Northern Star (1837-1852), 18th January 1845, Edition 1 of 4, Page 6, Untitled Article

Page 6

6 of 8

Departments (1)
Transcript
- Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
  
  Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
  
  Untitled Article
  
  IHE CHAMBERS' PHILOSOPHY REFUTED . LABOUB PLEADING ITS OWN CAUSE . THE EMPLOYER AND EMPLOYED . A FAMIIJAB DIALOGUE . —PAST T . OldKobin and Ruhard Jaclson visit Shoddy Hall by tgcdtd invitation , and are received by Mr . bnuvim Jafsttrfy . ( Concluded from , last mcek ' s pajtfrj Smith . —Well but now , Robin , Low could all the poor people possiblv make laws ? Surely they cannot indenstandthe complexity , the intricacies , and the niceties of law-making ? . . . Robin . —Ecod , they ' re too nice , intricate , am complicated ; but I'll tell thec what old John of Greenfield , Yorkshire prophet , said , when Milton axM him at nomination : "John , said fold Lord ; "John" savs he , " what ' s thou know aboutnialrin ?
  
  laws I" " Nowt , " said Jolin ; " nowt about making shoes either ; but 1 know when a chap makes a pair that pinches my toes—and damn'd it he shall make any more for me . " Now , that * s just the thing , jnaister Sjnith . ; ; poor folk isn't all going up to't "hoyle , " to Lxmnon , to make laws , but they want to send riiaps there that would ' nt make laws to pinch their toes , as the old prophet said . And , ecod , if they did , poor folk would tell them at the end of the year , when't account came in , to go about their business , as laws wer * nt worth poor folk ' s money , as pinched poor folk ' s toes . Smith . —Well but , Kobin , what would you have the representatives do ? . Robin . —Why Lord Milton axed old John same question . } He said— " John , " says he , " what ' s thou know about making laws ? " " I know nowt , " says John , " about making laws ; but I know this—I know thai all the stuff i' the world were made for
  
  all the folk f the world , and I aint my share of it ; and I want laws to give me my share . " . Now , maister Smith , weren ' t that more sense than all Chambers ' rubbish ? And as working folk can't get their share without law , ecod , they must only combine together , and see if they can't change the law , and keep up't wage like , by "Trades Unions , " and "combina tions / ' until they get Law to do it for them . Smith . —Well but , Robin , now how could laws possibly interfere with the . rate of wages ? Robin . — Aye , dearee me , "what rubbish you do talk . Don't law interfere with everything ? Doesn't know that there was a time when Ling and Parliament combined to keep up wages and keep down price
  
  of food . See here , see all Acts of Parliament I have here for seven hundred years gone . See here wlicnall Kings—Edward ' s , Harry ' s , James ' s , Rich ard s , old Bess—eeod , all Lad laws to keep down prices of food and keep up price of wage . See here , maister Smith ; see old Acts , commanding justices of the peace , skerins , and , all officers of the county to meet , and declare the price of food , and to punish all as shall l-efuse to sell at that rate . Ecod , bat I remember , —aye , its four score year now sin' old Samuel Dodge was put in the pillory ; and what for think , maister Smith ? Smith . —Well , I really don't know , Robin , but it must be some dreadful crime , as the pillory was a degrading and shocking punishment .
  
  ltobin . —Eh , thou'rt right , maister Smith : it were a dreadful crime ; it were at beginning of a hard summer , and provisions were getting scarce ; and Samuel goes out ; = > d buys 'tatnrs , and corn , and things as was coming is .-to market ; and when market opened there was but little choice for poor folks that wanted to buy , as tLey were obliged to go to Samuel , as he had bought stuck up . Well , Samuel thought to vise the price a-bii ; and folk went for beadle , and beadle went for justice , and justice coni'd down , and all poor folk flocked r ound him ; I never seed such a sight ; and justice i' M beadle to bring Samuel before him , and , ecod , ha v . as put in the pillory , and justice ordered that ali the stuff should be sold at the rated price . Now , maister Smith , in them old times the law
  
  called tiiis "foresiaUhuf" audit had great deal about " engrossing , " " forestalling , " and " regrating ;" and , eccii , all them laws meant that folk should be punisheii if they speculated in prices of poor folks food ; aiitl -. vhat do you think , maister Smith , eeod , for third oife-.. v ; e it was death . Well now , just see here ; nowlook down at the big warehouses , full of wheat anc oats , and folks starving , and owners buying and piling up , and , ecod , trying to make a scarcity toget a bigprieefortheloaf ; and , ecod , they are called " anti-monopolists . " Why , good God of heaven , fore our common was stolen , and when we hadn't onethird of our present population to feed , ecod , every one of theia there rascals with big corn-stores
  
  "regretting" " engrossing , " and forestalling " poor folk ' s food , should be sent to work in the chain gang , instcad of poor Frost , that felt for poor folk . Why , maistei Smith , ain't it a common thing now to hear men , them there patriots , free traders ; them there chaps as is for cheap food—ain ' t it a common thing to hear thein in coffee-shop , aye , and in open street too , speak this way loike : " " Well , maister Grudge , bad prospect of _ harvest this year : now ' s the time to buy \ vl _ sii , it ' s sure to be dear ; " and so with 'taturs aisa beasts , and flour ; and , ecod , if there ' s two or three cloudy days , baker will put sixpence or happen ten-pence a stone on to poor folk ' s fiour . Now , maister Smith , in olden times some of them there patriots would have been put in the pillory , andnioi-iion thein would behung ; and , ecod , now them rery cbaps does it in open day ; and , ecod , folk are to send them iuto parliament , to keep down wane .
  
  and keep up price of food . Ecod , but they call themselves poor folk ' s best friends ; while they ' ve got , as Old Jolik would say , all the stuff of the country that belongs to all the folk in the country . Now , maister Smith , doesn't know that in reign of Henry IV ., when landlords were feeding sheep on land , because wool w / is very dear , and folk could not get food , ecod , Hal come down to Parliament and told Commons how folk must be fed first , and Commons made law that squires and Landlords shouldn't feed so many sheep as " woeld pbess hahdit cpox the jieaxs of subsisiexce . " Baint that one of the free trade gammons , maister Smith , how population presses too hardly upon the means of subsistence ? Smith . —Yes , Robin , certainly that is one of their savings ; and don't you think there is much wisdom in it ?
  
  Robin . —Wisdom , yea , great wisdom , in making philosophy first , and then giving it good name . But , maister Smith , was there much wisdom in taking three thousand acres of- " ould common" from afi folki't pariah and giving it all to one man ? Ecod , Maistcr Smith , it ' s the only big man with big throat that swallows up all , and not poor folk that presses iardly " upon the means of subsistence . " Smith . —Well but , Robin , just see what the wage of a working man was in those tunes , when the law protected it . We read of four-pence a day with food , and five-pence a day without food , and just see what a difference now-a-days .
  
