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Northern Star (1837-1852), 11th October 1845, Edition 1 of 4, Page 4

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    • THE JNOKTHEEN STAR. SATUUDAY, OCTOBER 11, 1845.
  • Adverts (15)
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      f r * eE £ d with F « it Trees and Veget ables , . nd l tTspring of excellent Water running thrown it . ££ rito ii WtW . ™* * " dose probity to the Sro renders a ready sale for the produce certain ¦ With or without the above , may be bad an eligible and * uilably famished Dwelling-house , contiguous thereto , vjxtoer particulars may be obtained on application to Vr . William Young , Niagara Cottage , Larkhall , Bath .

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      TO TAILORS . Jost published , LOJIDON and PARIS FASHIONS for the Autumn and Winter , 1815 , by T . GOOD , 6 , Conduit-street , Re gent-street , London . The mostsupeib plate ever published—19 figures , representing the most fashionable garments , particularly the new style paletot over-coats , both single and doublcbreasted , six patterns of garments—viz ., two sA ^ of paletot , two dress coats , the Parisian style vest with skirts , and shooting vest ; full and particular report , &c , &c . Price 10 s . 6 d . for the one season , or 20 s . for one year , including an intermediate report , summer end winter , with , every necessary information throughout theyear . A sp lendid livery Plate , warranted the most useful In the trade ; seven patterns of garments , and a book of description , &c Price only 12 s . Two Juvenile Plates—Ho . 1 for Bpring and summer , No . 2 for autumn and winter * pr ice ( irith the fashions or livery plate } , 4 s . each . The work on Cutting , in numbers at Is . Gd . each , as usual . Scientific cutting taught , and garments or patterns cut for the trade . —Observe the address , as above .

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      TO THE EMBARRASSED . —IMPORTANT . JPHERE » re thousands of persons who hare struggled JL long against the force of misfortune , but few are aware that by a very recent Act all small traders owing debts not exceeding £ 300 , farmers , and all others owing to any amount ^ can he entirely raised from their difficulties at a small expense , and without imprisonment or bankruptcy . All such Mr . Weston begs will apply to him at Moira-chamhers , 17 , Ironmonger-lane , Cheapside , by letter or personally . Persons summoned for small debts should apply immediately , as the ; may thereby save themselves from frennent and lengthened commitments to prison .

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      TEETH . MASTICATION and Articulation Improved and Guaranteed . —Messrs . DAVIS , Surgeon-Dentists , 123 , Pall-mall , opposite the Haymarket , and 1 , New Bridge-street , corner of Fleet-street , continue to supply teeth , guaranteednever to discolour , break , or decay , and fixed without springs or wires , without extracting the old stumps , or giving any pain . A single tooth , 5 s . ; a set , £ 5 . loose teeth fastened . Scurvy in the gums effectually cared . Stopping decayed teeth . Price 4 s ., Dam ' s Hennastican : all persons can use it themselves , as foil directions are enclosed , and can be sent per post .

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      COLOSSEUM . "PATRONISED and visited by her Most Gracious L MAJESTY and his Royal Highness Prince £ BERT . OPEN DAILY from Ten till Six . Protranced by the Press , and confirmed by every visitor < be the most perfect triumph of Art in its various Branches , both by Day and Night , that has ever been achieved . Equal to six exhibitions . The Glyptotheca , ontainiog works of the first artists ; Mont Blanc and Mountain Torrents , Superb Conservatories , Gothic Aviary , Classic Ruins and Fountains , Panorama of TnnAnn . re-Tiainted by Mr . Parris , &c . Admittance , 3 s . Children , half-price , iiio ct < a . » ot ; to Oavprns . the most magnificent of all the temples which nature has luiltfor herself in the regions of night , Is . extra . EVENING EXHIBITION , Open from Eight till Eleven , consists of an entirely new panorama of London by night , erected in front of the day picture , the largest in the world , comprising 46 , 000 square ieet , projected and carried out by Mr . W . Bradwell , and painted by Mr . Danson and Mr . Telbin . The Caverns , Mont Blanc , and Torrent * y night , the Glyptotheca and refreshment saloon , brilliantly illuminated , forming a promenade perfectly unique . The whole exhibition designed by Mr . Bradwell . Admission at the door 5 s . each . Family tickets to admit four persons , at 4 s . eaeh , . to be had at the North Lodge , Colosseum , from Ten to Six : and at all the principal Librari-n and Musicsellars .

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      GREAT BRITAIN MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY , 14 , "WHEELOn-Pl / ACE , LOSDON . DIRECTORS , The Chisholm , Chairman . William JTorley , Esq ., Deputy Chairman . Henry S . Barber , Esq . James John lunloch , Esg . John Brishtman , Esq . Henry Lawson , Esq . Trancis Brodigan , Esq . Henry Penny , Esq . James Wm . Deacon , Esq . Robert Power , Esq ., M . D . Alexander It . Irvine , Esq . The Rev . F . W . Johnson John Inglis Jerdein , Esg . . Vickery , A . M . AUDITORS . C . B . Rule , Esq . T . C . Simmons , Esq . G . Thomas , Esq . THT . SICIAN . John Clendinning , M . D ., F . R . S ., 1 C , Wimpole-street . SOUCITOK . Walter Prideaus , Esq ., Goldsmiths' Hall . BA 5 JKEES . Union Bank of London . ADVANTAGES OF THIS INSTITUTION . The whole of the Pro 6 ts divided askoiwy among the Members , afterpayment of five Annual Premiums . An ample cuaranteed Capital , in addition to the fund continually accumulating from Premiums / uKy sufficient to afford complete security to the Policy-holders . HALF CREDIT RATES OF PREMIUM . The attention of Assdbehs is particularly directed to the Half Credit Rates of Premium , by which mtans Assurances nay be effected , and loans for short periods secured with the least possible present outlay , and at a less premium than for short terms only , and with the option of paving up the arrears and interest , thus becoming entilled toparticipatc iu the vMte of iMprofit of the limitation , IXTEACT rROM TIIE HAI . F CKEP 1 T BATES OT TBEM 1 PM . Age 20 . i Age 25 . Age SO . Age 40 . Age 50 . Age 60 . £ s . d . £ s . d . JEs . U . £ s . d £ s . d . £ s . d -0 17 « 0 13 9111185310342 Thus , foresamplc : —A person in the twenty-fifth year of his age , instead of paving £ 117 s . Gd . per annum for an Assurance of £ 100 , would be required to pay 18 s . 9 d . only during the first five years , when , on payment of the arrears of Premium , amounting to £ 1 V 3 s . sa ., liis share of the profits would be such as to reduce his future Annual Premiums to very little more than the half Premium of 13 s . 9 d . originally paid by him . The Gbeat Britain is tlie " only Mutual Assurance Society in which this very great aottHniHodation is given to the Assured . Transfers of Policies cflected and registered ( without charge ) at the Office . Claims on Policies not subject to ic litigated or disputed , except with the sanction , in each case , of a General ileetiiig of the Members , to be specially convened on the occasion . Members Assured to the extent of £ 1000 entitled ( after payment of five Annual Premiums ) to attend and vote at all General Meetings , which will have the superintendence and control of the f uuiJs and affairs of the Society . Pull particulars arc detailed in the Prospectus , which , TPith every requisite information , may be obtained by application to A . R . IRVDJE , iTanaging Director . Agents wanted in Towns not pre-occupied , and applications from respectable and influential parties addressed to the Managing Director , at ^ so . 14 , "N ' atcrloo-place , London , will meet with immediate attention .

