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Northern Star (1837-1852), 12th July 1845, Edition 1 of 3, Page 7, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      EFFECTS OF LANDLORDISM Ef IRELAM ) . " j ! OLLT JIACUKE . " Our readers will remember the awful murder eoniissritt ! two or three weeks since , ou the ncrsou of a Mr . Doom , a magistrate of the county Cav . v . i , Irca'aiuL In announcing the munlcr , tlie h-isli Prolaxtaa papers asserted tkit the victim was sia : n kenuc lie was a l ' rofestant , thus imputing ihe crime : o lie Human Catholic body . Ou llie other hand lie Cailmlie jispcrs—or at least one paper—the J-Ki-. Vii J-Vvoisaij ' -s Jvumcd , insimiaieu luai thcUoodsjiiilcr w « s a Protcsfcuit , auiliug , that tiic deed of lorror Lsd been iien * traicd to cast odium on the Csil : oiie party , and excite the veiigeaiiec of tliclr intpewttis . Tlia assertion of the Protestant papers , c&nuiug the crime to the Catholics , we believe to

      la false , and the assertion of the Fnemtofs Journal we believe to be not less false , and still more disgraceful , because tlic writer could not have had the least £ uih in the truth of his assertion . We believe the trail ! is , that religion or politics had nothing to do r ail : the munler . For sonic time past there Las csifieJ iailic counties of Cavan , Leltrlu :. Fermanagh , 2 : 1 a Rystoiainon , a secret combiu&iicn , known as the "iiolly ilanar- ; " ? ystcin ; that is , landlords and kIict pcrsoiw who rc-udcr themselves obnoxious to tx-inXisaisiryarc-iniiraidatcil , or assassinated , in the 2 ? . 2 iie of a isj ^ tcnaiis personage whose fatal missives are zhixd 'O . IoLy jl . -jguire ; " just as during the iunijikc * iUstuibituecs in Wales , toll-houses wcr « elestrovctl , i ^ l eb-ucaous jnirsonages punished , by a secret coia-!)" : ; ia ; ion sssraniug the " name of " Rebecca and her

      czuhtem . " Tiie name of " Molly Jiagulre" is as luiiieidaus as tist of " liebceca : " botk souua absurd tEou ^ li , but WCn are tlie symbals of the iniscniblc anu disciHiieuicil , iilcsaiiy confederated to punish vro w-fes . From a'i that has appeared in the I ?!* : ; ]< a : « -3 s ^^ iufi-T that Mr . Booth was no worse i _ ii ! hi ; i neighbours in his character of a landlord , kuccd he is represented to have been muclt better thai many of item ; but as a magistrate , he was zerJcss in his endeavours to put down tins " Molly Mnguires , " two of whom , it is said , he had only rcceai ' y committed to prison—hence a feeling of venccasecin all pruiability , prompted the fatal act ^ rhich iu a moment dc |> rivcd Mm of life , and branded Iu > uesiruver as a i » ias « Jcrer .

      Of conrse there 13 a cause for the iilesil comblnatk'iR ^ Mch , ci ' ucr sonic name or ether , maintain a ceaseless existence in Ireland . In vain elees tlic Jaw ' s vengeance smite the discovered members of Lcse cwuibiustious—In vain do even priests and Ucpcalere denounce their existence—these ecmuinailvES never cease . In vain the gallows r . ud the liulks are satiated with -victims—iu vain O'Coxseix k&ws and Tom Steele " pacifo . tes "—the cause of i ' ufcss combinations remains uiuuneliorak-d , and the cosi-jii ^ Ltloiis tLerefore continue TLat cause is , tin tsatumi , &etiiramw , aud tin trudtg i crpitcoicd hi Irish laidtonle upoa the hapless people over whom £ cy ™ l e « la proof of this , we call attention to the state of iliec districts , as sworn to by witnesses before the IrisL Laud Comniission .

      I 12 the evidence taken at ^ irginia , comity Cavan , in July , 1811 . we find it sworn by Henry M'Quade , a 20-aerc fanner , residing in KHHsikcre , that he , with fiiity-six or fifty-seven other tcnauts , widiout reckoning * cjtters , v ; cre served with ejectments from their icECiacnis at the expiration of tLeir leases , in May , 3 S 53 . Tiiev had cscli made considerable improvements a short time before the ejectment ^ on the understanding that they wets to got renew ; J leases ; yet their hmds were set over their heads to a middleman , alll ' - oagh they had sent in proposals , and ofiL-red to pay any reasonable rent that might be laid

      on tae lauds . They were anxious to liol « , at : r . iy rent , under xiic ixtsiil landlord , whom tfit > ' had never seen . They Emlc-ntoc-u his name was Major Xorth , auuthcy apiused to tha agent to learn his address , that they isikhnuakc their proposals to himdhfcf , but il . e * information was refused . Tlicy then wrote to a club in Loudau , of which they supposed him a meni'xr ; they wrote to the "War-office , auc to the lioaru of Ordnauce , but they conid get no account of any suck person as iiajor Xarth . They tlien by subscnpiion eiEuloyvd a depuuitior . to go to England to endeavour to find luia out , if he was in existence ; lmt ail to no cfiVtt . The matter was not finally

      dedued at tie date 0 : the witness 6 esaiuihation . —&e Evidence , J \ : n 11 , jTo . SIC . 3 Ir . rinur Smith , of Aitina , near Stradonc , deposed that , but , few lesses are now granted . The tcusnis Jcpend much en loan funds and local usurers , bull : of wiuch aix ; bad , the latter chaining from 4 s . to 5 s . \ icr p . "UJ ;« iniert * :. A similar state of tliiugs is described as existing in Fermanagh . la the county of Roscommon . Mr . Jrancs McGxmn . of Sheep-walk , grazier and landa ^ eat , says—There is a system of paying rci-t by bills in this district . The bill is passed for three mesilis , addin lVoin Gio 10 per cent interest- iiie Sffialier tenaBts depcud upon loan funds andiOCal usurers . The former are ruinous , charging an inienstofnearlv 20 per cent ,, raid causing au

      immense loss of time . The local usurers charge 2 o per cent ; ra ; t is recovered from defaulters by driving and by tjectmeut . In many cases arrears of loug Etandiug are held over the tenant . There has been mueL consolidation of farms in oixlcr to make £ 10 frcckthdcis—when a townknd happened to be out of lease fire or six who were monicd men were selmed , they got tLc land and the poor people had to go , and they uere located in bogs , without any remuneration . " 'flic resort in the country was—that many of them died of aTbrokcn heart . The witness knew inaaaccs of it—not of a , breken heart , but they « iiea m Lk ntjih ' xrjrhood , beiug obliged to leave ineir warm csbius and baild houses on the road side . Come we nex t to tLc labourers . In the county of Cavau it is sworn that their waiits are but Si . a daj

      without iood . In Fermauagh from Sd . to 10 d . a lay . In Kteoomiaoa fraa "

      in such a state that it would hardly be believed . As a medics ] maa , he is obliged to visit tLeir houses , and thus sets what ofter gentlemen cannot—they have no bedsteads , thev arc Ivinc on a auall quantity of straw , or rushes , without bed covering—not «« Vtaulit cwrng six . When fever sets in , the whole j family generally take it . Latterly Lord Leitrim has cot up a fever " hospital—and though it docs much goedjitisinsnfiicknt . This he deposes to be the general condition of the labouring classes . Their oic-t is never better thanpotatGesandmilk in summer —in winter 00 milk , bnt they sometimes got a ieniBg , or st-rabonf thev cc-ns : < li-r wLoltsome , but lausi-lv liiey arc not aMe to cet it—fanners lioldmg

