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Northern Star (1837-1852), 18th January 1845, Edition 1 of 4, Page 7

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  • Departments (4)
    • mgvicultuvc and WortUultuvc.
    • smnct ann girt
    • * 5attfcrupt0, St.
    • MARKET INTELLIGENCE. ^'VO^WVVkniWVWV\^VVn/lAVtA/WWWWWVVVVWWV\MWVW^WW>/VWV
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      Untitled Article

      HoHncELXEBE . —Since the date of oar last artiele the weather has been unusually mild , and a favourable opportunity has been presented for thoroughly ventilating all the plant-houses , pits , fiames , < fcc . Those -who have the convenience of a small forcing pit mav commence forcing a few rhododendrons , azaleas , * Chinese azaleas , Chvna roses , hydrangeas , Persian lilacs , &c , which , if gently forced , " will come into yoom at a most desirable period , and make the conservatory very gay in the month of March , April , and May . A pit heated with hot water is best adapted for tiiis purpose , as the heat is mild and regular , and altogether more congenial to the growth of the plants than the ordinary smoke flues . Such a pit might be

      constructed at a very small expense , and "would prove invaluable to those who love to see flowers in their greenhouse the whole year round . The pit should be constructed with a narrow passage at the back , so that in cold weather the plants might be watered and attended to without removing the sashes . It would be an improvement if a small portion of tlsepit were fitted up with a hot water tank , in order that a gentle bottom heat might be provided for those plants which prefer such treatment . A pit consisting of four or five lights would he sufficiently large to furnish a moderate-sized conservatory with blooming plants during the winter and springmonths . The same boiler -would heat the water in the tank as well as that in the pipes . Those commencing to

      force should maintain a temperature of from 50 to 60 degrees by day , and from 40 to 50 degrees by night . Let the plants 1 ms properly attended to with water , and slightly syringed in the middle of the day with I water which has been standing some time in the pit . — The Greenhouse . The early-geraniums are throw ing up their trusses of bloom , and should he neatly staked out , and the plants should be frequently turned about to induce a Tegular growth . Guano water may be liberally supplied , taking care that it is sufficiently diluted , especially if the imported guano be used * ; -we prefer Potter ' s guano for plant cultivation , —The Flower-garden . A few of the half-hardy annuals , such as KemophyHa Clarkia , &c ., may be sown in pans , and placed on a shelf in the greenhouse ; they

      will come in well for early planting out . —The Vinery . Those "who intend to commence forcing their vinery in February , should shut up the hothouse from this time , and should lay on a good coating of long dung over the vine border . The vines may be syringed once a day . —The Etchen-garden . Continue the pruning and nailing of the wall trees , and the pruning of ah * the small fruits . —BeWs Weekly Messenger . F « misT 3 * Fmwebs . —Tulips win soon be showing themselves , especially where planted early : though , in consequence of the wet weather in Jfoveinber , several large and first-rate collections were not put in the ground till very late : this is very prejudicial to the future bloom . —Carnations are this season

      generally lealthy ; yet they also must receive every attention .- especially by keeping them free from dead or decaying leaves , or from too much moisture . Take care never to close the frames when the foliage chances to be wet , as this is extremely pernicious , and induces " mildew and other diseases , which often seriously affect a whole collection . —Tatis . Look orer the beds , and fasten those plants which have been raised by the late frost . Do not yet replace any casualties , but wait till nearer spring , when the blanks may be filled up with safety . Continue to use every precaution as to protection , &c . Turn composts , aad feeep a vigilant eye for destructive insects .

      Cottagers' Caiexdab . —At this season , when there is little to bs done in the way of cropping , everything around the cottage should lie made clean and neat ; all Vegetable refose should be collected to rot for manure—nothing of this Mud should be lost . While the weather is favourable , a sowing of Marshall ' s Dwarf , Prolific or Mazagan Beans may be made . They may be sown in drills about eighteen inches apart , and planted about three inches apart in the drilL A sowing of the Early Frame Pea , if not already done , may also now be made on a warm border . For this crop the seeds mav be sown pretty thickly , and

      m case of hard frost they should be protected by fern or furze , « tc . ; and some of the latter chopped * may be put in the drills to prevent the ravages of mice . As autumn is the best time for pruning all kinds of fruit trees , even ihe peach , every opportunity that occurs should be embraced for performing the operation . Gooseberries and currants , if not already pruned , may now be done , so as to allow the ground to be dug amongst them ; and all vacantgroundshould be turned . up rough as early as possible , in order that it may receive the benefit of the frost .

      " Hojie" asd " Foreign" Manures . —In many localities there is a great waste of valuable manures , through neglect and want of skill or energy in not adopting proper means to collect them . In some neighbourhoods these manures , thus allowed to run to waste , are a complete nuisance ; while large sums of moneyare annually expended for foreign manures , the fertilising properties of which , in many cases , are exhausted in the first season : besides -which , ihe farmer is often cheated by the infamous tricks practised by some of the dealers in these manures . There can be no doubt that much good has been derived from guano , &c , and that more may be expected when the proper mode of their application is more generally understood . But this does not leave us with any excuse for neglecting the valuable resources which we possess ourselves .

      The Son . wnx pbodcce its own Maxubes . —The soil will never become exhausted if properly treated , but frill continue to improve in depth , parity , and fertility , by an increased attention being paid to it . It is true that the food of plants may be exhausted in any soil by a continuced succession of cropping of anyone family or order , through our own neglect , or our ignorance of the proper way of returning to the soil the beneficial properties it stands in seedoi The soil itself does not require what is commonly called rest ; but is always ready to yield her beautiful products most bountifully , if we only combine in its management foresight ,

      judgment , and industry : under such a discipline she will produce a sufficiency of the most natural manures for every succeeding production . A very useful fertiliser , and , to a considerable extent , useful manure , maybe obtained in many localities , by cliarring or carbonising materials which are now of but little " value , and , in many cases , ar t almost entirely lost to all useful purposes—such as tan , sawfosti , chips , and refuse from timber yards , hedgetrimmings , sodft turf , and all kinds of refuse vegeta tion . The experience of many years has taught that the application of these things in a carbonised state Is productive of the most beneficial effects .

      Charcoal , ob Burst Vegetable Matter , as A Febhusbb , —As some persons bare not been so successful as they expected to be in the use of this fertiliser , they ought to know that thorough drainage must be the grand object kept in view ; in other words , there must be a free admission of the atmospheric air into the earth , or but little benefit will be derived from charcoal . It is toits absorbing and condensing properties , and its giving off its useful properties slowly but permanently , when the atmosphere has free admission , that its value is attributable . The result of a long experience is simply thiswihat those p lants to which charcoal has are always the healthiest , the most luxuriant , and Qie best rooted . When the drainage has been imperfect or slovenly , invariably the contrary effects have been produced , although the quality and pro Portions of the soils have been ihe same as in the other case .

