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Northern Star (1837-1852), 22nd November 1845, Edition 1 of 4, Page 6, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      FIFTH REPORT UF THE IRISH COMMISSIONERS . " 'Tohit ExcellencyBaron Ifeyieioury , Lord-lieutenant ofIreland , dec , "Board-room , Royal Dublin Society , Nov . 7 . "JlyLord , —Having laid before your Excellency oar views as to the best means of storing the pvtatoe , and couvertiug to Hteful purposes such as are too much diseased to offer a probability of beirigpreserved , we now hare the honour to bring under your

      con-- gideration tlie qnestion of seed for a future year . If in oar former reports we have found it difficult to determine what course , tn » der the peculiar circura-: stances of Ireland , it might be most-advisable to pursue , we are still more embarrassed , on the present occasion , in consequence of the conflicting testimony , that has been presented to us , and the absence of all . decisive evidence as to the cause of the potatoe . disease . The want of experience derive from pre-: y ions visitations of the same nature also renders it impossible to affirjn in Tfhat manner tte potatoe may - ; {» affectedxnthecourbeo { tho next few montlis , ¦ "WehavejIiowcTerj . cEdeavoured to ascertain all thatis positively known npon these subjects , by the examination of a great variety of publishing

      documents , both foreign and domestic ; by personal ob-• serration ; and by inquiries addressed to persons of practical experienceor scientific reputation . "It is a very generalopinion , and one entertained by men whose extensive knowledge entities it to respect , that parasitical fungi , similar in their nature to those which produce mildew and dryrot , are the teal cause of the malady . It is stated that one of thcee plants belonging to the genus botrytis , ani similar to that which some years since produced great mischief among the silkworms of Prance and Italy , iiasattacked the potatoe crop . . It is described as entering the potatoe , plantby the breathing pores of its leaves , and then passing down thronjrh the : interior of the stem into the tubers , in which its

      mycelium or spawn fixesitself , traversing the cellular mass , separating the cells themselves , causing alteration in their chymicalcondition , and thus producing -Jeeay . 3 h other cases , where the spawn is not apjsarently distinguishable In diseased portions of potatoes , even by the most practised observers , it is suggested that the juices of the plant may be vitiated by the parasite which destroyed the leaves , and that particles of it too obscure to be distinguished by the eye may be circulating with the juices and producing : disease by irritation . The presence of the parasite Is not to be detected by the naked eje , unless it . ' make Its appearance on the outside of the potatoe in

      the form of mouldy tufts ; but its spawn raay be detected in the diseased portions by the microscope , whether any external indications of its presence can be perceived or not ; hence it is inferred that it is ; produced exclusively from within . It is , however , " \ rithin our knowledge that when apparently sound " ' potatoes are pitted in places where the raouldiness of a diseased potatoe is able to appear , that mouidiness . rapidly establishes itself on the- sound potatoes at every point where there surface has been wounded orbruised ; and that , under such circumstances , the disease is immediately extended through the entire ' Bias 3 .

      " That the spawn or fungi is present in a largo quantity in diseased potatoes is undoubted j . the evidence of the best microscopical observers would be with us conclusive on that point , even if we had not Terified ^ the fact by personal observation . We also regard it as well ascertained , that these parasites spread rapidly in warm and damp situations , producin ^ infinite . mischief undersuch circumstances , and that their advance is only to be successfully resisted bv aryness ^ But it does not appear to us that their being the original cause , of the disease has been well established ; if it were so , itis difficult to conceive why fields of potatoes placed very near each other should be differently affected , or why certain varieties of this plant should be muchlesslnjtired tlian

      othersthe Irish apple potatoe for instance , which appears to have suffered more extensively than others . We are also unable to reconcile with . the theory of the potatoe disease being caused by parasitical fungi the remarkable fact that in its present fonn It is certainlv of modern origin . That it may have always existed is possible , though of this we have no proof ; but at least there can be no doubt that is has only manifested itself to any considerable degree within the last few years . We cannot suppose the botrytis , which observers find to be the kind of fungus that atfecks the potatoes to be ~ a recent creation . We must assume it to have been coresistent-with tbepotatoe itself ; and , therefore , we mast conclude thai some recent causes have come into eperation

      favourable to its increase to the present alarming degree . " Without pretending to decide what the cause teally was , we may state that it seems to be connected with the cold , cloudy , ungenial weather which has characterised tho present year over the north of Europe—conditions highly unsuited to the constitu-• ticn of * p lant which , like the potatoe , is a native of a warm , dry , sunay country , and insufficient for the ripening of the tubers . Without adverting to solitary cases , which require to be examined with more care than we Dave the means of giving to them , we may State , that amidst ( he mass of conflicting evidence - which , we have obtained , the following facts appear to be established : — " 1 . That potatoes planted early in the season are more healthy than those planted later .

      " 2 . That the crop has saffered less in dry , elevated , sandy _ districts , where the influence' of the aesson was mitigated by slowness of growth , or comjpensated for by the natural warmth of the soil . * ' 3 . That the late varieties of potatoes are more diseased than early ones . " 4 > That the-prraent disease seeais to be confined to the northern parts of Europe ' and North America , and to be unknown in the countries to thesoutil-: ward . "If we arc right in the conclusion at which we have thus arrived , there will not bo cause for serioua alarm as to the crop of another year , unless an equally unfavourable season should be experienced , or the supply of healthy seed should be insuiScient , or that the parasite should be found to have so entirely taken possession of this year ' s plants as to overcome thenatnral power of living bodies to repel the attacks of . such enemies to healthy vegetation .

      To Providence wo must turn in the hope that a second season like this-may not . be visited upon us . Should flie Almighty , in his infinite mercy , avert ancha misfortune , we entertain confident hopes that the _ other two sources of danger may ba guarded against by human foresight and diligence . "Iu providing seed for a future year we may look with confidence to such potatotoes of home growth as shall have resisted all tendency u > decav dunng the winter ; and we trust that a considerable quantify of them will be found remaining where the precautions for storing which we have recommended shall have heen observed . We do act anticipate any danger In the use of them if they are planted early Kpeciftily if before being planted they are exposed to light till they become grean . Another source of supply may doubtless be found in . the southern . parts of Europe , whcr 8 , we have reason to believe , . " that disease has not shown itself , aud we would strongly advise the public to lose no time in SCCurins whai may fee procurable from that quarter .

      m It is stated , by M . Seringe , secretary to the commissioH appointed in the department of the Rhone , in a report just published by Mm on the potatoe au-ease , that it is unknown at Genoa and the warmer j countries . Our own advifces describes the crops about Marseilles as being perfectly fcaalthv , and therefore wemayco ncludethatmercantilecntei-prisewiH make l ^ a "T" ^ ^ alarge partof ^ deficient to ' ' JIS l ^^ . been ascertained by actual esperif J Jj P otatoe 3 ' although diseased , will grow and produce apparentl y healthy plants . The Rsv . aar . Berkley , a gentleman eminent above all other S'S / ff * Kingdom in his knowledge 01 the habits of fungi , and whom we have consulted

      on tour occasion ; states that although there would ^ certainly be some risk of raising a diseased proeenv i-fcoma . diseased stock , yet the growth of fun ° i so evidently depends on atmospheric conditions that it :. ; does not follow that because germs are present they r would televelortJ . J I " We eannot ,. iiowever , recommend the use of dis--easedtubers for seed , except by way of experiment " - ilS- " ?¦ ofateolutenecessity , anditwillalways be " ~ ** ?« at to dust them with powdered line before thev * S ^ * ™^ ' Meed > be proper to do so when ^ PloieKw ^* *""* in appearance , are eml - oJtom *? ^™» pwccss will destroy the minute seeds ^• CSSS ^ W '* ™* may be sticking to the II ff ^^ repeUl ? 2 those which arc Tying in *»«• -=- - ^ T / , 5 . wars * those potatoes being selected

