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Northern Star (1837-1852), 1st June 1844, Edition 1 of 1, Page 7, Untitled Article

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    • IHE .NOftTHEftN STAR. SATURDAY, JUNE 1, 1844.
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      Untitled Article

      THE LAND 1 THE LAKD ! THE LAND ! G 10 HI 0 U 3 MOTBMENT IN THE UNITED STATES—MARCH OF AGRAK 1 ANIS 2 . JtEEZlSGS Oy THE V&TIQSjlL KKFOB . M ASSOCIATION . { From the Nets Tori " Workinp Man ' s Advocate , *' April 20 , 1 S 44 . J At & meeting of the National Reform Association at Croton Hall , April 12 . Egbert S . Maiming was chosen chairman , and J . Windt , Secretary of the Central Committee , acted as secretary . The pledge " » a » read ana signed . The minutes of the last meeting were read » nd approved . Mr . Commerford iras then called upon , and addressed the meeting . After Mr . Commerford finished hia remarkB , a collection was taken- Mt Dstjt then , in compliance vrith a resolution of a previous pnbUc meeting , offered a Declaration of Objects , in the following Trords :

      DECLARATION 01 THB 5 AT 105 A . L BEFORK ASSOCIATION . It is Ihe general usage of individuals or associated Ijodies , "when they find it necessary to come before the public , to simply state ¦ what their business or their objects are ; -without stating , also , what they are not . Thus , if a man advertises that he makes and sells boots , it is not deemed necessary that he should proceed to inform the pablic that he does not make or aell hats . This is a convenient and a common sense way of doing busimess ; but it would seem that the National Beform Association is to be excluded from its benefits . We have , in documents already pnblisbed , explicitly stated the objects contemplated by onr movement Those objects , -we repeat them again , are , 1 st—To pat an end to speculation in and monopoly of the Public Land * . Sndly—To secure a farm on those lands , of reasonable e !* 3 , to every actual settler , free of cost .

      We do not want an actual division , or any division at all , cf private property—either of land property , or property created by human hands . We desire not to interfere , pro or ton , -with the present arrangements of Society , farther than that they may be regulated by the right of every TT »? m in *>»« Republic to become a freeholder on the Pablic I « nd& We trust this declaration will be sufficient to set right gsy misunderstanding that may have gone abroad , inspecting our object * and principles . The above having been read , was adopted by the meering , JUr . X > . continued his remarks , in the course of which he read an extract from a letter of the secretary of the Anti-Rent Association of Rensselaei county , speaking of the state of the contest in the iegislature and elsewhere between the tenantry of the feudal manor of Renssetatrwiek and its lord .

      When Mi . Itevyr sat down , the chairman addressed the meeting in earnest and forcible language , urging them to cultivate and rely on their own energies . Resolved , " That the Association meet next at Dunn ' s Sixth Ward Hotel , and that Messrs . Gardner and Witter be a committee to procure the room . "Adjourned . E . & Maxsis g , Chairman . Joh > - Wisdx , Secretary . Another meeting of the National Reform Association

      sras heia at Croton HaU , on Thursday evening , of which the above ii tha cfEsia ] account . The greatest enthusiasm , and most thorough determination to carry on the ncble work , w&a evinced at this meeting ; and it was decided , among other means , to commence a series of meetings in the different wards , preparatory to a great mass meeting in the Park . The gratifying news-was received , on this occasion , that the people of Williamsburgh were about to move in this matter , and also . that the people of Rsnsselaer and Albany counties would be with us in the movement

      The meeting was addressed by Messrs . Commerford , Dsvyr , Hamring , ( chairman ) , and britJIy by -other speakers , and it wa * cheering to contrast tht native elrqaenee , warm from the heart , the expansive benevolence , and the genuine patriotism of th * s » speeches , with the frothy declamation , the illiberality , and the narrow-mindedness of certain ipoila-hunting orators list might have been heard at recent political gatherings . Mr . Commerford , in the course of hia remarks , said be had conversed , dozing the day , with a prominent politician , supposed to be friendly to the working men's cause , who expressed his decided approval of the movement , and said be would be with us * ' at a proper time . " TMb " proper time ™ probably would bo when we were strong . This , said Mr . C , would be tile course of the prominent politicians , and therefore the working men most depend on themselves . He alluded to the

      recommendations of President Jackson , tbat the Public lands should be made accessible to the poor , and said be had , in a manner , invited the people to act is this matter . We should probably , he said , receive letters from | the ex-President and from other prominent men favourable to the movement He alluded to the degraded and oppressed condition of the operatives in our factories , and the coercions practised to deprive th-. m of thtir light of suffrage . He spoke of Aid-TOyou ' s report of the misery and degradation of a numerous class of females in this city , and atked if this was a condition of things in which American mothers should be placed . The Belgians and the Dutch hid found advantage in locating the poor on the land ; why , therefore , should not we give the poor their right to earn their own living on the soil , instead of fore ng them into poor houses or prisons ? It was an ancient mxximof the Persians that it was better to prevent ffimn to punish crime .

      In visiting Aubarn prison , while a delegate from the mechanics of this city , Mr . C bad had pointed out to him the celebrated forger Hathbun , as a xdsd ¦ worthy of pnblic sympathy . His sympathy was with those convicts who had not received the advantages of education and the means of profitable employment . There is a vast amount of misery and destitution in this city , of which the public are not aware , for it is yet a bait in the character of the American poor to conceal the evidences of the ** increasing dependence . Tht debasement of a people is a slow and gradual work . Where was to be lound sn American , who would go about the streets drilling a monkey for a living , as would an Italian of the present day ? What would Cicero have said had he seen one of his countrymen so e&gagedf

      It was customary with . political orators , " speaking to Buncombe , ** to prats loudly of the intelligence of the people . They were not intelligent , or they would have turned their attention to this question twenty-five years ago . Many foreign working men who came to this country , nnderstooi political economy better than the -working classes Cere , and the reason was plain ; th ? y wag driven by oppression to an Investigation ol their ^ rights . The necessity was fast coming upon as here , and this necessity would mike us intelligent on these subjects .

