FACTORY BILL . On the order of the day for further proceeding on the question that the debate on the amendment to

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      the second reading of the Factory Bill be adjourned till Monday next , being read , , ¦ . : Mr . Bankes said the debate was adjourned under peculiar circumstances ; tlie adjournment of the debate was carried ; he ( Mr . Bankes ) then proposed that it should be adjourned till Monday next ; before the house could decide that question , tho hour arrivetl at which it was necessary the Speaker should leave tho chair . He now moved that the debate be adjourned till this day ( Friday ) week . The Speaker said the question was put to the house , and it was declared that the " Ayes" had it . Sir R . Peel thought it desirable there should be

      no misunderstanding , the debate had already been adjourned twice , but considering that many members engaged on committees had expressed a wish to take part in it , he was ready to assign a government day for the continuance of the debate , and to allow it to take precedence of all other business , with the exception ofthe Corn Bill and the Tariff . He had wished to take one discussion on the Settlement Bill , but he was not disposed to insist upon that . If , therefore , they should have concluded the discussion on the Corn Bill and the Tariff on Friday , he Was ready to go into the discussion on the Factory Bill . The debate was then adjourned till Friday next . The house adjourned at half-past 1 o ' clock .

      HOUSE OF LORDS—Fbid ^ t , May 15 . Oa the motion to go into Comwutiee on the ReligiouS'Opinions ^ Bill ,. ' The Bishop of Exeter moved as an amendment that the Bill be read a second time that day six months . The Bishop of St . Davids heartily ^ supported the Bill , declaring that he approved of every clause in it , though he thought it ought to have gone further . The Bishop of Oxfobd , and Lords Brougham , Campbell , and Stanley , having addressed the house the amendment was rejected without a division , and the house went into committee . The unopposed clauses were agreed to , and thos& objected to were postponed for the purpose of being amended and having the amendments printed . Some Bills on" their ; Lordships * table were advanced a stage , and the house adjourned . HOUSE OF C 0 MM 0 NS .-FRIDAY . May 15 .

      CORN IMPORTATION BILL—ADJOURNED DEBATE . The adjourned debate on the third reading ofthe Corn Importation Bill and the Marquis of Granby ' s amendment thereto , was resumed by Mi ' . Colquhoun , who opposed the Bill in an able speech . He was followed by Mr . C . Wood on the other side . Mr . P . Bennet , Mr . Hudson , the Marquis of Worcester , and Mr . Lawson , gave their decided opposition to the Free-trade measure ofthe government . Mr . Montague Gore and Mr . Vbrwn Smith spoke in favour of the Ministerial measure .

      Mr . D'Isr aeli delivered one of his telling invectives against the Premier , which are so heartily enjoyed by all the Anti-Peelites . The right hon . baronet was accused of entirely changing , but of that he ( Mr . D'Israeli ) acquitted him , because from the days of Homer to those of Cobden , the right hon . baronet had traded in the ideas and intelligence of others . His life bad been one great appropriation clause . He was the burglar of others' intellects , acommitter of petty larcenies on others' brains . The right

      honourable baronet told the house he did not feel humiliated ; but humiliation depended on the organisation of the animal ; and though he might not feel humiliation for himself , the country ought to feel it for him . The great comprehensive plan of hie was not his at all . It was the plan of Popkins , and was the country to be convulsed for Popkins' plan ? Away with this political pedlar , who had bought his party in the cheapest and sold it in the dearest market . Mr . D ' Israeli ' s speech waa enthusiastically applauded by the Protectionists .

      Lord John : Russell supported the Ministerial

      measure . Sir R . Peel considered he would insult the house and the country should he condescend te bandy personalities when this great question was under discussion . He iiad foreseen the serious responsibilities his course on this question would subject him to—that it would interrupt political friendships and party ties ; but the smallest annoyance he had anticipated as its true result was the continued venomous attacks of the hon . member for Shrewsbury . All he should sav was . that if the hon . member believed in

      1841 that he ( Sir R . Peel ) had been guilty of those petty lai cenies spoken of , it was strange the hen . member should have consented to unite his fortunes in office with one whose conduct he thought so contemptible . Mr . D'Israeli completely denied the insinuation east by the Premier that he had solicited office . The hon . member pledged his honour that he had never applied to the government for any appointment , although such rumours had been propagated by persons about the Minister .

      bir R . Peel insisted that Mr . D'Israeli had intimated to him in 1 S 41 that he was willing to co-operate in office with the Government . Lord G . Bentixck opposed the Bill , which Mr . Villiers supported . The House then divided : — For the reading 327 Against 229 Majority «»••» 98 The Bill was then read a third time , and passed , and the house adjourned at a quarter-past four .