      GcASO SCIEXUFICALLT SPOKES OF . — " HOME" Maxcbe ihe best . —When Sir Robert Peel , in his address to the fanners of Tamworth , called their attention to guano , he did so under the impression that it might be a means for increasing the fertility of the land , and a panacea for their losses occasioned by the tariff and the new Corn Laws . Since then , the most extravagant encomiums have been published in its favour , many of which , may be traced to persons interested in its * ale . 1 am not going to deny , that , as a means for assisting to raise an occasional crop of turnips for cuttle food , it may answer ; but I much wish to bring the attention of ianners to the fact , that , at best , four cwt . of guano can only force a crop of corn at the expense of other materials in the

      land ; and in so doing , having supplied only 3001 b . or 4001 b . of ihe elements of vegetation , it will take from the soil some tons . Its use , therefore , must , unless other sources of nutriment are supplied , cause disappointment , or a rapid exhaustion of the land , to its permanent injury . An application of four ewt . t > f guano , of which about 121 b . per ewt . is water , is considered a full dressing for an acre of hind , whilst a trop of corn takes away 40001 bs . to oOOOlbs . of the same elements that constitute guano . The following table shows the actual elements of vegetation in the se veral crops taken in four years , and after a dressu > g , and prior to another application ; and although a small portion may be supposed to have been taken « om the air and moisture , still the necessity that IS always experienced in practice for periodically ^ uschating the land , and the difference in the ^ eid after the application of manure , as contrasted ^ th ihe sterilitv caused by continued cropping witht

      ° BK--aovation , " show that the principal portion of Pots , if not ihe entire , must be derived from matter J ^ ilie sol ] . The rotation of cropping hitherto con-« a ved to be the most enlightened and profitable is ^ efonMonrse—of turnips , oats or barley , seeds , and * " 6 at By beginning with a dressing , and by the Jtesmnption on the ground of the turnips , sufficient " . c onsidered to have been bestowed on the land to adr ** « l two crops of corn and one of hay being taken r * " ? ut further manuring . That this should be suc-S *™ practice , aud without detriment io the soil fart ^ Sias been applied , is readily shown by the twfcrf * tne dressing consists of from fifteen to ^ r-fitetonsperacre ; whilst thecrops , when dried , in ,, *?*? only-about five tons ; and when the water W i < luu - i * 3 been removed , it is curious , but ** , i « at the debtor and creditor acconnt of the nr-ari 6 f ^ tter applied and withdrawn may be said fif * * > balance : But should the dressing have £ * " Z guano , allowing the same return to have M o btained ) but which 1 do not for a moment be-

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      lieve possible ) the acre will have lost ll . OoOlbs . of nutriment , 400 lbs . alone having been supplied . It is clear , therefore , either that guano cannot "he for the corn what dungwill ; or , if if does , it mult be by stimulating the inert matter already in existence in the soil , and of course at the expense of latent nutriment , and to the impoverishment of the land for the future . An acre of land , cropped with turnips , oats , seeds , and wheat , allowing the turnips to have been ted on the ground , and only one crop of hay taken , affords , exclusive of water , * the following -reisht ; of the elements of vegetation : — Proince of an Acre in Four Tears . When Composition , dried . Car . Hyd . Ox . Nit . Ash . - x ffis- ® s . tts . lbs . fl > s . Bs . ffis . Oats 2 , 240 1 , 900 963 122 C 97 42 76 Thtto Straw .. 3 , 883 2 , 750 1 , 378 148 1 , 073 11 140 Hay 3 , 024 2 , 400 1 , 137 120 908 50 185 Wheat 1 , 890 1 , 600 735 3 i 695 37 39 Ditto Straw .. 3 , 240 2 , 400 1 , 181 127 935 9 163

      14 , 28211 , 050 5 , 374 611 4 , 308 149 608 The loss b y cropping , experienced in both farming and gardening , as proved , may be regained only by dressings ; it is , therefore , most unreasonable to suppose that by any means the appropriation of 400 lb . of guano can supply the materials here shown to be withdrawn . The elements of guano are precisely the same as those removed by the growth of these crops ; they likewise agree with those of yard manure , differing only in the relative proportions of their components , and guano is remarkable . only for the larger proportion of nitrogen and its quicker ' deconiposition . It is to the latter quality that its success in promoting the early growth of the turnip plant is owing ; but that it affords the materials for a single cron of corn

      I think I have shown to be impossible , and , if so , the landowners are greatly prejudicing themselves by persuading their tenants to use it . Unfortunately , the only purpose to which I think it may be applied is , in forcing beyond the reach of the fly the early growth of the young turnip plant . I fear its use for this purpose may be mischievous is . lessening the- apparent necessity and proper application of stock excrement . In that case , gradual , although certain , deterioration of the land wffl result . I wish to caution fanners not to expect 400 lbs . of guano to raise 11 , 050 lbs . of corn and hay , lest , like the pursuit of the philosopher ' s stone , or of tho essence of food ( of which a pill a day was to suffice for a strong man ) , they , like the alchemists of old , waste their labour and their means in their pursuit of an unattainable end . I think it is absurd to imagine that vegetable growth can be attained otherways than by the consumption or transmutation of an equal amount of

      elementary matter . To give the earth a ton to get back a ton , sounds reasonable and plausible ; but to imagine that the materials of one can produce eleven , is Heave thereadertosupply the hiatus . —Hewitt Davis . —Spring Tark , near Croydon . The Murrain on the Continent . — -The disease which has reigned among the horned cattle of Bohemia since the end of October is the contagious typhus . It commenced in the frontier province of Southern Russia , from whence it was propagated into Gallicia , and was carried by some oxen from Gallicia to Moravia , and thence to Bohemia . The malady not heingvecognised at the commencement , no sequestration or interruption of communication took place , and the typhus , therefore , obtained an extension . No sanatory cordon has been placed on the frontier of Bavaria , nor is it considered necessary , as the most efficacious means are now adopted in Bohemia to cheek the progress of the disease , and arrive at the extinction of it .

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      Pahis Acadejit of Sciences . —Sitting op Jan . 6 . —Several communications were received of real or imaginary improvements in railway travelling , with a view to the security of passengers ; but if we are to judge from what has occurred in the case of the Marquis de Jouflroy , it will be months or even years before a report is made upon their merits . The only communication of apparent interest at this sitting was one from M . Chaussenot , announcing that he has invented a compteur ( indicator ) marking the rate of speedat which , a railway train travels . Is M . Chaussenot aware that what he announces as a new invention of his own was invented and exhibited in Paris three years ago by Mr . Wroughton , an English

      gentleman ? We saw the working model of Mr . Wroughton's indicator . It marked the rate of speed in an entire line , andin such a way that the clerft at every station could know as well at what rate the train had travelled over every part of the road as the conductor , in whose charge the indicator was to be placed . This invention , which was perfect in every part , was submitted to the Minister of Public "Works , and by him referred to the Inspector-General of Ponts-et-Chaussees ; but , although Mr . Wroughton , who is a man of property , required no remuneration , having only the public good in view , his invention was not adopted . We hope M . Chaussenot may be more successful , but the merit of originality does not lie with him . M . Peltier informed the academy that he has ascertained that

      copper wires , long exposed to the action of the electric fluid , become very brittle . This is a very important fact as connected with electrical telegraphs in which the wires are numerous and externally placed , as is the case with those of Professor Wheatstone ' s telegraph , but the objection does not apply to the electrical telegraph invented by Mr . Bain , and which has been described in the Journal des Chemins de Fer . Mr . Bain accomplishes every thing with one wire placed underground , in a coat of bitumen , and which cannot therefore \ ffeak , however \> rifcfleit may be rendered by the action of the fluid . In a notice of one of the sittings , manymonths ago , we mentioned an ingenious apparatus by a M . Chuart , the object of which is to indicate the danger from fire-damp , or the escapes of

      lydrogen gas , used for the purposes of lighting . Scarcely a month passes without some account of explosions in shops , cellars , &c ., from the escape ot gas on the sudden application of alight , the mere smell of the gasnot being found , as it ought to be , a sufficient warning against the use of a light , until a window should be opened to admit a free current of air , and diminish the proportion of hydrogen gas , so as to render it incxplosible . M . Chuart ' s invention consists of aball or globe , contained in a chemical solution highly sensible to any deterioration of the atmosphere , and acting upon a lever which sets an index in motion , and thus shows the vitiated state of the atmosphere , whether in a mine or elsewhere , long before the common air can be so saturated

