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Northern Star (1837-1852), 29th July 1843, Edition 1 of 5, Page 7, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      EMIGEATION . {) B 5 ^ YATIOIfS COKSECTED WITH MB . TITKETHLY'S TOUB . CCcsdadedfhm oar lad weed ' s paper . J isstbtjctioks xkj > catjiioks to migbasts . Bosrding-liouBe keepers an generally mixed up -with { be sharks ; and they ate ever on She alert to "take-in j&xBgeiMr , They Mre tbe 3 ncwt expert liara , for the express pnrpose of entrapping then-prey , * ntfaCie 5 eSfeet by panning and enticing allurements ; sndfliBj too oftenjsneeeedin entangling even the most -wary in their meshes . ThBn ihe fleecing opeaHon is « omjneneed . ^ Ehe Togglng-howe keejer-having theemi .

      pani in bis oirn bouse , loathe best possible opporta july of recommending -aneh and such conveyances as being the l > eet and the tieapest ; sad those are generally rack U "Will SOt ffillfor a day or two after the fime fijey state , ao that they may have them at their house at Ujb double charge , M mentioned In Hz . Beweastle ' s statement . These feUo'WB obtain one-half , and somelimn ivro-tbirSs ol the &ie p&ia for conveyance to Bufiilo , or any other place ; and expectation that they lriH set seek every chance , and that they , and their jnynnidoni irBl sol nib « r steal "when opportnnity serves , canonly be justified in a JanaBc . The following 5 j a spedmea of the-rillany of one of these tridutera : —

      Oit the 10 th of Angnst , KobertAndersHi , - # ith Chaa . "Bxnabxw and vife , i who -were passengers -with ins to iostun , ) esme to Kbit y < uiSrhIlelTras there ; » TWi vsre i&dnced to so to the house of Abraham Knox , or Xnox and Sons , 16 | , Front-itreet , 'who so act that one can bally and act the master to-day and the other to-morrow ; and either of them be porter and ^ errant of » H work at pleasnre ; so EhaMf one makes the agreement , the other brings in ttebllland when any objection is anaae -Ehe ^ aeaaB , « o i be has nothing to do with . $ L This boose is mine , and my terms are those In . the MIL " Well , those Xnax * B charged my lellow jpaaseDgerB 25 cents fer meals not -worth six : © ents ; and after having had -wiatlbey considered necessary and w ^ tb about to depart , ths Enox ' s used the utmost permaBon to induce tT > pfri to ^ tske " an additional meaL Persuasion fc ^ vngj they remonstrated ; thai also failing , they began to threaten ; but it proved to so purpose in this case .

      Kthagoras-aad 3 > h 0 ip ~ Tyiniams , two of the musicians from Crompton who were oa board the S wanton and dunned us with their music "when in the Trf « H channel as mentioned in the early put of my janrnaU 3 elated to me the following facts on our homew&rd passage : — "Onlanding from fiieEwanton we wereindnced to gotoHnox's bouse ; and slaying only a few Irons -we left without any angry feeling , and proceeded to Plttsbargh in search of employment , -wh'chiot finding at that place , "we proceeded to Cincinnati , and as far as Louisville ; bat finding so many out of employment and

      that there -was us chance forns , "sre returned to New Tori , andKnox ' B being the only bonse knows to na , 'WB'went Ihiffies . 33 ib terms for board and lodging , ¦ were said to be two dollars per-week . When we had engaged onr passage and -were abont to pay ; one of the . KnaiS told us that Jiis terms rwere three dollars per ¦ week ; and that for three days it was the same as for the " whole -week . We remonstrated , but treze told that it most be psSd , adding , * 73 uxT 3 a facTJ' " —a term ¦ w hich became xpiite fmnffiaT on board from its frequent KpefiSon .

      Tntanq'ing Emigrants 'will do -well to take a , lesson from the cjrcnmstance of these men having expended -so Trmi 9 > time and Tooney in an T * T"tTO'f"utfF > l endeavour to obtain the opportaiiiiy of * mcm \ ng t >«» rr iissfi i / y the rweat ef tiieir brow . George HobinKJn , of AsHnm-Bryan , near Tork , -who tod bean over for the ame oVjed as the brothers TVUliasaa , and had also been ¦ unsnccassfnl , retnzned by fiie same ship . He bad likewise staid a few ^ days at file Knox ' s , asd was charged the same as the others . On -flRmvKiing _ a bill , with particulars , he said they

      « ZooiaJ Kae . ™ He declared the bed not to be £ t for a dog , and for -which be bad to pay two ahQliDgs a night , and two abniings for each meal The "fast" in , be bad to pay Kjkji his extortionate demandj "Who , howBrer , was constrained to say that he might xtsy file week OBt ; of - winch he and the Williams partly availed themselves , by returning from the ship and having several meals ; bat a person of the same of Potter , from Calton , Glasgow , -wlio iad been imposed spon in like Twiwim at the same plact , dazed not * g"T * Tentnre upon the premises , lest some more of Knox " s Ztabborn "fads' ' ahonldrisextpagainsthira .

      It ought to be ^ eneraDj known thai there Isnt i n force "which , inflicts s . beavy penalty upon the owner of any ship "which enteraany port of the United States -with a greater somber of passengers on board than the said law prescribes , lam sot certain of the exact number \ bnS it is mled by « o many tons measare-TOsnt of ths ship ; so that "nnlesBthe vessel Is laden « 1 A light goods there is generally a sofficiency ofroom forth * conTenieiice of passengers . This , bowever , is sot the case "with vessels TetnrciDg from 4 be AxoericuL ports ; tlwre ^ eing so law in Sritain by which this matter is r ^ nlxted . They cram hnman beings together like so many pigs , paying so regard to health , comfort , or decency ; and when landed oa the British shores there is no asyhnn prepared ta xeceivB the invalids ; they sre left to shift for themselves as best

      they can . 2 fotsointhe States ; for at the -varions ' portB an hospitals for a » -reception of all -who may require Tnf * Kr d aid , soft where tliey are taken care of until thfiyiecoVEt y » theptup « 6 of meetiDgtheexpence thereby incnned , one dollar is demanded of every pasaenger , of "whatever age or sex , before they are allowed to proceed from any of onr ports , the captain knowing Sat it wfli be demanded of him on the opposite snore of the Atlantic The money received at Hew York alone for this purpose must be immense , as may be easily ascertained . For instance , one ship -with 300 passengers it -4 s . 3 d . ( passengers generally pay 4 s . 6 d . they sot baving dollars . ) will fnnish the hospital with up"Wirds of ^ £ 60 . - From the information I have had , great m&lappropriatioD and corrnpti < -n exists in the rnntwigenient of those institutions , eves in the land of purity and republican principles .