      Untitled Article

      which , on careful inspeetion , show no sign of dis-HS , and Jm ^ M S ^ S ^ SS ^ tlSSL a ie ^ mf ^ m ^^'^^^^^ - ^^^ r ' ' ^ f r ; - " TV'hero home-grown sets are to ; I » e ewiploycd ioi atstner " cmpZw ' e would suggest , with very great confidence the adoption of tlw system of autumn planting ; a inetJjod of cnltivation which hasproyed advantageous in regard to the crop , which a attended with no unusual expense , and which seems particularly adapted to trie circumstances of the present case . -It has-been ' shown by Mr . Grey , of Dilstoc , that , in Northumberland , his potatoe crop has been cohsi'lcrably increased in qusntitj' by this practice , and that he had no disease in it this year . In 1844 his autumn-planted crop produced ICO and 111 loads .

      when the same quantity oi' -pring-planted , laud yielded but eighty loads under the aamc circumstances , And in the present season this gentleman states thiit his autumn-planted is one-third better than his spring-planted crop . There can , therefore , be no doubt that autumn planting may be safely practised . On this occasion it has these peculiar * advantages , that it offers an additional chance of security against renewed attacks from the parasitical fungi . On this point the evidence of Mr . Eorkely is positive . ' Autumn planting , ' he states , ' seems to me to offur the best cnance of obtaining healthy ' se Is . What are now planted wiU produce their tubers before the atmospheric conditions requisite for the growth of the parasite in the leaves can be realised , aud without

      such growth the particles , if present , WiJl De too tew to cause much evU ; I think , under existing circumstances , the commissioners cannot do a greater service titan by encouraging and enforcing as much as possible aulunih planting . * Concurring , as we ontirely do , in this recommendation , we trust that the planters of potatoes who have it in their , power to adopt it will do so at once . . .. - ' .. "All that we conceive it necessary to state wiih reference to the practice is , that it should be performed at any time before the end of January ; that tlie sets should be thoroughly dried , by , exposure to light and air ; that tliey should also be well dusted with lime ; aud they should be planted in drills six inches deep , with" 'farm-yard manure below the sets . We also recommend that idiere the' potatoes are sot laige , they sliould be planted whole , and even large potatoes should be cut into not more than two pieces . " We have ascertained that autumn planting has

      been already pi-actised throughout Fingal for the eai ' jy suppl y of the Dublin market ; and that although the practice has been nearly discontinued , that has not happened for any reason that affects the present question . Neither do we leara . that the eariy period at which the leaves appear above ? the ground in spring is attended with any greater , riskthan > what attends precarious crops like the potatoe in any season . The effect to be anticipated from autumn plant , ing consists , not merely in a-probable increase of quantity in next year ' s supply , but in the saving of potatoes which may perish before spring if the slow growth which goes on during winter is arrested , ami in the early ripening of next year ' s crop in the event of a second unfavourable season supervening , . . We may add , that experience has shown tho smail refuse potatoes of the year to be suited to autumn planting , if sound , and prepared iu the manner we have recommended . . -. •; - ¦ - " .- ; - ¦ -& - ; :.: ¦ . ¦ ¦ -,- ? : " , '

      It has bceu supposed by many persons > tkat . the potatoe has arrived at a state of great debility , fand thai ; the crop will continue liable to disease Jike the present until new varieties shall haver been raised ; from seed . We do _ not find any satisfactory ^' evidence to support this opinion . It , is doubtelssdrue-tlint great constitutional differences exist : > ain 6 ngtthe varietiesof the : potatoe , and that some > ard : much ' more delicate than others ; but we- doJnot . find that the oldest varieties are most tender ,- or the newest the most hardy ; On the contrary ; it is within our own knowledge , that in the present ; season very healthy .. varieties , recently raised , have ; suffered nsnch more than kinds that have long been in cultivation . : ' t . ;/¦ ¦ ¦¦¦ ¦

      "While , however , we withhold our assent to the proposition that newly raised varieties of the potatce are exempt in any peculiar degree from the attacks of disease , we fully admit the fact that some varieties are much more subject to it than others , and we therefore recommend the cultivation of the tender kinds to be discontinued , and that those alone ba used for future cropping which the experience of the present year shows to be the best suited to unfavourable seasons ; and on this point we may further remark , that all concurrent testimony points out the Irish 'cup' variety as that which has suffered least

      from the attacks of the disease . . , . "We are also of opinion that it will be Imprudent to plant potatoes for the next crop in land which has been just cleared of them . Thelatteris in all probability filled with the seeds of fungi , countless myriads of which must have been scattered over tho tainted jk-ld ; and although they probably have been borae by the winds to every portion of the country , yet it may be conceived that the soil will be more impregnated where diseased potatoes have just been growing than in fields iu which decaying matter was not actuallv present .

      " Under these circumstances , we are decidedly of opinion that , prior to putting any kind of crop for the comingyear into land that has beentlrisseason under potatoes , it will be prudent , if not absolutely necessary , that the ground should be turned up and exposed to the action of the atmosphere with : care , and that it should he thoroughly manured with lime . We have already recomniended that the potatoes , whether whole or cuttings , u « ed for seed , should be dusted over with lime previous to planting ; and we further urge , that in the case of corn or seed crops of arcry lund , the seeds should be steeped in lime water , or in the solution of blue stone and salt well known to farmers . Evidence has already been laid before us of injurious effects where precautions such as we have described have been neglected .

      "We forbear from adverting to the possibility of replenishing the diminished supply of potatoes by sowing the seeds formed by the flower . This is ail operation which can only be carried on successfully in a garden—isu&suited to the means of the small cultivator—cannot in any way ' affect the question of immediate supply—and may be safely left to the intelligence of the gardeners scattered throughout the country . " "Hitherto , we have laid before your Excellency , for the purposes of publication , several reports , in a merely popular form , suited to the present emergency . We arc confident that the recommendations contained in them , if carried into effect , will tend to

      Mitigate the evils arising from the attacks of tho disease in the potatoe crop . We now propose to proceed forthwith to apply ourselves to the investigation of the important scientific questions involved in the subject ; and to report in due time the result of our inquiries , in order that , from past experience , we , may derive knowledge for future guidance . These investigations will occupyus for a considerable time ; am ! , while we do not contemplate the necessity of publishing further popular directions , we shall hold ourselves in readiness to give our immediate attention to any question which your Excellency may submit for cur consideration , or to report from tiiue to time for your Excellency ' s private information . We have the honour to' be your faitliful and obedient

      servants . " Robem Kane . "Jons LixDLuy . "Lxox Plsxfair . "

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      GREAT MEETING ? IN H 3 Ta PANORAS . | T 0 ; PETITION FOR ^ THE ^ RESTORATION W - ^ TROST ^ WIIiblicMSp afi ^ liS ^ VfND ^ ELIilSf ^ > In' -C ^ p U « nwi . WJ % s ^^ Chartist boaViatioo , and by the Exiles Restoration Committee , flie Somcrs Town locality appointed a'deputation to wait-on tlie gentlemen conjposing : the St . . Paricras vestry , to request tue use of the vestry rooms , for tho . purpO 6 © of holding a public meeting to petition Parliament to address her Majesty to-restore the above-named patriotic exiles to their country . ' ¦ Tho vestrv ,- with their usual

      liberality , immediately granted the request , and on Mouday evening , November lttli , we had thu pleusure of witnessing one of the largest meetings ever , congregated togetiierin this part of the great metropolis . Therooms , staitease ,, and large . hall . leading thereto , heing most densely Crowded . At lmlf-past seven o ' clock Mr . Hornby was unanimously called to the chair , and briefly stated the objects of the meeting ; also tliat Sir B . Hall , Bart ., and Sir C . Kapier , Kniglit , members for the borough , Iiafl bten written to requesting , them to . attend , butneitlier of them had returned an answer . ( Groans and hisses ) .