      with gas as to explode on the application of a light . The idea is exceedingly ingenious , and the application of it would be useful wherever gasis used for lighting , if we could believe that people who are so negligent as not to take warning by the smell of escaped gas , would like the trouble of watching the index of a gas indicator . M . Chuart has indeed added to his invention an alarum bell , which is struck by the lever when the ball is thrown off its equilibrium by the vitiated state of the atmosphere . Since M . Chuart first exhibited his apparatus , he has made ; a great improvement . His ball or globe was originally of glass , which was not only too heavy , but was also Sable to breakage . He now makes it of copper , so very thin that its weight is almost nominal , and yet it is perfect in every part . We understand that lie has arrived at this perfection by means of the galvanic process , which gives a thinner substance than any

      mechanical means could effect consistently with the compactness that is required for the certain operation of the apparatus . M . Chatin made a communication * f much interest in relation io ihe question lately put to the academy , as to whether the sale of arsenic might be prohibited without material injury to the purposes of science and domestic economy for which it is used ? One of the objects to the prohibition of this poison was its use in the treatment of grain , to prevent the development of gmut . M . Chatin states , as the result of several experiments , that the use of arsenic on seed corn does not prevent the development of this disease , and therefore that , as regards this application of the poison , no injury could be sustained by the prohibition of the sale , It may be well to observe here that com , to the seeds of which arsenic is applied , is not impregnated at all by the poison ; there is no trace whatever of it as the vegeative process proceeds .

      The Stabs . —It has long been concluded amongst astronomers that the stars , though they only appear to our eyes as brilliant points , are all to be considered as suns , representingsomany solar systems , each bearingageneialresemblancetoour own . Thestarshave a brilliancy and apparent magnitude which we may safely presume to be in proportion to thoir- actual size , and the distance at which they are placed from us . Attempts have been made to ascertain the distance of some of the stars by calculations founded on parallax , it being previously understood that , if a parallax of so much as one second , or the 3 , 600 th of a degree , could be ascertained in any one instance , the distance might be assumed in that instance as not ess than 19 , 200 , 000 , 000 of miles ! In the case of the

      most brilliant star , Sirius , even this minute parallax could not be found ; from which , of course , it was to be inferred that the distance of that star is something beyond the vast distance which has been stated . In some others , on which the experiment has been tried , no sensible parallax could be detected ; from which the same inference was to be made in their case . But a sensible parallax of about one second has been ascertained in the case of the double star , aa , of the constellation of the Centaur , and one of the third of that amount for the double star , 61 Cygni ; which wave reason to presume that the distance of the ? ni ™ r * Tnijrhtboabout 20 . 000 , 000 , 000 of miles , and

      the latter of much greater amount . If we suppose that similar intervals exist between all the stars , we shall readily see that the space occupied by even the comparatively small number visible to thenaked eye , must be vast beyond all powers of conception . — Vestiges of the Natural Sistory of Creation . Pidmagb of Birds . —A ; instance of the effect of carbonaceous food , upon the colour of birds , is exemplified by feeding the common bullfinch , for a lengthened period , on rape seed . Under the influence of this diet , the scarlet plumage on the breast will be observed gradually to turn brown , and , by its further continuance , ultimately to change to a dirty blacK .

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      ANOTHER "VISITATION OF GOD ?" SHAME OX THE BLASPHEMER WlTd WOULD SAT SO ! AWOURXED INQUEST ., On Friday , the 3 rd inst ., the inquest upon Thomas James , who was killed by an explosion at the Buck Bor Coluert , near Bishop Auckland—which is certainly an extensive one , and , as a matter of course , now that human life has been sacrificed , no doult "one of the best ventilated mines in the north of England "—was resumed in the school-house of the colliery , before T . Trotter , Esq . ; than whom a more impartial , courteous , and diligent coroner cannot exist . The inquest stood adjourned from Thursday , loth ult ., to afford ample time to ascertain the whole ot the facts of the case . The necessary and customary preliminaries having been gone through , the first witness called was Andrew Davis , a hewer , a poor mangled object , who deposed as follows : I went into the air course . There was a little airbut not the usual quantity :

      , Mr . bilroy toldme to go up the headways-course to see if there was anything to impede the way . I went there with a naked candle : I lifted my hand to preve ? a falling on the plate , and the explosion took place , 1 am much burned in my arms and hands , but got out by myself . It was in the new incline where the explosion took place . On the day I got burned I was m very many places in the pit , I thought them in a fit state to work in . The explosion did not knock the brattice down ; I can detect the gas on the candle —detected it on this occasion ; I never worked in that part of the pit ; / did not take a lamp , because it k not the practice to do so ; I know of no danger ; I am not acquainted with the workings in that part of By Mr . Marshall ( who attended on behalf of the owners ) : My orders from Mr . Gilroy were to see if any stones had fallen in the way to impede the aircourse ; I have been nearly thirteen years at the colliery . '

      By the Coroner : I have -worked at the broken ; never saw any explosive gas , a * danger . Mr . Marshall : Mr . Coroner , I wish you , to take that down . The Coroner : I take down what I consider material . Witness : I have seen the nature of gas with Mr . Gih-oy trying it . Saw an explosion at West Moor ; a lad was burned there . I was told to go through the Stentin door , but did not do so ; had I done so I should have been safe . There are two troubles in that part of the pit . The dayy-lamps are never used on this colliery , except a time by chance when there is a . fall . I had once a lamp at a fall , but only once . I have wrought at all the other fiats in the pit but this one .

      Thomas Simpson sworn : I live at Shiney Row ; ama _ shifter at Black Boy Colliery : I was burned at this colliery on 19 th February last , in the crosscut flat , which is a different direction to the place of the late explosion . Never used a lamp all the time I have been in the colliery , which is sixteen years . Did not know but that she was clean , or should not have gone to seek my shovel . Have known lamps used sometimes in dangerous places ; have no idea how many times a lamp has been used . Mr . Halliday questioned the -witness as to liow many times he had known the pit fire , but elicited no positive fact . It was rumoured , however , that she had fired theprevious day , and which was the third time within the last fortnight .

      By Mr . Halliday * . No additional precautions arc taken after she fires to prevent a recurrence—they just go on as usual , as if nothing had happened . Mi . Marshall , in putting some questions with a view of having it recorded that the owners did all in their power for the safety of the men , was met with the following observation from The Coroner : The interest of the coal-owners ought to be identical with that of the workmen . Our Correspondent states that a scene now commenced that will never be effaced from his memory . The coroner , jury , and others taking part in the inquiry , left the inquest room , and at once became a wandering tribe across the fields—in this direction ,

      in that , andin the other , as the houses of the victims of the catastrophe happened to be situated , to gather from them that evidence they were—from the severity of their injuries and extent and intensity of their sufferings—unable to attend to give . Could but our legislators been of the party , and visited in succession cottage after cottage—homely , 'tis true , but cleanly ; see the polishedfurniture , the clean bed , and amid its snow-white sheets , he who but a few days before was the pride , the boast , the comforter , nay , the sole support of home , a mass of blackened distortion —a disorganised heap of misery and pain—the living remnant of the effects of the explosive blast : could but our legislators have seen and felt this , better legislation must have quickly followed .

