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Northern Star (1837-1852), 15th July 1843, Edition 1 of 5, Page 7

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      GBOANIZATIG 2 ? . T 7 s presume tnat by this time the people seed sot to be informed that -without Organization , thej are utterly powerless , save for iheir enemies .. lie frequent and snccesaTe efforts-which hare been made for &e establishment of a general and systemlzed Oi ^ JmlzAiifin fiLe-573 iLat they are afire to this fact ; while tie after faSnre of ererj plan jet acted on , shews egnaDyjiae difficulty of training as effective Organization so as to avoid the thonsand meshes of flielaw , parposelr spread io circumvent Ik ^ ================== ^

      Is our paper of AprH the 1 st , Mr . O'Cohkob published a letter to the people , in -which he presents ihe outline of & plan * f Organization ; -which we sow reprint , because most of the other comimmica ticns on the subject which ire hare promised to lay before onr readers , maie reference to it more or less , and some of ihem are mere oommenis on it . We wish to bring this important matter before the people —aowihstwe think the time for doing so hasarxrFed—in as broad and effective a view as possible

      -we can afford to lose no light upon it . Hence we grre ibewhols of Mr . O'Coxsox ' s plan , and of the emendations and alterations therein which others tare suggested , and Iheir original hints and ideas on the matter , in one article , which , ihongb , of neces sity , It most be long , will thus enable the reader to obtain a fuller apprehension of ihe many bearings of ihe question , The following is Mr . CCoxsob's plan from bis letter . "We request special attention to ihe first paragraph , as it embraces a point of consideration that should , never be lost sight of for a

      moment : — "We xeteb hate fought isjtstice with JOi TfiETTKiPOSS TVITH TTHICH THS UW JLK . MS xs , tjsi . We most bsgin to do it . I have no hesitation in saying that the loses of lunsfamd , if yrroperly cdszixiskrTd , give trots projec tion to ike svtdcd than Hose of axy t ^ he ^ country in the knoven WJitl ; 3 HEEETOBE , "WE JCCSI SCTW DIKECT OCB ATTBIi-1105 TO THETR PROPEB , AD 3 II 5 ISTBA 3 nGS ; and this desirable end will be one of the main objects of the new sy ^ Um of management that I mean to propose fox the protection of out party , and the furtherance of onr principles . I sever £ id anticipate , and I think ire ha £ do light to anticipate that an agitation like ours , composed of so msny elements , conld 1 » rendered complete , efficient , or even satisfactory , in its infancy ; ta % -WB HATB A EIGHT THAT OPB . MACHISEHT ,

      SUSCEPTIBLE OF SO MAST IMPiOTESIESTS . SHOULD BE JLU > £ AS XBAB 3 . Y AS POSSIBLE SUITABLE TO EOSTtsG ci ^ ctnjsxASCKS- That is , thai -where ¦ Qtrealated iciih freA assault , -ax shotdd strengthen ourseztts is ihe assailable quarter , and icfcere opportunities prtsadihemselzzs for a vigorous vwve for such occasions , aiACHESEBY SHOBID BE IS XBADIKESS , IHSTEAD OP PACSISG TO XEFIXCI rPOTf THE BEST 3 &EASS OP attack ok DEFsscB . Gould I then select a moje ssrag opportunity flan "Ins present fot submitting to jonlbe mere naked outlines of a project -which I have now in « ratempTa 3 on ? Wesesi be cesxhalized — tte must be cxized—we must be prepared ; and , cfoc * aUsve imist be thoroughly isoirn io each other .

      " 1 told you , -when in York Castle , that ire cad foft power to erect a power Jtionger than oppres Eca— % public opinion stronger "than bad lavs . How ¦ we nmsfcljave a place of our own to meet is , and tre must nave a complete cerps for the good management of diet affairs . I propose then to submit a plan to the Chsrfisfc boa ; -when 1 shall hare consulted the leaders d our party , for the sccomplis&ment of these purposea ; and of which plan the following is but- the mere » Vt > Tfirnn . » " I ra ^ gerf the propriety of iaMng a large and commodious Ball in . London , to be fitted up with all the necessary conveniences for holding public meetings , ami famished "wife di ^ re nt apartments as offices for conducting OTSrTbusmess .

      ™ That , sn ExecnSTe , cocasting of &re paid members Ehall be chosen sccordins to the present srxsngements g 3 atSartftf > 7 >> ff T > r '' '' " ' j n ^ flp ^ t ^ i ** n ? ' PPt Is elected aV t » kllc meetings . «" "TiaitbB Gaiesal Secretary nrmTI nave a permanent cSse 12 the Sail , and winch shall also be the office of the Eis « ufiTB when they meet" ^ la tflie Counni » T >« n msetcnee in-ererj fortnight — mse to constitute a qnorum . '' TbatthBmembeB of the ExeenHre shall a oficio be Councalnien , acd may attend at Council meetinga and take part in any debate ; but that they shall uot Lstb a Tote as < kmncihiiea . « That the EsecutiTe BhaB lay their books before the Cscseil at eTery meeting .

      "That on the -first Monday in every month a public meefisg of ths -Chartists resident in London shall bs h £ ld , ^ nd before Triich the mrcutES of all proceedings & the EsscndTeand Conncihiien »> t * T > be proposed for oonSrrcatioiL " That ths SecRtary ' s accounts shall Tbe audited fey t £ n -Dersoss elected by the Council belonging to the Chartist body , but -not anembezs of the Council , once in -each moslh , ssd ihs dedsicn of the auditors shell be made fcno-srn to the m # ntli 3 y public meeting .

      " Thatfte Secretary shall be removeable from effice upon a "rots being taken at a monthly meeting , of which a for tnight ' s nctice , at the least , shall be given ; pro"Sided , after hearing ths charges , two-thirds of t !» p ^ r soes assembled fT »» Tl decide against him—the meeting te consist of six liundied members at the least ; and in case the Secretary -shall be removed , the Council shall appoint a Enbstitute pro . ism . until such rule as Bhall be agreed upon for the . election of a new Secretary can be complied with . shall be issued by

      " Thai no public ^ onnneni ihe Executive withouSist being submitted to a inll msetiDg of the Gonucil , -s ^ ien a majanty cf the whole body—the Executive caviii ? votes— i » hiiil decide ViScSier or not ihs document shall be issued . " That the IxanifivB * h * V be TeEideat In Losdon , and «>»* ti reeeiYe a salary of two pounda per -week € & ^ h . - 'xbaXXhe EsecutiTe BnaH issuecarflB of membeisbip ; and that no cards he transmitted to any locality nntfl paid lor . " That a Treasurer shall be appsinted at the fast monthly aicttnsg , "srho shall give good security , to Jhe ameuut of £ 1 < HM ) , for tha just discharge of his

      office . "That no ieceipl but flat of the Treasurer stall bt valid as a receipt for any monies received , and that a ManceEheet of the expenditure be published on the last Saturday in . every-mouth , wMcb balance sheet shall be submitted to the next public meeting , together with tbe decision of the auditors . * 'Thatall Insurers sTiaUbaappointedby a vote of tie thirteen coundlmtn and a » Executive , all having votes ; and that printed instructions fchaH be deliTtrei to tacb lecturer for Ms guidance . " That when a lectuTer is to be appointed , credentials &s to ths fitness and character cf candidates zball be tonsmittad totlie ExecatiTe from the locality in which five iandidaie lives .