      Mr . John AbnoO T saia , ' . that Frost ,. Williams , and Jones liaa been c ' pnvic ' ie ' d for taKing part in the unfortunato outbreak at Newport , iu ' tlie ' year 1889 . At the trial counsel raised a point of law in their favour , and tlie judges seemed to agree that the indictment was not good ; nevertheless , 'by a gross piece of inconsistejicy , they decided that the trial should proceed . Of course they were found guilty . . The raised point of law was again brought forwavd , when the judges came to the marvellous conclusion that yesterday ' and to day was one and the same time , and ordered those " hijchlr moral and strictly virtuous

      patriots for [ execution . . ( Shanie , shame . ) Fortunately this part of the tragedy was not ' carried out , but , instead , they were sentenced . to transportation for life . Messrs . Daniel 6 'Connell and Gray had been liberated from prison , and the Canadian " . rebels , " wiio were taken with arms in their hands , had received a freo pardon ; and he did think that the severe punishment already undergone by those banished men were far more than- commensurate for any crime they might ' liavu committed , and that the time had arrived when ' clemency should be showed them . ''" ( Great eheeting . ) He had inueh pleasure in mbvine ' tti' e following resolution : — ' - ¦);

      "That this meeting arc of opinion that no one should be punished only in accordance with the injury inflicted on society ' ; and are further of opinion that John frost , Zephaniuh' Williams , and William Jones ; have fully atoned , by the punishment they have already received , for the crimeB alleged against them ; and seeing that Gray , O'Connell , and othersiliave been liberated , and the Canadian " rebels" pardoned , do consider that the said exiles should also be restored to theirtomes and families . Resolved , therefore , that this meeting petition the House . of Commons to prosent an address to her Majesty praying for a free pardon to ' the above-named exiles . " ¦ '• : He . Gamble seconded the motion . . : ¦¦¦

      Mb , C . Doim in risinnto support the motion was received with great applause . : He said , the resolution was one embracing suck weighty matters , that even a man who had been much before tbe public could scarce do it justice . The-gentleman ' who had moved it had given the meeting » brief history of the trial and subsequent proceedings . ' Tho counsel employed in their defence were certainly , some of the most eminent men that had at any time adorned the bar , including the present J 3 aron , Sir Frederick 1 ' ollock , and her Majesty ' s present Solicitor . General , Sir Fitzroy Kelly , both of whom were opposed . to those great principles of democracy which he ( Mi . . Doyle ) deemed essential to the political salvation of the masses . ( Loud cheers . ) Yet these men pledged their ffliofessional honour that the . indictment was bad in

      ¦ point of law . : The talent of the advocates , backed by the energies of the-people , had the . effect of saving the victiins' lives ; but they were taken in the dead of thu night , dragged from their beds without being :-allowed to take a last look at their . , wives , - . families ,, and friends , . and banished , to torture , w .-rse than death , in a felon land , ( Grtat s&nsatipti . ) - He would not defend insurrection , but this ho would say , that any man had a right to . take a . barn or other place in which to advocate ' , any political opinions he might hold , and in this opinion ho was borne out by the learned judges who presided at the late Chartist trials . He . deplored the attempt made in 1839 , but vt'liat was done , he had no doubtwas merely the effect of reading English history ... ( Hear , hear . ) . . The-people seeing all their prajers treated with . the utmost contumely , no

      doubt said , we will no . longer parley with : them , but use our sovereign might and -right to achieve our liberties as our . fathers did of ^ old . || ( Tremendous cheering . ) He reiterated hisobjection ; tophysical force ; he wished to see au , holy union of brotliwliiobd established to effect the triumph of liberty , and j only ' -let * the mass of . wealth-producers be thus banded : together , « . and : suchan union mast prove irresistiWe .: SiiiG " a . -. ' 18 i 2 . io ; hody would . be rash enough to charge the great democratic body with being the advocates of violent measures . ' . * He decidedly . concurred with a previous speaker , that more than ample punishment had been administered to meet any offence these unfortunate men might-hare committed , and sure he was , that there was not one friend of humanity , but would agree with him , that these men ought now to be restored to their native laud , their families , and friends .

      ( Loud cheers . ) He had visited Newport ,, and made xt his business to inquire into the character of John Frost ; men ofalishades of politics agreed , that he was a good citizen , a worthy neijhbour , a Uind magistrate , and an excellent mayor ; in a word , a philanthropist . ( Loud cheers . ) TTillians and Jones , although not so widely known , were equally respected in the neighbourhood in which they liad resided . He thought , after the : endurance of six years exile by these patriots , it was high time that tho people should raise their voices for their restoration . He trusted this meeting was only a beginning , and that the excellent example set by the men of Seiners Town would be followed throughout the United Kingdom , Mr . Doyle resumed I 113 seat amid , the loudest flCCUunations of applause . , The resolution was carried unanimously . . ¦ : ¦¦ ;¦; ¦ -. . i iln . Stauwgod read the following petition : — -

      " 'To the Commons of Great JBritain and Ireland in Parlia-¦ ment assembled . ¦ The Petition of the inhabitants of the Parish of St . Pancras , in the Borough of Sfaryltfooue , in Public Meeting in the Yestry-iooni assembled , ' , "Sheweth—That your petitioner ? view with feelings of sorrow and commisseration the long and painful sentence- of transportation inflicted' upon John Frost , Zephaniah Williams , and John Jones , for participating in . an outbreak at Newport , ' in Wales , in November , 18 S 9 . Your petitioners believe that tho time has at length arrired when clemency may be shown to these misguided men without any forfeiture of national justice or national

      interests . ' Tour petitioners have seen with great pleasure that her Majesty ' s Government is favourably disposed to this humane measure , as evinced by the mitigation of the sentence oi banishment passed upon" the Canadian prisoners , taken in-arms in the late insurrection in that country ; they , therefore , pray your Honourble House to present an humble address to her Majesty , praying her to take the case of these men into her consideration ,-and be graciously pleased " to remit tho remainder of their sentence , and thus restore them to their distressed wives and families . And in return for this boon your . petitioners will ever pray . " . -.. ' . ' ;¦ .

      . In moving the adoption of the petition , Mr . Stallwoou recounted the several enthusiastic meetings held ia the parish of St . Pancras for a similar purpose , and was sure this meeting would be characterised by a like unanimity . The petition he had read spoke for itself . It required no help from him to ensure its adoption ; and , knowing so well as he did their humane feeling and devotion on this subject , it would be an insult to their better understanding were he to say more . He should , with great pleasure , move the adoption of the petition . . ( Loud cheers . ) Mr . LtEWEHTif , a compatriot of John Frost , seconded I ' ue motion , and recounted many an interesting scene in the Welsh movement ; and , from a thirteen years' acquaintance with John Frost , spokii highly of his great integrity , humanity , and patriotism . Mr . Lleivellyu was loudly applauded . ^

      Mr . David Ross , of Leeds , T 0 S 9 to support the motion , and met with a most hearty and enthusiastic welcome to London . He said he had entered the metropolis on Sunday , and had heard by accident of this meeting , and thought he should have been highly culpable had he not attended and added his mite of sympathy , to theirs . Tho persecution of these virtuous men had first converted him to democracy . Frost had suffered worse than , death . He had been compelled to herd with thieves and murderers , in a foreign land far avv-ay from home , far from the wife of his bosom , and the children of his affection . None could appreciate the value of their native land so well as the compulsory exile , more especially such a one as John Frost , who strovi to make it " The home f the Briton—the land of the free . " ( Great cheering . ) Surely

      it was high time that mercy interceded . ( Loud cheers . ) But the Government was not to be blamed ; the people , and the people only , were to blame ; had they only exerted themselves as they ought to have done , tnose truly great and good njen would have been restored to their country and friends' long ere this . ( Cheora . ) It was not yet too late , He wais ' proud to see on the platform one whose poesy gave light and life to his dungeon . He had but once before had the pleasure of seeing Hr . Cooper , and tken , ' as the song said , "' Twas in a crowd . " He had , in'conjunction with Mr . Cooper and many others , appeared as a representative of the people in Carpenters ' - hall , Manchester , in time of peril . They separated , Jlr . Cooper to his dungeon , and he ( Mr . Hoss ) to be hunted as a fugitive through the land ; but now both were here , and the cause still progressing , a

      proof" Thatfreeedom ' s battle onee begun , ¦ Bequeathed by bleeding sire to son , : Though baffled oft is ever won , " —( Loud cheers . ) The petition was unanimously adopted amidst loud hpplause . '" ¦ - . '¦ Mr . Fabbeb nad much pleasure in moving the subjoined resolution , and hoped the members o £ the present committee would not be scared from their purpose by police spies as former committees had been , but stick to their purpose until their object was effscted . Without doubt Mr . Ellis had been treated , with indescribable base ness .