      It would be "well for the Emigrants to sleep on board flie-resselin "which they cross , until they can take their fare for the JPsr West and bave their baggage taken from one Teasel to aje-ottwr . TMs -would tfiert a coo < laderable saving . I save before mentioned the impropriety and danger of persons leaving their native land . If willing to labour , but usable to obtain employment , they nevertheless possess as inherent right to a sufSxaency of the seeessanes of life ; aad be is a connimmate coward who employs sot every legal means to procure a living for Tirtngp f * jmA dependants in 7 »« fatber-l&nd . He who liB tamely asd siiently submit to ihe invasion and

      « rrm ^ Tf | i . Knn ^ nf iis slott sacred rights at borne , is nn-¦ woraiy of a place in any country . Wonld that J could awaken my degradftd countrymen to a tme sense of their duty , and arouse them to as united , legal , and cod-Btitniioml effort to deliver themselves from the galling despotinn undsr -which they zus % r 1 Then wonld a regeneration be effected at borne , and Emigration become a matter of cioiee , Instead of , as it sow is * a thins < £ compulsion . Xet every one do their duty and xemsin at borne -until they are prepared to buy a plot o ! land , and can depend more spon the cultivation of the soil ( the proper basis of prosperity and comfort ) , than spon the produce of any-traffic oi handicraft

      The influx of arozsss and labourers into the States and Canada from all the countries ef . Europe is so excssaive as to overstock every department of labour . Every city , port , and manufactory have taken advantage of the glut , and employed the strangers si half the ¦ wages paid to their old hands , "who are driven from their homes as -we-drive away foreign manufacturers , by ¦ what is falsely called the free trade system ; and thus they are compelled to seek another borne , to starve , or to accept such employment , on such terms , as the employer may in bis mercy and charity be disposed to Sjve .

      Often have 1 heard ^ he -working men of England and Scotland bitterly complain -of the Inflnr of the Irish , xnfl theeoBsegnent lowering of -intges ; butl did DOt antiripaifc that I should tear the cozsea loud and deep of lbs Americans against Scotchmen and Englishmen - ** "TntpjTiy their ^ bade . l £ t the industrious ** 1 i »» i « m for pared , they not onlyexposethemselTe « to afe&R . jwirations bnt at the same tisoe isslct much * sufEaing upon others , ssd CTgnnflCT a spirit of animosity in the breasts of their own order , an <^ enable the employers , by a redundancy of bands thus created , to reduce "wages and to demand excessive long boors of ton , "wiere > v they can profuse tbesamedescripaonof goods -wbicb -webave been in the babit of txpoTtinf at solow a price as to drive us out of the-market . In fact , they have Ibis veryaprlnj !

      exportedt&jB » ina half as many goods as Great Britain , and ltal ^ Mso sent a large quantity into X ^ verpool . I bave ^ before intimated that in principle I am opposed to-Emigration ; howfirer , I will sow attempt to shew -what is secesssry to be attended to by those who SM resolved to go -render zmy drcnmstaDcea ^ and store espdafly f or the beneEt of the unfortunate who are compelled lo go . I intend to show the advantage of going into theTar West , over settling in tba Eastern States . The southern iJivision of WzsconSls 3 the sortbern dmnos of liiisois , and a diviaioBjof MjghigaS , are the puts I abo&ld lecommeud as settlements , in preference to snyeiher east xS fiie Mississippi . In that laiitnne 1 consider the climate most congenial to the inhabitants of the British isles . In those districts ihwe is plenty of the besi land sBapproprlated , to be baa -& ^ be government price lone-and-a-qnarter dollar

      P * r ¦ ¦ vagfi and sowhere in t > m unTnuaaatoag in fl » States or Indians , 4 ) bip , PennsVjTuna , or Hew York , « ss 5 » aa « I si inferior q&aVfty be obtained A tsn-Iold the Jb&b . In the parts referred to , land can "bei obtained * a »^ y covered -with , or perfectly free from timber , or Pan with asd part without Water is plentiful , and " wxfcr eonveyanee-to US' * TOBK and Bbw OxiiiKS i » seara » enjalL JTbesamB lemaAswin apply to tbe Xoraieni part of tbe JllsSOUM territory , and ^ a great jOTfion ^ f the territory of Jowa . ercepBnf -withje « ard io ^ asetKarreysi weto Sxvr Todt . In proof of this Statement ! jBayaneBtioB , that there sre mrne persons ¦**» . after tiispoiang ** tii ^ r land in the JB&sters States , Tnasate t » She temifeeB aJlnded to , thin jo tfcere faan Britain , Ireland , « the "whole « f Barqpe put together . Th « s Act is the best evidence of the advantagecJssKfing there .

      ^ A psKionof these States and territoriss abonnd " ^ « aJ , lsad , asd other minerals . The fertility tf the soil is greater than in the Eastern States . 2 x 1 Ibe Somth Sib b » t i » often too excesatre for

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      Britons ; while in the North the winters are severe , long , and dreary ' . In the parts I recommend , tha inhabitants generally enjoy good health with ! walcafnlsess , -which is secessary for all to attend to arho go to a-strange country . Much "water power may be had for flour , saw , and other mills , and for propelling eveiy kind of machinery . These territories produce the best -wheat and in the largest quantity , of any other of the States , j Wheat is the staple ^ produce ; and there are great facilities to ship it for New York and New Orleans , and , from some of tbe § iatricts to Canada easier than to either ; and Canada is now the best market . For these , ssd other reasons , il give a decided preference to the Far West

      I found , during my stay is the country , that many persons bad been induced to gein to Western Canada from tbe States , from tbe fact that unprecedented encouragement bad been given to several persons , some of whom 1 met ; they having obtained free grants of 100 acres of land each ., on application to ths Colonial Government ; "which Government had also given such encouragement in other respects , as to have caused considerable increase in trade . Taxes are lower there than in the States , from these circumstances it is evident that the policy of the British Government is to conciliate the Canadians ; and they have induced Dr . Nelson , whom they denounced ssd bunted as a rebel , to return , as also Mons . Papineau , formerly Speaker of tbe House of Representatives , who had to See for bis life . I am informed that he had sot only received a free pardon , but bad been paid the full amount of bis salary , as Speaker , during the -whole of bis absents ^ from

      Mi . Mackenzie's own month I -was informed thai be bad bees pressisgly invited to return , although be was the bead asd chief leader of the rebels ; and was as repeatedly rejected by the Government , and as regularly returned , until , at length , they -were compelled to admit he was the leading opposition member of the House ef ^ Representatives . To see k to have those favouTitea returned to the country , aod to mate concessions , isa proof that our rulers are resolved to retain their hold in that country as long as possible * ; but "with all their anxiety to infuse loyalty into the breasts of the people , stall a strong hatred to Church and King will ever exist , and tbe populace win most assuredly shake off their allegiance at the first favourable opportunity . The expense of retaining possession of , and supporting the Colony is great , asd is borne by British and Irish industry , which is fast on the wane , and will , ere long , be iQ&ufadsnt to support itself at home , f But to Tetors .