      Mr . C . spoke of the American Bepublicass . These patriots , he said , would persecute and proscribe a poor foreigner who came among us in the vigour of manhood with his strength and skill , at the same time that they would sell the public lands , the birthright of the people , and put the proceeds , without equivalent , in the pockets of British fundmongers . Their sole aim is the spoils of offiee . The object of the true American party was to adopt ft system that would secure the blessings of freedom to every man of trery nation that might seek here a refuge from oppression , to the remotest posterity . Was it not a stigma upon us , that

      wita a territory capable of subsisting eight hundred millions of people , our arrangements were so unwise that the irfiax of a few foreigners could give rise to a T » rty bo short sighted and so prescriptive ? Make the pablic lands free , and every foreigner that would go and cultivate them would be strength to this esuntry and weakness to the country he had left , It was not the foreigner who might become a trn *** of the soil we should firead , but the foreign capitalist , who while residing in a foreign eouniry , could by speculating in our lands , take millions from our country without adding the proceeds of a day ' s labour to its wealth .

      We shall soon , continued Mr . C , have a ^ great meeting in the Park , and then the venal press will call ns Agrarians , Gracchi , and many other hard names Every man who takes a prominent part among us will be abused and vilified ; but our triumph was sure , tbough our task was a hard one . There is a lack of hnelligenea now , but it was not difficult to disseminate intelligence on this xabject One evidence of the want of intelligence among methsaics , was the delusion that many of them had been led iBto by the project for employing state prison convicts in mining , thereby throwing the burden of competition on the poor minor * . It was an admirable saying of a Grtcian sage , thai that goTemment was the best where an injury done to the meanest individual was considered an injury to the whole .

      Oas evil was that , instead of sending farmers and mechanics to onr legislative halls , we would Bend young lawyers , who would go thereto practice at three dollars a-day , and then go back to their constituents to get a living , by expounding laws that they had assisted to make . He spoke of the Code Napoleon , under which , in all Tiance , he said there were but 400 lawyers , while hi -New York alone there were 14001 It was the opinion o ! Mr . Calhonn that there were far i * o many lawyers in our National Legislature , and that it would be far better to supply their place by farmers and mechanics , as was She case just after the revolution .

      The increasing power of capital over labour , nnder onr pressat system of land monopoly , was evidenced ky the failure of the Trades Union a Itw yean ago . They prospered briefly during the Bank inflation , but tht explosion left them powerless . HtC . gave * history of the means hy which a large Bomber of German cabinet makers in 1835 were indeed to come to this country , by « ome miserly em-Ptoyerg of that period , throwing out of employ the Jwcneymen then engaged in the bBsmes * and forcing tksa into business for themselves , thereby causing a ^ ssctUn against those avaricious employers . Mr . C 2 ianot bisme tha Germans ? it was Native American ^ ployers who did the business , and one of these men ¦» M n ow a prominent member in the ^ Native American Party i if the lands were made free , « o that every man ^ ociose might become ft landholder , every Influx of ~* % i labour would 1 » » benefit , but tl » reverse is *« « a » now .

      Washington , Jefferson , and their compatriot * tad P » fed Bjb way for this movement , and if 10 , 008 of us *® e sacrificed in the cause , it would be a most holy **** , and the victory would be cheaply purchased . ¦*•«¦ &r one , wasiesdyfor ike sacrifice if necessary j

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      and he trusted that all who were of the same opinion woald go round among the workshops and instil their principles into their fellow mechanics , so as to prepare them for the great meeting in the Park , which would give an impulse to the movement that was destined to give permanent happiness to the people and ensure this Republic endurance / or ever . Mr . Devyr , in allusion to the paucity of numbers present in consequence of the election excitement , said the fewer the number the more would be the hononr . We most battle it out manfully , as did our fathers of the Revolution , under far more adverse circumstances . We must have meetings in every ward of this city , in Brooklyn , Williamsburgh , Jersey City , and Newark . There was vitality in t-hfa principle . A ball was in motion which , as an avalanche , would carry Congress along with it , or sweep corruption out of its walls .

      Mr . D . read sn interesting letter from the Secretary of the Anti-Rent Society of the Helderbergers , showing that they are ready to co-operate is this movement Mr . Manning made an energetic and common sense speech , in which he urged upon his brother mechanics the importance of depending on their own energies to carry oo this movement , and cautioned them not to be led away from the main object by the flowery orators who trould come among us as soon as we should evince onr growing strength . Our orators mnst sign the PUdge , and papers , to entitle them to the confidence of the working men , must place it at the head of their columns . We have a galixy of talent and native eloquence in our own ranks , if they will come forward . We need not depend on hackneyed politicians .

      I Another meeting was holden in New York , on the 17 th of April , and one at Williamsburgk , on the lith . Reports of both meetings shall be given in our next . — Ed . N . & ]

      NEW YORK ELECTIONS-THE NAT 1 TE AMERICANS . We cannot say , with truth , that we are surprised or disappointed at the result of the recent election in this city . Although opposed to the prominent principles of the successful party , we believe there were crying evils tolerated , and gross corruption practlied by both the old parties in turn , and an not sorry that both were defeated , although we do not like the means . It must not be supposed that all who voted the Native American ticket approved of their prescriptive principles . ThonsaadB , no denbt , voted the ticket because they were in favour of rtform , and saw no better way to bring it about Had the National Eoform Association been organtead a few months sooner , they would have bwn able to digest a plan of reform tbat would have been acceptable to all honest men , and the result would have been far different .

      The true course of all sincere reformer * is now plain . Labour in our city is depressed aud degraded . The sufferers want to meet together to discuss the causes of this ; and to 2 nd out the remedy . Therefore , bebg poor , they want publio halls to meet In . They want , also , representatives from among themselves to the Common Council ; therefore , they require the members should be paid for their Berries , so that a poor man could afford to be a member . They believe that if these reforms could be effected , men might be elected to the Common Conneil who would accompli *!) all the economical changes in the management of our city affurs , that are new bo obviously necessary . Let all , therefore , who are really in favour of reform , flock to the standard of the National Reform Association , and be prepared to do , another year , what the party now in power may leave undone .

      We anticipate little or nothing in the way of reform from the party now in the ascendancy ; and we have predicted is the event of their success , a ipeedy dissolution of the party . And , indeed , the organ of the darty appears to have an eye to the same result , for it gives us , without cemment , the following scrap of History . —A few years ago a native American party was got up in New Orleans , and carried the city by a very large majority . The " spoils" were divided , ana the party governed the city through a year . The next year it tried again , and received thesum total of twenty-» ix votes . —Citizen of Thursday .