      " That this meeting are of opinion that Wm . Shorraf Ellis was innocent of « w crime with which . he \ ra . * charged , and that his conviction was based ou qvidence procured at tho expense of honour and conscience ; under these circumstances this meeting therefore resolve to petition the House of Commons to cause an address to be presented to h « r Majesty , praying the exercise of the Koyal clemency for the , restoration of the said Wm alierrat ^ Uu to Uis country and disconsolate fumily . " - unSS ^ ' ° Udea ^ m 0 ti 0 B ' which -as carried

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      • n ' * " * 184 ^ a » y additional light upon the subject hiT ^^ umbleto ddabr ^ * - - : te * " The Coroner having summed up ,- the urv »« i . terdict-of .. ' ? accidental qWli . ? " _ ¦ ) Uiyretl «^ ,

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      New Am Churn . —The Bisliop of Den-y h " - " vented an ntmosplieric churn . Instead of thn * ' sent unscientific mode of making butter by cW ^* his lordship accomplishes this measure buiio- ? " *» lar manner of forcing a full current of . ntnio ^ l *"' air through the cream , by means of wellX ? - " ' forcing-pump / Tho air passes through a glassi * . ^ connected with the air-pump , doscending neiiff the bottom of the churn . The churn i s of " h , J to it fits into another tin cylinder provided with \ ? * nel and stop-cock , so as to heat the cream to <\ 1 "" " savy temperature . The pump is worked by S ? " o a wine ]) , wLich is not so laborious as the I ? " ?

      PosT-orncE Regulatiox with Refehexcj the Transmission op Newspapers . —ConsitletM ! misapprehension has for some time existed with re " enco to the following point in the practice Of ti ' Post-oiKce—the right of newsvendors , anil the nnl r generally , to write the name of the Bender urn initials of such party , in addition to the addre « ? the person to whom such newspaper is intended t be delivered . It has been , at length , officiall y deciiini that newsvendors may havo their uftmes aud acurj printed on tlie covers of newspapers , but thev •*» not permitted to write , them . e Detection or a MuRBEUEn . —Some months sin ™ we published in this journal the details of a hoSS and deliberate murder , perpetrated at Clareniorrhi in the county of Mayo , by a man named G'Domie ? upon a person named Mannion , a cousin of the mi > * dcrer . O'Poiinell , who escaped at the time , has sin ' p been captured in America .

      SKnucnos asd Masslatohter . —Last week an in . quest was liekl at Liverpool , on the bod y of fi m * named John Rateliffe , who was killed by Vrilliam CJiarnock . Ratclin ' e had seduced Char-nock ' s daiijli . ter , who had borne him a child . Jn spite of warniuog to the contrary , Katclifte pereisted in visiting tlTo dflUfihter at hor father ' s hoiise . In his last visit , the father ordered the deceased to leave the houtc ; he refused , a struggle ensued , and the father struck the deceased down with a poker , from the effects of which violence llatcliffe died . Tho jury returned a verdict of manslaughter , and Charnoek was committed for ivial . ¦' . .. =

      Discovery ot a xew DiAiiosD Mise in Brasii ,. ^ . Ah : immense diamond mine was discovered in Uic province of Bahia , in October , 1814 , by a slave , who in twenty days had gathered 700 carats of diamonds and carried them a considerable distance for sale ! Arrested and imprisoned , tbe slave obstinately yq ' . fused to . disclose the locus in quo . They therefore Jefc him loose , and put a number of intellige nt Indiaus upon his "trail . " Tlie latter pursued him for several days , and found him working for the extraction of tbe diainends not far from Caxoeira , 'the second citv of Bahia . Investigations were then made on a lar ^ ' e scale along a chain of ineiintains called the Sincura which have given the name to this mine . The p-ol duce is _ immense . ' The works already cover a superices of inure than thirty leagues !

      Death amongst tue Amsiockact . —Lord Hart . land died on Tuesday the 11 th inst ., at Stokes-tawn ! house , county Rosconnuon , Ireland . The deceased leaves no issue ; the title is now extinct , 'flic ll !« ht lion . Wm . Dumbs died at Quarry House , ) us r ^ j . dence at St . Leonards-on-Sea , ou Friday , Nov . utV Re was second son of the Right Honourable Robert Duudas , Lord Chief Baron of the Court of Ex' -kc . quer in Scotland . He huld , at his death , the ' oSte of Lord Clerk Register , Keeper ef the Signet , aui

      Kepister ot basmes , m Scotland . He received a sum little short of £ 4 , 000 annually iVom the public pii ^ e , Tlie Earl of Veriilam died on Tuesday niorniu « last at Gorliambury , the ancient family scat , neat St ! Alban ' s , Herts . The deceased was in his fist year ' His sou , Viscount"Crimston , AI . P ., succeeds to tho title . The Dowager Lady llollaud died on 'I ' uesday morning last , at her residence in South-street . Viscountess Canterbury died on Monday last at Clifton Wells . Her husband died only in July last .

      Dreadful Accident . —As a miner , of the name of John Itae , was ascending from his work on Thur .-tlav 6 th current , up tho No . S pit . Wishaw Colliery , n ' cac Glasgow , through some cause the machinery ' ran at such a velocity that the unfortunate man ' s biains were smashed to pieces in coming up tho pit . Rao las left a widow and two children to deplore his OSS .

      Untitled Article

      BANKRUPTS . ( From Tuesday's Gazette , Kovember IS , 1 S 46 J John Sculthorpe , of Brick-hill-hne , Upper Tham « . street , colounnan—William Yicliers , kite of 12 , Mooigato . street , but now of 4 , Gurtcr . street , Walworth-roail , bill broker—Jauies Crane , of 11 , Crooked-lane , City , ami late of Stamford-bridge , Fuliiain , maltster—William Absalom Darry , of 3 , Chni'los-sU'eet , Westbournc-terrace , VsidiViag . ton , ' builder—Konjamiu Purnell , lute of Rupiivt-stveat , Whitechapel , ami now of Neiv-street , Stcnucy , dealer in

      vinegar—John Loveirruve , of 57 , Kothcrliitiiu-street , Kotherliiihe , barge buiiiltv—TUoiv . as VTilkinson , of 7 " , Q \ ia \ irant , llcgent-street , and 9 , Uathui'it-plaec . Susscx-s ( iuave , ironmonger—Dcnjumin Wiule , of 111 , Strand , tailor—Hugh Viiishc Price , of Holyweu , Flintshire , linen Qraptr—Samuel Abhott , of Xether Stowey , Somersetshire , linen draper—Thomas 15-uiley , of Bristol , builder—Thomas Simpson , of Stourariclgc , Yrori-esterahirc , livery stablokeeiier—William Ashton , of Piekcrinjf , Yorkshire , sMi'it merehnnt—Chaunccy Kuhhins anil William Smith Jfartin , of JJirniiiiRham , merchants—John Ownsworth Harvey , of iS ewarlc , Nottiagliamshirc , grocer .

