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Northern Star (1837-1852), 14th September 1844, Edition 1 of 1, Page 4, Untitled Article

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    • THE NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 14, 1844.
    • tfaxtiga 3Sttt*nts*n«.
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      Untitled Article

      MOROCCO . Bj ocxade OT Mogabos . —Tie following was re-% elveo at Xlejd ' s tbiB > eek : — Gibraltar , Aug . 31 , 184 ^ . t . sir I Cave to announce , for the infonn&tic n of the committee , tbBt her Majesty ' s -steamer Y ^ iuvlns , Trbich 1 stated in my last , of the 24 th Inst , ' * ss daily expected from Mogador , arrived here on thf . following day , brir ^ fajg our consul ( Mr . Willsnira " , bi » family , and most £ > f tie Euglish residents at Mopjodor . ¦ It appear * from ibe Intelligence sba brought , that the Frentb . Equ&dmn had silenced the batteries at Mogador on the afternoon of the 15 th m ' * t , and -ro fire -was returned by the Moois ; on the Ti 6 ih the said Eeet poured 5 n shot and shell during tin -whole of that day , to complete the destruction of thai city . In' the afternoon the . "wild Arabs entered it , a » i committed acts of atrocity and plunder , by ¦ wniek the European and Jewish inhabitants "were the ^ riseipal mffsrers .

      •• Mr . "WiHshire and family , in the dead of night of \ ht 16 th , succeeded in getting to the -waterpo ' , from -which spot one of Ma derks ^ lied off on a ' raft he had « jBstrBcted io « otnnmmcste " with the French brig Cwsir 4 ; from her be obtained a beat to remove the consul and his family . " T > n the eTening of the loth , after a heavy canooEade { alluded tointbe postscript of my despatch of the ISth ) , the island opposite Mogador was carried by assault The Moors having no means of escape , kept up a deadly fire xjfausketry on the » tormlng party , -which it is said killed end -wounded a considerable number of the French troops , iBcludiflz Bome officers .

      " ~ 3 £ oyxdor ~ has beaf 3 ec ! ared in a state of blockade , and in the waters of the islatd { dow ocenpied by a strong - pron ^ Vi garrison ) -will be jtatioaed a ns-ral dirisioa to enforce the interdiction . They are fortifying this island , and-jmblio attention is much directed to their possession of so important a joint , as it commands both the town « nd the harbour o ! Mogador , -which is the principal commerel&l seaport of Morocco . « Oa theiSlhtnst * French force , consisting of a line-© f-battle ship , frigate , atore-ahip , andsteamei , passed the Straits from east to west , and were seen afterwards Peering down the -western coast of Barbary , supposed -Joi the purpose of reinforcing the island , and probably to keep possession also of ilo ^ sdor . Her Msj ^ aty ' s ship * Pormidable and Scout immediately pnt to bss , in the same direction . " Admiral Sir E . Owen shifted his fiig t » her Majesty * steemerTesBTius , in the mole , where she is undergoing some repairs .

      " The Sroeiiland , one of the largest of the French ¦ war steamers , was totally lost on the -west coast of Morocco , oa some rocks about three leagues from Xar-¦ cbe on toe 26 ih insfc The Sloors immediately commenced as attack upon the vessel "whicb had lasted full four bsuxs , -when , fortunately the steamer Teaetto arrived to her assistance , succeeded in dispersing the 2 £ oerak « oldiera , and received on board the -crew , and such things as could be saved from the wreck . ' In the afternoon the Prince && Joinvills , in the Pinton , also arrived on that part « f the coast , and finding it impossible to float the Greenland , caused her to be destroyed by file . It is supposed that his Royal Highness was sleeting for Cadis , to meet the Due da Glucksberg lrhe is on some special mission from the French Government , the nature of which has net trassDired .

      • "Two days ago , his Excellency H . i . Buiwer , Esq . British ™ i-mRn > r to the Spanish court ) , returned from Ills second visit to Tansier in the Heela steamer , on his return to the capital , ria Cadiz and Seville . - "Itappears by a semi-official commncicatien , that Ob Excellency ' s exertions , combined with those of Mr . Bay , our abla and indefatigable Gonaul General and Charge d'Affairs at Tangier , that a complete reconciliatJonhas been effected between the sovereigns of Spain aad ^ Iorocco , so that the Spanish CobeuI at Tangier itill return thither to resume his- functions , in the course of a fortnight , and I trust that the ratification of bo -desirable a settlement of the Spanish question will sot be frustrated at Madrid by the undue influence of « ny foreign power .

      •¦ An order has been recently received from Madrid by the Captain-General at Cadiz , for the -frigate Christina sad corvette Yenns to return to Tangier Bay , by which it is inferred that the happy result of ihe negotiations adverted to could not of course have been known jn that opital when that order was issued . " Bumours are afloat that the French contemplate a second attack on Tangier * , and , if so , probably its occupation ; but I canaot trace the report to My creditable source . They frequently call at Tarifa , but for what object is sot known . ( Signed ) " J . Xcsgljlsds Cowell . "

      A supplement of the TouZonnais of- the 4 in publishes the following letter from in efficer oa board the Jemappes , off Mogador , dated the 24 ' M ult . The intelligence contained in Ihe letter , should it be confirmed , is very important , but it is in some measure at Tarianee -with the accounts . It it right , however , to state that the Serdixelle of Toulon has a paragraph to the same tffect as this letter . " On board the Jemappes , off Mogador , Aug . 24 . " The three ships of the line and the Belle Poale Trere under -way yesterdiy for Cadiz , but ' -the Suffren and Triton had scarcely gained the offing when the Idoroeconten began to cannonade the Island , and

      the Jemappes and the frigate were ordered to let go their anchors again . The admiral 1 mnediately i-rdered the broadsides of the steam frigate < jToenland , "the steam correttes Gassend : and Tedette , snd the brigs Pand ^ ur snd Tolage to bear npon the town , snd commence firing upon the batteries , which they did for a space of two hours in the evening . As Boon as they had silenced the enemy ' s Ere , a new landing was made by our troops , for the purpose of spiking the guns which bad been mounted since the 16 th . The immediate departure of the steam-packet prevents me from sending yon the result of this operation , bat no ^ on ts of its success can be entertained . "

      Import as I . —Accounts received , via Gibraltar , state that another battle baa taken place between the French and . the Hoors , in which the former , filling into an ambush , were defected by Abd-el-lLader with much Ides . [ This report requires confirmation 3 A letter from the camp of General Lamorieiere states that twenty-five thousand horse of the son of Abderrshman , after having been bo severely beaten by the French at Islsy , were in their disordered rttreat attacked by U . e Kabyles and Brrberes , -and horribly cot up .