      " The only chance by which this party may escape the fate of the New Orleans " natives" is honestly to do what they have promised ; and if they do this , we shall be among the first to fire them credit for it ; but we fear that the satisfactory division of the " spoils , " among the heterogenous mass that compose the party , will be a work that will occupy too much of their time to allow them to pay much attention to the minor matters of municipal reform . We shall closely watch the movements of the new party . In the msan time , we repeat that the only sure reliance of those who honestly desire improvement , is the National Reform Association . —New York Working Man ' i Advocate .

      FACTORY SYSTEM—UNITED STATES . After the 20 th of March , the operatives in our fac-Uries are not obliged to work after sundown . Still , however , they may be confined twelve hours per day at labour and to their meals , so that only a short evening is left them for leisure and recreation . The advocates of while slavery an in the habit of mentioning the fact we first stated , with a great deal of silf-complacency ; as if the poor operatives had received sn infinite obligation from their employers by being released from their toils a few half-hours in the evening 3 Again ,

      it is stated that most of them work by the job , and are , therefore , at liberty to work as mueb or as little as they please . This is partly a mistake . Though many of them are paid in proportion to the work they perform , they are by no means allowed to do as little as they please . They must be always at work while the mills are going , or some of the water would be wasted 1 The waste of human health and strength is nothing ; but it would be a pity for any portion of the Merrim&c river to go down to the sea , without affording interest to its timers znd employers . '

      The advocates cf white slavery contend further , that not only no such state of things exists in our factory systemjos that in the English factory system , but there is no tendency to any such state . They contend tbat there is a tendency to Improvement in the condition of the operatives , rather than the teveise . Perhaps there may be ^—bnt not in the system itself . Every body knows that capitalists and their agents are constantly taking advantage of " hard times" to depress the wages of their operatives , and that after they are once reduced , they" never afterwards raise them , in " good times "that is , in times when there exists a great demand for all kinds of merchandise in the market . Then , again , if there is a " strike , '' all who are found taking a part in it axe punished , bj dismissal from

      emplojnftnt , and proscription ! like Cain , they h * T » a mark set upon them—bo that no other Corporation shall employ them . Here , then , you see a combination existing among the capitalists and agents of the different Companies , against the operatives , to punish all combinations on the part of the latter . What tendency can there be in such a ijstem fo » the improvement of the condition of the operative * ? None at alL All the improvement of their condition must come from without—from that portion of the community who sympathise with their misfortunes , and who do not calculate to make any money out of the same . And not until the late movement of the B-amstresses and journeymen tailors in this city , was there ever shown much sympathy on the pan of the community without—Boston Jweiliffalor . j-j j-j-j-lj-J jj ^^^^ JM jir . ¦ - . r f

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      CARPENTERS OF LONDON . The above b » dy celebrated their twenty second anniversary at that famous suburban retreat , Highbury Bam , on Whit-Monday , May 27 th , by a publio dinner and balL The festivities took place in the large hall in the gardens , The tables literally groaned under the weight of the gathered delicacies of the season . The dinner was announced to be on the table at half-past two o ' clock . Jnst as the clock struck three , T . 8 . Duncombe , Esq ., M . P ., accompanied by Feargns O'Gonnor , Etq-, and attended by the Committee , entered the halL The band stationed in the gallery struck up— " See the Conquering H « ro comes , —and the hall was simultaneously a picture of animated life , the ladie * vieing with the gentlemen in their gratulations « f welcome .

      Mr . Duncombe having been duly installed in the chair , the viands were discussed with a keen appetite , and the tables speedily lightened of their burdens . The cloth having been lemoved and silence proclaimed by the toastrroaster , Mr . Thompson , The C . HAJRHAH roBe and said , —Indies and gentlemen , in rising to call upon those gentlemen whose names I hold in my hand , I should not do justice to my own feelings did I not take the earliest opportunity of expressing my thanks for the high compliment you hive paid me , in calling on me to preside over so large and ao respectable a meeting . I consider it one of the signs of the present age , that labour is beginning to understand its own value ; being , as it is , the source of all wealth . In vain would the aristocracy boast of

      its possessions , was it net for the producing power of that order , a portion of whom I have now the henour to address ^—( cheers ) . I know there ib Bcarce a trade but is now organising for the protection of their rights . From lite proceedings , yon must be fully aware it is in vain to look to the House of Commons for remedial measures . ' Look at its conduct on the Factory BflL ETery humane man looks on ten hours labour a day us ample ; yet , although the House had thrice affirmed tbat principle , at the beck of the Ministry they stultified themselves , and passed the twelve hours' dause^—( shame , shame ) . If the Charter were law , no ministry would possess such power—( hear , hear ) , —and sure I am prosperity will never prevail until the working classes are placed on an equal political footing with the aristocracy and nobility / having a voice in making those laws they are

      called on to obey—( loud cheers ) . I should like to know how many in this numerous and respectable assembly possess the elective franchise ; and if it would not be deemed a piece « f imimpertinence on my part , I certainly would test it—( cries of " Take a show of hands" ) . Well , then , you who have a vote for members of Parliament hold up your hands . ( Twenty-three hands were uplifted ) . Only twenty-three hands out of 500 ! yet yon are all possessed of intelligence ; have all an eiual right—{ cheers ) Why Harwich , with its 160 electors steeped in corruption , returns two members to Parliament —{ hear , hear ); and here are some 475 highly intelligent and respectable mechanics without the vote— ( cheers ) . Conld this state of things continue ? ( No , no . ) Trade is at present good , therefore now is the time to exert yourselves to obtain the vote . I will sot anticipate the toast , but

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      call on Mr . Blewitt to propose the first towt— ( load cheers ) . Mr . Blew itt , on his rising , was heartily greeted . Mr . Chairman and fellow workmen , I should not have arisen on the present occasion bad I not felt assured you were the working man ' s friend . Yob have not lived long enough yet , nor 1 hope ever will , to abjure your principles . He was one of those who give his nnbought suffrage when their Chairman stood forward < to represent FinBbury . To you , Sir , we owe the opportunity of being able to meet here with our wives and families . Had it not been for ousting the oppressive hideous Master and Servants' Bill , « e Bhould have been deprived of this annual holiday—( cheer *) . However , my toast Ib

      not a political one , and I am somewhat travelling out of the record . The toast I have the honour to propose , is as follows : —" The Honourable Society of drpenters , may they increase in numbers and utility until every man shall obtain a fair ( lay's wages for a fair day's work . " Yon » ee , Sir , honour does not alone appertain to your House , " we are " all honourable men "—( 1 * ughter ) . Although , I do not know if we should blow any man ' s braids out who ventured to affirm that we were not honourable—( loud laughter ) . O yes you know we are all honourable men— " Brutus was au honourable man "—( laughter ) . One word more and I have done . Let us show on the present occasion , the Member , and his friend the ex-Member , that Labour's sons kiow how to conduct themselves . Mr . B . resume * his s « at —( much Rpplatue ) .