  Robin . —Well now , Maistcr Smith , I'll tackle thee upon , that A man would get four-pence a day , and Ms food , good food , for the odd penny . Now then , Maister Smith , that ' s a day ' s wage in olden time , feeding five able bodied workmen ; and , ecod , I'd like to see the men now , single men , that did live as folk did thein times , and save four shillings out of every five of Ms wage . And , ecod , the four shillings saved would do as much as four pound now . Row then , Maister Smith , tl-ere ' s difference of time ; and then see that was all ( bne by combination . Look at all
  
  them there laws , and then there guilds—the OKailors ' guild , the Goldsmiths * guild , the CJothworkers ' guild , the Saddlers ' guild , and all them there guilds for regulating wages , for building alms-houses , and supportingfolk—w : isni , that combination ? And now , ecod , folk is obliged to combine to support one another when they are siek or out of work , and to tuiy one another when they are dead ; aye , ecod , they'll let poor folk " combine" fast enough when it ' s to screw pence out of poor folk ' s selves to do what law Ought to defer them .
  
  Smith . —Wi u , uponmy honour , Robin , there is certainly no rcsisnne the overpowering strength of your argument ; but yet see how different the appearance of the workiu ; classes and their mode of living now is , wb-n compared with their former condition and habits . Robin . —Former condition and habits ! whv where ttd ' st learn that stu £ " ? Smith . —Why we read daily of the vast improvement made by the working classes . I take my information from the newspaper press , and from the great improvenientsinadein every direct ion—better clothing , better cottages , better furniture than thev could possibly have in those barbarous times .
  
  Robin . —Barharons yon call them . Ecod , I'd combine to-morrow to make us all such barbarians again- I thought I'd hear sumniat of that sort > and I broiis *' * Trithnie what the King ' s Lord ChancelLOr , Sir John Fortescue , wrote to the King ' sson , in the reiga of Henry the Sixth ; and now , maistcr Smith , here it is . Good authority , I think , coming from the Eing ' s Lord Chancellor ; better nor all that rubbish in the press of middle-folk , and Chambers ' tracts . The old English Chancellor says : — The Sing cannot despoil the subject , without malting ample satisfaction for the game ; he cannot , l > v himself or Ms ministry , lay taxes , subsidies , or any imposition what ever , upon the subject ; ue caxxot . jltes the iaws , ob make sot OSES , WITHOFT THE EXPEESS COSSENT
  
  OF THE WHOLE E 1 X WOU IN PARLIAMENT ASSEMBLED : every inhabitant is at Ms liberty fully to use and enjoy wh atever Ms &rm producetli , the fruits of the irth , the increase of Ms flock , and the like : all the improvements he makes , whether by liis oun proper industry or of those he retains in Ms service , are Ms own to nseanu enjoy , vUbo t the lett , interruption , or denial of any . If he be in :.. ; t wise injured , he shall have his amends and satisfaction against the party offending : HEXCS it is ibai il- = inhabitants of England are ridi in gtfld , stiver , and all ihe necessaries and conveniences of Jife . ' They dnufc so water , unless at certain times , upon a religious score , and dj way of doing penance . They are fed i » great abundance mih . all sorts o £ f . eshan&jish , of which they nave plenty eeergwhere ; they are clothed , Jhr'nihout , in good'xodUens ; their bedding and other furiJ _^ r- their houses are of wool , and that in great store ; they are also vxEprovidedvnih an" sorts of household goods ,
  
  Untitled Article
  
  inAMouur * vnpUmentsforlMiVaMry ; every one accord-* 1 toMs rank ' hath al 1 tld ^ which imIuC < 5 to 1 Mfc * lift easy and haws" Alld after ihh he observes , that these arc the effects of laws which are founded upon the rinciple , that" a bhu / is given for the sake of the kingdom , £ iut not a Kingdom for tftc saJm of a king " Now , Avhat docst say to that style of barbarism , maistcr Smith ? Smith . —Well , upon my honour , Robin , I really don't know what to sav . One hears and reads so much stuff in Ctoin&erV Journal , and newspapers that I declare I thought the English were barbarians , and all prowling beggars and vagabonds before the introduction of machinery .
  
  Robin . —Introduction of the devil ! Eeod , I'll tell thee , mnistcr Smith , when I was bora , —that ' s now near handninoty years sin ' , the King of England hadn't such a carpet as that , nor King of England hadn't such cloth in his coat as thou hast now , nor such boots , nor gold chain ; nor , ccod , carriage or horses . Smith ( smiling ) . —Ah , ah , ah ! Why perhaps not , Robin : but see what a palace the Queen lias got , and what furniture she has . Robin—Eh , ecod , that ' s not the thing ; but feather bed and bedstead that the old folk kept , and that I were born in , is the only bit of good furniture in my house now : and , ecod , I can't live as well as faithcr , nor as well as I did before machinery came up . Now , maister Smith , I'll tell thee how things were with
  
  poor folk before they were compelled to live from hand to mouth , and when there were very little money in the country : when farther d ' eed I were twentv-five years of age , and I "ota cottage and acre of land for nine shilling aycar . Well , I had grass for & cow , and ' appen a heifer on common , if it weren't overstocked . Andwhenlhadworkatmytrade , I'd work ; and when trade was slack , I go into 't field , and I'd work there ; and , eh ! whataDevil ' sDnstit wcrethen , compared to now ! There weren't a better labourer in the parish ; and when poor Robin grew up to be alad , and afterhe had done schooling , mother bought a loom for him out of milk , butter , and vegetables . Mother would say to Robin , "Now , Robin , there's agoodlad , finish thy task early , and thou niun make hay , or
  
  weed with farther "— -and eh , my God , but the shuttle would fly like lightning , and Robin would whistle , and all young folk would set to reeling and winding to come out at same time wi' Robin . 0 , butit was a beautiful sight to see poor folk coming out of a spring morning to see the garden after a shower : and then to see them at three o ' clock , when the day ' s work were done inside , running like mad to the spade , and the hoe , and the rake ; and mother , with't baby in her arms , looking at farther and children working , and the birds on the wall in cages that would sing as if they thanked God . Aye , dearee me , how the news would go thro' 't village that Will this , or Ben that , or Jack
  
  so and so , had first early lettuce , or first bunch of radishes , or first dish of 'taturs . Eh , to see them looking at first dish ! and then to see flowers growing , and see all folk with nosegays , p icking and chooshig to see which old parson Flower liked best on Sundays . Eh , maister Smith , instead of lashing the flesh off back of poor babies of nine years of age , mother then need only say , " Now , Bess , if thou baint a good girl for the rest of the week , thou shan't have a nosegay for parson Flower on Sunday ; " and tlie child would be good I'll warrant me . Well now , maistcr Smith , what if votes got money to keep French out , took common from us , and machinery took acre of land from me ?
  