      DXVIDESDS DECLAERD . John and William Herring , of Newcastle-upon-Tyne , timber inerclmnts , - secind anil final dividend of iid in the pound , imyahle nt 57 , Grey-street , Newcastie-upoa-Tiiic , any Saturday . , Martha Oheethnju and William Clioettiaffl , of llanrfister , piece dyers , first dividend of 6 s Gd in the pound , payable at 72 , George-street , JIancliester , nny Tuesday . John lowthin and Richard Jackson Urhiley , of Ncw . castle-upon-Tyne , printers , iirst dividend of 12 s in the pound , payable nt 111 , Pilgrim-street , Xowcastle-upon-Tyne , any Saturday . Denjiimin Co ! ien , of Bishopswsarmouth , hawker , fi « t and final dividend of 8 d in the pound , payable at 111 , Pilgrim-street , Xcwcastle-iiiion-lyue . any Saturday .

      BIYIDfiNDS to BS DECLARED , At the Court of Sanhvplej / , London . . Theodore Lockhart and Charles Loclchart , 150 , Chcnpskle , ami Fulhnm , UicMlestx , florists , December 2 , at vine —David Low , of Adam's-court , Old Broad-strect , City , merchant , December 9 , at half-past one—Joseph Wilson , of 111 , Jermyn-street , St . James ' s , boot maker , December 0 , at one—John Knowks , llenvy KodwuU , George HussaU Parker , and John Thomas King , of Throgmortou-siicet , City , silk brokers , December 9 , at half-past one .

      In the Country . John Law and Eli Hudson , of iianisdemvootl , Lanes * shire , cotton spinners , December 12 , at twelve , at tiie Court of Bankruptcy , Manchester—John Backhouse , « Liverpool , merchant , December 10 , at twelve , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Liverpool—Robert Edwards , of Abtrdovey , Merionethshire , draper , December lo , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Liverpool—John ililne , of Liverpool , painter , December 10 , at twelve , at tlie Cuurt of Bankruptcy , Liverpool—John Britain , sen ., of BinmnS ' ham , jeweller , December 12 , at twelve , " at the Court ct Bankruptcy , Hivmbgham — Joseph Ashbarrj " , ef Hoto

      Lacy , Herefordshire , farmer , December 10 , at eleven , a * the Ctuvt of Bankruptcy , Birmingham-William ljuttenll , of Slieffiuld , gi-ocer , December lti , at eleven , at the Cum t of Bankruptcy , Leeds—Fenwick Loraine , of Stweastlcupon-Tyne , bookseller , December 11 , 4 t two , at tlie Court of Bankruptcy , Sewcastle-upon-Tyne—Peter Hansen , ot Newcestle-upon-Tyne , merchant , December 11 , at one , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Ncwcastle-unon-Tyne—Jusci * Jobling Ay ton , of South Shields , linen draper , December 11 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Xewcastle-upon . Tyne—William Broomhcatl , of Birmingliani and SheliioW » merchant , December 11 , at eleven , at the Court of Banl > ruptcy , Birniin- 'luim .

      CemuicAIEs to be grantea , unless cause be shown to the contrary on the dav of meeting . John Lambert , of New Elvet , " Durham , grocer , December 9—Christopher Waktfield , late ot Hamilton Wick , victualler , December 11—John Hill , of Hammersmith , victualler , Dcccmbur 9—Peter Hanson , ' of Jfewcastk-upoii * Tyno , merchant , DeucmberD—James Tliompson aiulJonn Thompson , } of Leeds , stockbrokers , December 10—Jono Wild , of Bristol , glazier , December y—William Lawton Hall , of Liverpool , victualler , December 9—George S . ow Baron , of Plymouth , inoiu < j- scrivener , December U- > Jolin Dawson , of Spotland iind Jlanclioster , calico pwiuer ,

      December 11—Jolui Adamson , of Stockport , grocer December 13—George Frederick Stanley Isherwooo , oi Hulme , Lancashire , engraver , Deeember " l 3—Henry Kose , of Blackburn , Lancashire , drvsaltur , Deeembei' 13 . Certifkates to l ) c grai ) tcd-by tlie Court of Review , unless cause bu shown to tho contrary , on or before December * . Henry Kohne , of La-vvreuce Pountney-lane , City , aw , Dorchester-place , New North-road , wholesale stay manufacturer—Joseph Thorn , of New Brentford nnA &ri !; lt Enlinjj . paperhanger . -Johu Londe , Tabbcijucr , of » fniliigham , auctioneer—Charles Killings , of fMa ndiester , cotton manufacturer —William Best ^ of 8 ou tlmmpton , piiutcc—John Shorland , of Bristol , grocer .

      PAXTXBK » HIM DISSOL- »» . , Isaac Green and Henry Green , of Bulifax , wool st ! ip lers —Joseph Lindon , Joseph White Lindon , and Xlionu * Angell Lindon , of Plymouth , merehsmte , ao far ¦ a&vexarus Joseph White Liudonj-Thomas Frederick Clay j | Samuel Beetie Cator Barrett , of 17 G ; Sloane-3 treet , Gn « - » ea , surgeons—AVilliam Wreford Edwin Cox SicipUs , aiid William 3 JUicom >) e Wreford , of Bristol , stock bwsef 3 —Thomas Kenworthy Rowbothaai , Hcnrj Bowbotbanl , and llohert Johnsoi » .-Kenworth > \ of ! Manehester , anil oi Brinks way , Cheshire , bleachers feo far as regards f hoinss Keiwovtby Kowbolbam—J . Bloor and K . Archer KacKett , of Tutbury , Stafiwnfchire , farmers-John AtldnsoaHareii ton and KobertStansfidd RoysU , of . 24 , Penton-row . " aiworth , bookseUers-Henrv Loais . Wiuto ? and John Uuiitt

      Gvaro ^ sn , &i 21 , Sew ftorth-street ,. proprietors oUUQ North-grcen-Saw-mills—Joha Brodrid £ > jun ., ^"" \" P * Clarke of Kingston-upon-Hull , wine mercbants- JouJ RiSsdflle , Arthui- "Hirst , ani Charles Edward Bidsdiue , on Mftncliest . ey , stook hrokei « -John Clarke and « {„ € art 8 V Bennett , of Long Sutton , Lincolnshire , J 5 A . agricultural iaiplements — Frederick Mackie , Ar 'l " Mackie , and John WiUiain ' Bwinjj , " of Lakeiiham , *^ vnicKmnscrymen—E . TV . l ? evnie awl Company , * . / . Williams , jun ., and Brothers , Manganese merelm '" ° far as regards the fisMn of B . W . Ferine and Coi « P "J ' ' ^ William Masters Ceilings and Anthony John Essery , n Jicwpovl , Monmcvathshive , painters—Jane Hous'lton , ' . Emma Owen , Of Gatterall , Lancashire , provision " »»" -Francis Morris nnd Thomas Morris , of Cambewen road , Suvwy , the Old Swan , London-bridge , and V Th'Am « & stuwtj . « b . avung « rs .