      ** That one ^ aif mo zues derived from pay meet ing * of the lecturers of the . Association , shall be ths property of the local branch of the Association -where such lectors-shall be delivered , and shall be used fox local purposes , and the other half shall be transmitted to the General Treasurer for general purposes . " That no pay meeting shall he held by any branch Association , except at jueh meetings as are convened to hear the lecturer , or some personreaident in the locality , and known to the public ; and that ths system of convening meetings to hear persons not well inown Io the people be discountenanced as mush as possible . "That local lecturer * shall be lemoveable in seen TnwiTjg r ts the locality to which they are appointed * jhwu dean fit , and of which due notice shall be given to the Executive and ConnciL

      *• That the rseveral lecturers shall attend to the enxsdmest of members after each meeting ; 2 nd the Secretary Of the Association shall hand ihe proceeds to the lectors , taking Ma receipt , and shaU write fe-reault by Jwa ± -post 5 o tiie Geceral Secretary , and tee lecturer shall , Ijj Sib same poet , transmit tbe amount by poBtroSc e order . " That all disputes shall be referred to the Council , and ahall aot be published in any newspaper , except witb-UiB toBcnrrence of as least nine of the Council men , xnd ss dravn to iy them and having their signatures aSiBd .

      * " Hot tie Conudl ana Executive shall also couusb- ; tetea Jhdence and TictimFand Committee , and that all grievances shall be submitted to them , and by them to j ^ r . Baberts , who , I have every reason to hope , wfll in j the « veni of the plan being carried out change bis residence to 3 Jondon 5 and that no defence ox prosecu ! aon shall be undertaken , except upon a wriiien xecommeudation by Mr . Bobert * to thateflfect . " That all letters regniring answers , shall contain 3 penny postage stamp ; znd that all complaints of neglect » f duty upon the part ol the Secretary or ExecntiTB ahall be transmitted to tbe President of the Council of thirteen .

      ** Thatonce 3 n every quarter of a y&a , tbe four members of the £ xBeotiT 8 committee , -shall mate a cirrait » T tte country for at lautt 6 ns fortoigbl , one taiiris fiw Jtowh , another tiie South , « ftoflieB the East , Mraiheriiie West , and of which duB notice ahall Joe given , in inch cases tbe members cf ths Executive to rtceire tbe additional expences of travelling , from ihe i * vera ] Joeailifiea to which Jiiey are invited , holding in each locality one meeting , and no more . "ISo- * , I lay so much of Hie undigested plan before you . t > f course , I « haH take counsel , and looi well ieto the Jtgslity of every point ; as my object is to JaaketJhETfesa & thing of which none need be legally alrauL I thiEi the public mind is prepared for such an organlziSajL . 1 think the naUonal stomach ^ uite capable ^ uigsafing it . _

      .... ** " 55 " s weuia makB ons HaHa place for debagag public qnesfiens twice in every -week , and thus farooh an cpportacitT for the aevelopement of the riang soms ^ bf the wotKei classes . -1 Eton be most happy Jo recave any sngf esBons feough the Sta , and to have ffce assistance of aH good men in eanyiug out this , gw national objt-cV

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      In accordance with Mr , O'Connor's invitation , and with a similar one given Editorially , ; a number of good men sent in suggestions , which have been lying by us waiting till the ^ feverisb aaxiet ^ induced by the trials should hare subsided and allowed the people to bend their consideration fully to the subject . We now give in BaooesMYo order those Jw > nv rawricationB ; not entire , nor always in the words of the several writers ; bnt as much of them as is "to the point" expressed , as far as we know it , in the shortest , simplest , and most forcible manner .

      First , then we introduce Mr . J . Raisslev , of Lambeth , who suggests that , as the Executive are , on Mr . O'Coka-db ' s plan , to be assisted by a council of twelve , aa Executive of three might trait quite as well as ono of fivej and so save to the country £ 4 weekly ; which money he thinks might be more usefully expended . On this matter of pecuniary saving , Mr . R . does not place much stress ; but he throws ont the suggestion . But he insists strongly on the necessity of being exceedingly careful to elect •—

      " An Executive that we can implicitly confide in , in every respect ; it is net enough that we have honest men —that -we have ^ ood men , but we onght to have really intelligent men who have received a good education Most persons are shy of signing papers on subjects which they donot properly . comprebend ; and if such precaution isnecessary for the preservation of an individual , how much more so must it be' for the preservation of hundreds , which might be affected by tha indiscreet act of an individual , and that person the Secretary 4 of tbe Executive Council" ; To obviate this difficulty he ' suggests that Mr . Robehis be solicited to allow himself to be put on the Executive with a view to becoming Secretary , and tbat tbe Chartists make it worth his while in money matters io do so . Mr . B . G . Gajoiage says : —

      " There ara some clauses contained ia the plan which in my opinion would rather impede than advance our cause . The Council of thirteen I decidedly object to , because it will be falling into the very absurdities wnich every Chartist must , on consideration , so deeply deplore . There canoot be a greater evil in tfee constitution of a society than for two separate bodies to possess the power to stultify each , others acts . ? 1 think , so far from the Executive being subject to any other body , they should be free to act , subject enly to one power—the peeple . If the members of the Association have foil confidence in the Exeentive , why should anothEr body exist , in which the people also have confidence , having the power , to undo everything the otber

      has done ; as , according to the plan , would be the exact position in which the Council would T » placed , in regard to the Executive . TheBe is one other suggestion I would throw out : that is , instead of the Executive being resident in London , they should perambulate those comities -which are as yet dead to the movement I kftOW that i £ funds were at = OUT tjisposal , WB COUld bring tbe agricultural population into a union with the oppressed manufacturing operative . This iiight be done -without incurring any considerable expense , and the money -would soon be ferthcotning from ¦ the new

      localities , -who are ready to join us made acquainted ¦ with our objects ; it is not tbe manufacturing districts that require so much agitation ; they have already been ma-ie to think and reason on the subject . Stern neces sity has been their schoolmaster . Depend upon it , Sir , there is nothing that despots so much dread as to see the sons of the soil acquiring a knowledge of their rights ; and therefore I would advise every man -who lectures to the hard working labourers to impress upon them their right to the land , in your observations on which , in common with many others , I heartily ajree . "