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      IXDEFEXDEXT ORDER OF UNITED BROTHERS ( LEICESTER UNITY ) . IMPORTANT TO Tf ORKISG MEX . SELP-KTE IIEST being the first law of nature ( and through life we find this the one grand ruling principle—neither is it wrong , if not carried out to an improper extent ) , in these days of incertitude it behoves every man to have a thought for the futuiv ;—to make some provision for the time of sickness , want of employment , and such like contingencies to which man is liable . The "various societies formed for this purpose are amongst the foremost , established by the philanthropist of our day ; the greatest good has accrued from them ; but the most prominent stands the various Secret Orders ; the principle on which they are bound gives them a superiority above all other similar institutions . Various are their titles and significations , and various are the modes of carrying out their designs ; but perhaps there are none ¦ which shine so conspicuous or more beneficial than the "INDEPENDENT ORDER OF UNITED BROTHERS . " It is an institution that will be found to possess in evenway equal , aud in some respects superior , advantages to any other society of its class . Its laws being based upon the pure principles of Democracy , and past experience having taught the lesson that puhiic-house meetings tend rather to injure than otherwise , the members of this Order are not allowed to hold their Lodges at such places : neither are intoxicating drinks allowed at theni ; but , on tlie other hand , they are not restricted to teetotalism . This Order has met the feelings of a great portion Of our population ; hence its ra pid progress . To such , then , who wish to appropriate their money to a really useful purpose , who wish to make a provision for sickness and distress , and to be conveyed in a decent manner to that "bourne from whence no traveller returns , '' without the / aid of a parish , « r of being under any obligation to friends or charitable persons , this Order affords every facility . The regular contributions amount to 9 d . per fortnight , for which a memhsr , when sick , receives 10 s . per , veek ; £ 10 is also given ou tlie death of a msmbor . and £ 5 at the death of a number's wife ; and , by paying a small additional contribution , the gifts at the deaths will be doubled . All necessary information may be obtained by anplvin " to the following persons , viz .: — John AVindley , printer , Church-gate , Leicester , William Colver , Dryden-street , ditto . BaviaAbell , brushmanufacturer , Westgate-street , Gloucester . Edward Jennens , Freeman-street , Birmingham . Jgwa lW . taa or . Rcdditeh . TOES n " ^ * " »* **** Derby . "William Pike , fcdw I man"fecturer , Newark . ¦~ b £ ^ S 5 ^« - « . . j t ^^^ -Ws in the different PWU

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      CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE LAND SOCIETY , AND THE NATIONAL CHARTER ASSO CIA'PION . THE Members and Friends of the above bodies are respectfully informed that Mr . T . M . Wheeler , the General Secretary , ' has removed to No . 7 , Crown-court , Dean-street , Oxford-street , to which place all communications for the above Societies , must be henceforth addrossed . Sub-Secretaries , and other persons who may have money to forward to Mr . Wheeler , are requested to make their Orders payable at the Branch Post-office , Old Cavendish-street , Oxford-street .

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      LESSONS IN MILLINERY AND DRESSMAKING . MADAME GALLIOS , 44 , New Bond-street , continues her superior method of teaching the art of Dress-Making . She undertakes to make persons of the smallest capacity proficient in Cutting , Fitting , and Executing , in the most finished style , in Six Lessons , for One Pound . Her superior method can be fully substantiated by references to pupils , and has never been equalled by any sompetitor . ( KT Practice hours from eleven till four .

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      MINERS' ALMANACK , FOR 1840 . By Mr . William Danielis . In the Press , and shortly will be published , THE MINERS' ALMANACK , for 184 C , containing Twenty-Four Pages , over and above the Advertisement Covers , PRICE ONLY ONE PENNY . Besides the usual amount of information , tbis Almanach will contain Tables for calculating Wages , Pr ices for Hewing Coals , either by the score , yard , or ton ; Market , Weather , Tide , and other Tables ; Accidents in Mines ; Ventilation of Coal Mines ; with Tables showing the speed of air currents , and a mass of other useful information . To Advertisers this will be an invaluable medium of communication , the circulation each year , since it was first published , having never been less than 10 , 000 ! Advertisements will be printed on coloured covers , and stitched to the Almanack ; and in all probability will be read by every Miner in Great Britain . Orders and Advertisements received at the Miners ' Advocate Office , Side ; Mr . Horn , Music Seller , Greystreet ; Mr . France , Bookseller , No . 8 , Side , Newcastleupon-Tyne ; Mr . Me Coll , Bookseller , South Shields ; Mr . James Williams , Printer and Bookseller , Bridge-street , Sunderland ; and Mr . Cleave , Bookseller , Shoe-lane , Fleet-street , London . N . B . No Advertisements will be received after the 28 th of October .

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      Just published , Price Twopence , A PAMPHLET , entitled "AM EXPOSITION OF A THE INSECURITY OF THE DAVf LAMP , AS RELATING TO COAL MINING , " in which will be found the evidence and experiments of Dr . Murray , Dr . Pereira , Mr . John Roberts , and others , as given before the Parliamentary Committee . To be had at the -Minera * Advocate Office , Side ; Mr . T . Horn , Music Seller , Grey-street ; Messrs . P . France and Co ., No . 8 , Side , Newcastle ; Mr . H . McColl , Bookseller , South Shields ; Mr . James Williams , Bookseller , Sunderlaud : and Mr . Cleave , Shoe-laue , Fleet-street , London .

