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Northern Star (1837-1852), 1st March 1845, Edition 1 of 4, Page 7, Comsipoittrenrft

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    • Comsipoittrenrft
    • ^«——i^i—*—¦— wmmmr ———^ iWarfeet Entdlumue *
    • ^^^^^^^^^ *~ * * ~" * " " " " "- ggi'frulture ari& gmtitulture*
    • C&arttet lntrHfgtntt«
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      Untitled Article

      FIELD-GARDEN OPERATIONS , For the Week ending I&ndat / , lei . 26 th , 1844 . [ Extracted from a Diar ? cS actual operations on a num ber of smaH farms in . Sussex , and Yorkshire , fnUi shed by Mr . John Nowell of Faroley Tyas , near laadeisfieM , Yorkshire , as a guide to . other posjBgsois of field-garden farms to the labours which « pbt to be taken on their own lands . The farms pasted as models , are-First . That of the Willingdon school , five acres in extent , conducted by G . f ^ nttenden . Second . TheEastdeanschool , alsofiye , m « s . near Beaehy Head , conducted by John Harris .

      i fbjjd . That of Jesse Piper , consisting of ibur acres , gt Cruttenden . Fourth . That of John Dumbrell , a £ jni of six acres , at Jevington , near Beaehy Head . wftb . An industrial school farm at Slaithwaite , near Hodtersfi eld . Sixth and Seventh . Two small model gams at the same place , occupied on the estate of the rgrl of Dartmouth , by Charles Varlev and JohnBam foitl . The consecutive operations in these reports ^ U enable the curious reader to compare the climate an agricultural value of the south with the north of ^ ag land . The Biabt is aided by " 2 ? otesand Observ ations " irom the pen of Mr . Nowell , calculated for ibetisw aad season , ^ wMcli wesubjoin . 3

      SUSSES . AIosmt- — Willingdon School . Boys digging the second * liine for white carrots . EasUkan School . Boys treading clover , removing stubble and roots , and tnnungamixen . Tiper . Gathering up flints for draining . JhunbriU . Rainy day . Ttesdat . — WiUingdon Sdtool . Boys digging , as before stated . Eastdean School . Boys digging for potatoes , picking out the roofs , and covering a mixen rath mould to keep the heat in . _ Piper . Top dressing seeds . JhmbreU . "Wheeling out manure . ^ edsesdat . — Wfflingdon School . Boys digging the second time for white carrots . Eastdean School Boysemptyingtank , and spreading the contents on mangel wurzel ground , breaking clods , and mould carrying . Piper . Removing turnips to the byres Dumbrell . Digging , and spreading manure . Thursday . —WilUngdon School . Boys clearing away

      stubble from the clover . Eastdean School . Boys digging , hoeing tares and rye , and treading the sine ; small boyspicking stones . Piper . Hoeing among underground onions , —dorfiloosenthern . DuminlL Digging , and spreading ^ manure . feot . it . — Yi'ilUngdon School . Boys removing Swede turnips from the heap . Eastdem School . Boys widening road , remoyingmould to the land , gather ing stones , and turning a mixen . Piper . Hoeing among the onions , —always hoe your seed turnips , end earroU ^ as tveU . Jktmlrell . Planting early potatoes , drilling tares . Satcbdat . —Willinadon Scltool . Wet weather ; boys mschoolallday . " £ astdean School . Boys cleaning out . pigs , and portable pails , about the place , ana school room . Piper . Cleaning out the pigs , mixing dung with mould . DiimbreU . Digging , and harrowing wheat .

      yoRKsnjKE . SMtlinaite Tavuits . JoJtnBamford , digging for spring wheat Weather fine , but frosty . Cow-jeewxg . —Witlin gdon School . Cows fed on oat straw and turnips . Bumbrdl . One cow stall-fed with turnips , mangel wurzel , and straw . A cow and lieifer fed with turnips , carrots , and straw .

      NOTES A 1 SD OBSERVATIONS . Tabs Home—The hoeing of winter tares must not be neglected . A topdressing of 2 cwt . of gypsum nill be beneficial . All leguminous or pod plants require it , as animals require salt , or fowls require SlEET TOR LeGOHXOTTS SXO OTHER SEEBS . — The following steep has been found to answer well for tare , rye , or other seeds . It tends to start the young slants into quick and vigorous growth , upon which frequently depends the success of tke future crop . Mix in a vessel equal parts of tank liquid and urine ; dissolve or macerate in it a few pounds of pigeons ' dung , or the dung of fowls , or guano , well pounded , and an equal quantity of common salt ; stir well together ; put vourseed in a wicker basket , and pour

      the fluid through it several times , letting it drain back into tiie vessel , for future application , Use gvpstnu , nab quick Jhne , to divide the seeds , and SOW immediately . Spbixg Takei . —[ Seed sown , four bushels to the acre , iadriHs . 3—From the 1 st to the 8 Q 1 of March , if the weather will permit , sow portions of spring tare seed , In succession , till May ; as one crop appears above ground , sow another . Let your drills be six inches apart . Use five bushels of mould manure to the rod , if yon can spare it . You may safely use the leguminous steep described above ; and if you add a little saltpetre , or sulphate of ammonia ( gas salt ) , it will be all the better . In the north of England the spring tare is generally sown broadcast , using a sixth part o { oats to support the plant .

      Cabbage Seed Beds . —[ One pound of seed ¦ nil ! pro . duce plants for an acre , j—Sow on beds , about four feet broad , successive portions of cabbage seed to supply plants to cut in winter . Select ground , rich , dry , aid well sheltered , and manure it moderately . Sow in drills four inches apart , and if your seed be good , lather thin . Tfie Early Hope will answer better than any other kind . They may lie transplanted fiwn April up to June . Pusikg Cabbages . —If yon wish for a supply at the latter end of autumn , it is time nova to transplant them from the beds sown before last August .

      Red asd WrdTE Cabhois . —{ Seed sown , Bed Carroc , 4 Ibs ., White , 3 ilbs ., per acre . ]—The carrot loves a &ep , sandy soil , free from stones or other obstruc tions . As soon after Michaelmas as possible , the ground having been digged two spits deep , receives a dressing of tank liquid , which is immediately digged in and veil mixed with the soil ; this repeated three times , wQl be found to answer better than solid manure . Select seed grown the previous year ; and it has been recommended that it should be mixed well rath plenty of sand , and watered with tank liquid

      for some days before sowing . The time of sowing red carrots must be early in March , either in drills or broadcast ; in the former case , the distance of the drills is about twelve inches , the seed is scattered in iyhand and covered slightly ; then follows very earefil hoeing , after the plants appear , not approaching too near them ; they are afterwards weeded , and set out at a distance of three or three and a half inches Th& -wMte carrot may be sown at the same time , or a IMelater ; tlicsameprecautionsiuustbefollowed . On light land , -when the manuring has been followed up , a succession of turnips , potatoes , and carrots , has often been beneficial to the farmer as well as to the

      land . The Ahoimext System . —We are happy to learn that from the success which has as yet attended the carrying out of the allotment system by the benevo lent and patriotic Earl of Dartmouth , atlangards and ¦ Ahnondbury , near Uuddersfield , and other places , his lordship has determined on a farther extension of it to thft village of lurkburton . Bis lordship ' s agent , Frederick Thynne , Esq ., has issued a notice to the agricultural and operative labourers in that vicinity , inviting them to take a rood or more of land , to be wrought under cultivation by the spade . The Land is offered at 40 s . the acre , without the usual taxes and imposts on the land . The applications to be

      made before the 1 st of March ; and a statement as to the applicant ' s family , its number , respective ages , and other particulars , is to be made . We hope the applications will be numerous and successful , and that the wholesystem , as promulgated and supported by the generous minded and noble Earl , wffl be generally carried out through the length and breadth ofthelandby every wealthy and large landholder , as this would tend most materially to diminish pauperism , decrease tlic amount hi poor rates , and elevate the mind and characters of the English peasantry to the state in which it formerly was pictured , when every rood of land maintained its laaxL—I&dt Intelli gencer .