      Mr . Staixwocb says : — *• There are several minor items in Mr . O'Connor's skeleton plan , such as giving increased facilities to tbo Executive , for communion with large meetings of their constituents , the constituting the Central Hall a debating forum twice a week , th . ua establishing aKormal School for Chartist lecturers , would doubtlessly fee of the first importance . The whole of the above is prac ticable and can be done ui : der cur present Organization . " And he presses very urgently for speed in making all the neees = ary arrangements and getting to work in good earnest . l&j . Ws , Cotton , of Birmingham says : —

      " I am of opinion tbat it will be anti-Democratic to allow two-thirds of a meeting to dismiss a secretary , say the meeting | is & 00—600 can have the power ef dismissing , may be in opposition to perhaps 30 , 000 or moK members of the association scattered oyer the ccuntry . Secondly , I think and thousands will agree with me , that £ 2 ptr week is too much for the Executive . Thirty shillings , the wage of the old Executive , is , I think plenty , considering the present depressed state of tbe times , and the low traces -which working men are receivii g . Thirdly , And as regards the Victim and Defence Fund Committee , 1 hope for the sake of preventing sny dispute , Mr . Kober ta will not have the entire deciding -who fchall be fit subjects to be

      defended , or vice versa ; bnt if Mr . Roberts thinks they ought nut to be defended or prcsecnted , the Council ai > d the Executive to decide upon the matter . These are m ? opinions upon the plan : with all other ^ arts I corcordially coccur , and , as ha as I can , -will endeavour to carry them into practical operation . I cculd say more upon tbe subject , but others must have their say upon the matter . And , now Mr . Editor , one word to my fellow Char tists upon one way of getting the franchise . It is a known fact , that m&ny of them are paying from 33 . to 4 s . a week rent for their houses . Now , { for tbe sake of argument and elucidating my motive *) say there axe l . tiOO householders in Birmingham , { which is a trifle ) in favour of the Charter ; and that they agree as

      brothers ought , and sink thtmtelves down to 500 householders , at a rent of say £ 16 or £ 38 a-year , two faiai-Hes in a house . The house taken in the name of one of the parties , tbe otber living as lodgers , then yon have 500 votes -Ri&out any extra Expense . In fact , in my opinion , a very great saving would be the benefit , beside the right of vo&ijr ; tbe said vote beirip given with tbe joint consent of landlord arid lodger , to the candidate < rbo they think fit . I feel satisfied if such a plan tras to be acted upon immediately , in the next Parliament , the People ' s Charter conld be the law of the laud . My plan of getting the franchise would work ja 3 t ss -weD in the election of the Town Council , and place tie -whole Government of the country under the COBtroul of Ihe people . "

      Mr . Isaac Sowdes , of Great Horton , near Bradford , says : — ¦* 1 st—I would ast , will not ! t-e large sad commodious Hall in London , wish all the tSiees and fittipgs-up , cost more than the poor ChartisJs c ; n afford for the convenience of ths Executive , in addition to tfcair ( tbe Executive ' s ) £ 2 each perweek . —2 nd , Are the thirteen CcFOBsiimtn resident in London , to bs ebosia 'by the Lond&jrCharfctB alone ?—3 rd , Can those Cour-eilinen be depended on to do the -weighty work assigsed them ¦ without beinc paid ?—4 th , Can the Executive submit to being « qfiicio Councilmen . and £ till hv deprived of votes as Councilmen ?—5 th , Can they , the Executive , as the representatives of the whole nation , submitfto the censorship of the Council , not even being allowed to iEsne an address to their coasfiruenta -witLouS every votd of that address meeting with the approbation

      and sanction of every one of thirteen Oosnciltnen ;?—6 tb Is & Xondoo pnblic meeting & fit tribunal to meke or unmake a Secretary of the Executive of the National Charter Association ?—7 th , "Will the various loc&lities throughout the Empire comply with the demand made on them for the proceeds cf ail pay meetings ?— 8 th , Will Ihe localities refer all disputes to the Canud ! , sad submit both sides to be silenced , except at least nine of tbe Councilmen , concur -with one side , and even then the nine must set forth the affair in their own language , and sign their names to it ? and Trill all grievances be submitted to teem that they may be submitted to Mr . Roberts?—s \ b , Will not lie Gouncil have much ; more work to perform than the Executive themselves , hairing a right at any time to examine the books of the Executive , and even the choosing of tbe tea auditors , and a power to veto any act of either the Executive or any locality ?"

      ? $ t . FiATHEESTOM , of Worcester * after strongly urging the importance of extending ihe morement in agricultural districts , as widely and as rapidly as possible , continues : — * ' We mest organise ourselves , and stand ready to take advaxlGffc of all chances . Who can tt& what a day or an hour may bring forth ? And now , brothers , I will proceed to Eho- » , Oval tee must orgenrfse ; aad now let me state that the plan 1 propose has nothing of » ewncss or novelty about it . It has been and is ( at Bradford , < fcc ) carried ouS to a considerable extent in our body ; my only object in bringing it for ^ aTdf note is to impress it mote forcibly upon the different localities : and to show them the advantages j they

      TS-ouiti derive from its adoption . Tbe chief end and aim of all Organisifion , I tale to be , the d _ evelopi » S of our hidden resources j with a view of bringing them to beat wiiteEyand advantageously » p 6 n the governing power . It is clear that as long as we remain disorganised and dispersed In sections , we shall never attain a position so as to enable ub to ad with decision acd ttftd . Organization must , therefore , follow hard upon propagandism : or what we gather with the one hand , we rhall scatter with the other . In works on India , -we read of a tree -which flourishes in that eounfcry

      caHea ' ihe Banian tree , ' and which is sometimes of such an extent that ose tree will frequently shelter a thousand horseKten . The branches cf this tree spread in every direction , and -when they reach a certain distance from the main trunk , taey descend to the earth * take root , and soon spread into a tree ss large as the palest one . Tfcey again enoot forth branches , which spread , dssesisd , and *»*•*> root in tbe same manner , until -whole acres are covered -with them . Tfcat , ^ brothera , must be our % > lon . We must ad from centres . In forming new districts , or organMsg old ones , we

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      must fix upon some towns as a point d" appur , from which to agitate / and send forth branches into the surrounding villages and hamlets . All the places within a cirde of miles must be firmly united by frequent delegate and council meetings- and the district must be called by the name of the chief place within its limits ; and these chief places would again elect delegates to a monthly cofstt delegate meeting . Under thfa plan , tbe West Biding of York would be divided into ten districts . Tae Keighley , the Bingley , Bradford , Halifax , Hudderefield , Lseds , Dewsbury , Wakefield , Birnstey , and SbtSeld districts , each having incorporated withJittfae towns and villages around ; and each having its weekly delegate meetings . Brothers , would not these districts be towers of stcength unto us ? To bring the plan more individually home , 1 will take the town of Rochdale as an exampla Suppose the good and true democrats—than whom there are not a finer

      set in England , —suppose tbe democrats of that place to adopt this plan , Rochdale , as the chief place , would form the centre and give the name to the district . The Chartists of Heywood . Littleborongh , Whitworth , Shaw Glough , Shotland , and the other villages ( formed in dosses of tenj _ would meet daily at each other ' s houses , and at their weekly general public meeting "Would appoint a delegate to represent tbem at Rochdale , When , tosh . Sunday , delegates from each village , Would meet and : discuss all local business . I would divide the whole ceuntry in this manner ; and to crown all . 1 would have an Emergency Committee' and a Reserve Committee , ' each of five , elected by the whole country . The first Committee to meet on any sudden emergency j and to be for the time being an Executive Council-, and the second to supply the places of the first Committee ,, if arrested or deemed unworthy . The ' Emergency Committee' to sit in Manchester , and to meet on the public requisition of three districts . "