      HOUSE OF LORDS , Mosday , Mat 18 . The House met at five o'clock . A Message from the House of Commons brought up the Bill "to amend the laws relative to the importation ot Corn , " and several private Bills .

      CORN LAWS . The Duke of Wellington moved that the Corn Law Repeal Bill be now read a first time . ( Hear , hear . ) . The Duke of Richmond immediately rose and said , he could not allow even the first reading to pass without entering his protest against it . It was not ins intention , on that occasion , to state the many reasons he had against the Bill . He reserved that for another and more proper period , but in the mean time he had strongly to object to the conduct ot bir Robert Peel , in bringing forward such a measure . The noble Duke then delivered a severe invective against Sir Robert Peel for his inconsistency and Anti

      cowardice in truckling to the -Corn-Law League . To show that the Protection party had no factious view in their opposition to this Bill , he consented to allow the first reading , and to debate the second reading on Monday uext , when , confident in the justice of their cause , they would only demand a fair field and no favour . He concluded his remarks by declaring , that the Premier must have lost his head by cowardly political fcav ere ho . had so debased himself before an interested conspiracy out of doors . , , The Earl of Riro . v said , he knew tho reproaches that might be cast on him and his colleagues for undertaking the awful responsibility ot introducing this Bill , but ho was prepared to meet them .

      CHARITABLE TRUSTS BILL . The Lord Chancellor moved the second reading ofthe Charitable Trusts' Bill . He related its histoiy , and acknowledged that he felt compelled to give way to the opposition that was raised against some of its clauses , he said that if their Lordships were of opinion that a number of exemptions should take place , he was prepared to accede to it , and would include the names of those trusts that they wished to ue to exempted in the schedule he would attach to the Bill , lie proposed to exempt all the Universities and schools that had royal endowments , all the great hospitals that were supported by voluntary contributions , and many others that it was not necessary for him then to enumerate . Their Lordships could in committee , take from , or add to , the number .

      Lord Cottenhau moved as an amendment that the Bill be read a second time that day six months , lie hoped their Lordships would not fall into the snare of not objecting to a bad measure , by the promise of having amendments introduced in committee , which were only offered by the Noble and Learned Lord , because he despaired of getting the measure through either House , without diving uinine-tenths of the entire provisions of the Bill . Lord Bkouoham supported the Bill with extraordinary vehemence , anil , professing himsclt tor tlie once a Whig , asserted his right of charging with inconsistency all the other Whigs in the house who Hhould vote against the Bill . He declared , that , m his opinion , nothing but a desire to give annoyance to the government could have united Whigs with tlie Protection party in voting against this measure .

      The Earl of Eldon denied that any such unworthy motive actuated him . Huhad not determined , when he came down to the house , positively to oppose the Bill ; but tho explanations given by the Lord Chancellor were so unsatisfactory , that he should vote against the second reading . Lord Campbell ridiculed the idea of Lord Brougham and Vaux setting himself up as a solitary monument of consistent Whiggery in their Lordships ' house , and appealing from old Whiggery to himself . Lord Campbell contended that the simp le remedy tor the abuses of charitable trusts would be to reform the Court of Chancery . The Bishop of Salisbury supported the second

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      reading , without sledging himself to any of the de-Uiils . Lord Abinokr and Lord Wrotteslby spoke io favour of the Bill . Their Lordships divided , when there were—Contents for the second reading 40 Non-contents ... 41 Majority against the government ...... — 1 Their Lordships adjourned at a quarter past twelve o ' clock . HOUSE OF COMMONS , Monday , May 18 . The House met at four o'clock . Mr . O'Cosnbll presented UI petitions numerously signed , from various places in Ireland , praying for the release of Mr . W . Smith O'Brien from the custody of the Sergeant-at-Arms . A great number of petitions in favour of the Ten Hours'Bill'were presented by Messrs . Duncombe and Fcrrand .