      FRANCE . Thb Debate has the following on a recent meeting of the Repeal Association in Dublin : — " We cannot give an account of this meeting without a few words of remark ; for we shonld not like It to be supposed that we see anything serious in the proceedings . It appears that one of the speakers celebrated , with an enthusiasm marked by a local colouring , the bombardment pf the ports of Morocco , and the courage of the Prince de Joinville . "We Ehonld certain y feel nattered at these enlbgioms , both far ihe French nary and for the Prince , if we could sappose ihem to be disinterested . Bpt , knowing their just valne , we coafess with sincerity th' at we ai-e bat very slightly touched by ibem . A short time back , when a perfect harmony appeared to exist between the governments of Pxance and England , the repeal orators lavished the most violent abuse en the King of tbe Fren . cii and his family . At

      present , waen certain persons amuse themselves wuh circulating reports of wax , th : se same speech-makers change their theme , and make use of tt-e Prince de JoiBTille and the French navy a 3 they formeriy used the Duke de Bordeaux and the famous brigade ¦ whkh they placed as his service . It would not T > e Tight to form illusions whieh could one day be cruelly disappointed . The Irish , it must be declared , would be the first to laugh at us if we took for ready money the -wishes which they express for onr success . We shall be happy to see them profiling by all circnin-Etaacssio obtain the justice 'which 13 not completely Tendered them _; hui ire should EOS like to th 3 taken for dnpea . We cannot conceal from curEslves that ihe sympathies of Ireland for us would on ' y last to fee period when they should hare drawn from it all the advantage possible . It seems to be supposed that , in difficult times , Ireland would be an iusirulaent for us , we rather ibink that we should be one for her . "

      _ Ths AC ^ mTTAi . iLa . O'Conxeu . -by the BoE = e O * Jjorda is the subject of conment in tevera-i of ifce papers . The DcbaU says— " After feavic ^ read ih * debatea in the House of LordE , it musiie acknowledged tha ; the manner in whkh the jad ^ aeM has been given does great honour u > the poliucal and COBSticptional system in England . The qaestisn has been diseassed and settled by iire persons oniy—that is to say , bj the lawyers of ihe Houas ^ an « l alihoueh All the oiher Pesia of Gnat Britain , icclndirij : such af the Ministry as are members of the Upper liaase , hid a -right to take a part in the voie , jet , from respect for ccnstiiutionsJ eastoits , they snammoujy abstained . "

      The Dsbais proceeds then to stive a skeveh of the proceedings which took place in the House of Lords on that memorable daj , and which it does -with the abilky which is always remarkable in our ecaiemporary's articles npoo England ; and is concludes "with these words ;—" We repeatj that the manner in whieh the jadgffienthao been given is calculated to give a high idea of English forms and English jostica . Jt ia bejond a ? v liat liie "ception of Mr . O'Connell ' s appeal muss be a source of great embarrassment to the jmniawy , and yet the m 5 iiist « ry has scrnpnlonsJy steiained from interfering in the decision of the ioase , aithongh it could have legally done so . Ail P £ szs had a rigat io vote , and if all had made use of iheirTight , ahe leiul ; coa' . d not be doubtful , consideim -ina imaeass ma jority ttat buppOIK ihe pnvPTT . Ront in ihfc u > , per house . " y

      SPAIN . Perhaps « e most extraordinary feature of Spmbb soeicty & % ih $ present znomeni may be iouud , as hitherto in the Existence of those eTeriasiin « bauos © f robbers who iiigoit its shi / iing Gavcrnmenta , and its iH' phoed metropolis at its rerj Palace gates . Recently on Ihs day of San Ln ^ f "when ail was . / fes / a . gala , masic 5 and besamanosin i ? sdrid ,, in ceiefcraftoa of the birthday of the Princes La : sa Peruaiids , a jatriy of robbers left ihe ciiy , a . ?< i posted

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      theaiEeiveaxjn the high road from the Escoriil to La Gra ^ ija , Tvhere they robbed , stripped , and beat between thirty and forty passengers , u Hceega , August 25 . —Oa Friday last , between five and six o ' clock in the morning , the diligence that goes from Sarragossa to this town was assaulted byfonr men , armed with trabvxos ( blunderbusses ) , pistole , and daggers , and disguised as labonrers , in the middle of the plains of Violada . Ta exeeute the robbery with more seenrty they conducted the carriage a long way out of the road . Having arrived at a cattle fold , they tied the travellers and made

      them lie down , then made a scrupulous examination of their trunks . The ladies' dresses they despiedj taking only those of the men . Then leading the whole npon three mules belonging to the diligence , they inarched off . after having searched everybody ' s pockets . The persons who were robbed arrived here at three o'clock . There are six ladies and three gentlemen . The robbers from the beginning quieted their fears , assuring them that they intended no other harm than takiBg their money . The sum stolen may amennt to 2 , 000 reals ( £ 20 ); fo most likely they were deceived , as they no doubt expected a larger sum . "

      GERMANY , The Prase states , that in consequence of a convention concluded between the five great Powers on the 20 th of December , 1841 , for the SHppression of the slave trade , the Prussian Government haa published an ordinance , by virtue of which the captain , supercargo , and the first pilot of every ship convicted of having been engaged in the slave trade are condemned to hard labour for a period varying frem five to twenty years . The same punishment will be itlicted on tba owner , the insurer , or on any person advancing funds knowing the destination of the vessel . The crew are to be liable to an imprisonment of from six months to five years , if it be proved that their operation in this trade has been voluntary . The German Frankfort Journal contains the following paragraph : —