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      two acres orthereabouts are better off—there is « enerahy a bedstead resei-ved for the old couple , the rest sleep on the ground . To this state of things he attributes the fever that prevails to a frightful extent in the eouutrr . What a mass of misery is detailed in the abovefew extracts , 'flic fanners subjected to a r « nt of from r , ? - percent , above the government valuation , lo 1 make up this rent compelled to have recourse to wds , loan funds , or local usurers—the fiKt cliar- 'iii " <> per cent ., the second iti per cent , and the third 20 to - 25 per cent . If unable to procure thi 3 ruinous accommodation di-traint and seizure follows , and the j'oor tenant is driven to irretrievable destruction sometimes—indeed very often—the ease forms the

      rule rather than the exception—the tenant is allowed to hold his land until such time as he has made au unprofitable waste profitable , and then , to enable the iaudkii-d or middleman to get a higher and exorbitant cut , he ( the tenant ) , whose skill and labour has made the ground valuable , is ruthlessly weeded out , to die on tlic road-side of starvation . Is there any wonder there should be " Molly ilaguires V - ¦ .-And how hopelessly wretched is the lot of the labourer—Sd . a-day , 4 s . e-uak when fullv employed » o maintain himself and family He would fain lio'd a little bit of earth to grow potatoes , which is often altogether denied him , or if granted him the infamous amount of rent he is comjii-Ued to pay leaves him well nigh as bad on as if he had not tlie laud . The

      consequence is the wretchedness described bv Air Dcke , living and lying in a state of nakedness , " wlthl out decent clothing , without bedstead , without beticoveriug , pigging on straw , and vegetating on the aocui-sed potatoes . " Is tJjews any wonder , ire ask again , that there should be " Molly Maguires" ?" And despite county meetings aiid the fraternisations of Protestant and Catholic oppressors against , die oppresses !—despite the gathering of troops , tiie increase of the police-force , and appointment of extra magistrates , the system of agrarian terror of which the magistrate Booth became the victim continues . This is eufiicicntiy -hown in the fallowinj ; extract from the Times of Wednesday , contained iiAhe eommunicatien of that piper ' s Irish correspondent , and dated Dublin , Moudav : —

      STATE OF CAVAN . Although tliere are no further accounts of any acti ;; : ! uatrjiges upon Hfo or jiropei : y iu the disturbed districts , still a stoe of terrorissn is rcurtscuted to prevail to a most alarming avul ir-Uit-rio siskaawn exttnt . Several «' die k-atliug gentiy having received private and friendly hiumatiou that ilisy Mould test consult tlitir safety ty abaudoniug ( for a time at least ) their residences in ti . u ouanuy , have ynrompHs taken t ! ie Lint , anil are now litfla'lvttckisi" riifusein uudulaut tlss ntiglibourhcod ui ' DuUia . It is sircatlv to Le foart-il that sill the efforts of

      ins K'jninii Catholic tlvrsy will prove quite unavailing to r ^ ucO ; tliis dreadful state of st's : e ; y , mere than one ot tliese reverend gentlemen who had rendered themselves Suincwhat conspicuous by their de : iui : ciatious of the spreading disaneetion , having been duly cautioned bv the self-elected legis ^ aiurs to keep within the strict sphere of thi-ir sjdritual duties , as they ( the conspirators ) were tlie hett judges of matters temporal . Under such circusjsiances it is hard to cosceive what course Goverr . aic : ; t can derise , or what legislative nostrum can come at the root of a disease which wen-. s thus far to defy all reasonaule hope of cure by the old and leskiinate methods .

      Accompanying the above there is a curious document , copied from the Jt < ysi « b '« Journal , purporting to be a proclamation from " iiolly ilaguire , " from -which we give the following extracts : —Addressing '" her children , " she says , tlicrc are A Eet of men called landlords , having less regard for you than for their dogs , not carir . g if you had not enough of dry potaioi-s to eat , or a hag to cover you by nidi : ; that a heap of manure and a pig was your only properly , and a drUik of water your only beverage . I have lived w see you so reduced ; an < l ix is now too plsiu there is 110 n-drcss , for even after nil tlie fuss about the Land Commission , it now turns out to he the- greatest delusion that was ever attempted on any people . I am , my dear little ones , old enough to see lord Stanley ' s humbug bill about old (' . itches ; it now lies with yourselves , my dear little o :: es , not to starve iu the midst of plenty , and to obtain that end , and to ohtain your fond mother ' s blessing , may I tu-g of you , my dear children , to observe the following rules , viz .:

      —" 1 . Keep strictly to the land question , oy allowing no la-. idlord more than fair value tor his ' teuour . ' " 2 . Xo rent to be paid until harvest . " S . Xot even then without an abatement , where the land is too high . *' 4 . Xouudcrminmg of tenants , nor bailiffs fees to he inlt . ' ¦ 5 . Xo turning out of tenants , unless two years' rent due before ejectment served . " * •* # ' # > Iy'dear children , —I have laid down the above rules for your guidance , aud hy strictly observing them you will have tlie well wishes 01 every good man except the lii"artl ^ ss lan-Jlor *! , v . nd . l » r it you vdll be known to bfi true soils of mine but the uTateh that will violate this , mv

      parental command , inSiet on him a salutary diastisuuu-nt ; but , abuvc alJ , my dear little ones , the lanulurd that ivill treat those rules of mine with contempt , it grieves me to the heart to bid you commit mortal sin , but myjiatieuceis nearly worn out ; hut , before you do so , for God ' s sake , and my salte , take no life or limb without giving your victim three written warnings ; should ihey not he regarded , let him that loves the dangerperish in it ; but I hope none will be found so obstinate , for all the military and police under her Majesty will not save the tip of the w .-t-ich that will have no feeling for my starring children . Attend , my dcav little ones , to tl : ose rules 01 mine , and the lord will prosper your cause , which is the prayer of your affectionate mother , Molly Magl-ibe .

      MagmWs Grove , Tanih of CJoone . After this we think there can be no mistake as to what the "Molly Maguires" want , and why magistrate Looiii was assassinated . TVc shall return to this subject at the first opportunity ; iu the meantime let us ask by what right does Major Xonm claim the ownership of the land at Iullinkere ? It appears this Major Jfonin had never been seen by the tenants—had in all probability never been in Ireland—was not to be found even when sought for by a deputation sent to England for that purpose . Here is complete abrogation of the landlord ' s moral law— " property has its duties as well as rights . " The landlord exacts enormous rents from his tenants , but in return the tenants can obtain no

      sort of protection from their landlord . Is this just ? Does it even accord with the first principles of that system ou which the landlords base their pretended " rights ? " Sothinj : of the sort . Major Kokin , whoever he maybe , is a land-robber and people-plunderer , having no claim to soil or rent , save the chum of usurpation , the law of fraud and force . It aSbrds some ground for hope that a better state of things will yet be- established in Ireland when we find it acknowledged that even the spiritual humbug of the Catholic priests is beginning to be powerless to shield the oiipressurs from the vengeance of the oppressed ; and when we find the Irish mouth-piece of the "leading journal" compelled to admit that the " old and lesritimaie methods" of treating the

      disease are useless . By the " old legitimate methods " he means bayonets and bullets , the hulks and the gallows , aided by the threats o f a plentiful allowaurt of purgatory—not to say something worse—in the next world , which the Catholic priests are ever ready to belch forth to serve the cause of despotism . These good old methods , itappears , arc at a discount . "What ' s then to be done ? Why , try something " illegitimate , " something just , something in accordance with the laws of God and nature—restore tic land to the } Hoplc anddrivetheplunderingdronato honest lalmir . li this " method" was tried , "legitimate" or " illegitimate" there would . soon be au end to the reign " of " iiolly Maguire ; " King Das would no longer be able to trade on the misery of his countrymen , and 1 ' eel would set over his " great difficulty !"