      v SMALL DEBTS ACT . Mr . R . V . Smith inquired whether-the government intended to introduce a general small debts bill , as he understood they had stopped all the local bills that were before the house . Sir J . GBAHAJireplicd , that hehad certainly notified to the parties promoting local bills for the establishment of small debt courts , that they should suspend them till opportunity was afforded to the government of introducing n general measure . The President of the Council was about to introduce into the other house a bill , which would be the complement ; of the measure adopted last session , carrying it into general execution without further legislative interposition . The bill would enable the Queen in Council to establish Courts throughout England and Wales for the trial of causes for the recovery of debts under £ 20 before a qualified judge , to regulate the procedure universally , and to establish a code of fees . ADMINISTRATION OF THE POOR LAWS .

      In answer to some questions by Mr . Christie , as to several- cases of oppression by magistrates and Boards of Guardians , to which public attention has recently been directed , Sir J . Graham answered , that with regard to one of those cases , occurring at Loughborough , he stated to the house on the former occasion that the warrant of conviction was illegal , and that he had conveyed to the magistrates a strong opinion on the subject of their conduct in that instance as being harsh and reprehensible . In reference to the conviction of the female servant , stated to be a servant in husbandry ,

      lie had asked for various explanations , and was bound to state that the explanations given were not satisfactory ; he had thought it advisable on the whole , to send down a commission to inquire into the proceedings ; and that inquiry was about to be instituted . With reference to the third caao , at Burrow * on-Soar , he ( Sir J . Graham ) had no right to interfere , but he had intimated to the Poor Law Commisioners that it was desirable there should be an inquiry into the mode in which the workhouse officers had exercised their discretion ; and after what had been said , he would make it his duty to ascertain in what mode the inquiry was being conducted .

      INFORMERS UNDER THE GAME LAWS . A long conversation on this topic arose , originating in a poor woman having been entrapped into the purchase of a hare and pheasant belonging to Sir C . Taylor , beforejwhomshe wasdragged , andsenttneed by him to hard labour and imprisonment . Sir J . Graham rede off upon some verbal mistakes . Several members , among whom was the liberal Mr . Leader , gave Sir 0 . Taylor an excellent character , as one of the mildest , meekest , kindest hearted old gentleman of 70 years of age , to be found in the country , and the subject dropped . BROAD AND NARROW GAUGE . Sin . R . Peel in answer to some enquiries as to when the report on this subject would be presented , informed the House that the report of the commission was at present before the Board of Trade , and as soon as that board had digested and prepared a report thereon , it should be laid on the table .

      EDUCATION IN IRELAND . In reply to Mr . Wyse , Sir Jambs Graham stated the Government intended forthwith to establish at leastthirty district schools in connection with the National Board of Education in Ireland .

      BREACH OF PRIVILEGE . Mr . G . Bankes complained of a commentary upon a speech of of his colleague Mr . Floyer , by the Hon ami Rev . Sidney G . Osborne , and which appeared in the Times as a breach of privilege ; he did not wish this " popularity hunting parson " as Sir J . Graham had called liira last season , to be brought up to tlie bar of the House , but hoped this notice would induce his Bishop to give a hint to keep quiet in future . Another long " palaver " ensued on this subject , and the order of the day was then read for bringing up the report on nUSTOMS' DUTIES BILL .

      Mr . Duscombe presented a petition from about 300 jewellers of Middlesex , representing that a trade had sprung up in French and other foveige watches , to the detriment of native manufacture —( Hear , hear ) —and paying for an alteration ofthe duty on the importation of such foreign watches . Tlie report having been brought up and read a tat time pro fornvt—on the question that it be read a second time . Lord G . Bentinck opposedthe motion , first , on the ground that the best mode of levying taxes for revenue was by duties on Customs rather than by duties on Excise ; and secondly , on the ground that we ought not to remit £ 2 , 400 , 000 of Customs duties until we had satisfied ourselves that we could not remit any of the duties of Excise , which pressed so heavily on the people of England . His third ground of opposition was thatif we were determined to