      Persons who go out , sot being members of tbe " Mutual Aid Society , " with the intention of ? purchasing land , ought , hi the first place , to go to ; the land offices of tbe several districts , say MILTVALK . ET , Chicago , Maddisou , Galena , or any other land office in whatever district they intend to locate , and ascertain bow tbe unappropriated land is situated , and also obtain whatever general information may be requisite . Afterwards the land should be visited , to ascertain its Qualities ; its proximity to water , tor other conveyance for produce to a good market , or ( markets . Examine if sufficient timber be upon it , or if too muck ; as , in the latter case , great labour and expense would be required to cut it down , { or chop it , as the phrase is ) , and clear it off . I have seen laud that ! cost tea times its original price to dear off the timber ; and , after all , the stumps , about three feet in height , remained , and did not rot out fox many years , ThiB will show the advantage of purchasing upon oak openings , or prairie . ¦

      For myself , I beg to state OuA I soon saw that if I came to a determination to purchase , 1 ontbt , at l east , to be three months in the territory before fifing myself ; S& that I might obtain tbe most minute knowledge of every comer and circumstance , and profit by my own individual experience . ThiB I mentioned to several persons , -who uniformly approved of the ides . The Emigrant must sot by any means purchase or pay for a single acre of land , without first calling at the district office , and there ascertain that th » land is really the property of the parson professing to be tbe proprietor . Much imposition has been effected by sales of land by persons out of whose possession it had passed ; and the unfortunate purchaser hu , after settling and laying ont additional money , and imagining himself settled for life , been ejected from it , as though be bad never paid a farthing . This occurs oftenest \ rhen purchasing improved lands . I

      Six miles square constitutes a township . A section is one mile square , or 640 acres—as half section , 320—a quarter 260 acres , and an eighth , eighty acres , which is the smallest quantity -srbich tbe Government will sell . Id every case the sixteenth section is appropriated to the support of schools , -whereby an universal system of education is established . \ The -title deeds which confer the right of property throughout the States are printed in a plain form , on parchment of the quarto siza . Tbe purchaser's same , tiie locality of the purchase , and tbe date being filled up in ¦ writing , and thB document being subscribed by the President of the United States and the Agent of the General Land Office , becomes a perfectly legal document , and is banded to tbo purchaser fjee of all expe&ee , aad may be legally transferred by him to another person without tbe intervention of a lawyer , or any of the absurd and expensive mummery practised by our mo Jem Solans in England or Scotland . 1

      As every possible advantage is taken of the knowledge the inhabitants obtain of the intentions of a stranger , it is justifiable to act the part ol the waterman , -that is , to " looi one way and tow another" j or , as tbe Yankees say , to be " wide awake . " " Rich fiat land or valleys are often found very unhealthy ; and situations bordering on marshes and stagnant pools must be avoided . They engender [ disease , especially fever and agues ; which disorders are of a lingering nature , asd though not considered very dangerens , yet they are unwelcome visitant * Uncleared lands have a tendency to aggravate the evil ; and , if proper caution be sot observed , the disease sometimes proves fatal Upland grounds , dry , and exposed to free air . ousbt to be preferred .

      Mr . Sheriff , a writer in Chamber s JnformaiioKjor the People , states that the valley of the Mississippi , ( which includes nearly tbe whole of the territories of "which I am speaking ) produces a good and sure crop of wheat of from xhirty to thirty-five bushels to the acre , of CO lbs . and often 66 lbs . to the bushel . My information , however , is , that from fifteen to twenty bushels is tbe average ; and the -weight considerably under that given by ilr . S ., who farther states that be estimated some Indian corn on the banks of the Mississippi at twenty feet high . I saw none above seven and a half feet , and met with no one who had seen so mueb as half Mr . Sheriff ' s estimate . '

      Mr . Flint is first made to differ -with Mr . 8 ., and then is made to say that be had met a settler whebad that year raked sine hundred bushels of Indian com , and that by bis own individual exertiecs ;] which statement is , from tbe information 1 received ; in that country , an absolute impossibility . Nevertheless , Mr . Flint adds that be bad previously beard of a negro , settled on the prairies , sear Yinceimes , "who had the same year raised one thousand bushels ; and which is a still greater impossibility . We must , if it can be

      swallowed , believe that those gentlemen , the lilacs and the white , bad neither man , woman , nor child ; bone , ox , nor ass , to aia them in plonshing , digging , harrowing , sowing , hoeing , reaping , houseing , thrashing , and preparing it for the market ; which , ghrfnff twenty-four bushels to the acre , w > uld be , for one human being to cultivate and crop , thirty-eight acres ; and this , if the land were in the highest possible state of cultivation , & farm labourer in Britain would say -was no trifling matter . Toil is what my American friends ; called " lonE-bow sweeping . "

      Bet incredible as these statements are , they did not safSce ; for fee writer proceeds to inform his readers that the soil is -well adapted for the growth of European vsget&bles : and be emrms that cabbages grow to the siza of from thirteen to seventeen and a half feet in circumference , and thai those of nine feet round' in the bead are common 11 It wonld certainly have been much more satisfactory bad Mr . Flint favoured the readers of ¦> Chambers' Ivforxrudion- -witb the name aod address Of the "" trier XTflO Xalsed the aloa " hvoArmik baabeJs at grain by Ms ows individual txextions , and also tbe name sad residence of tbe negro nearYiacennes vrho raised taeone thousand bushels by the same means . It

      might be thonjbt mde to deny tbe statement ; fneverttcleas , by a little personal intercourse with the black and vslate gentlemen , ( for settlers sre generally understood "to b % -white . ) a most valuable lesson might have been learned , it -would have been no less important had theimme of one grower of those thirteen , and seventeen-and-a-balf-feet-drennjfeteBce cabbages been also given . The abBen ce of such inf oraa £ Uta- £ aased me to devote considerable time in jaaiiBg inquiries is to where those immense -vegetables trere produced ; but , irons personal observation , I found the cabbages grown in England are much superior to any in those parts over wbicb I travel ed .

      Tbe cabbage-statement is followed up fey another , to shew , or indues tbe belief , that parsnips , carrots , asd ¦ beets are remarkable for tbeir tizs and Savour ; and peas most txcettent and prolific . These " Xongbow sweepings" may sot have been published with a dishonest intention ; butl consider parties culpable in the bigh ' e&t degree who circulate such unfounded-Statements ^ imong the people , who possess no means of ascertaining the trnSb . By suoh tales are they allured from their bones to a pictured Paradise . ' and , whea too late , they find sotbing hut a wilderness . ¦

      Chambers' itiformaHon goeB on to state ibat peaebu are in blossom on the 1 st of April ; asparagus on the 3 rd ; and peas , beams , aad onions are sown asd brought to "perfection at though there were bat one day In the year , and that tbe seasons were tegalated onthat < me day in the same way as a watch . Sseh is not th « case la that country the winters are more and less severe , as -well as losger and shorter in their duration ; altboogb the Messrs . Chambers essay to gnfl the public by stating that on tire 10 th of April , sine days alter the pea > b blossoms , tbe spring has fairly set is aad the prairies are green ; all of which are set down jss tie iBfcSDoranciamfl of a naturalist . No oonbt ttey are those of » natural fool ; for none other would clothe , the trees in blossom before the spring set in , or affirm that tarnips sows on the lOih of September grow to a large si 2 s before whiter . This cannot in anywise apply , to the Northern States , i

      I pas « over the story about beef and bogs being divided among neighbours , and returns » ode of the Mmfl kind , and also that ot three-year old heifers weighing miba . being sold for 24 s . Sd ., and oome to the following passage : —

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      "Every farmer , besides his own land , has tbe range of tbe meadows around him both for his cattle , bogs , turkeys , and poultry , so that they are reared In immense numbers and at small expence . " No doubt where the land is unappropriated , tbe cattle and poultry do range the for « . t , unrestricted ; but when the land , is taken up , enclosed and improved , they are cjnflned to their own property , the same as in England . When cattle , fcci&re reared they are slow of sale , and are not unfrequenQy exchanged for articles of necessity . If ever the market * were good , even when Messrs . Chamber * published these exaggerations , it by no means follows that they are so now . Again , it is said : — "Altogether the fertility of the country , and the abundance of its natural productions , are snch that the inhabitants are afraid of not being bulieved by the other Americans . " i