      THE SCOTCU POOR LAW SYSTEM . We return to the report of tho Commissioners of Scottish l ' eor Law Inquiry . Passing by a deal of " fcclosoneal" rubbish , we come to the " commissioners * views or . the all-important question of relief to tlie able-bodied poor . 'The commissioners say—In tlie case of tlie able-bodied poor , all that humanity or even Christian philanthropy requires to be done , is . that we furnish them with the means of developing their own resources . We learn , upon an authority , which , if rightly understood and applied , is no less conclusive in political economy than in religion , and the disregard of which in any relation of human life , cannot fail to be attended with injurious results , that if a man tcill not t-orl ; nt ' iVier tliOaU lie ( at The overlooking of this

      salutary maxim in the provisions of statutes appointed to regulate the administration of charitable funds—a maiim , on the incontrovertible equity of which it were mere waste o ! time to insist—has heen proved by experience to oe productive of the most serious evils iu the social system . And no portion of society , has suffered more from the baneful effects of such negligence than the labouring classes themselves , whose interests it might at first sight lie supposed to favour . A correct apiirelieiisson of il ; e Gistlncxi ^ n above laid down , discovers to us tlie more promlotiit fcatuKl-S which , m a " Water Or less degree , as circumstance way permit , ought to characterize every system of provisions instituted for tlie relief of the able-bodied poor . It hence evidently appears that the fundamental and primary object to be constantly fcopt iu view' in the . administration of relief to this cb « s of poor is the industrious and profitable application of relief

      ¦ their own capabilities . The more any system of looks to this object , the better the provisions made by it for the conservation of the poor man ' s feelings of self , respect , the higher the stimulus which it applies to every nobler sympathy of his nature—iu a word , the more that It calls forth in Mm Use inteUectual , moral , religious , and therefore , under God , self-dependent man , by so much die nearer will it approach to perfection . They conclude their argument as follows : — At all events , while such marked contrasts subsist , nnd while the common view , which ascribes to them important bearings onsanatorymatters , has not been proved to be without foundation , we cannot hold that the greater prevalence of epidemical diseases in tlie manufacturing towns of Scotland makes out a ease for the radical sub-Tersionoftliei . resent system of Poor laws . These laws r . pjnar to bi wvll calculated for the attainment of their

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      own limited object of affording a resource to the really destitute , and of encouraging at the sarce .: ne . by the most powerful motives , industrious application wherever it is practicable ; and it does seem to us to be unwise to alter them in accordance with theoretical speculations , particu l arly when other cause * may be assigned for the evil , which , by such alteration , it is proposed to remedv It is , we apprehend , to the removal of those other cau « os in as far as it may be attainable , more especially since their removal , even if not effectual for the particular object in view , wast yet be regarded as an unmixed eood , that the a : tc : nion of the legislature ought in the first instance to be directed . On these grounds , then , we liavo come t « the conclusion : l : at , with reference at least to an Ordinary state of trade » n-l manufactures , the present Poor Laws of Scotland , if amended as we have ventured to propose , will be found sufficient for their purpose , ami , therefore , that relief to able-bodied persons from funds raised b y assessment is neither necessaw nor expedient .

      Our readers may wish to know the names of the piousgejj try who cant so beautifully on tlie scriptural injunction— "If a mem will not ivorl ; neither thvulil he eat . " Their names are Lords . Melville and l ) i : l-1 UVE . V , Mr . Home Dkuumom ) , and Air . Campbell ( ol Craigie ) , the Rev . Mr . Patrick Maofaulaxe ( of the Vest Kirk of Greenoek ) , and tlic Rev . Mr . HouruTsox ( minister of Ellon ) . That is , two Scotch peers , two Scotch landed proprietors , and two Scoteii priests . Tliere was another " commissioner , " an Lnglislnnaii , Edward Twisiletos , Ksq ., barrister , but he ( thank God !) had nothing to do with this disgraceiu . 1 report , except protesting against it as beini opposed to the evidence on wliich it is professedly fountled . It is , then , the six Scotchmen , the two peers , the two landholders , and tho two iiriests , who

      nave the exclusive honour of this disgraceful document . _ We are sorry we don't know the history of tliese six Scotcn worthies , as we doubt not the history ot each would form a rich commentary on the text they have s : o approvingly quoted . The ' name of -Melvillb—connected historically as that name ' is wit . 1 tiie conservation of State abuses and political corruption—is sufficientl y ominous to stand at the head of a body appointed to inquire into the necessity ot reformiug a rotten system . We need not comment on the " work" pa-formed by landlords and as to the " work" performed by the Rev . 1 ' at AIacfaulaxe , and the Rev . Jamie Hojibrtsox , if tho value of their work was measured by its utility , the Lord pity their hungry wames ; for precious " little would the science of gastronomy be indebted to their labours in the art of mastication . How true to their

      crait are tiitse ministers 111 labouring to " make the worse appear the better reason . " With what devotion they apply tlicmselvcs to prolong tlic Avar of classes , and perpetuate the wronss of the poor . How they prate of " God" and " religion , " the " social system , " and " man s independence "" Oh for a forty parson power To sing thy praise , hypocrisy !" V . T c arc quite willing , on behalf of the poor , to abide by the iaw of the bible , that " he that will not work neither should he eat ; " we only require that that law shall be fully and fairly carried out , in which ease there would be but little need for Poor Laws , and few would be those who would need P 001 Law relief . If the text is binding upon any one

      section ot tnc sons of Adam it is equally binding upon every other section . " In the sweat of thy brow shalt thou eat bread" was the doom passed upon Adam , but it was not said " one portion only of your children shall bear this ' curse' and all tlie rest be free from it , living upon the substance of tho workers . " This was not said ; the doom was passed upon all alike without distinction . Is the " curse " then so fulfilled ? It is not . It has followed , therefore , that those who have worked have never been able to eat the " bread" promised them as the reward of tkoir " sweat : "—or , at least , if enabled lo cam a miserable ' subsistence by their labour , that labour is so dependent upon the avaricious and scheming caprices of the privileged classes , that the working men are never for long together certain oi employment , and when employed the produce of

      , their labour is so taxed and filched from them bypolitical , clerical , and profit-inoDgcring non-prodncets as to leave them no means of storing up a provision against the time of adversity . Now , if oiiij those eat who worked , the wealth of the country would be enormously increased , the working classes would not have to support the idlers and plunderers who impudently call themselves the " better classes , " and each man enjoying the full fruits ot " his own resources , " there would—as a general rule—be no need of Poor Laws . These apologists oi wrong shouid be careful how they quote scripture ; scriptural texts arc often like two-edged swords , they cut both ways , and the Reverends Pat

      Macfahlaxe and Jamie RoukitTsox should know that " those who use the sword shall perish by the sword . " The commissioners affirm that the best system of Poor Laws is that which calls forth the industrious and profitable application of ( lie capabilities of the poor , This is true ; but to insinuate that the Scotch Poor Law system docs this , is glaringly false . Tiie wretched state of the Sutiicrlandshirc poor is proof of this . All the relief they iret amounts at the best to the means of getting a pair of shoes in wliich to go begging . Do the commissioKcrs consider begtring one of the " capabilities" of the poor ? But Sutiicrlandshire is not an exeeptionary instance , the state of its poor is—more or less modified—that of the poor of Scotland generally ; as a further illustration take tho followius : —

      Oban . —The following remarks are made by the minister , and Andrew Alikorn , M . D ., elder ;—The legal assessment for Kilmove and Kilbriile , including Olwii , was begun in October , 1841 , and discontinued in January , 1 S 42 , by the heritors , notwithstanding the most pressing destitution amongst the impotent poor ; a great many of them were very aged , and several of them bedridden , ifcc . The average sum actually distributed annually to e . u-h pauper by the kirk session for some years , excepting 1811-2 , was a fraction less than 8 s . Cd . " The ordinary poor are at all times , but particularly at present , suffering n kind of slow starvation ; and were it not for the charitable aid of a COuipai'ativoly small numbor of persons , who cannot bear the sight of fellow-creatures Starving outright hefore their eyes , this dreadful process would often he more rapid . But these individuals arc often forced to go far beyond what their means will warrant hy this system of throwing the poor upon the poor for support . "

      Mr . Duncan Maearthor . —lie farms to some extent ill the neighbourhood of Oban . His farm is so near thetown , that the poor he is in the habit of seeing chiefly belong to it . He docs not think the allowance they get from the session is ( it all sufliuicht to keep them in life . They arc chiefly supported by begging—if they were not supported in that way they must starve , as far as he can udge ; and he is-accmaiiited with the expense of every article which the poor can require . What they get from the session would not keep them in coals during winter . There arc , as it were , three classes of the poor—those who cannot go about at all , those who can go about , but cannot do any work , and those who can do a little . The first tHass are kept from actual starvation chiefly ly the second class , tdto leg fit ftai . * * * The assessment that was tried fell to the ground , from some of the heritors refusing to pay their proportions , so that it had not a fair trial .

      Andrew AMcorn , Esq . — Practised medicine nl ) 9 ut eighteen yenrs in Oban , but gave up practice some years ago . lie very frequently visited the poor upon the roll when he practised in tlie parish , aud now visits them more than ever . Not being in general practice , he lias more leisure to bestow upon them when at home . * # * * 4 Tlie bcd-riddin poor are in a very destitute state in point of diet . The allowance they get from the session cannot he intended t-o maintain them , it is so perfectly inadequate ; and tlure are very few people in Oban who are able to give in charity , and still fewer who do give . The poor who are ahle to go about hate tickets to authorise them to heg ; tlie oed-rhUlen have also tickets , and they caul their tickets round with lomofthtir neighbours , itho bring them hack what they receive on their account . The witness has taken great pains lo ascertain what a person may make by begging iu the wcek , and he lias never found any one make 7 d . Their receipts arc generally about 5 d . It is only on Saturdays they are authorised to liea by their tickets , when they get halfpence .