      "Notwithstandingtbe applications made m favour of the Israelite inhabitants of tbe frontiers of Russia and Poland , the transportation of that unhappy population has been irrevocably decided , as the only means of maintaining the system of exclusion and the laws which protect it One hundred thousand Israelites eoms under that measure . Tbe rich Israelites , it is true , have been authorised to dispose of their property , and to fix their residence -wherever they please . This was cobsidered a favour , but it is a mere illusion . Tbe Israelites being compelled to alienate their property , will not be able to sell it to advantage , and , on the other hand , they are enly permitted to settle iB the Governments thst formed part of the kingdom of Poland at the period of tbe first partition . T ? ow , the Israelite popu ^ latien is so numerous in those Governments that tbe new-comers will find it difficult to earn a livelihood in

      competition ¦ with then co-religioBists . As regards the property belonging to Israelites in less affluent circumstances , the Government will take it on an estimation , but - will give so Bmall a price for it , that it will be scarcely adequate to defray the expenses of their new establishment . Tbe country , beside * , assigned to the Israelites for a residence is not only almost uninhabited , bat is so barren that tbe produce of tbe soil will scarcely pay tbe expenses of cultivation . "

      INDIA AND CHIN-4 . Amuval er the Ov . bri . jLni > Mail—The 64 ih Regiment Bengal Native Infantry , "which waBnotorious for insubordination when ordered to march for Scinde some months back , has agaiB signalized itself by an open mutiny on the 20 tb and 21 st of Jane , at Shikarpore , where it was Btationed . In consequenoe of some misunderstanding from promises made by their Colonel , the saen , on being offered iheir pay on the 20 ; h , refused it , alleging that they had betn promised more . An officer reported the refusal to General Hunter , commanding there , who instantly went to tbe parade-ground , and ordered the men to take their pay , but none but the native officers would take u , and with tbe exception of two companies , the men broke off and caused confusion . The General was hooted , their commanding officer was pelted with bricks , and an officer was kicked . They then went to their

      quarters . The General sent for aid to Sukkur , and ordered the mutinous corp 3 to attend morning parade . The men assembled , and fell into rank . The General formed them into open column , and read the general order granting them certain allowances , and asked them to take their pay , which they did . This occapied two hours' time ; when the payment was ended , and they were ordered to go to their lines , they all , except three men , piled their arms , and demanded to be discharged . The General had taken his precautions , and tbe refractory regiment was subsequently disarmed and compelled to quit Shikarpore , and to march to Sukkur , which it reached on tbe 26 th of Jane . Thirty-nine of the ringleaders have been arrested . Tbe 69 th Bob gal Native Regiment took the station at Shikarpere on the 34 th . The mutineers have been ordered to march to Delhi , where it is expected they will be punished and disbanded .

      A party of forty cavalry , sent out about twelve miles from Shikarpore to protect a body of grasscatters , was attacked by some Beloochees in the pay of Shere Mahommed , in consequenoe of the neglect of the native officers commanding , who retired from the road to Bmoke with their soldiers . The grass-cutters and twelve men and obo native officer , were killed by the assailants . This had produced a stringent order from Sir Charles Napier . Rumour spoke of the conquest of Herat by the Persians , but nothing certain was known en the subject . : The Hindostan , having Sir Henry Hardinge on board , left Aden , at noon , on theiifa of July . Whilst there , hi 3 Excellency visited all the fortifications , held a levee , examined the garrison , &c . Lord Eilenborough was expected to leave Calcutta in the Ten&sserim steamer in ihe beginning of August , bat of this nothing positive was knowa .

      The news from China is to the 21 st of Juue , bat is of no importance , Sir Henry Pottinger is on his way to England . The ehip Cameo , from Liverpool to Calcutta , with a cargo valued at £ 60 , 000 , was lost off Kedgeree . The Candahar , from China , was totally wrecked near Bombay . In Bombay there was a trial going en of eighteen Parsees for a murder committed at two o'clock in the day in one ef the most public streets of the town , ob the principle of the gang murders which degrade India , Great excitement prevailed oa the subject the murdered man was one ef their owa tribe , and yet much money was expended in the hope of pre--veaiing the conviction of any of the parties .

      FOREIGN MISCELLANY . The Late Italian Imsuhgekis—Malta , August : 24 . —I did noi consider il necessary , 8 ay 9 a correspon dant of the Times , in my paper of tbe loth to announce to you the hapless termination ef nine more of the Calabrian conspirators ; because that bloody tragedy was enacted on the 25 th ult ., and had , long before the news reached me . beea circulated over all Europe . It may not , however , prove unacceptable , if 1 offer you such a short description of the victims as I havs been enabled to obtain from one of those men . whoforhis political opinions is here dragging out a wearisome existence . As I once before mentioned , the number in Malta is limited to less than ten , most of them of high family .

      The two sons of Admiral Bandeira , tbe BaronB Attilie and Emile , were both officers in the Austrian service , and with both I bad . the honoHr to be personally acquainted . The elder was a married man , a Senior Lieutenant , and recommended for promotion . He distiBgnished himself highly in the Syrian war , and was spoken of in terms of the highest approbation by the gallant Napier in hia despatches . He was about S 4 years of age . The younger brother was a bachelor , 10 year 3 younger , and was lately serving as adjutant and secretary to Admiral Paulucci , in the port of Tenice . I may be accqaitted even of partiality when I observe , that the two brothers were men of the highest conrage , possessed feelings of tbeBtrictest hoaour , and were born to add a wreath of glory to the country which gave them birth , had the spirit of chivalry ianated in them not burst out , on seeing their friends oppressed by the dastard acts ot despotism .