      Mr . Bush ( secretary ) also spoke to the toast britfly , when it was put from the Chair , and drank with three times three and one cheer more . Mr . Haines , a member of the Carpenter ' s body , then sang in excellent style , " My heart ii bounding , ' and was rapturously Bpplauded . Mr . Dzmell rote to propose the second toast , and said—Ladies and gentlemen , the toast . I have to propose is one of vast importance , it is as follows— " The People—their inalienable rights—freedom of expression , civil and religious liberty . May the badge of slavery be speedily annihilated by the enactment of the People ' s Charter , whole and entire" —( loud cheers ) . It was indeed a weighty matter for him : the people was a word be did not exactly understand ; but in his view it meant the people of the whole Empire . But perhaps the toast only implied the working classes , and as a previous speaker bad observed , they were of some importance , producing as they did all the wealth of the

      nation . -As to the latter part of the toast , he thought we were shut out from the constitution , as the shew of hands this day had shewn ; and he also was convinced we had a right to possess the franchise . It was contended we were too ignorant to exercise it ; but it was his opinion tbat there was much more sense in the great masB than in the minority —( bear , hear ) . Why if we thought a man aver so unworthy we had no power to rtject him ; if we thought a man ever so worthy we had no power to elect him—( cheers ) . It was mind , not sticks and stones should be represented—yes rationality said it was the mind of animated man that constituted the State —( loud cheers ) . What has not been done within this last fewyeare ? Has not the 8 word and ctnnon been employed to prevent man obtaining a knowledge of this right ?—( cheers ) . There is something wrong . In this caute many have suffered—some were banished , some have died , some said the Chatter was lost , that Chartism was dead , but he would tell them in the words of the

      poet—That freedom s battle once beguB , Bequeathed by bleeding sire to son , Though b ^ &sd oft la ever won . ( Loud cheers . ) He was obliged to the committee for the wording of the toast—He wished they were compelled to wear the badge on the arm or the breast , ao that every bodj might know they were slaves—( hear , hear ) . Why did Irishmen shout justice to Ireland ? why did Scotchmen call tor a free church ? why did trades unionists ask for a fair day ' s wages for a fair day ' s work 1 why , because they bad not the Suffrag e ; because they had not the People's Charter—( loud cheers ) . A House of Commons was theoretically the representatives of the whole people , but we wish it to be so practically—( bear , hear ) . It wa 3 robbery to exact taxes without granting representation . ; There was less than one million of electors in this country , and about six million * of adult males , and thus the great msjority was compelled to submit to any amount of taxes the minority pleased to

      Impose—What was freedom ? ask not me , For although a Briton , I'm not frea 1 He was glad this toast had been drawn up , it ahowed the progress of opinion . He cordially agreed in its sentiments , and as cordially propoaedjit—( loud cheers ) . Mr . Lambeki supported : the toast . Mr . Wabxsabt said he claimed equality before the law , and thought every man should have the vote . After the excellent speeches that bad been delivered , he thought hia fellow workmen would be well pleased , if he returned bis seat , and made way for Hr . O'Connor —( cheers ) .

      Mr . O Connor then rose , amid the most enthusiastic cheering . He believed the toast did ample justice to itself , and did not require any eloquence from him . He thought every man heie w&b in favour of free discussion ; and , like a previous speaker , | ho should like to Bee an « utward badge to distinguish the freeman from the slave , for he verily believed was this the case , they would Boon kick slavery from amongst them—( bear , bear ) . Would any man here ask was he qualified to exercise the franchise ? Would any man vote for his own degradation?—( Loud cheers ) . Was there any Free Traders here ;? If there were , be asked them were they not bad carpenters to thus set about building a house without tools—( loud cheers ) . Was there any Teetotallers here T If there were , lot them

      advocate the Charter , for under it woald now increased morality ? Were there any here who desired an increase of knowledge ? If there are , let them seek the Charter ; for however you may sigh for learning , yon cannot obtain it without national aid—( loud cheers ) . Yea , let us have the Charter , and then a carpenter will be as good as a lord ; say , better , for he could bnild a house , while the useless lord could only occupy it If the Charter was had to-morrow morning you would require your Trades' Unions , but then it would be only to regulate your own trade affairs—( cheers ) . We have Been what one member of Parliament has done , and I am pleased to see that yon appreciate his services . You know I was a servant , and bad a master ; and bad it not been for the ousting of the Master and Servants '

      Bill , I should not have been here to-day —( loud laughter ) . Yes , my friends , I -was called a Wbig » py—then a Tory Bpy ; yeSi my friends , I am a spy , to spy out the wrongs of the people , and the meant of obtaining their juBt rights—( load cheering ) . Political economy was only good in the eyes of Free Traders when it allowed them to suck the sweat , the blood , and marrow of the people—( great cheering ) . Why do we attach so much Importance to Mr . Duucombe ' s representing you in the House of Commons , where his conduct should be the rule and not the exception T We should , and at the next election would have , at least twenty Duncombss in the House—( loud cheeis ) . I require the Charter for myself as little as any man . Professions are still protected . I have my mind nnd my limbs still sound ; I

      have property yet left to live on as a gentleman . I do not , neither have I , or will ' I , take a single fraction from the people—( loud shouts of " Bravo , O'Connor ") . You only ask for cfual protection , you require no more ; and you also demand the means of obtaining it . He was not afraid of an aristocracy of capital or of latadbut of labour—( hear , hear ) . I want a man to be remunerated for his labour , and a provision made for him when he cannot obtain work , or when he is past labour—( loud cheers ) . He was a Malthusian ; he was for placing the working classes on their own resources , but he would first take Lord Brougham and others of hia order off first—( hear , and cheers ) . My Maltbusianlem would lead me first to take such steps as would guarantee protection to the people , and