      There was an assessment iu the-parish for the year 18 il-i'l . The assessment was laid on in 18 « . So far as ho saw , that measure improved the condition of the poor in the town , at least , for they received an additional allowance from the poor ' s funds ; and , as they were not stoppstl from begging within the town , they had the 6 aine allowance from that source as before , or nearly so . * * # # As a proof that the poor were better off under the assessment than what they weie without it , witness nifty state that after the distribution under tlie assessment ceased , in January , 1842 , threefourilis of all ike Ved-riddtn and very destitute pavptrt died within three or four months of that time .

      The parish authorities did not take care that the poor people who were unable to do for themselves were attended to . Tlicy never inquired after them to see what condition they were in . * * " ' * A poor woman , Efty M'Culloch , lived with a brother , a shoemaker , seventy years of age , almost as poor as herself . She was so poor that the lay upon thejloor , on alitUe straw , fir ( ftirtttll tWfcS < Wt her death-led , during wliieU period , being from the time of tlie stopping ; of the distribution under the assessment till her death , she received only 2 s . ( id . from the parish .

      Here is shewn the working of the system which , according to the commissioners , " appears to be well calculated to afford a resource to the realty destitute , and encourage , at the same time , industrious application wherever practicable ! " In the aboveevid e-nee « e find the poor doomed to subsist on 8 s . 6 d . a-ycar , about two-peucea-teetk , with the privilege of begging . The heritors " repudiated" the miserable assessment ofsevenpencein the pound on "the real rental , and , as a consequence , tlie poor were left to " sl « w starvation ; " the bed-ridden left to beg by proxy ; "au old woman suffered to lie upon tlie floor , on a . little straw , for thirteen weeks on Ac » - dc . uh-hcd , during which time she had the sum of 2 s . 6 d . from the parish ; and "three-fourths of all the bed-ridden and . very destitute paupers" were killed off by starvation within three or four months ! Is it in Scotland or is itin Hell where these murderous enormities are permitted ? Alas ! there is no mistake , it h in Scotland , tLat stronghold of Calvinistic cant ; in Scotland , that

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      boasted seat of enlightenment and " heddikashun ;" it . ' 3 in that country of saints and " fcelosofers , " that the poor are wna tled , from the soil , made outcasts from society , and left to pc : i > < m twopence : wveek ; and such men as priests Macfauuxu and RonEitisoN give their approval of the system , affirm it works well , " and declare that to make amchange ( except for the worse ) would be the " wantonness 01 innovation !" Undoubtedly a system which would enable the poor to 11 ft themselves from tlic abyss of pauperism liy the profitable application of their own capabilities' would be tho best sort of Poor Law ; but the commissioners propose nothing of tiie sort , thev Minply content themselves with comino- to tlic ccmdiHion that " relief to able-bodied persons from funds raised by assessment is neither necessary nor exnedient . "

      The cqiitsiuptible " amendments" suc'sestct ! by the commissioners it is not necessary we should examine , as most of-them are embodied in the bill at present under the consideration of the legislature ; these socalled " amendments" we can therefore better discuss when considering that measure . One , however , of the commissioners'" amendments , " to wliich practical effect will bo given b y the Lord Advocate ' s bill , the takins from the poor tho right of appeal from the decision ot the parochial managers as to the amount ot allowances , is so daring airf infamous an act of advtsed wrong- , that we feel called upon to make special refcrsnee to it . The report says : — The fixing the amount of allowances is a matter which requires the knowledge of so many local details , so manv potty circumstances , upon uiiieh upei'son at adUtaneJ , ignorant of the real situation of the pauper , can with difficulty obtain accurate information , that it is , of all others , the point on which the parochial board alone am competent to come to a correct 'decision .

      Our own views are so opposed to any court of appeal as to the amount of allowances , that , instead of invcstiii " any new tribunal or board with jurisdiction in such mat " ters , wo are inclined to suggest that tho appeal to the Court of Session , the competency of which has been tii > clared only by a very recent decision of that Court , shouid be taken away . . Many of those who advocate . 1 power of appeal do not hesitate to avow their objections to the Court of Session as the court of review . In the opinion of tiiose persons , to deprive the Court of Sessiou of its jurisdiction in such cases would be rather desirable than otherwise ; and it must be obvious that most of the objections to the judge ordinary or local magistrates apply with greater l ' urcu to the judges of the Court of Session . They must have greater difficulty in informing themselves of the 1 eal situation of flic party ssckinjj relief , ami in ascertaining tlic circumstances of the particular loealitv .

      On tliese grounds , we have come to to of opinion , That it is not desiraV . e that there should he any appeal fror . i the decision of the parochial mamgers us to ( Its amount of aUaiainees . We arc compelled , by want of room , to let the above pass for the present without comment . When we come to describe more fully than we have hitherto ( lone the nature and details of tho Lord Advocate ' s bill , we shall shew the " artful dodsring" means the Scotch lawyer has employed to give practical effect in his bill to the shameless suggestion of tiie commissioners .

      It is somo consolation for us Southerners , that the only Englishman amongst the commissioners refused his signature to the report , and protested asainst all its leading features . Tho report , therefore , " is not a report of the commissioners , but of six Scotchmen , all interested in upholding the existing system , or in making bad worse . The cold-blooded doctrines put forth in this report , sanctioned by Scotch lords , Scotch landholders , and Scotch priests , arc , wu rejoice to know , unsanctioncd by the name of any Englishman . How much longer- will the- people o " f Scotland be content to be the tlupos and victims ol the accursed doctrine that the poor have not a ri « ht

      to subsistence 111 the land of their birth ? If tinware really , the intelligent people they assume to be , let them show that they too—as well as lords and priests—know how to read the text , "He that will not work , neither should lie eat . " By a reference to our Parliamentary intelligence , it will be seen that amongst the governmental measures Sir Robert Peel ' s determined to press this session , is the Scotch Poor Law Bill . The people of Scotland , therefore , have no time to lose , if they would procure the amendment of a measure which has been truly described as " an artful contrivance for giving power to the powerful , and throwing additional bimlcHS on the oppressed poor . "

      IRISH TENANTS' COMPENSATION BILL . Our readers will perceive that this bill meets with great opposition in tho House of Lords , who are also a house of landlords , many of them bein ? also Irish landlords . Had the bill been better , mid more practicable than it is , this opposition would have been the . same . The truth of tho mutter is , tlic Irish landlords have , for centuries , considered their tenants as mere serfs ; and any step to rescue them from this state of vassahigo they very naturally consider , and call , an "invasion of the rights of property ; " they being the only authorities as to what these rights really are . We , for our parts , consider the introduction o ' f this bill into Parliament an important point ; not because we deem the bill a good one practically , but because it embodies in a ministerial bill , for the first time , a great principle . In itself , as a practical measure ,

      the bill will tail . It cannot be worked , if passed . — A . law to render rent not recoverable , except under a lease of a long date , would have been infinitely better , because it would secure tlie tenant the ben ' ciit of Ins outlay , and need no machinery . * But as embodying a great principle , this bill , we affirm , is a highly important one . 'When brought in , the mover stated " , in plain term ? , that the "monster evil" of Ireland M-as " oven rorotATiox . " This he distinctly stated at setting out . lie is right—it is so ; and this bill he described as being one means to cure that evil of " over population , " inasmuch as it would « o to "better the condition aud means of living" of every holder of land in Ireland , from the large fanner to the poor holder of an acre or two . Here , then , we have this truth at last admitted and enunciated in Parliament , that the way to check " surplus population" is not to starve a people , but to feed them : to turn poor living into better living ; to change a potatoc and water diet into one of bacon and of beer . Here we have

      tossed overboard , for the first time , in open Parliament , the absurd , blasphemous , and most ignorant assertion of Malthus , that the more food a people have , the faster thev will increase ; and that the onl y cheek to this terrible state of things are vice , misery , absolute starvation , or the forbidding of marriage , and the denial of relief to all poor persons , who may have married , and had children , ' and ultimately come to want . Having the opposite principle as a basis ( for , upon this foundation , this bill was put when brought before the Legislature ) , we hail it as a great step towards better and wiser ways of thinking on this important subject . As a practical measure , we repeat , wo foar it is a more nullity : and wo do not boliovo it can ever become law , or , if it did , be anything better than a mere dead letter . In so far , however , as it lias been the occasion for the acknowledgment in Parliament , that the way to cure " surplus population" is to better the living of the people , and not to starve them , it has already done good service , and as such we notice it . —Time Mercury .