      Fork Hcsbaxdrt . — At the last meeting of the Boyal Agricultural Society , Jlr . Henry Dixon , of Wnkam , in Essex , favoured the council with the following communication in reference to the employment of agricultural digging forks : — AVitham , Bee . 12 , 1844 . il y experience in the use of agricultural forks , which « re very ranch used here , leads me to believe that , if the application of this implement iras more generally fenown , ft wouia become extensively and profitably appliea lo fsncufcural purposes ; and , as it is a substitution of horse « bour for that of man , it is of no common importance . 1 am indebted to Mr . JOtchefl , of TVvmondhaJn , for its

      introduction here ; and last year as well as this fifty or B ^ y of onr men have oeen engaged in the work , who Waerwise wouldhave been for the major part unemployed "Kfork 1 send von is intended for the first operation ^ Pon the soil ; for subsequent forldng and for seeding the ^ a they may » e made lighter and shorter , and used with a Propordonate diminution of expense . We use it in two * ws ( thinldng it necessary to preserve the cultivated soil ''Wennost ) . Take a wheat stubble , for example ; the SlQ ^ h opens ihefiurow , and theforkerfollows ; and when e « is forVed i : j > i 3 ie subsoil ( turning it over as in spade ' T ^^* plough succeeds and covers it over—succeeded f oegnn by the forker . The denth we reauire under the

      wrnm-slke is from ten to twelve inches . About sixteen tn are required to keep a plough in constant use ; and ""? wdl fort an aereper diem , if it he a tolerably free _^ £ We give the mea from ^ to 3 d . per rod for this T ' \ h « tte this year practised another plan , Which I ™ y much prefer , as any number of men may he kept at "" flout any inconvenience as to the plough . Take ihl it f *' ** * " * saa vrheat stohtte , fi ^ e acres . I had ^ «™ ploughed tolerably deep into ridges ( twofurrow 3 iff ™ cefin S each other ) about twenty-four inches wide . Ot oJT mento " wrliin this fieia to fork the furrow 4 ei ! b „ . & va & t > a ^ Oien the plough followed , f ^ ° « " * tiflge . whieh left the remaining portion ready Wfi * , ^ ? letioa of ft e work . I had not quite finished -lid- ^ : frost s « t w , and suspended the work , j ^ raeta oa ^ eq ? ms efi deat ^ jjj fbe fonnerj ani tjje « iU Z * ^^ tte workmen . These four young men HvtttT ^ j ireels » - V ^ rod . Ihislahour is . ecd requires strong young men . It may be

      Untitled Article

      necessary in all cases to open the soil by the plough ; for , if the staple he good to the depth of the fork , it may be done from the surface ; at all events a seeond forking will require no plough . It is not necessary for me to trouble you with the theory which indicates the advantage of deepening soils , nor to state that the lana must first ( where required ) be properly underdrained , as these matters are ' sufficiently obvious . Our experience during the last four or five years has fully tested the value of the process , especially upon thiu soils , resting upon a hard gravel pan ; hut perhaps not more so than upon one of good deep rich staple , although they were productive

      before . "We commonly begin rtiis character of cultivation for carrots , turnips , or other root-crops . In the lata dry summer , the carrot and turnip crops by Sir , Hutley and Mr . Beadel , of this place , were doubly remunerative for the extra expense . To return to the five acres of my own . The method of fanning which I intend to follow is—to harrow down the ridges , use the cultivator to move the soil , and in no way again to use the plough , except to form ridges and cover in manure for mangold wurtzel , Swedes , or potatoes , as the case maybe . Therootcrop win be followed oy wheat . For wheat I shall prohaDly not plough the land at all . Our smiths make these forks

      for 4 s . 6 d . to 5 s . each , and they may be made by any workman having a specimen before him . Should , however , any douht occur , I shall readily attend to the inquiries of any of our members who may wish to apply to meonthesnbject henbt pikw . The Sub-Pulveriser . —At the same meeting , Mr . Parkes , the consulting engineer to the seciety , favoured the council with the following observations in reference to the operation of the sub-pulveriser as an implement of tillage . Mr . Parkes concurred with several of the members present in their opinion that the forks just spofeen of were very heavy , and would require a strong man to use them ; he observed , however , that the operation described was one that demanded the nse ofa strong tool . It appeared to him that the cost of the work , as stated by Air . Dixon ,

      wasluuy uouuie mat e&ectcd by the suu-pulvenser of Mr . Reid , of No . S 3 , Regent-circus , Piccadilly , to which a prize had been awarded at the Southampton Meeting ; a decision in favour of that effective implement which , had been amply confirmed and justihed by subsequent experience . Prom what he had himself witnessed and heard from farmers who had used it , he considered the quality of the work done by this implement to be fully equal to forking . It was , he observed , so handy aud manageable as scarcely to require holding or guiding ; and he had recently been inlonncd by a Tanner , that he had found three horses , drawing in line , quite able to follow the Kentish turnwrist plough with this implement , sub-working each furrow six or eight inches deep ( after draining ) , and completing an acre per diem . The same party

      Lad stated to him that far more harm than good would have been done to his land ( the Wealden clay ) by the trampling of the six horses on it , which would be necessary to drag the common subsoil plough . . Mr . Read ' s plough so effectually shivered and lightened UP the subsoil as to elevate the fun-ow-bottom from three to four inches deep , so that when the nest slice fo eight inches was laid upon it in the manner peculiar to the Kentish plough , the whole bed Lay light and open , to atmospheric influence , and without the impress of a horse ' s foot upon it : while another gentleman , who had extensively used the implement in a compact gravelly subsoil , using four liorsesinlinet «• avoid simce-poaching , also expressed his entire satisfaction with its performance . Air . Parkes further stated , that in order to obviate the

      evil arising from the treading of a powerful team of horses in subsoiling days , and to obtain more complete pulverisation than is effected by the common subsoil plough , a Mend of his , the manager of alarge estate in Scotland , near Hamilton , informed him that the practice was in vogue there of digging with the spade 10 inches deep ; then following with forks 14 inehes length of tines . The top-soil was kept uppermost , the tbrks merely loosening and breaking up the subsoil . The cost was stated to be M per Scotch , or £ 3 6 s . 8 d . per statute acre . It appeared that Mr . Dixon's plan of forking the furrow after the plough , required " sixteen men m a tolerably free soil to keep the plough going , and do an acre per diem , " the cost of which was at least 32 s , per acre . This plan was therefore cheaper than the foregoing , but