      render a Poor Law unnecessary . ( Great cheering . ) He believed there was & surplus population , but it decidedly was not of labour ; and as to the other orders , of which there decidedly was a great surplus—the sooner they emigrated the better—and he wenld not ask if the veisel was sea-worthy . ( Cheers . ) The Lord Bishop of Chester met with a poor man of the name of Daniel , who was a Chartist , and entering Into conversation with him , asked him if he was net aware tbat distress proceeded from the gross immorality of the people , and added , you must be patient , trust in God , depend on it God never sent mouths but he sent food to fill them . Oh , said Daniel , I grant your reverence there is immorality , hut not amongst the work people , and as regards the mouths and food , that may be striotly true , but the great mistake is , the mouths come to one door and the food to the other . ( Loud laughter and great applause . ) He agreed with Mr . Blewitt , thai we did not wish to pull down any , but desired to elevate

      alL Then abolish class-legislation , and enact the Charter , and 'tis done . ( Hear , hear . ) He was for liberty , not licentiousness . What he required was that the labourer should seap the full reward of his labour . He cordiBlly thanked them for their patient bearing , and their warm and hearty reception . ( Hear , hew . ) Mr . O'C-mnar then reminded them that a publia meeting would be held at Saville House , Leicester- ** oare , on Monday evening next , when he hoped to see them—( cheers ) . I now take my leave , and would assure them come what may , whether on the barren heath , in the vaults of the gloomy dungeon , or amidst the pelting stem , he would etancl fast for tht Charter , confident that by raising Its b . nner would be sufficient to cause thousands of adherents to rush to the standard . Mr . O'Connor resumed hia seat amidst perfect thunders of applause . Mr . Rovtb , a member of the carpenters's , then san ^ , — " Gather , gather , "—in a manner tbat elicited the warmest plaudits of the assembly .

      Mr . Gotobed rose , and liter animadverting in severe terms on the conduct of the press in general , and passing many high compliments to the Northern Star , proposed "The Press , and may it support the people in their struggle for jostice . " Drunk amid loud applause . The Chii : rman rose and stated that delegates had arrived from the North , and hearing that a respectable body of the trades was meeting , they had come here and asked his permission , to address them ; he would , therefore , call on Mr . Mitchen to address them .

      Mr . Mitcheh—Ladles and gentlemen , it we have not the advantages of enlightenment , of Intelligence , of education as you have—and he would ask , with their being perpetually buried in the black coal mine in the bowels of the earth , how should they ?—( hear , hear ) ,

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      yet , they could lay their grievances before them in tn ? L » n ^ T * ° be UDlJe » t «« J . The masters have L ^? n ^ ^ * ° u CtU 8 h ou * nnion , but we nave determined they Bfaall not-tfoud cheers ) . He would endeavour to explain the position of the Miners . The SfH » h R wu d tannins fxom 9 "e 5 * of April to tnn » f ' U * * meDhad 8 l « ned Wl «» Oafc ¦« »«»>* knowing its contents ; but they had determined to know henceforth , and had therefore drawn up a bond J ? £ 5 ® wn- < l 0 tt <* <* eers ) . The men in their bond required 10 s . a-week smart money instead of 5 s . He woHld explain this to them . They were subject to accidents , such as the falling-in of stones , fire damps , * & which sometimes swept hundreds of them into eternity without warning . They did this to compel the masters

      to have a better system of ventilation , < fco . in the pits . We only want , like yourselves , a fair day ' s wages for a fair day a work , and they were resolved to take no less —( loud cheers ) . They had now been out for seven weeks , and were in a better position te maintain the am i u WheB the * b 8 « an—( loud cheering ) . They did notask great wages , bat simply to be paid for what they did . We wish prosperity to the masters ; but , at the same time we require , and are resolved to obtain a living out of the immense profits resulting from mining operations ; we have thrown down thebadjie of slavery , and are resolved not to take it up agian—( immense cheering ) . We have derived great assistance from Mr . Roberta , Mr . O Connor , and the Norther * Star . They

      were about to hold meetings in this metropolis , and earnestly solicited the support of the trades . Mr . MJtchea resumed his seat amidst tremendous cheering . Mr . Blew itx Bald he was a Cornish man , and before he was honoured—( laughter )—by being admitted a carpenter , be had worked in the mines , and therefore could fully sympathise with the Miners . Mr . Chairman , we have been accused of meeting in public-houses , and neglecting oar wives and families , but for Mb part he was never so happy as when at home with his family , he therefore proposed- » The ladies , our wives , daughters , and sweethearts . " Drunk with three times three , and one cheer more—the . band playing «• Here ' s a health to all good lasses . *'

      Mr . Prior then rose and in a very able speech proposed , " Health , h&ppinees , and long life to our Chairman ; may he continue a consistent advocate of the rights of the people . " Drank with three times three , and long continued clapping » f hands and other demonstration of applause . Mr . Duncombe responded and said , it would be the height of vanity on my part if I was to attempt to convey In words my gratitude for the very high compliments passed on me . The only merit I can claim is of having done my Parliamentary duty in an independent , honest , and straight forward way , which , I am happy to find , gives you so much satisfaction . ( Cheers . ) Mr . Blewitt has given you an account of my career ; I hope a correct one . I have invariably found those who make

      the strongest pledges the first to break them . He always thought honesty tbe best policy ; if he had Dot tnken the course he had he should net have been so complimented as he that day had been . Too much was thought of bis humble services , for they would have been useless had he not been backed by tbe people ' s watch dog , the Norihnn Star , and supported by tbe fades— ( cheers ) . Mr . Miles said he brought in the Masters and : Servants' BUI for the benefit of the working classes—( laughter ) . Mr . Palmer said he had no idea that it would have had th » effect it was now represented as having , his intention was to protect the agricultural gentlemen from those riotous labourers who don ' t hoe our turnips as they should —( laughter )—and there was another class of men be wished it to

      embrace—the grave diggers—( roars of laughter ) . You laugh ; you think I am joking—( no , no ) . But this was Mr . Palmer ' s argument They dig tbe graves not deep e . ough , or so awkwardly , tbat the sides fall in . However , said Mr . Duncombe . I dug the grave for tbe Bill —( immense cheering ) . The last speaker had alluded to the smiles of Royalty , and tbe patronage of faction . He begged to assure them tbat he valued their h » nest cheera far , very far , before oitber—and that he only valued his seat so far as it allowed him to be of service to the people—( load and long cheering ) . Before I sit down allow me to drink to one and all of your very good healths , and prosperity to yourselves and connexions . ( Mr . Dunoombe resumed his seat amidst load and prolonged cheering . )