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      Destruction' oi ? a Distillery by Fire near Croybon ' . —Shortly before nine o ' clock on Saturday night , the herb distillery of Mr . J . Arthur , situate on Waddon Marsh , " near * Croydon , was destroyed by fire . It appears that almost simultaneously flames were discovered by several persons bursting from the body of the building , a considerable wood erection with an admeasurement of CO feet by 30 , and in a very few minutes the whole place was in a blaze . There being at the time upon the premises several hundred gallons of spirit and a considerable quantity of essential oil , &c ( amounting in value to not less than £ 1500 ) , the fury of the fire was considerably enhanced ; and before any assistance could be procured the whole of the contents anil the building were destroyed , or

      rendered useless . The total damage is not precisely known ; but at a moderate calculation it is estimated that it will reach £ 2000 . How the fire ori ginated is not known . Seriovs Affray in Liverpool . —Yesterday afternoon the inhabitants of the lower end of Dale-street , Byrom-strcet , Great Crosshall-strect , Lace-street , Fontcnoy-street , and the various other streets wliich intersect that densely . pjipulated locality , were kept in a state of great commotion by a inob \\ vuiehUjid assembled and attacked a body of Orangemeii'MK appears that Orangemen to thonumber , ofdotWli been walking in procession at the furieraKqft > g £ ceased brother . The funeral { proceeded frpmMe Bird-street , Toxteth-park , the residence , bfethe ^ ceased , to St . Mary ' s Cemetery ; and , afteMKeTdl

      ceased had been interred , theiprocessionawstetutniM to the Park by Scotland-i-oafr , B yiom-sti-eet ^ aa ^^ believe , Dale-street . The OivanS ^ Mn ^ cprnpolingpi wore black sasY . es , tied , in soiniHu « affiaBsSi&'tlis ; € BQi | with orange ribbons . - "When tlfe ^ d ^ MiifSiro of Great Croeshall-sticet , the ciwvd ^ felili ^ pl accompanying them down Scotj ^ id- ^^^ pH ^ ably reinforced bytliclrislmienresW ^ i ^^ tlBetand other low streets in tlmtihcighl ^^ p ^| lie Irishmen appear to have been 1 the ^ a |^ j ^^ fer 1 . exasperated , no doubly * the & ! % Mj ^ fflffiffi' ribbons . "A .- stone wasijajiown , and ' thenTi ^ voney of stones followed . Th |©|« ingcmen , who were walking : two and

      deep , , were ply accompanied byalfout sixteen policemen , . imhttfllately halted andmade an attempt to repel theiipsailants . In this they were ; to a c , ertdinextent \ u 6 cessful , for they drove them up some ¦ ogthc adjacent streets , with the assistance of ? he police ^ The uproar , however , drew large bodies of other Irishmen to the spot , and the mob , having in this way regained strength and courage , made' tho Orangemen , after a vigorous resistance , fly before them . w § have been assured by * the policemen and others who witnessed tho mdee , that stones and brickbats wereflyingabout as thick ashaU'duringlthegreater part of the affray . Happily , no life was lost on tho occasion , and the injuries , so far as we could ^ ascer tain , were very low . Mr . Superintendent M'Douald

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      received a very severe blow of a stone on the leg , ami had to be conveyed home in a car . Inspector Bibby was struck in the jaw ; aud two or thrco of the force were wounded slightly in tlie upper part of the head . When th ? «!» Vny had * lasted about half an hour , tho Orangemen were induced quietly to make the best 01 their way home through same of the by-streets leading towards Loiulou-roail ; and Mr . Dowling , and very shortly after Superintendent Leverett , Saving eoin « up with strong detachments ot the police force from the neighbourhood of the decb , the mob were overawed , and all active disturbance was from this moment at an end . Besides t ! ic injuries a ' roadv

      mentioned , severs ) panes of g lass were broken , ami part of a shop sign was carried away bv the force with which the stones wore thrown . J *? r . Dow ' . inc continued until ayout lull-past eight iu the evening la perambulate a lame section ol the constabulary force in the streetsin tlie vicinity , which weivdensely crowded by the lower classes ; but- about that hour a heavy shower of rain fell which disnereod them 10 thoir homes without much trouble " or delav . We shouid not omit to mention that three ' Roman Catholic clergymen aiso remained in the neighbourhood during thu evening , and used their exertions to itliay the excited i ' ecliiigs of the people . —Liverpool Albion , Moudav .

      A 1-ikrmax Execctiox . —Stuttoaud , Junk 20 . — During tiie last ten years there has no ! , been any capital execution in our city . The day before yesterday tiic sc . tffoid was erected fur the decapitation of a young woman named Margaret Rudhardt , who was sentenced to death fov poisoning her husband with arsenic . This act of supremo justice was marked by n strange incident , : —The execution hero takes place with a sword . The culprit is placed on his hunts , with a white handkerchief over his eyes ; otiGoft ' ne executioner ' s assistants then lies do \ vu before the culprit , seizes him with his two hands by Cue Hhighs , and keens him immovably fixed io the ground " , whilst another holds him by thu hair , and draws his head back , so that the muscles of tiic neck be extended , when the executionerwith liis swordwhich he

      , , Si-asps with both hands , cuts off the head . At the moment when the latter was about to inflict tho fatal blow on Marsarct Hudhavdt , a man rushed through the compact crowd that "Stintumdcd the scaffold , crying out in a stentorian ' voico , "Stop stop ! " and waving at the tamo time over his head a white handkerchief . The executioner instinctively dropped hisarm , his aids loosened theviclim , removed the bandage fVom . her eyes , and Marsiaret Kudhardt , who during those awful prenniT . tions ' hiid exhibited a good deal of calmness , 10 .-0 smiling , for the unhappy woman , as well as tlie cx . ecntioncf and everybody , — including the recorder ot' tho Royal Court of St ' nttgard , who was on the platform dnuvinsr un the

      minutes of tlio execution , —believed ilsat she had been pardoned . This , however , was not the case . The author of tlie incident was arrested , and it was soon discovered that he had been an old servant of Margaret Rudhardt ' s father , who imagined that , by interrupting the execution , it would be ' retarded , and that the daughter of his former master would then have a chance of obtaining her pardon . After an interval of half an hour , wliich was a painful respite for Margaret ; Kudhardt , she was again obliged to kneel , and justice had its course . The crowd , although much moved by the spectacle , observed tho greatest order , and shortly afterwards silently dispersed .

      DREADFUL THUNDER STORMS . Terrific Storm in Birmingham . —On Sunday night this town and neighbourhood were visited by one of the most terrific tempests which have occurred in the recollection of the oldest man living . Nothing like it has happened since the memorable ni g ht preceding the death of George IV . About half-nast -eight o ' clock distant thunder was heard in the west , and in the course of half an hour the tempest set in in right good earnest . The lightning , followed by crashes of thunder , was of the most awful description ; while the rain , which fell in torrents , threatened to deluge the whole town aud neighbourhood . In Smallbrook-stveet , Dudley-street , Dart ' ord-strect , llca-strcet , Digboth , the lower parts of Dcritcnd , and other parts of the borough , the effects of the storm were most serious to the occupiers and owners of property . Some of the streets , in consequence of the height of the flood , were rendered altogether

      impassable In many of . them the water was middle deep , and in more than one instance life was endangered in attempts to preserve property . It . is calculated that some of the tradesmen , in the lower parts of the town ( in particular grocers ) must have lost to the amount of hundreds of pounds by the sudden and destructive inundation . The devastation occasioned by this awful tempest was not confined to Birmingham . It extended miles around the town . At Mo ::-c ! ey , Ilarboce , Kinst ' s-lieath , Salt-ley ,, ITaiulsworth , and other hamlets in the viehuty , the like consequences wore felt . It is stated , moreover , that at StuiUcy and Redditcli , in the innncliate licigliboiirhood of tho sent of Sir Francis Goodricko , still more disastrous consequences have resulted . The truth of tills statement I cannot at present ascertain ; but it is satisfactory to know that a&Birmingham , although much property is destroyed , iiolife has been lost . This fortunate result is so far a matter of congratulation .