      Moro was a young man , on whom 20 summers had scarce dawned . He was a lieutenant on loard the Adda corvette , which vessel he abandoned iu the month ef May last . He laid claim to being descended from a high Venetian family , snd he too , as did the luiiiaas generally at the head of a party , performed prodigies of valour ob the coast of Syria CuriEg the late-Kar . Bt ; rii , another . ef the sufferers , was a man of 55 vears ef age or more ; he was an old officer under Napoleon , asd served at Waterloo .

      Narci was a * = olie ^ or , belonging to the Duchy of i'lodena . 1 H 1 £ 31 , daring the insurrection , he was in the eujoyment oi ihe post of Secret&rj to tbe bovercment . He lefi bjy country shortly afterwards , and fcmigraied to Corfu . He was 43 years of age . Lupatel-i was a m&n of daring courage . He was a vioket politician , and hid more than once suffered imprisonment fer his political opinions . On one oetKision he drugged oat beratal years of incarceration m ihe prisons ot the Holy See , on account of his political opmiuns . He w . vs eonsidered as one of the mifc'i honourable men in the i& £ aied expedition .

      Riccioui was a native oi . ^ he Roman States , and few men have passed a more eht ^ quered existence . Hetvas a Eiaa of smgular darfugi and possessed a sirtugth ot character which cau- ^ cd him to be considered almost a demi-god . He v * as 45 years of age In eariy .-nfe be sought against the flench occupation , and bad stLo been a prominent actor . ^ the troubles oi 1821 , at whicn time he was taken and confined lOjcurdbv ihe Pope . In 1832 , during the disturb-Daiices in tne Roman States , he took a prominent part aud was sentenced to oeath , but escap ^ &y his personal bravery . He laiterly passed 10 years of his life i . i Spain , where he obtained the raL'K of commandant of a baualiou io the Spanish army . He was a sun of Email s ; aiure , and married . He brated

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      numberless dangers for the purpose of entering Italy , where his wife and family lived , and with whom be passed somoof the sweetest moments of his singular existence . Bocco and Venerncci were mechanics , and possessed the esteem of their countrymen ( they were from Romagna ) on account of their strict probi'y , firm character , and marked intelligence . Thus have perished nine men , who , in deciding on the rash enterprise which has been bo fatally terminated , did bo from the desire of assisting by their millitary talent those brave fellows whose only desire was to establish a principle of freedom , or fall in the attempt . The rebellion still is unsuppressed . and armed bands traverse the country in all directions .

      The Northern Star Saturday, September 14, 1844.

      THE NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY , SEPTEMBER 14 , 1844 .

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      IRELAND .-THE "MIRACLE . " Participating as we do to the fullest extent , in the Tejoicmg that has followed the liberation of Mr-O'Conkell , aad the other Irish State prisoners , we should not have stopped to enquire as to the agency by which this tardy act of justice had been achieved * had not Mr . O'Connell himself attributed his liberation to the intervention of the Blessed Virgin , as a miracle especially wrought by her to mark that special grace and favour in which she holds the Irish people ; but when v ? e find Mr . O'Conneli . ready to strip the Virgin herself of her divine

      attribute ? , for the exaltation of political friends , and the humiliation of political foes , we find ourselvejs , if compelled te rest upon his reasoning , rather puzzled for the solution of the problem : because while Mr . O ' Connell says , early in his speech , when boasting of his triumph , " it was not man who did it , " farther on , when the fruits of the miracle were to be gathered , we find him telling his audience , that the liberation was entirely " owikg to the exclusion of the Tobies , fob a time , from power , that wb havs acquired the globt , the honour , and 1 will add the secubitt of the

      adminis-TRATION OP JUSTICE , ARISING FEOM HAVING SUCH DISTINGUISHED TKESOSAGE 8 ON THE BENCH . " These three distinguished personages , through whose agency this legal "miracle" was wroHght , happen , by an equally strange " miracle , " to be three Whig Judges , Lords Denhan , Cottenham , and Campbell : and strange to say , two of those distinguished agents were once , by as strange a " miracle , " selected as the instruments to pervert law , to trample on . justice , and deal out persecution , w hen the perversion of law and justice were " miracles' ' required to uphold the ascendancy of their political party .

      . Now , we state why we have thus dwelt upon this portion of the subject , which , per se , would be comparatively unimportant . Let us admit that divine miracles are worked out by human agency , and let as see whether or no Mr . O'Connell has selected that description of agency , vrhicb . would be most likely to satisfy the English people of its divine origin ; that people who are to be " tested , " as the means of gathering unto himself the fruits of the " miracle . " We are writing with reference to the speech made by Mr . O'Connell at the Conciliation Hall , on Monday last , a copious

      report of which will be found in our columns ; and that document being looked for , and looked to , with surpassing interest , as explanatory of Mr . O'Connell's views , and indicative of his future operations , we aro bound to consider it as a whole , and to comment on it , prospectively and retrospectively . The burthen of the speech is the rkstoba - tion of the "whjgj to poweb ; the conciliation of the Irish Orange party ; the relapsing ikto federalism ; the transferring of the responsibility of the agitation to three hundred wealthy Irish Gentlemen , with all the advantages to be

      derived from the co-operation of & more aristocratic conclave , something analogous to the House of Lords ; f Sir . O'Connbll ' s own words are : —** And we will see whether we cannot get a second managing body for the people—not a House of Lords indeed , but a body possessing more power , as representing the whole Irish people ; " ] and though last not least , the impeachment of the actors in the legal farce , by which he was unjustly deprived of his liberty . And then , to crown aK , Mr . O'Connell has pledged himself to " tept the English people" upon these several questions , on the presumption that they

      will * ' come to see the Lion . " Representing , as we do , nineteen-twentieths of that very mind to which Mr . O'Connell proposes to make his last appeal we should hold ourselves to be guilty of political in . consistency and moral turpitude , were we to lose a single moment in communicating to him what the result of such an appeal would inevitably be . True the English people will join with him in congratulations for the triumph of justice over injustice * True * they will w go to see the Lion" ; but they will tell "the Lion" that they are not goino to join