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      I MPORTANT TO H EA LTHY MEN FR O M FORTY TO FIFTY-FIVE YEARS OF AGE . The United Patriarchs' Benefit Society , including Medical Attendance and Medicine . Enrolled and Empowered by Act of Parliament to extend over the United Kingdom . fTIBE want of a Society of this nature must be evident JL to every person who may have neglected providing against the calamities of lifeiu their youth . It is in Four Divisions , after tho manner of the United Patriots ' , having the same Benefits , except that of Lyings-in . This Society is Established at the same London Office , and at the game Country Houses in the same towns . It also has the same Officers for its Agents , < tc . The Contributions are on the same scale per lunar month . Blank forms and information for the admission of country members can be obtained at any time by applying to the Agents , < tc , at their residences , or at the meeting houses . Also information for forming Localities , appointing Agents , Medical Attendants , &c , can be obtained by letter , pre-paid , enclosing postage stamps for return letter , or three postage stamps for form , < tc . Direct , Mr . D . W . Ruffy , London Office , No . 13 , Tottenham-court , New-road , St . Pancras .

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      IMPORTANT TO WORKING MEN UNDER FORTY YEARS OF AGE . Look to the interests of yourselves and families ; hasten and join that flourishing institution , the " United Patriots' Benefit Society , " enrolled and empowered by Act of Parliament to extend over the United Kingdom . THE Society is on a new , yet correct principle , and is the only Benefit Society legalised with the privilege of establishing branches , appointing sub-secretaries , having suh-committees , &c . Look around at the numerous unenrolled societies in particular , ever breaking up , and men , after being members from twenty to forty years , who have looked forward in the hopes of having a something like superannuation money to keep starvation from their doors , being cast aside to the tender mercies of a Poor Law Bastile , Remember , in the midst of life you are in death , that you know not what an hour may bring forth ; then , working men , join this Society , make it truly a national one , to number not only thousands but millions . Unite , cause it to extend throughout the length and ' breadth of the land . The government of the Society is in the hands of the members , every branch being empowered by the rules to manage its own local affairs . The Society is in four divisions for its members to receive according to their payments thefollowinghenefits : — £ s . d . £ s . d . In Sickness per week from ... 0 9 0 to 0 IS 0 Death of Member 10 0 0 to 20 0 0 Death of Wife or nominee ... 5 0 0 to 10 0 0 Wife ' s Lying-in 1 0 0 to 2 0 0 Loss by Tire 10 0 0 to 15 0 0 Superannuation per week ... 0 4 0 to 0 6 0 Contributions per calendar " ^ month for Sickness and V 0 1 4 to 0 2 7 Management . J Levies according to the demands on each division per quarter . Entrance according to age , from two shillings and eightpence to nine shillings and twopence . Weekly Meetings at tho London Society House , Brown Bear Tavern , liroad . street , Uloomsbury , every Tuesday evening , at eight o ' clock . Persons can enroll at the Society nouse any day by paying the entrance money . The following is a list of the Branches , Names of the Sub-Secretaries , Places of Meeting , and Counties situated in at present , forming limbs of this growing anu gigantic Society , where persons can be entered any time by the Sub-Secretaries at their residence , or at the Branch Houses : — Atherstone , Warwickshire , Holly Bush Inn , Long-Street ; Sub-Secretary , W . Smith , Bingham ' s-row . Alchcster , Warwickshire , Gloue Iun ; Suu-Sccretary , W . Spooner , Ncedlemaltcr . Bristol , Somersetshire , Angel Tavern , Highstreet ; St . Phillip ' s and Cannon Tavern , Cannon-street , St . James ; Sub-Secretary , S . Jacobs , Bookseller , 18 , Upper MauuTui-street , St . MichaeVs-hill . Bath , Somersetshire , Grape 3 Tavern , Vt ' estgate-street ; Sub-Secretary , W . Young , 17 , Phillip-street . Burtihani , Bucks , Suu Iun ; Sub-Secretary , B . Biittalu , Chalvey . Blandfdrd , Dorset , T . Saunders , jun ., Upholsterer , Salisbury-street . Braintrce , Essex , Temperanco Coffee House ; Sub-Secretary , T . Handle . Coggeshall , Essex , Chappell Inn ; Sub-Secretary , J . Burrows , Upper Stonehain-street . Daventry , Northamptonshire , Lion and La « ib Inn , ilarket-plaea ; Sub-Secretary , G . Ashweil , Cabiuet-makar , George-streot . Halstead , Essex , White norse Inn , Parsonage-lane ; Sub-Secretary , R . Payne , Silk , worker , Tan-yard . Hedgerlcy , Bucks , One Pin Inn ; Sub-Secretary , J . Hose . Norwich , Norfolk , Coffee and Eating Rooms , Princesstreet ; Sub-Secretary , R . Howse , Fellmongers' Armsyard , Oak-street , St . Martin ' s . Pimlico , London , Builders' Arms , Vauxhall-bridge' road ; Sub-Secretary , T . Sawyers , Bookseller , 11 , St . Leonard-street , Bclgrave-roail . Reading , Berks , Woolpack Inn , Broad-street ; Sub-Secretary , G . W . Wheeler , 30 , Coley-street . Rockwell Green , Somersetshire , Clock Inn , Bridgestreet ; Sub-Secretary , T . lleivett , Xorlh-street . Slough , Bucks , Rein Deer Inn ; Sub-Secretary , B . Brittain , Bricklayer , Chalvey . Sndbury , Suffolk , Horn Inn , North-street ; Sub-Secretary , W . Outing , Tea Dealer , North-street . Sheffield , Yorkshire , Three Cranes Ina , Queen-street ; Sub-Secretary , G . Hall , S , Cora-hill . Soutli Ockcndon , Essex , Old King ' s HccVl Inn , Ilighstreet ; Sub-Secretary , W . G . llonicastle , Commercial Academy . Wellington , Somersetshire , King ' s Arms Inn , Ilighstroot ; Sub-Secretary , W . JBoworinan , Bootmaker , lloekwell-green . Wellingborougli , Northamptonshire , Cross Keys Iun , High-street ; Sub-Secretary , C . Knight , Gardener , East End . Windsor , Berk 5 , Crispins' Inn , Thames-street ; Sub-Secretavy , W . S . Bailcock , Carpenter , Love-lane . High Vycombe , Bucks , Bell Inn , Canall ; Sub-Secretary , James Chapman , Temple End . Wimbledon , Surrey , Castle Inn , Church-street ; Sub-Secretary , E . J . Holley , Painter , Ivy-place . Wenliaston , near Halesworth , Suffolk , Compasses Inn ; Sub-Secretary , Thomas Funnell , Academy , opposite the Church . Blank forms and information for the admission of country members can he obtained by applying to the Sub-Secretaries at their residences , or at the branch houses . Information for forming branches , appointing Sub-Secretaries , ic . canbe obtained by letter , pre-paid , enclosing postage stamp for return letter , or three postage stamps for form , < fcc ,, directed to D . W . Huffy , General Secretary , London Office , 13 , Tottenham-court , Kew road , St . Pauiras ,