      Awi-ul _ Storm at Nottingham . —On Sunday night last Nottingham and its vicinity was visited by one of the most extraordinary storms which have happened for a considerable number of years past . The weather during the day had been , on tho whole , very fine ; and there was a total absence of that oppressive closeness which is usually the precursor of thunder . At a little before sunset there was scarcely a cloud to be seen , but shortly afterwards a dense mass gathered near the south-western horizon , and flashes of sheet-lightning streamed forth in quick succession . As the darkness advanced , these electric discharges followed each other still move rapidly , until at length the heavens from the north to the south were completely illumined as with fireworks . At about ten o ' clock it commenced raining ; and the shower , which lasted till nearly eleven , was one of

      the most heavy known for a long period . The lower parts of the houses in Narrow-marsh , the Meadowplats , and other similar situations , were completely deluged , and the damage clone will amount to several hundred pounds at the least . A double brick wall at Messrs . pusher ' s factory was washed down , and other similar injuries are quite common in various parts of the surrounding country . At the Milton ' s Head Inn , on the Derby-road , a man named Alfred Greenwood , of Radford , was struck blind . A surgeon was instantly fetched , who bied him and administered other remedies . He was soon after removed home , and since then to the General Hospital , where he has received the unremitting attention of the first medical practitioners in the town . We understand that he has since been enabled to see a little , and that hopes are entertained that his sight will be ultimately

      restored to mm . Tsiinmo Tiiusdeh-storm in "WoncESTjiitsninE , —An awful thunder-storm visited tho county of Worcester on Sunday last ( July G ) , and did a great deal of damage to the agricultural produce . The storm apr peared to come from the south-west , whence dark masses of clouds floated , hurried over the . land , deluging the earth with rain and hail . Tlic lightnimi flashed continuously , and peals of thunder succeeded in terrific rapidity . The storm was most severe about tho eastern boundary of the county ; and at Evesham and Pershore great damage was done to the garden crops , the corn , grass , &c , By the bail , which fell very heavily . A great number of trees were levelled to the ground by the sweeping hurricane which accompanied the storm , and there has been

      very considerable destruction of glass in tho hothouses , conservatories , and private dwelling-houses . Next day the- rivers of the county—the Severn , tho Avon , and the Teme—rose considerably from tlic effect !; of the previous day ' s storm . \ Vc have not heard of the loss of any lives . Thunder Stohm . —About twenty minutes to four o ' clock on Monday morning the town of Erith was visited by a rain and hail storm , accompanied by thunder , wliich greatly alarmed the inhabitants . At the time mentioned the thunder was heard at a distance , and as it approached was accompanied with large drops of rain . In tlic course of a fetv seconds a shower of hailstones descended , which continued from five to ten minutes , and was immediately followed by torrents of rain . The hailstones in some

      places were the size of marbles , and did an immense deal of damage amongst the hot and green houses . In Lcrd Save and Sele ' s grounds there were upwards of . 4000 panes of glass broken , and the frjit damaged which will cost from £ 200 to £ 300 to repair . TlIUKfiEn AND ILVIL-STORM IN DORSKTSHIIiE . — On Sunday-cthe 6 th inst ., about half-past five in the aftejjipon , a , violent thuj ^ er-storm , attended with a JMJ * * 4 a " of hail , or-rattier , iceiitook place in the il 4 MF llowl of Ff ^ ftM&hd Sydling St . yMnolas , m the county of'MhsSbSThc lumps of ice gp-aged , perhaps , auout ^ ffiSfi in diameter , but | | & W ' e ma . ny of a . muMjS&efsize ; and one was Measured , which was upjwris flpwo inches across in iloH

      , ^ gest part . They wc&yerjyvregular in shape , generally resembling the faiitastio . &rms wliich glass siSjapt to assume when- run through n , fire , some oi Shorn presenting a surface ofjnggod spikes , and others ! pf small globules , like common hailstones partially melted and then frozen together again . Tlic force with which they fell did not appear to be very great , and ss their fall only continued for a few minutes , but little damage resulted from it . , - Thiwder Stohm at Jobk . — . On Thursday week York and its neighbourhood- wero visited with a violent thunder storm , accompanied by very heavy rains . An ash tree was struck by lightning at Sand Hutton , and a cow , which was sheltering under it , was killed on the spot . A considerable quantity of Bark was stripped on the tree .

      Tempest is Suffolk . —This town and neighbourhood were on Sunday last visited with a severe tempest , whieh commenced about ton o ' clock in the evening . At Monks Eleigh the lightning set fire to a barn , the property of tho latb' Mr . Strutt , which , we understand , was completely , destroyed . About a hundred and twenty coombs of wheat in straw were consumed . The Brent ; Eleigh , and Bildcstonc engines were quickly upon tho spot , and by 'their timely assistance prevented any further damage boint done . ¦¦ . -.,-

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      London Corn Exciuscb , Monday , Jcly 7 . —Tap arrivals of wheat coastwise were small last week , wud those of English barley and oats very scanty . I- ' rora Scotland the receipts ' of all article were triilics ' , kit from Ireland a fair quantity of oats Mine to hiijitl . Of beans and peas the supplies were of tho 5 : ; & « limited character as has bi'en the caso for somo v . n \ e back . From the Cmitinent osiy a iiioi ) eraiCM [ ur . > nl ; y of wheat , hj- irijy , and a-. ts was received , : uul rvMta ( Jiiiiada u'JOl ban-els lloui . At this nionuii ^ ' js msricct tnerc was a scanty sluwof wheat by laud CRVftsj . - ^ ii-om tlio iionvo couiiiics ; ( ifiwi- ' ey , be : m- , ana reiis the display of -samples was tril'fmr . and there < vere not m : vny oats iVo .-: ir up . The weather l \ x < been bs ; fc and lorwiig since i ' riday , wliiuh has some iniiuouveiKi business at- . \ hn 4 r-lam' to-day . Wheat was taken ftff with caution , and notwithstanding theshorttsess «" ' ; 'fae quantity on sale , factors were uimblotoobE ^ i ! hifhi . T

      [ trices than on ilmmay last , the triiliu » ii-ioiovoiikat o . Wednesday iwinpr barely maintained . ' In free foreign wheat there was scarcel y anyihin- ' doinf , afid quotations remained nominall y unaltered . liV ^ 'd parcels were also neglected . " l- 'itiur hun * r . ther neavily on luui . l , but sailers remained linn , -m > A ± b sales made- were at previous prices . Tiiw hvjojvy for barley was of a strictl y retail character , ' . mi though the tendency was upwards , prices wes nnt actually higher than on this day se ' nni-ht , Mais was taken to « moderate extent at former Mites . The prineijial dealovs knight oats very cautiously , exr » t-tiiik'touo boiler when tho lay days clVmie iffiho amyous lately received from Ireland nnd abroad ^ tjill have expired . The trade was consequently dull . at prices quite 0 d . pcrqr . below thosecurrciitu-. i ' Monuay last . Leans and peas , though not much sought ;>; f ; er , commanded fully former rates . Canavyseou was fecld with more iirmness . In other kinds ofseed tuiao was very little passtner .