      re-, duce Customs' duties in preference to Excise duties , we ought to apply ourselves—and his complaint was that we had not applied ourselves—to the reduction of duties on articles the produce of those countries , which dealt most leniently with our commodities , llis bnrth . ground was that , when you reduced a Customs' duty , the producer abroad shaved the benefit of the reduction with the consumer at home , whereas , when you reduced anIExcise duty , be it on hops , soap , or corn , the entire reduction went into the pockets of tho subjects of Great Britain . The noble lord then pocccdcd to object , in detail , to the reductions which it was now proposed to make in the duties on silk and timber , and to point out the injury which , in both cases , would be inflicted on our native industry . He concluded by moving that the report be taken into further consideration that day sixmonths . Mr . Lawson seconded the amendment .

      The Chancellor of the Exchequer maintained that the system of dividing the revenue between tho Customs and Excise was tho best possible , and that the reductions which had been raado were made upon the wisest and safest principle . He said the noble Lord ' s plan would lead to a perpetual war ol . tarins , and that the plan proposed by the Government would lead to an universal adoption of the principles of Free Trade . ,, n Mr . Baskes , Mr . Borthwick , Mr . Pwjmptre , Colonel Sibtiiorp , Mr . Henley , and Mr . Hudson , spoke in favour of tho amendment . The original motion was supported by Mr . Hawes and Dr . Bowring . Lord G . Bkntimck then , by leave of the house , withdrew his amendment . The report was then received , and the bill was ordered to be engrossed and to be read a third time on Tuesday . Hakdisob

      The Annuity Bills of Lord Viscount and Lord Gocgh were then committed . The other orders of the day were tlicn disposed of , and tlie house adjourned . HOUSE OF LORDS . — Tuesday , May 19 . Tho houso met at Five o'clock . Lord Campbell . — In the exercise of that undoubted privilege which belongs to your Lordshipsthe Lord Chancellor not being present , and it now bein- nearly a quavter- past five o ' clock—1 move that a Speaker be elected ; and I am sure that we cannot make a better choice than my Noble and Learned Friend , Lord Brougham . ( " Hear , hear , and a ai Lord Brougham . —Wo have an undoubted right to exercise that privilege , and it may be necessary from time to time to exercise it . Lord Shaltcsbury would have been here , but he is most importantly ied on a rivate Bill .

      occup p Here fcho Lord Chancellor entered the IIouso , and took liis seat on the Woolsack .

      EDUCATION IN WALES . The Bishop of St . David ' s presented a petitioii praying that some means might be devised to promote ( iduentioii amongst tliu poor in Wales , anil especially W teach them the English , language . Tlie lliglic ltev . Prelate urged the subject of education ou the Government , and recommended that pecuniary assistance should be afforded to some districts . ... Tlie Duke of Euccleucii said that Iho subject had not escaped the attention of the Government ; , nor the attention of the Committee ot Council ot Education . CUSTOMS DUTIES BILL . TheDukeofBuccLEucnimovcd tho first reading

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      ¦ ' . ' ; ¦ ¦ . ¦ . f $ '¦ ; ¦ ¦ ¦ - " . of the Customs Duties Bill , which had jtist'ffo . me up from the Commons ; ' - " ¦" - ' - ~—^ The Duke of Kichsiond instantly rose and 3 aid , lie felt it impossible to permit the first reading to pass without entering : his protest against it , land declaring that' in his opinion it was an insult added to A'UWr" Tlieir Lordships were called upon to consider tho Corn Bill which abolished agricultural , pro'eetioiv aUogtitber , and this Customs Bill , which mninta-ned protection to manufacture , .. while , thow - Bills which were called measures of compensation to the iwnoiiltnral interests were not before the House . He objected to Free Trade altogether , but if they were to have at at all , let it be fair to every party . Now the ministerial measure , maintained protection to manufactures while they abolished it entirely ia the case of agriculture . , _ .. ^ Lord Mohtbagle maintained that a customs duty might be levied on foreign manufactures for the sake * of revenue , while foreign porn might be admitted . duty free , without any violation of the principle of Fseo Trade .