  Smith . —Maclunery ttike the acre of " land from you —why how did macliinery do that ? Robin . —How did machinery do it ? Why , God bless my life , when mill after mill were built , all the land in Devil's Dust were wanted for banks and churches , and police barracks , and station houses , and lock-ups , and warehouses , and lawyers' offices , and shops , and cottages for poor devils to starve in ; and , ccod , down comes lawyer Grind and gives me notice to quit , and sticks Tip big bills all over my acre of ground that grandfaitker held , and faithcr held , and I held under't squire : but , ecod , Grind bought it , and then were all them bills with " This eligible plot of ground to be let or sold for building on ; " and , ecod , all the gardens in Devil ' s Dust were served alike
  
  lawyer Grind , and lawyer Squeeze , and lawyer Quill , and all the whole bunch of devils , bundled poor folk out ; aud now , maister Smith , there ' s police barrack , bank , church , lock-up , session house , beershop , billiard table , and brothel , all standing on my acre of ground ; and , ecod , if Shoddy Hall , and them there buildings , don't press hard upon my means of subsistence , I wonder at it : and then who'll tell me that all the money that I hear of being in the country now , and that forces me to live from hand to mouth , is as good for me as " common" and "acre of ground ? " Altho ' rich folk like it best , 'cause poor folk can never learn the value in their labour when machinery does their work , and it allows rich folk to gamble in their abour , without knowing what profit is made of it . Doesn't that press harder on poor folk y Devil's Dust than all Com Laws ever Parliament made ? Ecod ,
  
  maister Smith , but we have queer laming now-adays . Eeod , but they sell poor folk ' s land by yard to build on , and steal poor folk's common ; then , ecod , when they ' ve took all , tkey ^ tell us that poov folks is too many for land . Ecod , it's rich , folk is too many for land ; and they tell us to go all the way all over the _ world for produce of other folk ' s land . Now , maister Smith , the more folks comes into the world , the more hind they want ; and , eeod , the more they wanted , the move rent they must pay for it . So , do you see , maister Smith , somehow or another , poor folk be taxed when they come into the world—they be taxed all the days that they live in the world ; and , ecod , as old Jem Tot told Parson Barcbones at vestry , t'other day , they be taxed going out of the world too . Smith . —How ' s that , Robin ?
  
  Robin . —Well , I'll tell you . Parson and Jem had some words over church-rates , and Jem says to parson , " Why , " says he , " ecod , that thou hast richest farm of ground ' y Devil's Dust . " " Why , " says he , " parson , " says he , "there ' s acre in church-yard , and there ' s four thousand eight hundred square yards in acre , and ecod , large and small , thou pack st poor folks into about square yard , and makes them ptay ten shillings for 'hoyle , ' and ecod , there ' s £ 2 , 400 an acre . " " Pooh , pooh , " says the parson . "Gammon , " says Jem , " you puts ' em two deep too ; ecod , two crons like , aud four if be . " Now , baint that a tax , maister Smith ? Smith . —Yes , Robin ; but then the working classes have burial societies though .
  
  Robin . —Aye , aye , there it is , ecod ; the Law let them do that , and barrister'ill eertifythat , and niaistersTdll tell them it's all rcct . Is that combination ? Smith . —Well now , Robin , you are hinting a good deal about the land , but surely you don't mean to turn poor operatives ironi the warm atmosphere of a cotton mill to work in the open air . I am sure , Robin , your heart ' s too tender for that : and then how could you expect them , some of them stricken in years , to learn the science of agriculture ? Robin . —EcoU but thon makest me laugh , maister Smith . Thou thought very little of turning poor folk from field and fresh air into hot oven , and , ecod , there was no difficulty at all in the way of clodpoles learning new trade whenmaisters wanted them , but now ,
  
  ecod , folks are thought to iorget all about spade and hind . Now just look here , maister Smith , manning were to turn up best formakingmoney , ecod , but we'd hear of nowt but the healthy labour of a fanner , the honourable occupation of a farmer , and all newspapers would be crammed full of that like ; but now , maister Smith , when rich folk can speculate on poor folk labour without land , and make thirty , and forty , and fifty per cent , on it , then , ecod , you'd think that a spade was a mariner ' s compass , and that hoe and rake were like freemason ' s square and compass . Why , look here , maister Smith , it took me . seven yeare to learn to make a pair of shoes , and I prick mv finser wi' awl and hit thumb wi' hammer as often
  
  as leather , and burn my hands up when end would miss wax , and cut my hands when I'd be closing , before I knew how to work elbow , and other man should cut for me , but , ccod , maister Smith , somehow or another natur seems to have cut man out for land , for , ecod , the very ! first cabbage I ever stuck in ground , it grew just as Well as if I'd Sar red my apprenticeship . I'd go and see farmer Stretch a bif ' and go and look at Squire's gardener , that used to come down ' y season and shew folk what to do , and then , in short time , when all folk ' y Devil ' s Dust do grow a bit for pot tliemsolses , ecod , but there come six gardeners , and but they had all enough to do . I'd have one ^ a day , and another would have one a day , and so on ; they were better combination nor lawyers , maister Smith .
  
  Smith . —Well , upon my honour , Robin , I believe you ; and now , Robin , just a single word about early marriages , temperance , carlyeducation , a good system of emigration , better ventilation , and cheerful paries for the working class to exercise in , with mechanics ' institutes as a mental resource , and , as cleanliness is next to godliness—bathsfor the workingclasses , versus the land and combination ; and , upon my honour , Robin , I'll be bound by the conscientious impression that your reasoning shall make upon my judgment ; and now , Robin , be brief , and then we'll have a chop and glass of old English ale , and you must drink my toast or I'll drink yours .
  
  Robin . —Ecod , that ' s fair , and spoke like a man , maister Smith , and I'll be short . Early marriages Now , maister Smith , when I was a young man , old folk were always trying to marry young folk before they got too set like , so that they might grow up to one another ' s ways , and would luve one another , ant help one another , and that would keep young folk out of harm's-way , and make lads and lasses tasty like , and thrifty ; lass would learn housekeeping , sewing , and cook a bit , and neighbours would aU know it , for mother would tell it , and lad would be neet like in his dress , and work a bit extra to treat lass , and he'd learn to dance in evenings , and happen have watch , and bit o' trinket like ; and then , young folk would grow up together , and children would grow up together , and young married folk would be sound and hearty to earn for childrod , not to work ' em too young ; then , maistcr Smith , marriage state were a happy one , and , as Chambers says , was " a sacred and proper institution , " but now , ecod , its like cattle market ; old men wheedle young lasses and many to get their wage , and young lads many
  
  Untitled Article
  
  old wives to get bit of brass , then , ecod , the old man's young wife , and the old wife ' s young husband come together , and they mikes what they calls a moral marriage , and see what a sacred and proper institution that is . See Queen , how folk praised her for marrying so young , and sec how . folk ring bells and pray , and thank God for all her "bairns . " Maister Smith , believe me , that there ' s nowt like folk that ' s to live all their lives together , being welded while they ' re botli hot : for , ecod , thou'll see that a red iron and a cold bar won ' t uuite , maister Smith . Smith . —Well , Robin , we'll go on step by step , and I candidly confess that you have justified the early marriages , and now for temperance . Robin . —Temperance . Give a man a comfortable home , maistcr Smith , let wife keep key of cock , and then see how soon beer-shops and gin palaces will close shutters , and how folk ' 11 open their eyes and stare , and point finger , when they see a fuil drunk instead of working for HIMSELF , maister Smith , — mindfor HIMSELF .
  
  , ' Smith . —Well , Robin , you have completely satisfied me upon that subject : and now for early education . Robin . —Well , maister Smith , let folk many when they are young , work for themselves , or , if they work for others , let their wage be regulated by what they could earn for themselves , and then folk would educate their own children . Aye , and take a pride in it too , maister Smith . Smith . —Capital , Robin , capital , you ' re a perfect philosopher , you haven't lived for nothing , Robin ; and now for emigration , aro you friendly to that , Robin ?
  