      IN RE-ENACTING THE WHIG FARCE PLATED BY JflK , O'Connell in 1835 1 They will not waste their nationality for the restoration of a party who have proved themselves hostile to their beBt interest ?; a party who have registered their vow to resist Mr . O'Connells darling project , Repeal , to the death ! a party who , on slight provocation , and without the threatening appearance of " monster meetings ; " without national organization , overleaped all the formalities of the ordinary laws , and enacted COERCION ! who substituted military power , ( against whose ultimate

      authority there was no appeal ) for those tribunals , against which the subject may successfully appeal , provided he be of strong politioal bias ! We doubt much that Mr . O'Connell could limp through England upon two more rotten crutches than the persecuting Whig Attorney General , Lord Campsell , and the Chartist oppressing Judge , the Lord Chief Justice Denman . Campbell ' s name would recal to every thinking mind that terrible reign ef terror in which he not only acted the principal part , bat was bold enough to recommend : and the two

      years imprisonments for attending peaceable meetings , measured out to the POOR , still lives green in the memory of their order . If Mr . O'Connell , then , favour us with bis promised visit , aud if he desires a trae knowledge of English feeling , fie will have it , bot not in favour or Whigs or Whigbert . If he wishes to test us on behalf of his own principle , " bepkal and no surrender , " the response of the English will give the lie to the assertion that they are " opposed to Ireland and the Repeal . "

      But , suppose that Mr . O'Connell Bhould mean this experiment as an " obstacle , " and a fresh " grievance ; " suppose he should return to Ireland and say , " I have tested the English people , and they are opposed to ns f will not some bold man bolder than bis fellows , ask him , " upon what did t / ou test ihtm 7 " And when he shall reply , " upon the restoration of the Whigs , to the end that we may have good judges on the bench , " will not some one remind him of the " sleeping ' Perrih , and of the little justice that he ( O'Connell ) received at his hands ; and of the little prospect that poor Irieb

      men would have of obtaining justice from Whig judges 1 And when the Whigs are lauded as a body , and " federalism" as the new creed , will no one dare to remind the Liberator of his oft-repeated declarations , " that the Whigs are % oorse than the Toriet , " and that" FEDERALISM MEANS COMPROMISE" 11 I Aware of the dangers of martyrdom , and conscious of the great power that suffering throws round the martyr , we cautioned Mr . O'Connkli , and pointed out the rock on which BO mauv

      conceited sufferers have been wrecked : and we atbed him to beware of the use he made of this harlequin ' s wand . When men suffer for a principle—that suffering should rivet the principle more closely to their hearts ; but if its result is to be the abatement of fervour , the abandonment of principle , the desertion of the cause for which he suffered , then has the " miracle , " by which the prsion door may hare been unbarred , and the captive set free , been wrought in commemoration , not of his triumph

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      but to mark the victory of the foe that haa crushed the prinoiple , bat liberated tbe captive . In the course of his speech , Mr . O'Connell says

      " AND HERE LET ME SAY THAT I QUITE AGHEE IN MAKING THE EXPERIMENT OF A FEDERAL PARLIAMENT . " la this , then , the fruits of the" miracle V or was its only effect to be the toleration , after victory , of language from the General that would not be tolerated in a drummer before the battle ? None have been more hearty than ourselves in ; the eause of Repeal ; nose more sincerely rejoice at the value the Irish people attach to the present triumph ; but none will more sternly resist its pollution , or its conversion to the

      restorati 6 nofWhiggery , and the crushing of RepsaL Again we say that should Mr . O'Connell try an experiment on the English mind , in favour of Repeal , that EXPEBIMENT WILL BE 8 DCCESSFUL : but should he hope to rouse the nation with the cry of Whig restoration , however followed by the loud shout of Whig rejoicing , he must confine his exhibitions within the narrow cirole of meeting-houses ; for should he try the experiment on the free English mind , in the open air , and under the canopy of the broad blue sky , he and Lord Campbell will learn that Chartism is neither dead nor dying !

      We have endeavoured to remove every obstaole that stood in Mr . O'C . ' s way . We have absolved him from many of those rash pledges , which were incompatible with success ; but we have not absolved ourselves from the pledge to stand by Ireland and Repeal ; to keep her green banner aad ansullied motto waving freshly and uncompromisedly in tbe breeze . We will never advocate " federals u . " We will never clamour for the restoration of our most bitter enemies ; nor will we ever waste our energies on no better speculation than the handing over of the Irish people to three hundred wealthy gentlemen , qualified by the payment of £ 30 , 000 to become another " managing body , " analogous to the House Of Lords , " BUT POSSESSING MORE POWER . "

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      vice of its own constitution , —restricted suffrage ; and also the moral certainty that all its sohemes of Reform have been thwarted and run down by the aristocratio and clerical orders , aided no doubt sometimes by the opposition of the Bourgeois , who are never on the | side of the people except when intending to delude and use them ; however inadequate to the full representation and protection of the mass of the people this system of government might be , still it will be seen that the people have all along been recognized as an integral portion Of the body politic , whioh has not been the case for centuries in this country . Pretty fellows we are to boast ourselves : " free-born Englishmen" ! Nice subjects for the declamatory nonsense of the

      poet" I see the lords of nations pass me by ; Pride in their port , defiance in their eye . '' We had good reason to swagger and boast about our " glorious institutions in Church and State , " sing

      " Britons never shall be slaves , *' and set ourselves up as patterns for nations aspiring to be free , when it appears that after all we were infinitely less free than the Swedes , of whom we knew and oared , to know nothing . The people ia Sweden were at least recognised by the constitution , but not so in this country . Here we have no Peasant os People ' s Chimbeb . On the contrary the branch of the Legislature absurdly and insultingly called the Commons House , is , as our readers well know , no representation of the " common" people