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      JUST PUBLI S HED , BY WV DUGDALE , 16 , HOLYWELL STREET , STR A ND , mHE WANDBH 1 NG JEW , 4 n . 6 d . The Nonpareil edi-J . tion , being the only perfect translation of this famous work . It contains 700 pages , and is illustrated with-numerous plates from Gavurni , ic . The Dispatch saye , "It is a complete translation , and not a mere abridgment , and the ipirit of the original is fully observed throughout . " All the other editions , purporting to be complete , do not contain one-half of this , and the printing and paper are of first-rate quality . Also , uniform with the above , and by the same author , DJ > EOHAN ; OR , THE COURT CONSPIRATOR . Sew * * I * . ; bound , 2 s . fid . } containing more than the 3 vol . 4 U \ on published at £ 1 lls . 6 d . This is one of tho most intensely interesting of all Eugene Sue ' s historical romances . THE MYSTERIES OF PARIS , 960 pages , 50 engravings , only 4 s . bound . May be had of all booksellers . THE MANUAL OF FBEEMASOKRY , Parts I ., II ., and III ., by the late Richard Carlile , and published by him at 15 s . This edition contains the whole of the three celebrated productions , being a complete key to the science and mystery of Masonry . Price 5 s . sewed , postage 20 d . ; or 6 s . handsomely bound , postage 26 d . Also , just published , in one vol ., 400 pages ito ., 5 s . THE MIRROR OP ROMANCE , containing Leone Leoni , by George Sand—Physiology of Matrimony—Jenny , or the Unfortunate , and the White House , by Paul lie Kock—Manual of Freemasonry , by Carlile , verbatim , published at 15 s . —Memoirs of an Old Man of Tweuty-iive , a most amusing tale , &c . PAUL DE KOCK'S WORKS IN ENGLISH . The Barber of Paris , 2 s . —Gustavus ; or , the Young Rake 2 s . —Georgette ; or , the Scrivener ' s Niece , 2 s . — Brother James , 2 s . —The Man with tie Three Pair of Smalls , 2 s . —Moustache ; or , the Three Students of Paris , 2 s . —My Wife's ' Child , Is . Gd . —My Neighbour Raymond , Is—Tourlourou ; or , the Conscript , Ss . —Also , Indiana , by George Sand , 3 s ,, &c , &c—A Catalogue may be had , W . DUGDALE , 10 , Holywell-Street , Strand .

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      JUST PUBLISHED , . In one volume , foolscap 8 ro ., neat cloth , price 7 s . G& ., ' THE PURGATORY OP SUICIDES A Prison Rhyme : in Ten Books : BY THOMAS COOPER , THE CHARTIST . J . How , Publisher , 132 , Fleetstrcet . US' Orders from the Country to he sent through the Bookseller * . MR . COOPER'S NEW WORK . To be Published early in November , in 2 yols ., 12 mo ., Price Fourteen Shillings , WISE SAWS AKD MODERN INSTANCES . A wries of prose Tales and Sketches , composed in Stafford Gaol : among which are : — Kucky Sarson the Barber ; or the Disciple of Equality . Raven Dick the Poacher ; or " Who scratched the Bull * . '' Tim Swallow-whUtle the Tailor ; or "Every dog has his day . " Master Zerubbabel the Antiquary ; and how he found out the " NooseJarning . " Dorothy Pyecroft ' s preaching j or " Charity begins at home . " The Beggared Gentleman , and his crooked stick . The nurture of a Young Sailor ; or the history of Cockle Tom . The last days of an Old Sailor ; or " Butter your shirt —sing ' tantara-bobus , make shift !• ' The Man that brought his niutpence to nought . : The Lad that felt like a fish out of water . The Minister of Mercy . — " Merrie England" no more . Signs of the Times ; or One Parson aud Two Clerks , < fcc , < fcc . Published also by Mr . How , Fleet-street , about to remove to 209 , Piccadilly .

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      PROOFS OF PROGRESS . /

      THE "NEW DESTINY" OF THE WORKERS . We have often Lad to note the numerous proofs that every-day experience now affords , of the utter breaking up of old political parties and distinctions ; and have had to remark on the new organization evidently going on , where the friends of labour and the asserters of its claim to be " FIRST partaker of the fruits , " are ranged on one side ; and the antagonist force , —those who hold that "Capital is justified in availing itself of every means to keep down the price of labour , " and who maintain in all thoir integrity the dehumanizing dogmas of the pensioned Maltiius ,

      are ranged on the other . As a consequence of this wreck of old opinions , the term Whig has lost the meaning that attached to it but a few years ago , when it designated the party who were opposed to a " stand-still" policy , and who reprobated the insulting sentiment— " the land we live in : those who do not like it , damn them let them leave it ; " and it is far even from meaning what it did in 1830-35 , when the martial-laiv coercion of the " grumbling" Irish , and the " reduction of the English to live on a coarser sort of diet" were its chief end and aim . Now the term Wag merely describes the remnant of an old

      faction , ranged under the leadership ot Lord Jons Uussem ., waiting on events—and changing their shape and opinions to suit the altered "form and pressure of the times . " Accordingly we have Loud John himself an advocate for the principle of restricting the hours of toil , and for the due regulation and puotectios by law of those who . are otherwise unable to protect themselves : and this too in the teeth o his former professions and actions as a Minister of the Crown : and hence , too , we have many who formerly were Whigs of the first water , —when " \ Yhiggism was but the synonyme for Malthusianism ,