      not nearly so cheap as by using Mr . Read's implement , which enabled the agriculturist to avail himself of horses' power , and without injury from their tread in plastic soils . Mr . Miles , M . P ,, confirmed Mr . Parkcs's statement of the easy manageableness of Mr . Read ' s implement , irem his own use of it . The only difficulty he had found was to prevent the ploughman from weighing on the handles ,-and to induce him to leave it alone . Being carried on four wheels , it was subject to very trifling irregularity of action , and but little guidance was required . The Natuhb asd Ube op Artificial Soils or Manures . —There is no subject upon which information is so much required by fanners as upon the nature of manures . Everywhere the most absurd opinions and practices prevail , and everywhere we

      find the ground loaded with applications , without any regard to the materials which its condition actually requires . It is time that such conduct should cease ; for , is it not the same kind of absurdity which the quack commits , who attempts to cure a disease , of the nature of which he is totally ignorant , and applies his remedies at random , for the fanner to cover his fields with lime , or marl , or guano , without having the least idea either of the nature of the remedy which he applies , or of the wants of the soil ? Hence , it naturally follows ^ that scarcely two farmers have formed the same opinion respecting the value of these applications . You will find one man praising them to the skies , while another laments the money lie has , as he conceives , thrown away upon them . The only cure for all this is a proper chemical

      examination of both the soil and the manure . It may seem strange to the farmer who begins to reflect upon these things , how plants establish themselves along our ditches , and thrive for years with undiminiabed vigour , though totally neglected by man . It is only , however , wher e the soil is adapted io the growth of the weed , that it springs np spontaneously , and flourishes . There is nothing which , to a careless observer , appears so irregular and uncertain as the distribution of plants . But chance has nothing to do with , the growth of even the meanest weed . The winds of autumn pass over our fields , carrying with them the seeds of a thousand different plants ; but only those which find a resting place containing the inorganic substance required for t heir development come to perfection . Hence .

      every soil has its peculiar kind of vegetation—its own weeds . The salt wort or the bent are never found growing along the shores of the inland lake , nor the white clover or the buttercup on the sands washed by the tide . Thus , the beautiful scarlet poppy springs up only where the soil is calcareous , or where lime has been applied ; while , in a pure limestone soil , wheat perishes , and the quicken is never found as a weed . In the streams which flow through our marly valleys , the water-cress finds its proper food , while the valleys themselves are covered with the broad leaves of the colts-foot . The reed and the horsetailrcquire adifferent kind of food , and we find them thriving luxuriantly in the clay marsh , the waters of which are rich in silicate ofpotasll . How , you will ask , do the wild plants of the w « iyside

      and the moor grow , year . after year , on the same spot , without exhausting the soil ? Who cares for them ? The reason is plain . They are not cut down and carried away every harvest like the crops of the farmer , but they bring their seed to perfection , decay , and restore again to the soil the elements which they had removed from it ; so that , after having- treasured up the seed in its bosom during the winter , the soil is again able to supply it with the inorganic substances required for its growth , when the soft voice of the young spring awakes it to new life . —Here nature gives us a lesson . It should be a golden rule to the farmer to restore to the field the elements withdrawn by his crops , for it is onlv in proportion as he is successful in accomplishing " this result that he can maintain the uninterrupted fertility of his farm .

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      Mb . D Israeli asd Mr . Boxbam . —The following extract from the Aiumal Register of 1801 will show the groundsforthenimonr to which Mr . D'Israeli adverted on Thursday night , and explains the mistake into which he , as well as others who perused tke statement , might very innocently fall . The Jlr . Bonham mentioned in the Annual Register was the half-brother of the gentleman who now holds the office of storekeeper at the Ordnance-office : —March 2 . —The State prisoners , who have for a considerable time past been confined in the Tower , the House of Correction in Coldbath-fields , Tothill-fields Bridewell , Shrewsbury , and other county gaols , were brought ud

      to the Duke of Portland ' s office , when most of them were liberated on their own recognisances . Among these were Lord Cloncurry , Mr . Bonham , &c . One or two persons refused to enter any bail , insisting upon unconditional release and were of course remanded . Such of them as had been brought from the country were allowed £ 5 each to defray the expenses of their journey home , and the whole were treated with civility and attention . Colonel Despard , Galloway , Lcmaitre , and Hodgson , who refused to enter into recognisance or give bail , were committed to Tothill-fields , as they insisted upon being delivered unconditionally to freedom , or brought to trial . — Times .

      The Islaxd op Barbaboes and Hollowat ' s Phis axd Okimext . —The 6 th of Dec . last , William Gassett , a groom , of Bridgetown , Barbadoes , solemnly declares that for two years he suffered with fearful ulcerations , which no niedieine or treatment in that island could cure . That he was in the service of Mrs . M'Caskcy , who caused him to be attended by Dr . John Brant , whose sldll of healing wounds is well known , but failing to cure him , gave up the case . He , as a last resource , used HoDoway's Pills and Ointment , which have completel y cured him , to the astonishment of all : the cure being so astonishing and extraordinary , tnat J . Young Edgwell , Esq ., proprietor of the West Indian Neivspaper , caused the particulars to be advertised in all the papers of Barbadoes . The Mail to Edixbukch is to be aeceleraf ed two horns chiefly by the letters and newspapers being sorted on the line of railway . The whole of the north of Scotland partakes in this benefit ,

      Untitled Article

      TO MR , WILLIAM LOVETT . Sin , —In that most consistent opponent of abuse and denunciation , Uoyd ' s Newspaper , of last Saturday , an address to the Chartists of the united kingdom ap-» eared , subscribed with your name . It purports to be a review of the rise and progress of the Chartist movement , and the opinion of your Association as to ite future prospects . On reading the first sentence 0 * the address , I was led to expect a lucid retrospect of the past ; a calm but impartial exposition of past errors—errors to which all human action is liable ; and candid counsel and advice as to the best course to be pursued in order to realise man's rights—to elevate the prostrate millions , and to secure to them an equitable share of God ' s blessings , of which

      classnusrule has made a class-monopoly . 'H owever , on wading through the address , I found my expectations disappointed ; for , instead of realising my idea as to what such a document should , be , 1 found a conglomeration of the grossest falsehoods , the vilest abuse and denunciation — denunciation secundtvm artem—denunciation a la Lovett . The most malignant charges , couched in the bitterest language , constitute the materiel of this production . The S&aftS are apparently 9 hofc off at random , but it requires little exercise of mental vision to discern the objects at which they are levelled . As a member of the National Charter Association—as an admirer of the general policy of that body , I feel it to be an imperative duty upon me to vindicate that procedure which

      you impugn , and of which I approve ; and to repel those base and unfounded imputations which you ; in the plenitude of your charity and toleration , would fasten upon them . Having given an account of the embodiment of the principles in the document called the Charter , you proceed to inform the public that " a few active emissaries , under the guise of Reformers , commenced their career , to undo , by violence and folly , what good had been thus effected . That you may judge how far they were friends to our cause , they began by ridiculing all mental and moral reformation , and boasted of their victories over . all those who sought the attainment of their political rights by moral means . They industriously sought to break up the associations formed ; maligned , calumniated , and devoured , allwho disannroved of

      then- projects . They showed what was thek Democratic spirit by seeking to inspire the working classes with feelings of hate and deadly hostility against the niddleclassesof society . They exhibited their spirit of toleration in endeavouring to put down , by conspiracy , force , . and clamour , all individual opinion , all free discussion , and all public meetings , except such as administered to their sinister interests , fii short , no despotism ( wanting the power of life and death ) could have evmced a more persecuting , intolerant , and revengeful spirit than that shown by those professed friends of popular rights . " There is no denunciation here ! oh no ! abuse becomes salutary reproof , genuine patriotism , when it passes through the alembic of William Lovett ' a brain . If

      such a paragraph appeared in the JVortftern Star in , reference to the real fonienters of discord , the undisguised assassins of Chartism , with what exclamations of horror the ominous words would be scanned ! We should then see the mild , moral , and intellectual members of the National Association with elongated faces and upturned eyes , wagging their tongues in virtuous reprobation of the tyranny and denunciation of the "Northern Star . " But who , sir , arethesefew active emissaries of whom you write ? You say they are still among us , sowing the seeds of discord ! What is an emissary ?— -a messenger , a spy , a secret agent . You , sir , know those spies , those secret agents : why not uumask them ? Surely you cannot reconcile silence upon so grave a subject with the dictates of your tender conscience ! . Do you not deem yourself guilty of a gross dereliction of duty .