      Untitled Article

      THE rOTATOE DISEASE . [ From the Liverpool Times of Tuesday . ] This destructive malady still continues to rage in all parts of the three lungdoms , and daily to sweep away , large quaatities of the foed of tue poor . In this part of the country it is as bad as erer , and on the eastern side of the island it is so intense , that whole cargoes of potatoes , shipped in the Humber for London . dunps the last week , which were apparently iu good condition , have heea found to be decayed before half the Yoyage was accomplished , and hare been brought back to Hull as worthless . Many of the accoants from Ireland are quite unfavourable as these ; and , notwithstanding the bold assertions oi persons who are afraid to face the truth , there is no doubt that , great as the evil now is , it is becoming greater every day . Even in these few

      cases m which the potatoes were quite sound when they were got up , and in the atiUfewer ones in which they have been kept sound by the only effectual method , that is , by causiHg abundance of fresh air to circulate through , them in the heap , they will not Dear the usual treatment . The cargoes brought baclc to Hull on Thursday last , were quite sound when shipped , and nnder ordinary circumstances would nave reached London just as sound , but like all the potatoes of the present year , they had much more t « an the usual quantity ofmaisture . andmuchles * than tho usual quantity of alluvia , and the consequence was , that they heated and decayed alter a few hours confinement in the hold of the ship . This shows that the best potatoes are unusually tender this year , and that the slightest relaxation of care in keeping thera is fatal to them . Under theso circumstances itis absurd to expect that the malady wiilcease . ,-.. / .. '"'

      Untitled Article

      ^! 5 ^ fTHfflEPORrOi- '' TflE i . lRISH ^^ ^ HWcOMArlSSipiiERS / !^ , rsm ^^^^^ 6 ^^ - ^^ - ^ ^ ^ JJ ^ SSSS ^ S ^ -Btoiw-r * five ietionof turf , and in our fist report gave some ' ;? Wtons fer its use , since which time we have re-: ' ¦ ¦ ' Sd accounts of its decisire utility h , manj ' cases . We bad also obtained very distinct evidence that vr tret bos land thedisease waa in reality nulder andless extensive than in dryer aud more fertile soils . Upon these grounds we proceeded to institute " experiments on the action of bog water on diseased potatoes : and

      we find that certainly , -wnen immersed therein , the disease appears to be arrested , and tho substacce of { he potatoe does not appear in any way to suffer . " Oar trials having been made in Dublin , and but on a small scale , and also the pressure of circumstances forcing us to make known every plan likely to prove useful "without lpss of time , we ^ o not wish to hare this notice considered as decisively stating thai steening in bog-water will stop the progress of the disease ; bat we consider it highly impqrtan ; that the plan should be tried by persons residing iu beg districts , where circumstances render a possible failnrein a certain quantity an object of no importance . * ' Robert Kake . 11 John Lisdlet . "LrOsPiATTJlR . "

      Untitled Article

      Ixcexdiabt Fiue . —On Sunday night last , a lone barn , containing a quantity of barley and oats , in the occupation of Mr . Scroggs , of Houghton Regis , near Dunstable , was discovered to he on fire between eleven and twelve o ' clock , and its contents , together with a hovel adjoining , were entirely consumed . It is supposed to hare been the vile act of an incendiary . The same night , three ploughs , tuc property of Mr . Cook , of Houghton Regis , were broken in such a manner as to be rendered totally useless . ^—Aylesbwy Sews . - - - '"¦•*

      Another "Windsor Election . —The rutaour which has been current at Windsor for some days past that Mr . Neville was about to receive a government appointment , which' ¦ would necessarily compel him tivacate his seat for the bo : ougli , has resolved itself Ii » a more definite shape ; the report now being , , thai Mr . Seville is to have a commissionership ( said to bt of customs ) to which a salary is attached of £ 1 , 200 ayear ; In that event another election for the borough would not befar distant , ,

      Untitled Article

      ^ Mr i * TH . « MAs CooreB , r" ? utlior of "The Purgatory of Suiciaes , * rose , loudly ^ applauded , and read the following ^ tiotfSSSK ^ CiSVH ^^ i ' To rt « Sonourdile the Commons of Great , Britain and Ire" . "' la ^ ' i » PdtUamint ' Ms ^^ id , ^ J ^ Ji ^ mW Pfti { io ] t of ' : " . ; $#$ !}! $ tyMt of $ tfyi \ W $ * > ~ h theSoroiighdj' Mary . Ubtaie , inpi&Uvmeeting in the-Yestry-rcom assembled , . " Sheweth—That your petitioners are deeply impressed with , the conviction that ' Vftlliam Ellis , atpresimt a transport in Van Dieman ' * Land , ¦ for the alleged crime of aiding and abutting the burning of . the Her . W .- Aitkun ' s house , at Hanley , iu the Stafibrdshire ; . Potterieg , on the night of the loth of August , 1842 , is entirely innocent of the said crime . ' .

      " That your Petitioners have learned from evidence , which they helieve to be . worthy o £ entire credibility , that the said William Ellis , was , at all times , opposed to tIoleiice and disorder , and was distinguished for the unswerving honesty and uprightness of his life ; and that the said William Ellis most solemnly denied nil participation in the crime laid to his charge , and for which ho was sentenced to lwenty . onc years' transportation . " That your petitioners entreat your Honourable House to weigh in your minds the important facts that an alibi , comprising the evidence of several highly credible witnesses , was produced for the said William Ellis at his

      trial ; and that tho evidence against the said William Ellis depended on one witness only , who first stated that he saw , at the fires , a tall figure with its hack towards him , and that he afterwards saw only the side face hlacked , of the said figure , and yet could swear it was William Ellis . That your petitioners , depending : on the high sense of justice which ought to churactei'igu the English mind of jour . Honourable House , entreat you to review the circumstances now severally brought before your consideration , and to rccconiinend to Her Most Gracious Majesty , the Queen , the immediate full atld free pardsn Of the said William £ ) lis , and your petitioners will ever prav . "

      Mr . CooPElt said—bearing in mind , night and day , his solemn pledge to poor Ellis in the dungeon , lie had incessantly laboured , privately , to secure interest for that [ injured and innocent man ' s restoration to his native land . Yet he ' thought he had . a right to complain of the indolent neglect shown by the Exiles -Restoration Committee . He , > yns told they had called tlie . meeting now held : he conld only say . they had not called it before tho proper time . It was necessary for some one to speak out . ' . He had often purposed to try and get up a meeting of this kind in London ; ¦ but it so happened that the . god-like cause of froedom was disgraced by the evil partisanship of petty spirits , who were ever ready to calumniate men for OVur-busyiug themselves , and so his tfi' orts had been eonfined to .. privacy , with the exception of starting two

      benevolent tunds for the relief of sufferers , at home . He would tell that meeting , however , that he had laboured in . this great cause privately . On account of having published a book ha had been gent for by certain great people ; but whoever sent for Thomas Cooper , the Chartist , always heard something about Chartism , much about the injured Ellis , and still more about the wrongs and sufferings Of working men throughout this country . ( Cheers . ) He did not hold himself at liberty to mention names , generally , but the name of one npblejiearted and nobleminded , as well as titled lady , he would mention it was the . Count ss of Blessington , ( Cheers . ) That lady listened , not only with patiunt attention to a description of tlie wrongs of Ellis , aud of the sufferings of working men , and the injustice and oppressions

      practised upon them , but her tine countenance evinced : a deep sympathy with what she heard , aud her eloquent tongue gave utterance to the indignation she felt for , the tyrants and oppressors . "I know that we have bad laws , " was her language , " and I have long 9 aid that they who labour for all we enjoy are unju&tly and ungratefully used . Nothing-fills we with greater abhorrence than the New Pcott-hW ; audit is my daily wonOer that , such a law remains unaltered . Wherever I go I state this openly and unflinchingly ; iind : you may depend upon it , Ifr . Cooper , that I shall take care to spread , in my own circle , the truthful and distressing details you have . given me this morning . " Mr . . € . then related the account he had given to the countess of the fraud practised on . the Duke of Rutland , when he went to view the union-house , or