      Mr . Habkkt , of Sheffield , writes : — " I am not so vain as to imagine myself competent to draw up ' plans of organization ; ' bnt as you are about to publish * hints and suggestions' yon have received from different persons , I send yon my ideas oa one or two matters forming part of this all-important question . " That ' moneyis the sinews of war all admit ; the necessity of a national fond nose trill gainsay ; yet in this tesp&ct the old plan has been feund to be altogether useless . The constant appeals for money for Exe-4

      cutive '—National- Defence '— ' Local Defence '— ' National Victim * —• Local YictJm , ' and otber ' Funds , ' has been one of the great mistakes of our movement One fnnd ougat toiave supplied the place of all these . A National Fund is the one thing needful ]; and that fund adequate for all general purposes , viz , the Bupport of the Exeentive ; the employment of a body of lecturers ; the saturating the country with Chartist tracts , placards , 4 c . ; the defence of the persecuted advocates of democracy ; the ; support of their families , ho ,, &c , &c Such a fund ought to—must be established : but how ?

      " I am no admirer of the Organization of the Repeal Association ; ' but without adopting the odious classdistinctions of the Corn Exchange , may we not copy the good and leave the bad ? If three millions of shil * lings can be raised in Ireland for Repeal , why should not the same sum be raiBed in England for the Charter ? "My proposition , then , is , tbat every member of tbe National Association shonld pay a yearly contribution of one shilling , the ; shilling to , be paid on enrollment , and renewed at the commencement of every year , and to bo devoted entirely to the National or General Fund . The local expences mijjht be defrayed from the profits of lectures ( delivered by lecturera paid from the general fund ) , voluntary contributions , collections at the weekly meetings , &c

      " Of course , I shall be told that the thiDg is ' impracticable . ' Take' the advice of Mirabeau , my friends , and never use ' that blookhsad of a word ') « the people are too poor , ' &o . The people art poor ; but if the people desire liberty , they must make sacrifices to obtain it ; they have made sacrifices , but they must make more yet ! The despotism of a thousand years ' growth is not to becast down in a day : nor will the gold-cased monster be slain with a few balls cf copper . Our enemy , like " Bloody Clavera " , must be met with silver bullets J \ ' Three and a half millions signed tbe last petition . Were the persons who gave their name . * , Chartists ? Were they in earnest ? If so , surely out of the three and a half millions , one million might be found to give a shilling a year—less than a farlhing per week , for the Charter !

      " A million of shillings would be fifty thousand povnds . I question if there could not easily be found a million of professing Chartists , who , by the abandonment of pipe and pot , could pay theii bhilliogs , and be great gsiners aa WelL O'Counell demands three millions of shillings to achieve his object Give to Chartism bnt one million , and we'll make such a breach in the walls of corruption Ui&t , without waiting for our storming , the garrison shall be glad to capitulate . " Upon one otber , point I wish to say a word . The system hitherto pursued of enrollisg meaibera has been fir too fex . The factious and the immoral have as easily obtained admission into our ranks as the honest su-l the virtuous . The treacherous factionist and drunken debauchee have both pestered us in Sheffield .

      Expulsion was the prompt bnt unpleasant remedy . We have for some time past avoided the evil by having all candidates for admission nominated a week previous to their enrollment , and tbo question of their admission decided by ballot Tee disadvantages of thia system axe that lecturers end active agents of the body ( performing similar duties to those of the Repeal Wardens ) would bo crippled in their labours of strengthening the xmmcrical force and ftwla of the general body Might not the advantages of the old plan and that now in ferce in Sheffield be combined , by the names of all persons giving iheir shillings being taken at any time , reserving to the Ucal meetings the power ( by ballot ) of enrolling orrejecting as they might see fit ; in the event

      of rt jection the shUUng ol course to be returned ? Or if there would be anything illegal in this mode of enrollment , would ii not be well tbat while all persona paying their shillings were admitted to the general body , that all local matters shonld be transacted by local societies , distinct from , and independent of , the National Association ; and with the affairs of which no members of the National Association conld have anything to do unites elected therein by ballot ? Such a system wonld , I suppose , be legal ; but any system { not absolutely in violation of the law ) which afforded a protection to the leslly patriotic and virtuous democrat from tbe contamination of despicable ruffians who are occasionally to be found desecrating the name of Cbaitist , would be sufficient . "

      Some of tbe parties who have favoured us with communication ? , advocate modes altogether different . Of these , Mr . George Hi . vtojj , of "Walwobth , says : — " J think an annual Conference of delegates should forma pi . it of our plan of Organizilion , to assemble alternately in Manchester , Birmingham , and London , in tbe first Trtefc in 21 ay or June . I am surs the greatest advantage would result from its labours ; it wonld give life and energy to tbe movement . Tbe Conference should take liotice of all matters relating to the -well-being of tbe association ; they should eive such

      advice acd direction to the people as the timtB may require ; and generally 02 all * utyVcts relating to their moral and physical coriuitios . The Executive Committee should make a full report of their labours to the Confeit _ ace , together with an account of all monies received acd expended , by them . Instead of a fixed weekly payment by : members , which many talented Chartists oljsct to , I . would have each locality to xnske a collection at its weekly meeting in tbe first week in each ca > endar month , and tbe whole cf the money collected be remitted to the General Treasurer of the Association . "

      Mr . Joseph Fnrra , of Keighley , thinks a plan of Organization should be drawn up and published for the instruction , of the people ; and he gives the following hints towards it : — " First—The nation shall be divided into divisions and districts . Sfscccd—That the society shall be governed by a President , Vice-Presideut , Secretary , and Treasurer ; the said officers to be elected at the yearly meeting came as the Executive . " Third—The divisions , or ridings , shall be governed upon the same plan as the above . " Fourth—Districts to be governed in a similar manner . So that I may ; be better understood I will take the West Ridirg of Yorkshire for one division ; and Bradford , with Great and Little Horton , Lfdget Green , Clayton , Thornton , Manxungham and Shipley , shall com * plete one district .