      The first house visited was that of William Newton , who stated : I am a hewer ; I worked at the Black Boy Colliery—at the Gurly pit—on Monday , the 23 rd Ult . I BELIEVE THE EXPLOSION TOOK PLACE FROM mt candle . I was working at the low end of thejud next the goaf . I heard the stone working . I told the men to hold iheir hands . I ran out ; my candle went out . My marrow ' s ( partner ) candle was left in the face of the workings . It was stuck on aprop about the middle of it . Heard the fall of stone take place . It was not a large one . I went in afterwards and took a light to get my pick . It was then the explosion took place ; I am almost certain it was from my candle ; I was knocked backward over—got up again , and got away from the ! headways : am most

      burned in my arms ; only a little in my body ; I had my candlevery low , looking for my picks . Saw no previous signs of fire ; I understand them ; I had only been in the pit one and a half hours , or two hours at the most . James , the deceased , was furthest in from the shaft ; we were both working near the goaf ; have been there a month working the broken j did not try it that morning ; my marrow told me Blanch had been in ; also John Featherstone , Hugh Matthewson , Thomas Baker , William Bullock , Thomas James , and Thomas Overend . The deputies always go in before us . William Blench had to see all was safe in that part . William Gilroy is overman . Have seen gas there before , but iook no notice of it ; did not know that it was explosive ; never worked with a lamp ; have worked ten years at the colliery , fifteen in the neighbourhood : never asked

      for a lamp ; never used one in my life , and have always been employed in this district ; never heard any one ask for a . lamp ; have been nine or ten years at the Black Boy Colliery , but never saw a lamp used by the he were , only by the deputies and shifters . Blanch has often told us to mind after a fall ; to take off the loo of the candle ; was not aware that it would go off in that way ; had neither-seen Blanch nor the overman that day i never heard the man speak about the lamps or the gas j it was not Bullock ' s , but my candle that caused the explosion ; I r an out for fear of the fall ; water was bursting upon us ; I am aware the water saved me , because I was knocked into it ; there was no gas there ; the deputies are Mnd and attentive to us ; I have nothing to complain of ; I was nearest the goaf whea the explosion took place .

      The Coroner hereupon issued his summons for the immediate attendance before him of Thomas Cherry , William Bullock , William Todd , and Joseph Lewis . The next scene of misery that was visited was the house of William Blanch , who stated—I am a deputy at Black Boy Colliery ; was in at eight a . m . on Monday , 23 rd ult ; I generally look round to the men ; had been four times with James that day ; was there when the explosion took place . There was a fall between where James and the other men were working : I was talking to James , and the pit fired on the other side : I think the gas was from the fall . There were no symptoms of gas on the candle before the fall . John Todd , the back-overman , came in about ten o ' clock j we examined beside James , where

      the explosion took place ; did not see fire from the candles , which I had turned to where the explosion took place about half an hour before , and could detect no gas ; I had no reason to apprehend danger ; I remained there all the time ( eight hours ) the men were working , and in the incline j it is my duty to see all safe and attend to the wants of the men ; I have worked with a lamp at the Black Boy , at Benwell , and at Gosforth collieries ; I have worked in the broken a few weeks—cannot say how many , but had no reason to apprehend danger ; have seen but small symptoms of gas or black-damp , of no consequence to a candle ; no man ever applied to me for a lamp : I have never thought it necessary to get one—if 1 had , I would have had the men off till I got them ; we have the power to lay the men off when we see

      clanger ; I am not deputy where the explosion of rESTEHDAY took place ; never thought it necessary to have lamps ; know nothing of the chemical nature of gas , oxly by tub candle ; an explosion has not occurred , before since I have been in the colliery ; she was always thought safe . There was an explosion , but I cannot give anything particular of it . Mr . Gilroy goes down every day : " my hands are much burned —I am suffering great pain ; was near to James when the explosion took place ; I lost my senses for a time ; the air-course where James was could have let more in ; the pit is well ventilated ; there has been more gas since the water has come down , about a week since ; I could not get into the goaf ( stone ) to examine it ; the water came from the falling ; we like all the light we can get , and consequently prefer candles .

      The inquisition , next proceeded to the distressed domicile of Thomas Overend , who stated—I am a hewer at Black Boy Colliery ; was working on Monday quite near to where the fire originated . James ( the deceased ) said , " I hear her working , " he believed , in an old fall ; heard it there , and then observed , " if we can get those coal that ' s loose , we will take no more down , I ' m afraid of her falling : Blanch came in . They were talking about it : Blanch said thai side was strong , they need not be afraid ; 1 ran out after we had filled our tub for fear of her falling . There was a small fall . I ran against a prop and knocked myself down ; I said " stand — a fall came , and she was in a flame ; I do not know how I got out ; she fired the day before in the place where we were working ; James and 1 knocked it out ; we showed Blanch the splint crack it came out of ; he aaid he would show it to Gilroy ; it was

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      bad to knock out when it got hold : I told Blanch I was sadly frightened ; Blanch and James laughed at me ; James said my marrow ( partner ) is frightened ; I have heard of lamps , but never had concerns with any ; on the 11 th June , I shall have worked there one year ; I was afraid to go in , it was an awful place to look at ; I complained to Blanch , not to Gilroy or any other deputy ; heard Maivson and another sav , she was very nYy ; do not think that Blanch heard them ; I have never been at an explosion before ; I have seen many little filings before , about tfie size of my hand .

      By Mr . Kelk , who attended on behalf of the minors .: Never knew of any precautionary measure being adopted after a firing to prevent a repetition ; never knew lamps to be introduced after these warnings ; never knew a stronger current of air applied to the firey parts ; knows nothing of the chemical properties of gas , nor at what point of admixture it becomes explosive ; Mawson helped to take me out ; I was never down a fall before the 11 th June ; I was afraid , and complained of the gas every day , but thought my old marrow would understand it better than me , and that gave me more confidence to go in ; nothing was ever done to my knowledge to cleanse the pit of the foul air . I am the son ot a farmer in the neighbourhood ; I had differed with my father , or I would never have gone into a pit .

      1 Iiomas Cherry sworn : I am a hewer , I reside at Sheldon ; I was working at the same place at Black Boy Colliery where it fired the Saturday before—that is , two days before . I told the deputy , William Blanch , she was not safe to work ; if she fell she would fire . He did nothing but laugh at me , and said there was no danger . SnE made an attempt three times that dax to fire . I had my candle in my hand , and ran out , Last Friday I went with William Gilroy to examine , the returned air . She was quite safe then ; no danger at all then . Blanch was with us all that day , but on Monday I was in another part of the pit ; I did not mention lamps ; Blanch came in ¦ with his candle , tried the top , and said there ¦ was no dangev . I examined ^ seven pits for three years In the Staffordshire Potteries ; I Know the nature of

      explosive gas ; would not fear working in any pit with a naked candle ; have been working here for some months ; gas generally lies above the goaf , and when there is a fall it comes out ; it ia not safe then to work with a candle . It was Blanch ' s duty to hare informed William Gilroy about the state of the pit . I understand ventilation ; the Black Boy is not faulty for that ; I do not consider there is a better ventilatedpit in the country ; do not know what current of air is admitted ; I have never been round her workings . I gave over working last Saturday at the Black Boy Couiery ; left her in consequence of the hard quality of her coal ; I have had no differences withthe masters . William Bullock sworn : Resides at Shildon ; is a hewer : was working at the cross-cut flat on Monday the 23 rd ult , —in the first shift—where the explosion took placfe ; I left about eleven o ' clock in the forenoon ; I saw by the candle that there was gas in the goaf ; we talked together about it , and agreed among ourselves that we would go back out of a fall ; we

      were aware of the danger if a fall came ; deputy George Naylov was there in the first shift , but was not pvesent when the conversation took place ; I have not seen gas before in the pit ; did not mention it to Naylor ; we were afraid , and agreed all to go out together ; some little falls took place , but the gas produced was soon cleared again ; we thought about lamps , but did not name it to the deputy ; there were lamps used in that place a few days . ago ; a little further back there was a probability ot a fall , and wo got out of the way ; Todd and Naylor brought lamps , and told us to leave the pit , and we did so . By Mr . Kelk : It would improve the ventilation if move shafts were sunk ; gas will naturally find its highest level , and should have means provided to allow of its escape ; I think there would be less danger if it were so ; land others went in with Todd and Naylor with the lamps ; we made no complaint ; we thought they could sec for themselves whether they were safe ov not .