      Before the passing of the " Reform Bill , " it was the representative—the mere second chamber of the oligarchy , Now , it is the representative of the shopocracy ; but no more represents the people than it did before the passing of that bill . Thus it appears the Swedes have been ever in advance of us , and as we Bhall presently show are in their new movement greatly in advance of as at the present time . We have been talking about the People ' s Charter for the lastBix years . They have been workinc ; and their Charter is now all but within their grasp {

      As long as the " Order of the Peasants" yielded an habitual deference to that of the nobles , this constitution of the four chambers oontinued to act ; but the progress of democratic opinions , and the in finence of the Press ( there , to a considerable extent rightly directed ) , has overthrown the balance of this clumsy machine ; the Reform of whioh is now the subject of fierce debate and zoalous , but so far bloodless , excitement throughout the length and breadth of Sweden . i

      The Radieal party in the Chambers of the Burgesses and Peasants is now in the ascendant ; haying obtained a large ; majority in the last two elections . Their " Reform ! Bill , " or M Charter , " proposes changes in the constitution which would in a great measure assimilate it to that of Norway . It substitutes for the four orders of the present constitution , one sole legislative assembly . This body would consist of 250 members , and it would choose out of its own ranks another body , to consist of seventy-five members , one third of whom would go out of office evej-y three years . This Senate , or by

      whatever other name it migkt be called , is invested with no authority ; since , in case of a difference of opinion with the : more numerous assembly , the two chambers are to vote together . The presidents of these two chambers are to be elected by each assembly respectively and changed every month , without being re-eligible . The general franchise which this bill would extend to the nation , amounts pretty nearly to Universal Suffrage ; for , in addition to a vast class of twenty-shilling freeholders , it admits a variety of qualifications , calculated te include , the

      great body of the people . The Tory Morning Post significantly remarks : "The right to vote which this bill establishes , is the possession of a property of ten rix dollars ( fifteen shillings I ) to wit , a propert ]/ as large as the table I This qualification gives to Sweden ( an ancient monarohy ) the Universal Suffrage of the United States . " The proposed reform also includes the Ballot . The law goes still further ; no person filling an office of trust or power in the State—that is , no general or staff-officer , admiral , lord-lieutenant , or even minister , can sit in the legislative assembly .

      As we have above intimated , the Tory pres 9 is exceedingly wroth and vituperative at the prospect of these important changes . As a specimen we give the following from the Morning Post : — " In the United States a person may at least choose hia deputy Where he wishes , even amongst the committees of the states . This the Swedish law prohibits . It excludes ( together with criminals ) everybody employed in fractions which the orown can dispose—military men as well as civilians . Aocording to this law , the common soldier who possesses a small piece of ground ( and there are thousands in Sweden who may be included in this class )

      can be elected by deputy ; but no one else , from the Colonel to the general , although he may be the greatest proprietor in the province . The sailor may be elected , but not the Admiral ; the clerk of an office , but not the First Secretary ; the gaoler of a prison , but not the Governor of a Province ; the porter of the King ' s palace , bat not the Lords of his Court , even if they be the greatest proprietors in Sweden . The law excludes the King ' s ministers and the members of the Government ; so that the Legislative House will represent the sad pioture of a dismantled vessel , without a rudder or pilot . Never has English Chartism given birth to anything bo absurd and so exaggerated . "

      When the Post says English Chartism has- never given birth to anything " so absurd aud exaggerated , " oar readers may take it for granted' that English Chartism has never yet produced anything so good . We by no means wish by this remark to undervalue the ( English Charter : on the contrary take it for all in ^ all , we approve of it even in preference to the Swedish Reform Bill : for though it fails to embrace several provisions enumerated above , it haa the advantage of greater simplicity , and that most important provision , the strict and absolute universality of the Suffroge with no qualification

      save that of three months' residence . The English Charter gives to the people the absolute power to say who shall represent themj and through such me * dium , the power ito abolish or create such institutions , and repeal or enact such laws , as the majority shall deem fit and proper . It is the key to unlock ; the axe to cut down !; the lever to move . In short , it is a fully efficient means to any end the public necessities may need , and the public voice demand . At the same time it must be admitted that the Swedish Reform Bill embraces , at once , measures some of whioh would necessarily have to be adopted after our

      Charter became law . What more just than that pensioners , placemen , and the members and tools of the Executive , should be excluded from the Legislative assembly ? \ In our House of Commons (?) there are seldom less than fifty persons , members of the Government , in the highest or humbler offices ; besides a horde of naval and military officers , and pensioners , whose very existence depends on the upholding of the existing system , by which some £ 50 , 000 . 000 are wrung from the people in the shape of taxation every year . Add to these a crowd of Lord ' s son 9 , brothers , nephews , and other relatives

      and a gang of place-expectants and hangers-on , who will either , as a inatter of course , vote with the ruling class and ) against the people , or whose -votes are to be influenced by the very presence of the Minister ; take ! all these into account , and it will be seen how little entitled to the aame of a " House of CoinaionB" is the second branch of the English Legislature ! Two remarkable instances have occurred within the last Session , showing the necessity of that portion of the Swedish Reform Bill which excludes the King's Ministers from the Legislative assembly . We allude to the debates

      on the Factory , question , and the Sugar - Duties ' Bill ; when our precious House of Commons twice licked the dust from the feet of the Minister , and twice stultified [ itself by rescinding its solemn decisions ! That could not happen under the Swedish Reform Bill . If we remember right the Morning / \ st was most { bitter in its denunciations against the Government that ordered , and the House that base . V submitted to these infamous proceedings ; yet nt / w , when the remedy for so fatal a systemfatal t . *> the representative principle itself—ia offered , t »> e Pott mouths " ab nt a vessel without

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      a pilot" ! Doe 3 not the Post think that it would have been quite as well if John Bull ' s " vessel" had been without " pilof' -PEBi , when the motions ef Lord Ashlet and Mr . Miles were rescinded by the vote of the whipped spaniels" of our precious House of Commons ! We can assure the Post that if English Chartism has never yet given birth to anything so " absurd and exaggerated ' * as this portion of the Swedish Reform Bill , the People ' s Charter would not be long the law of the land without a similar provisiou being made ; otherwise its utility would be but of little value .