      guilty of treason to the cause , in ' not giving to the world this knowledge , of which your cranium is the depository , and thus afford a betrayed people an opportunity of pointing the finger of execration at the traitors ! The'information will not be forthcoming , and for the best of all reasons , because you have none to communicate . Talk ef the denunciation of the '' Star " indeed ; why it is as the gentle zephyr to the Borean blast , compared with this rabid effusion of your charity and tolerance . That there were violent speeches made during the Chartist agitation , as in all others , I will not attempt to deny . Enthusiastic , aye , and even intemperate language , is a very natural characteristic of the efforts of a people struggling to snap the chains of despotism . I am neither an

      admir er nor an apologist of violent harangues ; but in this respect Chartism has been out-done by Free Traders and Union Repealers . Yet you , consistent censor as you are , allow those to pass unreproved , while you unsparingly pour out the phial of your indignation on the devoted heads of the poor Chartists . The philosophy of physical and moral power has been eloquently and learnedly descanted on by modern politicians , but for my part I am yet to be convinced of the impropriety or injustice of a nation resisting actively as well as passively , oppression , whether practised by foreign or domestic tyrants . The moral power , however , of the enslaved millions of the united kingdom is more than adequate , if properly combined and wisely directed , toeffect their emancipation .

      But moral power , to be productive of any beneficial effect upon the plunderers of Industry , must not only be based upon the imperishable foundation of truth and justice , but it must be backed by the physical energies of a united people , to command for it tnat deference which otherwise would never be awarded to it by the oppressors of the human race . I do not think that your denunciation , on the score of inflammatory language , will please some of your bosom friends . I remember something of a Convention manifesto , of which it is said William Lovett was the author , which was not the mildest emanation from the press at that period . Who , I would ask , were the most turbulent and vociferous among the physical force atdtatora ? Urwuefttiotv

      ably Messrs . Vincent and Ijfeesom , whom you would now hold up to the admiring gaze of the people as paragons of political probity and purity . Mark : I am not impugning these gentlemen for the physical force predilections which once distinguished thembut I do impugn your consistency in declaiming against others for conduct which you connive at in your friends . In the intensity of your hate , you sacrifice truth to your burning desire to blacken the "emissaries . " They began , you say ; by ridiculing all moral and mental reformation . This charge is Contemptibly puerile ! all are aware of its fallacy . I have heard every lecturer in the movement ; and , although the sonorous words " mentality , " " ration , alittf , " " intellectuality , " are not so frequently on their

      lips as on those of others who were once in it , the invariable object of their discourses has been the political enlightenment of the people , and consequently their mental reformation . But what Chartist lecturer ever opposed moral reformation 1 Come , candid sir , do not shirk the question : toll us when , where , and by whom was moral reformation obstructed—tell what species of vice was endeavoured to be perpetuated ? Bo these things , sir , or let the odious stigma of insidious slanderer be indelibly fixed upon you . The " emissaries * ' ( whom I will now define , seeing that you have not done so , are all the active men in the movement , who will not bow with obsequious deference to the "sic voh , sicjvbeo" of Mr . Lovett ) are charged with attempting to inspire the

      working classes with feelings of deadly hostility against the middle classes . True , the Chartists have not pandered to middle-class prejudice to ingratiate themselves in their favour ; they have not , with the glozing _ tongue of servility and deception , endeavoured to palliate the treachery of the middle classes to the people . Such conduct they feel no ambition te imitate ; they leave that to the more " tolerant" and "intellectual . " The agitators in connection with the National Charter Association have boldly proclaimed man ' s rights . They have fearlessly exposed his oppressors , irrespective of class or party ; and if , sir , you can discern in middle-class hypocrisy treachery , and fraud , objects for admiration , I for

      one . envy neither your independence of spirit nor the keenness of your mental vision . The " emissaries " are next charged with putting down by force and clamour all public meetings ! all discussion ! Why , sir , you must have been demented when you wrote this sentence . It is tome perfectly astounding how a public man , who is eternally vaunting his toleration and consistency , can make grave and serious charges against a party without adducing a single syllable in support of them . The falsehood of tills accusation Is so notorious that it ia waste of time to attempt its refutation . You , sir , know that all meetings have not been put down ; . and you know that the Chartists are not the enemies of free

      discussion . You know that they always court inquiry on their own platforms , and demand it on those of others . Away , then , with the insidious imputation that the Chartists are the adversaries of free inquiry . Not long since , you and the little disaffected knot of whom you are the leader , got this calumny advertised in some of the . morning papers . You , with a matchless contempt of truth ,, set forth that a Free Trade meeting in your hall was broken up by the Chartists , when it was notorious that the interruption was occasioned by League hostility to free discussion , and by the ruffianly conduct of a band of bullies from Saffron-kill , specially engaged for the purpose . Sir , your love of fair play and free discussion was then most strikingly exemplified . It will not be soon forgotten by those who were edified by

      witnessing it . Mr , Poyle , with a view to calm the storm which was raging in consequence of the ferocious conduct of the hireling bullies , came to the front of the platform , and having obtained the chairman ' s permission . attempted to address the meeting . You , sir—aye , with all your gentleness , toleration , and devotion to freedom of discussion—rushed on the platform to do what ? To use your influence in procuring Mr . Doyle a hearing ? No ! but to ask the meeting , ¦ with an energy you are " seldom known to display , whether they would allow "that person " to disturb the proceedings ! and then to turn round , and in the most uueourtcous manner to insiat , as proprietor of the hall , that Mi * . Doyle should instantly quit it !! You then convoked a meeting of your " Association" in your committee-room , and concocted your mendacious and slanderous resolution