      Lord Beaumont said , Lord Monteagle might put what construction he pleased on the term Free Trade , but the country would only understand it inthcsmise the Anti-Corn Law Loague applied it to corn—that is , a total absence of duty . Lord Brougham contended that the Corn Duties were to be repealed solely because they were a bad tax . Karl Gket denounced protection of all kinds , and said he should accept this measure only as an instal * ment . He asserted with the greatest confidence , that the manufacturers were ready and willing to abide by a per / ectly Free Trade policy , and to give the same to all our colonies .

      Lord AsnBi / Rroff complimented Lord Grcya * bsing the solitary Free Trader who puiely and manfully avowed his Free Trade principles . As to the definition given by Lord Monteagle , Lord Ashbbrton said he considered it a mere tricky , shuffling one , noi very intelligible or distinct . The question was Protection or no Protection to all or none . And if no Protection , thenot what use would our colonies be ? As to the lanff being any compensation to the farmer , it was no more a compensation to him than to the crow of a foundering ship to be told that their neighbours in another ship , which had struck against a rock , were going down also . t Some further discussion followed , and the liill waa then road a first time . The Duke of Wellington then proposed that the BUI should be ordered for a secend reading on Friday the 29 th inst .

      Lord Stanlet suggested that the second rcadin e Bhould be fixed pro forma for Thursday the 28 th , with the understanding that it should then be postponed to a later day , so as to come on after the disctosien on the second reading of the Corn Bill . The Duke of Richmond said , that he was prepared to agree to any suggestion that his noble friend ( Lord Stanley ) would make , as be looked upon him as the leader and mainstay of the Protection party . The second reading of the Bill was fixed accordingly . ' Their Lordships adjourned to Friday , . HOUSE OF COMMONS , Tuesday , Mat 19 . The Speaker took the chair at the usual hour .

      CUSTOMS DUTIES BILL . r * Si vl FEKiimoved the thirdreading ofthe Custom Duties Bill . ¦ Mr . Stappoed O'Brien took the opDortunity of asking the Government if they had framed any machinery for the obtaining of correct agricultural statistics . The hon , member said , that the Proisctha party had laboured under great disadvantage ia - fae late discussion in consequence of not having correct statistical information to refer to . He suggested that the ' Highway Commission might he made available tor the purpose . Sir G . Clkrk replied that the government had been making experiments by means of parochial schoolmasters in Scotland « nd Ireland , and by jiienna ot poor law officers in England , and the result should m a short time be made kuown . The Bill was then read a third time , and passed . QUARANTINE .

      Dr . Bowring moved that a n humble address be presented to her Majesty , that she will be graciously pleased to direct such correspondence or extracts oi the subject of the quarantine laws as has taken place with foreign governments since the last returns to Parliament , to be laid on the table of this house : and that this house will see with pleasure such rehucatiuns in the existing system as may be compatible with a due regard to the public health , and the general interests of the nation . The hoa . and learned gentleman said , that in the case ofthe Eclair , much human lite had been sacrificed in consequence of the laws of quarantine . Those Jaws were nowlifild hv

      the mgnest authorities no longer to be necessary in Western Europe . In the east , where there were no sewers , no ventilation , and vast masses of people hying in the grossest habits of filthiness , the plague still raged , but it was almost conclusively proved not to be contagious . It was , in its worst character , an epidemic diseoso , propagated Dy atmospheric influences , and not by contagion . Such was the result of the recent French commission appointed upon the subject . These quarantine laws taxed the commerce of the world to the amount , at least , of or . Q ot two milhona per annum , And the amount of human suffering and annoyance they caused was much greater .

      Sir G . Clerk had no objection to the production of the papers on the subject which had engaged the attention not only of this but of other countries . ihe doctrine ot contagion was losing ground , b ut it was desirable , of course , not to excite unnecessary alarm in other countries , though it was desirable to relieve commerce of these regulations as soon as possible . ( Hear , hear . ) Experiments had been tried at Alexandria , whence it appeared that the garments of those who had died oi' the plague while it- was afe its greatest height , were , after having been exposed toaiieatofaboutlQO degrees , worn voluntarily by nearly eighty persons , not one of whom had suffered m consequence . It was to be hoped that the prejudices prevailing on the subject would , ere long , be removed . ( Hear . ) Mr . Hume , Mr . Mackisnon , and Sir R . Inoxis having severally made some remarks on the sufcyect , Tho motion was then agreed to .