      But what is the Post about , in raising this objection ! He protases to be an ardent admirer of our glorious Constitution" as it was ; i . c , before it was mended by Reform Bills , or the " innovating spirit of the age . " That Constitution expressly prohibits placemen or pensioners from sitting in the Lower House ! Even now , the acceptor of office under Government has to resign : and cannot sit in the

      Commons until re-elected—suoh re-election being an innovation on an express provision of the Bill of Rights ! So that English Chartism , when in power , will not have to introduce a new principle to accomplish this most , wise and necessary exclusion ; it will only have to revive into -vitality an excellent principle of that very " glorious Constitution" which the Post affects to hold in such high honour 1 The Post further says : —

      " The law is copied from that of France , produced in 1791 , by Danton , Marat , Robespierre , and other Liberals of their truculent school . We can conceive that a meeting of peasants in a legislative house , without more knowledge than what they had gathered from the pages of a licentious and ignorant press , might vote for this motion—we can imagine that the deputies of little Swedish towns , of whioh

      the sources of information are only those which we have just cited , might vote for the same ; but we cannot conceive that men of education , as the clergy and nobility are supposed to be , should fall into a delusion so extraordinary , and should not have learned , by the examples that history has afforded them , to what moral convulsions and physical sufferings such ultra-democratic institutions , without any counterpoise whatever , must lead the nation . "

      Now , in the above we have a specimen of the "intelligence" of our " best possible instructors . * No popular change can be proposed , no measure suggested for an increase of the liberties or the promotion of the freedom of the people of this or any other country , than forthwith these gentlemen of the " fourth estate" immediately raise the howl " French Revolution , " " Reign of Terror , " " Marat Robkspiebre , " &c . This Duke Jenkins of the Post says , the Swoedish Reform Bill is copied from the French constitution of 1791 , produced by Danton , Makat , Robespierre , &o . Now in 1791 ,

      Robespierre , though a member of the Constituent Assembly , was utterly devoid of power or influence ; Marat was Bimply a journatist ; and Dakton was unknown beyond the sphere of the popular clubs Bat it is very evident this writer knows nothing of the subject on which he is writing . He means not the constitution of 1791 , but that of 1793 ; but he confounds dates and constitutions because he knows nothing whatever of the matter on whioh he presumes to teach . Yet this ia the scribbler who has the astounding impudence to charge the Swedish Press with being ignorant (!)

      and licentious . As to the evidence which history affords of the " moral convulsions and physical sufferings produced by ultra-democratic institutions , " we beg to tell the Post that history is a liar History is one mass of . fraud and falsehood from nearly beginning to end : the reason being , that history has ever been written by such soulless slaves as Duke Jenkins of the Post ; fellows who have pawned their soul ' s honour for a mess of pottage , and wrote down democratic institutions , simply because they have lived upon the lumps flung them from the tables of kings and aristocrats . We are

      ready at any moment to prove that every drop of blood shed in the ' French Revolution was attributable , not to ultra democratic institutions , but to the fiendish rule of priests and aristocrats whioh preceeded the Revolution , and which rule had brutalized the people ; and to the efforts made by them , and subsequently by the treacherous Bhopocracy , to stay the march of democracy , and prevent the establishment of democratic institutions . In Sweden the people are endeavouring to establish a righteous constitution by peaceable means ; and it is the object of the Swedish Reformers to attain their ends by moral means only . But , should the aristocracy continue to oppose the wishes tf the

      majority ; should the aristocracy and priesthood , be so blind to their ewn real interests as to act upon the advice given them by the Tory Journalists ot this country ; should they attempt by force , corruption , and intrigue , to crush the movement of an enlightened and uprising people , —who will say that the struggle may continue a bloodless one t And if blood should flow , will it be "de " mocratic institutions , " or the people seeking those institutions , that will be to blame ! Will it noi rather be the privileged orders , who , opposing th » claims of equal justice , provoke a conflict whioh bat for their selfishness would never have been , and who in the eyes of mankind wiU consequently be held responsible for results which but for them would never have occurred t

      We had intended to have offered some observations in reply to an article io the Times , but &TQ compelled to postpone these for the present to make way for the following important intelligence just received from Sweden : — Stockholm , Adg . 21 ) . —The question of changing thelsW of Parliamentary representation is decided in the negative . The Diet of Nobles discussed yesterday this highly important matter from nine o ' clock ia the morning till seven o ' clock p . m ., and the result was the rejection of the project by a majority of 450

      against 82 . In the Diet of the Clergy the debatea continue to-day , bnt it is expected that the project will be thrown out nearly unanimously , Ti » Diet of the Citizens has adopted the project by a majority of forty-seven against nine , and also the Diet of Peasants passed it by a majority of eighty-nine agaiust fourteen , but as the consent of the four Diets is requisite for making a . law of the empire of any project discussed , the present attempt of changing one of the fundamental laws of the country is therofore frustrated .

      So it seems tbeir " High Mightinesses , " the nobles , have " thrown out the Bill" 1 New , we expect we shall hear again , though not in this country , the cry of " the Bill , the whole Bill , and nothing bui the Bill" ! Fortunately , the Bill of Sweden is a Bill worth raising such a cry for . The Nobles have rejected the " Reform : " the Clergy are also expected to reject it . Ha ! ha ! very good . The Lords of England rejected the Reform Bill!—the Bishop 3 aided them ! and what then ! Let history—liar as she usually is—answer ! Let our readers mark that

      the Chambers of the Burgesses and Peasants hava passed the Bill by tremendous majorities . Can they doubt the issue ? Ah ! but the Nobles and Clergy oppose the Bill j and , says the correspondent of the Times , " the consent of the four Diets is requisite to make any project law ; therefore the attempt to chauga one of the fundamental laws is frustrated . " YeSf frustrated for the present . But can the movement stay here ! Caa the nobles and olergy success * fully bid the ocean-waves of public opinion roll back ? No ; the struggle is but beginning . Tlw Burgess and Peasant representatives will fall back

      upon their respective orders : — " Then comes ' the tug of war '; 't will comb again I rather doubt ; aad I would say fle onV If I had not perceived that revolution Alone can nave the earth from bell ' s pollution . " We shall watch this struggle with feelings of no ordinary interest , and shall again recur to * & « subject in a week or two . Ia the tm-anfcima we trust the present movement in S . veeden will not be lost

      on the people of this country ; but that they will Hat about following the example sot them heart and soul . Our Scandinavian brethren have unfurled the banner of democracy . Their fl * g of " No Surrender '' is nailed to the mast . From what we know ofthff Swedish character , we feel certaifl cbafc oneeeamgsi in any struggle , more particularly one for national freedom , ihat struggle will never be relinquished until brought to a succ ssfal termination . Sayj Englishiaeu , shall they win ( heir charter and y « f