      William Todd : I reside at Canny Hill ; am a hewer at Black Boy Colliery ; was not present when the explosion took place ; I worked in the same place , but in the first shift , with Frank Whaite and William Hobb ; saw nothing until between eight and nine o ' clock , when I took great notice of the candle , and saw gas ; it was rather mixed with the stife , coming off the goaf ; I saw nothing more until the backshift time came on , about eleven o ' clock . I informed Baker that there was gas ; he tried it with his candle , and found that it was a little mixed with stife from off the goaf ; saw nothing more ; told Baker , but did not see Blanch or Gilroy to tell them ; I was rather afraid at the time ; I cautioned the men who were coming in ; I have seen her fire twice myself whenlwas » titftw in the old incline .

      about three years ago ; I worked in the night shift with naked candles ; Blanch gave us lamps to work with there , because it is on the same flat , but on the contrary side ; I only worked here in the flat one month before the shake ; never spoke to Blanch to ask for lamps ; never heard any talk about lamps on the colliery ; I would be afraid to work the second shift from what I saw on Monday morning ; I have worked eight years at Black Boy Colliery ; I worked at Elswick before that ; never saw an explosion ; the gas was blue all round the candle ; when mixed with stife it would most likely he dangerous . George Naylor sworn : I reside at Cowndon , as a , deputy at Black Boy Colliery ; was in the fore-shaft on Monday ; came off at eight o ' clock ; saw nothing no gas ; I tried three times that morning , and at six clock all rihtWilliaTodd and

      o ' saw g ; m I thought the colteji quite safe ; it is i » y duty to attend to the props , the ventilation , and the safety of the mine ; never saw gas from the goaf ; never saw gas ; never worked with lamps until after the first explosion : I have worked there since Monday ; the men have worked there since Tuesday ; only trifling explosions have taken place at the Black Boy Colliery , but I cannot say how many . Andrew Davison and other men have been working in the broken with naked candles ; I know nothing of the chemical properties of gas ; I could tell , I would say , whereabouts there were gas by my candle ; it was about four or five days before that I told the men to go out of her . for I thought there would be a fall ; I saw gas on the lamp ; gas got from the broken workings—sufficiently so when James got his death . I cannot write .

      Joseph Lewis sworn : I reside at Canny-hill : am a hewer at Black Boy Colliery ; was working in the first shift on Monday , the 23 rd ; hsed ( left work ) at eleven o ' clock ; saw no gas ; took notice of no danger that day ; Bullock and me were working together ; did not hear him say that there was gas ; when there are threatenings of a fall I get out of the way ; I saw no gas on the candle on the occasion ; I tried it , but saw no blue flame ; had no apprehension of an explosion ; have known gas come in after a fall ; a fortnight before , there was no gason taking down a faller ; the deputy sent us a fortnight before into the crosscut ; have worked with lamps since the explosion of the 23 rd ; there has' been no explosion since ; I found no gas whilst working with lamps .

      Jonathan Marshall sworn : I am a hewer , and work at Black Boy Colliery ; was beside the place on Monday the 23 rd , when the explosion took place ; saw the fire coming , lay down , and the fire passed over me ; I afterwards assisted in getting Ovevond out he came creeping , and I assisted him ; it fired but once that day ; I was more afraid of her firing a second time ; I was working in the whole coal , near the broken ; never heard anything about lamps ; had no dread of danger . By Mr . Matthew Halliday , lecturer io the Miners ' Association : No precautionary measures were ever adopted after an explosion to prevent its recurrence ; none of any kind whatever ; we just cleaned her out , and then went on as usual .

      Thomas Cherry recalled : I believe it was proper that lamps ought to have been used in this part ( the cross-cut flat ) of the colliery ; it is not safe to work in the broken without lamps ; Gilroy and I differed in opinion . / am sure there ivas not sufficient air in that part to fetch the gas off the goaf ; no current of air could carry the whole of the gas off the goaf ; there are not five men on Black Boy Colliery ivho understand anything about gas . William Gilroy sworn : I have the care of Black Boy Colliery ; an explosion did take place there yesterday ; Wilson and Simpson were burned ; they took a candle contrary to orders . The jury retired at five o ' clock to consider their verdict , and on their return gave in their verdict as follows : —

      " That the explosion had been caused by the gas coming in contact with a lighted candle ; that some blame was attributable to William Blench , the overman , but this they attributed to an error in judgment—and they were also of opinion that the owners should take every pains to prevent the recurrence of such accidents . "

      Thus terminated this important inquiry : one which cannot fail to shew to the country the absolute necessity of a thoroughly revised system , strictly enforced by legislative authority , in the future working of coal mines . Here is an instance , where the lives ofseveral hundred men and boys were in jeopardy every moment , —not five men amongst them ( and possibly not one of those five in authority ) who knew anything whatever of their most deadly enemy , carburretted hydrogen gas , Frequent , nay , daily as these explosions are , the wonder almost seems to he that theirravaging effects ave not of still move frequent occurrence . That such a state of things should be allowed to exist in the present advanced stage of

      science—when the certain means of prevention are known and have been in successful practical operation by Mr . Ryan , in the Staffordshire collieries , for fourteen years past , without a single failure to mar his fame , —is a reproach to the legislature , to every friend of humanity ; and can only be accounted for by the scientific ignorance and consequent apathy of the working colliers themselves . But for that , they must long ago have aroused the national voice to their perilous position . Let us hope the Governpent will take up the matter in earnest on the metting of Parliament , and adopt such measures with a firm hand , regardless of individual interests , as the urgency of the case demands . Considering the evidence , the verdict was a miserable result : yet com-

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      paring it with former verdicts on similar occasions , it shows an unproved tone of public feeling . Hadthe sufferers been rich , and the engine of destruction a rail-road , the VERDICT in all probability , would have been MANSLAUGHTER .

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      BANKRUPTS . ( Frtm Friday ' s Qaalti . ) Joseph Brown , Regent-street , "Westminster , grocer-George Fliutoff , Plymouth , bookseller—William Yallance , Liverpool , merchant . DIVIDENDS . Jan . 31 , W . Copper , Reading , grocer—Feb . 3 , T . Johnson , sen ., W . Johnson , and G . Mann , bankers—Jan . 24 , & Cox , lh'unswick . streetv Stamford-sti-oct , lun'sa-daaUn . Jan . 31 , T . Eldridge , Upper North-place , Gray's-inu-road , coach-builder—Jan . 21 , R . Robinson , Strand , coal-merchant—Jan . 23 , J . Gfarnett , Liverpool , merchant—Feb . 1 , A . T . Tebbitt , Birmingham , tea-dealer—Jan . 31 , A . Wyse , N . Baker , W . S . Bentall , and R . Farwell , Totnes , bankers —Feb . i , S . V . Harrison , Bristol , builder—Jan . 31 , J . and I ); Arthur , Noatli , Glamorganshire , ironmasters—Feb . i , 3 . C . Petrie , BetUington , Durham , miller—Feb . 6 , J . Sorby , Sheffield , steel-manufacturer—Feb . 6 , J . Firth , lleclcinonawike , Yorkshire , merchant—Feb . 7 , F . Parker , Rotherham , soed-crusher—Feb . 1 , B . Jones , Birmingham , victualler .