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      charging the Chartists with intolerant conduct , and a violation of the right of free discussion . t You complain of the conduct of the " emissaries , " tools " and "'dupes . , " in exposing that heterogeneous mass of absurdities and fallacies which forms the creed ot the Leaguers . Now , sir , you have both writen and spoken to prove that Free Trade , or Com .. aw repeal , unaccompanied by other measures , would iT PJ . '( < J * of "o benefit to the people . This is the Chartist opinion ; and seeing that the trading mi anc * conunercial classes have aforetime duped and betrayed the people , we are determined , if possible , that they shall never again be made tools of , for advancing class interests to their own injury . Hence our resolve to expose the inefficiency of League nostrums to realise the end which their advocates

      predicate of them . That pusillanimous party , conscious Of its weakness , Shudders at the voice of reason and common sense ; it skriuks abashed from the keen eye of inquiry , and endeavours to hide its deformities in the mantle of silence . The party that pursues such a despicable policy , that will not submit its measures to the ordeal ot discussion , merits the contempt of all reasonable men . Judging from the tesioi of your address , one tiling may be confidently predicted—that the day is not distant when the I ea ^? e . receive as an accession to its strength ^ National Association ! , ' There is another accu > sation in this precious tirade which calls for especial notice . You say " all attempts to create an efficient union of the people have been marred , " &c . Mere assertion again : your UnSUDDOrted WOi'd . " Vox ctvrceterea

      nihil . '' Why not , sir , inform the public when and where the attempts to create an effective union were marred ? Who were the Marplots to union and harmony at the Birmingham Conference in 1842 ? Who , on that occasion , manifested the Anti-Democratic spirit ? The intelligent complete suffragists ! Messrs . Vincent , Sturge , Spencer , Beggs , " cum nvultis aliis , " " who admire the justice of . theCharter , lul are constrained toplead the cause of equal justice . imder a name kss objectionable" ! ! Were these driven from the Conference by the tyranny of the Marplots ? And after the Conference had sat five days , revising and amending the Charter , overtures of union were made to you—one member expressing a hope that the days of dissension were over , that harmony would henceforth characterise the movement , * and that you would consent to become secretary of the United

      Association . You , in . the fulness of youv uesme fov union , informed the Conference that you had promulgated a plan of organisation , and when . the people were prepared to adopt that , you would have no objection to become secretary . I have now , sir , noticed the leading features of your address . I have shown their repulsivcness ; I have proved the falsity of your imputations , and their inapplicability to the active men of the Chartist movement . In conclusion , I would presume to suggest , that when you again attempt to call the Chartists " back to reason , you will do so in tones less harsh ; that you will pay something like deference to truth , and that you will not make such a pitiful exhibition of your splenetic disposition to blast the characters of honest men , that you may have the pleasure of gloating over their ruin . Pbiup M'Grath .

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      LONDON . Metropolitan Disthict Councu , 1 , Twrnagainlane , Feb . 23 rd ; Mr . Milne in the chair , —Mr . Stallwood moved , "That this Council recommend to their metropolitan Chartist brethren the propriety of carrying into execution that portion of the Executive address relative to a sixpenny levy , with all promptitude "seconded by Mr . J . Simpson , and carried unanimously . Mr . Stallwood moved , "That the absent members of this Council be specially summoned for Sunday next , and that all metropolitan and suburban localities , not being represented on this Council , be requested to send delegates on that occasion , to

      consider the best mode of electing delegates for the metropolis audits vicinity to the forthcoming Chartist Convention . " Mr . Arnott seconded the motion , which was carried unanimously . Mr . Avnott moved , " That the best thanks of this Council are due and hereby given to the Manchester . Council for the able , impartial , and satisfactory manner in which they conducted the inquiry into the unpleasant affair between Dr . M'Douall and Mr . O'Connor ; and this Council is also of opinion that the former highly deserves our censure and reprobation , and the latter our full and implicit confidence "—scconded by Mr . Mills , and carried unanimously .

      Marylebo . ve . — -An eloquent lecture was delivered by Mr . T . M . Wheeler , on " The present and future prospects Of Chartism , " before the Emmett Brigade , at the Rock Tavern , Lisson-grove , on Sunday evening , February the 23 rd . Deputations were received from the Marylebone and Somers Town localities , who have agreed to co-operate with the Emmett Brigade on the return ofa delegate to the forthcoming Chartist Convention . Council having been received , on the motion of Messrs . Stallwood and Millwood , the sixpenny levy for the Executive was unanimously agreed to . Nominations were then made for the Executive Committee . Several persons were placed in nomination , but they declined the honour . The present members were then nominated . A . vote of thanks being given to Mr . George for the great accommodation afforded by him to the Hammersmith locality , the meeting then broke up .

      Somers Tows . —a meeting was held at the Bricklayer . ? ' Arms , Tonbridge-street , on Sundav evening , February the 23 rd ,-Mr . Hornby in the chair , when the present Executive Committee were nominated to fill the office for the ensuing Chartist year . Somers Tows . —A public meeting was held on Sunday evening last , at the Bricklayers' Arms , Tonbridge-street , New-road , ' : Mr . John Hornby was called to the chair , The delegate to the district council having given in his report , and the letter of the . "Executive read , Mr . Thomas Lowrie moved , " That we pledge ourselves to carry out the suggestion of the Executive by raising our full quota towards their support , " seconded by Mr . John Avnott , and carried unanimously . The meeting then proceeded to put in nomination the Executive for the ensuing year , when Messrs . I M'Gratli , O ' Connor , Doyle , Clark , and Wheeler were duly nominated . GREENWICH . The ustjal , -weekly meeting of the members of the above locality was held , at the George and Dragon ,.

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      Blackheattt-hill , on Tuesday last , Mr . Bigg in the chair . The Exe ' ecutive address was road from the Northern -Star , when it was moved and seconded by Messrs Morgan and FJord that a levy of sixpence be laid on all the members of this locality iu aid of the Executive . The Secretary was instructed to write to the Chartists of Crayford , Tonbridge Wells , and Lewisham , to know if they would co-operate In sending a delegate to represent Kent in the forthcoming Convention . It is particularly requested that those who have collecting books for the Buncombe Testimonial will give in the sums collected on Tuesday evening next . ^ SOUTH LANCASHIRE .

      Delegate Meeting .. —The South Lancashire delegates met for the transaction of the county business on Sunday last , in the Association-room , Ashtonunder-Lyne . There were present , delegates from Manchester , Rochdale , Ratclifle , Mossley , Waterhead-null , Oldhain , Ashton-under-Lyne , &e . &e . Mr . Win . Aitkin was called to the chair . The mivmtes of the previous meeting having been read and confirmed , the following resolutions were agreed to : — " That the accounts as audited are satisfac * tory , arid that the same dopass . " "That the delegates come prepared to the next delegate meeting with the opinions of the localities as to the propriety of bringing out the lecturers' plan , and also the names of narties rlesirnnsof heinsr nlaced unon -the plan as

      local lecturers . " " That we , the delegates in delegate meeting assembled , do respectfully request , that parties who intend contributing productions towards the ' New Chartist Ilynin-liook , ' will send in their favours on or before the 21 st day-of-March , 1845 , to the secretary , Mr . Richard Raatbrd , No . 8 , Violet-street , Welcomb-street , Hulme , - Manchester ; and that the parties appointed to make selections for the above purpose be requested to bring in their selections on or before the above date , in order that they may be laid before the delegates , at their- next meeting . " " That the levy fov the next month bo one penny per member . " " That our Secretary ' s bill be paid . " " That as there are funds in the hands of a person belonging to the Victim Fund committee ,

      which are withheld by that person , we recommend the county to instruct the delegates to the forthcoming Conference to take this matter up with a view to its immediate settlement . " " That \ ye , the delegates , wish the district ' of . South Lancashire to consider the following question : viz ., 'Will they support the Executive Committee , or do they intend to give up the movement altogether V" " That tho next delegate meeting be held on the last Sunday in March , at ten o ' clock in the forenoon , hi the Chartist Association-room , Mill-street , Rochdale . " "Thatwe recommend to each locality the propriety of sending a delegate to the next meeting , or to correspond with the Secretary , showing reasons for their non-complianee