      " Now let every part of the Organisation be explained under its proper head ; tbat is U say " First—What is the business to be transacted at the yearly meeting ? " Seeond—Wbat are the duties of tbe President , Vice-President , Secretary and Treasurer , and the Executive ? Third—What are the duties of President , Tice-President , Secretary , and Treasurer of a division . " Fourth—What are the duties of President , Vice-President , Secretary and Treasurer of a district . " Fifth—What sris the duties of the efficera of one single Branch or Association . 11 Sixth—At what tike of the year shaU the yearly meeting be held . ¦ " Seventh—All the division meetings to be held on one day . " Eighth—All the district meetings to bi held a fortsight before the divisions meetings .

      " Ninth—The district meetings ahall be held a fortnight bsfbre the divisions meetings . " Tenth— All District Secretaries shall make out a quarterly repoit to the ! Division or Biding Secretaries , of all the monies that they have received in their respective Districts , and the Division or Riding Secretaries , thall make out a quarterly report unto tta General Secretary of all iLojmonles that has been recemd in their respective Divisions , ana the Geno : al S 3 cretary ahall make out a Quarterly report ^> f all tfcai has been received b ? the society , such report to be published in thei'oriAcj-n Star or otherwise . ? Eleventh—Wbnt 13 to be the weekly allowance . 11 Twelfth—What is to constitute a share . "

      Untitled Article

      A number of other writers connect the Land questioaiwith their ideas of Organization . Of these , ; ; Mr . Thomas Bond , who dates from Richmondetteet , soho , London , sajs : — n . « ll ^ i y to 8 ee a new organizition ia recommended , and that the Land question will be considered . h *<>?«> mode win also be adopted to giva all who are aeslrous of depositing money with the officers of the Association , every facility to do so , and withdraw It when required . I am certain great good will be

      The Chabtists op Honlet , in a letter through their Secretary , suggest that a clause be inserted in the Organization to the effeot that every member of the National Charter Association ( who is able ) pay one halfpenny per week , to be devoted to the purchasing of land , implements of husbandry , &o . Houses might bo erected upon ihe Land when bought as residences for those who might be employed thereon , and a Sound-headed practical man placed at the bead , to give a proper direction to their

      physical Energies , They are anxious to see some practical plan of this sort put into operation . They believe that it would prove a great auxiliary to our cause ; that it would servo as an asylum to persons who might become victims to the present system of injustice jthrough their advocacy of the cause of right against might , and that it would inspire the people ' s advocates with courage and resolution to combat w ; ifch tyranny , when they knew that they had something to fall back upon a 3 a protection .

      Mr . James Branton , of Manchester , referring to Mr . O'Conmob ' s plan of a Chartist four-acres farm Community , on which he supposes ten shopkeepers to be located , dissents from this idea altogether . He thinks the shopkeeping class an evil in society , which ought to be discouraged ; and he suggests : — " That in lieu of tea shopkeepers proposed by him , in his letter on the land , of April 29 th , one surplus labour-exchange store be established , where all , or any , of the four-acres farmers may deposit tbeir surplus produce , giving them a book , or cheques , for Ihe same . If iu cheques , the same to be taken ia exchange for any commodity ; the farmers may want to the value of their cheques . \ , ¦

      ' * i calculate there would be a large amount of surplus produce from 250 four-acres farmers ; and a considerable quantity of the surplus labour of others required in exchange by them . The cheapest way of obtaining which , would be to take a waggon load , or loads , as the case may be , to the nearest and best market , and dispose of the same to the best advantage ; and at the same time purchase with the money thu * obtained such articles , at-the first hand , as these farmers may require ; and the per centuge allowed by the wholesale dealers would payftb « cost of transit to and fvon \ the surplus labour-exchange store . I would further suggest , that all men placed in trust in this store should be servants , and receive wages . " Mr . J . H . Clarke , of Led bury says : —

      " Never was I more truly gratified than on the perusal of Mr . O'Connor ' s first tatter ou the Land two weeks since . Convinced as I nrn , from considerable experience , ( having been engaged iu practical agriculture for fifteen years , and surveyed sis parishes for tbe commutation of tithes , that the subject is one of the most momentous investigated , ami more important than any yet discussed by the working classes , and one in which they are more deeply interested . " Why , if we allow a moment ' s Kflsction , we discover that all labour expended in manufactures , such manufactures being exchanged for the natural products of other sationB , is , in tffeot , expelling or exporting the whole value of the labour so applied , and lessening

      tae general aggregate wealth of tbo country , by the amount of the exports so exchanged . But if such labour Were expended 9 a tbo Land , the individual wealth of ; millions and , of course , the aggregate wealth of the nation is increased by the price of the whole amount of such exports . Thia applies to all imports intended for exportation when converted . The means of employing labour on the land would be increased annaally by tbe whole price of such exports , and as a consequence , a ^ w'lorf , would be iuveeted in improving the capabilities of it , and thereby would the wealth of all owners and occupiers be increased in nearly tbe same proportion as the transfer of labour from manufacturing to improving the land waa effected . The first business of ; a people is to look , after their own interest

      in their own country . Without their producing their own independence really , as well as noniiuaily , by depending on their products of their libour from their owa land , this cannot be done . To depend on exotic supplies of food is Aim-rational dependence , instead of national independence . All labour expended on exports more than is expended on the imports returned , is just so much wealth lost to the nation , which labour wcu . d increase the permanent property of the people if npp'ied to tho laud . The more the subject of the land is investigated' the more will its immense importance be indisputably established . Mr . O'Connor has made bis calculations much below the capabilities of the land . In this project failure ia impossible . 1 come to this conclusion by actual experience . "

      Mr . John Colc * uhoun , of Glasgow , m a lttter to Mr . O'Connor says : — " Your proposal to « blend the social and political character' by uniting the question of getting the people located upon the laud with the movement for the Charter , has been rapturously received by the vast mass of the people in this quarter ; in short , so far as I have had an opportunity of judging there is but one opinion upon the subject , namely , that tbe land is tbe only means by which the people can be saved from the avaricious grasp of fortune-huntiDg manufacturers , bar . feers , stockjobbers , and all Other classes who fatten on the present degrading system .

      " xou say your present plan can only be experimental . In that II entirely agree with you , Without a legislative enaotment the great mass of the people will never be provided ! for ; yet it is of the last importance that practical proof should be giveu of a definite measure by which ths great body of out working population can be raised fromttheir present degraded condition , so that the desponding son of toil whose , future prospects are gloomy and heartrending , who has it not in his power

      to make provision against misfortune , infirmity , and old ago ; who possesses no means of protection against the caprice of a gold-hunting employer , and who can see no means of relief , immediate or prospective under present existing circumstances : to such , Sir , your plan if ; supported , as I hope it will be , by the intelligent , self-respecting , and elave-abboriug pjition of your fellow j countrymen , holds out a haven of rest 8 gain 8 t the demon Malthusian storm of bastUe , Godinsniving , man-debasing system .