      This portion of tfee subject is dosed with tbe following : — ¦ "These statements may ( do ) appear overdrawn , but all tbe favourable impressions which had . been made concerning this country , by the reports of former visitors , have been confirmed , in the most satisfactory manner , by Mr . Stuart , of Dunearn , who passed through tbe ¦ whole territory in 11832 , and conversed with the most intelligent of its inhabitants . His account agrees in everything with what "we had previously heard of the great fertility and growing importance of the conntry . " ¦

      Those gentlemen father upon Mr , Stuart tbe Whole of these extravaganzas , which are , I feel sorry to say , so far as I could obtain information , gtoas and criminal allurements ; and I ; beg to assure my fellow countrymen and countrywomen -who blindly follow the tempting bait that they will speedily feel the book . What can justify statements so outragfcous , while upon l&nd equally rich and fertile , and in a climate equally as congenial , the average ; crop ia generally known to be under twenty bushels per acre ? The knowledge that hnndreda have been induced to leave their father-land , in consequence of what Chambers" and others have published in this over-ooloured-¦ way , hu induced ! me to lay the reality before my readers , and leave them to take their own course ; that knowing the truth that they may have themselves alone to blame .

      Mr . Stuart having bets frequently quoted in Chambers' pnblicaUon , it may be useful to give tbe following correspondence which will show what his evidence is Tforth : — . ; "The following letter was addressed by ^ rder of the Government , to Mr . Beal , Factory Inspector , of Dundee . ( See debate upon Mr . Fielden ' a motion of enquiry ia the House of CommooB , July , 1840 ; aud notice the villainy of the Whigs , the pitiful subterfuge of Fox Maule , who wisked the House to believe that the inspectors were only authorised to report the state o / the Harvest ] : — ' 345 , Strand , London , " 30 th Jaly , 1839 .

      11 Deae . Sib—I have to acquaint you for your infortnation alone , that I am officially instructed to watch and take measures for obtaining information as to any proceedings in my district , relative to assemblages of working people or Chartists , er circumstances calculated to disturb tbe pnbUc | peace . Yon -will , therefore , be so good as to make--weekly a confidential report Capon THIS SUBJECT . The newspapers bom different parts of your district will generally point out to you any places requiring particularly to be noticed , but take cart at Dundee and elsewhere to ad vdth seeresy and prudence , so that you may escape observation , and not be sutpeeled of giving information . " I am , deaT Sir , yours truly . "Jambs Stuart . "

      It must by no means be inferred from any statement herein set forth that I wish it to be understood , that with industry and proper management , there are not tbe means of living upon a plot of land . No ; on the contrary , I feel convinced that in no country ia the world can greater means of comfort and independence be acquire * . Yet let no new settler imagine that he can arrive at snch a state without encountering many difficulties , and even hardships ; great toil , numerous disappointments , and many unforseen inconvenienceseverything being new and every circumstance changed —new labour , new / climate , and a new mode ef life-All must calculate upon great absence of comfort ; and none ongat to go -wno have not previously mage up their minds to endure much . They must call philosophy to tiieir aid—they must set up a bold

      frontmeet every obstacle vith resolution , and overcome it frith energy , looking forward in confidence to Increasing comforts , and the attainment of independence . I have so means of directing the reader to any work on which reliance can be placed for acquiring authentic information , although I have carefully examined many -works on the United States . " Cobbett ' s Year ' s Rejridenoe , " and other Emigrant Guides , contain more or less useful information ; bnt circumstance * change with the times—new points of attraction Bpring up , and new lines by -which to reach them . I have laboured to give the best possible information connected with the present time and circumstances , and the most accurate description of things as they are ; all of which I conjure the intending Emigrant carefully to ponder in his mind ere be leaves bis native land .

      My taai is now completed . If what I have said and done will be of advantage to tbe poor , who are now the prey of the crafty and tbe designing , my labour will not have been in vain . The consciousness that I have been ef use will be my best reward . L . PlTKETHLY . Huddersfield , 2843 .

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      HOME COLONIZATION . LETTER XX . TO THE EDITOB 0 » THE NORTHERN STAR , Sib . —The next _ point of tbe preliminary Charter to which I have to call the attention of your readers , is— " Free trade in all things with all the world . " "We save beard a great deal of the abolition of the Com laws , of tne abolition of the Sugar Duties , and of the abolition of many other imposts ; bat with the adoption of the previous measures that I have laid before you , none of which ) will be opposed after the people shall have once shewn themselves to be united , free trade in all things with all tbe world may be much easier obtained than any of these isolated and partial measures . ;

      The fact is , that the present system is become so complicated , so intricate , and so inadequate to the growing wants of the country , that every day shews tfee utter impossibility of its being ranch longer continued ; and each attempt to meddle with it , shews the folly of any partial measure of redress . The question of supply and demand , is one that has puzzled the brains of a great number of persons calling themselves political economists ; some of whom have argued for protective , duties , others for bounties on exportation ; some for restrictions on growth , others for prohibitions from importation ; whilst none have taken the plain simple course sf demanding that -whatever is produced in any portion of the globe shall be freely exchanged fer the produce of any other portion . This alone however is the true basis of free trade , and as soon as tbe people aro a little more enlightened on the subject , this is the course they will adopt

      What bnt the extreme ignorance of man with regard to bis own nature and interest , could have raised np tbe various impediments which sow exist to bis enjoying those things -which all admit may be mest liberally supplied if a ready means of exchange could be found ? There 1 b no event bnt what has been taken advantage of for the purpose of preventing his enjoyment , not only of tbe comforts and luxuries of life , as they are called , bnt even ef everything necessary for his bare existence . : This pressure upon ; industry mart and will continue i » arrester or Jess degree , according t 0 the strength , union , and intelligence of the various sections and parties which divide all society , until man shall be truly awakened to the idea of his being a portion of one great universal whole ; and that bis feelings , bis convictions , his sensations , in fact his happiness or misery , depend upon the general amount of either that is prodnced .

      We may , however . rejoice at the prospect before us , of an adoption of a far superior state of things , which may readily be perfected by tbe union of the people ; ana -which must soon be effected , through the necessity that is daily pressing spon us for a great ¦ C iange . YbB events of tbe last few years must shew to every reflecting inijM ^ that in proportion as the intelligence of the masses has boos-awakend on any particular subject , ia an exactly comvpowiing ratio have they keen enabled to procure xe ^ reaB ' , and It"hMferjt evident that at present they are } beginning to have a somewhat clear conception of -what is for their Ixmeftfc-, wntcn conception cannot fail to be enlarged dally .