  Robin . —Yea , Aaister Smith , that ' s ilie best scheme I hear yet , but , ecod , I'd let parsons , bishops , lawyers , and all three of them idlers go over and consecrate ground first ; and then , ecod , when shepherds and wolves-went , folk would be looking for more hands to come and till soil . Maister Smith , if I had my way , no man that could work , and was willing to work , should quit ould spot as long as there was a bit of ground to be cultivated . Smith . —Well , upon my honour , Robin , I think I ' m in favour of your cargo , but where would you send them to ? Robin .-Why , to hell , and giro 'am . Devil for pilot .
  
  Smith . —Ah ! ah ! ah ! upon my honour , Robin , it's only turn about , that ' s Avhere they tell poor folk they'll go . And now , Robin , what do you say to ventilation , baths , parks , and mechanics' institutes ? Robin . —Ecoa , I says gammon to all them ; never you fear when man be paid for his labour but he'll have exercise enough , and he'll have good air too , and I'll warrant me he wont want water to wash , and he can make an institute of his own house . Smith . —Very good , very good , Robin—very good indeed ; but what do you want the land for ? I have told you over and over again that it is not the price of commodities , but the supply , of hands that regulates wage . -
  
  Robin . —Well , maister Smith , now that ' s just coming to a point—that ' s just whole question of combination . Trades entcs into union , and pays their subscriptions into fund , to supportthe trade when on strike , or to keep the surplus hands , rather than allow them to compete . Some keep them on tramp , some give them standing wage , some pay thenirso much a mile and bed and supper money , and so much a Sundays ; now that ' s taxing poor honest folk that work , to pay honest folk that can't get work , and the fund is to support the surplus when restriction fails to give all work . Well now , thou ' st admitted that fifty hands , in a thousand being idle will reduce wage of all thousand , and the trade that they belong to must cither support them in idleness out of the " box , " and they'll drink then , maister Smith , or ,
  
  that channel of industry being closed against them , they must open another , ami the only one they have capital for is the land . And now , maister Smith , I'll make a sum for theo . Suppose fifty in the thousand to be out of work , and suppose ten shillings a week each satisfies them , and keeps them off competing with them at work * , now , watetov Smith , that ' s £ 25 a week , and that ' s £ 1300 a year going out of the " box , " and if trade , instead of spending money in that fashion , took land for them and paid a good man to manage it for them , he'd be worth his hire , it would pay the fifty thirty shillings a week each and put thirty shillings a week for each into "box " as well . Now , maister Smith , that would be making £ 3 , 900 a year , and giving folk thirty shilling a week instead often , instead of losing thirteen hundred a year , and only giving folk ten sliillings a week to live
  
  upon . Smith . —What ' s that ! What's that , Robin ? Do you mean that only fifty in a thousand , or one in twenty , is to go on the land—merely those that can't get work at their own trade without reducing the wage of others by competition ? Upon my honour , if that ' s , what you mean , I know nothing that could be more just ; but I always thought that the cry about the land meant the destruction of machinery , and a wholesale return to agricultural pursuits . Robin . — Ecod , you'll always hear stuff enough about owt that ' s just to benefit poor folk ; but that ' s just what I mean—I mean just what maisters mean . They want to open markets for- their capital , and I want to open markets for the poov folk ' s labour .
  
  Let their markets be all over world in big ships , and let poor folks that can't skill all those questions , have market that'll fill belly at home , and clothe bach , and lodge folk , and furnish house ; and then , maister Smith—ecod , thou'lt find , when poor folk have land , and they'll bless the man that'll invent machines for digging and raking , and sowing and reaping , and planting ; for then , maistcr Smith , machinery would be man ' s holiday , and he'd love it ; Mi now it ' s man s curse , and he hates it . Why , see here , maister Smith y where ' s the use in nibbling and scraping with bits of old sayings , like , "' population presses too hardly on the means of subsistence , " and " competition , " and "buying in the cheapest , and selling in the dearest market , " and the injustice of
  
  putting any restriction or interfering with the wage of working man . All such things is all gammon ; for , in spite of all , we see the owners of machinery piling up millions day after day , in all seasons , all harvests , all fluctuations , in good and bad trade ; while poor folk in Devil ' s Dust , and elsewhere , baint able to stand out agin a single week's idleness . I'll tell thee , maister Smith , when I see rich folk subscribe money to try the experiment of what labour on the land is worth—ecod ! I'll believe they ' re the poor man's friend . But when I see them doleing out charity , and subscribing thousands for parks , and baths , and ventilation , and emigration , to keep idlo folk quiet like , ecod ! that ' s all fear and no justice ; and when I see rich folk combining to pay seven
  
  millions a year poor-rates to support poor folk , rather than spend a guinea in teaching them the value of their own labour , ecod ! then , Maister Smith , I think it ' s time that poor folk should combine to defend themselves . And as thou admits the surplus of hands is the thing that regulates price of wage , then I say that every man of every trade i' England should turn his mind to provide for the surplus ; and I defy all the writers in the world to point out any other channel for the employment of we surplus but the land ; and give poor folk land , maistcr Smith , and then thou'll have no poorrates to pay , then thou'll have no police , no parish litigation , no strikes or turn-outs , no soldiers , in a short time , aud thou'll see whether Englishmen employed at home wouldn't be better customers to manufacturers at their own door , than them there Chinese and Indians , and South Americans , and ' all
  
  the rest of them . Maistcr Smith , there ' s more good than bad in every man . The present brings out the bad ; let ' s try our hands at bringing out good , and then , here it is , maistcr Smith , you see as long as Queen and rich folk live on dissipation , they'll never put it down . and as long as idle sons of rich folk can get job in army or navy , or police , or law courts , or church , ccod , thou'H always find ministers and their friends telling poor folk that their wn depravity and immorality make all thorn like necessary . And now , maister Smith , hast shown thee all about combination , and land , and free-trade , and what poor folk mean by protection for labour—by the law . Smith . —Why , Robin , not exactly the applicability of present laws to the settlement of wage ; but I quite agree with you that God , in his wisdom , intended that there should be a sufficiency of food for all those he was pleased to bring into the world .
  
  Robin . —Well , maister Smith , tliou don't understand the meaning of the law , and I'll tell theo all about it in one word , but first I'll tell thee a story about a shoemaker that lived in Chester , and a bit of a spree he had with bishop . Daniel , for that was chap ' s name , was working one day , when in comes bishop . " Well , Daniel , " says bishop , " I hoar thou bee ' s a great agitator . " " I s'pose I be , " says Daniel . " Well , Daniel , " says bishop , "I hear that thou puts down all want and bad things happen to bad laws and aristocracy . " '' Thou hear ' st rect enough , " says Daniel . " Why , Daniel , " says bishop , " doesn't know that all suffering of poor folk iscurae of God for their sins and wickedness , and immorality ?" "Nowt the sort , " says Daniel , " it ' s all a damned lee . " " Why , Daniel , " says bishop , stamping .
  