      with this request . " The following arc the sums rcoeived by the delegates for the Executive , from Nor , 24 th , 1840 , to Feb . 23 rd , 1846 : —Manchester , £ 8 5 s 8 ( 1 ; Do ., Missionary Fund , 5 s : Rochdale , £ 1 7 s lid ; Salford , 10 s ; WaterheadMM , jl 2 s ( id ; Hollinwood , 3 s -id ; Mossley , 10 s ; HoyvJia , 2 s U ; OMham , 14 s . 8 d . Total— £ 12 Us 2 <« The following sums were paid to the ExecntiyeLFund ;—Manchester , £ 1 15 s Sd ; Rochdale , 9 s ; Old ' Sta , 7 s 7 d ; Mossley , os ; Waterliead Mill , 2 s Gd—S 3 , 19 s 9 d . Counts . Fhh $ —Manchester , 11 s ; Mossley , 2 s fid—13 s Gd . The Secretary returns lus thaufcs to those gentlemen who have already forwarded contributions for the Hymn Book . He ' wishes to hear again from Mr . Walpole , of London , and Mr . Wilson , of Halifax .

      MANCHESTER . Carpenters' Ham .. —A lecture was delivered in the above Hall on Sunday evening last , by Mr . William Jones , of Liverpool . The lecture was well attended by a respectable audience . ROCHDALE . Lectures . —Two lectures were delivered in the Chartist Associatio n-rooin on Sunday last , for the benefit of the Heywood turn-outs , by Mr . William Dixon , of Manchester . OLDIIAM . t Lecture , —On Sunday last Mi . J . K . Taylor delivered his second lecture on the life , writings , and genius of Robert Burns , in the Chartist-room , Greaves-Street . The lecturer concluded by reading two poems , entitled "TheTwa Dogs , " and "The Cottager ' s Saturday Night . " At the conclusion a subscription was entered into for Mr . Duncan ' s widow , and Mrs , Ellis .

      BRIGHTON . A Special Generat , Meeting of the Chartists of this place was held on Monday evening last , Mr . Mitchell in the chair , when the following resolution , proposed by Mr . Lewis , and seconded by Mr . Flowers , was unanimously adopted : — " That we , the Chartists of Brighton , having read in the Northern Star the charges made by Dr . M'Douall against Mr , O'Connor , have waited patiently for the investigation of the same by the Manchester Council , and after perusing the whole proceedings with an unbiased mind , we cannot but come to this conclusion , that the vrtiole of such charges are utterly without foundation , and we , therefore , pronounce M'Douall unworthy the name ofa patriot . And furthermore , we express our

      unshaken confidence in Mr . O'Connor , and beg leave to assure him that so long as he continues in that straightforward and unden ' ating course which lie has hitherto pursued , he is deserving and will have the co-operation and support of every honest Chartist and every working man in the kingdom . " Proposed by Mr . Hawkins seconded by Mr . Flaxinan , " That the thanks of this meeting are due and are hereby given to the Manchester Council for the praiseworthy manner in which they have conducted the investigation between Dr . M'DouftU and Feargus O'Consor , Esq . " --On the motion of Mr . Giles , seconded by Mr . Page , Thomas Clark , Christopher Doyle , Philip M'Grath , Feargua O'Connor , and Thos . M . Wheeler , were nominated as candidates to the Executive Committee .

      HAMILTON . At the usual weekltc meeting of the Ohartist body here , the following motion was proposed by Mr . Archibald Walker , seconded by Mr . James Raet , and carried with acclamation— " That we , the Chartists of Hamilton , highly approve of Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., in appearing before the Manchester Councilat Carpenters Hall , to investigate the charges brought against him by Dr . M'Douail , and do fed satisfied , from the evidence given'before that body , that he acted an honourable part . And wo hereby express our confidence in tlie true and disinterested patriotism of that gentleman , and hope that he will continue to advocate the cause of the industrious classes , and that he will out live tho persecution of his professed friends and open foes . "

      BIRMINGHAM . On Sunday last , February 23 rd , we held an interesting meeting ; Mr . Saunders read Mr . Duncombe's speech , after which Mr . Candy gave sin eloquent lecture . The following resolution was carried unanimously— "That in the opinion of tlvis meeting T . S . Duncombe , Esq ., is entitled to ' our thanks for his manly conduct in defending the rights of the many . " Ship Tavern Locality . —At a meeting of the members , held on Tuesday last , the sum of £ 3 was handed in for the Duncombe Testimonial . The following resoluton was adopted— "That the best thanks of this meeting be given to T . S . Duncombe , Esq ,, for tlie honest and straightforward manner in which he has exposed the Post-office espionage , and . we call upon him to proceed in the patriotic course he has hitherto pursued . "

      BRADFORD . Lecture . —On Sunday a lecture was delivered in Butterworth ' s Buildings , by E . Huriy . On Sunday evening the members of the General Council met in their Room , when arrangements were made to take the opinion of the members resident in the locality on the means to be adopted in respect of sending a delegate to the forthcoming Conference . It was agreed that the Observation Committee should immediately take steps to secure the election of Chartists to the Board of Surveyors , on the 23 tli of March next . Chartist Constables . —On Friday last a vestry meeting was held iri the Episcopalian Chapel , f torton , to make out a list of eighty able-bodied men , beiween the age of twenty-five and fifty-five years ,

      such list to be presented to the magistrates in petty sessions , for them to select twenty-seven as constables for the ensuing year . The vestry-room was crowded principally by working men . Mr . Lumby was called to the chair . After the notice had been read convening the meeting , Mr . Smyth said he wished to put a question to the chair . Was there any clause in the Constables Act that excluded residents of the township from voting and nominating persons to serve as constables , provided such persons were not ratepayers ? The reason he wished this point to be decided was , that at all former meetings it was an understanding that none but rate-payers could take part in the business for which they were now met . If there was a clause in the Act which confined tlie

      vestry to rate-payevs only , he would be thankful t have it r ead to the meeting . —The overseer replied , " The meeting was not confined to rate-payers , tlm Qualification was , that the constables must be rated at £ 4 per annum . " . The constable ' s salary k » nest brought before the meeting , when Mr . O . White moved , seconded by Squire Auty , '" . That-the" resolution , of last year , allowing the constant M 20 iov his services , be rescinded . " On bcin ^ nut , H was carried unanimously . Three lists of constables were then proposed , one by Mr . Crabtree . containing fortynames , nearly all Whigs ; one by Au . ty . composed of Tories , Whigs , and Chartists ; and-one by White and Smith , composed of Chartists . . . Tlia whole of tho Chartists proposed were caviled , , and the meeting broke up satisfied at the selection . v