      CURRENT TRICES OF GUA 1 N , PER IMi'EKIi £ . QUAllTKlt .-JCi-iliW .. s s s a Wheat , Efsux , it- Kent , new & uiil red 44 50 ' . Vmte v . t * 6 KoWiilknuA Lincoln . ... tie 45 50 Ditto M SS Xorilwm . and Scotch white J 4 4 S Fine VJ S 3 Irisk rod old 0 0 Rail 44 45 Wiiite -iS 49 R > ' < - * Old SI - i-2 Xcw 2 D 3 (> ? . wt < . Si 35 Uarloy Crinding . . 25 . ' 7 Dh . til . 28 SO :. f « it . ! U 33 Malt UiMwn .... Si » H l '; t ! a 55 59 > V ; , rf ) co 63 Bcuns Ticks old & now 3 fi 37 Harrow K 8 88 i'iroov 11 42 1 > eils Gnjy 35 : ; S Maple 37 MS IVWie ? . 3 4 » OatB Lineohis & Yorkshire Feed 22 21 V-Mwu 21 26 Scotch An . itus 23 23 1 V :: «« 26 29 Irish White -jo ; » r . i .: ck SI ' £ I ' m- 2 » lll ) . net . s s l \ -r 280 Ik i-el . s a low : < -i ! i : uli ! Flour ... 43 tf , Xerfoifc it Stui !""" 33 M Ussej ; and JCtut .... S 5 S 3 Irish S 3 36

      true . Bi > ufl « Forciqn , as » g , Whoat , Dantsie , Koiii ^ liurg , &c , -, (; o , ; o 43 Mark ? , MecklesiUui-g i-j si gj 40 Danish , Holatein , and Frieslaud ved i i 56 28 3 S Russian , Hard 44 40 Soft . . . ¦! 1 16 'its SO Italian , P . ud . . 47 48 White ... 01 52 82 35 Spanish , . Hard . 4 G 48 Soft . . . . -ih r » 3 SI 34 H , Te , Haltio , Dried . ... 28 go Umh-icd . . : 'i . SO i ! 2 24 Hurley , Grinding . 24 20 Halting . . 23 82 1 !) 24 hutiw , TMm . . S 4 SO Egyptian . Si 35 23 33 Peas , White . . 37 3 'J iiiiyle . . : ii 37 25 40 Oats , Dutc }) , Bran- aud Thick 2 i 25 20 31 Russiau ifcud •_> $ 22 14 16 Jiur . isli , rvwslaud feed . ' . -: o 22 14 17 Flour , per barrel 20 2 ? 19 21

      Londo . v SismiFiKiD Oattlk Makkut , Mo-day , Juy 7 . —In tlic vast week thu imports of liw stock Iroin abroad for oiirnmiktulmvc been ayah I'Xicr . HVC , tla-y having amounted to 20 oxen pev the Mr . Null , iroiu liniiiburg ; UOuxcnami cows per the Giu . fTe , liatavia , and Ocean steamers , from Ketim !; : m ; while 20 oxen liavo arrived at Sout { :: u » .: p . on ticm Spain , ami 20 Uoxoi > . from Iiaiubv . vg and Uviuulam , at Hull . The fact of fresh iiiiiiortiiiioiis iakiiij ; llace lrom Spain lias naturally attracted iimoli ci the curiosity of the glaziers and others to ascertain ia

      what condition they have come to hand ; we Lave to observe , therefore , that the Spanish beasts t « tiler this niomiiig , in number 13 , were of very middling quality , and as such , were disced of at comparatively low fi gures . As to the stock fiom lk . mUug , it was by no means lirst-rate , but the oxen and coms from Rotterdam were very » ood and useful animals , and lound buyers at , we should inmsiise , remiu . cuitive quotations . The bulloik drovts , "" iri-sh up fruit out various grazing districts , were somcwVisa in tho increase , though by no means seasonably h \ n : e . In

      quality—as we some time since stated would le the case about this period—there was a decided hup-ovo ment ; indeed , wo may oUeivc that ihe Lasts , pumiiy speaking , wore in no way deficient in their handling points ; while not a few of them were i . eavy weighers . In consequence of tiic invv : iijjj : jf warm weather , and the thin attendance oi ih c tnuii-, the dcn-. ai . d i ( . rj : !! hinds of but" was heavy , at a incline h ; lie r : ; lt !> cLtaiiicd on Monday last of < ii ; he Lil per Sib , —the ] iriii ; tst Scots selling with difficulty at < is id to is Oii per Sib , ami ; i clriireuuc w ; . s not ofieeltd . Imoim Norfolk , tufiolU , Kts > .-s , and Cambridgeshire , we rectived 5 G 0 Si-ois , uiraLrcds , ami short-horns ; from the lurih of Eiijslaui , 300

      short-herns , ttc ; Iran the western rani midland districts , 400 Ikrcfwds , runts , Ik von s , &L-. ; from oilier parts of England , -lJOu ! various luxes : and from Scotland aid horned and pellet : Sects . From Norfolk and the north of England , iiidudiiij : Leicestershire , thu receipts of .-hccj ' were on tie inutau ' , and of somewhat imiiovcd quality . Fumi the er . usca before mentioned the mutton trade was in a very siipish sMc , and ];; st week ' s prices wie with ( lniicttlty supported . The r . uir . ler of lain Is v . as not lartc ; -while the tomb trade uilcil brisk at fully , but at nothing quotable heyor . d the cunciicies obtained on this day se ' nnight . Calves were in g ood SYii- ] -ly , hut met a dull inquiry , at barely stationary j . rites . In pigs only a limited business was doinir . " vei the rates tverc supported . " '

      By the quantities of 81 b ., sinlting the oS ' si . t < . 9 > ti . =. d « inferior coarse beasts ... So 3 fi Bmmd quality ... . as 3 10 I nme large oxen .... 4 & 4 a Pniao Scots , ifcc 4 i 4 6 Co : U'es inferior sheep ... Si 36 Second quality .... 38 i 4 l ' nmc cop . rsc woci ' tlod ... 48 18 rrimu Southdown . . . i io 5 0 I-ii'ibs 5 0 fi 0 Lsii'tjc toarse c-alvcs . ... ; : s 44 1 ' iimc small .... . i 6 4 II Suckling calvss , *« ch . . . IS 0 CO 0 Large Iiojjr go 3 8 Feat small pwkors . . . a 10 4 3 Quarter-old store pigs , ea « h . . 1 C 0 20 0

      HEAD OF CATTLE OK SA 1 E . ( From tlio Books of tlio Clerk of tlic MarVtJ ) Beasts , 2 , 500-Sheop and Lambs , 28 , 540-Cul-vts . 2 S 0—Pigs , l' 8 O . Richmosd Corn Market , Satubjmy , i i ; it -5 . —17 c had a thin supply of grain in our market to-day , anel the sale only dull . Wheat sold from IU . taTs . Od . ; oats 2 s . !) d . to 3 s . -id . ; barley 3 s . Od . to 4 s .: bcang 4 s . Cd . to -Is . 9 d . per bushel . Maxcijkstkr Corn Maiiket , SATunr-AT , Jci . t 5 . - * Ihe weather thromjimitthcwceli lias k'tii exceedingJy showery and unsettled , which circur , ! ht :: nee caused

      some appn-nensions ot injury to the crm . s . 'l'here was , in consequence , more disposition shown to purchaso flour , and a fair amount of busijiess was transacted in that article , at an improven : e :. c on The previous currency . Oats nnd oatmeal wwu but iu moderate request , viihout chaupe in vfi ' iie . The weather proving h ' nc during onr warlictiliis iiif ; i ning- , there was not much activity in thi > inq-uii-y for wheat , holders , nevertheless , ( irmly ilemamlctl an advance of 3 d . to dil . per 70 lbs . on the ; .- = io .- ; of this day sennight , and we raise our quotations aeuunlinely . l'leur , on the contrary , met a tolerably free sale , and prime fresh qualities readily realised an mneudmenfc of fully Is . pa- sack . Both oats and oatmeal iroved otr rather slowly , but no change in nviees can bo noted .

      ^ Liverpool Coit . ^ Market , Moxdat , Ju . t 7 . —• ihe arrivals of grain , meal , and flour this week comparatively arc . small . On Foreign beans the duty ia reduced to 4 s . Od . per quarter , wliich forms the only alteration since our last report . The weather during the week lias been of a variable character . " \ V « : liaye had frequont lieavr showers with strong wijias , and two or threo days fine and warm . Our wtutni trade has consequently derived more firmness , anil , iuiving somo buyers from a distance , the business in both British and bonded has been of importance , at

      advancing prices . Sevoral samples have been withdrawn from present sale . Sack Hour has also had a bettec demand , and at improved rales . About , 100 « bawds United States sweet flour , in bor . d , have changed hands at 19 s . 6 d . per barrel of 190 lbs . The demand Jor oats and ostine . il has been qtiite Ihrnia ' . ; but holders of cither article do not lower their r . reten . sioRs , and no alteration in value has occurred . As regards barley , beans , and peas , very Hide has been done in them , and last week ' s quotations siq repeated . ¦ ,- .