  " doesn't know that God Almighty never- sent a mouth into the world without sending enough to ? ut into it . " Well , maister Smith , now mind what ) aniel said . Daniel heard that bishop was queer like , when he was at college , and used to bo out at neet wi , lasses , and bishop had no children , and Daniel was always a regular hard-working honest man , and he lias ten children , and "Tea , " says Daniel , putting down the " last , " and looking in bishop's face , yea , " says he , " I know that as well as thou , but I'll tell thee where all the differ is . " " Where ? " says bishop . " Here , " says Dan , " God Almighty sent all mouths to my shop , and the Parliament all meat to thine . " Eh , bishop cut . Smith ( roaring with laughter . ) A . capital answer , Robin . And now about law in one word Robin ? '
  
  Robin . —Vote , maister Smith . Fofc—that ' s the ticket ; and land ' s the soup , maisier Smith . So vote and land be ticket for soup . Smith . —Give me your hand , Robin , give me your hand . You have hit the nail upon the head—I was wondering how you'd wind up your argument . - Come now , Robin , fill to my toast , a bumper , Robin , a
  
  Untitled Article
  
  bumper of good old English ale , that eveiy man that wishes ought to have at home . Come , Jackson , join us . Jackson . —Thank you , sir . I ' m a tee-totaller . Smith . —Come then , Robin , you and I for it . Here ' s that we may live to see the restoration of old English times , old English fare , -old English holidays , and old English justice , and every man live by the sweat of his brow ; when the gaol was a terror to the wicked instead of a refuge for the destitute , when her hardy honest peasantry were their country ' s pride , when the weaver worked at his own loom , and
  
  stretched his limbs in his own field , when the laws recognized the poor man ' s right to an abundance of everything , when , he was willing to work as the first "lien" upon the land of the country ; and as the corrupt v 6 tes of others conferred the people's land upon an idle aristocracy , may we soon see the day when an enfranchised community shall regain those rights and property of which they have been robbed bv an idle usurping oligarchy . Come , Robin , three cheers , fill your glass and cheer . Robin . —Ecod , but I'll do that . Take off wig too . Here ' s to the aforesaid , and sooner the better .
  
  Jackson . —Hold , hold . My word , if I never took another drop , I'll pledge the Squire ' s toast . Robin Eh , he ' s real Squire now . Smith . —Come , hands around . Here ' s to the aforesaid , and the vote to accomplish it . Robin . —With three tunes three . Smith . —Nine times nine . Robin and Jackson . —With all my heart , with all my heart , . and one cheer more . Smith . —Well now , Robin , there ' s no use in talking without acting , how much land would you say was enough to occupy a man ' s labour fully ? Robin . —Well , four acres is over niucn , but man could manage it .
  
  Smith . —Four acres ! Well , Jackson , do you and every man that worked for me , and can't get employ , ment at their own job , and that wishes to go on the land , come up to-morrow , and , upon my honour , I'll divide the sheep walk into farms of four acres each , and I'll try the experiment . Jackson . —Thank you , sir , but we ' ve no money to build cottages , or to live till crops come round . Smith , —Pooh , pooh , I'll do all that , and charge you fair interest for the outlay . Jackson . —Only give us the cottage and land , sir , and charge what interest you please , and take my head off my shoulders , if ever you are disappointed when you call for the rent . Smith . —Well , come , now we'll have a chop ; poor Robin is tired , I'll send him home in the gig , and I must go up to the sheep walk to make my arrangements .
  
  Robin . —Ecod , I ' m not tired now , I'll walk home , and , ecod , 1 wont look so blue at ould common any more , though , ecod , I can't forget cow when I had it for nowt . Smith . —Well , come , Robin , here's some satisfaetion for you . Here goes all the League's tracts , and all the rest of the rubbish into the fire together . Robin . —Eeod , that will do , and now thou mun do what thou like wi' common . Good bye , maister Smith . God of heaven bless thee . Come along , Jackson , strighten thy back , and hold up thy head , man , thou'll soon make another five hundred now . Smith . —Good bye , Robin ; good bye , Jackson ; Robin , I mustn't forget you . You'll come and bring up your traps to the porter ' s lodge , and you shall have acre for less than nine shillings , and let Jackson and his friends " COMBINE" to till it for you .
  
  llobm . —Thank ye , maister Smith . Thank ye . Eeod , that ' s something like " COMBINATION , " but , thanking thee all the same , I'll live and dee' in ould spot , where faither and grandfaither lived and dee'd before me . Smith . —Well , Robin , if you prefer that , I shan't interfere with your choice , but I'll take care- that 3 * 011 shan't want for anything for the remaining years of your life . Robin . —Eh , but I can say nowt . My ould heart ' s so full . God bless thee ! God bless thee ! God Almighty bless thee ! Coomc along , Jackson , or I shall make fool of old eyes , ecod .
  
  Untitled Article
  
  Horrible Cask of Fhatkicide , axd Committal of me Bkother for Trial . —Staffordshire has become the scene of another shocking murder , and there is too much reason to fear that the diabolical crime was perpetrated by a brother . The murder was committed on the night of Friday week , at a place called Biddulph , in the Moorlands , about six miles from Congleton . The condition of the unfortunate parties was that of small farmers . Thomas Brougli , the deceased , lived at the New Brent Farm , in the parish of Biddulph . It would appear that he was a man who , by parsimonious habit , had succeeded in accumulating some little property , and was the owner of Whitefiekl Farm , which is situate near his own house . Whitcfield Farm had been in the occupation of his
  
  widowed mother and his brother John Brougli , for a little more than twelve months . The mother was the recognised tenant , though , it would , seem , that the brother John managed the farm , and was applied to for the rent when due . On Friday afternoon last , the 3 rd inst ., about dusk , a distress was put in by the direction of Thos . Brougli , at Whitefield Farm , for rent due to him , amounting to £ 29 12 s , In consequence of some conversation which one of the bailiffs had with the mother and John Brough , the bailiff sent for Thomas Brough . in order to an amicable settlement , if possible , without enforcing the distress . The deceased Thomas Brougli shortly afterwards came to WhiteMd , aud lvad some conversation with his mother and brother as to the rent
  
  duo . There does not appear to have been any quarrel between the two brothers in the house , but the deceased complained very much about his rent not being paid , and intimated that he must have it ; lie also refused to return two boxes , which had been removed by the bailiffs to his house , until the following morning . The two bailiffs left the house , and the brothers remained in conversation . Shortly afterwards Thomas Brough went into the fold , where some further conversation ensued . Ho was about to leavo , when his brother John said " Stop a bit , I will fro and kin ( kindle ) mv lanthorn . and will 20 with
  
  you as far as the barn , and sweep two or three oats up . " According to the evidence of his nephew , who lived at Whitcfield , John Brough then returned to the house , lighted the candle in the lanthorn , and went towards the barn : anil Ms brother Thomas walked down the meadow towards lu ' s own house , Thomas Brougli was not afterwards seen alive . As he did not return home , his wife became alarmed , and , assisted by other persons , made various inquiries after him until a late hour that night , but nothing was heard of him until Saturday , about noon , when his body was accidentally found in a sand pit on Biddulph Moor . He was quite dead .
  