      —forsaking the error of their ways , and walking in the new . light which opens up the path to true national glory through the aggregation of happy and independent individualism . As another consequence , Toryism , as it existed even in 1 S 17 , has become extinct . No longer do we hear the insulting denial of grievances—nor the supercilious expression of contempt on those who seek needful reforms . No longer do we find armed bodies of yeomanry endeavouring t o put down the voice of complaint by the newlysliarpened sabre , wielded by a drunken hand , as at Petehloo : and no longer have we applications for

      the suspension of the Habeas Corpus Act , that the dungeons may be filled without the intervention of judge or jury . No longer , have wo the passing of SIX ACTS—or power-of-imprisonuient bills , to be followed by Bills of Indemnity for acts of tyranny even greater than those authorised by the despotio laws of the Tory reign of terror ; nor have we any longer the expatriation of a Mum , a Palmeh , a Sjuktisg , and a Gerald , for holding the principles of Reform . Those days are passed away—gone ; never to return : and with them has gone also the spirit of cruel , despotic , rampant Toryism , as "

      embodied" in a party . With Toryism lias also departed Protestant ascendancy . One by one has the penal laws against the Roman Catholics disappeared from the statute book , till there hardly remains one sample of a former sanguinary and truly despotic coilo . So complete has been the change with respect to the once all-powerful Tory faction , that the modern adherents to a portion of its " principles" became absolutely ashamed of the name ; and they transmuted it into that of Conservative—a name which at once indicated the rejection of the " stand-still policy : " for instead of pleading for " things as they arc , " the " Reform of all proved abuses" was the motto

      put on the new colours of the once Tory party . Conservatism , however , has , in its turn , been frittered away ; and such strange antics have been played by its heroes and their adherents , us to render even the new designation , after so short a service , totally inapplicable to a political party . Like the Whigs , the Conservatives are at sea , buffeted about by the waves of public opinion : and the onco respective adherents of both sets of principles arc making for the new havens opened up : one by the friends of labour , through the proper organization of industry ; and the other by the advocates for the more complete subjugation ol labour , through the unrestrained operation of capital on unprotectcdncss .

      Amid all this breaking-up and re-marshalling of forces , none has been so distinct and so complete as the break-up of the Malthusian "feelosophj . " For a time its novelty and its plausibility AS AN EXCUSE FOR TYRANNY , caused it * to be received with acclaim by the richer classes : those who needed some reason to justify their " holding" vast possessions , and increasing in substance and wealth with every hour ; while the mass of society , —those who did all the work , rf » nd caused all the wealth to be , —were deteriorating . in condition , and were

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      forced to drink the -cup of squalid misery to the very dregs . WithtfAawa " philosophy" which pretended to show that the evils of our social state were the result of nature ' s laws , and not of man ' s imperfect institutions , was clearly a god-send ot inestimable value : and as such it was hailed by many * who were joyed at the opportunity of silencing the complaints of the dissatisfied with an " axiom in . political economy . " In an incredible short space of time this "philosophy" was the leading feature of the age j and a bold attempt was made to thoroughly incorporate it into our laws . At first we

      had nibblings at the old principles therein engrained : and then we had a bodily effort to upset the superstructure of right in our old Poor Laws , and thoroughly legalise the new doctrine , which denied the right of the poor to liberty and life . That effort , however , proved to be the deathknell of Malthusianism . While the "feelosophy " was but a theory , it served well enough for con-trover sial displays of argument : and full toleration was accorded to the holders of the doctrine : but when its odiousness and cruelty , and savageness , came to be manifested in practice , the whole nation revolted at

      the hell-born exhibition of " Christian love . " From that day Malthusianism was doomed . The tide of natural feeling set in against it , and carried away one after another of its once powerful advocates , The well-directed efforts of Dickens , and Hood , and Jerrold , in a guise which attracted the notice of even the richer classes ; efforts made to uphold the natural sympathies of our race , and give tliera a directum in favour of the helpless and the outcasts , were attended with all-success , spite of the brilliancy and plausibility of the eloquent but superficial Bulweb . The mind of society was forced into the conflict : for it was one in which there could not be

      indifference or halting : and the result has been that Malthusianism is routed—put to flight . Even a Sir James Gkaham has , in his New-New Poor Law , been obliged to eat his principles , and introduce clause ! which directly negate those on which " feelosophj" so unseemly prided itself , when the New Poor Law was enacted . The legislative adoption of the new doctrine has been withdrawn ; the public condemnation has followed on every manifestation of the ' 'feelosophical "

      principle in practice ; and many of the once stout defenders of the theory are now avowed pleaders for the right of the poor to live in the land of their birth therefore Malthusianism has run the length of its tether—has had Us brief day of existence . In a little time there will be but the record to tell that it has once been—and that men were so blinded by their own imaginary self-interest , as to be led to adopt its hard-hearted doctrines , and to introduce and defend its iron practices .

      Amid all these conversions from the advocacy of Malthusianism to a healthier state of mind , and to the recognition of juster principles , there is none that has afforded us greater pleasure than that of the Messrs . Chambers of Edinburgh . Forced , as they have been , by circumstances , into a position to do either immense good or harm throughout society , it is important that the power they possess should be exerted in aid of the tkutii—and not in support of error . Turning out as they do their " twelve millions of sheets" during the year , they are powerful auxiliaries to any cause that may secure their

      advocacy . This we have often felt , and ever bitterly deplored , when their vast machinery was set in motion to popularize Malthusianism , and to aid the unholy efforts of capital to render labour thoroughly subservient to its aggrandisement . It was really painful to see periodicals which professed to eschew " all politics" pleading for the worst school of politics , and doing thoir utmost to inculcate the notion that the evils which pressed the workers into the earth were natural ones , and admitted not of remedy . All this the Ciiambers ' s have done—done it for years : until it was as notorious that they were of the hard

      school of what Cobbeix called " Scotch philosophy ' as it was that they published their Journal . Now , however , their opinions aro changed . Now they no longer look on the condition of the workers as one irremediable—only capable of partial amelioration through education and moral elevation . Now they no longer regard the unfettered employment of capital and the aggrandisement of capitalists , as the be-all and the end-all of existence . Now they no longer regard the producing mass as doomed to labour