      It is not my province to interfere "with detallB ; nor would I ever make so ; trifling an object as the repeal of the Com Laws a matter of agitation for the mosses ; but I think , as a role , tbe piinciple of free trade should be supported wherever it exhibits itself ; for there-will never be any cause { to fear that such a principle , waen it has been -fairly carried by public opinion , can afterwards be counteracted or become injurious . If the steady growing intelligence of tbe main body of tbe people can be supported and extended , and of this there can ba no ' doubt ; they -will soon be led to discern the means wJwsTeby they could immediately , and without injury to-any existing interests , terminate « be present insana divisions which exist ; and by

      adoptiug an universal basis , give to every individual member of society , all things necessary for bis well-being . At the present moment nothing but the want of love for each other and snch an idea of the universal as would make all seek the common happiness , prevents the great body of tbe intelligent of all clawes from immediately ebaDging the aspect of affairs . Let them simplify their wants by a tots ! abstinence from everything tbat is taxed ; let them unite for the interchange of tbe produce of their labnnr , and if they can so far agree , for its production ; and . In proportion to the experience they obtaiD , they will likewise procure tbe knowledge aad power further to progress in tola-allimportant work . What i 3 there that comld n » t soon be effected by the » nioE of love , intslliges . ee , industry , and economy ,

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      ¦ without waiting to be beholdsn to an ? governing or wb * tIs called mpetiotclaiA ? Perfect love Isalwaysin unity , and never inquires whether its Government be a Qeapotism as , oligarchy , or ft democracy , well knowing that ft i » always cared for ;| n all things . InWligenco , nnder the control of love , always directs everytMng for . tne advantage of all , and easily commands respect , Bnbmisslon , and obedience from all without the use or any harsh ar unpleasantjmeans . Industry , with « ie two toimer , more especially fa a large and exteneive union , will readily supply not only all things re-2 + i * Iu * ! mmediftte wantstbf the parties located ; 5 V they take advantage , as they may most readily doof the

      > mechanical aad . chemical discoveries of the age , the imlnrtiy of such peisoiur as would tans assojSttettiayaoon give . them- the # > werof extending the Deneuta they would themselves enjoy throughout' all people . Economy , on & true lksta , joined with the preceding [ qualities would so simplify the wants and bablte of the people associated , that they would wonder how they ; conld have previously subjected themselves to such an immense amount of care and anxiety for the supply ef nnmborless wants , < whlcb , When dispensed with , they wltt find thei | beings in a far superior and lhigher state of exifitence , and that they have j # ys and pleasures of which they had before no conception , s

      We art apt to complain of bur governors , rulers , and others in trathetlty , as though they were the cause of all the difficulties under -which we labour ; whereas when man shall have arrived at bis tone dignity of being , individually or collectively , he t wiU £ lwa ' ys'find in himaelff the power of overcoming every difficulty that surrounds him . Regal power , the Government , the Church , and all other authority , will be looked upon with relation to the service it renders to the Cause Of human progress ; and , whilst preserved , will be suppor ^ d and assisted in every manner possible for the performance of its duties ; but awe or dread , fear

      or trembling , will be unknown to man . He will know bis own ( internal power and dignity ; and this knowledge will ; through the love that will be manifested forth in every one , not only for the human race , but for everything that has life , become speedily sojgeneral that there ] will be on inconceivable power exerted by each , that will soon extend itself ! universally . Let us then cultivate these qualities In every manner possible , tbat they may epeedilygoperate to the subjection of all evil things , and to the establishment of everything that is good . Let none fear the commencement of such a task , nor the difficulties with which he

      may be individually surrounded . If he shall be found prepared to perform bis duty as a universal being the opportunity will not long be wanting . Tour Paper of last weok contained an account of a visit to this place by Mr . G . J . Holyoake ; and perhaps as I have now been here for some weeks , it may be servicable to the general progress if I give your readers my impressions respecting it . My visiting here , on leaving Harmony , was the consequence of an engagement to the Pater that I would take the earliest opportunity of doing so ; but I bad no intention of remaining more than a day or two , as I bad heard so many accounts of the miserable state in

      which they ] lived , and of their strange mystical doctrines , that making allowance for much exaggeration , I thought a day or two would quite suffice . I found , however , so warm and cordial a recaption , and bo much genuine sympathy for the great object of my existence , that on leaving for London to perform some engagements t had entered into , I resolved on returning at the earliest moment . This resolution was soon . confirmed by tbe agitation , anxiety , and misery / which I found even among tbeimost fortunate of the parties I had to mix with in London ; for the calm , peaceful retreat of this place bore to me a strange contrast with tbe turmoil that is besetting all the competitors for what the world calls wealth or fame .

      I have since spent the greater portion of my time here , alternating it with two or three days each week in London ! as my business demands . There is , of course , much , very much to amend , as the parties have every thing to learn with regard to associated life ; but there Is muoh here -which if extensively oopied would soon go far towards introducing the measure I now advocate . ¦ The parties observe a total abstinence from animal food , fermented or distilled liquors , tobacco , tea , coffee , and almost' Ibo from sugar , a little having been used once or twice only since I have been here with fruit pies . They abstain also frem butter , cheese , milk , eggs , honey , or any other product of the inferior animals , this last arrangement being considered necessary on the principle of man ' s ! doing justice to the other varied creations of the earth .

      The diet thus simplified consists of oatmeal porridge , bread made from wheat without separating any portion of the bran from it , boiled rice , potatoes , and other vegetables and fruits , the produce of their garden . It is thus very inexpensive , and prevents them from being affected by any of the taxation which is now bo liberally bestowed ou everything it can reach ; the people might soon , by this means alone , put a Btop to the present Irrational mode of conducting human affairs . j Theit highest employment is the cultivation of what they term the "love spirit . ' * which they affirm exists in every hnman being ; and wbicb , if properly developed ,

      and permitted its full manifestation , will unite all in on * common bond of union ; and impel all continually to I act for the universal good . Those who visit the establishment , who desire the happiness of their fellow men , whatever may be their opinion of the fitness of such a position for themselves individually , will not fail earnestly to hope that the spirit which has' actuated the Pater of the ! first Concordiura to commence sucb a work , and Which sustains him in the continuance of it under what Would appear to most persons insurmountable difficulties , may persuade many thousands , who have far more extensive means for doing good , provided their beings could be animated by tbe desire , to go and do likewise . "

      Such a course of proceeding may be adopted by any and every division or class of the : people that can be stimulated to desire it . They may easily locate themselves on sufficient land to provide : all they require ; and by being in tbe neighbourhood of large towns , they may easily procure employment ; and this too not in the present Berviie manner in which they are now obliged to solicit it , ] but by delegating the best qualified person among their body to attend to this division of their proceedings ; and thus obtain sJl the results without the interposition of another party ; whilst their children may always ] be practically educated , and may , at an early age , be made contribute more to the general stock than they withdraw fiom it .

      Any parties , however , who shall think of Introducing thisjtnode of obtaining free-trade in all things with all tbe ( world , must take care that they admit no individual to take part in their proceedings until he shall have manifested that he is actuated by the desire to promote the universal good , or as they would say here , is filled with the love spirit . Unless this prerequisite be obtained there will be no unity ; and without unity there can be no successful results . I am . Sir , your obedient Servant , . I WlttlAM GALPIN . Concordium . Ham Common , Surrey . July 24 ; 1843 .