      A gentleman close to tbe chair said he bad a duty to perform previous to the Chairman leaving the chair . It was to move " The thanks of this assembly to Feargas O'Connor , Esq . for bis attendance here this day , and to the Editors of the Northern Star for their continuous and able advocacy of the oaoso of the people . " Drunk with three times three and one cheer more . Mr . O'Connor responded , and said he bad lived down prejudice , and was most happy in doing so , and be felt inexpressible pleasure in finding the principles he advocated were making sueb vast progress . He wished a good feeling to spring up amongst all grades ; to feel tbat they were all equal . Let him once find this done , which he firmly believed would be the result of the Charter , and he would retire to private life . He would not longer continue nddvessiug them on the present occasion , or he might loose the thanks of the ladies by so doing .

      Messrs O'Connor and Dancombe then left the Hall loudly greeted as they passed down . At sine o ' clock the ball commenced , and was carried on with great splr it to a late hoar .

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      AMERICAN PARTIES AND POLITICS . That " Party is the madness of the many for tbe gain of the few , " was never more forcibly exemplified than m the present position of the people of the United States . In the old monarchies and aristocracies of Europe , party symbols and factious watchwords is an invention as old as the existence of tbe States themselves , devised by cunning and ambitious impostors to keep tfee many in eternal discord amongst each other , that speculators in human folly might feed upon the delusion of their dupes , and live at the expense of the millions they so egregiously debase and deceive .

      Without meddling with the history of other European states ; without wearying our readers by citations from the olden history of our own country , it will be sufficient to remind them of the deadly feuds which hare for the last two centuries torn every city , town , and hamlet in Britain , occasioned by the party watchwords , " Whig" and " Tory . " Under the banners of these faotions the mass of the people have been corrupted and brutahsed to an extent horrible to contemplate . Upon the return of every election , bribery and drunkennoss , fraud and meanness , have overspread the land like some destructive

      deluge or baleful pestilence , annihilating erery virtue , and corrupting society throughout all its ramifications . Father has been arrayed against son , and brother againBt brother . Cities have been wrapped in flumes and numerous murders committed by ferocious mobs who excite our pity rather than our condemnation , being , as they were , the misled dupes of Charlatans , who traded apon their ignorance and credulity . ** No Poperj !" and " Reform ! " hare , at different periods , been the watchwords which have sufficed to exoite men to the most revolting atrooities . To the misled millions

      these factious fights and party struggles have resulted only in an increase of suffering and oppression . But what thenl Have not knaves thriven , and public plunderers grown fat upon the gullibility of the duped and miserable many ?! Party watchwords , like religious distinctions , were originally manufactured , and have been perpetuated solely as a means of keeping the people in a state of debasement . It cannot be too often repeated that the canting of all religions are the same : all the juggleries professed and practised by the different parties , having for their aim and end the plunder

      and brutalisation of the millions . Hindoo and Pagan , Turk and Jew , Mahommedan and Christian , have amongst them those whose sole object is the robbery and degrading of the masses . They hound on myriads of msn to out each othere ' throats all" for tho glory of God , " while they tbem-Belves , ridicule and scoff at the absurdities of whioh they profess to be the champion ? . Tbe &ame with party distinctions . Whig and Tory may set the nation by the ears , and fight with each other for the largest share of the spoil robbed from a taxed and subjugated people : but the moment any

      question arises in which the real interests of the many are concerned ; the moment any measure is demanded intended for the protection of the million , whether it be a " Ten Hours' Bill" or the People ' s Charter , " that moment do the different factions cordially unite to outrage justice and trample down humanity . The recent Factory debates have signally proven the truth of this , when the oligarchs of the land and the loom , though at other times relentless foes , united together to defeat a measure which was at least a step towards the emancipation of the Buffet * ing slaves of Capital ,

      Though name ? have in eome measure differed , yet the same game in reality has been as successfully played in the United States . There the two great parties of " Whigs" and " Democrats" have long divided the publio mind . The former axe principally

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      known on this side of the Atlantic as the abattorb of that accursed Banking Ststem , whioh a few years ago spread ruin and desolation over the Republic . The Demoorats , under the Presidencies of Jackson and Van Buben , have been eqaally famous for their opposition to the Bank swindlers . One of the principal points of difference between the two parties at the present time is , that the | Whigs are generally in favour of a high tariff , or protection to native manufactures , while the Demoorats on the other hand lean to the prinoiple of Free Trade . The cause of this ib obvious enough , the Whigs are mainly manufacturers , merchants , bankers , &o ., and , therefore , interested in forcing the growth of native

      manufactures . On the other hand the DsmocratB wisely dread the extension of the manufacturing system ; fearing lest that system should result , as in England , in the creating of a vast factory population , wholly dependant upon the will of the Mill-Molochs for the very bread they eat ; ithe spiritless , because poverty-stricken slaves of gold-gorged profitmongers . The Demoorats know full well that an agricultural population , having a stake in their native soil , and therefore something worth fighting for ; un-intimidated by lordly capitalists , and uncorrupted by the vices and villanies of huge cities , must be the only safeguard—can be the only sure bulwark of the liberties of the Republic : —

      " Princes and Lords may flourish or may fade , A breath can unmake as a breath has made , But a bold peasantry , their country ' s pride , When once destroyed , can never be supplied . " Precisely the same reason whioh makes the Democrats of this country Anti-Free Traders , makes tbe party of the same name Anti-Protectionists in the American Republic ! So far we have desoribed the fair side only of the Democratic party . Their anti-bank and anti-factoTy principles we fully admire ; but the principles professed by public men are one thing , their practices ,

      too often , another . Of all parties that have ever made a profession of good principles , and at the same time grossly outraged those principles , the American Democratic party is perhaps the most infamous . We know many individuals who , panting for the establishment of liberty , having struggled and suffered for that object in this country ; and , hunted down by persecution , or wearied of a ( hitherto ) fruitless struggle , have sought refuge in the United States . We have known these individuals , astonished and disgusted by realities bo painfully different to their own j imaginings , return to this country with prospects blasted and hopes withered ; all their bright dreamings of " Equal