      " Tcu ' uay ! ' the question of first principles , will find no room in yourlettere . ' Here you arc right ; you have hitherto steered clear of these shoals . I trust you will in future The growing intelligence of an injured people ia a sufficient guarantee against the inroads of prejudice or superstition to teach men it is their inherent rght to think aad act ascoeding to the dictates of their own minds , so long as they do not interfere ¦ with the rights of others . Convince thorn that it ia a moral crime to give unnecessarily the . slightest pinn to others : then , and not tiilthen , will tha human family enjoy that felicity which originally prompted the formation of civil compacts , t

      " Iho most senons attention of every lover of bis country cugh ' t now to be directed ! towards tho great , tbo god-like object of gotting tho people plac- d on the land . Let a devoted tffjrt be made to give praof of its practicability ; and speculator ? cf every denomination will be compelled to live by honest industry ; and their blighting schemes , by which ters of thousands nave been reduced te worse than Egyptian bonda&e win be pat au end to . You suggest four aores as the amount to be attoted to each . This point I consider must , to a certain extent , be regulated by the quality of the soil . For instance ,

      I know farraa in tho West of Scotland pay £ l 5 a . per acre . I know other spots paying , £ 9 . These may be considered extremes ; still it proves : tho wide difference iu tha value- of land . Fine rich soil , with an open bottom , suitable for potatoes , turnips , carrots , &c , must always bear higher vulue- than a bare clayey land , cultivated * toi the highest possible decree . Besides , the situation of the land alters its v . duo immeasely . I do uot mean as to its proximity to towns . I speak of its geographical situation , which will , independent of the nature of the soil , evenly regulate its power of production . ;

      " I shall at - a future opportunity , enter more fully upon the point . I oensider this themore necessary , as I know that the land in your native country , and in most parts of ' England , is much more productive than that in the North and West of Scotland . " An Old Radical of Glasgow thinks : — " The OrgaD ziMon should be undfer ILe contrcul and guidance of a Council similar to the Complete Suffrage party . In thia they have surpassed the Chartist body in wisdom . Let us not be ashamed to take of theirs

      what is good , and reject what is bad . The business conducted under a largo body , aa Councillors , prevent these heart-bamiDgs and vain ambition in some , and splenetic feelings In others . We all know a motion ef an individual ho sooner becomes a resolution of a body of men , than tit obtains quite a different appearance with tbe public , to whom it becomes like a law to obey ; the individual proposing it is lost sight of , and the resolution becomes the act of the body ; not of 020 aione , but the whole Cauncii , as it were , so to speak . "

      A writer who sign 3 Jimurs proposes : — l _ i << That tbie Chartists reorganjz-j themselves immediately , under tbe appellation of " The Land of England and British Ciioiter Association . 2— " Tbat twelve directors be appointed to conduct its iffairs , namsly , three trustees , three treasurers , tbrec auditors , and three secretaries , the latter to b ? paid officers .

      Untitled Article

      3— " That one million of members be enrolled with the least possible delay , | and that they subscribe weekly one penny eaci . j 4— " That persons of ) both sexes of all aces , and of every class , sect , or party , be allowed to become sobcribers ; the only qualification being , a regularity of and aoting in conformity to clause the Oth-4—" That the million ) of penceor £ 4 , 000 thus weekly subscribed , be immediately expended in the purchase of freehold estates in various parts of England : no two consecutive purchases being ; made iu the same county . .

      6—" That such estates be immediately divided iato four acre allotments , and a cottage not exceeding a cost of £ 40 or £ -15 in its construction , be built uoon each . J 7—" That each subscriber gives at the time of enrollment a card , containing his name and address to be put in a bag appropriated to the county in which he resides . 8— " That upon completing a purchase ( wbich would occur every few days throughout the year ) a proper I . . appointed party should draw from the proper bag , the required number of names , and the parties answering to tbe same , be duly apprised of their election to bold the allotment . i 9— "Tbat tbe allotment Of farm be held trader a properly constructed lease foi 999 years at a rental of 20 s . per acre . 1

      10— " That members elected to occupy tbe allotments , do so within a specified period , or allow _ other maulers to take their turn . j ll—•• That members leaving their allotments cannot dispose of th . 9 same to any persons but those belonging to the association . ] 12— " That a statement of the society ' s afiUirs comprising its receipts , disbursraents , &c , bo made to appear weekly in the Northern Star , or such other periodical , as the directors may think fit to appoint . " Tho letters of " Gra ' cchus" and of Mr . Galpin , our readers , of course , know all about , Iu reference to thtm , James Macfhebson , of Aberdeen , writes thus : —

      • ' The great object of j the present struggle "being to increase the sura of human happiness by securing to every member of society the most perfect and eveahanded justice : and as this can only ba effectually none by every individual having a voice in the making of the laws by which all are jto be governed , so the great energies of tho masses have been directed toward that object , as it is found embodied iu that document called tbe People ' s Charter . j " But as the struggle for these rights has now been continued for about five ! years , and tbe attainment of them in still apparently at some distance , it would be wisdom in ( hose engaged in that struggle , that whilst they continued their exertions with unabated z al and vigour for the attainment of the Charter , yet

      at tbe same time to look and see if the attainment of some of tfeo advantages expected to flow from that measure be not at present within out reach ; and in my opinion , . 1 little reflection will soon satisfy the diligent inquire ? that much is within our power , even as the law now stands , and tnat ! if we can duly prevent the enactment of new laws , jmade expressly on purpose to apply to the working classes alone , a course of action is still open for us , which , If pursued , will insure , in less than ten years , our complete regeneration—morally , physically , socially , and politically . But indeed these are intimately connected aadjblended together , tbat before you can effect permanently and well any one of these objects , you must necessarily havo accomplished ail the others . !

      " And it appears to me that it is under thia conviction that those plans of Mr . O'Connor , Mr . Q-ilpin , and Gracchus , have been brought before the public . So far then we are all at one : namely , that something practical must be done . The only ] question to be solved is what that shall be ; and in tkis I agtee with . Mr . Galpia that the benefits to be derived | must be dearly and distinctly seen , universal , find of sufficient magnitude and importance , and the means of proairing them evident ;; but I go farther , I say that it muBt be within the power of ths parties themselves to accomplish , without trusting to others for assistance , and that it mast be of general , immediate , and smultaneous application to all its supporting members . It is also njy full and deliberate opinion that no extensive support can be got to any scheme ¦ which is not under the effective controul of its