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      : - ^ — THE NATIONAL BENEFIT SOCIETY FAVOURABLE FEATURES ANP CIRCUMSTANCES ATTENDANT ON OUR ADVANCED POSITION . TO THE CHARTIST PUBLIC . Brother . Chartists—Having in the short space of &ve years , iconcentiated hundreds of thousands of the true Radicals , under tbe fearful name of " Chartists" ; having congregated the majority of our fellow-slaves under our fair banner of right , truth and justice ; having petitioned and demanded , by millions of signatures , tbe establishment of OUR Magna Ctiarta ; having waded through a mighty tide of persecution , and weathered the boisterous Kale of faction ; having borne the heat and toils

      « f a long and dire campaign , and come forth victorious from the field , though with great losa of men and munitions , standing to ear cause and colours , though our chiefs fell into tbehands of our powerful and wealthy enemy ; having by those many and mighty evidences displayed our great moral power and worth , and our yet dormant " physical strength , " we are become a party capable of carrying forward tbe most extensive plans for the amelioration of the manifold grievances of pur order —tbo order of INDUSTRY ; and are the only party equal to it I 'fHE work is therefore OURS ; and tee must do it ] : .

      Ttio face , that we have been , and still aro , associated in vast numbers throughout the country , in one body , under one title , having the same objects in view , the sania desires and interests , —and those the elevation ot tbe toiling class from degradation , misery , poverty , and tbe continual dread of wretchedness and starvation , to a life-of happy healthful labour and competency , peace and joy ; these facts prove that we are in a position' t * ' put into operation the most extensive machinery necessary to remove us from out of our present grievous situation . . " Out of evil cometb good , "

      The very ills of wbioh we speak have produced , and ar « producing , favourable features ; and circumstances for the necessary machinery and operations to human redemption . Hundreds ef tbe middle class , who have , tbrouah the faulty medium of theie " darkened glasa of atsie Rnrf party , leofeod upon us with prejudice , fear , and < tt » trost ; j ean , now that the wolf Ib at their door , look upon us as it were with other eyes , and fancy We ate not the Chartists of yesterday whom they petsesutert , ! Nay they even now applaud us ! Brothers , 1 st not us upbraid them for tbe " change that bath come o ' er the spirit of their dream , " but ratbar turn the change to our account Let us take

      advantage of , their and our altered circumstances . Numbers of the smaU shopkeepers nave been broken up and beggared J numbers more will as surely be broken Hp ; numbers ! will have to sell off their stock in order to save something from the general wrecfe , ami will Emigrate with their few pounds , but to waste It , in the hope of finding a better field for the exercise of their ingenuity ; numbers of small farmers will share the same fate , or be sold up for rents and rates ; thousands more of the working class will be thrown oat of employ by improved machinery , and be added to the thousands who are now oast over the country , to linger out a w « ary existence by begging , or fill the murder sa 9 TILI 6 , sad increase tbe rates for the purchase of

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      poison and coffins ; until bat two classes-, widely distinct from each other , jexist—thef wealthy land and factory lords , and their tyreiched nominal serf ? . True , it bath n « t quite come to this yet . There is yet strength loft in us wherewith to redeem our lost position . We can yet , by our united exertions , lead our starving countrymen from this vale of tears and despair , to scenes of smiles and nope . If we start suuh a society as I have [ urged apon yon , these broken shopkeepers , tradesmen ! and farmers , would surely ' gladly invest their few pounds in it , instead of wasting their substance on the wide Atlantic , anl thus by their j united pounds , and Industry , create-happy homes for themselves , and enrich by their surplus productions the Whale association . The breaking up of the old system will be tbe making of the new ! Wh © that bath studied it In all its ramifications , but will say that it ia fast breaking up ? The great ystem

      ef trade—tbe extensive ] system of manufacture that hath grown up so rapidly since the war , enriching the few and ruining the many , must of necessity i uin and destroy itself ! Know ye | not that the walls , and ramparts , and castleB , and keeps , and machinery of the manufacturers , is only wealth so long as it ia in constant use ? That partial use j wont pay the holder ; that , without " trade" or ' business / ' great manufacturing establishments are so much dead and useless and ugly matter ; as witness Acramana and Co . ' a concern at Bristol , H&rfords and Co . ' a concern at the same plaee , and also in Monmouthshire , with many others . That the thing may be patched up ] a bit longer , is certain ; but no patch can make it endure . The artificial system is subject to so many derangements , that it must be ever in danger of stagnation , and consequent ultimate annihilation ; but Nature and ] her broad fields will continue for ever I Let us hasten then to return onto her ! Once

      having made a sure footing on the Land , we axe safe ! Prosperity is then before us . By the weekly coatiibu- ! tions of those of our members who are in employ , and ] the profits ef our colonies , we shall be able to procure ' all we need . Machinery ! as toe rotten system of credit explodes , will be at our ! command , at our own price . The laws will respect us . j Justice , none of the " powers that be" will dare to refuse us . Our rights , political and social , will be within ] our grasp . We shall , in suoh a society , be ' lords of ] creation , " great and greater than the tinselled nobles of the Crown ' s creation ; foe we shall be truly Nature's nobles .

      The society 1 have proposed is the Hue and easy Btepping stone to all these great advantages and this happy end ; and I call upon you , brothers , as you lave and . respect yourselves and families , to instruct your delegates to the NationaljConference about to be called , to frame the rules for such a society . It will be seen , by reference to my last letter , that I have not made any deduction for the incidental expeaces of carrying on the society ; and therefore I will here explain that point . The- regular subscriptions of members under the graduated scale , I wonld appropriate exclusively to the purposes for which it was subscriber ! :

      namely , the purchase of land or other raw material , asd bold it to be a sacred fund , especially set apart for the permanent benefit of the subscribers ; but for the general expenees of the society , such as education , agitation , pay of officers , delegates , books , stationary , da . I propose to establish a general fund , to be collected by classing tbe members as [ follows , to anit their varied circumstances : — j 1 st . Subscribers at Id . and upwards , p % r week . 2 nd . Ditto M . per week . 3 rd . Ditto | dl or id . per mon ' tb . 4 th . Voluntary subscribers .

      A general fund , I think , may be safely tried on this scale ; as all the members would have a self-interest in subscribing as much or more than they could well afford to help on their Benefit Society . Of this I feel assured , that such a plan of varying . subscriptions must be adopted in the Chartist body , on account of the poverty of tbe people and their varied circumstances . Kemember the parable ef the widow ' s mite , and despise not farthings . ] A permanent DEFENCE FUND b&S been recommended by Feargua O'Connor , the Editor of the Star , Veritas , and many othetsJ If such a fund be deemed necessary , by all meana let us have it ; but of all things , let us have a National Benefit Society , with its sacred . u or LAND AND LABOUR FUND ,

      and its General Fund . If , my beloved fellows , fuither argument be needed for the necessity for the establishment of sneh a society , with such funds -, and if eloquent ; appeals are needed to rouse ycur dormant energies to the work , I would refer you to the letter of J . Leach , of Hyde , in the Star of July the 8 th ; to those of Isaao Hoyle , and James Williams , in last Saturday ' s Star , concerning themselves and fellow prisoners . There , hear human nature and hnman feelings speaking in nature ' s language itself ; and let us answer aa becomes men 1-yBT words and deeds 11 Brothers , —Prepare a shelter for yourselves against hastening calamities , which , even now , cast their shadows before l When the next Master ' s strike oc

      cars , be provided with an asylum for the turnouts ; aad let the Master-class fight the battle of might and power themselves , and fall into the pit they dig for others ] I Your Brother , Gracchus .