      Rights and Equal Laws" shattered and destroyed by their sojourn in the " Model Republic . " From these parties we firft learned something of the real character of the American Democratic party ; and in publications emanating from that very party we have since fonnd ample confirmation of the truth of theae individuals statements , j The fact ia , th » t the American Whigs are , as near las possible , what our English Conservatives are ; while the American Democrats , at least the leaders of them , are but HttU , if any , better than our English Whigs . Aa a party , the United States Democrats are rotten to the core : and recent events show that the breaking-up , or at any rate the reformation of this party cannot be far distant . <

      As in England , the name of" Reformer" has been hoisted by every knave who was anxious to win the sweet voices of the multitude as a stepping-Btone to his own personal aggrarfirement ; so in the United States too man ; charlatans anxious to live on the plunder of the publio , have assumed the holy name of Democrat for the self-same purpose . For some time previous to the late election the ! Democrats have had tbe as cendauoy in New York ; land according to the statements of the honest portion of that party , a more corrupt set of jobbers , a yiler crew of hypocrites never traffioed with great principles , or tyrannised over a publio they had by their professions duped and deceived . Bui the evil is working its own cure . '

      Two other parties , the Abolitionists and the Native Americans demand a moments' attention . The former of these have for i their object , as our readers are aware , the liberation from slavery of the black or negro population of the Southern States . With that objeot all sincere Democrats and consistent advocates of Equality must heartily concur . The disgusting quibbling of Americans calling themselves Demoorats on this question is most disgraceful .

      To eeriotisly attempt any refutation of their sophisms , would be a labour of supererogation . By their own " Declaration of Independence" they are convicted of the most mendacious hypocrisy and hellish tyranny the world has ever yet witnessed . The cart-whip ruffians of the South are , in our eyes , beyond the pale of human sympathy , and should be everywhere execrated as the most mischievous and diabolical opponents of lioerty and human

      progression . It is a great mistake to suppose , aa is the case in this country , that the entire of the North is opposed to Southern slavery . The fact is that a wide spread opinion favourable to the continuance of slavery existB throughout t ^ ho North , principally too amongst the working classes . The solution of this is easy . We should here state that of the two great parties the Whigs have the reputation of leaning to Abolitionism ; while the Democrats are classed as tho supporters of Slavery . The chiefs of this latter party , being composed

      mainly of voraoious offioe-seekors , are , of course , no way sorupulous as to the company they keep or the principles they violate . Hence their support of Slavery , which has obtained Jbr them Southern fraternity in all national contests , and usually given them the victory over \ their opponents . The working classes , seeing the ranks of the Abolitionists mainly composed of Whigs ; knowing from experience that that party is the enemy of everything like real equality—a party having for its grand aim the establishment of a landed and

      monied Aristooraoy—strongly suspected , too , of a leaning towards Royalty and the abolition of Universal Suffrage , the working ( classes naturally regard with suspicion the mookrphilanthropio sentiments of these men . The working men believt , and we think rightly , that the real aim of too many of the Abolitionists in their outcry for Slaveryabolition is the bringing of the j slave population into the white labonr market , to ; compete with and bring down the wages of the working man . Hence to a great extent may be ascribed the pro-slavery feeling among the labouring classes of the Free

      States . \ The Native Americans are a new party , whose ohief principle seems to be the exclusion from office of all who are not aative-born cititans . They would also ( we believe ) greatly extend the term of probation , which foreigners have now ; to pass through , before bolng admitted to the privileges of citizenship . The existence of this parf y , whioh is at present principally confined to New Yorkj is , in some measure , the reactionary oonsequence of the Irish Repeal displays , which last sear so agitated the States , and the wide extent to iwhioh the

      Irishborn citizens have managed to monopolize the sweets of office under the Democratic regime . The disappointed offiae-seekerB , both of the { Whig and Democratic parties , have been the prime agents in getting up this new movement . Trading upon the superstitious and national prejudices of the million , these unmitigated reptiles hare succeeded in forming a party , the most mercenary and intolerant of any in the States . We say superstitious prejudices : for the Native Americans , be it understood , are great

      sticklers for the Bible being made the book of bookB in all public Bohools and plaoes of instruction . This patty , in the recent munioipal eleotion of New York , succeeded ia returning its ; own candidates agaisst both Whige and Democrats , for the offices of Mayor , Alderman , &c , Ac . This is not surprising . The honest , or Radical portion of the Democracy , refused to support the Democratic oandidatea } while a large mass of those whojhad become disgusted with the old parties has ; joined this new

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      light , in the hope that some good might come out of the change ; hence the defeat of both Whigs and Democrats . That this new party can last for any length of time , we cannot believe . Its doctrines are opposed to every principle of right and liberty ; and unless the mind of America is to retrogade , which we hold to be impossible , such detestable doctrines cannot progress for any lengthy period . Judging by their speeches , the intellect of the leaders of this party is of the most contemptible order . The following is a fair specimen of the arguments advanced by this precious sect , extracted from the speech of one Colonel Snow : —

      " Bat , say some of our imported friends , it ia hard to be obliged to pay taxes , and not be permitted to hold office besides ! Hard , ia it ? Well , there ' s a good many other things In this world that ' s hard , but wa have to beat " em , for ill that ! At my boarding house , now , I have to p 3 y my board , and let the Boss * go market ! Isn't that hard ?—( laughter ) . Bat hard net , this is our own right and privilege , to rule oar own institutions ia oar own way . '—toheeta ) . I was struck the other day , my friends , with a question put to me by my little girl Coming home from school she ran up to me , and asked me if the Bible was not a good book ? And I answered her , to be sore it is , my child : you always read your Bible ; you know it is a

      good book ! Why do you ask ? Because , said she , they say it is going to be tafeen away from the schools , and ' not be read there any more . I tell you child , said I , —and new I tell all , tbat it shall not be taken away from the schools —( Cries of 'No I' It shall noti '— 'U shall pot ! ' ) And we have come here to-day lo Bee to it , that this holy volume shall not only be read in our schools , bat that it be in every public place in the l&nd , from the humblest court room to the palace of the President —( cheers ) . It was this volume which Washington had in bis band , as his guide amidst the perils and tbe dangers of the Revolution which gave his country independence—( cheering ) . It is not a ' Sectarian' book , but the preper rule of every man ' s Ufa . "