      Immediate supporters , ot in . oth&t "words , that tho expensive machinery necessary for conducting a centralised national movement will not be supported , and more especially if such centralised machinery were to be placed under the direction of an irresponsible head . Such a course is , in my opinion , diametrically opposed to the spirit of Democracy , iwhich consists in the will of the people flowing from j the extremities toward the centre , where it may be either concentrated in the person of an individual or number of individuals , to whom

      the will of the nation gathered together from all its channels aud lanrific&ttonsj would become law . " But the course suggested by Mr . Galpin exactly reveraes the principle , by causing the will of the individual to become the lay of the nation . Instead of the power and will cf the nation flowing from the extremeties towards the centre , and being there formed into laws in accordance ! with that will , their laws would , by the plan proposed by Mr . Galpin , be mere arbitrary emanations fromjtha will of an Individual over whom they had no controul . True , they might remove him ; but so long as they continued under such a

      system , such removals * ou ! d be nothing more than a mere change of despots . " But Mr . Ga'ipiu has said , that an individual placed in such an unfettered p ' ouition ns be has described , with all the resources andjenergies of the masses at his disposal , and endowed with a niin < -1 and will capable ot regenerating mankind , would make a much more rapid and steady progress towards that end , than if it depended on the conflicting opinion of a great number But even granting all these great and good qualities , necessary for such a purpose , whish aro scarcely to be found in any individual , ] yet Mr . G . must be aware that if the human mind isiforced on faster thsn its

      convictions admit of , let tue objects for which it has thus suffered violence be of themselves ever so good or deairable , yet the moment that the impelling power is removed , it will remain stationary , if , indeed , retrogression does not take place . And of tbis we have an example in the advances and progression in civilization and refinement forced on the Russians by Peter the Great ; it being generally ] allowed that the Russians have remained stationary as to civilization or improvement since the death of that individual . altho few will doubt but that the

      " Now , ugh progress made In humanising ! the Russians by Peter was greater than if a public opinion in favour of ihe progression had first to have ] been created ; yet , if public opinion ia favour of these principles of progression bad first been created , although such improvement would have been somewhat longer in taking place , yet oi ce having begun , they jwould have gone on in a much more natural and jsteady manner , and would have still continued to advance In an equal if net an increased ratio , and could ] not have suffered much by the death of an individual . My opinion is , that dependence on individuals has hitherto been the bane of mankind ; as , however much good an individual may accomplish in his life , it generally stops at his deatb , unless he has established a principle , which must rise ia a great measure superior to individual influence , and depends for Us success onjthe simplicity of the agents by which its great ends are effected . "

      Mr . David Ross writes thus : — " As far as I have travelled I have found the people anxiously looking for ward | lo some euch practical developenient of out principles as would yield to them sorno true advantage—some positive good . Men are tired of unceasing agitation ; of again retreading tbe same ( i » vioua path of uncertainties , only to be again attended with future disappointments . Having learned so much of tbe opinion of the public , ij have ventured ( in the course of my lectures for the last six months ) to lay down certain plans fir the obtainmept of small plots of land , uporj tho plan cf Home Colon ' zitlon . In evtry locality 1 found the people most ] willing to embark in this good undertaking . I have hitherto cenflned myself to general remarks upon the { subject , believing tfeat as

      soon as the trials terminated something wonld &a done . That time has now arrived , and I find myself called upon for some explanation , more than I am at present able to give . I don't wish to lead ] the public mind astray , by giving my own unwarranted optaion . I want some authority ( better than my [ own ) for what I do . We ' must have order in all out arrangements . We must ; have one fixed point to watch to steer ; and being , aa 1 j am , isolated and cut off from all communication with j those parties who might else enlighten me upon this subject , I am led to hope tbat you will afford me auch information relitive to the ) plans about to be adopted in furtherance of the great design , as well as the means to be employed in carrying qut the same , as will enable m 8 to discharge my obligation to the public in a becoming and useful manner .

      " By making a bold and vigorous effort I believe -we can place Chartism in such a position as to claim respect evea from its very enemies ; but thia can only be effected by demonstrative pr ' oof of its general utility , nor can a better plan be devised for ameliorating the present condition of the unemployed , than by placing as many as possible upon the Land . " With Mr . o-connor ' s plan of the new Executive Committee , if s duties ana obligations , I entirely concur I moreover think tbe plan for superintending the labours of the lecturera an admirable ( one at the present time I hear frequent complaints relative to the evil ef allow-Ing men to perambulate tbe country , without authority and without invitation , from the committees . Nor does the evil rest here—for it is po ssible for men to-palm themselves upon tbe public , who were never identified with the movement ; and yet the Chartist cause will be held responsible for whatever errors they may commit whether intentional or not . '

      " In concusion I may likewise add , that if somesps . cial instructions were given ti each of our lecturers I thinfe the wine of their services would be enhanced very considerably , and the cause materially benefited

      We now introduce , and commend to especial consideration , Iho following eealible , rational , and well written letter , from a gf ntjeman whom we believe to ba aa true a patriot as lives . We give this comiuunia ; Uiou entire : —

      Untitled Article

      OaOANIZATIOi * . XO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAB . " London , April 3 , 1843 . " SIB , —I h 3 V 8 read with Interest , in the lsss number of yon * spirited journal , a proposal to unite the people of tbis country iu one voice , to obtain the Charter , as a means of political emancipation ; and I believe that nothing less than such a union will induce the Government to listen to tbe peopie , or make an eff » rfc to protect them from increasing misery . Yon invite your friends to offer their opinions of tha plan proposed , and make suggestions ; and though you may parhapa expect that till such observations should be strictly coufined to the poliiicil bearing of tb . 8 question , I beg leave to offer a few remarks on the general bearing of the union , and tho end proposed ; my object being to strengthen the movement by harmonizing cifforent opinions in one general concert of principle .

      " It is acknowledged by all , that the peopie have been weakened in their movement , by divisions of opinion on uiiaor and secondary questions ; and if this could be presented for the future , the result would ba important : and therefore I propose to Mr . O'Connor i and the Cliar * list body In general , that the plan Of Union should D 8 made as comprehensive as possible , that all who are sincerely devoted to the interests of tbo labouring people , may unite ns one phalans of an industrial aruiy , determined to obtain their rights as men , and to protect their only property , their labour , against the silent invasions of monopoly in legislation , and machinery and land . This union is Dot to be oWainad by sinking differences of opinion ; for people will not sink those differences : but by habmomzlng them , in toleration and a liberal spirit of concert ; and thia may be effected by stating clearly , the ONE great principle in which they all agree , and the various secondary questions on which they should agree to differ without weakening the union by these differences .