      LivEnrooL Catilb Market , Monday , Jcj . x 7 .- ^ ' \\ c have had a larger supply of cattle at m&f&ct today than of late , with a brisk demand for imiiioa and Lamb . Beef met with dull sale .-. ' Beef , old r « GJd ; mutton , GH to OJcl ; lamb , 6 Jd to Citl per IK Cattle lniportod into Liverpool , * from ihe 80 th Jime to tiic / th July :-Cows 1807 , calres ' 12 , sheep 051 % lambs 19 o 7 , pigs 3577 , horses 59 . York Corn Market , Saturday , July 5—Wo . have liaa a great deal of rain during the week , »? d the advance of 2 s to 3 satWakeficld ycsterdav hue caused our uirmerB to bring fresh samples to " marlttt this morning ; but they are asking such high jtrii-es , that nothing but needy customers have been purraaseis , consequentl y but very little done . Tiic advance obtained ou wheat will be about . Is por load . AU other articles without alteration .

      _ Trade op Maschkstrii , —The yarn mark * con « tmuea m the same state ai for two or throe- - weeks iiast . Ihe spinners being nearly working to order ihere ; is scarcely any business done for immediate ilohvery ; but exporters arcstill desirous of raakine contraots-m some cases extending to t ! iofcnno » j . urn of tho shipping season ; and nriccs remain oxceeding yfirni . n goods thero is ' ratl , ^ inore ousineas doing and manufacturers , in some cases , ivl&V admcc - ^^ '' - < a « nBtaJ

      Untitled Article

      S ~~~ THE LAND ! TVi : Hii tnat lsr . « l was many a malcontent , % 'ho eari'A liie tjianjij- to -. vhk-h lie lien . !; Tltc soH lull many a wriujni-. ? despot saw , "Who tvorlrtl las waiiiwaiess in fetui of law . Byron . , ; ^ j . »; -i ? ainr ? is whom CTunlhy rtigneil , vroald p * s-. ^/ t . ; ,:- - ' :.. ^!? *•• - ? v . axjcfl v . lstrc thvy jtossesfcd the V . ;•! -. ? ojVu ' . ^ t « : ce . VThy --liwiW they jiursue adUJtional

      " f 3 > b » r ti-rHwrv . ^ o mail can cultivate aiora tlian a I j LI *{ , ; i , r : i" ] i w" laa < L "— G <« . hci . t . Vyotio J ? a- ' ' produce a cJiartcrfrom Jieavcn , or ,, „; . * - - " isc " vr ti : !« : to a j . ariiciihir >« j = se » ioa tiiau LU 7 HrHUiJV . Tr —/* * ' . // . •' " ljcre c- > n : i ! sra ^ o fijcIi tlsng as lanrietl property l ^ rir . liv . > 5 a « «« l >«> t zsiskv the wirtli , ajsd , tl : « -. nj ; h hv ..-. a s : i--i " : n " ' - » " o- - •«« j ) « « . 3-e ! =: « 1 i « o rf ..-. ' . f to l ^ tte t - . « II' r ** ' * - ** i <« 'i " - ' fe % "' J" V *« . " ; MMtfcer did tiie f ftzSfi " " * - ^ ar ^ - ^ - ' i * * : l kivA oSicc , fr «; n wlienco the £ v-t " i . " .-e w- - -- ^* > li"u :-J issae . "—7 So ^« w /»!( . - . < :. * " Tac ! nu < 5 = •'""* 11 ( lt *** ' '« l «« r « - < T . —Jftt ' -c * . i ; n nature or iu

      4 . xjj ^ rc > "' ¦ I'rtsauaiioji natural lair njiT a M-t ol ' naru * u = Hi ; i jmrcliuicKt sliould coarcjr tilt . lisisvu ' ¦ " IboV—JSidvioiiC . " " Tiit ' « ^ " " «««•'» " at < y country or Jieighlxwriiood . TI ^» , " cv » -rv : "UIs ? ia or untlio same , "irpeiiaiuiji ; tlicr « t <> . liSias * a : ali tia : K to the living- iuhaWtr . - . iw of the ? ai < : iou : iti > or lifkilirBrbood iu au equal wanr . er . For ^¦» iv : ? w ^™ 5 ' - ' ' < kj laud aw ! its vrwluctiuus ; consecutis -uv , wlt ~ l v . c camibt live widiuut , wo have the samc-^ i j ;« ivIn : ir In <> nrli » -cs . " — Ti < 3 Z' M Spuci . ' ' " " Iu ^ l- -u-:-iri : ; ei * ojueVinl : t-:-Jta ! iec ; 3 ::: ] ki : )^ , | iriiiees ' vrri ! i- ) :. 5 i ~ , jjririV , auu coiuaioKcrs , who hart- stuk-n it -Wa : ' .: «" , t «> M it «; H-n tl : o urio of ]*]; ular % norauce , ro ;" i * r - :: ^ 1 * ° J "S ' ^ huasau or divine . "—JVur-ii :. ' 7

      • 'Jlv ra «( -n tearlics ine tint liml t « . » r \ o' « ! $$ , Tiu-( Ireat Sjoni save it t « his ciiiWrm t < i live \\\><>\ i , siid cmiivate , as *~ " $ * i ; ecessary for tiitir sulj ?!> ttace ; ai : csi > Ift 25 as liivj" orccjv snd cuUivatfit , they have tlie ri ^ ht to e £ f . 41—liat it" tlisrv voluntarily leave it , then any other j « i > 3 ^ eliave : i right t <> senK- uj"jnit . ^>< ' : ! iii !^« nj he sold , tat sich iiiinss a ? cia be carrivd away . "— V . lxl- Iliiitt . " Svcrr imUv : du : il jaiss-. ' sfcs , lcgitcnatdy , tic <«»« nhit-li iifs lalK'ur , his i : it-.-llis « ice ( or more generally ) , rdr-i-li »« £ t ; -- ! Ui ' i sas crcau-c . " Tl : is priiu-Ii . le is i : v . fi :: tv-stn > le , ami it is wl ! to jeinarlj that it cor . tsiiss exjinssly au afkainvleiipui-ut of tiie right of all to tlifc soil . For as tlttr soil lias not been creaU-J Inman , it follows fr ^ nj the fsndan : « : tal ] irii : cijik- of proi- ? fry . Ui :: t it canuot bir ' mKS to any small punion of tht Jiuiiau race , wao have created it by tlicir activity . Let c < a : en coacimletliat liio tine tlieory of jiroperty is foucdtO ci ! the '««< & » efUa ti-bii pOfertfOi . '"—1 ' vr . fier .

      " if man ha-: a rijlut to 'iriit , air . and water , ivhich a « ov . e trill atteuqc ti * < iuesti « m , he has a right : ; lso to tlie fe < r ? t wliicli is j » u-t a ; r . rt-essavy for the niaiat- ? i ! ai 5 ce of h : s suV&tmce . If vvcry jierson liad an ciinal sl-. are w Hie Sv : i , j * verty would 1 « unkuuwa in the world , anO crime woaiu < ii ? a ^*; tr with want . "—JfiJe Wvld . " As ihe aat ^ rc s uid r .-a-: t £ « f j-Jl mt-n sr « alike , the wants of allaiist Lo equal : aud as Iiuiiian existence is dqxn ^ eut on tiic same coiitingtnrus , it follyws U : at the great field lor all exertion , and the raw ir . ati'ri :: l of all nvalth , tite earth , is the common proper * v « fall its

      iuhalitaats . "—Jmh French F . rag . " Vkiaz laouojioly iufiirts evils of snch magnitude as t 2 :. toflan < lt It hits mteliirrhr to uatioval prosperity Tm jteojile , the oul . y creators of wealth , poiscss linuw . Je-ge ; tii * v j-issej * industry : and if they possessed land , tfcty coulti itt all < = tlier monoiKilies at dcii ; uice ; tli . y vcald tli « i in ? riiaMe . ' ! t « employ machinery for tluir owi l-ratSt , and the wvrM woaid b&eld with dtlight aud a » oi :: Mni : < .-i : t the beutucial elwtts of this mighty engine , wa « a jjoi-srly Cirecuid . "—AaViOr of the "Ueproif of argUss ?

      Atrititntsf, #Rtnt«D, & Hxptfto.

      atrititntsf , # rTnt « d , & hxptfto .

      Itoltft Intelliffciirt*

      itoltft Intelliffciirt *

      Untitled Article

      Joly 12 , 1845 . THE NORTHERN STAR . 7

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), July 12, 1845, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1323/page/7/