      incessantly FOR OTHERS , catching of their own productions as small a SHARE as an active Jahourcompetltien and the all graspingness of capital will leave them . Now they recognise a more cheeringa more hopeful—a more blessing-scattering philosophy . In the signs of the times they see the dawning of a new destiny for the producers of wealthwherein their condition will be more in accordance with the nation ' s means , and with their own justlydirected efforts to give those means a rightful

      application , And , what is better still , the Chambers do not hesitate to proclaim their conversion to the new faith . They dc not seek to hide their new light behind a bushel . They freely speak of the hope that has been excited within them ; anil tell of the riddance of the fears , as to man ' s progression , which formerly cramped the mind . This is as it should be . It is the best mode by which they can atone for former errors , and the iniaclucf they may hava occasioned bv the pertinacious propagation of those

      errors . Some two months ago we called attention to jxn article which appeared in their Journal breathing quite a different spirit , and having a far nobler purpose , than many of their former articles in relation to the working classes , their wages , and their efforts to ameliorate their condition . The article in question was oil the subject of " short time ; " and well did it contrast with the tract— " the Employer ami the Employed "—which a few months before issued from the same press . The latter was a most insolent attempt to make the miserable and the starving

      contented with their " position" in life , because al was afforded them that capital could spare ; and the former was an eloquent pleading for the helpless victims of our money-getting system—showing that ovon on the score of gain itself , overworking the human animal is a " mistake , " to say nothing o ! the higher considerations that should influence the decision on such a question . On that occasion tve pointed out the great change that was observable in the " philosophy" taught by Ciiambers ' s Journal ; and we then even luiilcd them into the field as coworkers for labour ' s emancipation from the thraldom which the present system has imposed .

      It is with high gratification that we now call attention to another remarkable article from the same pages . On this occasion it is impossible for mistake in relation to authorship to be made . In general the names of the contributors of the articles in Chambers ' Journal are not given : and thus a difficulty is experienced in ascertaining whether the sentiments of a paper arc acquiesced in by the conductors ; or rather which arc their own productions ; and which the productions of others . It is true that they arc re sponsible for all opinions they put forth , as far as publication goes ; but still there is a wide difference

      between the publication of the opinions of your neighbour , and the direct inculcation of your own by means of the press . For instance : there is reason to believe that the tract—' The Employer amUhc Employed" — was not written by cither William or RojiLT . r Chambers ; but still , as publishers , they were identified in some degree with the sentiments and object of the writer . At least . they were aiding the writer , either knowingl y or i gnorantly , in his ittempt to inculcate false principles , and tolibol Uig

      character of the producers . Again : it was not apparent that the article on " short time" which we extracted on the occasion above alluded to , was from the pen of either of the above-named gentlemen . Indeed it is like !? it was not ; but from Mr . Simp-S , of Edinburgh , whose efforts to force on public attention the questions 01 Education and Sanatory Reform have been unceasing . But on the present occasion there can be no doubt , i&re wo hava , tho sentiments with the name ; an < I here we l \ oxe the ¦ avowal , of ., i mm faith giving rise to bright and glow-

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      ing hopes , instead of the cold and cheerless " philosophisings" of . Malthus with which we used to be dosed . For some time it has been the custom of the Messrs . Chambers to give an annual soirGe , or entertainment , to the persons in their employ , at which , after tea has been partaken , speeches are made by both employers and employed . The other day the meeting for the present year was held : and it was at that meeting , speaking in his own proper person that Mr . Robem Chambers cave utterance to the

      sentiments we are now about to set before the reader We extraet the Report from Chambers ' s Journal o * September 6 th ; premising that after a speech from Mr . \ Ym . Chambers , setting forth the extent of their establishment , and the arrangements made in it for the comfort of the employed ; and , after the delivery of an address in reply , by one of the working compositors , Mr . Robert Chambers delivered an address , or essay , on the condition of the working classes , as follows ;—1 . My friends—I would take this opportunity of making a few remarks on the condition and prospects of the working-classes . I mean to be very short , for this is not an occasion when patience is to be expected for long speeches or dissertations .

      2 . That discontent with their position and share of the profits of industry prevails very generally among the working classes , is too obvious a fact to require being here insisted on . It is less heard of tt present than it was two or three yean ago , because at preient almost every man fit for work is in good employment , and there is accordingly little immediate fonte of hardship . But the existence ol a deep and settled feeling of discontent is nevertheless true , and it is to tbis that I am to address myself on the present occasion . Now , I not only admit the fact of the discontent , but I believe that it is not without cause . But I think , at the same time , that there

      it a right as well as a wrong way of expounding and arguing upon the cage of the working-classes , as against the rest of society , and the employing class in particular . lalsobelicve that much of what the working-classes complain of it essentially coimectcdwithtlie present slalt of society , and only can be remedied by favour of certain social improvement } , which it will require time to effect . The airangcments between roasters and their people partake of that imperfection which may be said to characterise all existing institutions , through the ignorance and prejudices of man , and which it is the grand object of the wise and good of this age to remove .

      3 . The position of the working-classes is now , like many other things , in a transition state , They were once slaves , afterwards retainers ; now they are free workmen . This is the highest point which they have as yet been able to reach in any country ; but we may fairly expect that this is not to be their ultimatum . It cannot be—if they improve , and society improve witk them . It is common to express doubts if the last move of the workers , namely , that from the retainer to the free operative , li . ie been an improvement . I would class this notion with that which asserts the beatitude of our quondam West India , slaves and deplores their being brought to the miseries attendant upon emancipation . It Eecms sad for the working-man to lack that kindly protection which ho enjoyed from his feudal master . Such protection , I

      grant , was well in its own time , when there could be nothing better . But does it never occur to the scions of Young England that there is a very alarming resemblance between the protection which a baron extended to his servants , and that which he extended to the animals which equally served him his horses , and his dogs ? Do they not see that , when one man assumes even the position of a protector over another , he degrades that other person ? For my part , I am totally unable to see what right any human being has to act the protecter towards another . No—upon all such relations as this , I cannot but think the present position of the independent labourer a great improvement . Ten times rather let me have my stipulated wages and no more—even though I never once interchange a word with my master—than have him

      pretending to a right to take care of me , as if , forsooth , I were such a child as to be unable to take care of myself . In the one condition , the manly virtues must shrink and die ; the other tends to elicit self reliance , and is the needful step to something better . There may , however , be much kindly feeling between employers and the most independent of labourers . My brother and I , for example , while we respect the independence of our co-operators , are not on that account the less friendly with them . I believe , on the contrary , that there is a purer kind of good-will between U 3 , from the very fact that each party is independent of the other . Our mutual good feelings are the more nearly those which exist between equals in the common world . Any interchange of civility stands the more clear of all imagination of an inferior motive .