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      TO THE CHARTIST PUBLIC . Brother Chartists!—Whilst I write I am sitting in decidedly the most prejudiced , bigoted , and priest * ridden city of the empire , surrounded on all sides by political knaves , and hypocritical pretenders to religion and philanthrophy ; political quacks , and long-faced P harisees—" roguea ingrain" , and cross-grained snarlers , who will neither do goodj themselves or permit others to enjoy their opinion ; [ Tories who might claim the palm for their peculiar attachment to present institutions ; and Whigs , who ' are not a whit behind tbeir fellows in bellowing , when they cannot have a share of the " loaves and fishes" stolen from the poor man ' s table . Amidst this heterogeneous mass of sinners , saints , and quacks , here Ijsit , turning over in my mind what I shall wtlte about ; or which of the parties deserve the first place in the ranks of the people ' s enemies . 1

      I assuie yon , my friends , I find it a perfect pvzz ' e to decide ; and for tbat reason will take rather a general view of the entire ; and ] as this " ancient and loyal city of Bristol" has during the past week been the theatre of unusual proceedings , and has gained some notoriety , I will , with your permission , just give you a brief outline of the occurrences which haAe happened , commencing with Monday , tbe 17 th instant . But before doing so , I Will premise that although I have been an actor in the first piece , I do not insert it through any motive save that of shewing you the REAL character of the company who performed upon that occasion .

      I must inform you , then , that the Irish Repealers invited William John O'Connell to stir up the agitation in Bristol . Well , he came ; and a dinner was provided at the sign of the Castle and Ball . I had been , as also my friend Mr . Clarke ( a sterling Chartist ) , under promise to take two tickets ; bnt when tbe auspicious day arrived , a gentleman connected with the demonstration said I could not have them , and he believed my principles were the objection . He , however , suggested that I might come after dinner . This I did not quite relish ; but having to return by the Castle and Ball after our Society's meeting , I could not , although it was then ten o'clock , resist the temptation " to pop my head in , " and have ia peep at the " Inspector-General of all England , " who closed the Lodge against ! Mr . O Connor in London ; land here 1 will beg you tot remember nearly all the ( persons present were well known to me , and with many of whom I was on terms of intimacy .

      Before entering the room I sent up a note to a friend , asking if is would fce improper to go in at that late hour ? This note fell into the bands of the Vice-Chaitman , who was a son of my friend ; and be wrote ou Its back the words— " Come to me ; I can't stir . " This I did , after paying la shilling at tbe doer tot admission . At tbiB time a Mr . Johnstons . & member of the Complete Suffrage Association , was epeakio ^; and amongst other sabjects touched upon tbe rejection c ! the Chartists by Repealers : } he defended their " honesty of Intention" in coming forward in aid of Ireland , and contended they were unfairly dealt with . This evidently caused dissatisfaction amongst the officials , which was not abated by my " solo" of " Hear , hear . " Mr . Jobnatone then went a little farther , and asked " What suffrage was to accompany Repeal ? " And 1 must do tbat gentleman the justice to state , tkat although he knew such a question would expose him to a castigation , he boldly stood upon principle .

      After Mr . Johnstone came an Englishman , and he , poor fellow , chancing to say that "hfe eonntrymen would assist Ireland , " waa met with the remark , "I doubt it ! " The next was the Inspector-General himself ! who plainly told Mr . Johnstone " he must keep hlB peculiar notions of Chartism to himself ;" and although ha ( Mr . O'C . ) would not speak harshly of the Chartists , he would , so \ help him God ! get Repeal without tbe aid of physical force or the Chartists I Everyman , like himself , connected with Repeal , had at the bottom much the same principles as Mr . Johnstone , but for certain reasons kept them behind the back . During this time a paper [ correspondence was going on from the vice-chair to the chair , and you will presently see for what purpose , j

      I forgot to mention , tuatlmy friend to whom I cent the note , came tu me shortly after I entered the room , and said , *> If you attempt to say a word hereto-night , I will be the first to have you . tamed out" I My reply was , " I will not hurt Repeal " Mr . O'Connell having finished * his tirade , I rose to reply ; but , as if by magic , the Chairman waa " up to bis eyes' * in business , and Mr . O'C . " believed it was the rule , while business waa transacting , speaking should cease . " " Of cpuise you will hear me when you have leisure , " I replied . " Yesl" from the Chairman . I saw the " dodge , " and watched my time . Another note from the Vice-Chair , and I was on my feet ; aye , and to was every person present ] I walked up beside the Chairman and Mr . O'Connell ] and then , a scene occurred wbicb befllea description . I [ was atone as a Chartist Tne Iria& were about sixty , all middle class men . They crowded aro « nd the Chair , and hemmed me in . Some stood upon the seats € o have a " peep" at the Chartist

      My Friends , I wft spare yon a rwitsl of the-straggle for leave to apeak , even as a private individual with the assemble * despots . Snfliee it to 8 ay , that O'Connell , in th « name jof the Liberator , asked if the rules « f tfee Corn Exchange , excludiug fcsown Chartisto , should be kepfcjinviolate ? | 0 which h «

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      received an affirmative from all but Johnstone--he , witli tniespirit held up his solitary hand against it , fo which he received a blow upon the arm from one who is more talkative than wise , and who accompanied bis striking reproof With the words , "Do you know what you are doing Johnstone ?¦ ' «• Yes , " was the reply , " bnt yoc do not" O'Coanell threatened me . and shook his doubled flat in my face l and asked " Are you a Chartist , sir ? answer me yes or no-r-are yon ft Caartisi ?" This was vociferously re-echoed by hia now . frantic dupes . I could noS fur the Hfo of me * r . cp ! y * there was so much obstruction , noise and confusion . O'Connel

      kept shaking his fist , and the meeting hollowing , until at length , aroused by indignation , I summoned and felt aa if it Were a superLamaa strength ; and conscions ot my integrity , I made myself heard to say ,. " If that bell pall was a gallows , Yea" I Quick as thought O'Connell put a motion that I should not be heard—the hands were already up in approval , when I taught him that a Chutist knew better how to act in meetings than he did . " You cannot , " * I said , " put that sir I It is tbe chairman's privilege , and you cannot , must notrdo it" He then , put it through the chair ; and when carried I met such , music !

      Fancy , my English friends , that I stood as described , and had to listen to the moBt sroful groaning , yelling , and hissing from my countrymen , and for what ? FOR BEING A CHARTIST [ f And for doing -what O'Connell would not do—sacrificing my individual interests and doing the little Z can , without hope and wit ' aottt wish for reward . " Turn him out , " came next " Who dares ?'' I raid . ( A voice ) " He paid feiamoney . " One said , "He can stay . " "No , " I Bald , " not with such as you , who fawn and crouch like slaves and retard your country's interests . "

      I left , my friends , insulted by even the very -waiters- — one of whom I was near kicking down stairs ; but I did not go until I made tbe " representative of the Liberator" know I did not consider him a gentleman or a Christian , nor until I told the tyrant to remember the saying , " Every dog baa his day . And when O'Connor comes here next week , I will make your coward consciences tremble for this treatment " Before this , by the courtesy of the editor , reaches the public eye , I shall have done so ; I shall bave told the men of Bristol , bow WilHsm John O'Connell treated me for attempting to defend their principles , and they will have raised a cheer for the Charter which will drown the yells of faction , and shale the citadel of corruption to its centre in ' Bristol . Mr . Johnstons has since informed me that he received by an intentional accident , a Wow of an tlbow in the mouth , whilst clinging near my side in tbe melee ,

      This , my friends , is only a mere shadow of what passed , and even this is sufficient to shew yon that the Charter is your first great object ; and that without it , we shall not be ever able to silence the tongue of slander —or stop the progress of oppression . Therefore away with trifling I let us to work , and no surrender , until it becames the law . When that day arrives we will not bave Princes riding in state under triumphal &rcb * B as in Bristol on Wednesday ; nor your money squandered upon foreign paupers whilst you are literally starving .