  The Ixquest . —The inquiry as to the cause of death , which , was commenced on Tuesday , terminated on Friday , at the Talbot Arms , in the parish of Biddulph , before Mr . C . Harding , the coroner . Mr . John Harrison , surgeon , of Barsham , who made a post mortem examination , said he found the head on the left side was much fractured , and several pieces of bone were found driven completely in , which were sufficient to cause death . It was the result of some severe blow with a heavy instrument , such as a hammer . After the evidence of the constable and the two men who were sent by the deceased to make the distress before alluded to , the prisoner , James Brough , was brought before the coroner , by whom ie was informed that he would be discharged from
  
  custody , as there was no evidence adduced to show that he was implicated in the murder of his brother . He was then called on to give evidence . Before doing so , however , the coroner told him that be was not oound to say anything to criminate himself . James Brough examined : I live at Blackwood-hill farm , and am servant to Mr . Challinor , to whom the farm belongs . On Friday night , between eight and nine o ' clock , while I was supping-up my horses , my brother John and Ishmael Lancaster came to me . They opened the door and came into the stable . Ishmael Lancaster then said , "I am come to kill thee . " My brother John said that Thomas had taken my box and his , and was going to sell him up , and he wanted me to go with him to settle it . I
  
  said " It is so near the weekend , it's no xiso my going with thoc to-night ; he wont sell tliee up this week . " He said "Bed them down , and come with me now . " I said "Sit you down while I clean them ; if I must go with you I will go . " John said "Never mind cleaning them , bed them down and go with us now . " I said , " I ' ll clean this mare . I've been to Leek with her ; she is all of a sweat . " As sooii as I had cleaned her down I went with them out , and locked the door . After I had locked the door I went to look after the cows , to see ¦ if they were all right . We all three then went into the house . John Brown , another servant , got them bread and cheese , vrliile I got ready to go with them I said to John Brown , " I shall not be lone before T
  
  come back again . " On my way they both kept telling me I must do what I could to settle it . We all three went on until we got to Ishmael Lancaster ' s bxmse , where lslmiael stopped . I and mv brother came on . Just before we got to my brother Thomas ' s house , John said , I will tell thee what tWu must say when thou goes m . Thou must say , 'What is my box doing here ? Where is Tom ? '" I did ° o into Thomas a , and saw the box . . I saw my brother Thomas ' s wife . She said , in answer to my qSn tiiatshedul not know ; she was at Tunstlll Xn ^ I ™ ™ " ^ tbere . I said to her , it wa 7 a
  
  strange thing they could uot be quiet . I wdd go over to my mother ' s , and would call as I < amo baX S ; . , T W ^ i ' T al 0 n S tte l ^ e from my S « « Tf * ^ V wertookroy brother John : He said , Ms he in ? " I said , ' < No , he has never been seen smcc he came from the Whitefield . " Thomas s wife had told me this . John began cryin ° and said he did not know what he must do ; and ° I asked him what for Ho said he reckoned ho shoudbcW I said , "What for ? " He said he had lut my brother Thomas on the back of the head with ajiainnier , and he reckoned he had killed him . I said Oh dear , John , you should not have done so you ' re sure to behung . I then said , "Where is he ?'
  
  Untitled Article
  
  [ The prisoner - John Brougli was here sent for , and on being brought into the room , the coroner told him that the witness who was then being examined was beginning to give evidence which affected him ( John Brou « h ) as being implicated in the murder of his brother , Thomas Brough . It was therefore his ( the coroner's ) duty to have him brought into the room , in order that he might listen to what was said , lho Coroner then read over to the prisoner those parts of James Brough ' s evidence which affected him . IJie examination of the witness was then resumed . ] lie said that he was at the bottom of tho nieadow , and that I must help him to do something with him . I said , " Oh dear , John , I cannot go near him . He kept begging of me to help him to take him
  
  somewhere . I told him it was no use asking me , I could not go near him . I went info my mother ' s liouso , and he kept following after me to ask me . My mother asked what she must get for our suppers ; 1 said "Nothing , I had had mine . " She then wanned some milk , and whilst she was doing so John went out milking . When the milk was warmed shegave me mine , and I drank a few spoonfuls , the remainder I set down for the dog . She asked me if I was going to stop all night ; I said " No , I was going back again . " She begged of ine to stop all night . When John came in , 1 told him I was going ; lie said " Don't go to-night , start early in the morning . " I said "I am obliged to go to-night . If anything hanDons at Blaekwood-hill . and me here , Mr .
  
  James will lay it all on me . " I set off to Blackwood-hill . John came out with me and followed me to Thomas's house . I did not go in ; there was a lock on the outside of the door . I came out of the yard , and John begged of me to help him to do something with my brother Thomas . I said , " Ah , John , it ' s no use asking me ; I can't go near him . He then began crying , and I said " Goodnight , " and I started . Up the lane I met lslmiael Lancaster and Thomas s wife . She asked me whether I had seen my brother Thomas ? I said " No . " She said she doubted but that he was made away , as he had never been home . I said if he was ho would be found . I said if I could have seen him I could have settled the matter . She went down towards home , and I went to
  
  Blackwoodlull . When I got there John Brown was gone to bed , but ho got up to let me in . It was tbon a little more than half-past eleven 0 ' clock . We then went to bed . After the Coroner had recapitulated the evidence , he addressed the prisoner , asking him if he had anything to say with respect to the charge contained in the depositions ? The prisoner burst into tears , and uttered some expressions which were not distinctly audible ; but lie was understood to say that he " niust suffer for other folks . " He also said something in reference to transportation , or being sent out of the country . The j my then returned a verdict of Wilful Murder against John Brough , for the murder of his brother , Thomas Brougli . Brougli was committed for trial at the next assizes .
  
  Execution 01 ? Mary Shemisg for tiie Mukder of her GrRAXDcniLD . —Ipswich , Saturday Evening . — This wretched woman , condemned to death at the late assizes , by Mr . Justice Williams , at Bury St . Edmund ' s , underwent the extreme sentence of the law on a new drop erected in front of the county gaol in this town , a ^ noon , in the presence of avast concourse of people . The crime for which she suffered was the murder of John Shcming , the illegitimate child of Caroline , her daughter , by administering to it a quantity of arsenic in its " pap , " at a small village called Martlesham , on the Woodbridge-road , on the 30 th of July , and the manner in which the shocking act was brought to light is somewhat remarkable . The unhappy woman , it seems , in consequence of the
  
  father of the child not allowing its mother any money for its support , and this being the second illegitimate child of her daughter , for some time previous to its death meditated its destruction . A few days prior to the 30 th of July , she waited upon the village undertaker , and stated " that he would soon have to make a job for her grandchild . " She also said , "That if its father did not allow it anything , they would have to go into the union workhouse , " a proceeding which she utterly abhorred . It should bo mentioned that at the time she gave vent to theso expressions , which evidently showed her intentions , the child was in perfect health . Things Avent on till the 30 th , and during the daughter ' s absence she went into a neighbour ' s cottage with her grandchild in her lap , and
  
  expressed her fears that the child was dying , but no medical man was called in , although the neighbour strongly recommended it . Fatal results happened , and , in a short space of time , three or four clays , the unfortunate little victim was interred in a burying-ground attached to a neighbouring dissenting chapel , the registrar ' s certificate being gained 011 being assured that the deceased had died naturally whilst in convulsions ; After its interment , however , suspicious rumours got afloat , and after the lapse of two months the body was disinterred , and on the contents of the stomach being carefully analysed , the presence of sufficient arsenic was discovered as to cause death , and which induced the coroner ' s jury to return a verdict of wilful murder
  
  against her , on which charge she was found guilty on her trial , and which ended in her condemnation . Since that period her conduct lias been resigned . She lias made several admissions—first , that the aisenic was in a cup which she kept for the purpose of poisoning the rats , and which she accidentally made the pap in . Then she has given a story respecting it , quite of a different description . It is , however , possible that sl \ 6 has lnacle a i ' llll confession . During the last few ( lays of her existence she seemed contrite , and showed not the least ill-feeling against , her daughter , the principal witness against her on her trial . On Friday she had a last far ewell with her husband , a poor hard-working labourer , and some of her children , ihe scene being , as may be imagined , deeply affecting . She underwent a restless night on Friday , and rose at an early hour on Saturday morning , and partook of a slight breakfast . The chaplain of the gaol was early in attendance upon her , and about eleven
  