      i . I regard , then , the position of the independent working-man us a point in progress . It is something better than anything which lias been before , wanting , no doubt , some of those pleasant-looking features which marked the condition of the retainer , but more than making up for this by pecularitiesof its own ; anyhow it is a . point in progress . Sow , the first question is , in what light are we to regard this position ! It seems to me that the great error of those who write upon the subject , is in treating it as a final position , as if the system of hire were a tiling so perfect that it could never be changed for anything else , and as if we had nothing to do but consider by what means the relation of hirer and hired could be made as agreeable to both parties , and as fruitful of good results as possible . To me , the fact that workers

      have gono through various phases , already denotes that they are only now going through another phase , ami that there are still other phases through which to pass . The world is altogether a system of flux and change . Nothing s ' ands still : new combinations and developments are constantly taking place . With fresh generations come fresh ideas , and dogmas in political and moral philosophy , which are the worship of one age , become the scoft' of . mother , I therefore expect that amongst the improvements of the future , there is to be one regarding the relations of the directors and the executors of labour . To obtain some nation of what this is to be , the readiest course is to consider what are the leading defects and evils of the present arrangements , for it will bo in the removal of these that tha chief change will take place .

      D , What I think is mainly to be complained of m the present system , is that it tends to send oft the hirers aiid hired in two different directions—the one towards a high intellectual tension aud an elevated moral state , along with tlie possession of great wealth and the consequent cnjeyinent of great luxury , and the other towards a condition the reverse in all respects . The master , exposed to so many risks , obliged to watch every opportunity of obtaining any advantage in the mercantile world , liis mind kept aver ou Ilia stretch to devise the most economical means of conducting his operations , necessarily has his faculties called into high exercise . The opportunities he has for the profitable employment of additional capital , prompt him to bo self-denying and prudent , even for the better gratification of his acnuisitiveness ; and thus lie

      advances as a moral being , and as a mini of wealth at the same time . How stands it on the other hand with the workman ? He has a limited and monotonous range of duties . Ilis intellectual resources are accordingly not brought into full use . Or he is condemned to severe physical exertion , which leaves the mind languid and iuei't , and thus equally he remains in a . low intellectual state . To state the matter in perhaps its least unpleasant shape , the master is often oppressed with liis intellectual duties , while the mind of the workman is starved for want of anything beyond routine to occupy it . Workmen , again , having in general a fixed position and income , and hardly any eincetatiou of ever rising out of it , arc not under the same temptations which tho masters are , to pursue a frugal and self-denying course , and to cultivate

      character . Iluman nature has not such fair play in their caso . It wants the moral laud-marks , beacons , and paradises of reward " which are planted arounl tho course of the master . Generally speaking , the working men of a country will be of tho average intellect . Here , then , we have the ordinary grade of intellects placed by a mere social arrangement—an institution of mam ' s making—in the circumstances least favourable to moral development and edification . And does not tho actual state of matters tally only too well with these assumed causes * There surel y can be no offence in saying that , while there is one class of workmen , such as our own

      here assembled , who conduct themselves respectably , and actually are at this moment tending upwards , there is a still larger class who give themselves little trouble about decent appearances , or anything beyond the gratification of immediate sensual wants . I see the condition of this class , and also such causes for it , that blame on tlio general point is out of the question ; we must feel that wo are culled upon , not to rebuke or condemn , but , by subtracting the cause , to abolish tho effects . Wo may preach for ever about the want of foresight and prudence m this class , but till we place them hi favourable instead of unfavourable circumstances , we shnll make no great progress in their reformation .

      0 . My idea is , that through the general progress of the nation in moral conditions , and the particular progress of the working classes themselves , not even excepting tllO least ( lOSSibla section of them , we shall in time reach a point when the Independent worker will advance into something more dignified still . lie will pass into a new phase , as much in advance from the present as the present is an advance from the retainer , or the retainer fi'otu the slave . 1 foretell this change , because 1 have suell a faith in . the reason and benevolence comprised in our nature , that I believe every error in social polity , and every obstacle to the perfect harmony of man with man , must in time be removed . In the new State , the workers would need to have a more particular interest

      in the success ot the concerns with which they are connected . Their application , their skill , their good behaviour , would need to depend , not on the present inducements , which I think inadequate for the generality , but on their sense of their own particular interests . Their fate should be , like that of masters , expressly dependent , and that to the minutest degree , on the way they acted . Thus we might expect their moral and intellectual being to be fully developed . The condition of masters , or directors of labour , would also be improved ; for though there might be less of mere command , there would be more of mutual kindness , and all harassment about the duty of the worker would be spared , as each man would be a master ' s eve to himself .

      7 . As , in order to attain this means of a large advance , there must in the first place he a certain lesser advance through tJj . e ^ . e . ration of weaker causes , we are not to

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      look for any change as to be immediately realized , except perhaps , in partial experiments under unusuall y favour able circumstances . Men are naturally prepossessed for what h , in preference to what only might be . jj 0 can they be instantly forced by any arguments out of sue }] prejudices . We must wait for time to imbue tlieni nlth better views , or to replace the old and impracticable with new and better men . We must wait till the workmen themselves have , through external moral means , been fitted for entering upon improved arrangements wita their masters . Patience is necessary ; for the life Of tti 0 individual is in no relation whatever to the chronology 0 great moral revolutions . But is there not much in the

      meantime to make this lingering endurable ? ' Sutx where throughout Britain , the attention of the best intellects is arrested by the condition of the masses . EviJg are seen and acknowledged . Men , without regard to party or sect , express themselves with kindly sympathy regarding the sons of toil . Tha use of any ungracious language towards them , such as statesmen and wits in . dulged in fiftyyears ago , would now be resented by all " Measures arein contemplation for practical improvements both in thephysical and moral stateof tho working-dasaeg It may indeed be said that the condition of these cln » « is the great question of this age ; it is one-Which seomc

      likely in a little while to absorb all others . Can we then doubt that the present system of things will , in the course ofafewyear » , ba visited with at least great ameliora . tions ? Thereis here , surely , some consolation for tliejcom . plaining parties ; some reason why they should sit not altogether without trust and hope under the evils which they feel to be besetting their state . Even in that general moral advance which distinguishes the present age , they may read the promise of better things for themselves ; for ilis impossible that society at large couldbemuchmore human . hid titanitis , andytt admit 6 f the present unsatisfactory r « lations between the industrious orders and the rett of the cons , muntfy .