      After the above any further exposition of this party and its doctrines ib unnecessary . Howevrr dangerous to real liberty may be th ¦ Whigs * or however rotten the Democrats , it is c \ i' i ; t that these Native woald-be-aristocrats , but veritable knaves and fools , are not the men to accomplish the regeneration of American society . We have spoken o £ these Whiga , Democrats , &c , as different and distinct parties : but the truth is t that , as in this country , these parties may all be classed into groat sections of idlers and workers ; schemers and dupes ; the object of the leading men of all parties , as we have already shewn , seeming to

      be a competition with each other as to the extent they can gull and defraud the pablio . This comes of the many following men and not principles , and looking ' p aktt instead of country , in the worse than useless struggles in which the people of the States are almost unceasingly engaged . The consequences have been the establishment of a social or rather anti-social system , very like that which has for centuries existed in this country . The few usurp the soil and deny to the many that heritage which Nature proclaims the property of all . A horde of capitalists monopolize the accumulated fruits of mechanical industry , " making money grim

      money ; " and without ever performing a solitary hand ' s turn of labonr , or producing a fraction of wealth , contrive to amass large fortunes by downright robbery of their over-toiling serfs . There , too , wages are in many branches of industry brought almost to an English level ; and the universal existence of Trades' Unions , and the frequent repetition of ** strikes , " attest the growing despotism < Jf the profit-monger , and the increasing helplessness of the labourer . If , as yet , the people of the States are not cursed with state-paid Priests and Royal

      pests , priestcraft and politioal corruption are preparing the way for both : while the abolition of Universal Suffrage is openly advocated by not a few of the fungus aristocracy and their panders and tools . The triumphant march of the capitalists and land-jobbers is producing the most deplorable results in all the large hives of human industry ;—destitution and misery are advancing daily with giant strides . ; For proof of our assertion , we point to tha following paragraphs from American papers , published within the last three months : —•

      Pauperism . —At this moment there are , on tbe books of the Employment Society in this city , ( New York , ) the names of 700 men , for whom work cannot be obtained . TMese men , loDg for work : they anxiously beg for it ; yet it is not to be found . Tbe necessity for that society was deeply felt in this city . Its office was opened , and daring the last year 2132 applied for work . Of these , 637 were directed to placet of employment , 832 were induced to leave the city , and the names of TOO are now upon the books , who desire work , bat find it not . In some of the mechanic arts , in many trades , there may be more work than work * men . Bat it is also true that there are workmen who find no work , and they become often dependent upon charity , and sink into pauperism . —Address &n Pauper * im . byRC- Watersion .

      Low Wages . —There has been a large meeting of t&e journeymen tailors in Philadelphia . They complain that for ten yeaia there has been a gradual and constant reduction of their wages by the employers—that the ratio within the last three months has been unparalleled , and that they are in consequence brought well nigh to starvation . — Williamsburgh Democrat , Seamstresses —A young lady of my acquaintance , who earns a scanty subsistence by shirt-making , informs me that she counted th * number of stitches in a shirt which Bbe gets but 30 cents for making , and ascertained it to be 17 , 623 , which gave her tbe mighty Bum of one cent for every 587 stitches . This is what they call " good wages . " No wonder there ate so many prostitutes . The secret of the evil lies in the misery and degradation of that class of females who aro compelled to labour fora living . —Mike Walsh .

      Bi ston . —Many females in this city labour dally from twelve to sixteen hoars , to earn from nine to fifteen shillings-f- a-week . Some can hardly earn twenty to twenty-five cents a-day ; and from this must be paid rent and raiment , fuel and food . Soae receive twentyfive cents for fifteen boms' labour . The jackets ate made for from twenty-five to fifty cents ; thick pantaloons twenty-Eve cents , and Bhiits seven cents . l * oW if a woman works at these rates sixteen and eighteen hours out of twenty-four , she cannot support a family . Rent is high . Faw rooms in the city can be obtained under one dollar a-week ; nearly all tent for one doilax and twenty-five cents . Now how can such expences be met by making shirts at six and seven cents , and vests at twenty-five cents f And besides the rent , wa must remember tbe expence of food , and fuel , and riiment— New York Sun .

      New York . —There is hardly a nfght in which some unhappy being does not expire in the streets of New York , from want and destitution . — Williamsburgh Democrats These are but samples of what might be given . We ask whether with Universal Suffrage our American brethren have not cruelly betrayed their holy trust to allow of such a state of things as the above ever to exist ! Why it exists haB been already shewn . Men have been content to follow the insanities of party , instead of the great principles of unerring truth . Had ** he that will not work , neither shall he eat" been the law of American sooiety , tbat country would not have been as it is now , overrun with lazy lying priests , brigand land jobbers , political peculators , and a mammon-gorged profit-ocracy .

      It is no answer to us for the Americans to point to this country , were an infinitely worse state of things exists . The down-trodden masses of England have not the power to save themselves : the Americans have ! and therein exists their culpar bility . u And are these the results of your muoh-soughfe and much-vaunted onivebsal suffrage ! " we heat the opponents of Chartism sneeringly demand , — "Wait a wee , gentlemen . " We have not done with the Bubject yet . True we have this week drawn but

      a gloomy picture of the " Condition of America Qaestion : " but the true interests of the glorious cause we have at heart demand that the truth should be told . Let not * however , the advocates of Democracy despair . There is a spirit abroad in the States which it will be our pleasing task to speak of in our next , whioh is every day advancing toward strength and power , and which will yet beat down the present accursed and cannibal system of social slavery and Bocial wrong , and make of that republio the paradise it might and would be , but for the ignorance of the many , and the rillany of the few .

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      * Boss , the usual name for an employer ,- here wed a 9 s name for the keepst of a l ^ $ e *« " |* + This shilling to about «* d Bnglfrn money .

      Ihe .Nofttheftn Star. Saturday, June 1, 1844.

      IHE . NOftTHEftN STAR . SATURDAY , JUNE 1 , 1844 .

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      __ JrjyB 1 , 1844 . THE NORTHERN STAR- 7

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), June 1, 1844, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1265/page/7/