      Tfaxtiga 3sttt*Nts*N«.

      tfaxtiga 3 Sttt * nts * n « .

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      CHARTISM IN SWEDEN . THE COMING REVOLUTION . It has been our ungrateful task on several occasions of late to epeak of the " fourth estato "—the Press , in terms no way flattering . We have been led to this by contemplating the immense injury done to sooiety by the misuse and abuse of a power whioh , if rightly used , might be made the lever to move the world—to raise the human race from the depths of ignorance , barbarism , and misery , to the heights of knowledge , civilization , and

      happiness . This great change—this mighty revolution—might be generally and comparatively speedily effected , if the Press was employed in its legitimate labour of seeking out and proclaiming the truth , instead of as now , —with but rare exceptions , —being used for the propagation of falsehood and the support of fraud . That the Press is so employed our readers will need no other proof than the reminding them of the recent struggle in Northumberland and Durham . Had the Press been honestly conducted , the Miners

      would have obtained their just demands almost as soon as asked for . Bnt the " bought-and-sold " wretches who assume the place of public instructors and leaders of public opinion , regardlesss of justice truth or humanity , used their assassin-pens , one and all , to blacken , run down , and crush the thousands ; because the units are the men who monopolise the fruits of industry , and have therefore the means of buying up the Swiss support of those moral assassins who write not as they believe , not ae they think , not as they know , but as they are paid for their infamous and damnable services .

      Nor is tt at home only that the reign of usurpation , privilege , and injustice is prolonged by the efforts of the base Press ; These unprincipled writers are the prime mischief-makers between nations , and the champions of despotism and opponents of freedom in other countries besides our own . Thus , within the last few weeks , has the nnprincipled Press of the two countries nearly succeeded in plunging England and France into a bloody , ruinous , and most absurd war . The Press , with some honourable exceptions , does its best

      to keep the people of different nations ignorant of each other ' s good qualities , and of tbe efforts eaeh may be making for self advancement and the general amelioration of the condition of the people . Thus , we have been assured by foreigners that , on the continent , but little indeed is known of Chartism and the Chartist movement , owing to the silence or falsehood of the aristooratio Press of France , Germany , &o . It is the same in America , where until recently the ProsB of the United States made English Chartism a theme for Beofung and

      denunciation . The same part is played by the Press of this country , with respect to all foreign movements intended for the benefit of the mass of mankind . The Agrarian League movement in the United States feae beeen duly chronicled in this paper ; but in no other in the kingdom that we know of . That movement is well known to the conductors of the great Whig and Tory organs ; but not a word do they utter respecting it . Their policy is first to burke every popular movement by their silence . If that fails , they then try denunciation and calumny .

      They are now trying to burk tbe American movement . They will occupy column upon column with party contests , Presidential struggles , the interminable Oregon and Texas questions , and all the horrors from Lynch law to eteam-boafc explosions that they can collect throughout the Republic ; but not a word do they give of the doings of the Agrarian League—a movement intended for the happiness of millions and the establishment of the veritable freedom of a great nation . Such a movement is never mentioned .

      But let the burking system fail ; let the National Reform party once become powerful , and the burkers will at once set about villifying and calumniating in order to stay tbe march of tbe Reformers , and deprive them of all sympathy and oo-operation from this side of the Atlantic The National Reformers will be denounced as " levellers , " " anarchists , " " terrorists / ' and " spoliators . " In short every term of opprobrium in the VOCabulary of theee hireling writers will be heaped upon them , for the two-fold purpose of impeding their progress , and preventing the masses of this country following their example t \ iu 4

      . v « - * s **^ JUCIU VACbUipiV . This has been exactly the game played with respect to ihe movement now ia full progress in Sweden . Probably but very few of our readers , though they may be in the habit of looking into many other papers , are aware of the fact , that THERE IS A CHARTIST MOVEMENT AT THE PRESENT TIME GOING ON IN SWEDEN ! Yet SO it is ! Their ignorance of the fact no doubt arises from

      this—that , until very recently , the daily press , the great medium of communication with foreign countries , has studiously suppressed all mention of this movement , untfl at length it has become so powerful as to force attention . Now , therefore , the aristocratio Press speaks out , and does its utmost to retard the triumph of the Swedes , and prevent the real principles of their movement becoming known in this country .

      In all the changes which iiave occurred in the Swedish constitution since the reign of Gdstavus Vasa , the four orders of the Nobility , the Clergy , the Burgesses , and the Peasants , have maintained their separate existence as independent members of the legislature . The aristocratic chamber consists of the heads of the noble families ; the spiritual body , of the Archbishop of Upsal , twelve bisiVps-, fifty deputies of the clergy , and tour from the univ

      er-I siiiea of the kingdom ; ihe Commons are represente d by sixty-six deputies from the oiues , and six from the mining districts j and , lastly , the Order of the Peasants forms a chamber of about 120 freeholders of that rank and degree . Each of these bodies may 'originate legislative measures , or put its veto on measures which the other orders have passed . Thus it will be seen , however impotent for good the Peasant chamber may be , owing to the inherent

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      k THE NORTHERN STAR ; September 14 , 1844 .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 14, 1844, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1280/page/4/