      BANKRUPTS . [ Frtm 2 Ws

      DECLARATIONS OT K 1 V 1 DESD 3 . G . and W . Noel , Jermyn-street , St . Jamrs ' s , bootmakers , first dividend of 3 s 6 d in the pound , any Wednesday , at the office of Mr . Bolcher , lung ' s Arms-yard , Colcman-strcet . R . Palliser , Moorgate-street , saddler , first dividend of 5 d in the pound , Saturday next , and two following Saturdays , at the office of Mr . Groom , Abchurch-lane , City . W . Broome , Oxford-street , linen-draper , second and final dividend of 3 Jd in the pound , Saturday next , and Uvo following Saturdays , at the office of Mr . Grroom , Abchurchlane , City . J . Buckton , Darlington , Durham , grocer , first dividend on new proofs , of 3 s id in the pound , any Saturday , at the office of Mr . Baker , Jfewcastle-upon-Tyne . D . Storm , Cardiff , builder , first dividend of Is in the pound , any Monday , at the office of Sir . Acraman , Bristol . W . TValkev , Wahiess , Lancashire , dealer and chapman , first dividend of lOJd in the pound , any Tuesday , at the office of Mr . Hobson , Manchester . T . W . Butterworth , Hulme , Lancashire , draper , first dividend of Is lOld in the pound , any Tuesday , at the office of Mr . Hobson , Winchester .

      DIVUffiKDS . Feb . C , W . C . Cloogh , Eye , Suffolk , apothecary—Feb . 5 , W . L . Dore , Egham , Surrey , innkeeper—Feb . 6 , J . Coles , New Bond-street , jeweller—Feb . 14 , J . F . Cork and J . L . De Carle , New Bond-street , coach-builders—Feb . i , W . A . Mearns , Clapham , Surrey , ale-brewer—Feb . 4 , J . G . Webb , Rosamond-buildings , Islington , mineral water-raanufac turer—Feb . 6 , R . J . Webb , Bath , wine-merchant—Feb . 7 , M . Martin , Bristol , upholsterer—Feb . 7 , R . B . Palmer , Bath , watchmaker—Feb . i , R . Williams , Bristol , dealer in butter—Feb . 6 , W . and P . Charters , Merthyr Tydvil , Glamorganshire , tea-dealers—Feb . 6 , J . Holroyd , North-moor , Northumberland , farmer—Feb . « , J . Bannister and D . Simpson , Liverpool , shipwrights — Feb . 14 , W . Hawaii , jun ., and A . Harrison , Aranchester , grocers—Feb . 11 , J . Tristram , Basford , Nottinghamshire , beer house-keeper—Feb . 11 , R . Russell , Bradford , Yorkshire , provision-merchant—Feb . 11 , A . and J . Shepherd , Uuddersfiold , Yorkshire , merchants—Feb . 8 , J . Jardine , Liverpool , merchant —Feb . 7 , H . Denziloe , Bridport , Dorsetshire , grocer—Feb . 7 , J . and W . Wolland , Exeter , iurners-Peb . 11 , W . H . Bates , Birmingham , factor . CEBTIHCATES TO BE GBANTED , UNLESS CAUSE HE SHOWN

      TO THE CONTBAUT ON THE DAT OP MEETING . Feb . 0 , J . Tomlin , St . MichaePs-alley , Conihill , shipbroker—Feb . 6 , R . B . Lee , Craven-yard , Drury-lane , steam-maehine printer—Feb . 5 , W . K . Roberts , Abingdon , grocer— Feb . 4 , C . S . T . ^ Yalker , Oxfed-stveet , artificial florist—Feb . 5 , W . Sawyer , Louisa-street , Stepney , oilman —Feb . 5 , W . L . Dore , Egham , Surrey , innkeeper—Feb . 5 , J . Wates , Old Kent-road , victualler—Feb . 4 , A . Lequeutre , Chingford , Essex , miller—Feb . i , J . C . Ross , Savage-gar , dens , City , merchant—Feb . 4 , M . Waller , Percy-street , Totteuham-court-road , patent electro plater—Feb . 11 , M , Mai'tin , Bristol , upholsterer—Feb . C , J . Leybourn , Bradford , Yorkshire , provision-shop-keeper—Feb . 7 , E . Glover , jun ., Leicester , ironmonger—Feb . 7 , E . P . Worth , Henley

      in-Arden , Warwickshire , -victualler—Feb . 12 , C . Homer , sen ., West Bromwich , Staffordshire , wine-merchant—Feb . 10 , C . Carter , Saddington , Leicestershire , miller—Feb . 4 , J . Banks , Liverpool , tallow-chandler—Feb . 10 , W . H . Fitzhugh , Liverpool , merchant—Feb . 6 , J . Storey and J . Gibb , Liverpool , ship-chandlers—Feb . 6 , G . Alexander , Ueaminster , Dorsetshire , innkeeper—Feb . G , C . Rayner , Blackburn , Lancashire , grocer—Feb . 4 , J . Sharpies , Blackburn , Lancashire , cotton-manufacturer—Feb . 4 , R . Smith , Manchester , yarn-agent—Feb . 4 , J . and R . Davies , Chiswell-street , linendrapers —Feb . 4 , J . Nicholl , Sowerby bridge , Yorkshire , worsted spinners—Feb . 4 , A . Thompson , Southampton , grocer—Feb . 4 , T . Cook , Kirby-street , Hatton-garden , silver cutler—Feb . i , E . Peters , Goodstone , Surrey , brewer .

      lAwrsERSHrrs dissolved . T . Parkinson and P . HaUiday , Liverpool , shoe binding . manufacturers—D , Wi Sales ami J . Yause , Kingston . upon-Hull , painters—J . and R . Molo , Birmingham , sirord-iiiaiiutticturers—E . Rawsou and R . E . Henderson , Wood-street , Cheapside , City , warehousemen—W . and C . Andrews , Cardifii Glamorganshire , wholesale wine-mer chants—J . and J . Barber , Cornhill , City , hatters—J . Smith , R . Tetley , J . Glover , and J . Parish , Horton , Yorkshire , worsted-spinners ; as far as regards J . Smith —A . Hunter and G . M'Kerrow , Milton next Gravesend , linen-drapers—W . B . Rhodes and G . Ilickes , Huddersfield , Yorkshire , machine-makers—J . Smith and F . A . Hatton , Chesterfield , Derbyshire , grocers—C . Bird and J . Thoburn , Blyth , Northumberland , ropemakers—T . and

      F . Style , Thames Ditton-, Surrey , schoolmasters—J . Asliwell and 0 . Cooper , Longton , Staftbrdshiro , eavtlieuwave . mauufaetui' « rs—G . Lapham , T . Urine , and F . K . LapUaro , Trowbridge , Wiltshire , linen-drapers—E . Barker aud S . Smith , Norwich , glove-manufacturers—F . Tomes and J . Benuett , Wolstone , Warwickshire , fanners—J . Bar . nett and E . Ryder , Plymouth , bakers—W . aud W . Thompson , Kingston-upou-llull , general smiths—G . Huddleston , T . Petty , C . S . Kennedy , R . Smith , II . Kenned y , and J . Park , Liudal Cote , Lancashire , miners ; as far as regards G . Huddlestone—W . Smith , J . Smith , L , Smith , W . Smith , jun ., P . Smith , and G . Smith , Keighley , Yorkshire , maclune-uiakers ; as far as regards L . Smith —J . Piper aud B . Warsdall , Kingston-upon-Hull , housepainters—J . Kirkman and P , Taylor , Bh-kenhead , veterinavy-suvgeonSi

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      London Corn Exchange , Mosdat , Jan . 13 . —The arrivals of English wheat and Scotch and Irish oats were very large during the past week ; of barley and oats from our own coast , the receipts were also rather liberal , and fair supplies ot beans and peas were received . From abroad several cargoes of wheat and barley and a few parcels of oats came to hand . At this morning ' s market there was a small show of wheat by land-carriage samples from the neighbouring counties ; only a moderate quantity of beans and peas on sale , but of barley and oats tlio display was liberal . The large arrival of wheat direct to millers caused the trade to open languidly , at the same time factors remained firm , and a fair clearance was

      ultimately made at similar terms to those current on this day se ' nnight . The demand for free foreign wheat was by no means brisk , but the business done was at fully previous rates . All kinds of flour were difficult of disposal , and ship samples were in some cases sold a trine lower . Choice malting barley was inquired for , and fully as dear aa belore ; whilst secondary descriptions , aa vreU . as distilling and grinding sorts , moved off tardily , and" barely supported previous prices . Fine malt was saleable at quite as much money , but the intermediate sorts hung heavily on hand ' . The large quantity of oats pressing on the market , and the inferior order in which many of the cargoes have come to hand , rcn > dered it necessary for factors to give way about Is . per qi \ , making the fall in a fortnight 2 s . per qr .