      " bastile , " at Melton ilowbray ,, ia Leicestershire . The grim pvison-liouso was '' got up , " -to use a milliner ' s > hrusc , to receive his grace . It wa 3 arrayed in such . . " apple-pie order , " that the duke proclaimed himself surprised and delighted ' with it . Thus , these horrid dens were displayed in such a state as to deceive . influential visitors . The dreadful misery they contained was concealed ,. and a false and pernicious impression raised , in their favour .: The duke had gone to visit the place , in consequence of a conversation with his generous-mindedi relative , Lord John Manners , Who was Well known . to . be most energetically opposed to that hateful law : but though he went there haltdisposed to believe that Lord John Manners was righthe was so completely duped by the vilain-showmen of the

      Melton bastile , that he declared , on his return to Bi-lvoir Castle , he was satisfied with his first convictions , and he would not join his relative in opposing the Kew Poor La \ r . Lady B . would , no doubt , take cave to spread that fact ; and it was one that he ( Mr . C . ) could easily substantiate . ( Cheers . ) Mr . C . then made a few brief observations on the petition for the recall of Frost , Williams ,-and Jones , which had been already adopted by the meeting . He was glad , lie said , that it Had baen worded in . sueh a way as to take away ofiunce : none of the middle clinses could refuse to sign it , because of what they might have termed "inflammatory language : " it was so worded , that even the members of the so-culled " People ' s House" might tako out their quizzing-glasses and scan it through , and yet be compelled to pronounce

      it respectful : " they could have no excuse for not receiving it—no pretence for rejecting it—on account oi any offensive phraseology , In the same spirit , aud with the same impressions as those which had evidently guided the framers of that petition , he had drawn up the petition , for poor Ellis ' s recal . ( Hear . ) ¦; True , if he had to choose the way of proceeding in this business , without regard to the prejudices and hostile feelings of influential parties , it would not be iu the language of humanity , that he would approach them , ne would be bold to proclaim either there , or at the bar of what was called "justice , " or on the scaffold itself , thatifHampden were justifiable ; if that great patriot ought to have a column raised to his memory on Chalgrove-field , and they had raised one ;—if he ought to have a statue in the

      new Houses of Parliament , —and Prince- 'Albert * and-the . rest of tho committee had - decreed that he was to have one;—then was . John frost justifiable , —then ought he to have a column at Newport , —then ought he to have a statue in the People's House —( cheers , )—and when that house 'truly became the people ' s he would have one , ( Cheers . ) Noble as Hampden ' s struggle was , it was less noble than Frost ' s—if the purpose that moved the breasts of either were considered . Jlumpden '" drew the sword and threw away tlie scabbard" to overthrew high tyranny iu government and religion , —but his mind , large and comprehensive as it was , did not design the enfranchisement of every Englhhman arrived at the age of manhood : he was not filled , like generous Frost , with the wish to see every toiling son of iabour exereisingthc rights

      and possessing the substance of the rights of a rentable frets-man . ( Much cheering . ) Passing the strict truth of the case by , hswever , iu order that our combat with prejudice might not injure still more deeply , the suffering Exiles , these petitions had been worded in such a tone as to avoid offence ; and he was sure , from the feeling now evinced , they could , ' each and all , have but one wish , namely , that the petitions might speedily succeed . Jlr . C . then entered into a feeling recital of William Ellis's case , especially pointing out tho facts that Ellis hisiself most solemnly denied the crime alleged against him ; tliat . au alibi wa ' s produced at his trial , proving that he was at home and . iu his bed at the hours WheuAitken ' s house was on fire aiid ^ h aVhis conviction depended on but one witness who first said he saw the

      baek of a tall figure at the fire , and , then , for a few moments , 3 aw its side-face , Hacked , and yet could swear it was Ellis . Great indignation was expressed by tlie meeting as Mr . C . recited these facts ; and , after making an earnest nppeal on behalf of poor Bllis ' s wife and three children , who have been driven to seek relief from the parish authorities , Mr ; & concluded by holding up to the imitation of all present , the example of toiling putriots in all uges . They had been maligned , persecuted , chained , exiled , or martyred , but their spirits were unbroken , and their struggle had not been in vain . "Whenever one of these great and good beings had stept forth to holdup the lamp of truth , he was assailed , seized , and perhaps dragged down into the mire ; ¦ but so « a-another was found to take up the lamp , as it lay flickering , and to-fiold

      it up again . "See , " cried the minions of tyranny , " that fellow is now flashing the lamp in the people ' s eyei —they win Boon bo too m » nyfor us—seize him!—down with him ! " And no sooner was he seized , and the lamp thrown down again into the mire , than another high and " enerous spirit viewed it , and jaid " That is truth !""Do not say so , " whispered the tyrants , fawning round the new advocate ! "Say that Otis is truth ! " " 1 will not ! " cried out this new bold spirit ; "what you call tvutU is a lie , and I will proclaim it to the death ! " and again he rushed forward and plucked the lamp from the mire , and flashed it again upon the multitude , till they began to feel its glorious spirituality Of light , Aye , spirituality ! for there was no cant , no that word such

      priestly mockery in employing on a theme ! The light of truth was so veritably spiritual that it ' could penetrate the head and the heart , and vivify both And that lamp had never been extinguished . No ! it wi ' s « ven now being lifted up and flashed in the eyes of the multitude , and they were receiving and welcoming its lkht—and tyrants were trembling , " thrones , and dominions and powers" were -quaking , and dreading the mlKktr result . " Try to hold up the lamp ! " concluded he speaker j "ligbtyour lesser lamps at the pure beam spread tho effulgence on every hand , fall every child ot man catches the renewing influence , and at length the united human ftmUj- * band of brothers-together tub to swell the choral shout on every shore , and from sea to skv- 'Liberty , liberty , liberty !'" ( Prolonged and renewed cheering followed this thrilling peroration . )

      The petition was then put , and adopted unanimously . Tbe petitions were ordered to lie at . cdnvenient places in tho parish during the ensuing two monthi for signatures , then to be placed in the hands of T . 8 . Duucou . be , M . P . y ^ rSSs ^™* moved , that , the best thanks of thismeS' are due , and Hereby given to , the vestrymen f SSh , for the handsome manner m winch th y granted the use of the rooms on tins occasion . The motion was seconded and carried by acclamation . \ A vote of thanks was then given to the chairman , ana the densely crowded meeting departed , hig hly gratified with the good feeling exhibited for the exiled patriots .

      Untitled Article

      DREADFUL FIRE AND LOSS OF TWO LIVES . .. . On Sunday morning , shortly . a-before .. one o ' clock a firo / attenda ^ and interesting building'j £ iiovvn , as the Baths of St . Agnes le Clair , famed , for many , years for medicinal virtues said to characterise the waters . The fire was . firat ' . discbf&ifcd . by polici-oonstablo Dearmau , 162 G-, burning . * in » theJo \ Tcr . part of the front dwelling attached to th « , baths , in the occupancy of Mrs . Moore , and which : are situate in Tai-crnacle-squarc , Sliorediicli ,. near to . the junction of the Old-street-road and- PUBeM-street , The premises were built many years since , and were full of timber . They possessed a considerable frontage , great depth , and the house consisted of not less than twelve or fourteen rooms . The communication

      between this and the adjoining buildings was very slight , the only protection being a thin wainscoting of wood , which aided tho progress of the destructive element from north to south , and from east to west . . It was not without considerable trouble that the constable succeeded in arousing the inmates , not less than ten of whom were asleep in the building at the time , and they were rescued with great difficulty from the flames . One of the youns Mr . Moores was saved by police-constable , Poller , 214 ; G , who courageously niountcd a ladder , and , taking tho young man upon Ills back , brought liiin down and lodged him in a neighbouring house . The poor fellow appeared to be nearly suffocated , and his face wag severely burned , the eyebrows and hair of the head being muebsinged .