  0 clock administered the sacrament . Shortly before noon the ceremony of handing her over to the sheriffs of the county for execution took place , and on a procession being formed to the pinioning room , Calcraft , the Old Bailey hangman , who was specially retained , secured her hands . At twelve o ' clock the wretched culprit was led to the drop , the prison bell lolling and the rev . pastor of the prison reading the burial service . On gaining the platform , there was a slight disapprobation amougst the multitude below , but it was not general . The executioner performed his task with much dexterity , and the miserable creature could not have been said to have been on the drop scarcely a minute before tlie bolt was drawn , and she was launched into eternity . Her death was , however , a severe one , her . struggles were long , and she gave some convulsive heaves two or three minutes afterwards . The body , after hanging the usual time , was cut down , and interred in the prison . She was in her fifty-fourth year , and has left six children .
  
  The Someksexsuire Murders , —Shapwick , Saturday Evening . —In consequence of information received by the magistrates , the coroner issued his warrant for the disinterrnont- of the body of James Strong , the illegitimate child of the accused , Sarah Freeman , aged 7 , and interred on the 19 th of November , 1843 , and that of Henry Freeman , her husband , aged 24 , and interred on the 2 nd of January , 1844 . The disintcrments having been effected , the coffins , which were quite perfect , were conveyed into the churchporch , aud there opened in the presence of the COl' 0-ner and the jury sworn to investigate the Ciiuse of their deaths . Upon the coffins being opened , the intestinal canal and the liver and spleen of each of the bodies were taken out , placed in stone jars , and having
  
  been tied over with bladder , and properly labelled , they were delivered to Mr . Ilcrapath , in order that he might make a chemical analysis of their contents . The coroner and jury having returned to the village school-room , at once proceeded to hold the inquest on the body of Mary Dimond ( mother of the accused , Sarah Freeman ) , aged 71 , who died on the 15 th of December , lSdi , and whose body had been exhumed , and the contents of her stomach and intestines submitted to chemical analysis . The following evidence was given : —Mr . Edward England Phillips sworn : I am a surgeon , and reside at Clulton-super-FQ . ld . cn . On Thursday , the 12 th of December last , I was in the parish of § hapwick , and as I passed the door of Charles Dimond I was called into to see Mary Dind
  
  mo , the deceased ; it was after dinner ; I wont in , and found her sitting by the fireside . I asked her what was the matter , and she replied that she had been taken casting ( vomiting ) , and that she had a pain all round her , and that she thought that she had the bile on her stomach . Her tongue was very foul , and the taste in her mouth , she said , was very disagreeable . She said that her bowels had been opened durm " the day ; her pulse was natural , Sarah Freeman , her daughter , stood beside mo while I asked questions . I told her to give her mother some gruel frequently , to apply warmth to the region of the stomach , and to send to my house as soon as she could that evening for medicine . She did not , however , send cither that evening or the following day for any medicine . On the Saturday afternoonabout
  
  , four 0 cloek , I was again driving through Shapwick , and was again called in to see deceased ; she was then upstairs in bed ; Sarah Freeman , her daughter , went upstairs with me . I found Mary Dimond , the deceased , complaining of the same symptoms as on ilmrsday , but that they were more severe . I felt her pulse , and found it small and frequent . I then toicl her that she could not expect to get bettor , unless she used the necessary means ; ana left her with that observation . Sarah Freeman came down stairs with me and said , " What do you think of mother ?" 1 replied that she was in a very dangerous state , and told her that I would proceed to Asheottas miir . Mv . ns
  
  I could , m order that she might hare her medicines from my house speedily . The medicines were subsequently fetched by one of the sons , and when leave him the medicines , I said , if she became worse in the night , and they would let me know , I would come but that at all events I would conic and see her in the morning . In the morning I accidentally heard that she was dead , and consequently did not go . On Wednesday last I was present in Shapwick churchyard , and saw the exhumation of a body , and the coffin opened ; it was identified before the jury in my presence as the body of the deceased , Mai ? Dimond I then proceeded to make n post mortem examination of the body . Mr . Hcvapath was present during the
  
  Untitled Article
  
  whole time . I took out the intestinal canal onti ™ with the liver and tho spleen , and delivered thcm ' Mr . Herapath . The deceased was seventy-one voa « of age . The heart was healthy ; there were some old adhesions of the lungs , but not such as would £ my opinion occ : ision death . I saw nothing tlijt struck me as the immediate cause of death . % 1 symptoms which I observed on visiting the d ecea se d were those which might or would result from the a < l . ministration of arsenic , but they did not at the time attract my particular notice , nor had I any idea that she was labouring under the effecta of poison . Upon being asked by the registrar to assign a cause of death , I told him that I really could not , that it was very mysterious , for they had been very inattentive ; but that from her a < rc , and knowing her to have been
  
  weakly , I supposed it might be called decay ol nature . Mr . W . Herapath sworn : I am an analytical chemist . On the 9 th of January inst . I attended at the parish church of Shapwick , and witnessed tho exhumation of a body . I found the coffin perfect , the clothing perfect , and the body also perfect . Mr . Pliillipps , surgeon , of Clultou-supcr-PoJdcn , opened the body in my presence ; he applied ligatures round the extrennties of the oesophagus and rectum , and removed the entire alimentary canal , together with the liver and the spleen ; it was immediately placed in a vessel , and covered down in my presence . I took it away with me , and without losing sight of it conveyed it to ' my residence at Bristol . Upon examining the stomach I found a moderate quantity of contents
  
  pea-soup , containing two whole yellow peas , and a few fibres of undigested meat . There were also upon the inner surface of the stomach a few small detached white particles ^ The surface of the stomach had a pale blush of inflammation covering it , and in two portions that inflammation was more strongly marked . Upon detaching those white particles , and collecting those which had subsided to the bottom of the vessel into which I had poured the contents of the stonincb , I subjected them to chemical examination , and found them to be white arscnious acid ( common white arsenic of the shops ) . I produce a specimen of metallic arsenic produced from them by sublimation with charcoal and carbonate of soda . I produce another specimen sublimed from them with
  
  cyanide of potassium . Another specimen from them as precipitated upon metallic copper , by Itiensche ' s method . I also produce a specimen of Schcelc ' s green , made from it with the ammoniacal sulphate of copper , and a specimen of arsenite of silver , mado from it with the ammmoniacal nitrate of silver , and a specimen of suhdntret of arsenic made from it with hydro-sulphuric acid . These experiments leave no doubt on my mind that arscnious acid was present in the stomach of the dead body , and although the inflamed surface was not so strongly marked as 1 have sometimes seen It , I believe it to have been the cause of death . The fluid in the intestines had the appearance of pea-soup . Other witnesses were examined , and the jury , after half-ail-hour ' s deliberation , returned a verdict—That the deceased , Mary Dimoud , died of poison , by arsenic administered to her , b \\ i bv whom administered was to the jurors unknown .
  