      The working men of Bristol gave tbe Pnnee a cool reception . The ladies are dissatisfied by his want of courtesy ; and all shades of Reformers evince symptoms of distaste for royal holidaying . Never was there an exhibition so little relished ; and oven the Prince seemed to feel that the people were thinking about sucb things . He was very pale , sat in the comer of bis carriage , and very seldom condescended to raise bis hat from his brow even to- the ladies . There are many thousands , I must say , of those who will never forgive him for what they conceive to be an insult .

      I cannot intrude on the valuable space of the Star , by communicating upon such subjects ; but will jusS add , if we bad the Charter the people wonld have something else to do than waste their time to swell such harlequin displays . The next item in the week ' s business is the delivery of a lecture in tbe Public Room , by tlae R 8 V . G . Solly This lecture was got up by the Complete Suffrage party ; and from my own knowledge I can speak of its result , by informing you that at one penny admission to the body of the hall the entire sum realized amounted to 8 & 9 d . t So much for " Complete Suffrage" in Bristol .

      This ia the outline of a week in bigotted Bristol ; the next will be a glorious one . The prince of the people , whom tyranny cannot conquer or persecution , dismay ; ¦ whose doctrines are truth and whose principles are justice , will be here ; and then all the saints , the sinners and the quacks will be taught that there is bat one sovereign remedy for present political evils ; and that tbat remedy is contained in the jast and immutable principles of the People ' s Charter . I have the honour to be , brother Chartisto , Your very obedient and faithful servant , July 23 rd , 1843 . W , H . CtiFXOW .

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      PARADISE WITHIN THE REACH OP ALL MEN , WITHOUT LABOUB , BY POWERS OF NATURE AND MACHINERY .

      Letteb II ( 10 THE EDITOR OF THE NOETHERK STAR . Dear Sir . —Every reflecting mind must perceive that the three inventions enumerated in my last , — Gonpowdeb , the Mariner ' s Compass , and the Abt op Printing , have changed the face of society completely ; and that the deeds of an Alexander , a Cesar , a Tamerlan , and the lives of those millions whom they have slaughtered , are insignificant , in regard to their influence upsn mankind , if compared with the deeds of the inventors of Gunpowder , the Mariners Compass , and the Art of Printing . The human mind , having once broken through the

      darkaoss of the middle ages , with the aid of these three inventions , marched on rapidly in the way of improvement ! Invention followed invention ; but , with the exoepMon of the discovery , or rather appreciation of steam poweh , and within a later time , the investigation of electro- magnetism , the inventions were merely improvements in tools , which enabled a smaller number of men to produce more and superior articles of wealth than a larger number could formerly accomplish . This endeavour merely to improve tools , misled men from the real fount of invention , power ; power to drive the machines ; power to handle the tools : power to do the work .

      Etzleh opens a new way to inventora ; or rather brings them back to the best way which they can proceed . He , combining an inventive genius with the acquirements of a philosopher and mathematician , has surveyed the powers of nature ; and clearly shown , in his simple and admirable book , " The Paradise within the reach of all men , " that there is more power at ail times at our command , than is required to do ten thousand times more than all men on earth could effect in . the same time with their nerves and sinews ! He has shown that there is sufficient power to produce in plenty all the necessaries of life , and to change our Globe to a most deiightful Paradise . After b ^ e bad spent tweaty years of bis life in observing and calculating , he cams before bis fellow men , and thus announces his diaCO *

      veries and the result of his labours : — " Loon here , ye philosophers ; ye speculators ; ya who seak the philosopher ' s Btoae ; ye who undergo all hardships and dangers , and traverse the ocean from one extremity to the other in search of money ; look here , —a new , easy , straight , and short road to the summit of your wishes is shown !—Ye , who are tired of life ' s toil and vexations , drop your tool , pause a little , and look here at tbe means for a new life of free labour , full of enjoyment and pleasures ; collect your thoughts , and reflect with . the greatest solicitude that you are capable of , upon the means and ways presented to you for the greatest humaa happiness imaginable , for yourselves , for the objects of your endearments , and for your posterity for ever . "

      It ia hardly possible to invite in stronger language the attention of men , or to appeal more to their feelings and desires than Etzler did in the first paragraph of his preface ; but many , who couid not comprehend such promises , treated the matter as a mera fancy . This he seemed to have foreseen ; for ha at first said : — " here is no idle faucy ; no vain system presented to amuse you merely ; no scheme for deceiving you or fpr cheating you of your money ; but f ttbrftantial means for your greatest happinessare displayed before your eyes , in afair vopenfandho&esfc way : no sacrifice , no trust , no risk , is asked of you ; ndthiug but the trouble to examine . If the author bo w error—why , you will then , discover it ; but if he is right , then no endeavours , even of the greatest prater , will be able to diaprovethe exhibitedttutb . 8 . ' Iti the third paragraph he showed that he was not only an inventor bat also a philosopher and philanthropist .

      ' Why givea the author hia invaluable discoveries to the mblte , wbicb , if true , he might sell for millions ot dollars ! -Or is he so simple , as not to know how to avsyl Himself of his discoveries for his beat profit !' ihese are questions you probably will ask . I will answer them directly . It is because I want to sell these my productions at the highest prica I can get for them , just as you do with yours in the market . Now , mere millions of dollarsiare too low a price for my discoveries . I want to Bell them at a muoh higher rate ; at the rate of seeing all my feilow ^ men , and myself with them together , in the enj&yment of the greatest happinasa that human life is capable of ; because I see rhere is no danger ia it , tho world being large enoagh Md having means enongh for affording the greatest happiness that can be thought of , not only for myself , and a few friends , but for all men on earth . "

      It was not his wishto monopolize machinery or fa > use hiB discoveries merely for his own advantago . His aim waa , and is to this present day , to benefit his fellow-men , and to live with them in a state of peace and happiness . Etzler tried for several years to in tereat gararnments in his inventions , that they might becomo at once the property of whole nations ; but ho spent his time and labours in vain , He met every where with an indifference from those who are at the head of state affairs : Another proof that tho Governments of all countries are , at least , ten years behiad their respective people . I any , Sir , Ybnr obedient servant , G . F . dT 0 U . MET . ER , No . 3 , NdrthainpLon Terrace , City-road , London , July 2 fch , 1843 . ( To be continued . J

      Untitled Article

      THE NORTHERJN gTAR * 7

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), July 29, 1843, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1223/page/7/