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      Beans and peas were in fair request and both articles quite as dear as on this day week . In bonded grain nothing of interest transpired . The continued arrivals of ml clover seed from Franco havo caused tho demand to slacken , still there is no material alteration to notice in prices . Canary seed waa cheaper to-day , other articles much as before . OUItRENT PIUCES OF GRAIN , PER IMPERIAL QUARTER . —British . s s s 9 Wheat , Essex , & Kent , new ic , old red 42 48 Wliiio 51 54 Norfolk aud Lincoln . ... do 43 46 Ditl . i 48 53 Northum . and Scotch white 41 4 C Fine 48 62

      jrish red old 0 0 Red 41 44 White 45 48 jj vtk old SI 83 * ew SI 32 Brank SS : SS Barley Grinding . . 27 29 Distil . 30 82 Malt 34 33 Malt Brown ... 54 56 Pale 58 68 AVars 34 65 Beans Tieksold < fcnew 30 34 Harrow 33 88 Pigeon 33 42 S Grey 32 33 Maple 33 85 White £ 5 40 Oats Lincoln * & Yorkshire Feed tjI 33 Poland 28 25 Scotch An S us 22 W Potato 2 i K Irisl , I .. ) .... Wliite - JO 22 Black 20 38 Pev 2 S 01 b . net . s bj Per 280 lb . net . s 8 Town-made Flour ... 43 45 | Norfolk tfc Stockton 33 84 Essex aud Kent .... 34 35 | Irish 34 35 Free . Bond .

      Foreign . s « 8 Wheat , Dnntsic , Konigiburg , Ac 52 GO 36 -10 Marks , Mecklenburg 43 hi K 85 Danish , Holstoin , and t'ricsland red 44 47 30 iJl Russian , Hard 45 46 Soft ... 45 47 28 30 — Italian , Red . . 46 50 White ... 50 52 32 34 —Spanish , Hard . 4 « 30 Soft . . . . « BJ 82 34 Rye , Baltic , Dried , ... 31 82 Undried . . 31 82 21 24 Barley , Griuding . 27 29 Malting . . S 3 31 2-i 30 Beans , Ticks . . 21 34 Egyptian . 81 31 28 SO Peas , White . . 36 38 Maple . . 33 34 28 30 Oats , Dutch , Brew and Thick 2 3 25 19 21 Russian feed , 21 22 15 16 Danish , Friesland feed 21 23 15 17 Flour , per barrel 25 28 20 21

      CORN AVERAGES , —General aTerage prices of Britisli corn for the week ended Jan . 11 , 1845 , made up from the Returns of the Inspectors in the different cities and towns in England and Wales , per imperial quarter . Wheat .. 45 s . lOd . j Oats .... 21 s ; 7 d . I Beans .. 35 s . 9 d . Barley .. 34 s . 5 d . | Rye .... 81 s . 4 d . | Pease .. 36 s . oa . LOKPQN SmITHFIEIiD , CATTIiE MARKET , MOSDAT , Jan . 13 . —The . arrivals of beasts fresh up to our market this , morning having been , the time of y ^ ar considered , rather limited , and , generally speaking of but middling quality , wj havo to report—notwithstanding the supplies of meat in the dead markets arc good—a decided improvement in the beef trade , at an advance in the currencies obtained on Monday last , of quite 2 d . per 81 b ., the primest Scots readily producing 4 s . id . per 81 b . Veiy few cases of disease were noticed amongst cither the beasts or sheep . The former , however , were deficient in weight ; but

      the latter were , on the whole , in good condition , From Lincolnshire , Leicesteisliire , and Northamptonshire , we received about 1000 shorthorns ; from Norfolk , Suffolk , Essex , and Cambridgeshire , 300 Scots and homebreds ; from the Western and Midland districts , 500 Ilcrefords , Devons , runts , Durliams , &c ; from other parts of England , 300 of various breeds ; and from Scotland , 180 horned and polled Scots . The number of sheep differed but little from those shown last week , tlali-brcds , as well as Downs , were in improved inquiry , and extreme rates were paid in every instance . All other breeds commanded a faiv inquiry , at unaltered figures . The veal trade was firm , aud tho advance in the quota * tions on Friday last was supported . Prime small pigs sold readily ; other kinds slowly , at our quotations . No imports of stock havo taken place from abroad siuce our last , consequently we had none on sale to-day .

      By the quantities of 81 b ., sinking the offal . s . d . s . d Inferior coarse heasts . . . 2 8 2 10 Second quality .... 3 0 S G Prime large oxen . .. 3840 Prime Scots , &e 4 2 4 4 Coarse inferior sheep , , , 2 10 8 2 Second quality , . . 3 i S Prime coarse woolled ... 3 10 4 0 Prime Southdown .... 4 2 4 4 large coarse calves .... 3 6 4 2

      Prime small 4 4 4 8 Suckling calves , each . , . 18 0 29 0 Large hogs 3 0 3 6 Neat small porkers . . . 3 8 4 0 Quarter-old store pigs , each , 16 0 29 0 Hay Markets . — Smitbfield . — Coarse meadow hay , £ 3 10 s to £ i 10 s ; useful ditto , £ i 12 s to ko is ; fine upland ditto , £ 5 os to £ 5 10 s ; clover hay , £ 410 s to £ 6 ; oat straw , £ 1 12 s to £ 1 1-lsj wheat straw , £ 1 Us to £ 1 lCs per load . Supply but moderate , and trade rather dull .

      WiuiEciiArEii . —Coarse meadow hay , JED 10 s to-£ 4 10 s ; useful ditto , £ i 12 s to £ 5 -Is ; fine upland , ditto , £ 5 os to £ 5 10 s ; clover hay , £ 4 10 s to £ G ; oat straw , £ 1 12 s to £ . 1 14 s ; wheat straw , £ 114 s to £ 1 16 s per load . Trade on the whole dull , at the above quotations . Meat Markets , Southall , Jas . 15 . —For prime beasts and sheep we had a steady trade , at fully last quotations . All other kinds of stock were dull , but not cheaper . Beef , from 2 s 8 d to 4 s 4 d ; mutton , 3 s to 4 s 4 d ; veal 3 s 6 d to 4 s 2 d ; and pork , 3 s to 3 s 8 dper 81 bs . Supply : —Beasts , 40 ; sheep , 1 , 300 ; calves , 50 j pigs , 50 . Romford , Jan . 15 . —There was rather an improved business transacted here to-day , at full prices . Bcof , from 2 s lOd to 4 s 4 d ; mutton , 2 s lOd to 4 s 4 d ; veal , 3 s 8 d to 4 s 2 d ; and pork , 2 a lOd to 3 s Gd per Slba . Suckling calves , 18 s to 28 s ; quarter-old store pigs , 1 Gb to 19 s ; and milch cows , with their small calf , £ 16 to £ 19 each .