  The inquests on the other bodies were then adjourned . Extexsivu Fire at Newcastle . —A fire broke out on Saturday morning last , shortly after one o ' clock , in an extensive steam flour-mill , situate in Gaiiowgate , near the barracks , at Neweastle-upon-Tyne , the property of Mr . Laws , and in tho occupation of My . Anderson . The premises arc nearly new ; and had been fitted up at great expense with all the recent improvements , the model being supplied by one recently erected in the United States . Tho lire uriL r inated in the upper part of the building , it i . s supposed from the heating of the flues , whence it had communicated with some of tho beams in the vicinity . It was fortunately confined to the upper stories of the building , but much . damage was done to the Hour in the lower departments by the immense quantity of water thrown in , as well as from the hasty manner in which the sacks of flour were removed . The damage done is estimated at £ 2 , 000 .
  
  Murder axd Highway Robbery sear Liverpool . — On Monday information was received at Bow-street , and thence circulated throughout the metropolitan police force , that on New Year ' s-cve Mr . Thomas Teacop , a corn and flour dealer , was , whilst on his return from his shop , in Rockferry-lanc , to his residence , near the New Ferry-turnpike , in the township of Higher Bebington , in the county of Chester , attacked by three men and robbed . The villains beat Mr . Peaeop to such an extent about the head , and other parts of the body , that lie died on the 4 tli inst . None of the offenders are known , but a reward of £ 200 has been offered ( £ 100 by the Government ) for the apprehension and conviction of the oftcmiei'S . Her Majesty's gracious pardon will be extended to any accomplice ( not being the person who gave the mortal blow ) who will give evidence that will lead to the same result .
  
  FritE iiY inn Crrr-KOAD . —On Tuesday night , about half-past ten o ' clock , a fire broke out on the premises of Mr . Gorton , patent fire-wood manufacturer , City Canal Basin , City-road , which for a time threatened disastrous consequences . It was discovered by Mr . Gorton , who was accidentally near the spot at the time , who observed a . body of flame in the steamengine room , and which adjoins the room which contamed the composition of liquid resin in which the fire-wood is dipped . Adjoining the resin-room is the warehouse , in which were above forty loads of firewood , which soon ignited . The engines being promptly at work , an immense volume of water was poured on the devouring element , which very shortly overpowered its progress and prevented a vast destruction of property . The workshops , which were lighted with gas , were dostroved with the maehinerr .
  
  TlJBATMpT OF IXAUAJr" BOYfi IS EXGIdXD . —O f ! Monday forenoon , at ten o ' clock , an inquiry , adjourned from Friday Last , was resumed and concluded before Mr . Waklcy , ' M . P ., at the Horse and Groom . King-street , Seven Dials , on tke body of Joseph . Leonardi , an Italian boy , aged 15 , who was found dying in the streets in a state of destitution , and expired on Wednesday last in St . Giles ' s workhouse , to which place he was removed . The deceased was one of those unfortunate creatures who are brought over in shoals to tins country from their native land , to pveambulatc the streets with hand organs , and to solicit charity from the inhabitants of those neighbourhoods they infest . The object of the inqiiirywas in the employ of an Italian named Rabbiaotti . and with
  
  several other boys of the same class resided in a miserable' hovel , pregnant with filth and disease , in Short ' s-gardens , Drury-lano . Two Italians , in the employ of Rabbiaotti , were first called , and concurred in stating that he was a kind and considerate piaster ; that they were comfortably lodged , well supplied with food , and by no means hard worked . A lad named Fortunate was next examined at considerable length . He said he had formerly been in the service of Ral > biaotti and knew the deceased . He had lived with deceased ' s master for some time , but was obligecHo quit his service on account of the atrocious cruelties practised upon him . Their time for parading the streets was from nine in the morning till eleven at night . They then returned home and went to bed ,
  
  three of them sleeping together . From what lie knew of deceased he considered his death was mainly attributable to the cruelties he systematically experienced , and to a violent beating given him by his master . This beating the witness described as follows : —One evening the deceased came home , and his return was represented to his master . " Is he by , " exclaimed Rabbiaotti , and forthwith went ' to the boy , who had by that time got into bed . Rabbiaotti took the lad by one arm and one leg , and dragging him from his bed , struck him violently against the wall , and beat his head against the table which was standing in the middle of the room . Deceased exclaimed at the time , " 0 , 1 am done for , " but still the master continued beating him . Deceased was
  
  labouring under severe disease of the chest at the time , and constantly complained . Notwithstanding this ho was ^ compelled to go for the usual time into the streets every day with his organ . —By a Juror : There was no written agreement between Rabbiaotti and those he employed , but the terra for < vhicli they were engaged on being brought from Italy was two years and a half . "W hatever money a boy brought home at night . he had to divide with the master for the use of the organ . A gentleman who was present , said that the amount of cruelty practised upon these poor defenceless hoys by their rapacious masters was inconceivable ; A number of Italian gentlemen have become alive to the subjectand a society had been .
  
  , formed with a determination of protecting them , ani of procuring convictions against harsh emp loyers . —Mr . Bennett , surgeon , deposed to having made a post mortem examination of the body . The lungs were one mass of disease , and exposure to cold w ould greatly accelerate it . There were no marks of violence 0 ^ the external surface of the body , and he was of opinion that a natural cause produced death . — The Coroner summed up the evidence , and the jurj ^ returned a verdict of Natural Death , but accompanied it yrith . a severe censure on the conduct 01 Rabbiaotti for allowing the deceased to bo exposed to the inclemency of the weather whilst labouring under such a dreadful illness .
  
  Love and Suicide . —The festival of Christmas at Criogan has been marked by a tragic event . A young man named Pfliegcr , clerk in the office of a MWachseler , had fallen in love with his master 3 daughter , and his affection being returned , they vei ' secretly affianced . Pfliegcr had a passion for gainbling , and being unable to satisfy it , had robbed hf master of 0 , 000 thalers ( £ 1 , 000 ) and fled . On Ch ristmas Eve he returned , . and had an interview witB Mademoiselle Wachseler , and both seeing their union impossible , resolved to commit suicide next inonim ? - Accordingly thev mot in a nei ^ hbourine wood , and M
  
  having a brace of double-barrelled pistols , loaded cacji barrel with a double charge and two bullets . Ea « j were to discharge both barrels into the mouth . I J ™ young girl fired , and expired immediately ; w * Pilicger , at the moment of pulling the trigger , v *» seized with a trembling , and fainted . The report 01 the girl ' s pistol attracted a crowd , and Pfliegcr va arrested , and conducted to prison ; The next morning ,-when the gaoler entered his cell with his breakfast , he found hnaa a corpse , for , during the nigMi Pfliegcr had hung himself to the bars of his cell witfl his s 2 k handkerchief . —Gazctt & des Tribwumx-
  
  &Aflttti&&Gt; &Lt;©Ff&Lt;Mt&Lt;&Gt;& 3!N$Ue0& Kt
  
  &aflttti& > <© ff < mt <> & 3 ! n $ ue 0 & kt
  
  Untitled Article
  
  I Twrc WaRTTfBRN STAR . January 18 , ia . . /
Citation
- Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 18, 1845, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1298/page/6/

On this page

Untitled Article

Untitled Article

Untitled Article

Untitled Article

Untitled Article

Untitled Article

Untitled Article

&Aflttti&&Gt; &Lt;©Ff&Lt;Mt&Lt;&Gt;& 3!N$Ue0& Kt

Untitled Article