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      Lo . -ydo . y Cobs Excuaxof ., Monda y , Feb . 21 , —The arrivals of wheat and outs from our own coast were rather large during the past week , but of English larley the supply was only moderate . From Scotland a plentiful supply of oats a-v . il a fair quantity ofbarlevcame to hand , whilst from Ireland the receipts of oats were . abundant . Of beans and peas tho arrivals were principally from our own coast , and of neither article were they large . . From abroad a cargo of wheat and one of beans , with a few small parcels of barley and oats , have come forward during the past eight days . At this morning's market there was a moderate show of wheat by lamhcarmge samples from the home counties ; not much barley Iresh

      up , and few oats , beans , or peas from any ojiarter ; The weather has been mild since yesterday , and field labours are likely to be almost immediately commenced . There was rather an improved demand for wheat , and fine dry qualities moved off readily at the currency of this day se ' nnight ; secondary sorts did not sell so freely , but former terms were well supported . In foreign wheat there was not much passing , and quotations underwent no change requiring notice . Li bond IWe was nothing whatever doing . Flour was not mucli inquired after , but prices were not lower . Superior malting barley was more saleable , and quite as dear ; whilst the demand for other descriptions continues languid . The transactions in

      malt were to a limited extent , and the value of the article remained nominally unaltered . The oat trade was by no means active , the principal dealers being unwilling to buy except at reduced rates , whilst factors declined accepting lower terms . Beans were sought aftcy , and nearly all cleaved off early in the day at fully former prices . The operations in peas were on a restricted scale , and there is no improvement to note either in the demand for , or price of , the article . Cloverseed moved off tardily at precisely the same rates as last week . The proposed repeal of the duty on tares had not much effect on the business in that article , nor were other sorts of seeds influenced by the alteration in the tariff , quotations oflinsccd , vapeseed , &c , remaining unvaried .

      CURUENT TRICED OF GUMS , PER IMPERIAL QUARTER .-Bnlkh . g b s a Wheat , 'Essex , & Kent , new & old red i'l 48 White 50 3 t Norfolk and Lincoln . ... do 43 46 Ditto 48 50 Nbrthum . and Scotch white 42 46 Fine 48 52 Irish red old 0 0 Red 42 U White 45 48 Ityo Old 31 32 Xew 80 32 Brauk 35 88 Barley Grinding . . 26 28 Distil . 29 31 Malt . 32 36 Malt Brown .... 54 5 C Pale 58 62 "Wave 63 G 5 Beans Tick&old < fencw 30 34 Harrow 38 88 Pigeon 38 42 Peas Grey 32 88 Maple 89 . 34 White 36 40 Oats Iancolns & Yorkshire Peed 21 23 Poland 23 25 Scotch ........ Angus 22 24 Potato 24 2 S Irish White 20 22 Black 20 22 Per 280 Ib . net . s s Pev 280 lb . net . s s Town-made V \ ow ... 42 44 Norfolk < fc Stockton 33 34 Essex aud Kent .... 3 i 35 Irish ....... S 5 3 G 3 ? ree . Bond

      Foreign . s g s B ^ eat , Dsvfttsic , KenwgBbwg , fee & 2 eo se 49 Marks , Mecklenburg 48 64 32 85 Danish , Holstein , and Fricslandred 44 47 28 30 — Russian , Hard 44 4 ( J Soft ... 44 47 26 28 Italian , Bed . . 4 C 50 White . . 50 52 30 32 ¦ . ¦ . - Spanish , Hai < d . 4 G 50 Soft .... 48 52 so 32 Rye , Baltic , Dried , ... 30 32 Undvied .. 31 32 2122 Barley , ¦ Grinding . 20 28 Malting . . 31 33 22 28 Beans , ; Ticks . . 80 34 Egyptian . 31 32 26 30 Peas , White . . 36 38 Maple . . 33 3 * 28 30 Oats , Dutch , Brew and Thick 24 25 19 21 Russian feed , 21 22 15 16 Danish , Friesland feed 21 23 15 17 Flour , per barrel 25 27 19 20

      London Smithfiem > Cattle Market , Mondat , Feb . 24—During the week ending on Saturday ^ , the un . por . ts of foreign stock into London comprised sixtyfive head of beasts and ninety sheep , all from Holland . At the outports no arrivals nave taken , place from any quarter . " As to the general quality of tlie above importations , there were some extremely well made-up beasts amongst them ; but the sheep were not in that good condition we have before noticed ^ The whole of the above stock having been disposed of here on Friday , we had none on sale this morning ; but a large number of beasts and sheep may be expected in the course of a few days . The supply of beasts from our own distwcls being somewhat on the increase , and the attendance of both town . and country buyers by no means numerous , tlie beef trade was extremely dull , at a decline in tlie currencies obtained en Monday last of 2 d . ner 81 b . —the very highest

      figure for the best Scots not exceeding 4 s . per 81 b ., and a clearance was not effected . From Norfolk , Suffolk , Essex , and Cambridgeshire we received 1600 Scots and homebreds ; from , the northern grazing counties , 300 short-horns ; from the western and midland districts , 500 llerefords , Dcvons , Tunts , &c . ; from other parts of England , 400 of various breeds ; and from Scotland , 140 horned and polled Scots . The numbers of sheep were tolerably good , but hot to say extensive . For most breeds the demand was very steady , at fully , but at nothing quotable beyond last week's currencies . Prime old Downs produced 4 s . 4 d . per 81 b . We had a very limited number of calves on offer , yet the veal trade was heavy , on easier terms—the extreme quotation not exceeding 5 s . per 81 b . Neat small porkers were in fair request : but all other qualities sold heavily . About 2000 ghovn sheep and 200 kmls were on the market . By the quantities of 81 b ., sinking the offal . s . d . s . d . Inferior coarse teasts ... 2 6 2 10 Second quality .... 3 0 3 * Prime large oxen . 8 G S 8 Prime Scots , tfcc 3 10 4 0 Coarse inferior sheep . . . ' 2 10 -3 2 Second quality .... 3 4 3 8 Prime coarse woolled ... 8 10 4 0 Prime Southdown .... 4241 large coarse calves . . . . 3 10 4 6 Prime small i 8 5 9 SucWing calves , each . . . 18 0 So o Large hogs 3 0 S 6 Neat small porkers . . . 3 10 4 i Quartev-old store pigs , each . . 1 C 0 J ! 0 O

      IIEAD OP CATTLE OS SA 1 E . ( From the Books of the Clerk of the Market . ) Beasts , 2 , 003—Sheep , 26 , 310-Calves , 64—Pigs , 321 . Richmond Corn Market , Feb . 22 . —We had a large supply of Grain in our market to-day , which only had a dull sale , and the prices much the same as last week : —Wheat sold from 5 s . to 6 s . 8 d . ; oats , 2 s . 2 d . to 3 s .: barley , 3 s . 6 d . to 4 s . ; beaus , 4 s , 3 d . to 4 s . 9 d 4 per bushel .

      Maschesteb Cobn Mahket , Monday , Feb . 22 . — During the week our market has varied very little , if any , from its previously monotonous character , nothing more than a limited retail business having been transacted in any article , for the supply of the immediate consumptive wants of tlie purchasers , for which lower rates have been generally accepted . The greatest inactivity prevailed in the demand for wheat at our market this morning , and we repeat our previous quotations nominally . Flour was also in very limited request , and the best descriptions must be noted fully Cd . per sack cheaper ; whilst on mid « dlingand interior brands it was necessary to submit to a further reduction . Both oats and oatmeal . met a very slow sale , at a decline of * d . per 431 b 3 , on the former , and 3 d . toCd . per 240 lbs . on the latter article . Beans were but little inquired for , and the turn lower .