      • < I bplieve that all agree with regard to tha CH AKTER as a-MEA . KSof obtaining the people ' s rights ); aud the LAND is the END ' they have in view , when the Charter bos become the law . I propose then that the ' United Chattists of Great Britain anft Ireland , * should state to the woTld , the natura of the Means and of the End they have in view ; tbat men of property . a «< i timid people generally , should not regard the Chartist body as a party struggling for power to disorganize society and introduce a reign of terror . " I ahall effor no remarks on the Organization of the Executive , as I have no doubs that Mr . O'Connor and bis friends wil ! do tbat part of the business weil ; but I will state my views , with you permission , of what should be incorporated in tbe general plan of union ,

      particularly with regard to the ENJ ? all have in view—tiie elevation of tho people . Hit&erfcv , the agitation for tha Charter has been too exclusively political , I think ; and , should be now enlarged to a universal scale of action , which includes religious , social , and industrial improvement . For this End I propose , then , that the-peojjla of Great Britain aud Ireland form one general unioa , or a peacefully united industrial army to destroy all false monopolies which are injurious to the interest- ! of the labouring millions , who have no other jiopeity in . the world bat tuat of mental or manual labour ; atu \ I further propose that this industrial army of peace should ba formed ef various opinions , rallied , in particular bodies , round ONE general standard , as aifurent corps employing different weapons , artillery , wflos ,

      swords and baysnets , rally round oae military standard in national warfare . The one general standard of this peaceful industrial army then , to be the CHARTER ; and ail the different sects of opinion to rally round the Btantiard , to fight tbe peaceful batte of opinion to obtain the people ' s rigbti . The Charter ia tho fiiat thing to be bo obt-. ined as a MEANS to an EN D ; and all parties are to agitite for this before they make a general effort for a further object . All should agrea unanimously on this ONE point , the first in order of time and unity of action ; the political part of the great battle of the people against monopoly * and slavery . Oa this , all can a , grca , and should , and I hope will . Now comes the question of differences with regard to the END of the first great movensont of

      the- moral army : for the Charter will only put tho people In possession , of the citadel cf legislation ; aad when they have gained ps 3 ies 3 ioa o * that citadel , tbe battle for tbe Charter will be over , but not the battle for tha social , and rellgicuB , and indnetrial elevation of tha millions j and the Gsneriila of the great industrial peaceful army of the peeple , now r . bout to be re-organJzad , should lay down their plan of tbe whole campaign from beginning to end , that tho victory may be final , and the people thoroughly emancipated from political , and social , and industrial degradation . The citadel of legislation may be stormed , then , morally , by oca massive phalanx of-. opinion under , the banner of the Charter ; but different corps must be formsd to harmonise the various ppinions concerning the best means of obtaining the Land , as tho basis of improvement for

      the millions . When , the Charter has beea gained , the Land must be obtained : and there are different opinions in society with regard to the beat means of locating the people on tha land for mutual advantage to all classes end all parties . One plan has been proposed by Mr . O'C-ranor—the allotment , or raiall-farin system ; another by the Socialists—Community of properly ; and another by the Piulanxteruins—Joint-stock associations , in which labour rauka equally with capita!—in copartnership , by whic ' n means machinery < - ¦ made to labour for the mess , end not against thtan . Thesa are the tbree general dimsoas of opinion with , regard to tbe land , which could not act together on that question when the Charter ha ? beceme the lnw ; but who migLt and ought to act together for the Charter , with an understanding that esch of their pliss respectively should have a fair trial when the government of the people derives Its power from the people .

      "in addition to these three parties differing In opinion , with regard to the land , there are some who do not think it necessary to locate the paople on tha land ; but tbat Legislative Reform alone , with better Governmeat , is aH that is required ; aad somo who think that Free Trade in everything is all that would be necessary to protect the people from misery . " Tuene diverse opinions cannot be absorbed in one ; and hence it ia important that they should ba canciliated independently , as varieties of one harmonious concert , for tha c ' . evation of the . people—a pDiaton which they all agree in opposition to the Tories , who

      waat to keep hold of tboir monopolies and privileges , without any regard to the rights , and interests of other classes , beyond the fermal operations of a class-mode law ; and also , la opposition to the Whigs , who only want Free Trade , that they may enrich themselves , by tha labours of the people , and feed their little cattle , well or ill , according to the quantity of work they want performed by them as hireling slaves . These two parties want nothing for the people ; they want all for themselves alone , and therefore they could not ba conciliated by the people , nor enlisted in the psople's cause : but all the others nny and should be .

      '• ' TMs great industrial moral army , thencrrttfae united Chartists of Great Britain and Ireland , mignEbe divided into five distinct corps , for future operations , after th 3 Charter had been obtained by one unvtad effort , liky an army containing a central division , with a left hand wing and » right hand wing , besides a corps of sharpshooters , aud a host ot nondescript followers of the camp , thus : — ( A . Political Chartists ~ \ T , » ,, ., ~ 1 1 . Socialist G&auista f -fnc C E ° ^ 2 . SmaU Farm Chartists V ™ chartists 1 3 . phajanjtterian CIiarBsts 1 A V . B . Free Trade Chartists . J " These parties may easily agree to differ with rerazd to future operations , while they gain the Chart- r , aa

      the first great object of the Union ; and with aa understanding that each plan should have a fair trial after the Charter had been gained , they might freely discu 33 amongst themselves , without bitterness or opposition , the relative merits of these plans respectively , and enlist themselves in whichever corps they liked , for future operations . This would bo hu . rmo'uous variety in unity , benefitting all , and tyrannising over none ; as ever body would be free ao affopt hia own opinion with regard to the land , or other maans of elevating tha religious and the social condition of tiie people .

      Many of your readers may not fcaow wlias the Phalanxterian plan is ; and for thbir information , and wita your permission , I will refer them to a Letter to Mr . O'Connor , " written by Samuel WellTood , a handloom weaver , in Glasgow , on the question of tha land , in which , with respectful deference to Mr . O'Conno ., and admiration for his political efforts , fco contrasts the Phalanxterian plan with the smut ) farm system . The letter may be had of any newavender , or from . Cleave , or the publisher , at the offi ; s of tbe London Phalanx , Catherine-street , Strand , London . Pries three half pence . To the trade one penny .

      " I am a Phalanxteriau , aad I hope that the spirit which leads me to offer my ca-operation . to the peaceful army of labour to obtain the Charter ; ¦ without smcriflcing opinions concerning the best method of improving the condition of the people aaan END , whoa the Charter has been obtained as a MEANS , will induce those who prefer the Smali Farm System or the Community System , to co-operate frealy in tie peaceful struggle ; and agree to differ with enlightened sympathy for each other and respect for . different opinions advocated with sincerity and liberality . Taia is in fact tho very principle of liberality and cordial union for a general end ; for people never did , and I believe they never will , agree in doctrinal opinions of religion or political economy . Variety should , then , be harmonized in unity .

      ' . * Women should he generally prevailed upon , also , to join the peaceful army ; if not to struggle in political antagonism , » t least to join the social and religious divisions , to premote tbe education of their children when the land has beea obtained , and thus prepaco themselves for higher duties when tbe first great struggle has subsided . I believe , Mr . EcUtor , that thia incorporation of the social and religious elements of progress in the people ' s Union would . multiply its power beyond calculation ; and I submit it to you , and to you ? readers , in the religious hope of its adoption tot t ' un good of all . " Yours , In oil sincerity , " Hwja Dohbrit . "

      In addition io all these , we have this week received communications from Mr . R . i . MoairtSOH Nottingham , aad Mr . G . J . Hahhet , of Sheffield . Mr . Moerison says ; — Co-it ' mued i » cucr eighth p * ff ** J

      Untitled Article

      THE NORTHERJN STAR I ' 7

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), July 15, 1843, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1221/page/7/