      8 . 1 liavenowdeliveredmyselfof the thoughts which have for some time been in my mind with regard to the condition and prospects of the working classes . To some they will appear visionary ; to myself they might have done so a few years ago ; but men are forced , by circumstances emerging in the courseof time , to modify their views . I have thought it best to come frankly out with these ideas , such as they are ; for , so presented , they at least convey to jou a true sense of what one person , and he one to whom such matters are not new , has concluded upon with respect to a great question . I finish , therefore , by asking for my speculations that toleration which I am myself Willing to allow to all those whe think with sincere good intentions , and pronounce with candour and courtesy .

      How unlike the philosophy of the famous—or rather , m-famous—tract , " the Employer and the Employed , " is the philosophy embraced in the above excellent address . An admission of a fact is niada in the first set-out , which tho tract was written to deny : the existence of a cause of discontent in tht workers , even in the most " prosperous" of times : in other words , that the SHARE of the workman » far from what it ought to be ; and that he ought never to rest contented until such social arrangements are brought about as will secure to himself a more equi table " SHARE" than he at present receives .

      In paragraphs , Mr . Gh&mbsrs takes a just view of the present position of the worker , in contrast with that of the " retainer , " and again with that of the " serf . " Viewed in relation to progress , and as a necessary step towards something better and higher than the world has yet seen , the workers' present position will bear advantageous comparison with the two former states from which they have passed ; but viewed in relation to actual condition ; to comfort and amount of care bestowed on them , the contrast is not a favourable one . The tie of interest in the

      condition of the " serf" and the " retainer , " has been snapped ; and interest now is to give as little as can be helped , regardless of the fact whether the amount given will furnish food and clothing , or not . This is one of the evils that has attended on the present development of the "independent" system ; and its cure is to be sought , —not in a return to "serfage " or " retainersliip , " but in aiming for that highet development of "independence" which will not leave any one class at the mercy or under the care or absolute control of any other class .

      How well does Mr . Chambers put his point , in relation to "individual protection . " Every at . sumption of individual protection is a DEGRADATION to the protected . How true ! And what a way docs that sentiment go ! If " no human being has a right to act the part of protector towards another , " no human being has a right to legislate for another , or exact other obedience from him than he is free and willing to give . In that one sentence is embodied the whole political philosophy relative to the rights of man . Would that ifc were universally recognised and embodied in practice ! we should then see a far different social world from that wliicli now offends the moral sense !

      In the fourth paragraph wo have the real question * , as it affects the workers , opened out . Parties talk of the evils of imtuensG accumulation on ouo hand , and of bitter penury on the other , as inseparable from the social system ; as bound up in our "high state of civilisation ; " as necessary and irremediable . "The error proceeds , " says Mr . Giiam « hers , "from treating the present position of the worker as a final one—as if the system of HIRE were a thing so 2 > erfect , that it could never be changed for anything else . " This is the error : and the pointing out of that error b y Mr . Cjiamhehs is of itself a proof that a knowledge of that error cannot iomjuc absent from the minds of all who arc forced from position to consider the question . Great credit is due to Mr . Chambers for the boldness he has displayed in

      thus going to the root of tho evil , lne question ot HIRE has hitherto been most gingerly touched by all our political economists and social tinkers : Ik they have long been aware that in that question was bound up the whole of our present landed ami commercial system . Mr . Chambers , however , approaches it ; and even indicates tlw iwssibility of HIRING being dispensed with . Glorious anticipation ! May the knowledge necessary for Us realisation roll onward , even as the tide of the ocean , till not a dry bone on the beach be left untouched . With the abolition of HIRE will go slavery of body : ami till HIRE is so abolished , to talk of freedom in n » y other than a relative ov comparative sense , is io mock ourselves with high-sounding plirases—wanting tho substance .

      This subject we commend to the attention ol the workers themselves . In the above address they will find much which it behoves them to deeply consider . Let them particularly dwell on the faith and hope expressed in paragraph S ; and let them take heart , and renew their exertions to bring about the liappj ' period therein shadowed forth . The fact that siu-l ' a faith has been avowed , and such hopes given f > pvossion to , by one bo influential in his clan , oiig "'

      to inspire them with new hope , and lead to rcuouUca effort . The principles they Have given nfe «» J ' * " = to , arc thus seen making their way thruus ;! * society . They have taken root even who ™ we W cause least to expect their appearance- M * workers therefore persevere : and the new [ ih ; t ; C »' progress , —as much in advance of the p resent syfiew as the present is of serfdom , —will soon mamlbM' * Real iSDF . rEXDEXCE is the prize of their high C ! l ) llU = ; lot them labour so as to fit themselves to obtain if-^ t -- »

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      To Agents , Suuscriueus , and RicaPI ' . k ^— ' ' some time after our location in the inctroi" > I ^ we were inconvenienced by having " I ' ' ' , machined away from the printhig-onic ' ' was " set . " This arose from the ¦ machines « l had at Leeds Uaviug to be removed ami re-cre c ^ - Much disappointment to the readers was the <¦ *' sequence , both in bad printing and l « tc am \* " Another cause of delay was in having the prying and publishing office so wide apart . I-M ' io

      intended for one place were constantly sent ' other ; and all the arrangements we could maU ' " ^ not prevent mistakes arising from tins solir ^ This has determined us to concentrate om" " ^ tions . The printing machine is now at woi ' our own office ; and we have further dctcrmii - to publish there also . In future , t herefore , »«• " setting , " printing , and publishing of tlie " will be done under one roof . This will inVolvC " j change to the agents and subscribers , only j ^ addressing of their communications , anil ^ greater punctuality with which their orders can u

      €O Ixttims & Comsponawt*

      € o IXttims & comsponawt *

      The Jnoktheen Star. Satuuday, October 11, 1845.

      THE JNOKTHEEN STAR . SATUUDAY , OCTOBER 11 , 1845 .

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      ¦ THJS NORTHERN ¦ ' sfjjflu r October 11 , 1845 ,

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 11, 1845, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1336/page/4/