      BRIDPORT ELECTION . Mr . Bankes mored , " That William Rocketfe have leave to state his case at the bav with vefersace to the Bridport election . " Mr . Bankes stated that the committee which tried the Bridport return had given an adjudication , not on the matter contained ir . the petition against the return , but on a matter quite extraneous . There was no allegation in the petition against Mr . Uochrane ' s return that one vote had been placed upon one poll iwstead of the other , and therefore tko committee had no authority or right to decide on that point . Besides , Mr . Rockett , whose vote was transferred by the committee , stated tliftt he had voted for Mr . Coclirane , and never had the idea of voting for Mr . Rwnilly .

      Ihe Atiornet-Gknerax objected to the motion , though he was willing that an inquiry should be had into the matter contained in Mr . Rocketfs petition . Mv . Christie moved , as an . amendment to Mr . Bankes' motion , "That the petition of William Rocket 6 be referred to a select committee , which shall be appointed to inquire into all the circumstances under which Joseph Welch gave evidence before the select committee on the Bridport flection petition that William Rockett voted for Mr . Romilly ; and whether any compromise or arrangement waa entered into by the parties to the petition , their counsel ^ or agents , to preventthe disclosure of bribery or treating ; and also , whether and to what extent bribery and treating were practised at the last election for tlie borough of Bridport . "

      Ihe Attorney-General consented to the fii' 3 fc part of this amendment , but objected to an inquiry by the committee with the questions for compromise or bribery . A dwbatc ensued which occupied the whole of the night , upon this motion and amendment , and in which Mr . Gisborng , Sir Ii . Inglis , Mr . Waklet , Mr . llOMiUY , Mr . Aglioxbv , Mr . 0 . Wood , Mr . T . DuiicOMBis , Mr . He . nlkx , and other Honourable Members took part Mr . Bankes withdrew his motion ; an . I Mr . Ciiaisi-iE ' s amendment then stood as a subsf .-mtive motion . Tlie Attorney-General moved tho omissici ! of all the words after the word " Ruaiilly " The House divided—For Mr . Christie ' s motion 11 Against it 47

      The numbers being thus even , tho Sfbaki-. k gave his casting vote in favour of the Government , and against the motion ; thero was consequently a majority of one in favour of Ministers . Several lion . Members , thinking tho question decided , lelfc the IIouso , and other business \ vft- * commenced , when Mr . Law arose and sitid , that though the original motion had be en put and lost , the amendment had not been put from the chair . The Speaker acknowledged that such wns the case , and put the amendment . Mr . Hume thereupon moved the adjournmi-iit of the debate to Thursday , on tlio {• round time many lion . Members had left the house under tho erroneous impression that the question had bec-u altogether disposed of . The Government made no objection , and the debate was adjourned to Thursday .

      The Railway Companies Dissolution Bill passed through committee . The other orders of the day were disposed of , and the House adjourned at twelve o ' clock . HOUSE OF COMMONS . — Wsdkebdat , Mir 39 . The Speaker took the Chair at twelve o ' clock . THE LACE FACTORY . BILL . On the question that tho order of the ( la ) ' for the second reading of this bill be read , , , Mr . T . Dunoombk presented a Pc fcl . ^ Xe ml tingham , signed by 4 , 981 operatives m the law . manufaclure , iu favour ol the bill . I CvituMtd to the- Eight Page . ]

      ? =. From Paradise-No. I. _ ^

      ? =. FROM PARADISE-No . I . _ ^

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      fi * & * ¦ - . / . ^•^^ ¦ a . <^ ^ m - - ' ' ¦ ' ' i r " **^ P ? fJT n £ << - : ¦ ' •¦ .. AND NATIONAL TR ^ E ^ iQlIRNAL ' ;

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      VOL . X . NO . 445- LONDON . SATURDAyTmAY 23 , 1846 . : ^ Flre ^ aTSffgggttgL ^

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), May 23, 1846, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1367/page/1/