      Liverpool Coiur Market , Monday , Fi ; b . 24 .. — During the last seven days we have received about 13 , 000 sacks of Flour from Ireland , but of grain and oatmeal the imports have been moderate . The duty on foreign barley has advanced Is ., say to 5 s . per quarter . Extreme dulness lias continued to pervade the trade generally , and most articles have receded more or less in value . We have to quote liest runs of Irish wheat id ., secondary qualities 2 d . per bushel ; flouv Is . pev sack , and oatmeal Cd . per load cheaper than at the close of last weolc . Foreign wheat lias been much neglected , though offering on rather easier terms . The best mealing oats have been held at 3 s ., but a parcel or two of very j , « k 1 quality have been sold at 2 s . . lid . per 46 lbs , 0 ) -e or two lots of grinding barley changed hands -, vi ) . &&x Friday ' s market at a small abatement from uravivun rates . Peas are quoted without change . " Seems have declined from Is . to 2 s . per quarter ; 1 : 1 ' . - vptians have been sold at 31 s . per 4801 bs .

      Liverpool Cattie Market , Mos » a \ , i '' r . a . 24 . — We have had a fair supply of all kinds of cattle at market to-day , with a numerous attendaacft ot buyers . Prices much the same as f > i" ' ate . Anything good eagerly sought after , and roaliiy sold at the following pvices : —Beef , 514 . ty * W .., mutton , ' 6 KL to 7 d . per Ib . —Cattle impi > rU " . l into Liverpool , from the 17 th to the 24 th Feb .: —Cows , 1277 ; calves , 24 ; sheep , 1842 ; lambs , ' . 'd ; pigs , 749 C ; horses , 0 . Leeds Cioim Market . —There is not much variation in the state of the cloth trade this week—if any , it is a tendency to improvement .

      Lkeds Cons Market , Tcebbax , Feb . 25 . —Qur arrivals are moderate of all articles for this day ' s market , !> nt there is a fair show of wheat samples from vessels waiting below . The wheat trade reluaiiis inactive , the millers only buy to meet their present wants , and the demand , although steady , is not to any great extent , at last week ' s price 3 . The supply of fine barley is short , and late prices are in consequence pretty well supported , inferior qualities continue dull . New beans have declined in value Is . per quarter . Oats , shelling , and other articles without variation . :

      York Cobn Market , Feb . 22 . —We have a large supply of wheat , _ but small of other , grain . We note little altfevatiott in the trade ; the former , however , manifest _ a disposition to resist any further reduction in price , and the business transacted in all descriptions of grain has been at the prices of last week . Maltox Corx Market , Feb . 25 . —We . have a good supply of wheat offering to this day ' s market , but short of barley and oats . Wheat heavy sale , and rather lower ; in barley and oats we make nu alteration . Wheat , red new , 44 s . to 47 s . ; white \ 5 o . . . 48 s . to 50 s . ; red do ., old , 49 s . to 51 s . ; vrtiHu 0 « . > 52 s . to 54 s . perqr . of 4 C stones . Barley , 2 ( te . to 30 a . per qr . of -32 stones . Oats 9 jd . to tOJd . per stone .

      Comsipoittrenrft

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      Goldex H ' riri so Tradesmen . — A man of the world who keeps an early purl-house in Tottenhanicourt-roitil , assures us he has avoided serving on juries / by the following simple method : —He lent the beata ' cwJiw came , with a summons live years ago the . vju . ' . of five shillings , and , strange to [ say , he has ucvw sccri liim since . —Amc / i .

      ^«——I^I—*—¦— Wmmmr ———^ Iwarfeet Entdlumue *

      ^«——i ^ i—*—¦— wmmmr ———^ iWarfeet Entdlumue *

      ^^^^^^^^^ *~ * * ~" * " " " " "- Ggi'frulture Ari& Gmtitulture*

      ^^^^^^^^^ *~ * * ~ " * " " " " " - ggi'frulture ari& gmtitulture *

      C&Arttet Lntrhfgtntt«

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      TO THE DEMOCRATS OF FIFE . Dear Friends , —It is with feelings of the deepest concern that I have read in last week ' s Star , of the death of that sterling democrat , and prince of men , 1 ' honest John Duncan . " The Chartists of Scotland , and Fife in particular , owe a debt of gratitude to his memory , for , wherever his presence was required , there was he to be found advocating the cause of right against might . Moreover , at the last general election , John Duncan was chosen by you , and declared by the Sheriff duly elected as your representative to Parliament . Let this gratitude be shown in something more substantial than mere grief at his loss . By his death , Mrs . Duncan and family have been deprived of the most affectionate of husbands and the most indulgent of parents ; and if one thine

      distracted his mind more than another , it was the thought of leaving his wite and family to the tender mercies ofa cold and selfish world . My object in addressing you is to make a simple appeal in'behalf of the disconsolate widow , and to state that , at the suggestion of some friends , I have sent £ 1 to Mr , Kydd , of Dundee , to be appropriated for this purpose , being part of the balance of the county delegate fund still lying in my hands . The balance in my hand ? , as audited and found correct at the last meeting , is £ 1 18 s . lid ., so that 18 s . lid . will still remain . If the several districts in the county approve of this , or

      if I receive no announcement to the contrary , I will remit the whole of the money in hand , as 1 conceive it cannot be appropriated to a more benevolent object . If any of the districts should feel called on to collect a trifle for the same purpose , they can either send it | to me , or remit it to Mr . Kydd , 7 , Wellgate , Dundee ; a gentleman whose disinterested exertions in behalf of Mr . Duncan , while under indictment , and ever since , is beyond all praise . Trusting this appeal will not be made in vain , •" '" lam , &c , William Melville . Markinch , 24 th Feb ., 1845 .

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      ¦ p . TO TUB TAILOES OP LONBON . Fellow Tradesmen , —As the time is drawing nigh when the Conference of the United Trades will be held , allow us to ask— " Is it right that such a large body of men should remain unrepresented ? Is it just for us to be so supine to our own interests , and so thoughtless in regard of the welfare of the working men of the other trades as to stand idlv by , not even expressing a wish to join that noble band , who ave strenuously endeavouring to establish the rights of their order ? In looking overjthe list of Trades representatives , the question has arisen with us— " Where are the tailors ? what arc they doing ? why are they not represented ? " Let us appeal to those who ar e in trade . Think of our suffering brethren—think of their suffering wives and children , and then think that , ere long , it might be your fate . Have we not

      innumerable and melancholy instances of the grinding system of the monopolists in our trade—the Hyams ' , Moses ' , &e . ? There are plenty , unfortunately , of those greedy monopolists in the provinces as well as in London . To those men who have worked in the provincial towns , who have suffered by such a system , but have had the good fortune , when they came to London , to get a constant shop , we say , do not allow it to be said that you have tunned the aristocrat of JOUV trade to keep the ruling power in your own ands , careless of the interests of their less fortunate brethren . Brethren in trade , we say up ! up \ and be doing . Labour ' s sons have a leader ; support himgive your aid—send in your delegates—and , in conjunction with the other trades , Labour ' s cause must be triumphant . J . B . Merry , W . A . Weller . Minerva-place , Hampstead , Feb . 25 , 1845 .

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      m O T March 1 , 1845 . TRt ^^^ % Ml ^! : . ^ . ^ e 7 -

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), March 1, 1845, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1304/page/7/