      A brother of his , fearing to perish in the fiiltnes , j limped from the window oi' the second floor , and fell with fearful violence upon the edge of a water-butt in the yard , by which he wassevereJy cut about theliead and face , and his back considerably contused . He Was picked U » by the constable l ^ S G , who took off his great coatto cover the naked and wounded man , and conveyed him to the house of Mr . G . Titterton , a licensed victualler , in the Old-street-road , who rcceived the sufferer , and sent for medical assistance Several other persons escaped , by ' jumping out of the windows , and some of them were considerably injured . Mr . Charles Moore , who escaped in this manner , was so . seriously injured that he still lies in a very precarious state .

      While these efforts were being made te Bare the lives of the inmates , the flames progressed with frightful rapidity , mouuting from thelower to the upper floors . . Messengers were dispatched to the several engine-stations , and in a brief space the Whitecross-strset , Jeffry-square , and Watling-street engines of the brigade , under tlie superintendence of Mr , Braidweod , and the direction of Mr . Crockland : the parish engine of Shoreditch , and the "West of Engl . iiid , with Mr . Connortpn arid the company ' s firemen , arrived at the scene . 'The fire-plugs were immediately drawn , and copious streams of water were directed upon the fire , but it was quite clear that all attempts to save the dwellings in front of the baths must prove fruitless . The attention . of the

      firemen was consequently directed to the critical state of the adjoining property , and extraordinary exertions were made to confine the fire to the area in which it was then burning , and especially to prevent its extension to the spirit stores of the Angel and Grown , jn the occupation of Miy Gurney . This was happily effected by the judicious conduct of Mr . Braidwood , who , perceiving the pvpfress the fire was making in that quarter , ordered is men to tear down part of the pannelling and carry the branch of one of tlie engines into the bar , for the purpose of keeping down the flames : This had the desired effect ; for although the flame was so strong that it penetrated'through ' the partition and burned the paper off tho ceiling of the bar , it was staved from in-oceediriff further . Shortly after this .

      the fkmeslumng reached the roof , a heavy mass of tiles , it fell in , and at that moment the fire exhibited a brilliant and striking'appearance , The attention of the firemen was then especially directed to the rear of the building , and there the West'of England and Brigade engines rendered efficient service—the baths being saved from utter destruction by the united efforts of the firemen belonging to both . At the rear of the Angel and Crown the flames committed great havoc , the side front being much damaged , the roof of the -spirit-room- being partly burned off , and the back of : the building seriously injured . On the north side , the premises in the occupation of Mr . Peel , coffee-house keeper , and those of Mr . George Beeson , potatoe dealer , numbered two

      and three , in Tabernacle-square , arc seriously damaged by fire and water , and the contents by removal , during the excitement which prevailed when the fire was at its height . Upon making inquiries at this juncture as to the fate of the inmates , it was ascertained that two of them , a mother and her child , were . missing . The feeling of sympathy which prevailed at the time this appalling fact became known was most intense , and the utmost efforts of the bystanders were put into requisition to trace the missing parties , tip to half-past fire o ' clock no tidings were heard of either of them , and shortly before six the body of Mrs . C . Moore was found by one of the firemen who was engaged in exploring the ruins . The poor creature was stretched

      upon one of the ratters on the second floor , her head and arms hanging over a charred beam , as though she had fallen in attempting to escape . The body was most frightfully burned , one of the feet being quite consumed , and the whole oi' the breast and baek being completely calcined . Samuel Girard and Edwin Perrier , two of the brigade , assisted by the West of England firemen , took steps for the removal of the remains , and a sliell having been subsequently procured , the body was conveyed to the workhouse of Shoreditch . Shortly before eight o ' clock one of the firemen discovered the bedy- of a youth , shockingjv

      burned , lying upon the -wreck of a bedstead , on a portion of the floor which still continued standing . He was quite dead , and much disfigured , Blankets were procured , and the body wrapped in them , and another shell being obtained , the poor lad , whose name is George Hall , son of the unfortunate woman who slept in the same room , was conveyed to " tho same place where his mother ' s remains " await the inquiry of a coroner ' s jury . ilow the fire originated is at present a mystery . It is , ' however , supposed by Airs . " Moore to have beon caused by some embers froni cigars , as there had been parties smoking in the coffee-rooms the previous

      evening . The following is a copy of the official report of the damage . " . '; .: ' Nov . 10 , 1 S 45 , 12 . 3 O . A . M . ~ Fire at the Agnes le Clair swimming baths , 3 , Tabcrnaclc-squarc , occupied by Mrs . R . M . Moore . Cause unknown . Nearly tlie whole of tlie front dwelling-house is consumed , as well as the contents therein ; the roofs of the baths at the back damaged by fire and water . Engines that attended—Three of the Brigade ; the West of England , one ; and another from Shoreditch parish . Building insured in . the Royal Exchange . The contents not known if insured . No . 3 . —Charles Peel , coffee-house keeper ( adjoining ); house gutted , and the whole ' of the contents of a 1 or 8 roomed house destroyed . Insured in the Phesnix and Koyal Exchange offices .

      The Angel and Crown , Mr . II . Gurney , victualler . Side front considerably damaged , part of roof off the spirit room , bar and back parlour materially injured by fire and water . Insured in the Sun and Phoenix offices . No : 2 . Tabernacle-square . —Mr . George I 3 eson , potatoe-dealer . Building severely injui ed . Insured in the Royal Exchange office .

      IKQUEST ON THE BODIES . On Tuesday Mr . William Baker , coroner for the eastern division of Middlesex , held an inquest at the Black Hovse , Kingsland-road , on the bodies of Sarah Moore , aged 42 , and George Hall , aged 11 , the unfortunate individuals who perished in the above fire . The jury having been sworn , and a foreman chosen , they proceeded , accompanied by the coroner , to Shoreditch Workhoube , for the purpose o : viewing the bodies . Upon their return to the inquestroom , the following evidence was taken : — ¦

      Mr . Richard M . Moore said that he was the proprietor of the St . Agnes Lc Clair swimming-baths , in Tabernacle-square , Finsbury . The deceased , Sarah Moore , was the wife of- Charles Moore , an assistant at the baths . On themorning of Sunday last , about a quarter before one o ' clock , he was awakened by his brother Frederick , who told witness that ho thought the place was on fire . He then ran down the stairs and traced the smoke to the parlour , and upon opening the door smoke rushed out , but he could not see any fire . "Witness told his brother to go down into the kitchen and procure a pan of water , which he did , and which ho threw in the direction the sniokc arose from . Witness afterwards escaped upstah'S , and was found nearly suffocated upon the roof of the

      cold bath , and was rescued by a policeman . The kitchen adjoins tlie parlour . Mr ; Charles Moore , life wife , the deceased George Hall , slept in the same room . They were all alarmed ; but Mrs . C . Moore and her son were unable to escape , and they were burnt in the building . He could not tell how the fire originated . It was not from gass . The baths were lighted only by oil and candles . There was no combustible material in the parlour except the furniture . Witness was in tho parlour about eleven o ' clock , and turned the oil-lamp out , but left another burning in the passage . There was a repert that the fire arose from cigar smoking , but ho was positive that it did not arise from that eause . The baths had been insured for tho last ten years and upwards in the Royal Exchange Fire-office .

      By the Coroner : I had not smelt fire during the prerious' evening . ^ ' ;' ¦ ' ¦ ¦ ¦ „ By a juror : The smoking and bagatelle room was at the baek of the building , in a different part to where the fire commenced ; Mr . Frederick Augustus Moore gave similar testimony . - : . .... William Deoman , police constable 162 G . deposed to having discovered and having aroused * ho inmates of the house . Witness had no reason to believe tha , t the fire had aiisen . fvoja any other cause than it fie

      A question having amen-as to the identity / of ttie bodies , the Coroner inquired ot Mr . Charley 4 oorc if he bad any doubt as to whether the .. « ww S ? Icw those of hu wife nrd child ; he having w ^ we rod in thenegative , the Coroner asked Wm if ierjSSS

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  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 22, 1845, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1342/page/6/