      Lewes , Jas . 14 . —Beef , from 3 e to 4 s 4 d ; mutton , 2 s lOd to 4 s Cd ; veal , 3 s Sd to 4 s : and pork , 3 s to 3 s Gd per 81 bs . Supply but moderate and trade firm . Coal Market . —Prices per ton at the close of the market : —Adair ' Main , 15 s ; Buddie ' s West Ilarfcley , 19 a Ctl ; East Tanfield , 17 s Cd ; Morrison ' s Hartley , ISs ; Nelson's-Wcst Hartley , 19 s 6 d ; Old Pontop , ITs 6 d ; TwyzelMain , 17 s ; VestWylam , 20 s ; Pontop , 17 s 6 d ; TwyzelMain , 17 s ; VestWylam , 20 s ;

      W . E ., Clennell , 20 s ; V . E ., Elm Park , 21 s 6 d ; W . E ., Heaton , 21 s Cd ; V . E ., Hilda , 21 s 3 d j W . E ., Hotspur , 21 s ; W . E ., Wharneliffe , 21 s 6 d ; V . E ., Iletton , 24 s ; W . E ., Lambton , 24 s ; W . E ., Stewart ' s , 24 s ; W . E ., Caradoc , 23 s Cd ; V . E ., Heselden , 21 s 3 d ; V . E ., Adelaide , 22 s 9 d ; V . E ., Barrett , 21 s 9 d ; V 7 . E ., Brown ' s Deanery , ; 21 s 3 d ; W . E ., St . Helen ' s Tees , 20 s ; W . E ., Seymour Tees , 22 s 3 d ; W . E , Tennant's , 21 s ; W . E ., Graigola , 21 s ; Anthracite , 22 s ; Garnant Stone , 25 s ; Lewis Merthyr , 21 s ; West Hartley Netherton , 19 s 6 d . —Ships arrived , 18 . Richmond Corn Market , Jan . 11 . —We had a fair supply of grain in our market to-day . Wheat sold from 3 s . Cd . to Vs . Oats 2 s . to 3 s . 6 d . Barley 3 s . 6 d . to 4 s . Beans 4 s . M . to 5 s . pev \ mshel .

      Manchester Corn Market , Saturday , Jan . 11 . — During the week the demand tor flour was not active , but , the stocks of this article being only moderate , factors have not evinced any anxiety to sell , and prices have undergone m change . With , considerable arrivals of both oats and oatmeal , buyers held aloof in the expectation of being able to purchase on lower terms ; but the quantities received amounting to less than were generally anticipated , holders were not disposed to accept lower terms . At our market this morning there was not much passing in wheat , but no altoi-ation in prices can be noted . Flour waa likewise in but moderate request at the quotations of this day se ' nnight . Although both oatsand oatmeal met a very slow sale , factors were firm in demanding previous rates , which checked business . In beans no change was observable .

      LivEiirooL Corn Market , Monday , Jan . 13 . —« During the last seven days we have had large supplies of the chief article of the trade . The duty on foreign beans has advanced Is ., namely , to 6 s . 6 d . per quarter . The supplies above noted were principally wp for Tuesday ' s market , when a moderate quantity of Ir ish new wheat was sold ; the besfc description realized the top quotations of the previous week , but secondary qualities were disposed of at a reduction of Id . to 2 d . per 70 lbs . No change in the value of foreign , nor was there any variation in the value of flour . The best mealing oats were held for 3 s . Id ., at which there were not many buyers : but a lew parcels of good quality were taken off ftV 3 s . per < J 5 Ibs . Oatmeal met a fair demand at 25 s . to 25 s . 3 d , per 2401 bs . Though the business since has been on a limited scale , holders have remained firm , and prices for each of the above articles havo been quite maintained . Barley , beans , and peas are quoted without alteration .

      Liverpool Cattle Market , Monday , Jan . 13 . — -We have had a small supply of cattle at our market today ; anything oi' first-rate quality was eagerly sought ; after , and sold at—beef fl £ d . to Cd ., mutton 6 d . to Oid . per lb . Cattle imported into Liverpool from the Cth to the 13 th Jan . —1 C 0 cows , 27 calves , 2162 sheep , 4 lambs , 3 G 93 pigs , 32 horses . Maltojt Corx Market , Jan . 11 . —" We have only a small supply of all grain offering to this day's market . Wheat of all descriptions in good demand at last week ' s prices . In fine barley no material

      alteration ; inferior sorts Is . per qr . lower . Oais same aa last -week . Wheat , red , 44 s . to 48 s . ; old ditto , 50 a . to 52 s . ; ditto white , 48 s . to 52 s . ; old ditlo , 52 s . to 56 s . per qr . of 40 st . Barley 28 s . to 32 s . per qr . of 32 st . Oats , 9 Jd . so lOJd . per stone . York Corn Market , Jax . 11 . —We ave rather thinly supplied with grain to-day . In wheat and barley of fine quality and condition , we note no aJteration ; secondary sorts are 6 d . per qr . lower , with a slow sale . Oats dull ; the same may be said olbeans , but neither are cheaper .

      IIowdeit Cwwr Market , Jas , It , —Wheat , 3 C 6 qrs ., £ 82312 s . 6 d ., £ 2 5 s . average price per qr . ; barley , 12 qrs ., £ 18 , £ 1 10 s . ; oats , 595 qrs ., £ 5016 s . 6 d ., 16 s . lOd . ; beans , 15 qrs ., £ 2510 s ., £ 114 s . ' Leeds Corn Market , Tuesday , Jan . 14 . — We have again » large arrival of wheat , and a fair one of barley , while that of other grain does not exceed the wants of the trade . Wheat generally is much affected by the damp variable weather ; sales consequently proceed slowly , and last week ' s prices arewith difficulty supported . The best barleys only ara taken without change in value , and othev descriptions are very unsaleable . Oats , beans , and shelling , steady , with a fair demand .

      , torcra Cloth Trade . —The business at the cloth halls is still improving . The appearance of activity at the coloured cloth hall , on Tuesday , was quite cheering . At the white cloth hall business was not quite so brisk . The business transacted at the warehouses is also indicative of an improving trade .

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      Untitled Article

      Making good use oe a Pest . —The French have embarked in a curious enterprise for the destruction of rats , operations having already commenced at the Royal Library in rue Richelieu . In the short space of three days more than 1200 rats were taken , and the purposes to which the bodies ave converted are these •—• The skin is prepared with great cave , and proves of great value as a fur . The carcass , properly speaking , is sent to a melting-house at GreneUe , where it is boiled down for the sake of the grease , which is found to be an excellent material for the manufacture of candles . The flesh that remains of the animal is sold for the nutriment of birds , ducks , and pigs . The leg and thigh bones , moreover , which are described as being as fine as ivory , are employed in the manufacture of ear and tooth-picks , so that it is observed not a particle of it is wasted .

      Robbers in France . —Madame Jayet , a washerwoman in the rue de Ja Vierge , on returning to her apartment on Thursday , found two men , who had got in by means of false keys , busily employed in packing up all they couW fiiuL As soon as she made her appearance one of them seized her by the throat and threatened to strangle her if she gave the ^ larm . They then decamped with ah speed , but Madame Jayet recovered her voice , and , crying out , " Stop thiof , " the men were pursued and overtaken on the quai d'Orsay . One of them was immediately secured , but the other , in the hope of escape , threw himself into the river . A waterman at hand , however , who was a good swimmer , plunged in after him , and , bringing him back to the shore , delivered him also into safe custody . —Galignani .

      The Bot Jokes in Greece—His Visit to the Palace of King Oiho ' . —The following is an extract of a letter from an officer on board her Majesty ' s ship Warspite , Smvrna , Dee . 23 , 1844 , to his friends in England : — " The boy Jones , who belongs to this ship , disappeared one night at Athens , and everyone said he was gone to call on King Otho . I believe that was his intention , as he was found near the palace , and brought back very much disappointed , to think he could not pay his intended visit . He is a strangelooking fellow , appears half asleep , and seldom speaks to any one . It is the custom to punish when a man deserts ; but Jones is put on the black list , and his grog stopped as long as he remains in the ship . " — Shipping Gazette .

      Untitled Article

      January 18 , 1845 . THE NORTHERN STAR . ?

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 18, 1845, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1298/page/7/